倒译总结

第一篇：倒译总结

“倒译”笔记大整理

一般情况下，出现以下这几种情况，文章会出现“倒译”。

1、日文中出现表示动作，行为等的归着点时，应将归着点后置。

例：西に傾きかかった太陽は、この小丘の裾遠く広がった有明の入江の上に、長く曲折しつつはるか水平線の両端に消え入る白い砂丘の上に今は力なくその光りを投げていた。

最佳翻译：西斜的太阳无力地照射着在小山岗远处山嘴伸展开来的有明海海湾，照射着曲曲弯弯、隐隐约约地延伸在远处水平线上的白色沙丘。

说明：原文中红色标记处表明了“太阳照射”的两个中着点，而他们被同一个主语，“无力的太阳”所“照射”，所以此处，当碰到中着点是，要进行倒译，将中着点放到最后。

2、中文中定语，谓语很长时，应进行“倒译”，将中心词作为主语，放在句首。

例：戦後僅か四十年ほどの間に、世界有数の経済大国に発展した日本。資源も資本も持たないアジアの小国日本が、戦後の困難を克服し、二度にわたる石油危機、さらには円高による経済危機をも乗り切り、世界経済における重要な 役割を果たすまでに発展できた原因は、果たして、何だったのであろうか。

最佳翻译：日本在二战后仅四十年间就发展成为世界上为数不多的经济大国。可是，作为一个没有资源，也没有资本的亚洲小国家，日本能够克服战后困难，度过两次石油危机，突破日元贬值所带来的经济危机，实现世界经济中重要角色转变的原因究竟是什么呢？ 说明：“戦後僅か四十年ほどの間に”为一个时间状语用来修饰“発展した”，“ 世界有数の経済大国”为一个定语，这些成分都共同修饰了最后的“日本”，由于前边的状语和定语都太长，所以，这种情况下，我们也会使用“倒译”手法，使得句子不会那么的“头重脚轻”。

3、中文中有多个谓语，且这些谓语存在“主”、“次”之分，可将“次”的部分的谓语提到主语之前，做其定语，而这样就可更加着重后边重要的部分。技巧：翻译此类句子是，我们一般着重两点：“句子的排列习惯”与“通篇文章的语境”。

个人记忆方法：Xは谓语1，2，3====谓语1，2 Xは谓语3（此处，谓语1，2为“次重点”，谓语3为“重点”，所以谓语1，2提前做定语。）

例：1929年我刚从美国留学回来，那时他还是北新书局的小职员，常来给我送稿费。最佳翻译：1929年,米国から帰国したばかりの時、北新本屋の平社員だった彼がよく私に原稿料を届けてくれた。

说明：文中标红处为“彼”的；两个谓语，而两者分主次之后，则会有两种方式进行翻译。译文当中突出了“彼”与作者的关系，从而“社员”一事则作为定语放在了主语前边，突出后边的“关系”。

4、当中文中用人称来修饰一个主语时，人称不放在句首。

例：理论家们对电影艺术理论的认识仍为旧艺术理论的评价标准所禁锢着。

最佳翻译：映画芸術理論に対する理論家たちの認識は依然として古い芸術理論の評価と標準を束縛されている。说明：“理论家们的认识”，“对电影艺术理论的的认识”，此处，“理论家”和“对电影艺术理论”都成了“认识”的定语，此时，要记得，人称代词不放句首。

5、因运用修辞手法而产生的“倒译”。

例：七日夜半から八日未明にかけ、東京は激しいにわか雨に見舞われ、練馬や世田谷など周辺区ではごろごろと季節はずれの雷も鳴った。

最佳翻译：7日夜至8日凌晨，东京地区遭遇特大暴雨，练马、世田谷等周边地区雷声大作，仿佛搞错了天气。

说明：“季節はずれの雷”运用了修辞手法，夸张体现了雷声之大，此处要进行“倒译”，这样更符合中文的语序。

第二篇：倒桩总结

[倒桩总结]

1.举右手示意倒桩开始；（如果前面一位考试人员没有停好车子在离第1边线1.5M位置以外，需要自行调整好车位后示意）；

2.上驾驶位，调整好座椅到合适位置，查看两个反光镜是否正常，左脚置于离合器，右脚置于油门边；

3.熟悉档位，轻踏离合器，挂后档准备倒车，确保车头不触碰第1边线；

4.车行驶至一、四杆重合的时候立即向右打两圈方向盘到底；

5.继续行驶，头向右后方倾斜查看后尾厢离第二杆差不多30CM时向左回一圈；

6.立即坐正，查看左反光镜出现第四杆时向左回一圈，让方向盘使前轮摆正，此时前后可以轻踏离合器半连动或停车查看与库边距离判断修正车身；

7.修正过程注意尾厢宽即方向盘向哪边打，确保车身与库边距离为30CM左右；

8.车行驶至乙库尾离四五杆约30CM时停车；（考试时停车约5秒）

9.移库开始，向右打方向盘两圈，挂前进1档，轻松离合器；

10.车行驶至左雨刷下黑点对正第一杆时迅速向左回四圈；

11.车行驶至第二杆在车身正中央时，向右回两圈摆正前轮，置第二杆在车身中央，并且离二杆约30CM；

12.挂后退档，向右打方向盘两圈，松离合器后退，左雨刷黑点接近第三杆时，注意左前大灯不要驶出库边为准，迅速向左回四圈；

13.车身后退摆正时迅速向右回两圈，使前轮摆正，后退离第五杆约30CM停车；（到此为两个“二四二”方向盘完成）

14.此时车身应该大部分停在甲库，根据停车位置决定下一个“一二一”方向盘的打法；

15.一般情况，向右打一圈方向盘（打多少以车头不出甲库库边为准判断），挂前进1档，轻松离合器；

16.车行驶至车头离第二杆10-15CM时，向左回两圈方向盘，车身摆正后，向右回一圈，摆正前轮，车行驶至第二杆约30CM时停车；

17.根据此时车身离库中线距离判断第二次后退的方向盘打法，挂后退档松离合器，一般情况下向右打方向盘一圈，结果是使后轮完成进入甲库后立即向左回两圈；

18.车身摆正后，向右回一圈方向盘，使得车身在甲正中央，即离库中线约30CM时，将车后退至库尾第六杆约30CM处；（考试时停车约5秒）

19.准备从乙库出库到左方停车，即向左打一圈方向盘，挂前进1档松离合器，车行驶至左手母指、左车头与第三杆三点一线的时候向右回一圈；

20.确保左右反光镜不触碰第三、二杆向左边出库；

21.从左窗探头查看尾厢出来第三杆约30CM位置时，方向盘向左打两圈继续行驶，车身差不多摆正的时候，向右回两圈停车；

22.准备退回甲库，挂后退档松离合器，车行驶至左车窗、第三、六杆重合成一第直线的时候，向左打两圈方向盘；

23.此时可以从左窗探头查看尾厢与第二杆的距离，然后从右反光镜查看，当出现第一杆时立即向右回一圈，当出现第六杆时回第二圈；

24.此时可以半连动离合器或停车查看车身是否摆正顺利退入甲库，经过修正车完全退入甲库的时候即刻停车；（考试时停车约5秒）

25.准备出甲库到始发点，挂前进1档松离合器，右回头查看尾厢还差30CM出库时立即向右打两圈方向盘，行驶到始发点；

26.确保车头不触碰第一边线，离第一边线约1.5M处停车，方便第下位学员考试，下车，整个倒桩过程顺利完成；

第三篇：倒闸操作总结

倒闸操作总结

为了配合供电局外网检修，我部于9月3日—9月7日进行了三次倒闸操作。为保证倒闸操作的顺利进行，我部认真组织学习了有关倒闸操作的一系列制度及操作规程，并总结了以往的操作经验，为提高操作质量，缩短操作时间提供了必要条件。

在此次倒闸操作过程中，每天的倒闸操作均有领导人负责把关，对出现的每一个细节问题，相关领导都做了深入细致的分析，并且对每天的工作进行总结，及时的发现问题、解决问题。此次的倒闸工作在各部门员工的通力协作、相互支持下顺利的完成。

通过此次倒闸操作任务，我们也发现了在工作中也存在的一些问题，比如缺乏部门间的协调与沟通，员工的职业技能有待加强等，我们会在接下来的时间里组织一些相关的培训，不断提高自身的素质，加强部门间的沟通，为日后的工作做好充分准备。

第四篇：关于汉译英的译法总结

关于汉译英的译法总结

英译汉与汉译英有两个重要的问题：增词/减词；词性转换。我们知道学习英语翻译首先要搞清英语与汉语的语言差异，这与中西方文化的差异有很大的关系，我们没有太多时间去完全掌握西方的文化背景，在这里总结了一下在汉译英时所 翻译出来的英语应具备的特点：

1、句式结构为：废话+主语+主要的话+废话，所以在汉译英时，当多个分句进行组合时需要找出主要矛盾，次要矛盾；

2、善用长句，不用标点。在进行汉译英是多为合译，中文短句通过一定的介词连词进行句子组合；

3、善用连词，英语为形合式语言，句与句之间善用连词连接，句子多为长句；

4、善用名词、形容词。英文属弱势语言，善用弱势动词，因此汉译英的关键点在于找出最重要的动词，将中文中的强势动词进行弱势动词的过渡，一个地道的英文句子中动词越少越好；

5、善用代词。中文中善用名词或者名词省略，而英文中多用代词指代；

6、常用标点符号：“;:-”

7、评论性语句顺序为先评论再事实；

8、语言结构为先总后分；

9、善用表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句，而中文善用宾语从句。如，我记得：the memory of….(表语从句)；what I remembered is that…(主语从句)汉译英翻译步骤：

1、断句。中文句子较短，首先判断哪些句子应该放在一起翻译。

2、找动词（核心谓语动词）。判断句子中哪个动词重要，哪个不重要。

3、找连词（在多个分句同时存在时使用）；

4、翻译；

5、重读。

英文句式特点：

1．主谓搭配问题（平衡）

中文由于强调句子中的某个成分主语较长，谓语、宾语较短，而英文的主谓宾分配比较均匀，没有固定的强调结构。我们也称中文为“非平衡性语言”，英文为“平衡性语言”。

如，中国的海洋资源十分丰富。译为：China is rich in marine resource.而不是译为：China’s marine resource are very rich.2．评论与事实（先评论后事实）翻译时，英文是先评论后事实。

如，中国要在短时间内达到粮食高产国家的水平难度较大。其中难度较大是评论，前面是事实。翻译时应为：it will be difficult for China to reach the level of countries with high grain yield in the short period of time.如何找核心谓语动词？ 谓语动词的层次性。如，我进去看了。1找核心谓语动词：进 2找非谓语或从句：看 3介词：去

4还有动词则不译 翻译为：I came in to have a look.如，我只记得门警是瑞士的兵士，穿着黄色的制服。1核心谓语动词：记得 2非谓语或从句：是 3介词：穿着

翻译为：I remembered that the guards at the gate were swiss solder in yellow unionforms.如何判断主次？

答：一般来说，先发生的动词更加重要，而后发生的动作不是那么重要，可以把前面的动词翻译为核心谓语，后面的翻译为非谓语动词。我们把句子中最主要的动词作为句子的“核心谓语”，其次重要的是“非谓语动词或从句”，再次重要的是“介词”，最不重要的“不翻译”。一．连词的使用：

