第一篇：2018年高考考前必背议论文六篇
2018年高考考前必背议论文六篇
永州一中
刘小忠
第一篇：总分并列式结构
题目:请以“做人”为话题写一篇文章，题目自拟，800字左右
（一）做人的规则
有人说“人生如棋”，那么做人就应该遵守下棋的规则，否则就将满盘皆输；有人说“人生如戏”，那么做人就应该遵守唱戏的规则，否则就将无人欣赏；有人说“人生如茶”，那么做人就应该懂得品茶的规则，否则再好的香茗也与枯叶无异。不同的人生有不同的规则，遵守做人的规则，才能走出精彩纷呈的人生之路。（采用类比的方法提出中心论点，引论部分）
把勤奋作为规则，做人就会更充实。（分论点）“天道酬勤”这句古训，已经潜移默化的成为无数成功人士做人的规则。（引语）鲁迅自小便于三味书屋一起演绎着勤奋的故事，正是他的勤奋，让他在人生的道路上游刃有余，即使面临的是人生的大转折---弃医从文，他也没有遇到转行带来的难处，这正是他以勤奋为人生规则的收获，他由此积累了知识的力量，精神的毅力，更让他在中国现代文学史上写下了光辉的篇章。（述例）所以，把勤奋作为人生行动的规则，在勤奋中充实自我，即使遇到突然的转变也不会惊慌失措，反而会让你在与人生对弈时得心应手，使自己的人生更加丰富，成为你这盘棋最终的王者。（引申挖掘）
把责任作为规则，做人就会更踏实。（分论点）每个人都有自己的角色，完成角色赋予的任务是每个人的责任，为人君就应以仁为责，为人臣就应以忠为责，为人子就应以孝为责。（引语）汉高祖以仁为责，实行休养生息政策，让百姓摆脱了饥饿和战乱之苦；诸葛亮以忠为责，一生追随刘备建立蜀汉事业，鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已，为后世所传颂；李密以孝为责，弃官不做，侍奉在祖母的身边，成为孝之楷模。（叙例）由此看来，把责任作为自己的做人规则，踏踏实实地走好人生的路，必然会无愧于人无愧于心更无愧于世。相信这样的人生才更加精彩。（引申挖掘）
把美德作为规则，做人就会更加真实。（分论点）美德是一种境界，像一杯香茗，不懂得品茗的人认为是苦的，而真正懂得美德的人才能体会其中的香甜。（引语）范仲淹以“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”的牺牲精神作为做人的规则，让后人敬仰；雷锋以“助人为乐”的奉献精神作为做人的规则，让人感到无比的温暖；朱自清以民族自尊心作为自己的做人规则，让人佩服不已。（叙例）这些把美德作为人生遵循的规则的人，人生的路走得真实而美好，正像一杯纯正的香茗，清香四溢。（以上三段为本论部分）
在如棋的人生中，遵守做人的规则，驰骋你的人生；在如戏的人生中，遵守做人的规则，精彩你的人生；在如茶的人生中，遵守做人的规则，品味你的人生。遵守做人的规则，走出完美的人生！（结论部分，用排比的手法结束全文，提出希望）
【点评】这是一篇极为规范的议论文，其结构模式很值得借鉴。文章开篇只用一个段落完成引论部分，观点明确，简洁精练。本论部分安排三个段落（三个分论点）围绕中心论点展开议论。更可贵的是，主体部分的每一个分论点，作者都用四个环节来完成论证：先提出分论点，然后进行扣题性解说，接着叙例（有单列事例也有排比事例），最后引申挖掘（引申到抽象的规律性，挖掘出事物的普遍性）。文章结构严谨，思路清晰，一目了然。
第二篇：二分对照式结构
题目: 阅读下面的文字,根据要求作文。我们生活在常识中,常识与我们同行。有时,常识虽易知而难行,有时,常识须推陈而出新„„请写一篇文章,谈谈你生活中与“常识”有关的经历或你对“常识”的看法,自拟标题,自定文体,不少于800字。
（二）成败皆因常识 回望历史星空，古今多少故事。有的成则为王，有的落败为寇。多少英雄豪杰，随江水滚滚东去。蓦然回首，顿觉成败皆因常识。【以“回望历史”开篇，紧扣“常识”引出全文论点“成败皆因常识”。引论简洁，观点鲜明；观点中又明显包含着两个方面。】
翻开泛黄的史册，浮现的是那些败于常识的魂魄孤影。【抓住“败于常识”确立分论点。】
未央宫灯火不明，乌江畔波浪滔天。史宫乐曲已成记忆，浪涛齐鸣却乐音难闻。他的心已沉积在四面楚歌中，“征人远去兮，何时还？” 是啊！何时还呢？八千楚士亡江北，他只身一人，又怎回楚地？又怎么面对乡人期待的眼神。他只伏身饮一口牵挂的江水，便把热血洒在了血色的沙滩上。
我不禁痛吟一句：“生当作人杰，死亦为鬼雄。”而细细一想，西楚霸王不正是死于一条常识吗？他忽略了一条最基本的常识一一留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。于是命在他手里化为灰烬。如果他牢记这条常识，十年之后东山复起，八千兄弟之仇，百万楚人之盼不就实现了起吗？【概述项羽自刎乌江的史实加上联想与假设性分析的方法展开论述，论据典型，议论充分，说服力强。】
不仅项羽，就是精忠报国的岳飞也是死在所谓的常识上。“君命不可违。”“君要臣死，臣不得不死。”正是那时的常识害死了他。【再举岳飞一例，论述更加充分。上例详，该例略，用例合理。】
走进流动的文字，看到的是那些成于常识的胜者在熠熠闪光。【再从“成于常识”确立分论点。】 东汉末年，诸葛亮走出隆中，辅佐刘备，于千难万险中助刘邦建立蜀国，终成三分天下。而他的成功正是在于善用常识。
江雾弥漫之时，若有不明船队靠近，必不敢出战，只能放箭穿敌。这是军事常识，也是智慧的体现。而诸葛亮正是利用这个常识，一举收获了十万支箭，使孙刘联军战胜了曹操，取得了赤壁大捷。
城门大开，城内无兵，必以为城内有埋伏不敢接近，这是常识，却也是成败之关键。诸葛亮弹琴城上而退万兵，就是利用了这一点。一点小常识，使诸葛亮成了不败的王者。【概述诸葛亮草船借箭的典故加上分析的方法展开论述，论据典型，有说服力。】
八年抗战，英勇的共产党人，相信“正必胜邪”的常识，才有了八年抗战的胜利，才有了新中国的成立，才有了共产党人的成功。【再举一例，简略中国共产党人的斗争史实，与上构成详略结合的论据。】
忽视常识如残花，唯有凋零；利用常识若雄鹰，展翅高飞。盲从常识的人自掘坟墓，践行常识的人锦途干里。
昂视蓝天，我发现：成败皆因常识!【结论段以形象的语言总括论述主体的论述，并再次强调中心论点。】
【评点剖析】这是2009年广东高考作文，突出亮点如下：一是围绕“常识”切入，切合题意，题目表明论点，开篇就亮出文章中心论点。二是紧扣论点，运用对比的手法从正反两个不同的层面展开论述，使论述更加深刻。三是论据丰富，文章选取了历史人物项羽、岳飞和诸葛亮，以及今天的中国共产党人作为实例，由古到今，有详有略，很具有说服力。四是表达极具文学性，文采飞扬，特别是一些语言富有文化底蕴，很老到，不是套作，而是发自考生的真情实感。
第三篇：层层递进式结构
题目:
2005全国卷高考作文：以“意料之外和情理之中”为话题写一篇作文。
（三）没有付出哪有累累硕果
生活就像一个魔方，很多事情都发生在们的意料之外，很多人认为出人意料的事情都是偶然发生的，其实不然。只要我们仔细分析其前因后果，就会发现它的必然性，发现其实一切都在情理之中，须知没有付出哪会有累累硕果？
在今年揭晓的中央电视台第二届“感动中国”的大人物中，有几位似乎从来没有进入过公众的视野，名不见经传的人物却在过去的一年中，和闪光的人物一起感动中国。从繁华的城市走进大山深处，用他那稚嫩的肩膀，扛住了倾颓的教室，扛住了贫穷和孤独的徐本禹；危险中保全试飞样机，惊天一落，创造了奇迹的梁万俊；传递温暖汇聚爱心，揭开艾滋病盖子的桂希恩；毒贩子吓不怕、买不动、难不倒的边境缉 2 毒虎胆英雄明正彬……当这些原本平凡的人物名字出现在“感动中国”的揭晓榜上时，很多人都感到意外，但试问，如果没有无私的奉献精神，没有坚守困境的顽强精神，没有非凡的业绩和举动，他们何以感动中国？由此可见，一些出人意料的事情究其原因其实都在情理之中，只有付出了才会有收获！
不仅在国内，在国外我们也可以看到很多关于看似意料之外实则尽在情理之中的例子，马克思在穷困潦倒的时候仍能著成《资本论》；居里夫人能成为全世界唯一一位两次获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家；牛顿发现能量守恒与转化定律；玻尔组建了世界上一流的量子物理学派；贝尔发明了电话……这些出人意料的累累硕果与勇于质疑、敢于创新的科学精神是分不开的，与他们坚持不懈的努力奋斗是分不开的。
大到伟大的科学家和历史人物，小到我们身边的亲人和同学，我们都可以发现“出人意料和情理之中”的事情，看着成绩单上“黑马”们的成绩，在羡慕的同时你可曾想到成绩背后那挑灯苦读的夜晚，课堂上那全神贯注的表情，机遇只属于那些有准备的头脑。
出人意料而又在情理之中的事情不胜枚举，从这些事情中我们看到了偶然性与必然性的统一，理解了“出人意料和情理之中”的真谛——没有付出哪有累累硕果？
