视译介绍

第一篇：视译介绍

视译（Sight Interpreting）|何为视译?

视译(sight interpreting)是指同传译员拿着讲话人的发言稿，边听发言、边看原稿、边进行同声传译。视译也被称为“有稿同传”(Simultaneous Interpreting with Text)

同声传译中的视译一般有以下几种情况：(1)会议的组织者既提供发言的原稿同时也提供发言的译语稿；(2)会议的组织者只提供发言的原稿；(3)会议的组织者提供发言人讲稿的提纲或幻灯片。

视译是同声传译中经常使用的一种翻译方式，也是同声传译训练不可逾越的一个阶段，一般的同声传译训练都是从注意力的分配训练(如影子跟读联系)到视译然后再过渡到无稿同声传译。

如何对视译进行准备工作?

无论是以上哪一种情况，译员都应该在拿到相关材料后认真按口译的译前准备工作要求认真准备。视译中有源语与译语稿件的情况非常少，即便在两稿都有的情况下，也要认真准备，不能掉以轻心，因为发言人因为发言时间的限制或现场情况的变化，很可能在阅读发言稿时跳过一些段落，或在报告中间增加一些内容。还有的发言者可能会临时更换了发言稿。为了应付这些意外，有经验的译员经常使用阿拉伯数字简单地将两种稿子对应落标记清楚，在翻译过程中可以清楚地识别发言的进度。

通常会议提供的发言稿是单语的。在时间充裕的情况下，可以先把稿件中的难点(词语、语句等)事先笔译出来，把原稿做一定的语篇分析与分隔(Segmentation)，这样在翻译的时候就可以做到胸有成竹了。也可以在时间来不及或译员对稿件的内容较有把握的情况下，在稿子上做一些“标识”(markers)，即用诸如箭头、五角星、线条等各种笔记符号有重点地标出源语发言人的思路及语篇标识，把需要下工夫才能译好的重要语段“标”出来，把关键的词语(如术语、机构名称、职务头衔等)先译出来。如果时间允许的话还应该重点译一下一些难译的句子和语段。

如果发言稿在会议开始前才送来，又是在短时间内通过跳读(skimming)与寻读(scanning)都无法看完的长稿，译员可以简单看一下大意，重点看一下引言和结尾。如果碰巧有时问还可以把引言与结尾中出现的重要词语翻译一下。这是因为，准备引言的内容可以帮助译员建立翻译的语境，而准备结尾中的内容则可以帮助译员了解发言中的重点内容。另外，译好引言与结尾也容易给听众留下良好的印象，给译员的工作带来信任感和信心。

在原稿并无参考价值的情况下，可以忽略原稿，把精力集中在无稿同声传译的技术工作中，利用口译笔记等，进行无稿同传。

口译的视译准备工作有时要在口译箱中进行，译员可以事先准备好词典(或词条较多的电子词典)对那些较难同时有反映重要信息的词语进行一定程度的准备。但一般由合作伙伴负责查找难词、生词，而且除了非查不可的词汇，一般尽量不查词典，以免分散注意力。

译员在准备过程中如果发现讲稿实在难以理解、过于深奥或冷僻的地方，在时间允许的情况下，最好能请教一下演讲人或有相关专业知识的人。在国际会议中，译员对于遇到的特殊的观念、思想、概念等，一定要虚心请教，不能望文生意。如何练习视译

在练习时，第一步可以找一些有译文的发言稿，边听发言录音，边做‘‘同声传读”。逐渐过渡到脱离译稿只看原文进行口译。视译时可以用很短时间对原文通读一次，了解发言的主要内容并对语言、专业难点做“译前准备”。

视译训练的要求则是边看稿边进行口头翻译，要尽量做到意思准确、用词贴切。视译其实是翻译在日常工作中经常会碰到的工作，因为有很多场合对方的书面发言稿是在活动开始前的最后一刻才迟迟出现的，翻译根本没有充裕的时间事先将其翻成中文，只能在对方念稿的同时匆匆地浏览一下文章的内容。在视译训练中最大的问题就是中外文句子结构差异悬殊，用外文的句子结构翻中文必然会显得不伦不类，因此就必需在平时多加训练，掌握好视译过程中中外文互换的问题。

第二篇：视译材料

China is Australia’s Land of Opportunity

On January 31, 2014, the Chinese ambassador to Australia MA Zhaoxu published in The Australian Financial Review a signed article with the title of ―China is Australia‘s land of opportunity‖.The full text is as follows:

Last week China released economic data for 2013, which shows GDP grew by 7.7 per cent, a mid-to-high growth rate in global terms.More than 13 million new urban jobs were created, more than in any previous year.Total imports approached $US2 trillion.Overseas direct investment by Chinese enterprises exceeded $US90 billion.Given the lingering international financial crisis, the unrecovered world economy and China‘s effort of economic restructuring, such a ―score report‖ is a hard-won achievement.Moreover, with uncertainties in the global economy and unusual sensitivities of the international market to macro-policy developments in major economies, China‘s stable fiscal and monetary policies as well as reasonable liquidity have sent a clear signal of stability to international market expectations.This is an act of responsibility by China in the interest of the world economy.The figures also mean an upgrading of China‘s economic growth and show that huge opportunities may arise for the global and the Australian economy.China‘s service sector accounted for 46.1 per cent of the country‘s GDP in 2013, up from 44.6 per cent in 2012, outperforming the industrial sector for the first time.The service sector has become a new growth engine, setting economic growth on a healthier, long-term trajectory.China-Australia co-operation in the service sector is moving forward fast.China has been Australia‘s largest export market for service products for three years in a row.Our two-way trade in services reached $8.5 billion and Australia exported $6.7 billion worth of service products to China in 2012-2013.China is Australia‘s largest source of international students, second-largest source of inbound tourists as well as the fastest-growing inbound tourism market.Far-sighted Australian enterprises have been capitalising on opportunities provided by the new momentum.ANZ won approval for a sub-branch in the Shanghai Free Trade Zone last November.Andrew Whitford, Westpac‘s head of Greater China, said Australian companies should establish themselves in the new zone as there are ―enormous opportunities‖.In 2013, the GDP of central and western parts of China was 44 per cent of China‘s total, up by 0.2 per cent on the previous year.The per capita net income of rural residents grew by 9.3 per cent in real terms, 2.3 per cent higher than that of urban residents.The income gap between urban and rural residents shrank from 3.10 in 2012 to 3.03.This trend for four consecutive years is a sign that regional development disparity has been easing, unleashing huge market potential for the vast hinterland areas.Australian enterprises have been increasingly active in the development of central and western China, which will help Australia gain a head start in China‘s economic restructuring.Despite a softening of its economy, with 2013 growth the same as 2012, China still has robust demand for Australian energy and resources.China‘s economic aggregate is now on a much larger base than before, with a GDP of US$9.18 trillion, the second largest economy for four years running.A larger, better-quality and more stable Chinese economy will bring even more opportunities to the world.The urbanisation rate rose by 1.16 per cent to 53.73 per cent in 2013 which shows China still has a large demand for infrastructure building.China‘s outbound trade and investment will continue to expand with outbound investment expected to reach $US500 billion over five years.This is good news to Australian businesses in energy, resources and agriculture.This year is going to be vital to world economic recovery.It will also be an important year for upgrading China-Australia economic ties.Both nations should work together to seize new opportunities and fully tap co-operation potential.澳大利亚经济的新机遇

2014年1月31日，中国驻澳大利亚大使马朝旭在当地主流媒体《澳大利亚金融评论报》发表题为《澳大利亚经济的新机遇》的署名文章。全文如下：

上周中国国家统计局发布数据显示，2013年中国国内生产总值（GDP）增长了7.7%。这个数字从全球范围看，保持了中高速增长。全年城镇新增就业人数超过1300万，是历年最多的。去年中国进口额接近2万亿美元，中国企业对外直接投资也超过了900亿美元。这一成绩来之不易，是在国际金融危机余波未平、世界经济尚待复苏和中国经济转型升级的背景下产生的。在世界经济不确定因素较多、国际市场对主要经济体宏观政策动向异常敏感的情况下，中国稳定财政、货币政策，保持合理的流动性，向国际市场发出了明确的稳定预期的信号，这也是中国对世界经济发展的负责任之举。

新公布的数据也释放出中国经济增长结构优化，以及这种转变对世界和澳大利亚经济带来巨大机遇的积极信息。根据中国国家统计局的数据，第三产业占中国GDP比重从2012年的44.6%上升为2013年46.1%，首次超过以工业、采矿业、建筑业为代表的第二产业。中国的经济已由过去依靠制造业的“单轮驱动”发展到如今制造业、服务业双增长的“双轮驱动”，服务业正成为中国经济长期持续健康发展与优化升级的新引擎和新动力。中澳服务业合作正处于快速发展时期。中国已连续3年成为澳最大的服务产品出口市场。2012-2013财年双边服务贸易近85.3亿澳元，其中，澳对华出口66.6亿澳元。中国已成为澳大利亚最大的留学生来源国、第二大海外游客来源国，也是增长最快的旅客市场。一些有战略眼光的澳大利亚企业已经敏锐捕捉到了商机。澳新银行在去年11月正式登陆上海自贸区。西太银行（Westpac）大中华区总裁魏安德（Andrew Whitford）认为，澳洲企业应当考虑将进驻上海新自贸区作为与中国投资者产生联系的一种方式。

2013年，中国中西部地区GDP总量占全国的44.4%，比2012年提高0.2个百分点。中国农村居民人均纯收入实际增长9.3%，比城镇居民人均可支配收入实际增速高2.3个百分点，增速连续四年快于城镇，城乡居民人均收入倍差由上年的3.10缩小为3.03。这些数据表明长期困扰中国经济发展的城乡失衡、区域失衡问题正得到逐步缓解，中国庞大的中西部和农村市场潜力正不断释放。我们看到，澳企业正日益积极地参与到中国西部地区的发展中来。我相信这将帮助澳在中国经济转型中占得先机。

中国对澳能源资源等需求依然强劲稳健。尽管2013年中国经济增速与2012年持平，较过去有所下降，但总体增量却比以前要大得多。中国GDP总量已经达到9.18万亿美元，连续4年成为世界第二大经济体。一个总量更大、增长质量更高、增长速度更稳的中国经济将为世界、为澳大利亚带来更多机遇。2013年，中国城镇化率同比提高1.16%，达53.73%，并有望在未来十年保持年均1.2%的提升速度。中国仍需进行大量的基础设施建设。同时，中国对外贸易与投资不断扩大，未来五年，中国对外投资规模将达到5000亿美元。这对于澳能源资源的开发与出口、农产品国际市场的开拓等，无疑都是好消息。

2014年是世界经济走向复苏的重要年份，也是中澳经贸合作升级发展的关键一年。中澳双方应该携手努力，发掘合作潜力，为两国人民带来更多实实在在的利益。

Secretary-General’s Message Calling for the Observance of the Olympic Truce for the Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in Sochi, Russian Federation, 7-23 February & 7-16

March 2014

New York, 31 January 2014

On the eve of the Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in Sochi, I join the International Olympic Committee in calling on all those engaged in armed hostilities around the world to lay down their weapons and observe the Olympic Truce.The participants in the Sochi Games may carry the flags of many nations, but they come together under the shared banner of equality, fair play, mutual respect and non-discrimination.I encourage all those involved in the games—Governments, groups, organizations and individuals—to uphold and defend these core Olympic ideals.In calling for this year‘s Truce, my thoughts are with the people of Syria, the Central African Republic, South Sudan and all others suffering from senseless violence, including the families who lost loved ones in the recent bombings that took place in Volgograd, not far from Sochi.I call on all combatants everywhere to respect the Olympic Truce, which has been adopted by all 193 United Nations Member States.Overcoming conflict is a constant struggle—but we must persist in doing our utmost to win adherence to it.The Olympic Truce is rooted in the hope that if people and nations can put aside their differences for one day, they can build on that to establish more lasting cease-fires and find paths towards durable peace, prosperity and human rights.For these next few weeks, may the torch of the Olympic and Paralympic Games in Sochi remind us what is possible when nations unite.呼吁在冬季奥运会和残奥会期间遵守奥林匹克休战致辞

2014年2月7日至23日和3月7日至16日在俄罗斯联邦索契举行

在索契冬季奥运会和残奥会前夕，我和国际奥林匹克委员会一道，呼吁世界各地武装敌对行动的参与方放下武器，遵守奥林匹克休战。

世界各国运动员和工作人员，高举平等、公平竞争、相互尊重和互不歧视的旗帜，前来索契参加冬奥会和残奥会。我鼓励各国政府、团体、组织和个人等参加冬运会的各个方面，坚持并捍卫奥林匹克的核心理想。

在今年发出奥林匹克休战呼吁之际，我想到了叙利亚、中非共和国、南苏丹三国人民，想到了其他所有遭受无谓暴力的人民和家庭，想到了最近在伏尔加格勒爆炸袭击中失去亲人的家庭。

联合国193个会员国通过了奥林匹克休战专项决议，我呼吁世界各地的所有战斗人员尊重奥林匹克休战。消除冲突固然无法一蹴而就，但是我们必须竭尽全力遵守奥林匹克休战。

奥林匹克休战的理念深深扎根于世界人民的希望之中，即如果各族人民和各个国家能够克服分歧，哪怕只有一天的时间，也能够建立起更加持久的奥林匹克休战，并找到实现持久和平、繁荣和人权的道路。我希望索契冬奥会和残奥会的火炬，在未来数周的时间里时刻提醒我们，如果世界各国能够齐心协力，那么世界上的任何挑战都是可以战胜的。

Statement by Secretary Kerry on 2014 Lunar New Year

January 31, 2014

On behalf of President Obama and the American people, I am delighted to extend best wishes to the many people around the world who celebrate the arrival of the Lunar New Year on January 31.In this festive time, we should all take a moment to pause and reflect on the shared humanity that ties us together – not just here in America, but around the world.As a Pacific nation, the United States is deeply committed to strengthening our partnerships throughout the Asia-Pacific.That‘s why President Obama recently announced the Young Southeast Asian Leaders Initiative.That‘s why we‘re investing in the Fulbright Program.And that‘s why we‘re deepening our economic cooperation, improving regional security, and advancing mutual understanding across cultures, faiths, and nations.As millions around the world welcome the Year of the Horse, the United States sends heartfelt wishes for good health and prosperity.May the New Year bring ever greater cooperation in pursuit of our common goals.国务卿约翰·克里（John Kerry）2014阴历新年声明