1、句与句没关系用and

2、句与句并列用while。

二．动词的使用原则（动词的过渡）：

中文中的强势动词在英文中常找一个弱势动词进行过渡。如，谓语动词的过渡。

我支持你：I give you a support.我买了一辆车：I made a purchase of a car.如，中国政府愿借此机会介绍中国海洋事业的发展。“介绍”的直接翻译为“introduce”,而我们在翻译时，翻译为“make an introduction of”,用弱势动词“make”来过渡，把强势动词introduce变成了抽象名词。三．代词/物主代词： 中文善用省略代词，而英文的每个名词前都需要有代词或冠词，所以汉译英时一定不要忘记名词前代词的存在。如，出口产品可由合营企业直接或与其有关的委托机构向国外市场出售，也可通过中国的外资机构出售。译为：An equity joint venture sells its foreign products to foreign markets directly through associated agency or foreign trade agency of China.其its不要忘记。四．定语的处理原则：

中文中几乎所有定语都是前置的，只有一种是后置的是由“之”引起的定语后置。英语句式：

1、词+词的情况下，前置多，后置少。后置的情况有：

1形容词+不定代词：something important；

2过去分词作定语可以后置：a children adopted； 3以“a”开头的形容词作定语时后置：a cat alive。

2、词组或句子修饰词时后置。五．译人名、代词原则

1、译英文姓与名之间要有.2、英文名出现第一次译全称，第二次只译姓。

3、总体来说，一般先使用全称，第二次使用半称，第三次使用代词，第四次不译，第五次用全称。

六．专有名词：

笔译中即使有专有名词，我们也要用全称，而不是缩写。如，联合国，the United Nations.中国政府，the Chinese Government.七．古文的翻译

古文的翻译不可直接使用中文拼音，要用解释的方法来阐述。如，亲仁善邻，国之宝也。意思是热爱自己的人民和对待自己的邻居很好，这些对一个国家来说是非常珍贵的。所以翻译为：loving people and treating neighbors kindly are most valuable to a country.方法： 一．定主语

1、中文主语过长时，同时出现偏正短语，则取偏作主语。如，合营企业的形式为有限责任公司。

An equity joint venture takes the forms of a limited liability company.而如果译为：the form of an equity joint venture is a limited liability company.则主宾过长而谓语过短。

汉译英时，将中文的句子变成“中文的英文句式”，然后字对字翻译。如，合营企业的资本如果转让必须经过各方同意。

转变成：如果合营者转让注册资本，那么这件事情必须经过合营各方同意。

译为：if one side wishes to assign its registered capital, it must obtain the consent of each party to the venture.wishes to 是动词的过渡。

如，合营企业的有关外汇事宜应遵照中华人民共和国外汇管理条例办理。译为：…holds its foregin exchange transactions, according to …

如，合营企业的一切活动应遵守中华人民共和国法律法令和条例的规定。

译为：an equity joint venture engages in all activities according to the provisions of laws, decrees and pertinent regulations of the People’s Republic of China.2、无主语句用被动语态（或增主语）/隐形被动语态。

如，鼓励合营企业向中国境外销售产品（离动词最近的名词作主语）译为：…is encouraged to sell its products outside China.如，19981年时联合国确定的国际海洋年。是。。确定的，即为被动语态。如。。，但是经过努力是完全可以实现的。是。。可以实现的。属于隐形被动语态。译为：but the goal can be achieved through earnest efforts.3、寻找隐藏主语。

如，合营企业的总经理副总经理（的职务）分别由合营各方分别担任：the positions of …are assumed by …

找主语方法：由谓语来决定主语是谁。

4、句首主语过多。

句首如果出现很多名词而判断不出主语时，可根据谓语来判断主语。

如，合营各方发生纠纷，董事会不能解决时，由中国的仲裁机构进行调解或仲裁，也可由合营各方协议在其他仲裁机构仲裁。由“调解或仲裁”以及“仲裁”可知主语为“纠纷”。

译为：Disputes arising from each party to the venture, which board of directors cannot settle may be settled through arbitration or conciliation by China’s arbitration agency or through arbitration by another arbitration agency agreed upon by each party to the venture.本句将“合营各方发生的”译为现在分词。将时间状语从句“董事会不能解决时”译为非限定性定语从句。“调节和仲裁”进行了动词的过渡，译为“may be settled through arbitration or conciliation”.5、就近原则（把离动词最近的作为主语）

如，鼓励合营企业向中国境外销售产品。译为：An equity joint venture is encouraged to sell its products outside China.将合营企业作为主语。如，鼓励外国合营者将可汇出的外汇存入中国银行。译为：A foreign side is encouraged to deposit its foreign exchange which was entitled to remit abroad in Bank of China.其中将外国合营者作为主语。“可汇出的”译为定语从句。二．增词与减词（一般来说汉译英常减词）1增减对象词或范围词。

如，我国先秦思想家：our Chinese thinkers in Pre-Qin days about 2000 years ago.2增减范畴词。如，中国陆地自然资源人均占有量低于世界平均水平：China’s land resources percapita is lower than world average.将范畴词“水平”减掉。

如，我有五百元钱。译为：I have five hundred yuan.如，在播种面积相对稳定的前提下。译为：given the relatively stable sowing area.范畴词“前提”不译。

附六个经典范畴词：方式、方法、水平、问题、情况、途径。3增减动词。

三．本位词与外位语的译法

1、用…, which…

2、用the fact that…was…。。这一切。。：前面省略部分为外位语，后面省略部分为本位词，中间用非限定性定语从句翻译。

四．条件状语从句

句子长可以放在句末翻译。

如，只要1996年到2010年粮食单产年均递增1%，2011年到2030年年均递增0.7%，就可以达到预期的粮食总产量目标。译为：the predicted total output target of grain can be reached, if the annual average increase rate of per unit area yield of grain is 1% from 1996 to 2010 and 0.7% from 2011 to 2030.五．倍数表达法

倍数+as+原级+as+比较对象 倍数+比较级+than+比较对象

第五篇：视译材料

China is Australia’s Land of Opportunity

On January 31, 2014, the Chinese ambassador to Australia MA Zhaoxu published in The Australian Financial Review a signed article with the title of ―China is Australia‘s land of opportunity‖.The full text is as follows:

Last week China released economic data for 2013, which shows GDP grew by 7.7 per cent, a mid-to-high growth rate in global terms.More than 13 million new urban jobs were created, more than in any previous year.Total imports approached $US2 trillion.Overseas direct investment by Chinese enterprises exceeded $US90 billion.Given the lingering international financial crisis, the unrecovered world economy and China‘s effort of economic restructuring, such a ―score report‖ is a hard-won achievement.Moreover, with uncertainties in the global economy and unusual sensitivities of the international market to macro-policy developments in major economies, China‘s stable fiscal and monetary policies as well as reasonable liquidity have sent a clear signal of stability to international market expectations.This is an act of responsibility by China in the interest of the world economy.The figures also mean an upgrading of China‘s economic growth and show that huge opportunities may arise for the global and the Australian economy.China‘s service sector accounted for 46.1 per cent of the country‘s GDP in 2013, up from 44.6 per cent in 2012, outperforming the industrial sector for the first time.The service sector has become a new growth engine, setting economic growth on a healthier, long-term trajectory.China-Australia co-operation in the service sector is moving forward fast.China has been Australia‘s largest export market for service products for three years in a row.Our two-way trade in services reached $8.5 billion and Australia exported $6.7 billion worth of service products to China in 2012-2013.China is Australia‘s largest source of international students, second-largest source of inbound tourists as well as the fastest-growing inbound tourism market.Far-sighted Australian enterprises have been capitalising on opportunities provided by the new momentum.ANZ won approval for a sub-branch in the Shanghai Free Trade Zone last November.Andrew Whitford, Westpac‘s head of Greater China, said Australian companies should establish themselves in the new zone as there are ―enormous opportunities‖.In 2013, the GDP of central and western parts of China was 44 per cent of China‘s total, up by 0.2 per cent on the previous year.The per capita net income of rural residents grew by 9.3 per cent in real terms, 2.3 per cent higher than that of urban residents.The income gap between urban and rural residents shrank from 3.10 in 2012 to 3.03.This trend for four consecutive years is a sign that regional development disparity has been easing, unleashing huge market potential for the vast hinterland areas.Australian enterprises have been increasingly active in the development of central and western China, which will help Australia gain a head start in China‘s economic restructuring.Despite a softening of its economy, with 2013 growth the same as 2012, China still has robust demand for Australian energy and resources.China‘s economic aggregate is now on a much larger base than before, with a GDP of US$9.18 trillion, the second largest economy for four years running.A larger, better-quality and more stable Chinese economy will bring even more opportunities to the world.The urbanisation rate rose by 1.16 per cent to 53.73 per cent in 2013 which shows China still has a large demand for infrastructure building.China‘s outbound trade and investment will continue to expand with outbound investment expected to reach $US500 billion over five years.This is good news to Australian businesses in energy, resources and agriculture.This year is going to be vital to world economic recovery.It will also be an important year for upgrading China-Australia economic ties.Both nations should work together to seize new opportunities and fully tap co-operation potential.澳大利亚经济的新机遇

2014年1月31日，中国驻澳大利亚大使马朝旭在当地主流媒体《澳大利亚金融评论报》发表题为《澳大利亚经济的新机遇》的署名文章。全文如下：

上周中国国家统计局发布数据显示，2013年中国国内生产总值（GDP）增长了7.7%。这个数字从全球范围看，保持了中高速增长。全年城镇新增就业人数超过1300万，是历年最多的。去年中国进口额接近2万亿美元，中国企业对外直接投资也超过了900亿美元。这一成绩来之不易，是在国际金融危机余波未平、世界经济尚待复苏和中国经济转型升级的背景下产生的。在世界经济不确定因素较多、国际市场对主要经济体宏观政策动向异常敏感的情况下，中国稳定财政、货币政策，保持合理的流动性，向国际市场发出了明确的稳定预期的信号，这也是中国对世界经济发展的负责任之举。

新公布的数据也释放出中国经济增长结构优化，以及这种转变对世界和澳大利亚经济带来巨大机遇的积极信息。根据中国国家统计局的数据，第三产业占中国GDP比重从2012年的44.6%上升为2013年46.1%，首次超过以工业、采矿业、建筑业为代表的第二产业。中国的经济已由过去依靠制造业的“单轮驱动”发展到如今制造业、服务业双增长的“双轮驱动”，服务业正成为中国经济长期持续健康发展与优化升级的新引擎和新动力。中澳服务业合作正处于快速发展时期。中国已连续3年成为澳最大的服务产品出口市场。2012-2013财年双边服务贸易近85.3亿澳元，其中，澳对华出口66.6亿澳元。中国已成为澳大利亚最大的留学生来源国、第二大海外游客来源国，也是增长最快的旅客市场。一些有战略眼光的澳大利亚企业已经敏锐捕捉到了商机。澳新银行在去年11月正式登陆上海自贸区。西太银行（Westpac）大中华区总裁魏安德（Andrew Whitford）认为，澳洲企业应当考虑将进驻上海新自贸区作为与中国投资者产生联系的一种方式。

2013年，中国中西部地区GDP总量占全国的44.4%，比2012年提高0.2个百分点。中国农村居民人均纯收入实际增长9.3%，比城镇居民人均可支配收入实际增速高2.3个百分点，增速连续四年快于城镇，城乡居民人均收入倍差由上年的3.10缩小为3.03。这些数据表明长期困扰中国经济发展的城乡失衡、区域失衡问题正得到逐步缓解，中国庞大的中西部和农村市场潜力正不断释放。我们看到，澳企业正日益积极地参与到中国西部地区的发展中来。我相信这将帮助澳在中国经济转型中占得先机。

