考研英语自我检测之词汇测试(一)附答案

第一篇：考研英语自我检测之词汇测试(一)附答案

考研英语自我检测之单词测试

（一）1． We don’t reveal the names of our guests to protect their privacy.为了保护客人的隐私，我们___________________。

2． The total revenue of the firm is 500 million US dollars this year._____________________________________________________

3.There’s a one-million dollar reward for clues leading to the terrorist’s arrest.对能为逮捕恐怖分子提供线索的人，给予一百万美金的__________。

How can I reward your help?

___________________________________________。

4.After next semester, I secretly considered her rival, and strived to find their own

weaknesses, to shorten the gap, to play their own advantage.下学期开学后，我就暗暗地把她视为_________，努力地查找自己的弱点，缩短差距，发挥自己的优势。

5.It is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to

sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.__________________________________________________________________

6.The present situation is far from satisfactory though some process has been

made.尽管有了一些进步，但现状还是___________________。

7．Silence is the perfect expression of scorn.________________________________________。

8．Why don’t we start from scratch and think for a change of our image.我们为什么_______________,考虑改变一下我们的形象。

9．By strengthening the river banks, the city secured itself against flood.由于加固了河堤，___________________________________。

public security___________ sense of security __________

security alarms___________

10.大一学生________________大二学生__________________

大三学生__________________大四学生__________________

11.The sensible investor remained unshaken after the stock-market crashed.这个____________投资者在股市崩盘之后仍然没有动摇。

Dogs are more sensitive to odors than people are.狗的嗅觉比人的嗅觉__________。

12．Failure in the job interview was a setback for the graduate.工作面试的失败对这名毕业生来说是________________。

13．In the intense atmosphere, the director shifted the conversation to a more comfortable subject.在紧张的气氛下，主任将谈话_________一个比较愉快的话题上。

14.This is a page to simulate the purchase process.这个页面可以_______________________________。

15．Moreover, it can stimulate their imagination and their interest in computer science.而且，这还可以________他们的想象力和对电脑的兴趣。

16．She skips the difficult words when she reads English novels for she just want to get the rough idea.____________________________________________________________________。

skip class ______________

17.If costs continue to soar, the Massachusetts state will not be able to afford this scheme for long, and it will become unpopular.________________________________,马萨诸塞州实施此项方案时间将不会很长，而且还将会引起不满。

18．The artist is a solitary kind of person.这位艺术家是___________________。

19．In the university you can specialize in the humanities or the natural sciences.____________________________________________________________________.detailed specification___________ installation specification_________________

20.The sunrise from the sea is indeed a spectacle._________________________________________________。

21．Taipei 101 and Empire State Building are skyscrapers, both they are very spectacular.台北101和帝国大厦都是摩天大楼，____________________。

22.Many people speculate in stocks nowadays.现在许多人_________________________。

23．In spite of all his efforts, his debts continued to mount up.____________________________________________________

24.a spur in prices________________

spur economic growth__________________

25.We should maintain a good working relationship with staff in the office and all other departments.我们应保持与本部门及其他部门的____________良好的工作关系。

I bought you some stuff to eat.____________________________________。

26．After many times of failure, I submit to fate.多次失败后，我__________________________________。

27．We shall soon substitute gas for coal.___________________________________________________。

28．Over the past 15 years, successive governments have eliminated all domestic subsidies.过去15年来，____________已经取消了所有的国内补贴。

1.不透漏他们的名字2.该公司本年度的总收入为五亿美元。3.奖金我怎样才能报答你的帮助呢？ 4.对手5.许多人常常宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的特权，这在西方倒是人之常情。6.令人不够满意 7.表示轻蔑最完美的方法莫过于沉默。

8.不从头开始9.该城可免受水灾。公共安全 安全感安全警报10.freshmansophomorejuniorsenior

11.明智的 12.一种挫折13.转到14.模拟购买过程15.激发16.看英文小说时她经常把难词跳过，因为她只想了解大意。17.如果成本继续飞涨

18.一个隐居的人/ 一个孤独的人19.在大学里，你可以专攻人文学科或自然科学。详

细的规格说明安装说明书20.海上日出真是奇观。

21.它们都很壮观22.投机股票23.尽管他做了最大的努力，他的债务还在继续增加。24.刺激物价促进经济发展25.同事我给你带来一些吃的东西。26.向命运屈服27.不久我们将用煤气代替煤。28.历届政府