2014年1月31日

我很高兴代表欧巴马总统和美国人民向世界各地在1月31日庆祝阴历新年的众多人民表示最良好的祝愿。

在节日到来之际，我们应该利用这个机会思考把我们联系在一起的共同人性—不仅在美国，而且在全世界。

作为一个太平洋国家，美国高度承诺加强我们在整个亚太地区的伙伴关系。正是因为如此，欧巴马总统不久前宣布了“东南亚青年领袖行动计划”（Young Southeast Asian Leaders Initiative）。正是因为如此，我们正为富布赖特项目（Fulbright Program）投入资源。正是因为如此，我们正在深化我们的经济合作，加强地区安全，促进与各种文化、信仰和国家的相互理解。

值此全世界各地千百万人迎来马年（Year of the Horse）之际，美国衷心祝愿诸位身体健康，兴旺发达。愿新的一年为我们实现共同目标促成更大程度的合作。

Secretary-General’s Message on International Day of Zero Tolerance to Female Genital

Mutilation February 2014

As Secretary-General of the United Nations, I hold high the banner of empowering women and girls, promoting their health and defending their rights.The International Day of Zero-Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation is an opportunity to confront this persistent problem – and to find hope in initiatives proving that it can end.We should strive to preserve the best in any culture, and leave harm behind.There is no developmental, religious or health reason to cut or mutilate any girl or woman.Although some would argue that this is a ‗tradition,‘ we must recall that slavery, socalled honour killings and other inhumane practices have been defended with the same weak argument.Just because a harmful practice has long existed does not justify its continuation.All ‗traditions‘ that demean, dehumanize and injure are human rights violations that must be actively opposed until they are ended.FGM causes grave harm to individuals.The immediate and long-term health consequences include constant pain, infections, incontinence and sometimes deadly complications in pregnancy and childbirth.The practice is declining in almost all countries but it is still frighteningly widespread.Although firm statistics are difficult to obtain, it is estimated that more than 125 million girls and women alive today have been cut in 29 countries in Africa and the Middle East, where FGM is most prevalent and data exist.If current trends continue, some 86 million young girls worldwide are likely to experience some form of the practice by 2030.Asia, Europe, North America and other regions are not spared and must be equally vigilant in addressing the problem.Fortunately there are positive signs of progress in our global push to end this harmful practice.Girls themselves instinctively understand the dangers of being cut, and many mothers who have seen or experienced the trauma want to shield their daughters from suffering.It is encouraging that an increasing number of communities are coming together and agreeing publically to end FGM and ensure a better life for their girls.Recently, Uganda, Kenya and Guinea-Bissau adopted laws to end FGM.In Ethiopia, those responsible have been arrested, tried and penalized, with full media coverage further raising public awareness.The United Nations and our partners are engaged in valuable, culturally sensitive activities that aim to stop FGM without scolding or shame.In Sudan, we are seeing social change from a campaign called ―Saleema,‖ the Arabic word that implies complete, intact, whole and untouched.One father moved by the effort who decided to leave his daughters uncut explained simply, ―A girl is born Saleema, so leave her Saleema.‖ Hundreds of communities have embraced this initiative, expressing their support through songs, poetry and clothes in the campaign‘s trademark bright colours.Other countries are emulating Saleema or coming up with solutions tailored to their local needs, such as Kenya, where Meru community elders have prohibited FGM and vow to impose a fine on anyone who conducts or abets the practice

In addition to prevention, the United Nations is working with partners to help those who have been affected by FGM.Pioneering medical advances now allow doctors to repair women‘s bodies and restore their health.I recall the words of one physician working in Burkina Faso who described ―the relief that overwhelms women‖ following the surgery, which she said is 100 per cent effective.The many women who lack the resources needed to travel to the right facilities and the programmes that offer proper treatment deserve generous support.The General Assembly‘s landmark resolution proclaiming this commemorative Day was sponsored by every country in Africa and embraced by the entire membership of the United Nations.This breakthrough shows the great value of the United Nations in rising as one to defend universal human rights.Now our challenge is to give real meaning to this Day by using it to generate public support, trigger legal and practical advances, and help girls and women at risk of or affected by FGM.The effect on individuals will be profound, sparing them pain and spurring their success.The benefits will reverberate across society as these girls and women thrive and contribute to a better future for all.残割女性生殖器零容忍国际日致辞

2014年2月6日

“保存文化精华，扬弃有害做法”

我作为联合国秘书长，要大张旗鼓地增强妇女和女童的权能，推动维护她们的健康，捍卫她们的权利。残割女性生殖器零容忍国际日为我们提供了机会，来正视这个长期问题，通过各种证明可以解决问题的举措来找到希望。

我们应努力保存文化精华，扬弃有害做法。

无论残割任何女童或妇女，都没有任何成长、宗教或健康方面的理由。虽然有些人争辩说，这是一个“传统”，但我们必须提醒人们，这个苍白无力的理由也同样被用来为蓄奴、所谓名誉杀人和其他不人道做法辩解。不能仅仅因为一个有害的做法存在多年，就以此为理由把它继续下去。所有侮辱人格、把人不当人和伤害人的“传统”都是侵犯人权，必须积极予以反对，直至将其杜绝。

残割女性生殖器的行为给个人造成严重伤害。立即出现和长期的健康后果包括持续疼痛、感染、失禁，有时还会在怀孕和分娩期间导致致命的并发症。

这个做法正在几乎所有国家逐渐减少，但仍令人非常不安地普遍存在。虽然难以获得确凿的统计数字，但据估计，在盛行残割女性生殖器而且可以得到数据的29个非洲和中东国家，当今生活着1.25亿以上受过残割的女童和妇女。如果当前的趋势继续下去，到2030年，世界各地很可能又有大约8 600万年幼的女童遭受某种形式的残割。亚洲、欧洲、北美和其他地区也未幸免，必须同样保持警惕，解决这个问题。

幸运的是，我们为推动结束这个有害做法而开展的全球努力出现了积极的进展迹象。女童们自己本能地懂得残割的危险，很多曾亲眼目睹或亲身遭受这种残害的母亲也希望保护自己的女儿，使其免于苦难。我们感到鼓舞地看到，正有越来越多的社区齐心协力，公开同意结束残割女性生殖器的做法，确保本社区的女童享有更美好的人生。

最近，乌干达、肯尼亚和几内亚比绍通过了法律，结束残割女性生殖器的做法。在埃塞俄比亚，那些应承担罪责的人受到逮捕、审判和惩罚，而且媒体做了全面报道，以提高公众的认识。

联合国和我们的合作伙伴们正在开展意义重大和注意文化特点的活动，争取不横加指责或羞辱地制止残割女性生殖器的做法。

在苏丹，称为“沙利玛”的宣传运动正带来社会变化，阿拉伯语的这个词意味着完整无缺、完美如初。有一个父亲为这项努力所感动，决定不让自己的女儿受到残割，他的解释很简单：“女孩生下来是完美的，应该让她永远完美”。成百上千的社区接受了这个倡议，谱写歌曲和诗歌，并用在这次宣传运动中作为标志的鲜艳色彩做成衣服，来表示支持。其他一些国家效仿了沙利玛运动的办法，或是想出了适合本地情况的解决办法。例如，在肯尼亚，梅鲁社区的长老们已经禁止残割女性生殖器，并誓言对任何施行这个做法的人或教唆者处以罚款。

除了预防之外，联合国正与合作伙伴们一道努力，帮助那些受害于残割女性生殖器做法的人。现在，医学的开拓性进展使得医生们能够修复女性的身体，恢复她们的健康。一个在布基纳法索工作的医生曾形容，妇女们在经过手术之后如何“因痛苦的解除而激动不已”。她说，这一手术达到100%见效。很多缺乏必要资源，无法前往正确的设施和方案接受适当治疗的妇女应该得到慷慨资助。

宣布这一纪念日的重要大会决议的提案国包括了每一个非洲国家，决议得到联合国全体会员国的支持。这一突破显示了联合国通过一体行动，捍卫世界人权所产生的巨大作用。我们现在面对的挑战是使这个纪念日实际收效，为此利用这项活动来争取全体公众支持，促成法律和实践方面的进步，并帮助那些有可能或已经受害于残割女性生殖器做法的女童和妇女。

这将使个人受到深刻的影响，让她们免于痛苦，促使她们取得成功。随着这些女童和妇女茁壮成长，为所有人的更美好未来做出贡献，整个社会都将受益。

China is Australia’s Land of Opportunity On January 31, 2014, the Chinese ambassador to Australia MA Zhaoxu published in The Australian Financial Review a signed article with the title of ―China is Australia‘s land of opportunity‖.The full text is as follows:

2014年1月31日，中国驻澳大利亚大使马朝旭在当地主流媒体《澳大利亚金融评论报》发表题为《澳大利亚经济的新机遇》的署名文章。全文如下：

Remembering the Past, Safeguarding the Future

By John Kerry

―It was so terrible.It was hard for the mind to absorb it.‖ Those were the words of U.S.Master Sergeant Marvin Josephs as he entered Buchenwald on April 12, 1945, along with military chaplain Rabbi Herschel Schachter.Decades later, Josephs still remembered vividly the words ―You‘re free‖ reverberating from Rabbi Schachter‘s bullhorn.He remembered seeing the crematoria and the house of the commandant and his notorious wife, Ilse Koch, the ―Beast of Buchenwald.‖ Above all, he remembered the survivors—emaciated and tortured—coming forward at the sound of the rabbi‘s bullhorn.The scenes of liberated prisoners were so overwhelming that Gen.Dwight D.Eisenhower ordered every man in the U.S.4th Armored Division to walk the grounds of Buchenwald.Josephs immediately understood why: ―He didn‘t want people to ever deny what happened.‖

Nearly 70 years after World War Two ended, 70 years after the world‘s collective horror at the Holocaust, anti-Semitism remains a global menace.It is not enough to remember the millions of innocent lives lost in one of the darkest chapters in all of world history.We must reaffirm our vow never to forget the evil that comes from bigotry and intolerance and turn that commitment into action.Many of us in the United States have personal and family connections to this difficult history —and to the cause of action now.My brother‘s interest in our family‘s genealogy took him back to the Czech Republic just months ago to learn more about the history of ancestors we had never even heard about until the last decade, stories of a great uncle Otto and his sister Jenni who perished in the Holocaust.I‘ll never forget, on my first trip to Berlin as Secretary of State, meeting with a group of young Germans.They told me something I never knew about the city where I‘d spent time growing up in the aftermath of World War Two.Throughout the city, they‘ve placed ―stumbling stones‖ to mark where Jews were murdered in the streets and other victims of the Holocaust.Every day, passers-by remember what happened—and equally important—they never forget or deny it.Holocaust Remembrance Day calls us to condemn anti-Semitism in every form—whether it‘s the disturbing rise of xenophobic and anti-Semitic parties in Europe or the uptick of violence against Jewish people anywhere in the world.The EU‘s Agency for Fundamental Rights 2013 Report on Anti-Semitism underscores the stakes.One third of those surveyed experienced some form of anti-Semitic harassment over the past five years, with 26 percent enduring verbal assault or harassment over the past year alone— just because they were Jewish.What‘s more, 4 percent reported physical violence and 23 percent said they avoid Jewish events or sites because they don‘t feel safe.Of course, the numbers don‘t tell the full story.In Italy, police are tracking down the culprit who sent pig heads last week to Rome‘s Grand Synagogue, the Israeli Embassy, and a museum sponsoring a Holocaust exhibit.In Romania, a government-owned television channel aired a profoundly anti-Semitic Christmas song, which claimed that Jews are only good ―in the chimney as smoke.‖

If these acts of hate don‘t hit you in the gut, I don‘t know what will.If this isn‘t a call to action, I don‘t know what is.We need to be forceful about what is right and what is wrong.But we also need to work to recognize our common humanity in others, and to start the conversations that will help others recognize ours.That‘s why the Obama Administration has launched the Atrocities Prevention Board.That‘s why we‘re working hand in glove with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum‘s Center for the Prevention of Genocide so that we can detect and highlight this global scourge.And that‘s why, last year, Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism Ira Forman and President Obama‘s Special Envoy to the Organization of Islamic Cooperation Rashad Hussain joined an historic interfaith visit to the concentration camps at Dachau and Auschwitz-Birkenau.The United States is committed to having the difficult conversations across cultures and religions that can actually change people‘s opinions.Pope Francis calls it ―the dialogue of life,‖ and we reaffirm today that there are indeed millions of lives that depend on it.We—each of us—have a responsibility to stand up and affirm human dignity.In an interconnected world, anti-Semitism that goes unanswered anywhere is a threat to people everywhere.That is a collective challenge we all face in the 21st century.记住历史，保卫未来

约翰·克里

1945年4月12日，美军军士长（Master Sergeant）马文·约瑟夫斯（Marvin Josephs）与随军牧师赫歇尔·沙克特（Herschel Schachter）拉比走进布痕瓦尔德（Buchenwald）时说：“太可怕了。令人难以置信。”

历经数十载后，约瑟夫斯依然清楚地记得从沙克特拉比的扩音器中传出的“你们自由了”这句余音不绝的话语。他记得当时看到的焚尸房以及那里的指挥官和他外号“布痕瓦尔德的野兽”（Beast of Buchenwald）的臭名昭著的妻子伊尔斯·科赫（Ilse Koch）的住房。他记得最清楚的则是那些幸存者——瘦骨嶙峋、备受折磨——听到拉比的喊话后走上前来。

解放囚犯的场面极如此震撼人心，使得德怀特·艾森豪威尔（Dwight D.Eisenhower）将军命令美军第4装甲师（4th Armored Division）的每一个人在布痕瓦尔德集中营里走一遭。约瑟夫斯立刻领会了他的用意：“他不想让人们有朝一日否认所发生的一切。”

第二次世界大战（World War Two）结束近70年后，在全世界一同经历了大屠杀的恐怖的70年之后，反犹太主义（anti-Semitism）依然是一项全球性威胁。仅仅缅怀在整个世界历史上最黑暗的一个时期中丧生的数百万无辜生命是不够的。我们必须重申我们的誓言——永远不忘偏执和不宽容所造成的邪恶，并将这个承诺化为行动。

我们美国的很多人与这段惨痛的历史——以及当前的行动路线——有着个人和家庭的联系。出于对我们家族家谱的兴趣，我的兄弟数月前刚去过捷克共和国，更多地了解了直到上个10年我们还从未听说过的祖先的历史，一位名叫奥托（Otto）的叔伯祖父和他的姐妹詹妮（Jenni）死于大屠杀的故事。