中国对澳能源资源等需求依然强劲稳健。尽管2013年中国经济增速与2012年持平，较过去有所下降，但总体增量却比以前要大得多。中国GDP总量已经达到9.18万亿美元，连续4年成为世界第二大经济体。一个总量更大、增长质量更高、增长速度更稳的中国经济将为世界、为澳大利亚带来更多机遇。2013年，中国城镇化率同比提高1.16%，达53.73%，并有望在未来十年保持年均1.2%的提升速度。中国仍需进行大量的基础设施建设。同时，中国对外贸易与投资不断扩大，未来五年，中国对外投资规模将达到5000亿美元。这对于澳能源资源的开发与出口、农产品国际市场的开拓等，无疑都是好消息。

2014年是世界经济走向复苏的重要年份，也是中澳经贸合作升级发展的关键一年。中澳双方应该携手努力，发掘合作潜力，为两国人民带来更多实实在在的利益。

Secretary-General’s Message Calling for the Observance of the Olympic Truce for the Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in Sochi, Russian Federation, 7-23 February & 7-16

March 2014

New York, 31 January 2014

On the eve of the Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in Sochi, I join the International Olympic Committee in calling on all those engaged in armed hostilities around the world to lay down their weapons and observe the Olympic Truce.The participants in the Sochi Games may carry the flags of many nations, but they come together under the shared banner of equality, fair play, mutual respect and non-discrimination.I encourage all those involved in the games—Governments, groups, organizations and individuals—to uphold and defend these core Olympic ideals.In calling for this year‘s Truce, my thoughts are with the people of Syria, the Central African Republic, South Sudan and all others suffering from senseless violence, including the families who lost loved ones in the recent bombings that took place in Volgograd, not far from Sochi.I call on all combatants everywhere to respect the Olympic Truce, which has been adopted by all 193 United Nations Member States.Overcoming conflict is a constant struggle—but we must persist in doing our utmost to win adherence to it.The Olympic Truce is rooted in the hope that if people and nations can put aside their differences for one day, they can build on that to establish more lasting cease-fires and find paths towards durable peace, prosperity and human rights.For these next few weeks, may the torch of the Olympic and Paralympic Games in Sochi remind us what is possible when nations unite.呼吁在冬季奥运会和残奥会期间遵守奥林匹克休战致辞

2014年2月7日至23日和3月7日至16日在俄罗斯联邦索契举行

在索契冬季奥运会和残奥会前夕，我和国际奥林匹克委员会一道，呼吁世界各地武装敌对行动的参与方放下武器，遵守奥林匹克休战。

世界各国运动员和工作人员，高举平等、公平竞争、相互尊重和互不歧视的旗帜，前来索契参加冬奥会和残奥会。我鼓励各国政府、团体、组织和个人等参加冬运会的各个方面，坚持并捍卫奥林匹克的核心理想。

在今年发出奥林匹克休战呼吁之际，我想到了叙利亚、中非共和国、南苏丹三国人民，想到了其他所有遭受无谓暴力的人民和家庭，想到了最近在伏尔加格勒爆炸袭击中失去亲人的家庭。

联合国193个会员国通过了奥林匹克休战专项决议，我呼吁世界各地的所有战斗人员尊重奥林匹克休战。消除冲突固然无法一蹴而就，但是我们必须竭尽全力遵守奥林匹克休战。

奥林匹克休战的理念深深扎根于世界人民的希望之中，即如果各族人民和各个国家能够克服分歧，哪怕只有一天的时间，也能够建立起更加持久的奥林匹克休战，并找到实现持久和平、繁荣和人权的道路。我希望索契冬奥会和残奥会的火炬，在未来数周的时间里时刻提醒我们，如果世界各国能够齐心协力，那么世界上的任何挑战都是可以战胜的。

Statement by Secretary Kerry on 2014 Lunar New Year

January 31, 2014

On behalf of President Obama and the American people, I am delighted to extend best wishes to the many people around the world who celebrate the arrival of the Lunar New Year on January 31.In this festive time, we should all take a moment to pause and reflect on the shared humanity that ties us together – not just here in America, but around the world.As a Pacific nation, the United States is deeply committed to strengthening our partnerships throughout the Asia-Pacific.That‘s why President Obama recently announced the Young Southeast Asian Leaders Initiative.That‘s why we‘re investing in the Fulbright Program.And that‘s why we‘re deepening our economic cooperation, improving regional security, and advancing mutual understanding across cultures, faiths, and nations.As millions around the world welcome the Year of the Horse, the United States sends heartfelt wishes for good health and prosperity.May the New Year bring ever greater cooperation in pursuit of our common goals.国务卿约翰·克里（John Kerry）2014阴历新年声明

2014年1月31日

我很高兴代表欧巴马总统和美国人民向世界各地在1月31日庆祝阴历新年的众多人民表示最良好的祝愿。

在节日到来之际，我们应该利用这个机会思考把我们联系在一起的共同人性—不仅在美国，而且在全世界。

作为一个太平洋国家，美国高度承诺加强我们在整个亚太地区的伙伴关系。正是因为如此，欧巴马总统不久前宣布了“东南亚青年领袖行动计划”（Young Southeast Asian Leaders Initiative）。正是因为如此，我们正为富布赖特项目（Fulbright Program）投入资源。正是因为如此，我们正在深化我们的经济合作，加强地区安全，促进与各种文化、信仰和国家的相互理解。

值此全世界各地千百万人迎来马年（Year of the Horse）之际，美国衷心祝愿诸位身体健康，兴旺发达。愿新的一年为我们实现共同目标促成更大程度的合作。

Secretary-General’s Message on International Day of Zero Tolerance to Female Genital

Mutilation February 2014

As Secretary-General of the United Nations, I hold high the banner of empowering women and girls, promoting their health and defending their rights.The International Day of Zero-Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation is an opportunity to confront this persistent problem – and to find hope in initiatives proving that it can end.We should strive to preserve the best in any culture, and leave harm behind.There is no developmental, religious or health reason to cut or mutilate any girl or woman.Although some would argue that this is a ‗tradition,‘ we must recall that slavery, socalled honour killings and other inhumane practices have been defended with the same weak argument.Just because a harmful practice has long existed does not justify its continuation.All ‗traditions‘ that demean, dehumanize and injure are human rights violations that must be actively opposed until they are ended.FGM causes grave harm to individuals.The immediate and long-term health consequences include constant pain, infections, incontinence and sometimes deadly complications in pregnancy and childbirth.The practice is declining in almost all countries but it is still frighteningly widespread.Although firm statistics are difficult to obtain, it is estimated that more than 125 million girls and women alive today have been cut in 29 countries in Africa and the Middle East, where FGM is most prevalent and data exist.If current trends continue, some 86 million young girls worldwide are likely to experience some form of the practice by 2030.Asia, Europe, North America and other regions are not spared and must be equally vigilant in addressing the problem.Fortunately there are positive signs of progress in our global push to end this harmful practice.Girls themselves instinctively understand the dangers of being cut, and many mothers who have seen or experienced the trauma want to shield their daughters from suffering.It is encouraging that an increasing number of communities are coming together and agreeing publically to end FGM and ensure a better life for their girls.Recently, Uganda, Kenya and Guinea-Bissau adopted laws to end FGM.In Ethiopia, those responsible have been arrested, tried and penalized, with full media coverage further raising public awareness.The United Nations and our partners are engaged in valuable, culturally sensitive activities that aim to stop FGM without scolding or shame.In Sudan, we are seeing social change from a campaign called ―Saleema,‖ the Arabic word that implies complete, intact, whole and untouched.One father moved by the effort who decided to leave his daughters uncut explained simply, ―A girl is born Saleema, so leave her Saleema.‖ Hundreds of communities have embraced this initiative, expressing their support through songs, poetry and clothes in the campaign‘s trademark bright colours.Other countries are emulating Saleema or coming up with solutions tailored to their local needs, such as Kenya, where Meru community elders have prohibited FGM and vow to impose a fine on anyone who conducts or abets the practice

In addition to prevention, the United Nations is working with partners to help those who have been affected by FGM.Pioneering medical advances now allow doctors to repair women‘s bodies and restore their health.I recall the words of one physician working in Burkina Faso who described ―the relief that overwhelms women‖ following the surgery, which she said is 100 per cent effective.The many women who lack the resources needed to travel to the right facilities and the programmes that offer proper treatment deserve generous support.The General Assembly‘s landmark resolution proclaiming this commemorative Day was sponsored by every country in Africa and embraced by the entire membership of the United Nations.This breakthrough shows the great value of the United Nations in rising as one to defend universal human rights.Now our challenge is to give real meaning to this Day by using it to generate public support, trigger legal and practical advances, and help girls and women at risk of or affected by FGM.The effect on individuals will be profound, sparing them pain and spurring their success.The benefits will reverberate across society as these girls and women thrive and contribute to a better future for all.残割女性生殖器零容忍国际日致辞

2014年2月6日

“保存文化精华，扬弃有害做法”

我作为联合国秘书长，要大张旗鼓地增强妇女和女童的权能，推动维护她们的健康，捍卫她们的权利。残割女性生殖器零容忍国际日为我们提供了机会，来正视这个长期问题，通过各种证明可以解决问题的举措来找到希望。

我们应努力保存文化精华，扬弃有害做法。

无论残割任何女童或妇女，都没有任何成长、宗教或健康方面的理由。虽然有些人争辩说，这是一个“传统”，但我们必须提醒人们，这个苍白无力的理由也同样被用来为蓄奴、所谓名誉杀人和其他不人道做法辩解。不能仅仅因为一个有害的做法存在多年，就以此为理由把它继续下去。所有侮辱人格、把人不当人和伤害人的“传统”都是侵犯人权，必须积极予以反对，直至将其杜绝。

残割女性生殖器的行为给个人造成严重伤害。立即出现和长期的健康后果包括持续疼痛、感染、失禁，有时还会在怀孕和分娩期间导致致命的并发症。

这个做法正在几乎所有国家逐渐减少，但仍令人非常不安地普遍存在。虽然难以获得确凿的统计数字，但据估计，在盛行残割女性生殖器而且可以得到数据的29个非洲和中东国家，当今生活着1.25亿以上受过残割的女童和妇女。如果当前的趋势继续下去，到2030年，世界各地很可能又有大约8 600万年幼的女童遭受某种形式的残割。亚洲、欧洲、北美和其他地区也未幸免，必须同样保持警惕，解决这个问题。

幸运的是，我们为推动结束这个有害做法而开展的全球努力出现了积极的进展迹象。女童们自己本能地懂得残割的危险，很多曾亲眼目睹或亲身遭受这种残害的母亲也希望保护自己的女儿，使其免于苦难。我们感到鼓舞地看到，正有越来越多的社区齐心协力，公开同意结束残割女性生殖器的做法，确保本社区的女童享有更美好的人生。

最近，乌干达、肯尼亚和几内亚比绍通过了法律，结束残割女性生殖器的做法。在埃塞俄比亚，那些应承担罪责的人受到逮捕、审判和惩罚，而且媒体做了全面报道，以提高公众的认识。

联合国和我们的合作伙伴们正在开展意义重大和注意文化特点的活动，争取不横加指责或羞辱地制止残割女性生殖器的做法。

在苏丹，称为“沙利玛”的宣传运动正带来社会变化，阿拉伯语的这个词意味着完整无缺、完美如初。有一个父亲为这项努力所感动，决定不让自己的女儿受到残割，他的解释很简单：“女孩生下来是完美的，应该让她永远完美”。成百上千的社区接受了这个倡议，谱写歌曲和诗歌，并用在这次宣传运动中作为标志的鲜艳色彩做成衣服，来表示支持。其他一些国家效仿了沙利玛运动的办法，或是想出了适合本地情况的解决办法。例如，在肯尼亚，梅鲁社区的长老们已经禁止残割女性生殖器，并誓言对任何施行这个做法的人或教唆者处以罚款。