第二篇：2018考研英语阅读理解练习题(附答案)

可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com

2018考研英语阅读理解练习题（附答案）

Text 1

It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college.Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial.When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it’s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers — but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses.It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students.Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal.Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change.The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor.For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook.Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails” language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market.But the skills they learn — how to think logically through a problem and

organize the results — apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all.But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes.These kids are going to be surrounded by computers — in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes — for the rest of their lives.The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want — the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that — the better.21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to____.A.complete future job training

B.remodel the way of thinking

C.formulate logical hypotheses

D.perfect artwork production

22.In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their____.A.experience

B.academic backgrounds

C.career prospects

D.interest

23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will____.可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com

A.help students learn other computer languages B.have to be upgraded when new technologies come C.need improving when students look for jobs D.enable students to make big quick money 24.According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to____.A.compete with a future army of programmers B.stay longer in the information technology industry C.become better prepared for the digitalized world D.bring forth innovative computer technologies 25.The word “coax”(Line4, Para.6)is closest in meaning to____.A.challenge B.persuade C.frighten D.misguide Text 1 答案 B remodel the way of thinking.Reshape 重塑

remold 重塑

Mold 名词-模型 模子

动词-形成塑造

解析：此题是文中人物观点题。根据Cortina定位到第二段前三句。Cortina认为尽早接触计算机科学是有益的。第三句It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students.译为在转变思维程序方面小孩不像年龄较大的学生一样困难，即B remodel the way of thinking 转变思维方式即为同义替换。答案 D interest

解析：此题是细节题。根据关键词Friedman定位到第四段第二句but之后引号里面内容“我们试图让课程符合学生兴趣”，故而D interest为正确答案。答案 A help students learn other computer languages

解析：文中人物观点题。题干问的是Deborah Seehorn认为在Flatiron这里所学到的技能将能怎么样，据此定位到第五段But处，和题干基本一致，该句指出“But the skills they learn„appl to any coding language”，意思是他们学到的技能可以应用于任何编码语言。对比答案选项，A选项的意思是“帮助学生学习其他的计算机语言”属于原文定位处的同义替换。答案 C become better prepared for the digitalized world

解析：细节题。题干指出：根据最后一段，Flatiron的学生被期望去干什么。据此定位到最后一段的These kids are going to be处，是题干的同义复现。定位句“These kids are„be surrounded by computers for the rest of their lives.The younger they learn how computers think„„.the better.”，意思是学生们越早学越好。C选项“为数字化的未来做更好的准备”是同义概述。答案 B persuade

解析：词义句意题，结合上下文来解题。根据coax此单词，定位到最后一段最后一句可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com

“how to coax the machine into producing what they want”，考察固定搭配“persuade„into„”。A选项挑战，B选项劝服，C选项使恐慌，D选项误导。考生做题时一定要注意结合上下文来推测生词的词义，这是命题人的出题 规律。

Text 2

France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women.Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.That’s a start.And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death-as some have done.It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women(and many men)that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty.And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep — and bone-showing.Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models.The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.’ The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute.But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step.Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.26.According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?

[A] Physical beauty would be redefined.[B] New runways would be constructed.[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.[D] The fashion industry would decline.可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com

【答案】 [A] Physical beauty would be redefined

【解析】 推断题。根据France定位到文章前两段，第一段讲法国决定时装业失去了定义（define）形体美（physical beauty）的绝对权力。法国的立法者通过了一项法律，雇用超瘦的模特属于犯罪，议会也禁止网站通过推崇极端节食“鼓动过度瘦弱”。第二段第二句提到“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.That’s a start.他们建议美丽不应该以伤害身体健康为代价的外表来界定。”由此可知，法国通过立法手段来改变法国时装业模特超瘦的现状，即[A]项的“形体美将会被重新定义”，是对原文内容的合理推断。[B]项“将会建造新的舞台”，[C]项“有关节食的网站将会兴起”，[D]项“时装业将会衰退”，均不能从文中推测出来，属于“无中生有”。

27.The phrase “impinging on”(Line 2, Para 2)is closest in meaning to____

[A] heightening the value of.[B] indicating the state of.[C] losing faith in.[D] doing harm to.【答案】 [D] doing harm to

【解析】猜词题。定位到第二段第二句“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.他们建议美丽不应该以

身体健康为代价的外表来界定。”impinging on后面的宾语为“health”，即对健康的某种影响。根据第二段第三句“对超瘦模特的禁令似乎不仅仅是在防止模特挨饿致死——正如曾有人这么做过的”，可见法国目前的对美丽的定义导致了有人为了保持身材，挨饿致死，因此推测出这一短语在这里的意思为“侵犯，伤害”，[D]项“对„„有害”正确。[A]项“增强了„„的价值”，[B]项“反映了„„的状态”，[C]项“对„„失去信心”均不符合句意。

28.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?