我永远不会忘记在我作为国务卿首次出访柏林（Berlin）时与一批年轻德国人的会面。他们告诉我一些我从未听说过的有关该城市的事情，而我是在二次大战后在那里长大的。他们在整个城市放置了“绊脚石”，以标出犹太人和大屠杀的其他受害者当街被杀害的位置。每天，过路的人都会记住发生过什么——同样重要的是——他们永远不会忘记或否认发生过的事。

国际大屠杀纪念日（International Holocaust Remembrance Day）敦促我们谴责各种形式的反犹太主义——不论是欧洲的仇外和反犹太党派令人不安的抬头，还是世界任何地方针对犹太人的暴力的升级。

欧盟（EU）基本权利局（Agency for Fundamental Rights）发布的《2013年反犹太主义报告》（2013 Report on Anti-Semitism）突显了种种风险。接受调查的人中有三分之一在过去五年中经历过某种形式的反犹太人的骚扰，单在过去一年里就有26%的人遭受过言语攻击或骚扰——仅仅因为他们是犹太人。

此外，4%的人报告遭到人身暴力，23%的人表示由于感到不安全，他们避免参加犹太人的活动或去相关的地点。

当然，这些数字只是冰山一角。

在意大利，警方正在追查上周把猪头送至位于罗马的犹太会堂（Grand Synagogue）、以色列大使馆（Israeli Embassy）以及举办大屠杀展览的一家博物馆的罪犯。

在罗马尼亚，一家政府拥有的电视台播放了一首极度反犹太人的圣诞歌曲，歌曲唱道，犹太人只配当“烟囱中的烟”。

如果这些仇恨行为不令人痛心疾首的话，我不知道还有什么会。如果这不能促使我们采取行动，我不知道还有什么能。

我们必须更坚决地阐明是非。但我们也必须努力认识到他人与我们的共同人性，并开启帮助他人认识到我们拥有的共同人性的对话。

正因为如此，欧巴马政府（Obama Administration）发起了防止暴行委员会（Atrocities Prevention Board）。正因为如此，我们正在与美国大屠杀遇难者纪念馆（United States Holocaust Memorial Museum）防止种族灭绝中心（Center for the Prevention of Genocide）密切合作，以便能够发现并曝光这一全球性祸患。

也正因为如此，去年，监控及打击反犹太主义活动特使（Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism）艾拉·福曼（Ira Forman）与欧巴马总统派驻伊斯兰合作组织的特使（Special Envoy to the Organization of Islamic Cooperation）拉沙德·侯赛因（Rashad Hussain）参加了不同宗教团体一同对达豪（Dachau）和奥斯威辛-比克瑙（Auschwitz-Birkenau）集中营进行的具有历史意义的跨宗教访问。

美国致力于进行能真正改变人们观念的跨文化和跨宗教的艰难对话。教皇弗朗西斯（Pope Francis）将其称为“生命对话”（dialogue of life）。我们今天重申，确实有数百万的生命有赖于此。

我们——我们中的每一个人——都有责任坚决重申人类的尊严。在一个互连互通的世界上，反犹太主义若在任何一个地方肆虐，便会对所有地方的人民构成威胁。这是我们在21世纪共同面临的挑战。

Secretary-General’s Message on International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the

Victims of the Holocaust January 2013

Every year on the anniversary of the liberation of the Auschwitz concentration camp, we commemorate the victims of the Holocaust.We recall the suffering of millions of innocent people, and highlight the perils of anti-Semitism and hatred of any kind.This year we focus on journeys through the Holocaust – and I recall a recent journey of my own.Last November, I walked through the infamous ―arbeit macht frei‖ gate at Auschwitz-Birkenau.I will never forget my visit.I saw the horrific remnants of the machinery of genocide, as well as moving images of European Jewish life in the 1930s--weddings, family meals, rituals, other scenes of simple daily life--all extinguished through systematic murder unique in human history.I saw the barracks where Jews, Roma, Sinti, homosexuals, dissidents, prisoners of war and persons with disabilities spent their final days in the most brutal conditions.The United Nations was founded to prevent any such horror from happening again.Yet tragedies from Cambodia to Rwanda to Srebrenica show that the poison of genocide still flows.We must be ever vigilant against bigotry, extremist ideologies, communal tensions and discrimination against minorities.And we must teach our children well.The Holocaust and the United Nations Outreach Programme has developed effective educational materials and strong partnerships that help convey these lessons to students around the world.Standing near the crematorium at Auschwitz, I felt deeply saddened by all that had happened within.But I was also inspired by all those who liberated the death camps for all humanity.Let us join forces today on a shared journey to a world of equality and dignity for all.缅怀大屠杀受难者国际纪念日致辞

2014年1月27日

每年在解放奥斯威辛集中营的纪念日，我们都缅怀大屠杀受难者。我们回顾千百万无辜人的痛苦，并强调反犹太主义和任何仇恨的危险。

今年，我们侧重于了解大屠杀的旅行，我要回顾最近的一次旅行。

去年11月，我走过了在奥斯威辛-比克瑙的臭名昭著的“劳动获得自由”之门。我永远不会忘记这次访问。

我目睹了灭绝种族机制遗留的可怕后果，以及欧洲犹太人在1930年代生活的感人影像——婚礼、家庭聚餐、仪式和其他简单的日常生活场景——所有这些均被人类历史上罕见的有计划屠杀所摧毁。

我看到了犹太人、罗姆人、辛提人、同性恋者、持不同政见者、战俘和残疾人在最残酷的条件下度过最后日子的营房。

联合国的成立是为了防止任何此类恐怖事件再次发生。然而，从柬埔寨到卢旺达再到斯雷布雷尼察的悲剧表明，种族灭绝的毒害仍在泛滥。

我们必须始终警惕，防止偏见、极端主义的意识形态、族裔间紧张关系和对少数群体的歧视。我们必须给予后代良好教育。大屠杀和联合国外联方案已编制有效的教材，并建立了强有力的伙伴关系，协助将这些经验教训传播给世界各地的学生。

站在奥斯威辛火葬场附近，我对于该火葬场发生过的一切感到万分悲痛。但我也被所有那些为全人类解放死亡营的人感到鼓舞。让我们从现在起携手努力，共同开启通往一个人人享有平等和尊严的世界的旅程。

Statement to Geneva Conference on Syria

Foreign Secretary William Hague January 2014

Thank you very much Secretary General.We meet today with the urgent task of implementing the Geneva communiqué agreed 18 months ago, as a roadmap to end the conflict in Syria.At that time, 15,000 people had been killed and there were 87,000 registered Syrian refugees in the region.These numbers seemed appallingly high at the time.But the failure to implement the Geneva communiqué has meant that at least 110,000 other innocent people have now died, and 2.3 million more people have had to flee as refugees – including a staggering one million children.These facts should be seared into our consciences.They are a devastating reminder of the human cost of this war, and they give overriding urgency to the task before us.For we can be absolutely certain that if this peace process fails, then thousands more innocent Syrians will pay the price.I urge both Syrian delegations to approach these negotiations in that spirit—recognising that the entire future of Syria is at stake.And the Syrian government bears a particular responsibility for this crisis and can do the most to end it.I call on them to commit themselves to the aim of a mutually agreed settlement;and to stop actions on the ground which undermine the negotiations.At a time of relentless attacks on their homes and their families, the National Coalition have agreed to participate in this Conference, which was not an easy decision for President al-Jarba and the National Coalition leadership and I commend them for taking this step and for endorsing today the Geneva Communiqué as their basis of our work.They have our full support in doing that.And we should be absolutely clear that the Syrian conflict did not begin with terrorism.This began with ordinary people calling for greater political and economic freedom, who were met with brute force and oppression rather than the offer of peaceful change.And there must be accountability for the appalling crimes committed in this conflict, including those reported by distinguished jurists this week.And it was because of that repression that those protests escalated into a mass uprising and civil war, and it is this instability that has created a foothold for extremists.But they are in a tiny minority compared to the millions of Syrians who have taken no part in this conflict and who want and deserve lives of dignity, and safety, and freedom.The only way to end the bloodshed and to deal with extremist threats, is to reach an inclusive political settlement that takes into account the needs and aspirations of all Syria‘s communities with a Syrian-led political process, leading to a transition enabling the Syrian people independently and democratically to determine their future.All of us who have endorsed the Geneva Communiqué know what the goal is: a transitional governing body in Syria with full executive powers, formed by mutual consent, which means no one included without the agreement of the others, including a President who has destroyed his own legitimacy.And we know what the steps are that are needed to reach that goal, including a firm timetable for a Syria-led transition for a future for Syria that is genuinely democratic and pluralistic;and ceasefire agreements enabling immediate and full humanitarian access.We have provided £500 million pounds in aid as the United Kingdom and pledged £100m more but aid must be able to reach the people who need it most.The deliberate obstruction of humanitarian aid is utterly unacceptable and a flagrant disregard of the UN Security Council presidential statement of last October.The UN estimates that 2.5 million people inside Syria are currently receiving no or extremely limited assistance, including 250,000 people trapped in besieged or hard-to-access areas.Urgent efforts are required to improvement this situation.The transition in Syria should also include full participation for women, as set out in the Geneva communiqué.As the United Kingdom we would have liked to see a formal role for Syrian women‘s groups and civil society at this meeting.But I welcome the Secretary General‘s and Mr Brahimi‘s strong support for the inclusion of women in both delegations.There can be no lasting settlement in Syria that does not involve Syria‘s women at every stage of the process and as the UK we will work to achieve their full participation in this process.These talks are only the start of a process, so will require commitment and courage, but I urge both sides to remain at the negotiating table.And to them I say, this is your opportunity to put an end to the devastation of your country.Now is the time to choose to save a generation of Syrian children from violence and trauma;to end the sieges being laid to ancient towns and cities;to begin to repair the rich fabric of Syrian society;and to spare millions of refugees the prospect of years of exile, homelessness and deprivation.We have no illusions about how difficult and challenging this process is likely to be but we should all do everything possible to help the people of Syria achieve peace.在日内瓦会议上就叙利亚问题的讲话

外交大臣威廉•黑格

2014年1月12日

非常感谢秘书长。

今天，我们开会讨论一项紧迫的任务，即实施18个月前达成一致的《日内瓦公报》，该公报是结束叙利亚冲突的路线图。

当时，叙利亚已有1.5万人被杀害，而该地区登记在案的叙利亚难民有8.7万人，这些数字在当时看起来已经高得惊人。

但未能实施《日内瓦公报》则意味着现在另有至少11万无辜平民已经死亡，另有230万人被迫逃离该国成为难民，其中儿童难民的数量达到惊人的100万。

这些事实在拷问着我们的良心，有力地提醒我们这场战争所造成的人类的生命损失，并且使摆在我们面前的这一任务具有压倒一切的紧迫性。

我们绝对可以肯定，如果这一和平进程失败的话，还将有成千上万无辜的叙利亚人成为战争的牺牲品。我敦促叙利亚双方代表本着这样的精神进行谈判，即双方需要认识到，叙利亚的整个未来正处于极其危险之中。

而叙利亚政府则对本次危机负有特别重要的责任，并且可以尽一切所能结束危机。我呼吁双方致力于达成彼此同意的解决办法的目标，并为此停止可能破坏谈判的行动。

当其家园和家属都在遭受无情攻击的时候，全国联盟就已经同意参加本次会议，而这对于主席贾尔巴和全国联盟的领导层来说并不是轻易能够做出的决定。他们能够采取这一步骤并且现在赞同《日内瓦公报》、将其作为他们参与我们这项工作的基础，对此我表示赞赏，我们对他们的这种行为给予全力支持。

我们还应绝对清楚这一点，即叙利亚冲突并不是开始于恐怖主义，而是开始于普通民众，他们要求获得更大的政治和经济自由，但没有获得和平变革，反而遭到了残酷的打击和压迫。对于这场冲突中所发生的骇人听闻的罪行，包括本周由重要的法学家所报告的那些罪行，都必须进行问责。

正是因为镇压，使得抗议活动升级为一场大规模的起义和内战；而正是这种不稳定成为了产生极端分子的土壤。但是相对于几百万叙利亚人来说，极端分子只是极少数，大多数叙利亚人并没有参与这场冲突，他们希望的是过上有尊严、有安全、有自由的生活，这也是他们应该享有的。

停止流血和应对极端分子威胁的唯一途径，是需要通过政治途径进行解决：一个由叙利亚人领导的政治进程，包含叙利亚各方需求和愿景并使之实现，最终成功政治过渡，使叙利亚人能够独立地、民主地决定他们的未来。

我们所有人都赞同《日内瓦公报》，我们知道该公报的目标是，在叙利亚建立一个具有充分的行政权力、经各方协商组成的过渡管理机构。这意味着未经其他方的同意，任何人将不会进入该机构，这也包括了一个破坏了自身合法性的总统。

我们知道要达到该目标所要采取的步骤，包括为叙利亚主导的、向真正民主多元的未来的过渡制定一个明确的时间表，和能够立即全面进行人道主义援助的停火协议。英国已经提供了5亿英镑的援助，并承诺再援助1亿英镑，但是援助必须能够到达最需要援助的人民手中。对人道主义援助的蓄意阻挠是完全不可接受的，这种阻挠行为是对去年10月的联合国安理会主席声明的公然挑衅。据联合国估计，叙利亚境内目前有250万人没有得到任何援助或者所得到的援助极其有限，其中有25万人处于包围之中或者难以接近的区域。现在急需采取行动改善这种状况。

根据《日内瓦公报》的精神，叙利亚的过渡还应包括妇女的全面参与。对于英国来说，我们本希望看到叙利亚妇女团体和民间团体能以正式的身份参与此次会议。不过我对会议秘书长和卜拉希米先生为将妇女纳入双方代表团进行强有力的支持表示欢迎。如果不能将叙利亚妇女纳入每一个进程阶段，就不可能产生持久的解决办法。对于英国，我们将在这一进程中努力实现妇女的全面参与。

这些会谈只是进程的开始，需要人们有决心和勇气来参与。但是我敦促双方将谈判进行下去。我想对他们说，这是你们结束你们国家破败局面的一个机会。现在是选择拯救一代叙利亚儿童免于暴力和创伤的时候，是结束古老城镇摆脱围攻的时候，是开始修复叙利亚社会的各种组织结构的时候，是使数百万难民不再继续背井离乡、无家可归、极度贫困生活的时候。

我们对这一进程的困难程度和挑战性非常清楚。但是我们应该尽一切可能帮助叙利亚人民实现和平。

New Development in China, New Opportunities for the World

--Speech by Foreign Minister Wang Yi at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2014 January 2014, Davos, Switzerland

Dr.Joseph Nye, Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends，Good afternoon.It gives me great pleasure to discuss with you what China‘s development means to the world.China has always been the focus of attention at the World Economic Forum(WEF), and more so this year with China unveiling a new round of comprehensive reform 35 years after the launch of its reform program.This will not only herald a new era for China‘s development but also have extensive and positive impacts on the world.The day before yesterday, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang sent a special message to this year‘s WEF annual meeting which you can find on the WEF website.It gives a comprehensive and authoritative explanation of the current state, reform and prospect of the Chinese economy.In his message, Premier Li pointed out that the sustained and sound development of the Chinese economy would offer new opportunities and inject new impetus to development of the world.China‘s new round of reform will take place in political, economic, cultural, social and ecological dimensions.More than 300 major reform measures have been announced, covering over 60 fields under 15 categories.The reform is unprecedented in terms of its scope, depth and difficulty.I guess the questions you want to ask the most are: Will this round of reform be a great success just like the previous one? What will the reform bring to the world?