除了预防之外，联合国正与合作伙伴们一道努力，帮助那些受害于残割女性生殖器做法的人。现在，医学的开拓性进展使得医生们能够修复女性的身体，恢复她们的健康。一个在布基纳法索工作的医生曾形容，妇女们在经过手术之后如何“因痛苦的解除而激动不已”。她说，这一手术达到100%见效。很多缺乏必要资源，无法前往正确的设施和方案接受适当治疗的妇女应该得到慷慨资助。

宣布这一纪念日的重要大会决议的提案国包括了每一个非洲国家，决议得到联合国全体会员国的支持。这一突破显示了联合国通过一体行动，捍卫世界人权所产生的巨大作用。我们现在面对的挑战是使这个纪念日实际收效，为此利用这项活动来争取全体公众支持，促成法律和实践方面的进步，并帮助那些有可能或已经受害于残割女性生殖器做法的女童和妇女。

这将使个人受到深刻的影响，让她们免于痛苦，促使她们取得成功。随着这些女童和妇女茁壮成长，为所有人的更美好未来做出贡献，整个社会都将受益。

China is Australia’s Land of Opportunity On January 31, 2014, the Chinese ambassador to Australia MA Zhaoxu published in The Australian Financial Review a signed article with the title of ―China is Australia‘s land of opportunity‖.The full text is as follows:

Last week China released economic data for 2013, which shows GDP grew by 7.7 per cent, a mid-to-high growth rate in global terms.More than 13 million new urban jobs were created, more than in any previous year.Total imports approached $US2 trillion.Overseas direct investment by Chinese enterprises exceeded $US90 billion.Given the lingering international financial crisis, the unrecovered world economy and China‘s effort of economic restructuring, such a ―score report‖ is a hard-won achievement.Moreover, with uncertainties in the global economy and unusual sensitivities of the international market to macro-policy developments in major economies, China‘s stable fiscal and monetary policies as well as reasonable liquidity have sent a clear signal of stability to international market expectations.This is an act of responsibility by China in the interest of the world economy.The figures also mean an upgrading of China‘s economic growth and show that huge opportunities may arise for the global and the Australian economy.China‘s service sector accounted for 46.1 per cent of the country‘s GDP in 2013, up from 44.6 per cent in 2012, outperforming the industrial sector for the first time.The service sector has become a new growth engine, setting economic growth on a healthier, long-term trajectory.China-Australia co-operation in the service sector is moving forward fast.China has been Australia‘s largest export market for service products for three years in a row.Our two-way trade in services reached $8.5 billion and Australia exported $6.7 billion worth of service products to China in 2012-2013.China is Australia‘s largest source of international students, second-largest source of inbound tourists as well as the fastest-growing inbound tourism market.Far-sighted Australian enterprises have been capitalising on opportunities provided by the new momentum.ANZ won approval for a sub-branch in the Shanghai Free Trade Zone last November.Andrew Whitford, Westpac‘s head of Greater China, said Australian companies should establish themselves in the new zone as there are ―enormous opportunities‖.In 2013, the GDP of central and western parts of China was 44 per cent of China‘s total, up by 0.2 per cent on the previous year.The per capita net income of rural residents grew by 9.3 per cent in real terms, 2.3 per cent higher than that of urban residents.The income gap between urban and rural residents shrank from 3.10 in 2012 to 3.03.This trend for four consecutive years is a sign that regional development disparity has been easing, unleashing huge market potential for the vast hinterland areas.Australian enterprises have been increasingly active in the development of central and western China, which will help Australia gain a head start in China‘s economic restructuring.Despite a softening of its economy, with 2013 growth the same as 2012, China still has robust demand for Australian energy and resources.China‘s economic aggregate is now on a much larger base than before, with a GDP of US$9.18 trillion, the second largest economy for four years running.A larger, better-quality and more stable Chinese economy will bring even more opportunities to the world.The urbanisation rate rose by 1.16 per cent to 53.73 per cent in 2013 which shows China still has a large demand for infrastructure building.China‘s outbound trade and investment will continue to expand with outbound investment expected to reach $US500 billion over five years.This is good news to Australian businesses in energy, resources and agriculture.This year is going to be vital to world economic recovery.It will also be an important year for upgrading China-Australia economic ties.Both nations should work together to seize new opportunities and fully tap co-operation potential.澳大利亚经济的新机遇

2014年1月31日，中国驻澳大利亚大使马朝旭在当地主流媒体《澳大利亚金融评论报》发表题为《澳大利亚经济的新机遇》的署名文章。全文如下：

上周中国国家统计局发布数据显示，2013年中国国内生产总值（GDP）增长了7.7%。这个数字从全球范围看，保持了中高速增长。全年城镇新增就业人数超过1300万，是历年最多的。去年中国进口额接近2万亿美元，中国企业对外直接投资也超过了900亿美元。这一成绩来之不易，是在国际金融危机余波未平、世界经济尚待复苏和中国经济转型升级的背景下产生的。在世界经济不确定因素较多、国际市场对主要经济体宏观政策动向异常敏感的情况下，中国稳定财政、货币政策，保持合理的流动性，向国际市场发出了明确的稳定预期的信号，这也是中国对世界经济发展的负责任之举。

新公布的数据也释放出中国经济增长结构优化，以及这种转变对世界和澳大利亚经济带来巨大机遇的积极信息。根据中国国家统计局的数据，第三产业占中国GDP比重从2012年的44.6%上升为2013年46.1%，首次超过以工业、采矿业、建筑业为代表的第二产业。中国的经济已由过去依靠制造业的“单轮驱动”发展到如今制造业、服务业双增长的“双轮驱动”，服务业正成为中国经济长期持续健康发展与优化升级的新引擎和新动力。中澳服务业合作正处于快速发展时期。中国已连续3年成为澳最大的服务产品出口市场。2012-2013财年双边服务贸易近85.3亿澳元，其中，澳对华出口66.6亿澳元。中国已成为澳大利亚最大的留学生来源国、第二大海外游客来源国，也是增长最快的旅客市场。一些有战略眼光的澳大利亚企业已经敏锐捕捉到了商机。澳新银行在去年11月正式登陆上海自贸区。西太银行（Westpac）大中华区总裁魏安德（Andrew Whitford）认为，澳洲企业应当考虑将进驻上海新自贸区作为与中国投资者产生联系的一种方式。

2013年，中国中西部地区GDP总量占全国的44.4%，比2012年提高0.2个百分点。中国农村居民人均纯收入实际增长9.3%，比城镇居民人均可支配收入实际增速高2.3个百分点，增速连续四年快于城镇，城乡居民人均收入倍差由上年的3.10缩小为3.03。这些数据表明长期困扰中国经济发展的城乡失衡、区域失衡问题正得到逐步缓解，中国庞大的中西部和农村市场潜力正不断释放。我们看到，澳企业正日益积极地参与到中国西部地区的发展中来。我相信这将帮助澳在中国经济转型中占得先机。

中国对澳能源资源等需求依然强劲稳健。尽管2013年中国经济增速与2012年持平，较过去有所下降，但总体增量却比以前要大得多。中国GDP总量已经达到9.18万亿美元，连续4年成为世界第二大经济体。一个总量更大、增长质量更高、增长速度更稳的中国经济将为世界、为澳大利亚带来更多机遇。2013年，中国城镇化率同比提高1.16%，达53.73%，并有望在未来十年保持年均1.2%的提升速度。中国仍需进行大量的基础设施建设。同时，中国对外贸易与投资不断扩大，未来五年，中国对外投资规模将达到5000亿美元。这对于澳能源资源的开发与出口、农产品国际市场的开拓等，无疑都是好消息。

2014年是世界经济走向复苏的重要年份，也是中澳经贸合作升级发展的关键一年。中澳双方应该携手努力，发掘合作潜力，为两国人民带来更多实实在在的利益。

Remembering the Past, Safeguarding the Future

By John Kerry

―It was so terrible.It was hard for the mind to absorb it.‖ Those were the words of U.S.Master Sergeant Marvin Josephs as he entered Buchenwald on April 12, 1945, along with military chaplain Rabbi Herschel Schachter.Decades later, Josephs still remembered vividly the words ―You‘re free‖ reverberating from Rabbi Schachter‘s bullhorn.He remembered seeing the crematoria and the house of the commandant and his notorious wife, Ilse Koch, the ―Beast of Buchenwald.‖ Above all, he remembered the survivors—emaciated and tortured—coming forward at the sound of the rabbi‘s bullhorn.The scenes of liberated prisoners were so overwhelming that Gen.Dwight D.Eisenhower ordered every man in the U.S.4th Armored Division to walk the grounds of Buchenwald.Josephs immediately understood why: ―He didn‘t want people to ever deny what happened.‖

Nearly 70 years after World War Two ended, 70 years after the world‘s collective horror at the Holocaust, anti-Semitism remains a global menace.It is not enough to remember the millions of innocent lives lost in one of the darkest chapters in all of world history.We must reaffirm our vow never to forget the evil that comes from bigotry and intolerance and turn that commitment into action.Many of us in the United States have personal and family connections to this difficult history —and to the cause of action now.My brother‘s interest in our family‘s genealogy took him back to the Czech Republic just months ago to learn more about the history of ancestors we had never even heard about until the last decade, stories of a great uncle Otto and his sister Jenni who perished in the Holocaust.I‘ll never forget, on my first trip to Berlin as Secretary of State, meeting with a group of young Germans.They told me something I never knew about the city where I‘d spent time growing up in the aftermath of World War Two.Throughout the city, they‘ve placed ―stumbling stones‖ to mark where Jews were murdered in the streets and other victims of the Holocaust.Every day, passers-by remember what happened—and equally important—they never forget or deny it.Holocaust Remembrance Day calls us to condemn anti-Semitism in every form—whether it‘s the disturbing rise of xenophobic and anti-Semitic parties in Europe or the uptick of violence against Jewish people anywhere in the world.The EU‘s Agency for Fundamental Rights 2013 Report on Anti-Semitism underscores the stakes.One third of those surveyed experienced some form of anti-Semitic harassment over the past five years, with 26 percent enduring verbal assault or harassment over the past year alone— just because they were Jewish.What‘s more, 4 percent reported physical violence and 23 percent said they avoid Jewish events or sites because they don‘t feel safe.Of course, the numbers don‘t tell the full story.In Italy, police are tracking down the culprit who sent pig heads last week to Rome‘s Grand Synagogue, the Israeli Embassy, and a museum sponsoring a Holocaust exhibit.In Romania, a government-owned television channel aired a profoundly anti-Semitic Christmas song, which claimed that Jews are only good ―in the chimney as smoke.‖

If these acts of hate don‘t hit you in the gut, I don‘t know what will.If this isn‘t a call to action, I don‘t know what is.We need to be forceful about what is right and what is wrong.But we also need to work to recognize our common humanity in others, and to start the conversations that will help others recognize ours.That‘s why the Obama Administration has launched the Atrocities Prevention Board.That‘s why we‘re working hand in glove with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum‘s Center for the Prevention of Genocide so that we can detect and highlight this global scourge.And that‘s why, last year, Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism Ira Forman and President Obama‘s Special Envoy to the Organization of Islamic Cooperation Rashad Hussain joined an historic interfaith visit to the concentration camps at Dachau and Auschwitz-Birkenau.The United States is committed to having the difficult conversations across cultures and religions that can actually change people‘s opinions.Pope Francis calls it ―the dialogue of life,‖ and we reaffirm today that there are indeed millions of lives that depend on it.We—each of us—have a responsibility to stand up and affirm human dignity.In an interconnected world, anti-Semitism that goes unanswered anywhere is a threat to people everywhere.That is a collective challenge we all face in the 21st century.记住历史，保卫未来