点评： 这是一篇典型的中规中矩的议论文.思路非常清晰：先紧扣“意料之外和情理之中”提出自己的论点——“没有付出就不会有硕果”，然后分别从国内、国外以及现实生活中的例子来论证自己的观点，最后呼应首段，使全文浑然一体，这样一步步写来，犹如行云流水，丝毫没有滞涩之感，而且文章的语言精练，可见作者笔头功夫不浅。本文选用的材料很典型，很有说服力，体现了考生广博的知识和敏锐的观察力。
第四篇：
“引—议—联—结”式结构
题目：阅读下面的材料,根据要求作文。(60分)(2015湖南)有一棵大树,枝繁叶茂,浓荫匝地,是飞禽、走兽们喜爱的憩息场所。飞禽、走兽们经常讲它们旅行的见闻。大树听了,请飞禽带自己去旅行,飞禽说大树没有翅膀,拒绝了;请走兽帮助,走兽说大树没有腿,也拒绝了。大树决定自己想办法,它结出甜美的果实,果实中包着种子。飞禽、走兽们吃了果实,大树的种子就这样传播到世界各地。
请根据上面的材料,自选角度,自拟题目,写一篇不少于800字的记叙文或议论文。
（四）心随路转，心路常宽
大树没有飞禽强劲的翅膀,没有走兽善跑的腿, 能环游世界。究其原因,大树没有因为自身的缺陷而放弃对梦想的追求,而是巧妙借助外力,取长补短,最终达成了夙愿。树犹如此,作为灵长的人类更不应因缺陷而自甘平庸。成功的路不止一条,心随路转,路才能越走越宽。
每个人都是被上帝咬了一口的苹果,我们不能因为被咬了一口留下的缺陷而停止对人生更高的追求。崔万志说:“台风来了,猪都能飞起来。”今天很残酷,明天也许更残酷,但是我们却不能放弃梦想,所以崔万志虽然患有小儿麻痹症,口齿不清,走路歪歪扭扭,但是他通过自身的努力,借助新时代的网络平台做到了网商前30强,不仅如此,他还成为了一名超级演说家。崔万志面对自身的缺陷,没有怨天尤人,没有屈从命运,而是成功地跨越了身体上的障碍,走出了一条适合自己的康庄大道。
面对自身不足,要善于借助外力,取长补短。
荀子说:“假舆马者,非利足也,而致千里;假舟楫者,非能水也,而绝江河。” 毋庸置疑,小到个人,大到国家,都是各有其长,各有其短,如果我们能认清自身不足,善于发现他人的优点,然后将他人之长为我所用,那么我们的追求之路将会越走越宽,越走越亮。我国的南水北调工程是资源配置上的优劣互补,欧盟、亚太经济合作组织是国家与国家之间经济上的优劣互补,这些取长补短的措施不仅实现了资源合理利用的最大化,而且也有利于国家的进一步繁荣。
面对自身劣势,要善于智慧应对,变劣势为优势。
众所周知,2022年世界杯的主办权交给了地域小、人口少、气候恶劣的中东小国卡塔尔,因为卡塔尔人认为,地域小可以免除运动员的舟车劳顿,人口少能把更多的票留给国外球迷,气候恶劣可以催生国人改变现状的决心。
卡塔尔取得世界杯主办权的故事启示我们:在很多时候,劣势未必就一定是不足,如果能用积极的心态,换个思维方式和角度去审视,那么劣势也许就变成了别人所不具备的独特优势。
人生在世,总会遇到来自自身或外界的障碍,只要我们勇于面对,清醒分析,智慧应对,我们就有可能变绊脚石为垫脚石,最终摘取胜利的果实。没有比人更高的山,没有比脚更长的路。只要我们有追求,勇于追求,一切的障碍都将化为坦途,梦想之花一定会绽放![点评] 本文采用“引—议—联—结”的形式结构全篇。开篇简析材料并引出中心观点,由物及人,为下文张本。论证部分剥茧抽丝,层层递进。先论述缺陷、不足的客观存在,论证勇于面对的重要性(为什么);然后从巧借外力、变劣势为优势两个角度论证如何跨越障碍,取得成功(怎么办)。行文紧扣中心,论证充分。事例论证上旁征博引,善用教材素材,行文摇曳生姿。
第五篇
“首先—还—最”式结构
题目：阅读下面的材料，根据要求作文。（6 0分）
著名女作家迟子建曾接受记者的邮件专访，其中对以下几个问题的探讨让人深思。
提到写作的原因和动力，迟子建表示坚持写作就是因为喜欢。
迟子建获奖颇多，但她表示，写作是她一生的修行，得奖只是瞬间的愉快。她告诉记者：“一个修行的人，怎会长久记着那种一闪即逝的愉快呢？ ”
记者：是否可以定义一下你心目中好的文学是什么样的？
迟子建：朴素中的华美，喧嚣中的寂静。
记者：你是一个热爱生活的人吗？
迟子建：生活很难用热爱或是不爱去界定，生活就是生活，无论好坏，无论风霜雨雪，你都得承受。请根据上面的材料，自选角度，自拟题目，写一篇不少于 800 字的记叙文或议论文。
（五）学会生活
“生活很难用热爱或是不爱去界定，生活就是生活，无论好坏，无论风霜雨雪，你都得承受。”著名女作家迟子建在接受记者采访时如是说。寥寥数语，便道出了生活的本质：对于困难和逆境，我们别无选择；我们要选择的，唯有人生的态度。最好的选择，当然是要学会生活，让生命呈现最好的姿态。
学会生活，首先要有勇往直前、敢于开拓的精神。没有激情、停滞不前的生活是无趣的，拥有这种生活的人，每天只会在原地打转。同样，胆小懦弱者由于没有勇气前进，其生活也是灰暗无光的。要想学会生活，就要敢于前进，敢于面对前方的未知因素，并将其中的每一次经历当成人生的财富。我非常欣赏这样一段话：“真的很累吗？累就对了，因为舒服是留给死人的。”累是学习的常态，苦是生活的本色，修行需要耐得住寂寞。如果你此刻觉得自己很辛苦，那么不妨告诉自己：容易走的都是下坡路，坚持往，因为你当下是在上坡！
学会生活，还要有面对困境坚忍不拔、不屈不挠的勇气和信念。王勃曾说：“老当益壮，宁移白首之心；穷且益坚，不坠青云之志。”生活不会总是平坦的大道．总会有崎岖和险阻．而我们要做的．就是在困难中学会坚持，在痛苦中寻找乐趣。史铁生在面对双腿残疾的现实时，也曾经痛苦过，仿徨过，但他并没有丧失对生活的热爱，而是用自己手中的笔书写对生活的理解与感悟，他学会了如何生活，也完成了精神的超越。他说：“我相信我名字里的昭示，让历史像铁一样地生着。”他的笑容很明明，像明净的秋天。
学会生活，最重要的是要有面对喧嚣纷扰时宁静淡泊的心态。在这个物欲横流、金钱至上的时代，人的心态也逐渐变得浮躁，我们整日忙着追逐金钱、利益、权力，生活在不经意间峭然溜走，而我们却毫无察觉，以至于直到我们白发苍苍、满身疲惫时才突然意识到再也无法挽回。莫言无疑是明智的，当外界为他获诺贝尔文学奖而嘈杂不已时，他自己却独守书房，保持着内心的宁静，在文学的道路上继续探索。面对纷扰，莫言守住了内心的宁静，学会了生活。
生活就在那里．无论我们是面对还是逃避。既然如此，为什么不尝试着学会生活呢？让自己的生活在有限的时空里绽放出巨大的光彩！
点评：本文是一篇优秀的议论文。文章立意准确，题目内涵丰富而有哲理。文章开篇点题，人题快捷，一上来就抓住所给材料中的核心语句，直接引用，干净利索；然后根据自己的领悟加以引申，显示出作者熟练驾驭材料的功力。在本论部分，作者提出三个分论点，层层递进．结构严谨；每个层次的议论又有变化．有间接引用精彩语段，有直接引用名人名句，例证有史铁生、莫言。结论部分简洁有力。全文融人作者自己的领悟，活泼流畅，蓬勃着积极向上的朝气。
第六篇 “起承转合式”结构
题目：阅读下面的文字，根据要求作文。
某公司到省人才中心招聘销售部工作人员。应聘者很多，但招聘单位却只留给一个职位。在应聘者抢占座位作准备时，一个叫张媛媛的女大学生却几次主动让座，让别人先面试。到她面试时，公司负责人对她的条件虽较为满意，但认为她过于谦让，不适合到销售部工作。该负责人认为，谦让的确是一种美德，但面对激烈的市场竞争。公司更需要“锐意进取”的员工。而张媛媛则认为不具备良好道德修养的人，是干不好工作的。此事在省城引起强烈反响。人们议论纷纷，有人说公司的要求符合市场经济的规则，有人则认为张媛媛的做法是正确的，应继续保持这种美德。
请全面理解材料，但可以从一个侧面、一个角度构思作文。自主确定立意，确定文体，确定标题；不要脱离材料内容或其含意范围作文，不要套作，不得抄袭。
（六）谦而不卑，争而不傲
古训常说:世间万物皆有法度。生活中若是过分争强，就显得傲气；竞争中若是过分的谦让，就显得卑微。谦而不卑，争而不傲，合乎法度，乃人生之理。
最喜欢杨绛女士说过的一句话:我与谁都不争，和谁争我都不屑。或许正是这份谦让淡然的态度，才让她潜心治学，终有所成。这像极了容纳万物的水，“上善若水，水利万物而不争，而万物莫能与之争。” 谦让本是一种良好的品德，谦让不是谦卑，不是一事无成，相反有时越是谦让，反而越是接近伟大！
记得哈佛大学入学第一课就是让学生学会弯腰，学会在生活中迁就他人。因为生活本身就是一场拥挤的旅行，越是争抢，越是拥挤，倒是谦让之人，才能开辟出自己的天地，安安静静的欣赏沿途的风景。
然而更多时候，残酷的市场竞争中容不得人谦让。正如《好汉歌》中唱到“该出手时就出手”，适者生存，优胜劣汰的游戏中，从不需要像宋江那样宽厚谦让的领导者，需要的是拳打镇关西的花和尚，需要的是扯诏榜的黑旋风。唯有争取，才有机遇。
试想，乔布斯若是不争一争，怎么会创造出苹果的神话？百度若是不争一争，怎么会缔造新中国的繁荣昌盛？而人类的历史莫不是在一次次争和夺的过程中曲折前行的吗？争是舍我其谁，争是锐意进取，机会向来留给有准备的人，准备好了却不敢争，何其衰也!