[A] The French measures have already failed.[B] New standards are being set in Denmark.[C] Model are no longer under peer pressure.[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.【答案】 [B] New Standards are being set in Denmark

【解析】细节题。根据第五段第二句话“In Denmark,...it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion...在丹麦，它正尝试为模特设定自愿的标准„„”，可知[B]项“在丹麦新的标准正在被设定”是对原文的同义替换。[A]项“法国的措施失败了”；[C]项“不再有来自同行执法的压力”，文章第五段第二句后半句提到“images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement”，属于“正反混淆”；[D]项“它固有的问题变得更严重了”，文中第五段只提及时装业有固有的问题，并未提及“变得更严重”，属于“无中生有”。

29.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for ____

[A] setting a high age threshold for models.[B] caring too much about models’ character.[C] showing little concern for health factors.可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com

[D] pursuing perfect physical conditions.【答案】 [C] showing little concern for health factors

【解析】推断题。题设为“一个设计师很可能因为什么原因被CFW拒绝”，根据关键词CFW可回到文中定位至倒数第二段，该段提到丹麦的时尚界就有关模特的年龄、健康及其他特性的内容达成一致意见，且一项新法案也明确规定，他们已经意识到时尚界对于人们尤其是年轻人的身体健康所带来的影响，并且应该对此承担责任，这一法规的执行方式就是拒绝一些设计师和模特经纪机构参加哥本哈根时装周（CFW）。因此[C]项的“不关心健康因素”符合题意，为正确答案。[D]项“追求完美的身体状况”，[B]项的“过多关注模特的性格”，[A]项“设定了一个模特高龄门槛”，均不符合题意。

30.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?

[A] The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry

[B] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty

[C] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France

[D] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

【答案】 [D] A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals 【解析】主旨题。本文从首段就开始阐述法国通过立法禁止雇用超瘦的模特，时装业已经失去了定义女性身体之美的绝对权力，且议会也禁止网站通过宣传过度节食来强调过度消瘦。第二段继续说明美丽不能只看外表，更不能以牺牲健康为代价，时装业应该为传递给女性的不良信息负责。第三段说明女性不该让他人来评判自己的美丽。第四段讲法国的措施更多的是依靠严厉的惩罚。最后三段提到了丹麦与法国截然不同的措施。纵观全文，文章主要在讲各个国家对解决目前模特超瘦的现状的措施，因此[D]项的“对时装业身体典范的挑战”是对原文的“高度概括”。

Text 3

Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States.But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’ historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service（USFWS）decided to formally list the bird as threatened.“The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe.Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed.They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.But Ashe and others argued that the“threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches.In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat.The fund will 可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com

also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years.And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies(WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress.Overall, the idea is to let “states” remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species，” Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly, doesn’t go far enough “The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,” says biologist Jay Lininger.·31.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____

[A]its drastically decreased population

[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage

[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists

[D]the insistence of private landowners

32.The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____

[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure

[B]would involve fewer agencies in action

[C]granted less federal regulatory power

[D]went against conservation policies

33.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____

[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation

[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat

[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job

[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations

34.According to Ashe，the leading role in managing the species in______

[A]the federal government

[B]the wildlife agencies

[C]the landowners

[D]the states

35.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______

[A]industry groups

[B]the win-win rhetoric

[C]environmental groups

[D]the plan under challenge

答案 A its drastically decreased population

解析：此题是原因细节题。根据关键词定位到第一段But前后关于lesser prairie chickens 数量2million和22,000的强烈对比。此外第二段第二句“the lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation”都可以得知A its drastically decreased population 数量的急剧下降为正确答案。

答案 C granted less federal regulatory powers 可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com

Grant 动词-同意允许；授予赋予

名词-补贴

解析：此题是原因细节题。根据关键词定位到第二段第四句，They had „, a state that gives federal officials greater regulatory power.而But 之后是截然相反的事实，即政府授予了更少的管理权。故而C granted less federal regulatory powers为正确答案。