约翰·克里

1945年4月12日，美军军士长（Master Sergeant）马文·约瑟夫斯（Marvin Josephs）与随军牧师赫歇尔·沙克特（Herschel Schachter）拉比走进布痕瓦尔德（Buchenwald）时说：“太可怕了。令人难以置信。”

历经数十载后，约瑟夫斯依然清楚地记得从沙克特拉比的扩音器中传出的“你们自由了”这句余音不绝的话语。他记得当时看到的焚尸房以及那里的指挥官和他外号“布痕瓦尔德的野兽”（Beast of Buchenwald）的臭名昭著的妻子伊尔斯·科赫（Ilse Koch）的住房。他记得最清楚的则是那些幸存者——瘦骨嶙峋、备受折磨——听到拉比的喊话后走上前来。

解放囚犯的场面极如此震撼人心，使得德怀特·艾森豪威尔（Dwight D.Eisenhower）将军命令美军第4装甲师（4th Armored Division）的每一个人在布痕瓦尔德集中营里走一遭。约瑟夫斯立刻领会了他的用意：“他不想让人们有朝一日否认所发生的一切。”

第二次世界大战（World War Two）结束近70年后，在全世界一同经历了大屠杀的恐怖的70年之后，反犹太主义（anti-Semitism）依然是一项全球性威胁。仅仅缅怀在整个世界历史上最黑暗的一个时期中丧生的数百万无辜生命是不够的。我们必须重申我们的誓言——永远不忘偏执和不宽容所造成的邪恶，并将这个承诺化为行动。

我们美国的很多人与这段惨痛的历史——以及当前的行动路线——有着个人和家庭的联系。出于对我们家族家谱的兴趣，我的兄弟数月前刚去过捷克共和国，更多地了解了直到上个10年我们还从未听说过的祖先的历史，一位名叫奥托（Otto）的叔伯祖父和他的姐妹詹妮（Jenni）死于大屠杀的故事。

我永远不会忘记在我作为国务卿首次出访柏林（Berlin）时与一批年轻德国人的会面。他们告诉我一些我从未听说过的有关该城市的事情，而我是在二次大战后在那里长大的。他们在整个城市放置了“绊脚石”，以标出犹太人和大屠杀的其他受害者当街被杀害的位置。每天，过路的人都会记住发生过什么——同样重要的是——他们永远不会忘记或否认发生过的事。

国际大屠杀纪念日（International Holocaust Remembrance Day）敦促我们谴责各种形式的反犹太主义——不论是欧洲的仇外和反犹太党派令人不安的抬头，还是世界任何地方针对犹太人的暴力的升级。

欧盟（EU）基本权利局（Agency for Fundamental Rights）发布的《2013年反犹太主义报告》（2013 Report on Anti-Semitism）突显了种种风险。接受调查的人中有三分之一在过去五年中经历过某种形式的反犹太人的骚扰，单在过去一年里就有26%的人遭受过言语攻击或骚扰——仅仅因为他们是犹太人。

此外，4%的人报告遭到人身暴力，23%的人表示由于感到不安全，他们避免参加犹太人的活动或去相关的地点。

当然，这些数字只是冰山一角。

在意大利，警方正在追查上周把猪头送至位于罗马的犹太会堂（Grand Synagogue）、以色列大使馆（Israeli Embassy）以及举办大屠杀展览的一家博物馆的罪犯。

在罗马尼亚，一家政府拥有的电视台播放了一首极度反犹太人的圣诞歌曲，歌曲唱道，犹太人只配当“烟囱中的烟”。

如果这些仇恨行为不令人痛心疾首的话，我不知道还有什么会。如果这不能促使我们采取行动，我不知道还有什么能。

我们必须更坚决地阐明是非。但我们也必须努力认识到他人与我们的共同人性，并开启帮助他人认识到我们拥有的共同人性的对话。

正因为如此，欧巴马政府（Obama Administration）发起了防止暴行委员会（Atrocities Prevention Board）。正因为如此，我们正在与美国大屠杀遇难者纪念馆（United States Holocaust Memorial Museum）防止种族灭绝中心（Center for the Prevention of Genocide）密切合作，以便能够发现并曝光这一全球性祸患。

也正因为如此，去年，监控及打击反犹太主义活动特使（Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism）艾拉·福曼（Ira Forman）与欧巴马总统派驻伊斯兰合作组织的特使（Special Envoy to the Organization of Islamic Cooperation）拉沙德·侯赛因（Rashad Hussain）参加了不同宗教团体一同对达豪（Dachau）和奥斯威辛-比克瑙（Auschwitz-Birkenau）集中营进行的具有历史意义的跨宗教访问。

美国致力于进行能真正改变人们观念的跨文化和跨宗教的艰难对话。教皇弗朗西斯（Pope Francis）将其称为“生命对话”（dialogue of life）。我们今天重申，确实有数百万的生命有赖于此。

我们——我们中的每一个人——都有责任坚决重申人类的尊严。在一个互连互通的世界上，反犹太主义若在任何一个地方肆虐，便会对所有地方的人民构成威胁。这是我们在21世纪共同面临的挑战。

Secretary-General’s Message on International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the

Victims of the Holocaust January 2013

Every year on the anniversary of the liberation of the Auschwitz concentration camp, we commemorate the victims of the Holocaust.We recall the suffering of millions of innocent people, and highlight the perils of anti-Semitism and hatred of any kind.This year we focus on journeys through the Holocaust – and I recall a recent journey of my own.Last November, I walked through the infamous ―arbeit macht frei‖ gate at Auschwitz-Birkenau.I will never forget my visit.I saw the horrific remnants of the machinery of genocide, as well as moving images of European Jewish life in the 1930s--weddings, family meals, rituals, other scenes of simple daily life--all extinguished through systematic murder unique in human history.I saw the barracks where Jews, Roma, Sinti, homosexuals, dissidents, prisoners of war and persons with disabilities spent their final days in the most brutal conditions.The United Nations was founded to prevent any such horror from happening again.Yet tragedies from Cambodia to Rwanda to Srebrenica show that the poison of genocide still flows.We must be ever vigilant against bigotry, extremist ideologies, communal tensions and discrimination against minorities.And we must teach our children well.The Holocaust and the United Nations Outreach Programme has developed effective educational materials and strong partnerships that help convey these lessons to students around the world.Standing near the crematorium at Auschwitz, I felt deeply saddened by all that had happened within.But I was also inspired by all those who liberated the death camps for all humanity.Let us join forces today on a shared journey to a world of equality and dignity for all.缅怀大屠杀受难者国际纪念日致辞

2014年1月27日

每年在解放奥斯威辛集中营的纪念日，我们都缅怀大屠杀受难者。我们回顾千百万无辜人的痛苦，并强调反犹太主义和任何仇恨的危险。

今年，我们侧重于了解大屠杀的旅行，我要回顾最近的一次旅行。

去年11月，我走过了在奥斯威辛-比克瑙的臭名昭著的“劳动获得自由”之门。我永远不会忘记这次访问。

我目睹了灭绝种族机制遗留的可怕后果，以及欧洲犹太人在1930年代生活的感人影像——婚礼、家庭聚餐、仪式和其他简单的日常生活场景——所有这些均被人类历史上罕见的有计划屠杀所摧毁。

我看到了犹太人、罗姆人、辛提人、同性恋者、持不同政见者、战俘和残疾人在最残酷的条件下度过最后日子的营房。

联合国的成立是为了防止任何此类恐怖事件再次发生。然而，从柬埔寨到卢旺达再到斯雷布雷尼察的悲剧表明，种族灭绝的毒害仍在泛滥。

我们必须始终警惕，防止偏见、极端主义的意识形态、族裔间紧张关系和对少数群体的歧视。我们必须给予后代良好教育。大屠杀和联合国外联方案已编制有效的教材，并建立了强有力的伙伴关系，协助将这些经验教训传播给世界各地的学生。

站在奥斯威辛火葬场附近，我对于该火葬场发生过的一切感到万分悲痛。但我也被所有那些为全人类解放死亡营的人感到鼓舞。让我们从现在起携手努力，共同开启通往一个人人享有平等和尊严的世界的旅程。

Statement to Geneva Conference on Syria

Foreign Secretary William Hague January 2014

Thank you very much Secretary General.We meet today with the urgent task of implementing the Geneva communiqué agreed 18 months ago, as a roadmap to end the conflict in Syria.At that time, 15,000 people had been killed and there were 87,000 registered Syrian refugees in the region.These numbers seemed appallingly high at the time.But the failure to implement the Geneva communiqué has meant that at least 110,000 other innocent people have now died, and 2.3 million more people have had to flee as refugees – including a staggering one million children.These facts should be seared into our consciences.They are a devastating reminder of the human cost of this war, and they give overriding urgency to the task before us.For we can be absolutely certain that if this peace process fails, then thousands more innocent Syrians will pay the price.I urge both Syrian delegations to approach these negotiations in that spirit—recognising that the entire future of Syria is at stake.And the Syrian government bears a particular responsibility for this crisis and can do the most to end it.I call on them to commit themselves to the aim of a mutually agreed settlement;and to stop actions on the ground which undermine the negotiations.At a time of relentless attacks on their homes and their families, the National Coalition have agreed to participate in this Conference, which was not an easy decision for President al-Jarba and the National Coalition leadership and I commend them for taking this step and for endorsing today the Geneva Communiqué as their basis of our work.They have our full support in doing that.And we should be absolutely clear that the Syrian conflict did not begin with terrorism.This began with ordinary people calling for greater political and economic freedom, who were met with brute force and oppression rather than the offer of peaceful change.And there must be accountability for the appalling crimes committed in this conflict, including those reported by distinguished jurists this week.And it was because of that repression that those protests escalated into a mass uprising and civil war, and it is this instability that has created a foothold for extremists.But they are in a tiny minority compared to the millions of Syrians who have taken no part in this conflict and who want and deserve lives of dignity, and safety, and freedom.The only way to end the bloodshed and to deal with extremist threats, is to reach an inclusive political settlement that takes into account the needs and aspirations of all Syria‘s communities with a Syrian-led political process, leading to a transition enabling the Syrian people independently and democratically to determine their future.All of us who have endorsed the Geneva Communiqué know what the goal is: a transitional governing body in Syria with full executive powers, formed by mutual consent, which means no one included without the agreement of the others, including a President who has destroyed his own legitimacy.And we know what the steps are that are needed to reach that goal, including a firm timetable for a Syria-led transition for a future for Syria that is genuinely democratic and pluralistic;and ceasefire agreements enabling immediate and full humanitarian access.We have provided £500 million pounds in aid as the United Kingdom and pledged £100m more but aid must be able to reach the people who need it most.The deliberate obstruction of humanitarian aid is utterly unacceptable and a flagrant disregard of the UN Security Council presidential statement of last October.The UN estimates that 2.5 million people inside Syria are currently receiving no or extremely limited assistance, including 250,000 people trapped in besieged or hard-to-access areas.Urgent efforts are required to improvement this situation.The transition in Syria should also include full participation for women, as set out in the Geneva communiqué.As the United Kingdom we would have liked to see a formal role for Syrian women‘s groups and civil society at this meeting.But I welcome the Secretary General‘s and Mr Brahimi‘s strong support for the inclusion of women in both delegations.There can be no lasting settlement in Syria that does not involve Syria‘s women at every stage of the process and as the UK we will work to achieve their full participation in this process.These talks are only the start of a process, so will require commitment and courage, but I urge both sides to remain at the negotiating table.And to them I say, this is your opportunity to put an end to the devastation of your country.Now is the time to choose to save a generation of Syrian children from violence and trauma;to end the sieges being laid to ancient towns and cities;to begin to repair the rich fabric of Syrian society;and to spare millions of refugees the prospect of years of exile, homelessness and deprivation.We have no illusions about how difficult and challenging this process is likely to be but we should all do everything possible to help the people of Syria achieve peace.在日内瓦会议上就叙利亚问题的讲话