谦是淡然，争是昂扬，合乎法度之内，谦和争本不矛盾，就算是水利万物而不争，也会在乱石穿空处激荡起惊涛骇浪；就算是鹰纵横于天地而争日月，也会在夕阳西下时回归新巢里本真的宁静。心有猛虎，却在细嗅蔷薇，谁能否定谦让待人时收获的余香，谁又能否认争取拼搏后成功的快乐？
道可道，非常道。为人处世之道在于合乎法度，于生活中谦而不卑，于竞争中争而不傲，才会在收获功与名时收获快乐，在快乐中终能找到人生幸福的归宿。
点评：本文紧扣材料关系立意，标题运用对称句式，体现了考生严谨的思辨性。主体部分运用“起承转合式”结构，逻辑清晰，例证丰富。语言灵动典雅，体现考生良好的文字功底。
第二篇：政治考前必背2013
一、关于消费
（一）影响消费的因素？
生产；收入；物价；消费观
（二）扩大内需，刺激消费的意义何在？
①消费对生产起着重要的反作用，消费拉动经济增长、促进生产发展，生产出来的产品被消费了，这种产品的生产过程才算最终完成。消费是物质生产总过程的最终目的和动力；消费所形成的新的需要，对生产的调整和升级起着导向作用；一个新的消费热点的出现，往往能带动一个产业的出现和成长；消费为生产创造出新的劳动力，能提高劳动力的质量，提高劳动者的生产积极性。②贯彻科学发展观，加快转变经济发展方式，推动产业结构优化升级。促进经济增长由主要依靠投资、出口拉动向依靠消费、投资、出口协调拉动转变，实现国民经济又好又快发展的要求。
（三）怎样刺激消费、扩大内需？
①落实以人为本的科学发展观要求，实现国民经济又好又快发展的要求。②发展经济，扩大就业，千方百计增加居民收入。
③发挥财政的积极作用，建立、健全社会保障制度。
④努力实现社会公平,统筹城乡经济发展。
⑤加强政府的宏观调控，稳定物价，整顿和规范市场经济秩序。
⑥树立正确的消费观。
（四）运用经济生活，应如何拒绝舌尖上的浪费？
①国家：引导全社会树立正确的消费观；加强宏观调控，综合运用经济、法律、行政等宏观调控手段控制浪费现象，将杜绝浪费纳入法制轨道。
②企业：制定正确的经营战略，提高服务水平和质量；树立正确的金钱观,树立良好的信誉、形象，承担社会责任。
③消费者：树立正确的金钱观，树立科学、合理的消费观，理性消费,勤俭节约，艰苦奋斗。
（五）为什么要参与“光盘行动”？
勤俭节约，艰苦奋斗是社会主义荣辱观的体现；从历史角度看，勤俭节约，艰苦奋斗是中华民族的传统美德和优良作风；从现实国情看，我国正处在社会主义初级阶段，是发展中的人口大国更要戒奢从俭；从民族的存在和发展看，一个没有艰苦奋斗的民族，难以自立自强；从个人成长看，艰苦奋斗有助于我们战胜困难，成就事业。
（六）运用《政治生活》，政府在拒绝舌尖上的浪费应如何作为？
①政府必须坚持为人民服务的宗旨、对人民负责的工作原则；
②政府必须认真履行市场监管、社会管理等经济职能;履行文化建设职能（其它职能视材料写）；
③树立政府权威：依法行政、审慎用权、高效廉洁、科学决策、自觉接受人民监督。（视材料写其中的内容）
（七）青少年学生应积极投入“光盘行动”中。请提出两条具体建议，并分别说明其哲学道理。
①适量点餐：量变是质变的前提和必要准备，坚持适度原则。（或：点滴节约，量的积累）
②剩菜打包：坚持正确意识的指导（或：坚持正确价值观的指引）
二、关于诚信
(一)诚信经营必要性和重要性
（1）对国家：有利于建立良好的市场秩序，有利于合理配置资源，使市场经济健康发展。诚实守信是现代市场经济正常运行必不可少的条件。社会信用缺失会直接导致市场秩序混乱、交易萎缩、坑蒙拐骗盛行，进而导致投资不足、经济衰退。
（2）对企业：诚信经营，是企业良好的信誉和形象所在。是企业的无形资产，关系到企业成败。促使企业生产高质量的产品和提供优质的服务。
（3）对消费者：有利于维护消费者的合法权益。
（二）如何加强诚信建设？
（1）国家：①形成以道德为支撑、法律为保障的社会信用制度，是规范市场秩序的治本之策。
②建立比较完善的市场规则。以法律法规、行业规范、市场道德规范等形式，对市场运行的方方面面作出的具体规定；遵循诚实信用原则。③综合运用经济、法律、行政等宏观调控手段.（2）企业：要遵守法律，要有道德，要增强社会责任感,自觉树立诚信观念。
（3）消费者：要学法、懂法、守法，要有维权意识和维权行动。
总之，每个经济活动参与者都必须学法、懂法、守法，既保证自己的经济活动符合法律的规范，又能够运用法律维护自己的权益。
三、关于“自主创新”
（一）意义
国家角度：第一，这是落实以人为本的科学发展观要求，实现国民经济又好又快发展的要求。
第二，是提高自主创新能力，建设创新型国家的需要，增加国家的竞争力。建设创新型国家是国家发展战略的核心，是提高综合国力的关键。
第三，是加快转变经济发展方式、推动产业结构优化升级的需要。有利于走中国特色新型工业化道路，实现主要由依靠增加物质资源消耗向主要依靠科技进步、劳动者素质提高、管理创新转变。企业：有利于企业采用新技术、改善经营管理，以提高劳动生产率；有利于增强企业研发自主品牌的能力。总之，有利于提高企业的经济效益，提高增强市场竞争力。
个人 ：有利于提高劳动者素质，增强就业能力。
（二）怎么做
国家角度：第一，贯彻以人为本的科学发展观要求，实现国民经济又好又快发展的要求。
第二，建设创新型国家的需要，增加国家的竞争力。
第三，是加快转变经济发展方式、推动产业结构优化升级的需要。走中国特色新型工业化道路，实现主要由依靠增加物质资源消耗向主要依靠科技进步、劳动者素质提高、管理创新转变。
企业：科技创新、管理创新，以提高劳动生产率；研发自主品牌，增强市场竞争力。
个人 ：劳动者要努力学习，提高技能和素质，要有创新意识和创新实践。
四、关于“生态文明”（低碳经济）
（一）为什么？
（二）怎么做？（同上，换个行为动词）
第一，这是落实的科学发展观要求，有利于实现全面协调可持续发展,做到统筹兼顾,实现国民经济又好又快发展的要求。
第二，有利于加快转变经济发展方式，推动产业结构优化升级。有利于走中国特色新型工业化道路，有利于实现由主要依靠增加物质资源消耗向主要依靠科技进步、劳动者素质提高、管理创新转变。
第三，有利于加强能源资源节约和生态环境保护，增强可持续发展能力。第四，有利于提高自主创新能力，建设创新型国家。
第五，有利于人们树立正确消费观，确立绿色消费的理念，勤俭节约，保护消费者健康。
（二）经济生活角度谈怎么做？
（1）政府应如何作为？
①贯彻落实科学发展观，建设生态文明，促进国民经济又好又快发展；（根据材料，写上第一要义，或者核心、基本要求、根本方法）②提高自主创新能力，建设创新型国家（或者省份、城市）；
③转变经济发展方式，推动产业结构优化升级；
④加强能源资源节约和生态环境保护，增强可持续发展能力；
⑤加强宏观调控，综合运用经济、法律和行政手段。
（2）企业应如何担当？
①贯彻落实科学发展观；发展循环经济。
②提高自主创新能力，通过科技和管理的创新降低排放。
③转变经济发展方式，调整产品结构。
（3）消费者应如何担当？
消费者要树立正确的消费观，做理智的消费者，坚持低碳生活，保护环境，绿色消费，勤俭节约、艰苦奋斗。
（三）从《政治生活》角度，分析政府应如何作为？
①政府必须坚持为人民服务的宗旨、对人民负责的工作原则；
②政府必须认真履行提供社会公共服务的职能，（其它职能视材料写）；③树立政府权威：依法行政、审慎用权、高效廉洁、科学决策、自觉接受人民监督。（视材料写其中的内容）
五、影响公司经营与发展的主要因素
（1）要制定正确的经营战略。
（2）要提高自主创新能力，依靠科技进步、科学管理等手段，形成自己的竞争优势。（价格、产品质量、服务水平、品牌效应）
（3）要诚信经营，树立良好的信誉和企业形象（产品和服务）。信誉和形象是企业的无形资产，公司是否诚信经营，关系到企业成败。
（4）除此以外，建立健全现代企业制度、进行兼并和强强联合、提高经营者素质、优化组织结构、转变经济发展方式、自主创新自主品牌等也是影响公司经营成败的重要因素。
六、如何提高开放型经济水平
（1）提高开放型经济水平的要求:在新世纪新阶段，我们必须拓展对外开放的广度和深度，提高开放型经济水平。要把“引进来”与“走出去”更好的结合起来，扩大开放领域，优化开放结构，提高开放质量，完善内外联运、互利共赢、安全高效的开放型经济体系，形成经济全球化条件下参与国际经济合作和竞争的新优势。
在新形势下，我们要创新利用外资方式，优化利用外资结构，发挥利用外资在推动自主创新、产业升级、区域协调发展等方面的积极作用。
从“引进来”到“走出去”，意味着我国对外开放发展到了一个新层次。
（2）我国实行对外开放，发展对外经济关系，必须坚持独立自主，自力更生的原则。中国是人口众多的发展中的社会主义大国，任何时候都不能依靠别人搞建设，必须把独立自主、自力更生作为自己发展的根本基点。独立自主、自力更生不是闭关自守，不是盲目排外。而是在立足于自身发展的基础上实行对外开放。例：高科技电子设备产品附加值“微笑曲线”图
• 材料
一、美国一份题为《抓住苹果全球网络中的价值》的研究报告揭示了苹果公司产品全球供应链的价值分布：把技术含量高、附加值高的iPhone零部件生产分解到韩国及欧洲六个国家的九家企业，然后出口到中国进行组装，再由中国出口到美国进入苹果公司销售网络。在整个产业链中，苹果作为iPhone的创造者，拿到了利润的58.5%，而完成组装的中国工人只分得iPhone总价值的1.8%，这反映出高科技电子设备中创造者和制造者的差距。
• 材料
二、回顾过去十年的风雨历程，伴随着经济全球化的进程，我国经济在快速发展的同时，也面临着一系列挑战：如美国屡以中国长期保持对美国的巨额贸易顺差（出口＞进口）为由，施加压力要求人民币升值以解决中国贸易失衡问题；高新技术产品出口比重虽在上升，但技术含量及产品附加值低，自主知识产权品牌少；缺乏核心技术和美元贬值使我国的经济安全受到威胁。
（1）分析图和材料一，概括出其中所蕴含的经济信息。（4分）
（2）结合图和材料一，从公司经营的角度，为我国企业参与国际分工出谋献策。（6分）
36、（1）①经济全球化促进了生产领域的国际分工。
• ②研发和售后在产业链的高端；我国企业自主创新能力不强，处于全球产业链的低端。
• ③经济全球化实质上是以发达资本主义国家为主导的。
•（其他解答若针对性强，言之成理，可酌情给分）
•（2）①加大科技研发投入，要有自主品牌、促进自主创新，形成自己的竞争优势。
• ②加快产品升级和转型。
• ③不断改进营销方式，成功的经营策略有利于企业达到盈利目的。
•（学生如答到“提高产品的质量”，“诚实守信经营”，“产品结构调整”等观点，言之成理，可酌情给分。）
七、关于物价
（一）物价上涨或下跌的原因可能有哪些？
（1）价值决定（成本上升），社会劳动生产率的提高；
（2）供求关系的变化；
此外，国家的宏观调控。
（二）价值规律的内容与表现形式
对等价交换的理解（只存在于平均数之中）
（三）物价上涨带来的影响
对生活（一般情况下的影响；对必须品的影响；对互补品的影响）
对生产
（四）控制物价的意义
控制物价上涨：有利于提高消费水平
（1）价格变动对人们生活的影响
①一般来说，一种商品价格上升时，人们会减少对它的购买；反之亦然。②价格变动对生活必需品需求量的影响小，对高档耐用品需求量影响大。
③一种商品价格变动还会影响相关的其他商品的价格和需求量。在可相互替代的两种商品中，一种商品价格上涨，消费者将减少对该商品的需求量，将增加对其替代品的需求量；反之亦然。在有互补关系的商品中，一种商品价格上涨，需求量会下降，导致对另一种商品需求量减少；反之亦然。
（2）价格变动对生产经营的影响
①调节生产规模。一种商品价格下降，生产者会减少产量；价格上涨，生产者会增加产量。
②提高劳动生产率。企业提高了劳动生产率，才能缩短个别劳动时间，提供降价空间，使其在价格竞争乃至生存竞争中更具优势。
③生产适销对路的高质量的产品。生产者提供质量好的适销对路的产品，就能获取较大的市场份额，获取更多的利润。
第三篇：高考英语考前必背优秀作文
高考英语考前必背优秀作文
一：假定你是李华。近日有网友在推特贴出了中国大妈带领美国大妈在新泽西大跳广场舞的照片，你的美国朋友David看过后，很想了解中国流行的广场舞（square dance）的相关情况。请你用英语给他写封回信，要点包括：
1)广场舞跳的时间、地点、参与人员等；
2)广场舞流行的原因；
Dear David，I am writing to tell you something about the square dance in China.As can be seen from the name, square dance usually takes place at the square, where there is large space for lots of people to get together.In the morning or after dinner, people, especially elderly women, will gather in squares to dance to popular music.With its popularity, more and more young people are also joining in.There are many reasons behind its popularity.First of all, with social and economical development people have more time and energy to enjoy and relax themselves.Besides, it provides people with a platform to make new friends and doing the square dance is a good way for people to keep fit.If you want to know more about the square dance ,welcome to China to experience it by yourself.Li Hua
二、假设你是李华，你的朋友Tom 刚被牛津大学录取，邀请你去参加今周六举行的庆祝party,你刚好不能参加，请回信说明理由。内容要点：
1.祝贺录取
2.不能前往的原因
3.祝福 Dear Tom，Congratulations on your being admitted to Oxford University!