Here, I want to tell you in clear terms that China has every confidence in the success of its reform.Our confidence comes from the fine tradition of constant self-improvement and the splendid civilization of the Chinese nation over 5,000 years.The Chinese nation has gone through many hardships and sufferings, but it has always emerged stronger.An important reason is that our nation has the fortitude to reform and improve itself.The Chinese people, at all times, have the courage, will and ability to carry out reform.Our confidence comes from the right path China has chosen.In the past 65 years since the founding of the People‘s Republic of China, we have explored tirelessly and eventually found a development path that is suited to China‘s conditions and supported by the entire Chinese nation.It is a path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Our practice has proven and will continue to prove that as long as we remain steadfastly committed to this path, China will remain dynamic and acquire the driving force for development.Our confidence comes from the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC).The fact that the CPC is a ruling party with 86 million members represents our unique strength and most important resource.As long as the 86 million party members work in unison, they will generate an unrivalled force of positive energy that will enable us to surmount whatever difficulties and challenges in the reform process.Our confidence comes from the solid foundation China has laid and the rich experience it has gained.Since the start of reform and opening-up, China has progressed from poverty to prosperity.We used to ―cross the river by feeling our way from one stone to another‖.Today, we have the support of a comprehensive system of theories and policies.We know very well where our problems exist, and more importantly, we know how to have them resolved.Our confidence comes from China‘s huge development space and potential.China is a big country with 1.3 billion people and an area of 9.6 million square kilometers.It thus has broad space for development whose great potential is yet to be tapped.At present, the gaps between urban and rural areas and between the central and western and the eastern regions in China remain wide.This is a major challenge China faces, but more importantly, it also spells hope for China‘s future development.As reform deepens in China, waves of enormous demand will be unleashed, propelling China‘s strong momentum of economic growth.Our confidence comes from China‘s win-win strategy of opening-up.The most successful experience of China‘s reform is that it is always carried out in parallel with China‘s opening-up.Through reform, we have increased China‘s openness, which, in turn, has promoted China‘s reform.Our reform will bring more benefits to the world, as China continues to draw impetus to its reform from the world.Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends，China, a major country with a population of 1.3 billion, is moving fast toward modernization.This is an extraordinary historic process unfolding before our eyes and the greatest contribution of the Chinese nation to human progress.We are not just responsible for our own country and people, but also ready to honor our due obligations to the world.The new round of reform in China serves both the interests of the Chinese people and the need of countries of the world.We will speed up the shift of the growth model, intensify efforts to upgrade and improve the quality and efficiency of growth, get beyond the ―middle income trap‖ and achieve sustainable development.An increasingly prosperous China that is committed to deepening reform means the following to the world:

--China will provide the world‘s development with more ―Chinese opportunities‖.First, market opportunities.Despite the lack of effective global demand, the potential of the Chinese market is still growing.Last year, the Chinese people bought 21 million cars, more than a quarter of global car sales.China‘s annual imports are approaching US$2 trillion.And China is expected to import over US$10 trillion of goods in the next five years.Second, investment opportunities.Despite financial constraints facing the real economy in the world, Chinese businesses are becoming a major source of international investment and financing.Last year, China‘s non-financial outbound direct investment topped US$90 billion.In its new round of reform, China will encourage businesses and individuals to invest abroad and enter a new stage of overseas investment.Third, growth opportunities.Despite the sluggish world economy, the Chinese economy, with a size of over US$9 trillion, remained one of the fastest-growing economies among the G20 last year with a growth rate of 7.7%.Moreover, the growth was achieved in the course of accelerated structural adjustment and therefore it was growth in real terms.Estimates show that as long as China continues to grow at 7%, it will contribute to the growth of the world economy by one percentage point more each year.This is certainly great news to the world economy, given that the new round of reform will maintain China‘s mid-to-high growth rate for a fairly long time to come.Fourth, cooperation opportunities.Against the backdrop of tortuous global governance reform, the new round of reform in China will serve to safeguard the open world economy and the free trade regime.It will facilitate the healthy development of economic globalization and economic policy coordination among different countries.--China will contribute more of the ―Chinese power‖ to world peace.First, China will remain committed to the path of peaceful development, and will encourage other countries to jointly uphold peaceful development.Peaceful development is the only choice we can make in an era of globalization, and it represents the direction of development and progress of mankind.Second, China will undertake more international obligations.China will seek and uphold justice and equality in international and regional affairs, and play an even more active and productive role in resolving hotspot issues.China will develop itself through upholding world peace and will promote world peace through its own development.Third, China will continue to handle disagreements and differences through equal-footed consultations.Under the prerequisite that the nation's fundamental interests are safeguarded, we are ready to show our utmost sincerity and patience and remain committed to resolving differences through dialogue.Fourth, China will work with other countries to safeguard human conscience and international justice.Past aggressors must never be allowed to reverse the history of aggression;past powers must never be allowed to once again embark on the evil path of expansion;and fascist or militarist ideas must never be allowed to revive, not in whatever form.Distinguished Guests, Dear Friends，Last year, Chinese President Xi Jinping outlined the vision of the Chinese dream, which is to achieve the great renewal of the Chinese nation.The new round of reform launched in China serves just as the right path that will lead us to this goal.The steady process of attaining the Chinese dream will not only benefit China;it will benefit the world at large.As President Xi Jinping pointed out, the Chinese dream of national renewal is about the pursuit of happiness by every Chinese, and it has much in common with the dream of the people in other countries.China is an important member of the international community.While striving to realize its own dream, China will work with other countries in the world and make its due contribution to the development and progress of mankind.Thank you.中国新发展世界新机遇

——王毅外长在世经论坛2014年年会上的演讲

2014年1月24日，瑞士达沃斯

尊敬的约瑟夫奈博士，女士们，先生们，朋友们，大家下午好，很高兴与大家共同探讨中国发展对世界的意义。

中国历来是世界经济论坛关注的热点。今年更不例外。因为时隔35年之后，中国吹响了新一轮全方位改革的号角。这不仅预示着中国的发展将进入一个新的时代，也将对整个世界产生广泛和积极的影响。

前天，中国国务院总理李克强先生专门在本届论坛官网上发表了文章，对中国经济的现状、改革和前景做了全面和权威的介绍。李总理在文中明确指出，中国经济的持续健康发展，将为世界发展带来新机遇，增添新动力。

中国新一轮的改革涵盖政治、经济、文化、社会、生态文明五大方向，涉及15个方面、60多个领域，共形成300多项重要举措。改革的范围之广、程度之深、难度之大可谓前所未有。大家可能最想知道的是，这一轮改革能否再获成功，续写辉煌？改革将给世界带来什么？我愿明确告诉大家，我们对于中国改革的成功充满自信。

——自信来自于中华民族5000年自强不息的优秀传统和博大精深的文明底蕴。中华民族曾历经无数危难，面对各种考验，却始终百折不挠，生生不息，一个重要的原因就是我们这个民族勇于自我革新，敢于自我超越。中国人在任何时候都不怕改革，乐于改革，善于改革。

——自信来自于中国业已选择的正确道路。新中国成立65年来，我们经过上下求索，找到了一条完全符合中国国情并且得到全体人民拥护的发展道路，这就是中国特色社会主义道路。实践已经并将继续证明，只要坚持这一方向，不偏离这条道路，中国就能保持发展活力，获得发展动力。

——自信来自于中国共产党的坚强有力领导。作为执政党，中国共产党拥有8600万党员。这是中国发展最独特的优势和最重要的资源。只要8600万党员团结一心，就能迸发出无与伦比的强大正能量，就能在改革进程中无坚不摧，无难不克。

——自信来自于中国业已打下的坚实基础和积累的丰富经验。改革开放以来，中国从贫穷走向富裕，从摸着石头过河到形成系统理论支撑和完整政策体系。我们不仅清晰地把握了自身存在的各种问题，也完全具备了解决这些问题的能力。

——自信来自于中国巨大的发展空间与潜力。中国是一个拥有13亿人口和960万平方公里领土的大国，发展空间极为广阔，发展潜力远未发掘。目前，中国的城乡差距、中西部与东部差距还很大，这既是中国面临的重大课题，更是未来发展的希望所在。随着改革的深入，中国的巨大需求将波浪式持续释放，长久地推动中国经济保持强劲发展势头。

——自信来自于中国奉行的互利共赢开放战略。中国改革最成功的一条经验就是，改革与开放并行推进，通过改革扩大开放，又通过开放促进改革。中国的改革成果将更多惠及世界，同时也会从世界不断汲取改革的动力。

各位来宾，各位朋友，13亿人口的大国快速走向现代化，这是一幅多么波澜壮阔的历史画卷，更是中华民族对人类文明进步的最大贡献，我们不仅要对自己的国家和民族负责，也愿对世界承担应尽的义务。中国新一轮改革既符合中国人民的利益，也符合世界各国的需求。我们将加快转变经济发展方式，强化提质增效升级，跨越中等收入陷阱，实现可持续发展。而一个深化改革、日益繁荣的中国对世界意味着：

——中国将为世界发展提供更多“中国机遇”。

一是市场机遇。在全球有效需求不足背景下，中国的市场吸纳力却在不断扩容。中国人去年一年就购买了2100万辆汽车，超过全球汽车销量的四分之一。中国的年进口总额已接近2万亿美元，预计今后5年将进口超过10万亿美元商品。

二是投资机遇。在实体经济面临融资难题背景下，中国企业成为国际投融资新的生力军。去年中国非金融类对外直接投资已超过900亿美元。新一轮改革将鼓励企业和个人对外投资，推动中国对外投资迈入新阶段。

三是增长机遇。在世界经济增速低迷背景下，中国作为一个规模超过9万亿美元的经济体去年仍实现了7.7%的快速增长，在G20国家中继续名列前茅。而且这一增长是在加快调整经济结构进程中实现的，是实实在在、真金白银的增长。据推算，只要中国保持7%的增长率，就将拉动全球经济增长一个百分点。新一轮改革将使中国保持较长时间的中高速增长，这对世界经济无疑是重大利好。

四是合作机遇。在全球治理改革举步维艰背景下，中国新一轮改革将维护开放型世界经济和自由贸易体制，有利于经济全球化的健康发展，有助于各国经济政策的相互协调。

——中国将为世界和平贡献更多“中国力量”。

首先，中国将坚持走和平发展道路，同时也将推动各国共同坚持和平发展，这既是全球化背景下的唯一选择，也是人类发展进步的必然方向。

第二，中国将积极承担更多国际责任，在世界和地区事务中主持公道，伸张正义，践行平等，更加积极有为地参与热点问题的解决，通过维护和平来发展自己，同时又以自身发展促进世界和平。

第三，中国将继续通过平等协商处理矛盾和分歧。我们愿在维护国家根本利益前提下，以最大诚意和耐心，坚持对话解决分歧。

第四，中国将与世界各国共同维护人类良知与国际公理。决不允许过去的侵略者为侵略历史翻案，决不允许昔日的强权再度走上对外扩张邪路，也决不允许法西斯主义和军国主义思想以任何形式死灰复燃。

各位来宾，各位朋友，去年，中国国家主席习近平提出了中华民族伟大复兴“中国梦”的奋斗目标，而中国的新一轮改革正是实现这一目标的必由之路。中国梦的逐步实现，将惠及中国，也将惠及世界。正如习近平主席所指出的，民族复兴的中国梦既是每一个中国人追求幸福的梦，也与世界人民的梦想息息相通。作为国际社会的重要成员，中国将在自己追梦、圆梦的奋斗过程中，与世界各国一道，共同为人类的发展与进步做出应有贡献。