外交大臣威廉•黑格

2014年1月12日

非常感谢秘书长。

今天，我们开会讨论一项紧迫的任务，即实施18个月前达成一致的《日内瓦公报》，该公报是结束叙利亚冲突的路线图。

当时，叙利亚已有1.5万人被杀害，而该地区登记在案的叙利亚难民有8.7万人，这些数字在当时看起来已经高得惊人。

但未能实施《日内瓦公报》则意味着现在另有至少11万无辜平民已经死亡，另有230万人被迫逃离该国成为难民，其中儿童难民的数量达到惊人的100万。

这些事实在拷问着我们的良心，有力地提醒我们这场战争所造成的人类的生命损失，并且使摆在我们面前的这一任务具有压倒一切的紧迫性。

我们绝对可以肯定，如果这一和平进程失败的话，还将有成千上万无辜的叙利亚人成为战争的牺牲品。我敦促叙利亚双方代表本着这样的精神进行谈判，即双方需要认识到，叙利亚的整个未来正处于极其危险之中。

而叙利亚政府则对本次危机负有特别重要的责任，并且可以尽一切所能结束危机。我呼吁双方致力于达成彼此同意的解决办法的目标，并为此停止可能破坏谈判的行动。

当其家园和家属都在遭受无情攻击的时候，全国联盟就已经同意参加本次会议，而这对于主席贾尔巴和全国联盟的领导层来说并不是轻易能够做出的决定。他们能够采取这一步骤并且现在赞同《日内瓦公报》、将其作为他们参与我们这项工作的基础，对此我表示赞赏，我们对他们的这种行为给予全力支持。

我们还应绝对清楚这一点，即叙利亚冲突并不是开始于恐怖主义，而是开始于普通民众，他们要求获得更大的政治和经济自由，但没有获得和平变革，反而遭到了残酷的打击和压迫。对于这场冲突中所发生的骇人听闻的罪行，包括本周由重要的法学家所报告的那些罪行，都必须进行问责。

正是因为镇压，使得抗议活动升级为一场大规模的起义和内战；而正是这种不稳定成为了产生极端分子的土壤。但是相对于几百万叙利亚人来说，极端分子只是极少数，大多数叙利亚人并没有参与这场冲突，他们希望的是过上有尊严、有安全、有自由的生活，这也是他们应该享有的。

停止流血和应对极端分子威胁的唯一途径，是需要通过政治途径进行解决：一个由叙利亚人领导的政治进程，包含叙利亚各方需求和愿景并使之实现，最终成功政治过渡，使叙利亚人能够独立地、民主地决定他们的未来。

我们所有人都赞同《日内瓦公报》，我们知道该公报的目标是，在叙利亚建立一个具有充分的行政权力、经各方协商组成的过渡管理机构。这意味着未经其他方的同意，任何人将不会进入该机构，这也包括了一个破坏了自身合法性的总统。

我们知道要达到该目标所要采取的步骤，包括为叙利亚主导的、向真正民主多元的未来的过渡制定一个明确的时间表，和能够立即全面进行人道主义援助的停火协议。英国已经提供了5亿英镑的援助，并承诺再援助1亿英镑，但是援助必须能够到达最需要援助的人民手中。对人道主义援助的蓄意阻挠是完全不可接受的，这种阻挠行为是对去年10月的联合国安理会主席声明的公然挑衅。据联合国估计，叙利亚境内目前有250万人没有得到任何援助或者所得到的援助极其有限，其中有25万人处于包围之中或者难以接近的区域。现在急需采取行动改善这种状况。

根据《日内瓦公报》的精神，叙利亚的过渡还应包括妇女的全面参与。对于英国来说，我们本希望看到叙利亚妇女团体和民间团体能以正式的身份参与此次会议。不过我对会议秘书长和卜拉希米先生为将妇女纳入双方代表团进行强有力的支持表示欢迎。如果不能将叙利亚妇女纳入每一个进程阶段，就不可能产生持久的解决办法。对于英国，我们将在这一进程中努力实现妇女的全面参与。

这些会谈只是进程的开始，需要人们有决心和勇气来参与。但是我敦促双方将谈判进行下去。我想对他们说，这是你们结束你们国家破败局面的一个机会。现在是选择拯救一代叙利亚儿童免于暴力和创伤的时候，是结束古老城镇摆脱围攻的时候，是开始修复叙利亚社会的各种组织结构的时候，是使数百万难民不再继续背井离乡、无家可归、极度贫困生活的时候。

我们对这一进程的困难程度和挑战性非常清楚。但是我们应该尽一切可能帮助叙利亚人民实现和平。

New Development in China, New Opportunities for the World

--Speech by Foreign Minister Wang Yi at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2014 January 2014, Davos, Switzerland

Dr.Joseph Nye, Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends，Good afternoon.It gives me great pleasure to discuss with you what China‘s development means to the world.China has always been the focus of attention at the World Economic Forum(WEF), and more so this year with China unveiling a new round of comprehensive reform 35 years after the launch of its reform program.This will not only herald a new era for China‘s development but also have extensive and positive impacts on the world.The day before yesterday, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang sent a special message to this year‘s WEF annual meeting which you can find on the WEF website.It gives a comprehensive and authoritative explanation of the current state, reform and prospect of the Chinese economy.In his message, Premier Li pointed out that the sustained and sound development of the Chinese economy would offer new opportunities and inject new impetus to development of the world.China‘s new round of reform will take place in political, economic, cultural, social and ecological dimensions.More than 300 major reform measures have been announced, covering over 60 fields under 15 categories.The reform is unprecedented in terms of its scope, depth and difficulty.I guess the questions you want to ask the most are: Will this round of reform be a great success just like the previous one? What will the reform bring to the world?

Here, I want to tell you in clear terms that China has every confidence in the success of its reform.Our confidence comes from the fine tradition of constant self-improvement and the splendid civilization of the Chinese nation over 5,000 years.The Chinese nation has gone through many hardships and sufferings, but it has always emerged stronger.An important reason is that our nation has the fortitude to reform and improve itself.The Chinese people, at all times, have the courage, will and ability to carry out reform.Our confidence comes from the right path China has chosen.In the past 65 years since the founding of the People‘s Republic of China, we have explored tirelessly and eventually found a development path that is suited to China‘s conditions and supported by the entire Chinese nation.It is a path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Our practice has proven and will continue to prove that as long as we remain steadfastly committed to this path, China will remain dynamic and acquire the driving force for development.Our confidence comes from the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC).The fact that the CPC is a ruling party with 86 million members represents our unique strength and most important resource.As long as the 86 million party members work in unison, they will generate an unrivalled force of positive energy that will enable us to surmount whatever difficulties and challenges in the reform process.Our confidence comes from the solid foundation China has laid and the rich experience it has gained.Since the start of reform and opening-up, China has progressed from poverty to prosperity.We used to ―cross the river by feeling our way from one stone to another‖.Today, we have the support of a comprehensive system of theories and policies.We know very well where our problems exist, and more importantly, we know how to have them resolved.Our confidence comes from China‘s huge development space and potential.China is a big country with 1.3 billion people and an area of 9.6 million square kilometers.It thus has broad space for development whose great potential is yet to be tapped.At present, the gaps between urban and rural areas and between the central and western and the eastern regions in China remain wide.This is a major challenge China faces, but more importantly, it also spells hope for China‘s future development.As reform deepens in China, waves of enormous demand will be unleashed, propelling China‘s strong momentum of economic growth.Our confidence comes from China‘s win-win strategy of opening-up.The most successful experience of China‘s reform is that it is always carried out in parallel with China‘s opening-up.Through reform, we have increased China‘s openness, which, in turn, has promoted China‘s reform.Our reform will bring more benefits to the world, as China continues to draw impetus to its reform from the world.Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends，China, a major country with a population of 1.3 billion, is moving fast toward modernization.This is an extraordinary historic process unfolding before our eyes and the greatest contribution of the Chinese nation to human progress.We are not just responsible for our own country and people, but also ready to honor our due obligations to the world.The new round of reform in China serves both the interests of the Chinese people and the need of countries of the world.We will speed up the shift of the growth model, intensify efforts to upgrade and improve the quality and efficiency of growth, get beyond the ―middle income trap‖ and achieve sustainable development.An increasingly prosperous China that is committed to deepening reform means the following to the world:

--China will provide the world‘s development with more ―Chinese opportunities‖.First, market opportunities.Despite the lack of effective global demand, the potential of the Chinese market is still growing.Last year, the Chinese people bought 21 million cars, more than a quarter of global car sales.China‘s annual imports are approaching US$2 trillion.And China is expected to import over US$10 trillion of goods in the next five years.Second, investment opportunities.Despite financial constraints facing the real economy in the world, Chinese businesses are becoming a major source of international investment and financing.Last year, China‘s non-financial outbound direct investment topped US$90 billion.In its new round of reform, China will encourage businesses and individuals to invest abroad and enter a new stage of overseas investment.Third, growth opportunities.Despite the sluggish world economy, the Chinese economy, with a size of over US$9 trillion, remained one of the fastest-growing economies among the G20 last year with a growth rate of 7.7%.Moreover, the growth was achieved in the course of accelerated structural adjustment and therefore it was growth in real terms.Estimates show that as long as China continues to grow at 7%, it will contribute to the growth of the world economy by one percentage point more each year.This is certainly great news to the world economy, given that the new round of reform will maintain China‘s mid-to-high growth rate for a fairly long time to come.Fourth, cooperation opportunities.Against the backdrop of tortuous global governance reform, the new round of reform in China will serve to safeguard the open world economy and the free trade regime.It will facilitate the healthy development of economic globalization and economic policy coordination among different countries.--China will contribute more of the ―Chinese power‖ to world peace.First, China will remain committed to the path of peaceful development, and will encourage other countries to jointly uphold peaceful development.Peaceful development is the only choice we can make in an era of globalization, and it represents the direction of development and progress of mankind.Second, China will undertake more international obligations.China will seek and uphold justice and equality in international and regional affairs, and play an even more active and productive role in resolving hotspot issues.China will develop itself through upholding world peace and will promote world peace through its own development.Third, China will continue to handle disagreements and differences through equal-footed consultations.Under the prerequisite that the nation's fundamental interests are safeguarded, we are ready to show our utmost sincerity and patience and remain committed to resolving differences through dialogue.Fourth, China will work with other countries to safeguard human conscience and international justice.Past aggressors must never be allowed to reverse the history of aggression;past powers must never be allowed to once again embark on the evil path of expansion;and fascist or militarist ideas must never be allowed to revive, not in whatever form.Distinguished Guests, Dear Friends，Last year, Chinese President Xi Jinping outlined the vision of the Chinese dream, which is to achieve the great renewal of the Chinese nation.The new round of reform launched in China serves just as the right path that will lead us to this goal.The steady process of attaining the Chinese dream will not only benefit China;it will benefit the world at large.As President Xi Jinping pointed out, the Chinese dream of national renewal is about the pursuit of happiness by every Chinese, and it has much in common with the dream of the people in other countries.China is an important member of the international community.While striving to realize its own dream, China will work with other countries in the world and make its due contribution to the development and progress of mankind.Thank you.中国新发展 世界新机遇