I’m grateful and honored to be invited to your celebration party to be held this Saturday evening.However, much to my regret, I have to decline your kind invitation.As you know, a Chinese Poetry Competition is being held in our school and I have successfully entered the final round competition, which happens to be scheduled on this Saturday and will not end until late into the evening.It’s a great pity that I can’t make it to your party.But I’ve prepared a gift for you and hopeful you will like it.May your party be a great success and enjoy yourself that day!
Yours
Li Hua
三、假设你是李华，你校学生会将在下个学期在学校每周举行文化周活动，先向同学们征求意见，请向学生会写一封信，内容包括： 1.你的态度
2.你的建议
3.活动意义
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Dear Students Union, I heard that our school would organize “Lecture Week” next term so as to broaden our vision.I strongly agree to your decision that we’ll attend a series of lectures on different topics.It is said that there will be a lecture every day during the week.During the Lecture Week, as we will invite some famous professors to give us speeches on various subjects, I suggest a lecture on how to study English effectively should be included.The reason is that many students in our school are not so good at English.We have a strong desire to improve it.The Lecture Week, in my opinion, is a great chance to enrich our school life as well as encourage us to study successfully.I sincerely hope that we students will have such wonderful time in the Lecture Week.Best wishes!
Li Hua
四：假如你是李华，你的加拿大网友Mike圣诞节期间打算来中国，他对中国传统文化非常感兴趣，希望你能为他推荐一些名胜古迹。请你用英语给他发一封电子邮件，向他推荐一个或两个你所喜欢的名胜古迹。要点：
1．简介你推荐的名胜古迹； 2．叙述你推荐的理由； 3．表达你的祝愿。Dear Mike，I’m glad to know that you are coming to China during Christmas.The following is a brief introduction about some places of interest that I strongly recommend to you.The Great Wall of China is one of the greatest wonders in the world, which is visible from outer space.Because of its rich history and magnificent appearance，the Great Wall attracts a lot of tourists，scientists，and historians.The famous West Lake is like a brilliant pearl embedded in the beautiful and fertile shores of the East China Sea near the mouth of the Hangzhou Bay.The view of the West Lake is simply charming.Different time and different weather make it a different scene.I am looking forward to your arrival.There are many other wonderful places here.Wish you a nice journey.Yours，Li Hua
五：你校将要举行一次主题为“How to Communicate with Our Parents”的英语演讲比赛，请你用英语写一篇演讲稿。要点如下： 1．尊重并信任父母；
2．常与父母聊天；
3．换位思考问题。参考词汇：换位思考put oneself in sb’s shoes
How to Communicate with Our Parents Hello，everyone.I’d like to share my ideas about the topic of communicating with our parents.Parents are the people who love us
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most，so it’s necessary to keep a good relationship with them.Here are my ideas on how to make it easier to communicate with parents.First，it goes without saying that we should respect and trust our parents.They have experienced more and always try their best to protect us from dangers.In addition，if we often talk with them about our life and experiences，we will know each other better.What’s more，we can often tell our parents how much we love them.If sometimes we don’t agree with our parents’ decisions，we should try to put ourselves into their shoes and we will soon understand them.Remember what they really want is only the best for us.Thank you for listening.六：近年来大城市交通拥堵严重，影响了人们的生活和经济发展，对此人们十分抱怨。假如你是李华，请用英语给报社写封信。要点：1.交通现状及影响；
2.提出改进建议； 3.希望建议被采纳。Dear editor, I am writing to you to talk about the heavy traffic.Nowadays, people in many big cities are complaining about the heavy traffic.It has seriously influenced people ’s daily life and economic development.To solve the problem, I’d like to put forward some pieces of advice.For one thing, more streets and roads should be built.In this way, we can speed up the flow of buses and cars.For another, the number of bikes and cars can be limited, which can decrease the traffic flow.But the most important thing is that the number of private cars should be put under control.Meanwhile, it is suggested that buses should have their own special routes which cannot be used by other vehicles.Besides, underground train and city train should be developed quickly.I do hope you can take my suggestions into consideration.i Hua
七：假设你是李华，临近毕业了，你给高中英语老师Miss.Li写一封感谢信，内容要点如下：
1．表示感谢；
2．你的近况；
3．你对大学的展望以及上大学后的打算。
Dear Miss Li，How is everything going? I am writing to express my sincere gratitude to you for your kind help with my study.With your help，I make great progress in English.I am Senior Three now.Devoted to my study every day, I have learned much knowledge, which will definitely promise me a good performance in my college entrance exams.I hope that I can be admitted into my dream university, one with good equipment and learned professors.When I am in college, I won’t bury myself in books the whole day.Instead, I’ll be active and take part in many after-class activities where I can develop my social skills and my potential.3 / 6
Additionally, it goes without saying that I will try my best to make more friends.I firmly believe that only in this way can I make my college life more colorful.Thanks again.Wish you a good day.Look forward to your early reply.Yours truly，Li Hua
八：假如你是高三学生李华，请写一篇演讲稿，准备代表全体同学在毕业典礼上发言，内容要点如下：
1)毕业的心情； 2)高中三年的收获； 3)感谢和决心。
Good morning, everyone.I’m Li Hua.It’s my great honor to stand here to deliver my speech.It has been three years since I started my high school.At this moment, I cannot bear to part but I am also eager for my new life in university.During the three years, not only have I made some true friends who shared sorrows and joys with me, but also I have gained various knowledge.Before leaving, I’d like to express my sincere gratitude to my teachers.It was they who patiently answered our endless questions.Besides, I owe many thanks to my dear classmates.Without their help and encouragement, I couldn’t have overcome so many difficulties.Now I’ve been determined to lead a more meaningful life in university and I will live up to the expectations of my teachers and my parents.Thank you for your listening.七：假设你是李华，于上周六搭乘某运输公司大巴回老家看望爷爷奶奶，到站后，发现遗失了黄色行李箱(80 cm×40 cm×25 cm)，箱内装有给爷爷奶奶的礼物、个人衣物及几本书。现请用英文给该运输公司写一封信，请他们帮你寻找。要点包括： 1．陈述写信原因；
2．描述行李箱；
3．期待回复并表示感谢。
Dear Sir or Madam，My name is Li Hua，and I was a passenger on your early bus last Saturday, travelling from the center of the city to the village.Unfortunately，I found that my suitcase got lost when I arrived at the stop.I am therefore writing to ask for your help in finding my suitcase.The suitcase is a yellow one，80 cm long，40 cm wide and 25 cm thick，with my name tag on the back.It contains some clothes and several books about history.There are also some presents I bought for my grandparents.It will be a great disappointment to me if I can’t find it.I would greatly appreciate it if you could help find my lost suitcase.I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.Yours，4 / 6
Li Hua 九：假如你是李华，最近你比较关注美国文化，尤其对美国的节日感兴趣。请你给你的美国网友Tom写一封电子邮件，询问关于感恩节的一些情况。要点如下：
1．介绍自己的近况；
2．询问关于感恩节的一些情况；
3．表示感谢。
Dear Tom，Thanks for your e－mail last time.I’d like to tell you that I am now focusing my attention on American culture，especially American festivals.When it comes to American festivals，what attracts me most is Thanksgiving Day.Since I have never spent the festival in America in person，I know little about it.I would appreciate it greatly if you can tell me something about it.My questions are as follows：How did it come into being？How and when do people celebrate it？What’s its significance? I hope you can give me assistance in these problems and thank you in advance.Best wishes!
Yours，Li Hua 十：假设美国某中学师生一行要来你校开展联谊活动，学校指定你代表学生会在联谊会上发言。请你用英语写一篇发言稿。要点：
1．欢迎来宾；
2．介绍学校(设施、老师、学生)
3.对联谊活动的期盼
Ladies and gentlemen，I feel greatly honoured to be here with the guests from the USA.Now allow me to express our warm welcome and sincere greetings to our American guests on behalf of the Student Union.Here I’d like to make a brief introduction to our school.As you can see，our classrooms and science buildings are well equipped，with many trees and tall buildings around them.To make things better，our teachers are devoted and kind-hearted.Whenever we meet with difficulties，they will come to help us.Besides，we students are all hard－working and always help each other，as if we were a big family.In our Student Union，we have several clubs，which are founded by students of similar interest.In a word，this is a wonderful place to study and make friends.In the following days we will experience our colorful school life together and hopefully it will become an unforgettable memory in your life.That’s all.Thank you.十一：在学习、生活和工作中，学会与人合作是非常重要的，请你写一篇题为“Being a Good Partner ”的英文演讲稿。要点：1.合作的意义
2.怎样成为好的合作伙伴 3.你的观点
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Good afternoon, everyone!The topic of my speech today is “being a good partner”.Cooperation is a good way for us to learn from each other as well as to improve our friendship.Besides，successful cooperation can save us a lot of time and energy.How can we become a good partner? As for me, first of all, there is no doubt that we should try to listen to others’ opinions.If he makes mistakes, we’d better try to point them out in a polite way.Besides, never force our own ideas on others.Sometimes, it can be difficult to team up with someone we dislike.In this case, we should learn to put up with some of his shortcomings and try to discover his advantages.Wish my views would be helpful.Thank you for your listening!
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第四篇：高考考前必背的英语句型
高三学生考前必背的英语句型(2008-05-14 07:06:19)
◆Living near the sea, we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight.分词短语作状语 ◆Seen from the moon, the earth looks like a blue ball.◆To learn English well, we must study even harder.◆Hearing the good news, we couldn't help crying.分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。
= When he heard the good news, tears came to his eyes.◆I am sorry to see/hear you fail in the exam.不带to的不定式作宾补 ◆I will have my bike repaired tomorrow.分词作宾补
◆Who had the light burning all night long? 分词作宾补
◆To see is to believe.(眼见为实)不定式作主语，表语 = Seeing is believing ◆Losing the new bike made Tom very upset.动名词作主语
◆Time permitting(If time permits), I will pick you up at six this evening.独立主格结构
◆Ten people were killed in the accident, Tom included./including Tom.◆One hundred scientists were praised, 20 of them women=20 of whom were women.◆Nothing else to do, I watched TV all day at home.◆The policeman followed the thief in, gun in hand/with a gun in his hand..◆They had to wait for help ,all the money gone(=as all the money was gone).◆Everybody out(As everybody was out), I had to put a note on the door.◆The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.with复合结构
◆I really didn't know when it was that she had arrived in Kunming.强调句型 ◆It is because he was careless that he failed to pass the examination.◆What on earth was it that he told you about in the street yesterday?
◆Was it in 1969 that the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon ?