谢谢大家。

Report to the Executive Board at its 134th Session

Dr Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization

Geneva, Switzerland January 2014

Madam chairperson, distinguished members of the Executive Board, colleagues in the UN system and sister agencies, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen，I wish you all a happy and healthy 2014.I will be brief.This session of the Executive Board has 67 items on its agenda, with 17 resolutions.This is by far the highest number of items ever scheduled for a non-budget year.We will all need to use our time with discipline and efficiency.We have a crowded agenda and a crowded room, with a record-breaking number of registered participants.The heavy agenda for this session shows the diversity of your concerns and also some measure of confidence that WHO is the right agency to address those concerns.I interpret the large number of participants as an indication of the high level of interest in global health.Both are good, but outstrip the capacity of the Secretariat to prepare for this session and serve it well.And there are other, more serious problems.A lean, effective, and flexible WHO must be strategic and highly selective in the work it undertakes.I would rather see outstanding performance in a limited number of high-impact areas than a full menu approach that dilutes our energy and resources.This is an easy trap to fall into, and it is dangerous.If this happens, WHO will have a lot to say, but little to show, especially in terms of health outcomes in your countries.Keep in mind: one reason for the success of the Millennium Development Goals was their limited number.Keep in mind: the Twelfth General Programme of Work, which you approved last May, includes just six leadership priorities.Part of the problem stems from the simple fact that the determinants of health have become broader and much more complex in a world where not only countries, but also policy spheres are closely interconnected.We are all aware that some new challenges, especially those driven by the globalization of unhealthy lifestyles, can only be addressed through collaboration with multiple sectors, including some industries.But WHO and its Member States must resist the temptation to cover every issue in the vast domain of public health.Please help us stick to those high-impact areas where we can get and measure results.Doing so becomes all the more important as the international community transitions to the post-2015 era.The demands on WHO and ministries of health will only grow as noncommunicable diseases increase, populations age, cities become more crowded, and the climate changes.Public expectations for health care are rising and costs are soaring.Some new medicines and medical devices are unaffordable, even for the wealthiest countries in the world.Last year‘s G8 summit on dementia, organized by the United Kingdom, made it clear that some major and very costly health problems have virtually no effective interventions for their prevention, early detection, or cure.WHO will need to perform extremely well in order to steer countries through these challenges.Ladies and gentlemen，In recent years, the Health Assembly has approved a number of global strategies and action plans for addressing specific diseases or needs.This is good.All have clearly defined objectives, targets, and indicators, and this helps ensure that countries and their partners align activities in a tightly focused and coordinated way.As we all know, the large number of health initiatives and actors has led to fragmentation, duplication of efforts, high transaction costs, and heavy reporting and monitoring requirements for countries.All of these global strategies and plans set out highly ambitious goals.This is also good, as it helps maintain the momentum for better health.But it has a downside.Like the many partnerships and health initiatives, these strategies and plans impose a heavy burden on health system capacities and carry heavy expectations for monitoring and reporting.Last year, the Regional Committees discussed their capacity to implement the recently approved Global monitoring framework and targets for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases.In one region, not one single country was routinely producing the data needed to monitor some of the indicators.We should be ambitious with these strategies and plans, but also pragmatic and realistic.As we have learned since the start of this century, sustainable health improvements depend on a well-functioning health system.We must build the capacities of countries, not overburden them.I welcome the attention our governing bodies have given to the strengthening of health systems.Initiatives such as the International Health Partnership Plus are especially important as they help build capacity and self-reliance, which is the foundation for true country ownership.We have much work to do.According to our latest estimates, only 81 of our 194 Member States regularly submit useable death registration data.Of these 81 countries, only 34 submit data of high quality.The need for stronger systems for regulatory control and enforcement runs like a common thread through many of your documents, whether concerning antimicrobial resistance, the mandatory notification of diseases, or access to opioid analgesics for palliative care.For medicines, only around 20% of our Member States have a well-functioning regulatory authority, 50% have variable regulatory quality, and 30% have virtually no or only very limited capacity.Worldwide, an estimated 2.7 billion people live in countries with no safety net to cover health care costs.In such a situation, how can health work as a poverty-reduction strategy, especially as the costly burden of NCDs shifts to the developing world?

When I think about these statistics, I also think about people, the many millions of people being left behind in our highly unequal world.I thank Member States and partner agencies for their strong commitment to universal health coverage.In my view, this is one of the most positive and powerful trends in global health.Ladies and gentlemen，The world again faces simultaneous humanitarian crises.This time there are four: in the Syrian Arab Republic, the Philippines, the Central African Republic, and South Sudan.These crises are testing WHO‘s emergency performance in a highly visible way.Given the challenges, I believe we are doing well.Vigilance is our watchword as we continue to monitor sporadic cases of MERS coronavirus, and H7N9 and other avian influenza viruses, including North America‘s first case of H5N1 reported earlier this month.Nothing can be predicted with certainty, but on present evidence, none of these viruses shows a potential to spread widely or cause an explosive outbreak.Nonetheless, this situation reinforces the importance of building the core capacities of the International Health Regulations to detect cases, report, and respond.As I said, WHO must be strategic and highly selective in responding to these and many other challenges.This is one central purpose of WHO reform.Let me summarize a few achievements as the reform process continues to mature.Two financing dialogues have now been held with frank and open discussions.These discussions have included the identification of areas where resources can be used more efficiently and recommendations for some novel remedial actions that can help save money.A new web portal to support the programme budget offers open access to data on monies coming into the Organization, where those monies go, and what they are expected to deliver.The web portal was welcomed as a major contribution to transparency.Further financing reforms aim to strengthen coordinated resource mobilization at all levels of the Organization.Human resource reforms, including streamlined recruitment and selection processes, are being aligned with programmatic needs, staff needs for learning and development and, of course, fiscal realities.Ladies and gentlemen，Let me conclude by illustrating what I mean by outstanding performance in high-impact areas.To date, WHO has prequalified more than 400 medical products, including 62 last year.Thanks to these and other efforts, WHO estimates that 97% of the global vaccine supply is currently of assured quality.Worldwide, 65% of babies are immunized using WHO pre-qualified vaccines.Last year, the ―Lancet‖ published the largest study to date, coordinated by WHO, on severe complications and ―near misses‖ in pregnancy.The study concluded that having life-saving interventions available in health facilities will not reduce maternal mortality in the absence of overall improvements in the quality of maternal care and emergency services.This tells us clearly that we must focus more sharply on improving the quality of care.The WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist, which is now undergoing trials in more than 100 hospitals, can help move us in this direction.This is a simple checklist, but evidence to date suggests it can have a major impact on the quality of care for mothers and their babies.The accountability framework, developed to support the Every Woman, Every Child strategy, has given us a new model for results-driven structuring and monitoring of development work.The framework incorporates the safeguard of rigorous independent monitoring, another important innovation.As we are seeing, getting and using better information can set off a chain of events, with improved health outcomes as the end result.We have seen this most dramatically in Niger, one of the poorest countries in the world, where the availability of high-quality data was instrumental in reducing child mortality by a stunning 43%.In fact, I think we have enough evidence to conclude that any country, no matter how poor, can improve health if it really wants to.In December of last year, the WHO certification commission that oversees the eradication of guinea worm disease declared that four African countries are now free from this disease.Nigeria is one of them.When the eradication initiative was launched, Nigeria was the epicentre of this disease, with more than 650 000 cases reported each year.Going from that number to zero is a major achievement that must be praised.Those who follow the African media will know how much certification means to Nigeria and its President, who has expressed his commitment to do the same for polio.Nigeria‘s certification also has some lessons.Surveillance for cases and the investigation of rumours were done hand-in-hand with polio immunization teams.This is the kind of joined-up effort that makes the most effective use of our human and financial resources, which will always be limited, and has a dramatic and measurable impact.For polio eradication, India, which has not seen a case for three years, is another shining example.This achievement sets the stage to certify all of South-East Asia polio-free very soon.There are many more examples, but I promised to be brief.Thank you.在执委会第134届会议上的报告

世界卫生组织总干事陈冯富珍博士

瑞士日内瓦

2014年1月20日

主席女士、尊敬的执行委员会委员们、联合国系统和姊妹机构的同仁、各位阁下、女士们、先生们：

首先祝各位2014年幸福健康。

我的讲话会很简短。本届执行委员会议程上有67个项目，其中涉及17项决议。这是非预算安排议程项目最多的一届。我们大家都需要严格、高效地利用时间。

我们的日程很紧，会议室里人也很多，因为注册与会者的数量又创下了历史记录。本届会议的紧张议程表明，各位关心的议题非常多样化，而且你们也相信世卫组织正是处理这些关切的机构。我认为，与会者数量众多这一点也表明各国对全球卫生非常感兴趣。

这两件事都是好事，不过确实也超出了秘书处筹备本届会议并为其做好服务的能力。而且，还有其它更为严重的问题。

精简、有效、灵活的世卫组织必须具有战略性，其所开展的工作必须具有高度选择性。我更愿意看到我们在少数高影响领域表现出众，而不是面面俱到，使精力和资源无法集中。

这是个很容易落入的陷阱，而且非常危险。如果发生这种情况，世卫组织可能会说的太多而做的太少，特别是对各国的卫生成果而言。

请记住：千年发展目标取得成功的原因之一是目标数量有限。请记住：各位去年五月批准的第十二个工作总规划只有六个领导重点。

部分问题来源于这样一个简单事实：当今世界，各国和各政策领域之间相互关联密切，因而健康的决定因素也更为广泛、更为复杂。

我们都知道，只有通过多部门合作包括与企业界合作才能应对一些新挑战，特别是那些不健康生活方式的全球化所带来的挑战。

但是，世卫组织及其会员国必须抵制覆盖公共卫生广泛领域内每个问题的诱惑。请帮助我们坚守我们可以取得并且衡量结果的高影响领域。随着国际社会转向2015年以后的时代，这样做越发重要。

随着非传染性疾病增加、人口老龄化、城市更为拥挤、气候发生变化，对世卫组织和各国卫生部的需求只会越来越多。

公众对于卫生保健的期望值越来越高，而卫生保健成本也在飙升。一些新药和医疗器械价格让人负担不起，即使对于世界上最富裕的国家也是如此。

去年英国组织了有关痴呆症问题的八国集团峰会。会议清楚地表明，一些重大且费用昂贵的健康问题最终并没有有效的预防、早期发现或治愈措施。

要指导各国迎接这些挑战，世卫组织需要表现极为出色才行。

女士们、先生们，近年来，卫生大会批准了一些针对具体疾病或需求的全球战略和行动计划。这很好。所有有关战略和计划都有明确的总体和具体目标以及指标，这有助于确保各国及其伙伴重点明确、相互协调地开展活动。

众所周知，大量卫生行动和行动者的存在导致工作分散、重复，交易成本高以及各国面临沉重的报告和监测要求。

所有这些全球战略和计划都列出了雄心勃勃的目标。这也是件好事，有助于为实现更好的卫生保持住势头。但它也有不利的一面。

与众多伙伴关系与卫生行动一样，这些战略和计划给卫生系统的能力带来沉重负担，而且带有监测和报告的沉重期望。

去年，各区域委员会讨论了其落实预防控制非传染性疾病全球监测框架和具体目标的能力。在其中一个区域，没有一个国家定期产生监测有关指标所需的数据。

我们需要有雄心的战略和计划，但同时也要务实和切合实际。自本世纪初以来，我们已经认识到，可持续的卫生改进取决于运转良好的卫生系统。我们必须建设各国的能力，而不是给它们过重的负担。

我欢迎理事机构关注加强卫生系统问题。国际卫生伙伴关系后续程序等倡议尤为重要，因为它们有助于能力建设和自力更生，而那正是真正实现国家自主的基础。

我们有许多工作要做。

根据最近的估算，194个会员国中只有81个国家定期提交可用的死亡登记数据。这81个国家中，只有34个国家提供的数据质量较高。

不论是在抗菌素耐药性、疾病法定通报还是为姑息治疗获得阿片类镇痛药领域，你们的许多文件都提到有必要建立更强大的监管控制和执法体系。

对于药品而言，只有约20%的会员国建立了运转良好的监管当局，50% 的会员国监管质量参差不齐，还有30%几乎没有或者只有非常有限的监管能力。

全世界约有27亿人生活在没有社会安全网覆盖卫生保健费用的国家。在这种情况下，特别是随着非传染性疾病的昂贵负担向发展中国家转移，卫生怎么能发挥减贫的作用呢？

每当我想起这些数据，我想到的是人，在我们这个高度不平等的世界上被抛在后面的人。我要感谢会员国和伙伴机构致力于实现全民健康覆盖。在我看来，这是全球卫生领域最积极、最有力的趋势之一。

女士们、先生们，全世界再次面对同时发生的人道主义危机。这回是发生在叙利亚阿拉伯共和国、菲律宾、中非共和国和南苏丹的四场危机。这些危机在众目睽睽之下考验着世卫组织的突发事件处理能力。考虑到挑战巨大，我认为我们表现不错。

我们继续监测中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒以及H7N9和其它禽流感病毒（包括本月早些时候北美报告的第一例H5N1病毒）。我们的口号是保持警戒。

虽然不能确定地预测任何事情，但根据现有证据，这些病毒均未表现出有能力广泛传播或引起爆炸性疫情。但是，这种情况更加表明建设《国际卫生条例（2005）》规定的发现、报告和应对病例的核心能力的重要性。

如我所言，世卫组织在应对这些和诸多其它挑战时必须具有战略性和高度选择性。这是世卫组织改革的中心目的之一。请允许我总结一下改革进程迄今所取得的一些成就。

已经举办了两次筹资对话会，并进行了坦率、开放的讨论。讨论确定了资源可以更高效利用的领域，并就有助于节约资金的新补救措施提出了建议。

支持规划预算的新网络门户公开提供相关数据，使人可以了解本组织收到的资金、资金去向和资金使用的预期结果。该网络门户被认为对提高透明度大有裨益，因而受到欢迎。

进一步筹资改革措施将加强本组织各层级相互协调的资金筹措工作。正采取措施使人力资源改革（包括简化招聘和选拔过程）与规划需求、职员学习和发展需求及财政现状相一致。

女士们、先生们，最后，我想谈一谈什么是在高影响领域表现出众。

迄今，世卫组织已经对400余种医疗产品进行了资格预审，包括去年的 62种产品。根据世卫组织估计，这些努力和其它工作使全球疫苗供应的 97%是质量有保证的。全世界65%的婴儿接种的是用经世卫组织资格预审的疫苗。

去年，《柳叶刀》杂志发表了由世卫组织协调进行的有关妊娠期严重并发症和“侥幸脱险”情况的最大规模研究成果。该研究的结论是，如果不能从整体上提高孕产妇护理和急诊服务的质量，仅由医疗卫生机构提供挽救生命的干预措施本身并不能降低孕产妇死亡率。

这就清楚地告诉我们，我们必须专注于提高卫生保健质量。现正在100余家医院试用的世卫组织《安全分娩核对表》将帮助我们在这方面取得进步。这是一个简单的核对表，但迄今所获得的证据表明，它可以对母婴护理质量产生重大影响。

为支持“每个妇女，每个儿童”战略建立的问责框架为我们提供了以结果为导向组织并监督发展工作的新模式。该框架确保进行严格的独立监督，这也是一个重要创新。

我们看到，获得并利用更好的信息可以触发一系列事件，最终使卫生结果得到改善。这一点在尼日尔表现得最为突出。作为世界上最穷的国家之一，获得高质量数据对于该国将儿童死亡率令人吃惊地降低43%发挥了关键作用。

事实上，我想我们有足够证据表明，无论一个国家有多穷，只要它真正想改善卫生，它就可以做到。

去年12月，世卫组织监督消灭麦地那龙线虫病工作的认证委员会又宣布四个非洲国家无麦地那龙线虫病。尼日利亚是其中之一。

消灭工作刚开始时，尼日利亚是该病的重点地区，每年报告65万余例麦地那龙线虫病。从那个数字降到零是一项巨大成就，必须加以赞扬。关注非洲消息的人会知道无麦地那龙线虫病认证对尼日利亚及其总统意味着什么。尼总统还承诺也消灭脊灰。