——王毅外长在世经论坛2014年年会上的演讲

2014年1月24日，瑞士达沃斯

尊敬的约瑟夫奈博士，女士们，先生们，朋友们，大家下午好，很高兴与大家共同探讨中国发展对世界的意义。

中国历来是世界经济论坛关注的热点。今年更不例外。因为时隔35年之后，中国吹响了新一轮全方位改革的号角。这不仅预示着中国的发展将进入一个新的时代，也将对整个世界产生广泛和积极的影响。

前天，中国国务院总理李克强先生专门在本届论坛官网上发表了文章，对中国经济的现状、改革和前景做了全面和权威的介绍。李总理在文中明确指出，中国经济的持续健康发展，将为世界发展带来新机遇，增添新动力。

中国新一轮的改革涵盖政治、经济、文化、社会、生态文明五大方向，涉及15个方面、60多个领域，共形成300多项重要举措。改革的范围之广、程度之深、难度之大可谓前所未有。大家可能最想知道的是，这一轮改革能否再获成功，续写辉煌？改革将给世界带来什么？我愿明确告诉大家，我们对于中国改革的成功充满自信。

——自信来自于中华民族5000年自强不息的优秀传统和博大精深的文明底蕴。中华民族曾历经无数危难，面对各种考验，却始终百折不挠，生生不息，一个重要的原因就是我们这个民族勇于自我革新，敢于自我超越。中国人在任何时候都不怕改革，乐于改革，善于改革。

——自信来自于中国业已选择的正确道路。新中国成立65年来，我们经过上下求索，找到了一条完全符合中国国情并且得到全体人民拥护的发展道路，这就是中国特色社会主义道路。实践已经并将继续证明，只要坚持这一方向，不偏离这条道路，中国就能保持发展活力，获得发展动力。

——自信来自于中国共产党的坚强有力领导。作为执政党，中国共产党拥有8600万党员。这是中国发展最独特的优势和最重要的资源。只要8600万党员团结一心，就能迸发出无与伦比的强大正能量，就能在改革进程中无坚不摧，无难不克。

——自信来自于中国业已打下的坚实基础和积累的丰富经验。改革开放以来，中国从贫穷走向富裕，从摸着石头过河到形成系统理论支撑和完整政策体系。我们不仅清晰地把握了自身存在的各种问题，也完全具备了解决这些问题的能力。

——自信来自于中国巨大的发展空间与潜力。中国是一个拥有13亿人口和960万平方公里领土的大国，发展空间极为广阔，发展潜力远未发掘。目前，中国的城乡差距、中西部与东部差距还很大，这既是中国面临的重大课题，更是未来发展的希望所在。随着改革的深入，中国的巨大需求将波浪式持续释放，长久地推动中国经济保持强劲发展势头。

——自信来自于中国奉行的互利共赢开放战略。中国改革最成功的一条经验就是，改革与开放并行推进，通过改革扩大开放，又通过开放促进改革。中国的改革成果将更多惠及世界，同时也会从世界不断汲取改革的动力。

各位来宾，各位朋友，13亿人口的大国快速走向现代化，这是一幅多么波澜壮阔的历史画卷，更是中华民族对人类文明进步的最大贡献，我们不仅要对自己的国家和民族负责，也愿对世界承担应尽的义务。中国新一轮改革既符合中国人民的利益，也符合世界各国的需求。我们将加快转变经济发展方式，强化提质增效升级，跨越中等收入陷阱，实现可持续发展。而一个深化改革、日益繁荣的中国对世界意味着：

——中国将为世界发展提供更多“中国机遇”。

一是市场机遇。在全球有效需求不足背景下，中国的市场吸纳力却在不断扩容。中国人去年一年就购买了2100万辆汽车，超过全球汽车销量的四分之一。中国的年进口总额已接近2万亿美元，预计今后5年将进口超过10万亿美元商品。

二是投资机遇。在实体经济面临融资难题背景下，中国企业成为国际投融资新的生力军。去年中国非金融类对外直接投资已超过900亿美元。新一轮改革将鼓励企业和个人对外投资，推动中国对外投资迈入新阶段。

三是增长机遇。在世界经济增速低迷背景下，中国作为一个规模超过9万亿美元的经济体去年仍实现了7.7%的快速增长，在G20国家中继续名列前茅。而且这一增长是在加快调整经济结构进程中实现的，是实实在在、真金白银的增长。据推算，只要中国保持7%的增长率，就将拉动全球经济增长一个百分点。新一轮改革将使中国保持较长时间的中高速增长，这对世界经济无疑是重大利好。

四是合作机遇。在全球治理改革举步维艰背景下，中国新一轮改革将维护开放型世界经济和自由贸易体制，有利于经济全球化的健康发展，有助于各国经济政策的相互协调。

——中国将为世界和平贡献更多“中国力量”。

首先，中国将坚持走和平发展道路，同时也将推动各国共同坚持和平发展，这既是全球化背景下的唯一选择，也是人类发展进步的必然方向。

第二，中国将积极承担更多国际责任，在世界和地区事务中主持公道，伸张正义，践行平等，更加积极有为地参与热点问题的解决，通过维护和平来发展自己，同时又以自身发展促进世界和平。

第三，中国将继续通过平等协商处理矛盾和分歧。我们愿在维护国家根本利益前提下，以最大诚意和耐心，坚持对话解决分歧。

第四，中国将与世界各国共同维护人类良知与国际公理。决不允许过去的侵略者为侵略历史翻案，决不允许昔日的强权再度走上对外扩张邪路，也决不允许法西斯主义和军国主义思想以任何形式死灰复燃。

各位来宾，各位朋友，去年，中国国家主席习近平提出了中华民族伟大复兴“中国梦”的奋斗目标，而中国的新一轮改革正是实现这一目标的必由之路。中国梦的逐步实现，将惠及中国，也将惠及世界。正如习近平主席所指出的，民族复兴的中国梦既是每一个中国人追求幸福的梦，也与世界人民的梦想息息相通。作为国际社会的重要成员，中国将在自己追梦、圆梦的奋斗过程中，与世界各国一道，共同为人类的发展与进步做出应有贡献。

谢谢大家。

Report to the Executive Board at its 134th Session

Dr Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization

Geneva, Switzerland January 2014

Madam chairperson, distinguished members of the Executive Board, colleagues in the UN system and sister agencies, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen，I wish you all a happy and healthy 2014.I will be brief.This session of the Executive Board has 67 items on its agenda, with 17 resolutions.This is by far the highest number of items ever scheduled for a non-budget year.We will all need to use our time with discipline and efficiency.We have a crowded agenda and a crowded room, with a record-breaking number of registered participants.The heavy agenda for this session shows the diversity of your concerns and also some measure of confidence that WHO is the right agency to address those concerns.I interpret the large number of participants as an indication of the high level of interest in global health.Both are good, but outstrip the capacity of the Secretariat to prepare for this session and serve it well.And there are other, more serious problems.A lean, effective, and flexible WHO must be strategic and highly selective in the work it undertakes.I would rather see outstanding performance in a limited number of high-impact areas than a full menu approach that dilutes our energy and resources.This is an easy trap to fall into, and it is dangerous.If this happens, WHO will have a lot to say, but little to show, especially in terms of health outcomes in your countries.Keep in mind: one reason for the success of the Millennium Development Goals was their limited number.Keep in mind: the Twelfth General Programme of Work, which you approved last May, includes just six leadership priorities.Part of the problem stems from the simple fact that the determinants of health have become broader and much more complex in a world where not only countries, but also policy spheres are closely interconnected.We are all aware that some new challenges, especially those driven by the globalization of unhealthy lifestyles, can only be addressed through collaboration with multiple sectors, including some industries.But WHO and its Member States must resist the temptation to cover every issue in the vast domain of public health.Please help us stick to those high-impact areas where we can get and measure results.Doing so becomes all the more important as the international community transitions to the post-2015 era.The demands on WHO and ministries of health will only grow as noncommunicable diseases increase, populations age, cities become more crowded, and the climate changes.Public expectations for health care are rising and costs are soaring.Some new medicines and medical devices are unaffordable, even for the wealthiest countries in the world.Last year‘s G8 summit on dementia, organized by the United Kingdom, made it clear that some major and very costly health problems have virtually no effective interventions for their prevention, early detection, or cure.WHO will need to perform extremely well in order to steer countries through these challenges.Ladies and gentlemen，In recent years, the Health Assembly has approved a number of global strategies and action plans for addressing specific diseases or needs.This is good.All have clearly defined objectives, targets, and indicators, and this helps ensure that countries and their partners align activities in a tightly focused and coordinated way.As we all know, the large number of health initiatives and actors has led to fragmentation, duplication of efforts, high transaction costs, and heavy reporting and monitoring requirements for countries.All of these global strategies and plans set out highly ambitious goals.This is also good, as it helps maintain the momentum for better health.But it has a downside.Like the many partnerships and health initiatives, these strategies and plans impose a heavy burden on health system capacities and carry heavy expectations for monitoring and reporting.Last year, the Regional Committees discussed their capacity to implement the recently approved Global monitoring framework and targets for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases.In one region, not one single country was routinely producing the data needed to monitor some of the indicators.We should be ambitious with these strategies and plans, but also pragmatic and realistic.As we have learned since the start of this century, sustainable health improvements depend on a well-functioning health system.We must build the capacities of countries, not overburden them.I welcome the attention our governing bodies have given to the strengthening of health systems.Initiatives such as the International Health Partnership Plus are especially important as they help build capacity and self-reliance, which is the foundation for true country ownership.We have much work to do.According to our latest estimates, only 81 of our 194 Member States regularly submit useable death registration data.Of these 81 countries, only 34 submit data of high quality.The need for stronger systems for regulatory control and enforcement runs like a common thread through many of your documents, whether concerning antimicrobial resistance, the mandatory notification of diseases, or access to opioid analgesics for palliative care.For medicines, only around 20% of our Member States have a well-functioning regulatory authority, 50% have variable regulatory quality, and 30% have virtually no or only very limited capacity.Worldwide, an estimated 2.7 billion people live in countries with no safety net to cover health care costs.In such a situation, how can health work as a poverty-reduction strategy, especially as the costly burden of NCDs shifts to the developing world?