◆Was it in 1939 when World War Two broke out that they got married?强调句型＋定语从句
◆Only when the bus has stoppedcan you get off it倒装
◆Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.◆Not only will I give you the book, but I also will give you some money.◆Hardly/Scarcely had I gone out of the room when I heard the bell ring.No sooner…than
◆Doctor as /though he is, he can't cure her of the disease.倒装＋让步状从 ◆Were I you(If I were you),I would go there myself.倒装＋虚拟语气
◆It is necessary/strange/ important/natural/a pity that we(should)change our plan.虚拟语气
◆Had it not been for /But for/Without your help, our experiment wouldn't have been so successful.◆Should it rain(If it should rain)tomorrow, we would have to put off the match.◆If you had taken the medicine last night, you would feel better now.◆Given more time(=If we had been given…), we could have done better.◆It is about time that you went home now.◆I would rather you came here tomorrow morning./I would rather you hadn’t said that yesterday
◆You should have finished your homework yesterday.◆If only I could fly like a bird./ I wish I could fly like a bird
◆He suggested that we(should)set off early./ It was suggested that we(should)set off early
◆His suggestion was that we(should)set off early./His suggestion that we(should)set off early was considered..◆The teacher insisted that Tom was a good student and that he(should)be praised.◆It is so difficult a maths problem that we could hardly work it out.结果状语从句
◆It is so easy an exercise that all of us can do it.=It is such an easy exercise that all of us can do it.◆It is so difficult a maths problem as we could hardly work out.定语从句 ◆It is such an easy exercise as all of us can do.◆This is the very/best/last book(that)I am looking for.All that could be done has been done.◆Is this museum the one(that)they visited that day?Cf: Is this the museum(that)they visited that day?
◆Mrs Wang was disappointed to find the TV set she had repaired went wrong again ◆I like the city of Hangzhou, where stands a famous tower.◆The manager will see you on Sunday, when he will be free from all those troubles.◆The news(that)Tom told us was true.◆The news that our team had won was true.同位语从句(that不能省略，不充当句子成份)
◆What do you think of the suggestion that she(should)try it once more?
◆Their suggestion that we(should)open up another oil field here made us excited ◆The news that we would go to Mount Tai during the summer holidays delighted us.◆Have you any idea how the problem would be solved ?
◆Whatever I have will be yours sooner or later.主语从句
◆It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey./It's quite clear that he will go to the doctor's tomorrow.◆It is well known that the earth moves around the sun./Whether he'll go to his uncle's is still unknown.◆What he has done has nothing to do with us./What we need are experienced doctors ◆That you don't like him is none of my business.◆Whoever told you that was lying.(=Anyone who told you that was lying.)◆Whether he will accept the gift doesn’t matter at all.◆What the workers insisted on was that they be given more pay.主语从句+表语从句 ◆What the old man's sons wanted to know was where the gold had been hidden.◆What he is worrying about is whether he can find a job soon.◆That is just where they are mistaken.表语从句
◆The reason why I don't go to France wasthatI got a new job.定语从句＋表语从句
◆Whether we can go camping depends on whether it will be fine tomorrow.主从+宾从
◆These ancient Indians used to live in what is now a part of the United States.◆The bike is in good order except that there's something wrong with the front wheel.◆When he invented the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell was still a young man.时间状从
◆He had just got up/ I was watching TV when someone knocked at the door.◆It was 11:30 when we got home last night.cf.It was at 11:30 that I got home last nigh
◆Each/Every(Last/Next)time he tried the experiment , he got the same result.◆The minute/moment/second/instant/Immediately/Instantly I saw Tom, I recognized him.(=as soon as)
◆Stay where you are until I come back.地点状从Where there is a will, there is a way.◆Young people should go where they are most needed.地点状从
◆If you work hard, you'll make much progress.条件状从=Work hard, and you’ll make much progress.并列句
◆The harder you work, the better progress you will make.=If you work harder, you will make better progress.◆He talks about the US as if he had been there many times./ You must do as the teacher tells you to.方式状从
◆This room is 4 times as large as that one.=the size of that one/ 3 times larger than that one 比较状从
◆However hard the job is(=No matter how hard …), we ought to try our best.让步状从
◆Even if I know he won't agree, I'll still try to persuade him.Whether you like it or not, you should study hard.◆While I agree that Tom is not perfect, he is still a good student.◆Whatever the house costs(=No matter what …), it will be worth it.让步状从 ◆Whatever he says(=Anything that he says)sounds reasonable.主语从句 ◆I have seen him twice during the past week.现在完成时
◆He hurried to the station only to find that the train had gone
◆He is the only one of the students who is good at singing.主谓一致
◆It is Tom and Mary that are to blame for the accident.◆Neither you nor I am a fool;Not you but Tom is a fool.◆All are here and all is going well.◆No one but/except Tom and Mary knows my address。
第五篇：高考必背
一、5年高考完形填空高频选项词汇
Group 1
1．accurate adj.准确的，正确的；精确的 2．admire v．钦佩；赞美；崇拜 3．admit v．承认；准许进入；可容纳 4．annoy v．使恼怒，使不高兴 5．adventure n．冒险，奇遇 6．anxiety n．担忧，焦虑；渴望 7．anxious adj.忧虑的，焦急的；渴望的 8．apart adv.相隔，相距；分离；除外
9．appearance n．出现，露面；容貌，外表，外观
10．appoint v．任命，委任；安排；确定(时间、地点)；指定；约定 11．appreciate v．欣赏；感激；理解
12．appreciation n．欣赏；鉴定，评估；感激；理解 13．approach n．途径，方式，方法 v．靠近，接近；建议；要求
14．arrival n．到来，到达；到达者，到达物 15．ashamed adj.惭愧的；害臊的；羞耻的 16．assist v．帮助，协助，援助 17．astonishing adj.惊人的；令人惊讶的
18．attach v．把……固定；重视；系，贴，连接；使附属；使依恋 19．attackvt.&n．攻击，侵害；(疾病等的)突然发作 20．attitude n．态度
21．avoid v．避免，躲开，逃避，回避 22．awkward adj.令人尴尬的，使人难堪的 23．basic adj.基本的，基础的 24．behaviour n．行为，举止 25．believe v．相信，认为
26．besides prep.除……以外(还有……)adv.此外(还)，而且
27．beyond prep.(表示位置)在……较远的一边；超过；迟于 28．blame n．&v．责备；责怪，埋怨 29．boring adj.乏味的，令人厌烦的 30．brave adj.勇敢的 31．broad adj.宽的，宽阔的
32．burden n．(义务、责任等的)重担，负担 v．烦扰；使负重，装载 高考链接
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Approaching the vehicle，they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept assistance from.3．(2015·重庆高考)Alice paid the vet to continue treatment.I grew anxious：what if the family had simply left the cat behind? 4．(2014·湖南高考)Whatever failures I suffer in my life，an ironed shirt tells me I am good at something.Besides，through ironing I’ve learned the method for solving even the most troublesome problems.Group 2
1．calm adj.镇静的，沉着的，平静的 v．镇静，使平静下来 2．care n．照料，保护，忧虑 v．介意……，在乎；关心 3．carefully adv.小心地，仔细地 4．carry v．运送；传送；传递 5．carve vt.刻；雕刻 6．change n．变化；零钱 v．改变，更换；兑换
7．cheat n．&v．骗取，哄骗；作弊，舞弊 8．cheerful adj.兴高采烈的，快活的 9．choice n．选择；抉择
10．circumstance n．条件；环境；状况，情况 11．clap vi.拍手；鼓掌 n．拍手
12．clean vt.打扫，清扫 adj.清洁的，干净的 13．colleague n．同事 14．colour n．颜色 vt.给……涂色，粉饰
15．combine vt.使联合；使结合 16．comfort n．安慰；慰问 v．安慰；慰问，慰藉
17．comforting adj.令人欣慰的；安慰的
18．comfortable adj.舒服的；安逸的；舒服自在的 19．comment n．评论
20．communication n．交际，交往；通讯 21．company n．公司；商号；伙伴 v．陪伴
22．challenge n．挑战(性)v．向……挑战
23．chance n．机会，可能性 24．conclusion n．结论；结局；推论 25．condition n．条件，状况，境况，状态 26．confuse v．使迷惑，混淆，使混乱，搞乱 27．consequence n．结果，后果 28．continue vi.继续，延续
29．contribute v．贡献，捐献；投稿 30．contribution n．贡献 高考链接
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)She gave me a comforting smile，nodded while listening patiently，and then printed out the ticket immediately.2．(2015·广东高考)On the whole，our population is getting older.The changes in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life.3．(2015·陕西高考)I passed the clean comb back to Dad.He smiled at me and carefully placed his comb on his wallet.4．(2015·福建高考)Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her choice of boyfriends，the way she was living，the way she related to her mother，and various other things she felt she needed to express.Group 3
1．convenient adj.便利的，方便的 2．correct v．改正；纠正 adj.正确的，对的；恰当的
3．cost v．值(钱)，花费，使付出代价 n．价格；费用；成本；代价 4．courage n．勇气；胆略；胆量 5．cover n．盖子；罩；封面
v．覆盖，遮盖；掩蔽；行走(一段路程)；占(多少面积、时间)；采访，报道；够付(费用)，足以支付
6．crazy adj.疯狂的；热衷的；着迷的；精神失常的 7．crowd n．人群，一群人，一伙人 vt.拥挤，涌上(心头)8．cure vt.治疗，医治；治愈；纠正，矫正；消除(弊病等)n．治疗；疗法；对策，措施 9．curious adj.好奇的 10．dangerous adj.危险的 11．decade n．十年；十年期
12．decide v．决定，决断；判决；下决心 13．decision n．决定
14．deed n．行为；事迹；行动 15．defend vt.防守；保卫；辩护
16．delay v．&n．拖延，延迟，延期；延误，耽搁 17．deliberately adv.故意地，蓄意地，存心地 18．describe vt.描写，叙述，描述 19．design vt.设计，策划
n．设计，布局；图案，图样，样式 20．destroy vt.破坏，毁坏
21．determine vt.决定；影响；确定
22．determined adj.有决心的，意志坚定的；果断的 23．different adj.不同的，有差异的 24．dig v．挖(洞、沟)，掘 25．digest v．消化，领会
26．direction n．方向；方位；指示 27．dirty adj.脏的；卑劣的 28．disappointment n．失望；沮丧 29．discover vt.发现
30．disturb vt.扰乱；打扰；使焦虑
31．draw v．绘画；绘制；拉，拖；提取，领取(金钱)；吸引；引起 32．dream n．&vt.梦，梦想 高考链接
1．(2016·江苏高考)And at that moment，I made the decision：I will develop and follow a personal growth plan for my life.2．(2016·天津高考)My ten-year-old was growing and changing right before my eyes，into this determined human being with a passion and a mission.3．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)His words freed me from my bad dreams.4．(2014·湖北高考)The park was crowded，so it took us some time to find an available site.5．(2014·四川高考)She was surprisingly unafraid and seemed to be curious about what he was doing.6．(2014·辽宁高考)Several weeks later，when I described the situation to my friend Ken Hardy，he smiled，“You made a classic mistake.”