尼日利亚的认证让我们总结了经验教训。病例监测和谣言调查是与脊灰免疫团队携手进行的。

正是这种携手使我们能够最有效地使用总是非常有限的人力和财政资源，并产生巨大的可衡量影响。

在消灭脊灰方面，印度也是我们的光辉榜样。该国已三年未出现病例。这样，整个东南亚区域将很快可以获得无脊灰认证。

当然还有许多其它例子，但我承诺发言要简短。

谢谢大家。

第三篇：视译训练材料

瑞士“火箭人”成功飞越美国大峡谷

Swiss 'JetMan' makes Grand Canyon flight A Swiss adventurer has finally made a “historic” jetpack-powered flight above the Grand Canyon, organizers claimed Tuesday, days after he canceled a bid saying he had not trained enough.Yves Rossy, dubbed “JetMan,” completed the eight-minute flight at the weekend, his support team said in a press release four days after Friday's failed attempt, which journalists had been invited to watch.Pictures and videos released by organizers showed him being dropped from a helicopter and then soaring above the world-famous landmark, his jet-pack wing strapped to his back, before deploying a parachute to land on the canyon floor.He flew at speeds of up to 190 mph(304 kilometers an hour), skimming the rockscape just 200 feet(65 meters)above the rim of the canyon, the statement said.“My first flight in the US is sure to be one of the most memorable experiences in my life, not only for the sheer beauty of the Grand Canyon but the honor to fly in sacred Native American lands,” Rossy was quoted as saying.“Thank you Mother Nature and the Hualapai Tribe for making my lifelong dreams come true,” he said according to the press release, referring to the Native American tribe over whose territory he made the flight.On Friday the 51-year-old--who has previously flown across the English Channel between Britain and France and over the Swiss Alps--invited media to a remote spot on the Grand Canyon's western end to watch his flight.But at the last minute he announced he had only just been given formal Federation Aviation Authority(FAA)approval to fly, and had therefore not had enough time to train.On Tuesday Rossy's organizers stressed that the FAA delay had prevented him from flying last Friday, adding that he had made the successful flight over the weekend, without announcing it to journalists who attended Friday's attempt.“It was his date with destiny, and ultimately the uniquely complex certification process could not prevent(Rossy)from making his historic flight through Grand Canyon West this past weekend.” 组织者本周二称，瑞士探险家伊夫•罗西身背喷气动力翼，成功飞越美国科罗拉多大峡谷。几天前，罗西曾因热身时间不够，取消了原定飞行计划。伊夫•罗西的支持团队发表声明称，绰号“火箭人”的伊夫•罗西上周末完成了这次历时8分钟的飞行。上周五，他未能完成首次试飞，当时有媒体到场。据公布的图片和视频展示，伊夫•罗西身背喷气动力翼跳出直升机机舱，之后飞越世界著名的科罗拉多大峡谷，随后打开降落伞降落到谷底。

声明称，伊夫•罗西的飞行最高时速为每小时190英里（合每小时304公里），飞行高度为峡谷上方200英尺（合65米）。

声明援引罗西的话说：“我在美国的首次飞行将终身铭记，不仅是因为峡谷的壮美，还是因为我飞过了印第安人的圣地。”

罗西在声明中说：“感谢大自然和瓦拉派部落，使我一生的梦想成真。”罗西飞过的领土正属于瓦拉派印第安部落。

在上周五，51岁的罗西邀请媒体前往大峡谷西端的一处较远的地点观看飞行。罗西曾飞越英法之间的英吉利海峡，以及瑞士阿尔卑斯山。

但在最后关头，他却宣布自己刚刚接到美国联邦航空管理局的批准，没有足够的时间热身。

本周二，罗西飞行活动的组织者强调指出，上周五未能完成飞行是因为美国联邦航空管理局没有按时批准，并补充称罗西在周末成功完成了飞行，并未通知参加上周五试飞的记者。

他说：“这一天是他命中注定的。极其复杂的飞行证明程序最终没能阻止罗西在上周末历史性地飞越了大峡谷西缘。”

五月天空将现“六星连珠”奇观

Six planets align in May but no doomsday is foreseen A planetary alignment is a rare spectacular event that has always been a topic of great interest and speculations.Some predict the end of the world, others see the start of a new golden era.This May the world will witness the alignment of six planets, with May 11 being the best out of all.Every morning in May the naked eye will be able to spot Mars, Jupiter, Venus and Mercury, and with a small telescope one can see Uranus and Neptune.30 minutes before sunrise, the morning sky will show all the planets aligned across the sun’s path, except Saturn.The planets line up was expected on December 21, 2012, that’s when fortune tellers predicted the end of the world and scientists awaited a spectacular show in the sky.However modern equipments and tools have showed that in 2012 no alignment will occur.Instead, a visible alignment will be seen throughout the entire month of May.For the past two months Mars, Jupiter, Venus, Mercury, Uranus and Neptune were not visible because of their location behind the sun, but starting May all planets started to line up above the rising sun.The best morning for the largest and tightest conjunction of planets this century is May 11th.That's when the two brightest planets in our own solar system, Venus and Jupiter, will almost unite.Uranus and Neptune will be shining green but will need a good binocular to be seen.“The very closest grouping will come Tuesday, May 10, when Venus, Jupiter and Mercury will be in a very close-knit triangle, with Mars to the left and below the triangle.Then on Wednesday May, 11, Jupiter, Venus and Mercury will be in a very straight line”, said David L.DeBruyn.On May 13th, Mercury, Venus and Jupiter will form a “bright celestial triangle”, and on May 20th, a new triangle will form.The show will end on May 30th, when the moon will join the four planets, and five “heavenly lights” will be seen at once in the morning sky.Planetary conjunctions are rare events, therefore people who have the chance to enjoy the changing alignment of the planets every day in May, should not waste the chance.No worries, it doesn't mean that the world is ending.Interesting is how the doomsayers' predictions never seem to come true.行星连成一线这种罕见奇观一直是人们关注和争相猜测的焦点。有人认为这预示着世界末日，有人则认为这预示着一个新的黄金时代的到来。今年五月世界将目睹“六星连珠”的奇观，5月11日是观看这一景观的最佳日期。

在五月期间，人们每天早晨都可以用肉眼看见火星、木星、金星和水星，用小型望远镜还可以看见天王星和海王星。在日出30分钟前，在清晨的天空可以看见各大行星排列在太阳路径上（土星除外）。

曾有人预测行星连珠会在2012年12月21日出现，科学家们期待的这一天空奇景发生时也就是算命师所预言的世界末日到来之时。然而，现代仪器的观测表明，在2012年不会发生行星连珠景观。

但是，在今年整个五月期间都可以看见明显的行星连珠景观。在过去两个月，人们都无法看见火星、木星、金星、水星、天王星和海王星，因为它们的位置正处于太阳背面。但从五月开始各大行星将太阳升起位置的上方连成一线。本世纪行星之间最大最紧密的会合景观的最佳观测时机是在5月11日早晨。到那时我们太阳系最亮的两颗行星——金星和木星将密切会合，天王星和海王星将发出绿光，不过需要一架好的双筒望远镜才能看到。

戴维•L•狄布恩说：“行星最紧密的会合将在5月10日（周二）发生，金星、木星和水星将形成一个紧密会合的三角，火星在左边，位于三角下方。5月11日（周三）那天，木星、金星和水星将形成一条笔直的线。”

5月13日，水星、金星和木星将形成一个“闪亮天体三角”，之后在5月20日，还会形成一个新的三角。这一系列天体景观将在5月30日结束，月亮将加入这四个行星，五大“天光”将一同在早晨的天空出现。

行星连珠是罕见的景观，因此有机会欣赏五月每日行星排列变化的人千万不要错过这一良机。不用担心，行星连珠并不意味着世界末日。有趣的是，末日预言家们的预言似乎从来没有实现过。

撞衫！英新王妃婚纱被指“抄袭”

Royal wedding: Europe cries 'copycat Kate' over wedding dress The Duchess of Cambridge’s wedding dress is certain to inspire a raft of imitations but in mainland Europe there have been claims that the gown was itself copied from another recent royal weddingThe Duchess’s Alexander McQueen dress, designed by Sarah Burton, bears a striking resemblance to the outfit worn by the actress Isabella Orsini when she married Belgian Prince Edouard de Ligne two years ago.Ms Orsini’s dress was designed by Gerald Watelet, the Belgian designer.Newspapers and magazines across Europe have dubbed the Duchess “copycat Kate” due to the similarity between her dress and that of Ms Orsini, who is the goddaughter of Silvio Berlusconi.Both dresses have a v-neck line with a lace bodice that was both long sleeved and high-necked.Both women are pretty slim brunettes who complemented their gowns with a tiara that held their veil in place.Ms Orsini, 36, told the Italian magazine Novella 2000: “As soon as the Duchess of Cambridge went out to go to church, I thought her dress was a copy of mine.It means Kate Middleton has good taste.”

The wedding of Prince Edouard and his bride was a far more low-key affair however with only a few hundred people turning out onto the streets to watch them.It is thought that up to 2 billion people watched the royal wedding when it took place last month on television and online.Both bridal gowns pay homage to an earlier dress worn by Grace Kelly on her wedding day to Prince Rainer of Monaco in 1956.Fevered speculation over the identity of Miss Middleton's dress designer finally ended with confirmation that Sarah Burton, creative director of Alexander McQueen, had won the coveted commission.The ivory satin dress had a nipped in waist, 9ft train and long-sleeved bodice of handmade lace by the Royal School of Needlework, based at Hampton Court Palace.The team of workers had to wash their hands every 30 minutes to keep the lace and threads pristine, and the needles were renewed every three hours to ensure they remained sharp and clean.The lace design incorporated rose, thistle, daffodil and shamrock — the emblems of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.French Chantilly lace, combined with English Cluny lace, was the only fabric from foreign shores.The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge are currently on honeymoon in the Seychelles where they are staying on a private island.英国新王妃剑桥公爵夫人的婚纱势必引发一阵模仿潮。但欧洲大陆的一些媒体指出这款婚纱本身就抄袭了最近另一场皇室婚礼的婚纱。

新王妃的这件亚历山大•麦昆品牌婚纱由莎拉•伯顿设计，和女演员伊莎贝拉•奥尔西尼两年前嫁给比利时王子爱德华•德•里涅时所穿的婚纱简直如出一辙。奥尔西尼的婚纱由比利时设计师杰拉德•瓦特雷设计。

由于两件嫁衣高度相似，欧洲各媒体纷纷给凯特取绰号为“模仿者凯特”。奥尔西尼是意大利总理西尔维奥•贝卢斯科尼的教女。两件婚纱均采用V领镂空上衣、长袖高领设计。

两位新娘都很苗条、皮肤略黑，还都用王冠挽住了面纱。

36岁的奥尔西尼接受意大利杂志《Novella 2000》采访时说：“剑桥公爵夫人去教堂前一亮相，我就觉得她的婚纱抄袭了我的。这说明凯特•米德尔顿很有品位。”

爱德华王子的婚礼低调得多，仅有几百人沿街观看。而据称全球有多达20亿人通过电视和网络观看了上月举行的威廉王子大婚。

两件婚纱都效仿了格蕾丝•凯利1956年嫁给摩纳哥王子雷尼尔三世时所穿的婚纱。

米德尔顿的婚纱由亚历山大•麦昆创意总监莎拉•伯顿设计，这也终于平息了大家对婚纱设计师人选的激烈讨论。这款乳白色的缎纹婚纱配有9英尺长的掐腰式拖裙，长袖上衣的蕾丝都是由汉普顿宫皇家刺绣学院的工作人员手工缝制。制作者每半小时就要洗一次手，以免弄脏蕾丝和针线，每3小时还要换一次针，以保证针的尖锐和清洁。

蕾丝图案上有玫瑰、蓟、水仙花和三叶草（英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰的象征）。和英国的克伦尼花边交织在一起的法国尚蒂伊花边是唯一的外国装饰。

威廉和凯特目前正在塞舌尔的一座私人小岛上度蜜月。

天价英国游让英国本地游客望而却步

Need a holiday? Welcome to rip-off Britain Britain is crammed with overpriced restaurants, plagued by expensive hotels and let down by overrated tourist attractions, according to the latest edition of the Lonely Planet Guide.In a warts and all review of the country as a holiday destination the well-known travel bible concludes it “has had its day” especially for cash-strapped natives.“If you're on a tight budget, there's no getting away from it--Britain ain't cheap,” said lead author David Else who dispatched contributors to every corner of the land in search of good deals, but found few.While some places are deemed to be “fantastic” finds and the country was still “one of the most fascinating places in the world to explore” many destinations simply didn't cut it.“Public transport, admission fees, restaurants and hotel rooms all tend to be expensive compared with their equivalents in many other European countries,” Else said.“Unfortunately at a time when everyone is in desperate need of a great value summer getaway some of Britain's tourism industry just doesn't deliver,” he added.The picture was particularly bleak for Britons hoping to forget the government's austerity-driven budget cuts, underlying inflationary pressures and a battered pound.The guide says some good value deals can be found if families do their homework, but many may, in the end, regret opting for a “staycation.” London was singled as being particularly over-priced when it came to dining out.“You're often better spending five pounds on a top-notch curry in Birmingham(central England)or a homemade steak-and-ale pie in a country pub in Devon(southwest England)than forking out 30 pounds in a restaurant for a 'modern European' concoction that tastes like it came from a can.” Overseas visitors, however, are undoubtedly the winners, flocking to the island in the last couple of years to take advantage of the weak pound.Must-sees included Canterbury in the southeast which “tops the charts” when it comes to English cathedral cities, the city of Cambridge whose leafy green meadows “give it a far more tranquil appeal” than its rival Oxford, Glasgow a “byword for chic” and London with “endless reserves of cool”.Less flattering reviews were saved for the county of Surrey, close to London, “made up of uninspiring towns and dull, sprawling suburbs,” while the city of Cardiff in Wales was slated as “a prodigious boozing town.” 根据《孤独星球指南》的最新版本，英国到处是高价饭馆和昂贵的酒店，英国旅游景点的价值也被高估了。