When I think about these statistics, I also think about people, the many millions of people being left behind in our highly unequal world.I thank Member States and partner agencies for their strong commitment to universal health coverage.In my view, this is one of the most positive and powerful trends in global health.Ladies and gentlemen，The world again faces simultaneous humanitarian crises.This time there are four: in the Syrian Arab Republic, the Philippines, the Central African Republic, and South Sudan.These crises are testing WHO‘s emergency performance in a highly visible way.Given the challenges, I believe we are doing well.Vigilance is our watchword as we continue to monitor sporadic cases of MERS coronavirus, and H7N9 and other avian influenza viruses, including North America‘s first case of H5N1 reported earlier this month.Nothing can be predicted with certainty, but on present evidence, none of these viruses shows a potential to spread widely or cause an explosive outbreak.Nonetheless, this situation reinforces the importance of building the core capacities of the International Health Regulations to detect cases, report, and respond.As I said, WHO must be strategic and highly selective in responding to these and many other challenges.This is one central purpose of WHO reform.Let me summarize a few achievements as the reform process continues to mature.Two financing dialogues have now been held with frank and open discussions.These discussions have included the identification of areas where resources can be used more efficiently and recommendations for some novel remedial actions that can help save money.A new web portal to support the programme budget offers open access to data on monies coming into the Organization, where those monies go, and what they are expected to deliver.The web portal was welcomed as a major contribution to transparency.Further financing reforms aim to strengthen coordinated resource mobilization at all levels of the Organization.Human resource reforms, including streamlined recruitment and selection processes, are being aligned with programmatic needs, staff needs for learning and development and, of course, fiscal realities.Ladies and gentlemen，Let me conclude by illustrating what I mean by outstanding performance in high-impact areas.To date, WHO has prequalified more than 400 medical products, including 62 last year.Thanks to these and other efforts, WHO estimates that 97% of the global vaccine supply is currently of assured quality.Worldwide, 65% of babies are immunized using WHO pre-qualified vaccines.Last year, the ―Lancet‖ published the largest study to date, coordinated by WHO, on severe complications and ―near misses‖ in pregnancy.The study concluded that having life-saving interventions available in health facilities will not reduce maternal mortality in the absence of overall improvements in the quality of maternal care and emergency services.This tells us clearly that we must focus more sharply on improving the quality of care.The WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist, which is now undergoing trials in more than 100 hospitals, can help move us in this direction.This is a simple checklist, but evidence to date suggests it can have a major impact on the quality of care for mothers and their babies.The accountability framework, developed to support the Every Woman, Every Child strategy, has given us a new model for results-driven structuring and monitoring of development work.The framework incorporates the safeguard of rigorous independent monitoring, another important innovation.As we are seeing, getting and using better information can set off a chain of events, with improved health outcomes as the end result.We have seen this most dramatically in Niger, one of the poorest countries in the world, where the availability of high-quality data was instrumental in reducing child mortality by a stunning 43%.In fact, I think we have enough evidence to conclude that any country, no matter how poor, can improve health if it really wants to.In December of last year, the WHO certification commission that oversees the eradication of guinea worm disease declared that four African countries are now free from this disease.Nigeria is one of them.When the eradication initiative was launched, Nigeria was the epicentre of this disease, with more than 650 000 cases reported each year.Going from that number to zero is a major achievement that must be praised.Those who follow the African media will know how much certification means to Nigeria and its President, who has expressed his commitment to do the same for polio.Nigeria‘s certification also has some lessons.Surveillance for cases and the investigation of rumours were done hand-in-hand with polio immunization teams.This is the kind of joined-up effort that makes the most effective use of our human and financial resources, which will always be limited, and has a dramatic and measurable impact.For polio eradication, India, which has not seen a case for three years, is another shining example.This achievement sets the stage to certify all of South-East Asia polio-free very soon.There are many more examples, but I promised to be brief.Thank you.在执委会第134届会议上的报告

世界卫生组织总干事陈冯富珍博士

瑞士 日内瓦

2014年1月20日

主席女士、尊敬的执行委员会委员们、联合国系统和姊妹机构的同仁、各位阁下、女士们、先生们：

首先祝各位2014年幸福健康。

我的讲话会很简短。本届执行委员会议程上有67个项目，其中涉及17项决议。这是非预算安排议程项目最多的一届。我们大家都需要严格、高效地利用时间。

我们的日程很紧，会议室里人也很多，因为注册与会者的数量又创下了历史记录。本届会议的紧张议程表明，各位关心的议题非常多样化，而且你们也相信世卫组织正是处理这些关切的机构。我认为，与会者数量众多这一点也表明各国对全球卫生非常感兴趣。

这两件事都是好事，不过确实也超出了秘书处筹备本届会议并为其做好服务的能力。而且，还有其它更为严重的问题。

精简、有效、灵活的世卫组织必须具有战略性，其所开展的工作必须具有高度选择性。我更愿意看到我们在少数高影响领域表现出众，而不是面面俱到，使精力和资源无法集中。

这是个很容易落入的陷阱，而且非常危险。如果发生这种情况，世卫组织可能会说的太多而做的太少，特别是对各国的卫生成果而言。

请记住：千年发展目标取得成功的原因之一是目标数量有限。请记住：各位去年五月批准的第十二个工作总规划只有六个领导重点。

部分问题来源于这样一个简单事实：当今世界，各国和各政策领域之间相互关联密切，因而健康的决定因素也更为广泛、更为复杂。

我们都知道，只有通过多部门合作包括与企业界合作才能应对一些新挑战，特别是那些不健康生活方式的全球化所带来的挑战。

但是，世卫组织及其会员国必须抵制覆盖公共卫生广泛领域内每个问题的诱惑。请帮助我们坚守我们可以取得并且衡量结果的高影响领域。随着国际社会转向2015年以后的时代，这样做越发重要。

随着非传染性疾病增加、人口老龄化、城市更为拥挤、气候发生变化，对世卫组织和各国卫生部的需求只会越来越多。

公众对于卫生保健的期望值越来越高，而卫生保健成本也在飙升。一些新药和医疗器械价格让人负担不起，即使对于世界上最富裕的国家也是如此。

去年英国组织了有关痴呆症问题的八国集团峰会。会议清楚地表明，一些重大且费用昂贵的健康问题最终并没有有效的预防、早期发现或治愈措施。

要指导各国迎接这些挑战，世卫组织需要表现极为出色才行。

女士们、先生们，近年来，卫生大会批准了一些针对具体疾病或需求的全球战略和行动计划。这很好。所有有关战略和计划都有明确的总体和具体目标以及指标，这有助于确保各国及其伙伴重点明确、相互协调地开展活动。

众所周知，大量卫生行动和行动者的存在导致工作分散、重复，交易成本高以及各国面临沉重的报告和监测要求。

所有这些全球战略和计划都列出了雄心勃勃的目标。这也是件好事，有助于为实现更好的卫生保持住势头。但它也有不利的一面。

与众多伙伴关系与卫生行动一样，这些战略和计划给卫生系统的能力带来沉重负担，而且带有监测和报告的沉重期望。

去年，各区域委员会讨论了其落实预防控制非传染性疾病全球监测框架和具体目标的能力。在其中一个区域，没有一个国家定期产生监测有关指标所需的数据。

我们需要有雄心的战略和计划，但同时也要务实和切合实际。自本世纪初以来，我们已经认识到，可持续的卫生改进取决于运转良好的卫生系统。我们必须建设各国的能力，而不是给它们过重的负担。

我欢迎理事机构关注加强卫生系统问题。国际卫生伙伴关系后续程序等倡议尤为重要，因为它们有助于能力建设和自力更生，而那正是真正实现国家自主的基础。

我们有许多工作要做。

根据最近的估算，194个会员国中只有81个国家定期提交可用的死亡登记数据。这81个国家中，只有34个国家提供的数据质量较高。

不论是在抗菌素耐药性、疾病法定通报还是为姑息治疗获得阿片类镇痛药领域，你们的许多文件都提到有必要建立更强大的监管控制和执法体系。

对于药品而言，只有约20%的会员国建立了运转良好的监管当局，50% 的会员国监管质量参差不齐，还有30%几乎没有或者只有非常有限的监管能力。

全世界约有27亿人生活在没有社会安全网覆盖卫生保健费用的国家。在这种情况下，特别是随着非传染性疾病的昂贵负担向发展中国家转移，卫生怎么能发挥减贫的作用呢？

每当我想起这些数据，我想到的是人，在我们这个高度不平等的世界上被抛在后面的人。我要感谢会员国和伙伴机构致力于实现全民健康覆盖。在我看来，这是全球卫生领域最积极、最有力的趋势之一。

女士们、先生们，全世界再次面对同时发生的人道主义危机。这回是发生在叙利亚阿拉伯共和国、菲律宾、中非共和国和南苏丹的四场危机。这些危机在众目睽睽之下考验着世卫组织的突发事件处理能力。考虑到挑战巨大，我认为我们表现不错。

我们继续监测中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒以及H7N9和其它禽流感病毒（包括本月早些时候北美报告的第一例H5N1病毒）。我们的口号是保持警戒。

虽然不能确定地预测任何事情，但根据现有证据，这些病毒均未表现出有能力广泛传播或引起爆炸性疫情。但是，这种情况更加表明建设《国际卫生条例（2005）》规定的发现、报告和应对病例的核心能力的重要性。

如我所言，世卫组织在应对这些和诸多其它挑战时必须具有战略性和高度选择性。这是世卫组织改革的中心目的之一。请允许我总结一下改革进程迄今所取得的一些成就。

已经举办了两次筹资对话会，并进行了坦率、开放的讨论。讨论确定了资源可以更高效利用的领域，并就有助于节约资金的新补救措施提出了建议。

支持规划预算的新网络门户公开提供相关数据，使人可以了解本组织收到的资金、资金去向和资金使用的预期结果。该网络门户被认为对提高透明度大有裨益，因而受到欢迎。

进一步筹资改革措施将加强本组织各层级相互协调的资金筹措工作。正采取措施使人力资源改革（包括简化招聘和选拔过程）与规划需求、职员学习和发展需求及财政现状相一致。

女士们、先生们，最后，我想谈一谈什么是在高影响领域表现出众。

迄今，世卫组织已经对400余种医疗产品进行了资格预审，包括去年的 62种产品。根据世卫组织估计，这些努力和其它工作使全球疫苗供应的 97%是质量有保证的。全世界65%的婴儿接种的是用经世卫组织资格预审的疫苗。

去年，《柳叶刀》杂志发表了由世卫组织协调进行的有关妊娠期严重并发症和“侥幸脱险”情况的最大规模研究成果。该研究的结论是，如果不能从整体上提高孕产妇护理和急诊服务的质量，仅由医疗卫生机构提供挽救生命的干预措施本身并不能降低孕产妇死亡率。

这就清楚地告诉我们，我们必须专注于提高卫生保健质量。现正在100余家医院试用的世卫组织《安全分娩核对表》将帮助我们在这方面取得进步。这是一个简单的核对表，但迄今所获得的证据表明，它可以对母婴护理质量产生重大影响。

为支持“每个妇女，每个儿童”战略建立的问责框架为我们提供了以结果为导向组织并监督发展工作的新模式。该框架确保进行严格的独立监督，这也是一个重要创新。

我们看到，获得并利用更好的信息可以触发一系列事件，最终使卫生结果得到改善。这一点在尼日尔表现得最为突出。作为世界上最穷的国家之一，获得高质量数据对于该国将儿童死亡率令人吃惊地降低43%发挥了关键作用。

事实上，我想我们有足够证据表明，无论一个国家有多穷，只要它真正 想改善卫生，它就可以做到。

去年12月，世卫组织监督消灭麦地那龙线虫病工作的认证委员会又宣布四个非洲国家无麦地那龙线虫病。尼日利亚是其中之一。

消灭工作刚开始时，尼日利亚是该病的重点地区，每年报告65万余例麦地那龙线虫病。从那个数字降到零是一项巨大成就，必须加以赞扬。关注非洲消息的人会知道无麦地那龙线虫病认证对尼日利亚及其总统意味着什么。尼总统还承诺也消灭脊灰。

尼日利亚的认证让我们总结了经验教训。病例监测和谣言调查是与脊灰免疫团队携手进行的。

正是这种携手使我们能够最有效地使用总是非常有限的人力和财政资 源，并产生巨大的可衡量影响。

在消灭脊灰方面，印度也是我们的光辉榜样。该国已三年未出现病例。这样，整个东南亚区域将很快可以获得无脊灰认证。

当然还有许多其它例子，但我承诺发言要简短。

谢谢大家。