Group 4
1．drive v．驾驶，开(车)；驱赶，驱使 2．drop n．滴；少量，微量
v．掉下，落下；变弱，降低，减少；停止；放弃 3．during prep.在……期间 4．eagerly adv.渴望地，热切地 5．earn vt.挣得，赚得，赢得
6．easy adj.容易的，不费力的，舒适的 7．education n．教育，培养 8．effort n．努力
9．embarrass v．使窘迫，使尴尬 10．empty adj.空的 v．(使)变空
11．energy n．精力，能量 12．enjoy vt.欣赏；享受；喜欢 13．enjoyable adj.愉快的；有趣的 14．enter vt.进入；参加；输入 15．entertainment n．娱乐
16．enthusiastic adj.热情的，热心的 17．enthusiastically adv.热情地，热心地
18．entrance n．入口；入场；进入的权利；入学许可；进入 19．environment n．环境 20．envy vt.&n．忌妒；羡慕 21．equal adj.平等的 vt.等于，使等于
n．相等的事物；相同的人 22．equipment n．装备，设备 23．escape n．&vi.逃跑；逃脱 24．even adv.甚至，连(……都)；更 25．eventually adv.最终地 26．examine v．检查
27．excellent adj.极好的，优秀的 28．excite vt.使兴奋，使激动 29．excited adj.感到兴奋的，激动的 30．expect vt.预料；盼望；认为 31．expensive adj.昂贵的 高考链接
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)One thing is for certain—Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle！His efforts most likely saved the woman’s life.2．(2016·四川高考)Maybe your mom would enjoy hearing the story.3．(2016·北京高考)On the 20th of that month，Dr.Welch examined a sick boy，Billy，and knew he had diphtheria，a deadly infectious(传染的)disease mainly affecting children.4．(2015·浙江高考)Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and empty.5．(2014·天津高考)Every evening I’d eagerly wait for the phone to ring and then tell her every detail of my day.Group 5
1．experiment n．实验 vi.做实验
2．explain vt.解释，说明 3．explode v．爆炸
4．extra adj.额外的，外加的，附加的 adv.特别；额外；外加 5．extremely adv.极其，非常 6．fade vi.褪色，(颜色)消退
7．failure n．失败；失败的人(或事物)8．fair adj.公平的，合理的；(肤色)白晳的；(人)白肤金发的 n．集市；庙会；展览会 9．faith n．信仰；信念；信心 10．fall vi.落(下)，降落；倒下 n．秋季；下跌 11．familiar adj.熟悉的
12．feel v．&n．感觉，觉得；触摸 13．finally adv.最后；终于 14．find vt.找到；发现；感到 15．fine adj.好的；优良的 adv.很好地；精巧地 16．finish v．完成；结束 n．结尾，结局
17．fire n．火；火炉；火灾 vi.开(枪、炮等)，射击；解雇 18．firm n．公司；企业 adj.坚固的，坚定的
19．fond adj.喜爱的，爱好的 20．forbid vt.禁止，不许 21．forget v．忘记；忘掉 22．forgive vt.原谅，宽恕 23．form n．表格；形式；结构 v．形成；建立
24．fortunately adv.幸运地；吉利地 25．fortune n．财产；运气 26．free adj.自由的；空闲的 vt.使自由；解放；释放 27．freedom n．自由
28．freeze vi.结冰；冷藏；(因害怕等)僵住不动 29．frequently adv.经常地；频繁地 30．friendly adj.友好的 高考链接
1．(2016·天津高考)After years of regular treatment，she finally became healthy.2．(2016·北京高考)Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to find the trail again.3．(2016·天津高考)She had a firm intention within herself to be the best she could be.4．(2015·广东高考)However,110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live—if he or she is extremely healthy and lucky.5．(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Joe fell into a huge crevasse(裂缝)in the ice below.6．(2014·陕西高考)Her husband was with her，but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock.Fortunately，a lot of people stopped to help out.Group 6
1．friendship n．友谊，友情 2．frighten vt.使惊恐，吓唬 3．front adj.前面的；前部的 n．前面；前部；前线
4．function n．&v．作用，功能；运转，运行 5．future n．将来；未来；前途 adj.将来的；未来的
6．gain vt.赢得；挣得；获得；增加 n．增加；利润；收获 7．game n．游戏；运动；比赛 8．gather v．聚集
9．generally adv.大体上，总的说来
10．generous adj.慷慨大方的，宽厚的，宽宏大量的 11．gift n．赠品；礼物；天赋 12．goal n．(足球)球门；目标 13．graduation n．毕业，毕业典礼 14．gratefully adv.感激地，感谢地 15．greedy adj.贪婪的 16．greet vt.问候；向……致敬 17．grow v．成长，长大 18．guess vi.猜，猜出，想 n．猜测
19．guide n．向导，指南，导游 v．引导
20．guilty adj.有罪的，犯法的；内疚的 21．habit n．习惯 22．half n．一半，半场 23．hand n．手；指针；帮忙，支援 v．递；给；交付，交上 24．happen vi.(偶然)发生，碰巧 25．hard adv.努力地；使劲地；猛烈地 adj.坚硬的；困难的，艰难的 26．hardly adv.几乎不
27．harmful adj.有害的；导致损害的 28．hate vt.&n．恨，讨厌
29．head n．头；头脑；才智；首脑；源头 adj.头部的；主要的；首席的
v．率领；加标题；用头顶；出发；(船等)驶向 30．height n．高，高度 高考链接
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)“What a wonderful lady！” I thought.Rushing out gratefully I called out over my shoulder，“By the way，what’s your name？”
2．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)They had begun to integrate(融合)the kinds of play and teamwork they had seen the day before into their game.3．(2014·福建高考)And each year he’d shake his head，muttering(嘀咕)something about building self-confidence and working towards a goal.4．(2012·湖北高考)“What about a horn？” he then asked.“Look，this horn is no larger than a matchbox and has many functions.” Attracted by these functions，I bought the horn.Group 7
1．help n．&vt.帮助，帮忙 2．helpless adj.无助的 3．hire vt.租用，雇用 n．租借
4．hit v．击，打；碰撞；使突然想起 5．hold vt.拿；抱；握住；容纳；举行；进行 n．抓住
6．holiday n．假日；假期 7．honest adj.诚实的，正直的 8．hope n．&v．希望 9．hopefully adv.充满希望地
10．hopeless adj.没有希望的，不可救药的 11．however adv.然而，可是
conj.然而，可是，尽管如此；不管用什么方法 12．hurry vi.赶快，匆忙 n．急忙，匆忙
13．impossible adj.不可能的
14．innocent adj.天真无邪的，清白的 15．inspire vt.鼓舞；激励 16．instead adv.代替，顶替 17．instruction n．说明，须知
18．interest n．兴趣，趣味；利息，利益，好处 vt.使发生兴趣
19．interesting adj.有趣的
20．interview n．&vt.采访，会见，面试 21．join v．参加，加入 22．main adj.主要的
23．manner n．方式；态度；举止；礼貌 24．march n．游行，行进，行军 25．mean vt.意思是；打算；意欲 26．memory n．记忆
27．merry adj.欢乐的，愉快的 28．mix v．混合，混淆
29．monitor n．(班级内的)班长；监视器 30．move v．移动；搬动；搬家；使感动 31．national adj.国家的，国有的，民族的 32．nature n．自然界；性质；本性，天性 高考链接
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I helped him move slowly over the fence.2．(2016·北京高考)Dr.Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick.However，the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away，in Anchorage.3．(2015·四川高考)I gently placed one on top of the groundhog’s head.Again，not a move.4．(2015·安徽高考)Maybe there is another way out.We need to repair our possessions instead of throwing them away.We also need to rethink our attitudes about spending.5．(2014·新课标全国卷)It was impossible for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up.6．(2014·山东高考)While nursing her ill elder sister throughout the years，Charlotte discovered she had an interest in medicine.Group 8
1．nervous adj.紧张不安的 2．nice adj.友好的，和蔼的 3．noisy adj.喧闹的，嘈杂的 4．normal n．正常 adj.正常的(状态)5．note n．便条，笔记，注释；钞票，纸币；音符，音调 vt.记下，记录；注意
6．notice n．布告，通知；注意 vt.注意到
7．observe v．观察，看到，注意到；遵守；庆祝 8．once n．&adv.一次，一度，从前 conj.一旦
9．only adj.唯一的，仅有的 adv.仅仅，只，才
10．open adj.开着的，未封的，开的 vt.开，打开
11．operation n．手术，操作 12．opinion n．看法，见解 13．optimistic adj.乐观的
14．otherwise adv.要不然，否则，在其他方面 15．outgoing adj.爱交际的，外向的，对人友好的 16．owe vt.欠(债等)，归功于 17．pain n．疼痛，疼 18．painful adj.痛的，痛苦的 19．pass v．传，经过 n．通行证
20．passenger n．乘客，旅客 21．patience n．容忍；耐心 22．pattern n．式样
23．perfect adj.完美的，极好的 vt.使完善
24．picture n．图片；使完美，照片 25．place n．地方 vt.放置
26．plan n．&v．计划，方案
27．play v．玩；打(球)；比赛；扮演，假装 n．玩耍；戏剧
28．pleased adj.高兴的，满意的 29．pleasure n．高兴，愉快，乐事
30．positive adj.乐观的，积极的；肯定的，正电的；阳性的 31．possess vt.占有；拥有 高考链接
1．(2016·江苏高考)While we were eating，Kurt asked me，“John，what is your plan for personal growth？”
2．(2015·北京高考)Someone had left a note under their door during the night.3．(2015·江苏高考)I’m an ambitious writer，and when I started going through chemo(化疗)，even though I’m a very positive person，I lost my drive to write.4．(2014·四川高考)Tom was working out in the field when he noticed her walking around at the edge of the field.5．(2014·浙江高考)He is the only one you have to convince，and he can’t hear you in the back of the room.Group 9
1．poster n．招贴画；海报；巨幅装饰画 2．potential adj.潜在的，可能的 n．可能性，潜在性；潜力，潜能
3．power n．权利，势力；力，动力；电力；强国 4．powerful adj.效力大的，强有力的，强大的 5．practical adj.实际的，实用的 6．practice n．练习
7．praise n．&vt.赞扬，表扬 8．predict v．预言，预告，预测 9．present v．呈现；递交 10．pressure n．压迫；压力；压强 11．preview vt.预习；试演；预演 12．pride n．自豪，骄傲
13．principle n．原理，原则，信条 14．prize n．奖赏，奖品 adj.优秀的；获奖的 15．problem n．问题，难题
16．produce vt.生产；制造；展现；制作 17．progress n．进步，上进 vi.进展，进行
18．prohibit v．禁止，阻止 19．promise n．&vi.答应，允诺 vt.使有可能
20．proud adj.自豪的；骄傲的
21．publish v．出版，发行，公布，发表 22．pull v．拉，拖 n．拉力，引力
23．punish v．惩罚，处罚 24．put vt.放，摆 25．quarrel vi.争吵，吵架 n．口角
26．question vt.询问 n．问题
27．quiet adj.安静的；寂静的 28．quit v．离开，退出；停止；辞职 29．rank n．职衔，军衔 30．reaction n．反应
31．read v．阅读；理解；写着 32．realize vt.认识到，实现 高考链接
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out.I carried my football everywhere for practice.2．(2016·天津高考)Hearing her coughing bitterly one night，I decided to pull her from it all.3．(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)As a matter of fact，we can see this principle at work in people of all ages.4．(2014·北京高考)Mr.Brown thanked her for all the wonderful posters and gave her a professional artist’s set.“Thank you，” she cried.I realized，at that time when I was looking at her excited face，she’d probably never owned anything in her whole life.Group 10
1．reason v．推理；推断 n．理由，原因
2．reasonable adj.合乎情理的 3．recite v．背诵
4．recognize vt.认出，认识；承认；意识到 5．refuse v．拒绝
6．regular adj.规则的，有规律的，定期的 7．reject v．拒绝 n．次品
8．relief n．安慰，欣慰；减轻，缓解；救济 9．repair n．&vt.修理；修补 10．repeat vt.重复；重说，重做 n．重复；副本
11．reply n．回答，答复 12．report n．&v．报道，报告 13．reporter n．记者 14．request n．请求，要求 15．requirement n．需要；要求 16．rescue vt.营救，援救 17．research n．研究，调查 18．respond vi.作答，响应 19．responsibility n．责任，职责 20．responsible adj.有责任的，负责的 21．rest n．休息；剩余部分，其余的人(或物)v．休息，歇息
22．review vt.回顾；复习；评论；检阅 n．评审；复查；复习；评论 23．rule n．规则，规定 v．统治，支配
24．run vi.跑，奔跑；管理，经营，运转；流动 25．safe adj.安全的，平安的 26．same n．同样的人或事 adj.同样的，同一的 27．satisfaction n．满意
28．save vt.救，挽救；节省，积攒
29．scene n．场景，布景；发生地现场；景色 30．scientific adj.科学的
31．search n．&v．搜寻，搜查，寻找 32．seize vt.抓住(时机等)，夺取，抢占 33．seldom adv.很少，不常 34．select vt.选择，挑选；选拔 高考链接
1．(2016·浙江高考)They gave me presents of their favorite artworks which they had refused to sell to tourists.2．(2014·辽宁高考)I felt a little uneasy，but to my relief，I had a good excuse.3．(2014·江西高考)With a smile of satisfaction on his face he said，“There！How does that feel？”“Oh，James，” Mum said.“That’s much better！How did you do it？”
4．(2012·江苏高考)They can also make people feel trapped and forced to answer unwanted calls or reply to unwanted texts.5．(2012·重庆高考)Plants make such good companions：they breathe，they bloom，they respond to care and love.Group 11
1．send v．打发，派遣；送，邮寄
2．sense n．感觉；理解；意识；判断力；感官 v．感觉到
3．set(set，set)vt.释放，安置 n．一套；一副；布景；舞台 4．shelter n．掩蔽；隐蔽处 vt.掩蔽，庇护 5．shock vt.使震惊 n．吃惊，休克
6．sign n．符号，标记；征兆；手势；信号 7．silence n．安静，沉默，寂静 8．similar adj.相似的，相像的，类似的
9．simple adj.简单的，简易的，朴素的，单纯的；完全的 10．single adj.单一的，单个的，单身的 11．situation n．处境，状况 12．skate vi.溜冰，滑冰
13．soon adv.不久，很快，一会儿 14．sorrow n．悲伤，悲痛；伤心事 15．sorry int.对不起，抱歉 adj.难过；懊悔；可怜的 16．special adj.特别的，专门的 17．speech n．演讲
18．speechless adj.(因激动等)说不出话的 19．spiritual adj.精神的；心灵的
20．spread v．延伸；展开，散布，蔓延，传开 21．stage n．舞台；阶段 22．stand n．看台，摊位；立场 v．站立；坐落；忍受
23．start v．开始，着手；出发；创办 24．stay n．&vi.停留，逗留；维持，保持 25．stick vi.粘住，钉住；坚持；卡住 n．木棒(棍)，枝条，小树枝 26．still adj.不动的，平静的 adv.仍然，还，依旧
27．storm n．风暴，暴(风)雨，暴(风)雪 28．strange adj.奇怪的，奇特的；陌生的 29．strength n．力量，力气；强项，长处 30．strong adj.强(壮)的；坚固的；强烈的；坚强的 高考链接
1．(2016·江苏高考)I told him about the many activities in which I was involved.And I went into a speech about how hard I worked and the gains I was making.2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)One afternoon，I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller stuck
going over a fence—which wasn’t hard to climb if you had both arms.3．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)They told her to stay still until the emergency personnel arrived，but she thought the car was going to explode.4．(2014·广东高考)Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers.Then again，teenagers have similar feelings about their parents.5．(2014·北京高考)“And finally，” said Mr.Brown，the schoolmaster，at the end of the show，“we have a special award.I’m sure you’ve all noticed the wonderful posters.”