这一著名的旅游圣经在列出了英国度假胜地的种种缺点后，得出结论说，对于囊中羞涩的本国游客而言，英国作为旅游地的“辉煌时代已经结束了”。《孤独星球指南》主要作者戴维•埃尔斯说：“如果你手头紧的话，就会吃不消——英国可不便宜。”埃尔斯将撰稿人派到英国各地寻找划算的买卖，但是没多少发现。

尽管某些地区被视为“绝妙”的好去处，英国也依然是“世界上最引人入胜的地方之一”，但是许多旅游目的地确实不理想。

埃尔斯说：“公共交通费、入场费、饭馆花费、酒店入住费用比欧洲许多其他国家都贵。”

他还说：“在这个时候，大家都很需要超值的夏日度假地，不幸的是，英国的一些旅游业做不到这一点。”

对于那些希望借度假把政府的预算削减政策抛到脑后的英国人来说，这一前景显得特别凄凉。英国的紧缩政策是为了节制消费，以应对通胀压力和英镑贬值。《孤独星球指南》说，如果英国人下一些功夫，还是可以找到一些超值的旅游消费地，但是很多人最后可能会为自己选择在国内度假而感到懊悔。伦敦还被选为超昂贵的外出就餐地。“通常，你花5英镑在伯明翰（英国中部）吃一流的咖喱菜，或在德文郡（英国西南部）的乡村酒馆吃自制的牛排啤酒馅饼都好过在伦敦饭店里花30英镑吃所谓的‘现代欧洲’大餐，那味道和罐头食品差不多。”

不过，海外游客无疑是赢家，过去几年许多外国游客都趁英镑贬值来到英国岛度假。

英国的必游之地包括东南部的坎特伯雷，它是英国拥有大教堂的城市中排行居首的旅游地，还有剑桥市，那里的茵茵绿草地使其拥有比竞争对手牛津市“宁静得多的气息和魅力”。不可错过的还有“时髦雅致的代表”格拉斯哥和“源源不绝的凉气储备地”伦敦。

伦敦附近的萨里郡没获得什么好评，“到处是没有生气的城镇和单调、杂乱的郊区”，而威尔士的加地夫则被批为“超级酒鬼城市”。

瑞士：协助自杀禁令遭拒仍是“自杀天堂”

Zurich voters reject ban on “suicide tourism” Voters in Zurich overwhemingly rejected on Sunday proposed bans on assisted suicide and “suicide tourism”--foreigners traveling to Switzerland to receive help ending their lives.Only 15.5 percent of voters in the local referendum backed a ban on assisted suicide, while nearly 22 percent supported a ban on suicide tourism, final results showed.About 200 people commit assisted suicide each year in Zurich.Assisted suicide has been allowed in Switzerland since 1941 if performed by a non-physician who has no vested interest in the death.Euthanasia, or “mercy killing,” is legal only in the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the US state of Oregon.Many terminally ill foreigners--particularly from Germany, France and Britain--travel to Switzerland to commit suicide, taking advantage of the Swiss rules which are among the world's most liberal.But a rise in the number of foreigners seeking to end their lives in Switzerland, and a study showing that more and more people seeking assisted suicides in the country do not suffer from a terminal illness, have provoked heated debate.The Swiss Evangelical People's Party, which had supported the bans, said it regretted the outcome but was pleased it had prompted so much discussion.“We now need to make sure that assisted suicide isn't just extended without limit and also that suicide tourism with foreigners is critically monitored,” it said in a statement.The Swiss government has said it is looking to change the law on assisted suicide to make sure it was used only as a last resort by the terminally ill, and to limit “suicide tourism.” Right-to-die group Exit has agreed rules to govern assisted suicide with prosecutors in Zurich in the hope they might eventually form the basis of national regulation.Foreigners are not explicitly excluded under the new rules, but a Swiss doctor who prescribes the deadly anesthetic must have met the person twice over a period of time to be sure of their wishes.上周日，苏黎世选民以压倒性多数投票否决了禁止协助自杀和“自杀旅游”的议案。不少外国游客前往瑞士“自杀旅游”，寻求帮助结束生命。

此次地方投票结果显示，仅有15.5%的选民支持协助自杀禁令，近22%的选民支持终止自杀旅游。每年大约有200人在苏黎世选择协助自杀。

自1941年以来，协助自杀在瑞士就已合法化，但协助者不能是医生，而且不能从病人的死亡中获利。“安乐死”目前仅在荷兰、卢森堡、比利时、以及美国俄勒冈州合法。

很多晚期患者利用瑞士的这一法规前来协助自杀，尤以来自德国、法国、英国的游客居多。瑞士拥有全球最自由的法规。

但前往瑞士协助自杀的外国人越来越多，而且有调查表明，希望在瑞士协助自杀的人中，并未患有晚期疾病的人数也在增多，这引起了热议。

支持此项禁令的瑞士人民福音党对投票结果表示遗憾，但很高兴看到这激起了热烈讨论。

该党在声明中称：“我们需要确保协助自杀没有无限制增多，以及外国人自杀旅游受到严格监管。”

瑞士政府称，正寻求修改协助自杀的法律，以确保协助自杀仅在疾病晚期时不得以而为之，另外还要限制“自杀旅游”。

协助自杀组织“解脱”已同意了由苏黎世检察官管控协助自杀行为的条例，并希望他们最终可以出台全国条例。

按照新法规，外国人不会被直接排除在外。但提供致命麻醉剂的瑞士医生必须在规定的时间段内探望要求自杀者两次，以确定其自杀愿望。

名人微博可能会降低名人吸引力

Tweeting celebrities risk boring fans – survey Celebrities who bombard fans with Twitter updates are likely to have shorter careers than those who maintain an aura of mystique, according to a survey.Easy access to stars through social networking websites has made them less appealing and increases the likelihood of followers getting bored, music consumer research by publishers Bauer Media said.“In this social media age, it's all too easy to follow your musical icons on a minute-by-minute basis.There's a consensus within the industry that this ease of access is leading to artists losing appeal more quickly,” the report said.The music industry is starting to consider restricting access to certain types of artists in an attempt to boost their staying power in popular culture and lengthen their careers, it added.Although younger fans surveyed said they were thrilled by the idea of 24-hour access to their favourite stars, older respondents said their interest was tempered by a hankering for the days when stars were “more special.” “Meeting bands isn't about waiting for 10 hours outside a gig these days--you can buy a day out with your favourite band.But separation can be good--knowing too much can kill off rock stars,” said Nichola Browne, former editor of music magazine Kerrang!Many celebrities have embraced Twitter as a way of communicating day-to-day musings as well promotional material with fans.Tweets on US singer Katy Perry's page include: “What does it mean when you see the number 33 all the time? For instance, I've seen it over 7 times today.” While US actress Demi Moore, one of Twitter's most prolific celebrity users with over 3.5 million followers, wrote on Friday: “Kind of digging soft curls with a side part.A good change from straight with a middle part?” 根据一项调查，频繁更新Twitter、让粉丝随时知道动态的名人有可能比那些保持神秘感的名人的艺术生涯短。

鲍尔传媒出版集团开展的音乐消费者调查称，能够轻易地通过社交网站接触到明星降低了明星的吸引力，并会使粉丝们更容易对明星感到厌倦。报告称，“在社会媒体时代下，想了解你的音乐偶像每分钟的动态太容易了。业内一致认为，让粉丝能够轻易地接触艺人，会让艺人更快地失去吸引力。” 报告还称，音乐产业开始考虑限制粉丝们和某些类型的艺人的接触，从而让艺人在流行文化中的生命力更持久，延长他们的艺术生涯。

尽管接受调查的年轻粉丝们说，他们对于能够24小时接触自己喜爱的明星感到很兴奋，但是年纪较大的被调查者认为这使他们的热情降温了，他们还是向往过去的日子，那时感觉明星“更特别”。

曾担任过音乐杂志《Kerrang!》编辑的尼古拉•布朗尼说：“如今和乐队见面不需要在演唱会门外等上个十小时，你只要花些钱就能和自己最喜欢的乐队共度一天。但是分离是有好处的，知道得太多会毁掉摇滚歌星的前途。”

许多名人都很喜欢用Twitter，将其视为和歌迷交流每日心得和发布宣传材料的途径。

这是美国歌星凯蒂•佩瑞在自己的Twitter页面上发布的信息：“如果你总是看到数字33，这意味着什么呢？要知道，我今天已经不止7次看到这一数字了。” 美国女演员黛米•摩尔是Twitter最多产的名人用户之一，拥有350多万粉丝。她上周五在Twitter上写道：“有点想弄个带卷的偏分头。也许比中分的直发要好？”

霍金：天堂、来世只是童话故事

Heaven is a fairy tale, says physicist Hawking Heaven is a fairy story for people afraid of the dark, the eminent British theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking said in an interview published on Monday.Hawking, 69, was expected to die within a few years of being diagnosed with degenerative motor neurone disease at the age of 21, but became one of the world's most famous scientists with the publication of his 1988 book “A Brief History of Time.” “I have lived with the prospect of an early death for the last 49 years.I'm not afraid of death, but I'm in no hurry to die.I have so much I want to do first,” he told the Guardian newspaper.“I regard the brain as a computer which will stop working when its components fail.There is no heaven or afterlife for broken down computers;that is a fairy story for people afraid of the dark.” When asked how we should live he said: “We should seek the greatest value of our action.” Hawking gave the interview ahead of the Google Zeitgeist meeting in London where he will join speakers including British finance minister George Osborne and Nobel prize-winning economist Joseph Stiglitz.Addressing the question “Why are we here?” he will argue tiny quantum fluctuations in the very early universe sowed the seeds of human life.The former Cambridge University Lucasian Professor of Mathematics, a post once also held by Isaac Newton, has a history of drawing criticism for his comments on religion.His 2010 book “The Grand Design” provoked a backlash among religious leaders, including chief rabbi Lord Sacks, for arguing there was no need for a divine force to explain the creation of the universe.As a result of his incurable illness Hawking can only speak through a voice synthesizer and is almost completely paralyzed.He sparked serious concerns in 2009 when he was hospitalized after falling seriously ill following a lecture tour in the United States but has since returned to Cambridge University as a director of research.英国著名理论物理学家史蒂芬•霍金在本周一刊登的一次采访中称，天堂是“为害怕黑暗的人编造的童话”。

霍金在21岁时被诊断患有退行性运动神经元病，当时预期寿命不长，但如今他已年届69岁，1988年出版《时间简史》后跻身全球最著名科学家之列。他告诉《卫报》记者：“过去49年我一直觉得自己活不长。我不怕死，但我也不想死太早。我还有那么多要做的事情。”

“我把大脑看成一个计算机，零件坏了之后就会停止工作。对坏掉的电脑来说，根本没有天堂和来世，那是给怕黑的人编的童话。”

当被问及我们应如何生活时他说：“我们应寻求自身的最大价值。” 霍金参加在伦敦举行的谷歌排行榜会议前接受了此次采访。将在此次会议上发言的还有英国财政大臣乔治•奥斯本、诺贝尔奖经济学奖获得者约瑟夫•斯蒂格利茨等人。

在回答“人类为什么会存在”这一问题时，霍金称宇宙形成初期的微小量子波动为人类的出现播下了“种子”。

霍金之前的言论屡次招致宗教界的批评。他曾担任剑桥大学卢卡斯数学教授。艾萨克•牛顿也曾担任这一职务。

他在2010年出版的《伟大的设计》一书中提出，宇宙的存在不需要上帝去解释，遭到宗教领袖的猛烈抨击，其中包括（英国犹太人教会领袖）首席拉比萨克斯勋爵。

由于身患无法治愈的疾病，霍金只能通过语音合成器讲话，而且几乎全身瘫痪。2009年，霍金在美国巡回演讲时曾大病一场，被送往医院，引起了人们的担忧。此后他重返剑桥大学，担任研究主管。

第四篇：视译补充材料

各位同学请注意：

今天的学习任务是1)先将一、二、三部分复习一遍并融会贯通；

2）按视译步骤练习第三部分, 完不成的课下自己抽时间完成3）看录像片（也在自主学习模块中）

4）请大家录制88篇英文短文作为记忆训练和口译训练材料

I．Principles and techniques for sight interpretation

Principles:

1.Syntactic Linearity 顺句驱动

为了避免语言结构重大调整对人脑认知负荷的影响，口译员常常是在总体上依照英文的行文次序，把整个句子切分成意群单位或信息单位，再使用连接词把这些单位连接起来，译出整体意思。

e.g.所有人//都可以借助互联网资源//来学习，//不论他们是哪个民族、//何种性别、//何种

肤色，//只要他们可以介入互联网。

All //can study// by relying on internet recourses// regardless of their races, //nationalities//and sex//providing that they could have access to the internet.2.Readjustment随时调整

指译员根据接收到的新内容调整信息、纠正错误、补充漏译的重要环节。

3.Anticipate适度超前

指口译过程中的预测技能，就是再还不完整的情况下，译员靠自己的能力、知识及临场经验，预测发言人可能要讲的内容而进行超“前翻译”，从而赢得时间，紧跟发言人进行同步翻译。

e.g.套话口译: …我谨代表…//对与会代表表示热烈欢迎//并预祝本次大会

…(取得圆满成功)//

Please allow me to be on behalf of …this conference…and wish the conference

4.Reformulation 信息重组

信息重组是同声传译的总策略，因为中英文语言差别比较大，很难做到一一对应地口译，视译时，英遵循“信息”的原则。也就是将源语信息在目标语中根据目标语的语言习惯重新组织信息。

e.g.Strange behavior on the part of whales in the southern Altlantic has been observed over a number of years now.A team of marine scientists has come up with a new theory to explain this behavior.But a considerable contravercy has been arisen in Argentina about the theory.重组： Over a number of years// whales in the southern Altlantic//have been observed//behaving strangely//.To explain this behavior a team of marine scientists has come

up with a new theory.// But there has arisen a considerable contravercy about the theory// in Argentina.人们发现南大西洋的经鲸鱼行为怪异。// 人们经过多年的观察发现的。// 一些科学家提出了一种新理论，这一理论可以解释这一行为。// 但该理论在阿根廷却引起了争议。

5.Salami Technique 化繁为简

Salami 是意大利语。该技巧指切分句子的技巧，也就是将长句、复杂句进行一些加工处理，反而变成若干个短句或简单句子，便于译员赢得时间，避免信息丢失，内容更利于理解。

e.g.Strange behavior on the part of whales in the southern Altlantic has

been observed over a number of years now.A team of marine scientists has come up with a new theory to explain this behavior.But a considerable contravercy has been arisen in Argentina about the theory.人们发现南大西洋的经鲸鱼行为怪异。// 人们经过多年的观察发现的。// 一些科学家提出了一种新理论，这一理论可以解释这一行为。// 但该理论在阿根廷却引起了争议。