答案 A agree to pay a sum for compensation赔偿补偿 薪酬

解析：推断题。题干问的是从第三段推出来：无意伤害的那些人是不会被检举的如果怎么样。根据题干定位到第三段首句“it would not prosecute„.as long as „.”，题干中问的if即原文的as long as的同意替换，原文as long as的意思是：只要他们签署了计划。下一句说道，该计划要求个体和企业去支付基金。对应选项A选项“赞同支付赔偿”属于同义替换。

答案 D the states

解析：此题是细节题。根据关键词定位到第三段最后一句the idea is to let the“states”remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species, Ashe said.其中in the driver’s seat对应题干中的the leading role, 故而D states为正确答案。

答案 C environmental groups群体团体

解析：文中人物观点题。题干问的是Jay Lininger最可能支持谁，大写人名定位到末段最后一句。最后一句提到：生物学家Jay Lininger说道联邦政府要把责任推给导致鸟类灭绝的企业，显然是对政府和企业的反对。再往前看一句，指出：企业团体和政府部门观点一致，环境学家与其观点恰巧一致。因此，Jay Lininger最支持环境团体的观点了。

Text 3

“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Firedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR)policies as a waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut.New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $ 15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality.Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three.A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA).It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: 可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com

Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR.“We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour or increasing corpora giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for briding foreign officials,” says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR.Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies.But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.36.The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with

[A] tolerance

[B] skepticism

[C] uncertainty

[D] approval

【答案】[B]

【解析】观点态度题。题干问的是作者对有关CSR方面Milton Friedman的说法是什么态度。根据信号词Milton Friedman这个人定位到首段。注意题干问的是作者的看法，因此定位到第二句but转折处。But后句子的主干为：things may not be absolutely clear-cut，可见作者对Milton Friedman所说的内容并不完全赞同，故选择答案[B]项怀疑。[A]项容忍，[C]项不确定，[D]项赞同，这三项均不是作者的态度，故排除。

37.According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by

[A] winning trust from consumers.[B] guarding it against malpractices.[C] protecting it from being defamed.[D] raising the quality of its products.【答案】[A]

【解析】细节题。根据题干中的出处提示“Paragraph 2”定位到第二段第二句：This could add value to their businesses in three ways.This指的是CSR，根据接下来讲到的三点：第一点是，消费者认为这样的公司产品质量比较高；第二点是，顾客更愿意购买这样公司的产品；第三点是，通过一个更为广泛的“晕轮效应”，消费者会更多地考虑这样的公司的产品。可知，有CSR支出的公司会吸引更多的消费者，[A]项“赢得消费者的信任”，是对整个三点的总结，故为正确答案。[B]项 防止公司里的玩忽职守，[C]项 保护公司免受毁谤，[D]项 提升公司产品的质量，均在原文中未提及，故排除。

38.The expression “more lenient’(Line 2, Para.4)is closest in meaning to

[A] more effective

[B] less controversial

[C] less severe 可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com

[D] more lasting

【答案】[C]

【解析】猜词题。根据题干中的出处提示“line 2, para.4”及信号词“more lenient”定位到原文中的第四段第一句：The study found that...penalties。明显此句中more lenient 修饰 penalties(惩罚)，要想推测出more lenient的含义，需要知道被起诉的公司中，那些有着全面的CSR项目的公司和penalties 之间的联系。本项在第五段的最后一句最容易被看出来，第五段最后一句提到那些在CSR有较大投资的公司，当被起诉有贿赂行为时，所受到的罚金要比通常的罚金低40%左右，可知这样的公司会受到较轻的惩罚，故more lenient是较轻，即较不严重的意思，故选[C]项。[A]项 更有效的，[B]项 较少有争议的，[D]项 更持久的，这三项均不是more lenient的意思，故排除。

39.When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record

[A] has an impact on their decision.[B] comes across as reliable evidence.[C] increases the chance of being penalized.[D] constitutes part of the investigation.【答案】[A]

【解析】细节题。题干问的是 CSR record 与 prosecutors evaluate a case 的关系，根据题干中的信号词prosecutors evaluate a case可回文中定位到第五段第一句：In all...in CSR。这里的be influenced与[A]项 has an impact 对应，即一个公司的CSR会影响检察官对其案件的评估，故选[A]项。[B]项被检察官认为是可靠的证据，[C]项 增加了被惩罚的机会，[D]项 构成了调查的一部分，这三项均在原文中没有提及，故排除。

40.Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?