Group 12
1．suggestion n．建议；暗示 2．suitable adj.合适的，适宜的 3．suspect n．犯罪嫌疑人 v．怀疑；猜想
4．surprise vt.使惊奇，使诧异 n．惊奇，诧异
5．survive v．幸存，幸免于难；从(困难)中挺过来；挺下来，熬过 6．sympathy n．同情；慰问；赞同，支持 7．talent n．天才，天赋，才能 8．teach v．教书，教学 9．tear n．眼泪，泪水 v．扯破，撕开
10．terrible adj.可怕的；极度的，严重的 11．therefore adv.因此，所以 12．though conj.尽管，虽然 adv.然而，但是
13．thought n．思想；思考，想法 14．through adv.通过，自始至终 15．thus adv.如此，因而，这样 16．tiny adj.极小的，微小的 17．tired adj.疲劳的，累的，厌倦的 18．touch vt.触摸，接触；触动，感动 19．trouble vt.使苦恼，使麻烦 n．困难；疾病；麻烦 20．trust n．&vt.相信，信任 21．try v．尝试，试图，努力 n．尝试
22．unless conj.如果不，除非 23．until prep.&conj.直到……为止
24．unusual adj.不寻常的；异常的；与众不同的 25．usually adv.通常地，平常地 26．wave n．(热、光、声等的)波，波浪 v．挥手，挥动；波动 27．way n．道路，方法，途径 28．wealthy adj.富裕的
29．wedding n．婚礼，结婚，庆典 30．while conj.在……的时候，然而 n．一段时间
31．will n．意志，决心
32．wise adj.英明的，有见识的，有智慧的 33．wonderful adj.精彩的；奇妙的，极好的 34．worried adj.担忧的 高考链接
1．(2016·天津高考)With all she had been through in her ten years，this was the hour of true triumph(成功)．
2．(2016·江苏高考)It was a wise decision.While too many couples grow apart，we were growing together.3．(2015·重庆高考)In that case，eat before the flight，though an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping.4．(2014·北京高考)I was surprised and thought that she could do something in the comingtalent show.二、5年高考阅读理解高频障碍词汇
Group 1
1．abnormally adv.不正常地
2．absolute adj.完全的，全部的；绝对的；十足的，地道的 3．abundant adj.大量的，丰盛的，充裕的
4．accomplish v．完成(任务)，达到(目的)，实现(计划、诺言等)5．accumulate v．积累，积聚，增加 6．accuracy n．准确(性)，精确(程度)7．accuse v．控告；指责，指控
8．acknowledge v．承认(权威或主张)，告知(信件、礼物等)已收到 9．acquire v．获得，得到，学到 10．adapt v．使适应，使适合；改编
11．adequate adj.充分的，足够的；合格的；合乎需要的 12．adjustment n．调整，适应，调节；修正 13．admission n．准入；接纳；入场费；承认 14．adolescent n．青少年 adj.青春期的，青春的，青少年的 15．adopt v．收养，领养；采用，采取
16．adore v．(不用于进行时)热爱，敬慕，崇拜，钟爱，喜爱 17．adventure n．冒险；奇遇
18．advocate v．拥护，支持；提倡；鼓吹 n．鼓吹者，提倡者，拥护者，辩护人，律师 19．affection n．喜爱，钟爱，挚爱
20．agency n．代理机构，经销处，代理处，机构，(尤指政府内的)局，部，处 21．alcoholic adj.含酒精的 n．酒鬼，酗酒者
22．allergic adj.过敏的；厌恶的；过敏引起的 23．allocate v．拨给，划归，分配
24．alternative adj.可供替代的，两者择一的，供选择的；另类的，非传统的 n．可供选择的事物
25．ambition n．目标，野心，雄心，抱负，追求，夙愿 26．ambulance n．救护车 27．amount n．金额，数量 v．总计 高考链接
1．(2016·浙江高考)Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie.2．(2015·广东高考)In recent years，however，young upper middle-class people in London，have begun to adopt some regional accents，in order to hide their class origins.3．(2015·江苏高考)One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions.4．(2014·北京高考)The bear behaved abnormally，probably because of hunger.Group 2
1．ample adj.足够的；丰裕的，富裕的；宽敞的，面积大的 2．analyze v．分析 3．analysis n．分析；分解 4．ancient adj.古代的，古老的 5．anecdote n．逸事，趣闻 6．anniversary n．周年纪念日 7．annoyvt.(使)烦恼
8．annual adj.每年的，的，一年一次的
9．apparent adj.显而易见的，表面上的，貌似……的，明白的 10．appeal v．呼吁；恳求；上诉，申诉；有吸引力 n．吸引力；上诉，申诉；呼吁
11．applaud v．&n．鼓掌，赞许，赞赏，欢呼，向……鼓掌，向……喝彩，称赞，赞许 12．applicant n．申请人 13．application n．申请，应用
14．approve v．赞成，同意，批准，通过 15．approximately adv.近似地，大约 16．argue vi.争辩，争论 vt.主张，认为
17．argument n．争论，辩论
18．arise vi.起来，升起；出现，呈现，(由……而)引起，(由……)产生 19．arrange v．安排，布置
20．arrangement n．安排，布置，筹划 21．aspect n．方面，外观，外表 22．assess v．评价，评定(性质，质量)23．assessment n．看法，评价 24．assistance n．帮助，援助，支持
25．associate v．联想，联系；结交，交往；使联合，使有联系，把……和……联系在一起 n．合伙人，伙伴，同事 adj.非正式的；副的；联合的 26．association n．协会，社团；联系 27．assume v．假定，假设；承担；呈现 28．assumption n．假定，假设；担任 29．atmosphere n．大气；气氛，环境 30．attempt vt.试图，尝试 n．尝试，努力 高考链接
1．(2016·北京高考)The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me，re-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.3．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable；therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation.4．(2015·浙江高考)You can use your active reading skills to analyze and understand graphs just like any other text.5．(2015·四川高考)No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo.Group 3
1．attraction n．吸引，爱慕，吸引力；具有吸引力的人或物 2．available adj.可获得的；可得到的；有空的；可用的 3．background n．背景 4．backward(s)adv.向后 5．ban n．禁令，禁止 v．禁止；取缔
6．bare adj.裸露的，光秃秃的，无遮蔽的，无掩护的，勉强的 v．露出，暴露
7．bargain n．(经讨价还价后)成交的商品；廉价货 v．讨价还价
8．bathe vi.洗澡；游泳 n．游泳
9．behalf n．利益；方面；代表，维护
10．behave v．守规矩，行为，表现；做出反应，发生作用；举止规矩有礼，检点 11．beneath prep.在……下方(面)，(指地位等)低于，次于 12．bid v．&n．出价，喊价；命令，吩咐；投标；向(某人)道别 n．喊价，出价；努力争取 13．biography n．传记 14．bless vt.祝福；保佑；赞美
15．block n．大块；(木、石等)块；街区；路障 vt.阻塞；阻挡
16．board n．木板；布告牌；委员会；(政府的)部 v．上(船、火车、飞机等)17．bonus n．奖金；红利；额外津贴 18．boom n．&v．繁荣；轰鸣；激增 n．隆隆声；(营业等的)激增；(经济等的)繁荣 19．botanical adj.植物学的 20．botany n．植物；植物学
21．bounce v．使弹起，蹦，上下晃动 n．弹跳，跳动 22．brake n．闸 vi.刹车
23．branch n．树枝；分枝；分公司，分店；分支部，分支机构，分局 24．brand n．品牌，商标 vt.打烙印于，加污名于
25．break v．打破(断，碎)；损坏，弄坏；打断；中断；摧毁；削弱；使破裂 n．休息；中断；间隔
26．breakthrough n．重大进展，突破 27．breathe vi.呼吸 高考链接
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556－4183.2．(2016·上海高考)I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry，words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.3．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction.4．(2014·重庆高考)We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.5．(2013·天津高考)They’d get back in the car breathless and energized，smelling fresh from the cold air.Group 4
1．brief adj.简洁的，简短的 2．broad adj.宽广的 3．broadcast vt.广播
4．brochure n．资料(或广告)手册 5．budget n．预算，预算费 v．做预算 adj.廉价的
6．buffet n．自助餐 vt.连续猛击
7．burst v．使爆裂，使破裂；突然发生 n．(感情等的)爆发，破裂，爆炸 8．bury vt.埋，葬；覆盖
9．button n．纽扣；(电铃等的)按钮 v．扣(纽扣)，用纽扣挂住
10．campaign n．运动，战役；参加；发起运动 11．cancel vt.取消，撤销
12．candidate n．候选人，申请人；应试者；被认定适合者 13．cartoon n．动画片，卡通
14．casual adj.偶然的，碰巧的；非正式的；临时的；不定期的 15．cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的 16．ceremony n．典礼，仪式；礼节 17．certificate n．证明，证明书；文凭
18．character n．特征，特性；性格；角色；人物；(汉)字，字体；品格 19．classify v．把……分类，把……归类 20．campaign n．运动；活动；战役 v．参加运动；参加竞选
21．complex adj.难以理解的，复杂的 n．建筑群；复合体
22．compulsory adj.强制的，必须做的，义务的 23．confirm v．确认，确定；证实，证明；批准 24．consult v．请教；查阅；商议；咨询
25．convey v．运输；传送；表达；传递(思想、感情等)26．convince v．使确信，使信服，劝服，说服 27．declare vt.宣言，声称，声明；断言 28．decline v．减少，下降，衰退；谢绝，婉拒 29．decorate vt.装饰，修饰
30．deliver vt.投递，传送(信件，邮包等)；发表，宣布，交付 高考链接
1．(2016·浙江高考)Managing the family budget must have been a very hard task，but she made it look effortless.2．(2016·天津高考)I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself，not with me.3．(2014·江西高考)The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or see each other without even leaving their homes.4．(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Turin has started a campaign to make such documents，found in libraries and stores around the world，available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected.5．(2014·四川高考)Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as “night owls” and only 10 percent can be classified as “early birds”—the other 70 percent are in the middle.Group 5 1．editor n．编辑
2．electric adj.电的；电动的
3．emergency n．紧急情况；突发事件 4．especially adv.特别，尤其 5．example n．例子；榜样 6．exchange n．交换，调换；交流 7．expand v．扩大，增加，扩展
8．explicit adj.明确的；清楚的；详述的；坦率的 9．explore v．探险，勘察，考察；探索，探究 10．explorer n．探险者 11．export n．&v．出口，输出
12．expose vt.揭露；露出，显露；使面临 13．express vt.表达；表示；表露 n．特快列车，特快专递