Techniques :

断句、重复、归纳、增补、词性转换、补充、说明、修正/更正

II.Tips for sight interpretation1、因为视译时不能有中断，开始视译时速度可以放慢一点，基本不会有中断的感觉。

2、熟悉各种体裁的口译文稿，了解其不同的结构模式，培养对其敏感度，学会按相关文体的类型、格式预测下文的技巧；

3、事先阅读文稿，分析内容，并在重要逻辑转折的地方做好相关标记，显示应有的逻辑关

系以利掌握信息重点，摆脱文字的束缚，如：/ 表示断句，＿＿表示并列、列举，○表示词序掉换；

4、将信息当单位，而不把语法当单位，长句才能变短句。

5、不要一直找应对的字词，在文字上大转转，应根据意义单位，译出意思、信息。

6、表达概念要明确，用字要简练，否则听众难以听明白。

7、有很长修饰语的长句和复杂句要切成数句短句。

8、尽量顺着意思译，宁可切成很多句，也不要将句子拉得太长。

9、断句后需通过重复、增补、归纳和词性转换等手段对原文信息进行整合，使其信息完整并尽量符合汉语的表达习惯。

10、视译重流畅度，所以不要回头修正，如果一定要修改，最好在后面修正，方式要恰当。

11、总结连词种类，光知道不够，必需会活用与变化。

12、当文中出现附加说明符号时或括号内容，可以用“也就是说”，或“换句话说”。

13、垫/补充的赘词不能太多否则内容会显得松散，占用时间会太多，通常译语发布的时间

不超过原语的时间。

14、国际知名的组织可以原语复读。

III．Three steps for sight interpretation

1)Do the logic analysis andsegmenting on the paper first by using markers.2)Keep practicing until you can do the sight translation of a script fluently.3)Try to keep in mind those typical writing patterns and expressions for later

interpreting.III．Materials for sight interpretation

Text 1.2(P105)

Guangdong Golden Harvest Leather Products Co.Ltd., founded in 1985, is a large-scale joint venture that specializes in the research, development, manufacturing and sales of leather bag wear for mobile phones.//Ever since its establishment, it has set up two large standardized plants of which the surface area amounts to 700 thousand square feet and the construction area covers 300 thousand square feet.With 100 well-qualified professionals of management as well as R&D and more than 1000 skilled workers who have rich experience, the corporation has developed more than 10 trademarks and products which have exclusive patents.//

Based on the business philosophy of “perfect the working staff first, and then bring about the best products” and with a state-of-the-art feedback system of comprehensive marketing information, the company has developed all kinds of products ranking from high class, medium class and low class.This whole selection of fine products offers our customers the utmost enjoyment and satisfaction they would expect.Besides, the company sticks to its high qulity and perfect after-sales service, which ensures customer satisfaction.//

Under the leadership of General Manager Mr.James, the whole staff of Golden Harvest has made concerted efforts to relentlessly seek innovation and perfection.At present, the company has taken on a booming prospect and has been developed into one of the largest manufacturers of leather bag wear for mobile phones.//Moreover, the company has created a famous trademark – “WINNER” series, which is well known in the market and loved by both domestic and overseas customers for its unique design, sophisticated workmanship and high quality.//Its sales network not only covers all over the country including Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR and Taiwan Province, but also spreads to other countries and regions, among which are France, Australia, Canada and some Arab countries such as the United Arab Emirates.As a result, it has formed a highly competitive customers community.//

Guangdong Golden Harvest Leather Products Co.Ltd.will adhere to its operating creed: “Being earnest is the only basis” and will keep its promise forever.We believe that with the support from all our new and old customers, Golden Harvest will survive, flourish and create an even more prosperous future in the new century.//

(Excerpted from the brochure of the company profile of Guangdong Golden Harvest Leather Products Co.Ltd.)

Text 1.2(P98)

广东嘉禾皮具有限公司创立于1985年，是一家集手机皮套的开发、研制、生产、销售为一体的大型专业化合资公司。// 发展至今已拥有两座大型的标准化制造厂，占地面积70万平方英尺，建筑面积30万平方英尺，拥有高素质的专业管理和设计人才近100名，经验丰富的熟练工人1000多名，自主享有专利权的品牌和产品达十多种。

公司本这“先做人，后做事”的经营理念，以领先于时代的创造力和完备的市场信息反馈系统为后盾，不仅拥有高、中、低各种档次齐全的产品，为客户带来五彩缤纷，随心使用的享受。与此同时，还一贯坚持优良的品质和完备的售后服务，保证客户满意。//

公司在总经理詹姆斯先生的领导下，全体嘉禾员工齐心协力、公共拼搏、不断创新、追求完美。呈现出勃勃的生机，并发展成为国内最大的手机皮套制造商之一。//其生成的著名品牌“WINNER”系列，以其独特的设计，精湛的销售网络不仅遍布国内大中城市及港、澳、台地区，还远销法国、澳大利亚、加拿大，以及阿联酋等阿拉伯国家和地区，形成了极具竞争力的客户群。//

广东嘉禾皮具有限公司将永远遵循“只有认真，才是根本”的创业信条，持守承诺，在新的世纪中与所有新老客户共存共荣，共创明天的辉煌！//

（改编自《广东嘉禾皮具有限公司简介》宣传手册）

Text 3.2（P137）

The Important Role of CSR

I am particularly pleased to welcome our main speakers today, as well as those who will be leading our workshops this afternoon.Thanks to all of you, whether you have traveled from the UK, from Hong Kong, or from other parts of China.//

CSR is an area to which the British Government attaches particular importance.Indeed, I believe that the British Government was the first, anywhere in the world,to apponit a Minister with specific responsibility for CSR.// So it is with that mind that we have organized today’s event — an event that which the British Consulate-General in Guangzhou, particularly ourCultural and Education Section, alao known as the British Council, and the British Consulate-General in Hong Kong have worked hard togetherto deliver.// the event has been made possible through funding from the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office, in particular through what is known as the Global OpportunitiesFund, and from the Uk trade & Investment.//

As Chinese companies seek to develop their ambitions of “going global”, or to work in partnership with international companies, as well as to meet the changing expectations of domestic consumes over the coming years, they too will to have to take into account and react to the demands of the gobal consumer — CRS will need toplay an increasinly important role in business planning and decision-making.//In this”work shop of the world”,the source of a major proportion of China’s exports,local

business cannot afford to ignore global trends if they want to play a full role in the global market place.//

CSR的重要地位

首先对今天主要发言人以及下午各个研讨小组主持人的到来表示热烈地欢迎，感谢你们，来自英国，香港或中国其他地区的朋友们。//

英国政府非常重视CRS研究，即企业社会责任这一领域。我相信英国是世界上第一个任命一位部长来负责CRS的国家。//考虑到这一点，我们驻广州领事馆——主要由领馆文化教育处，即英国文化协会负责——和英国驻香港总领事馆合力共同举办今次盛会。//这次盛会得以召开是由于得到英国外交部，特别是外交部所属的“环球机会基金”和英国贸易投资总署共同资助//

在中国公司寻求实现其“走向世界”过程中，或者在与跨国公司合作过程中，亦或在未来几年满足国内消费者不断变化需求的过程中，它们同样要考虑全球的消费者的需求并对此作出反应——在这些过程中CSR会在企业规划和决策中发挥越来越重要的作用。//在中国这个“世界工场”中，大珠三角地区作为中国主要的出口地，本地企业要想在全球市场中发挥更大的作用，忽略全球化趋势将会得不偿失。//

第五篇：视译材料

尊敬的奇普曼所长，尊敬的里布利特所长，尊敬的白尔雅阁下，女士们，先生们，朋友们：大家早晨好！

我十分高兴能够到这里来和英国皇家国际事务研究所和国际战略研究所的朋友们会面。这两个所在世界上都是享有盛誉的，也可以说是顶级的智库，你们中任何一个智库都可以单独举办关于国际、地区、国家任何问题的研讨会。

但是我非常高兴的是，今天两个所联合在一起为我举办一场演讲会。这说明各位对中国问题的关注，也表明你们的确有着丰富的智慧。虽然每个人都有独立的思考，合在一起会有思想的碰撞，但是你们联合举办这场报告会，也表明了包容的心态。我对大家表示钦佩。

包容可以说是人类文明进步的标志。早在中国古代就有思想家明确地提出“和而不同”，“但和为贵”，不谋而合也就在这个时代，欧洲的先哲们提出了，回望人类历史发展的进程，应该是“和谐会产生正义与善”。

因为英国是最早实现工业化的国家，中国还是一个发展中国家。当然，中国是一个有着13亿人口，正在推进现代化的国家，你们表示的关注也是对世界能不能包容的发展表示的关注。

但是对中国的看法有这样那样的说法，这也很正常，中国的古诗就说过，“横看成岭侧成峰”，即便是一座大山，你从不同的角度看，得出的会是不同的印象。我今天力图给大家一个比较完整的印象来认识中国。当然，中国之大、领土之多，不是短短时间能说明的。

中国30多年来，经过改革开放，特别是人民艰苦卓绝的努力。我们解决了6亿人的贫困问题，这可以说是世界上公认的事实，让6亿人吃饱饭、穿暖衣，使他们拥有生存权，也使他们变的有尊严。在这个过程当中，我们所付出的努力也是在开放中实现的，得到了国际社会的支持、帮助，包括在座朋友们的关心，中国是感谢的。但与此同时我们也看到，中国有13亿人口，13亿人口的目标，坚定的意志是要实现现代化，这将是漫长的道路。因为现在我们发展还是不平衡的，虽然中国经济总量是世界第二，但我们的人均GDP在80多位以后。我们人均GDP只有6800美金，而在中国广阔的中西部，才刚刚达到5000美金，甚至在中国西部的一些省份，也不过2000美金。按照国际组织的标准，中国现在还有2亿人生活在贫困线以下。这是我们面临的挑战，也是我们必须克服的困难，才能够实现现代化的目标。

这里我想先说城镇化，为什么？因为中国城镇化的发展是滞后的，我们还有6到7亿人居住在农村。而且由于中国的特殊情况，造成有2亿多中国的农民，他们主要在城里工作。但是我们的财力有限，公共产品的提供有限，他们还不能和过去生活在城市，已经取得户籍人口的人相比，没有同等的享受公共服务的权利。

各位可能不少人去过中国，但是我敢说你们中很少人去过中国的棚户区，我去过那里，而且多次去过那里。我曾经在中国一个重要的工业省份工作，那里在工业化的进程当中，曾经建造了大量的棚户区，历经几十年。进去你会发现它不具备基本的生存条件，不遮雨、不挡风、不抗冻，甚至人们到了寒冬的时候要穿上棉衣、戴上棉帽，加上几层棉被才能入睡，这些人加起来就有3个亿。

所以我们解决现存的3亿人是我们的当务之急，应当逐步解决他们的生存与发展条件。也就是说让已经在东部城市工作的1亿还具有农民身份的人取得正式的城市户籍，享受同等的公共服务。当然根据他们的意愿回到中西部的家乡，就近实现城镇化，因为中国的东部城市容量有限。可能很多人都去过北京、上海，你们会发现这几千万人的城市如果继续膨胀下去，交通拥堵怎么解决？安全饮用水从哪里来？所以我们的中西部也要容纳这些已经在城市工作的。

把这3亿人解决了，我们面对的还有6亿人。如果说前面是第一阶段的话，大家可以想象，这么多人没有若干年，五年还是八年能够解决的，那么到下一个阶段就更难。因为任何发达国家，要实现工业化也必须实现农业的现代化，提高农业的劳动生产率，他的农业劳动人口占的比例都是不超过10%的。让这些人有序地进入城市，这是一个

更加漫长的过程。所以我们说中国要到本世纪中叶才能达到中等国家水平，实现中国式的现代化。

中国30多年来工业化快速发展，取得了世人瞩目的成就。大家都熟悉的“中国制造”，甚至被中国人自己有时候迷惑了。很多中国人出国旅游说我们要买一件国外的产品回来送给自己的朋友，他精心挑选了，买回来以后给自己的朋友时，翻翻里面的标签，“Made in China”，中国货绕了一圈又回来了。

但是我们生产的还是中低端的产品，中国的工业化要向中高端水平迈进。这也是我们需要突破能源、资源和环境瓶颈的必然选择，就是我们要使中国生产的产品更加地节约资源、节约能源，也使中国的产品向更高的质量迈进，也有利于我们一起共同应对气候变化。在这个过程当中，中国会给世界提供巨大的商机。按照现在我们的测算，大概今后五年，我们要累计进口10万亿美元的商品，因为没有进口也就没有出口，贸易不平衡那是不可取的。而且中国还要深度地和世界紧紧融合，将对外投资5000亿美元以上。我昨天和英国的朋友们说了，我到英国了，我在这里想讲的是，希望这些投资优先地选择中国，虽然是企业的行为，但是政府会予以引导和支持。

不仅如此，中国还有5亿的游客要走出国门。去年我们出国的游客已经1亿了，随着工业化、城镇化的推进，会有更多的游客走出国

门到英国来。我听说这座建筑是有250年的历史，不知道对不对游人开放。但是英国可看的地方很多，你们有深厚的文化底蕴。

我前面讲的这两大挑战本身就是人类历史上没有经过的，因为13亿人要实现现代化，走工业化、城镇化的发展之路，需要艰辛的探索。最近几年我们的增长率在7.5%左右。于是也有议论，说中国经济放缓了，会不会继续？是不是硬着陆？这里我诚实地，也是正式地向各位承诺：不会。

为什么？基于我前面讲的两大因素，中国还在工业化、城镇化的进程之中，中国发展的不平衡，区域、城乡间的差距本身就是潜力，有着巨大的力气，只要我们把握方向，继续勤奋地工作，再运用东方的智慧。当然，我们也愿意吸取西方的智慧，中国的经济会长期保持中高速的增长。

就眼前来说，中国政府对经济的运行实行区间调控、定向调控，保证它的下限不越过7.5。或者说能够保证充分就业的增长，使得上限CPI不越过3.5，让人民生活不受大的影响。

第一篇：视译介绍

第二篇：视译材料

第三篇：视译训练材料

第四篇：视译补充材料

第五篇：视译材料

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