[A] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B] The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.【答案】[B]

【解析】判断题题干问的是根据最后一段，有关CSR的论述哪个是对的。定位到原文最后一段，根据其内容可知“研究人员承认到其研究没有回答如下问题：公司应该在CSR方面花费多少钱”。[B]项的意思是“公司在CSR方面的花费是未知的”，属于原文的同义替换，故正确。[A]项 CSR对公司的负面影响经常被忽视，[C]项 公司对CSR的经济承担力被过高估计了，[D]项 CSR给银行业带来了很多好处，这三项在文中均为提及，故排除。

第三篇：考研英语大纲解析之词汇篇

考研英语大纲解析之词汇篇

2014年9月13日发布的新大纲中,考生应掌握的单词数没有数量变化，依然为5500个左右，但是仍然突出了词根词缀法的重要性。词汇的变化不大反映出这些词汇在测试中对考生整体的英语水平的发挥影响不会有太大的。考研复习已经进入强化阶段，本文就此阶段的词汇复习的方法整理介绍给各位考生。距离考研还剩大概一百多天的时间，各位考生不要因为时间紧急就忽略了学习英语最基础的一个方面，也就是单词。就如大纲所言，一篇文章的生词量应不超过了3%，如果超过了这个界限，考生对这篇文章的理解会大打折扣，随之做题的准确率也就不能保证了，所以考生提提起对单词的重视。

跨考教育在线视频中提到的词根词缀记忆法是学习词汇最有效的方法，而且考研大纲对词根词缀的重视也逐渐加强所以在这个阶段，依然要继续巩固词根词缀记忆法，有计划、有目的的进行。学生到了这个时期，都一定背过一些单词，这时候应该有计划性地按照自己的进度来学习单词。其次，是要有重点的背。像一些已然掌握的词，每次背诵时只需浏览过去了，不要占用过多时间，掌握了的单词用途线划去，若是不太熟悉的单词，则需要反复记忆。还有一种词叫熟词生义，主要指那些我们以前学习过的熟词，这类词的某些意思我们已经掌握，但在考研词汇大纲中，它们又有了一些新的意义，如“school”这个单词已经考过“鱼群”、“学派”和“学校教育“的含义，又如，“passage”考过“乐段”这种在音乐里面常用的词语。最后一种是完全陌生的词，其中不乏一些四六级核心词汇。这就需要同学们下苦功夫，拿下这部分词汇。

那么学生在背诵这些单词时还需要掌握一些学习方法。单词也最好不要完全死记硬背的，死记硬背效果最差，印象不深，有些词即使背下来了也不会使用。大纲中也明确规定考生需要掌握一些常用的前后缀和词根。这就需要考生运用比较科学的词根词缀记忆法进行背诵。

建议学生在做考研真题的时候，背诵考题中出现的单词也是一种不错的方法，因为可以结合语境，易于了解单词用法。单词应每天都有规定的背诵量。在开始研究真题时，不要怕耽误时间，一定要做到面面俱到，可能一开始你一天只能充分背诵几个单词，但是东西积累多了之后你会发现，英语中很多单词、用法多是重复出现的，那么你所要查找积累的东西会变的越来越少，单词解决了，做题的速度和准确率就会大大增加。

第四篇：寒假作业英语必修一词汇复习答案

Unit 1:

一、1.communication 2.upset 3.situation 4.editor 5.cheating 6.teenagers 7.advice 8.natural 9.reason 10.feeling

二、1.adds up 2.face to face 3.habit 4.listed 5.points 6.reason 7.shared 8.suffer 9.gone through 10.concerns herself about with

三、1． Make an effort to do sth.2.according to 3.be crazy about 4.on holiday 5.be concerned about 6.calm down 7.get on along well badly with….8.have trouble with 9.go through 10.on purpose Unit 2:

一、1.actually 2.vocabulary 3.standard 4.Apartment 5.accent 6.subways 7.directions 8.modern 9.culture 10.present

二、1-5 CABBC 6-10 DACDB Unit 3:

一、1.requested 2.stubborn 3.properly 4.transported 5.finally

6.record 7.attitude 8.cycle 9.journals 10.familiar

二、1.change her mind 2.give in 3.be treated 4.are, familiar to 5.brought up 6.determined 7.dreamed 8.so far 9.altitudes 10.record Unit 4:

一、1.organizing 2.smelly 3.burst 4.disaster 5.Fresh 6.destroyed 7.useless 8.electricity 9.Judging 10.injured

二、1-5 CCBBC 6-10 DAACA

三、1． right away 2.at an end 3.be proud of 4.a(large)number of 5.give out Unit 5:

一、1.Quality 2.continued 3.educated 4.reward 5.violence 6.cruelty 7.vote 8.position 9.active 10.prison

二、1.advised;on 2.are out of work 3.lose heart 4.Believe in;believe

5.set up 6.has;been worried about 7.can;realize 8.in trouble 9.coming to power 10.is willing to help

第五篇：2012年1月考研英语一答案

2012年1月考研英语一答案(完整版)

完形填空

1.B.maintain

2.A.when

3.B.weakened

4.D.accepted

5.C.bound

6.B.subject

7.D.applies

8.B.raise

9.A.line

10.B.as

11.A.so

12.C.upset

13.C.cultivate

14.D.tied

15.A.concepts

16.C.shapes

17.A.dismissed

18.C.address

19.D.accountable

20.D.as a result

阅读理解

Text 1

21.D a cause of undesirable behaviors

22.B learn from advertisers’experience

23.A adequately probe social and biological factors

24.C occurs without our realizing it

25.Dquestionable

Text 2

26.C dishonoring.27.A obtain protection from Vermont regulators.28.A managerial practices.29.B the mature of states’ patchwork regulations.30.B the authority of the NRC will be defied.Text 3

31.A uncertainty and complexity.32.A strict inspection.33.B has been examined by the scientific community.34.D scientific work calls for a critical mind.35.D Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.[键入文字]声明：本资料由考试吧（Exam8.com）收集整理，转载请注明出自

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Text 4

36.C unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.37.D Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.38.B indirectly augmented.39.C may be a barrier to public-sector reforms.40.A disapproval.Part B

41.C Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every

day.42.D This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between

downloading and uploadingwhose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.43.A Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human.Downloading and consuming culture requires great

skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining

constituent of humanity.44.F One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium

-television-and television is defined by downloading.45.G The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.翻译

46.在物理学领域，有一种方法将这种“万物归一的冲动”推向了极致，它试图探寻到能解 释一切的，最底层的公式。

47.在这一点上，达尔文学说似乎给人们提供了准则，如果所有人种同宗同源，那么“文 化多样性也能追溯到更为单一的源头”的假定也就不无道理了。

48.将偶发的和独特的从这些共性中筛除掉能够让我们了解文化行为的复杂起源以及是什么

在发展中或认知过程中指导我们。

49.第二，乔舒亚·格林贝格采用了一个更加经验主义的方法来解释普遍性;他认为许多语言 都共有特性，(尤其是在语序上);这些特性被认为代表了由认知限制所带来的偏见;

50.乔姆斯基的语法应该表现了语言改变的模式，该模式是独立于家谱也独立于贯穿家谱的 路径，而格林伯根的统一性理论则预言了不同种语序关系乊间的强烈的相互依存性。写作

小作文

Dear friends,On behalf of the Students’ Union, I am writing to extend my warm welcome to all the

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international students that are coming to our university.I firmly believe that your entering our university will bring us new ideas from different cultures and promote communication.Also, we have some suggestions before you come to our university.As you all know, we have a great much free time in college and the teachers don’t oversee us strictly.Therefore, it is recommended that you can arrange your time properly and avoid being indulged in computer games, etc.Moreover, in order to make yourselves quickly adjusted

to our campus life, it would be of great help if you can learn Chinese as well as you can.Last but not the least, it is necessary to take part in some activities so that you can improve your communication abilities and expand horizon.We are looking forward to seeing you soon and wish everything goes well.Yours sincerely

Li Ming

大作文

As is shown in the picture above, two men react in completely opposite ways when faced

with the same event: A bottle fell off on the ground, and the wine inside spilt out.One is smiling, feeling glad that he still has the rest half of the wine while the other is sighing in great desperation saying that “everything screwed up!”

The cartoon tells us that being optimistic and being pessimistic are two different

attitudes towards life.Faced with a challenge, a pessimistic person may feel gloomy and distressed.He considers himself powerless, and complains about it all day long, refusing even to have a try before giving it up in the end.An optimistic person, however, may adopt an entirely different approach.He may not regard the challenge as something that

bad;instead, he takes it as an excellent opportunity to display his abilities and talent.As an old saying goes, “The way you perceive the world will determine your way to cope with it.”

In my point of view, though it is natural that we encounter challenges of one kind

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