14．extension n．扩大；延伸；扩建；电话分机，分机号码 15．extraordinary adj.非凡的，异乎寻常的 16．fantasticadj.(口语)极好的，美妙的，很棒的 17．fare n．(车或船的)费用，票(价)18．fault n．缺点，毛病；错误 19．feast n．盛宴，宴会，(宗教的)节日 20．federal adj.联邦制的，联邦政府的 21．female adj.女的；女性的；雌性的 n．女人；雌性动物 22．fight n．打仗(架)，战斗 v．与……打架，与……作斗争
23．finance n．资金；财政；财务；金融 vt.为……筹集资金
24．fit adj.健康的；适合的；恰当的 v．(使)适合，合身；装进，可容纳
25．fix vt.使固定；修理；安装；确定，决定；安排 26．flash n．闪光；闪耀；(想法的)突现 v．使闪光；使闪现
27．flexible adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的；灵活的，可变动的 28．fluent adj.流利的，流畅的 29．foggy adj.多雾的
30．follow vt.跟随；接着，沿着，顺着；听懂，理解；遵循；仿效；跟得上 高考链接
1．(2016·江苏高考)Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face，and it’s clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems.2．(2016·浙江高考)This book explores the musical interest and needs of children in their daily lives.3．(2016·江苏高考)She intends to fight to make it a woman’s as well as a man’s world.4．(2015·四川高考)And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin’s chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料)．
5．(2015·北京高考)Furthermore, studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children.Group 6
1．forecast n．&vt.预告 2．fun n．乐趣；乐事；玩笑 3．furniture n．(总称)家具 4．glance vi.匆匆一看；一瞥；扫视 5．glare v．怒目而视 n．瞪眼；刺眼的强光
6．globe n．地球仪；地球；球体 7．glory n．光荣；荣誉；赞颂 8．graduate v．毕业 n．毕业生，研究生
9．grasp v．抓住；紧握；理解，领会 10．grocer n．零售商人；杂货店 11．guarantee n．保证；保证书；担保 v．保证；担保
12．guidance n．引导，指导 13．handle n．柄，把柄 v．处理；应付；拿，触 14．hardship n．困难
15．headline n．(报刊的)大字标题 16．hobby n．业余爱好，嗜好 17．holy adj.神圣的
18．identity n．同一性；一致；身份 19．idiom n．习语，成语 20．ignore v．忽视，不理 21．illegal adj.不合法的，非法的 22．immigration n．移民 23．incident n．事件；冲突 24．income n．收入；收益；所得
25．independent adj.独立的，自主的；有主见的 26．indicate v．表明，显示；象征；暗示；指示；指出 27．information n．信息 28．insert vt.插入 n．(书报或杂志的)插页 29．inspect vt.检查；视察；检阅
30．instant adj.立即的，立刻的；速食的，即食的 高考链接
1．(2016·天津高考)My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English.2．(2016·天津高考)Our Standard Courseguarantees a significant increase in your confidence in a foreign language，with focused teaching in all 4 skill areas—speaking，listening，reading and writing.3．(2016·北京高考)For previous generations，college was a decisive break from parental control；guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within.4．(2016·天津高考)The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply：alwayshandle the most difficult job first.5．(2016·北京高考)The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性)and the development of adult identity.6．(2016·四川高考)Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content，which helps people to relax.7．(2013·山东高考)But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet.Group 7
1．institute n．(研究)所，院，学院 2．insure vt.确保；给……保险 3．intelligence n．智力；情报 4．interrupt v．打扰，打断 5．journalist n．记者，新闻工作者 6．justice n．正义；公正；司法 7．magic adj.有魔力的 n．魔法；魔力；魅力
8．mature adj.成熟的，成年人的；深思熟虑的，慎重的 9．measure v．测量，衡量，量度为 n．量度尺寸；措施
10．merchant adj.商业的；商人的 n．商人；生意人
11．minister n．部长；牧师 12．mineral n．矿物质，矿物
13．motivation n．动机；动力；积极性 14．nutrition n．营养
15．occupation n．职业，工作；消遣；占用 16．particular adj.特殊的，个别的 17．pedestrian n．步行者，行人 18．permanent adj.永久的，永恒的
19．plain adj.清楚的，明显的；普通的；朴素的；坦诚的 n．平原，旷野
20．policy n．政策，方针 21．precious adj.宝贵的，珍贵的 22．previous adj.先前的，以往的 23．primary adj.首要的；初级的
24．process n．过程，程序；步骤；方法；工艺流程，工序 v．处理，加工
25．professionn．职业，专业 26．profit n．利润，收益，益处 27．pronunciation n．发音 28．punctual adj.准时的
29．purchase v．&n.买，购买，采购
30．random adj.随意的，任意的，未经事先考虑的 高考链接
1．(2016·江苏高考)A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive(认知的)skills，at least when compared with chimps.2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.3．(2016·浙江高考)Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge，it falls to the ground—and，in the process，it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact(相互作用)．
4．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible.5．(2014·辽宁高考)Travis is the manager of G&G where he is responsible for forty employees(雇员)and profits(利润)of over 2 million per year.6．(2013·北京高考)Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice.Still，even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are.They are tired of being famous already.Group 8
1．range n．范围；一系列；射程；山脉 v．变化；变动；排列，排序；徘徊；漫步 2．react v．起反应，有影响；反抗 3．reception n．接待，招待会 4．reform v．&n．改革，改进
5．refresh v．更新；使恢复精力；提醒；使想起 6．register n．登记簿 v．登记
7．relate vi.有关；涉及 8．represent vt.代表 9．reputation n．名声，名誉 10．resist v．抵抗；抵挡 11．standard n．&adj.标准(的)12．strike v．敲，打，撞，击；打动，感动；擦火柴；侵袭 n．罢工
13．studio n．工作室，演播室 14．survive v．幸存，存活，幸免于，比……活得长 15．target n．目标，对象，靶子 v．把……作为攻击目标，把……对准 16．tradition n．传统，风俗，惯例
17．trick n．诡计，骗局，恶作剧；戏法；诀窍 vt.欺骗，欺诈
18．typical adj.典型的，有代表性的 19．understanding n．领会；理解；谅解
20．urge v．敦促，催促，力劝；强烈主张；鼓励；促使 n．强烈欲望；冲动
21．vacant adj.空缺的，未被占用的；空闲的，茫然的 22．vain adj.自负的，自视过高的，徒劳的，无效的 23．value n．价值；重要性 vt.评价；重视；估价
24．violence n．暴力；猛烈，剧烈 25．visual adj.视觉的
26．vital adj.必不可少的，极其重要的；维持生命活动所必需的；充满活力的 27．weigh vt.称……的重量；权衡 28．welfare n．福利
29．withdraw v．撤回，撤离；收回；缩回；使退出；提取 30．witness v．&n．目击者，证人；目击，目睹，亲身经历 高考链接
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)But when you share a story with your friends，you care a lot more how they react.2．(2016·江苏高考)There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help，inform and share are not taught，but naturally possessed in young children.3．(2016·江苏高考)The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty，surrounded by criminals and violence，had written a new chapter in the history of sports.4．(2015·浙江高考)The circle is divided into sections，and each section represents a fraction of the data.5．(2015·浙江高考)In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars，leaving behind a vacant haze(霾)that mirrors our fear of the dark.三、5年高考常考动词短语
1．add up to加起来是……；表示 add to增加；加入，加到 add...to...把……加到……上 add up加起来 add that...补充说……
2．can’t bear doing/to do sth.不能忍受做某事
can’t bear sb./sb.’s doing/to do sth.不能忍受某人做某事 bear a heavy burden肩负重担
bear responsibility/the blame承担责任/受责备 3．break out爆发 break in打断；破门而入 break into闯入；强行闯入 break away from脱离
break down(机器、车辆)出毛病；摧毁；分解 break through突破
break off折断；中断；突然停止 break up解散；破碎
4．bring up培养；抚养；教育；提出；呕吐 bring about引起；产生；导致；带来 bring sth.back归还；使想起某事
bring down带下，运下，搬下；使倒下；使倒台；使降低 bring in引入；赚(钱)5．call on拜访(某人)；号召 call at停靠；(短时间)访问 call for需要；要求；邀请；提倡 call in召集；召来
call up给……打电话；召集；使想起 6．come along跟着来；快点 come out出来；出版 come true实现
come back to life苏醒过来
come to the point说到要点，触及问题实质 come about发生，造成 come across偶遇
come to light为人所知，显露 come up走近；上升；被提出 come on快点；开始 come over过来
come up with提出；想出 7．come into use开始被使用
come into sight/view出现在眼前；映入眼帘 come into power/office就职，上台执政 come into existence开始存在；形成
come into effect/force/operation开始生效/执行/实施 8．cut down削减；砍倒 cut in插嘴；超车；插入 cut up切碎；抨击 cut out删除
cut through刺穿；抄近路走过 cut off切断；中断；使死亡 9．die out灭亡；逐渐消失 die away(声音、光线等)逐渐消失 die of/from因……而死 die down减弱；平息 die off相继死亡
be dying for很想要；渴望 be dying to do sth.极想做某事 10．come to an end结束 put/bring sth.to an end结束……
make(both)ends meet使收支相抵；量入为出 put an end to sth.结束/终结某事 11．fit in相适应
fit in with与……合得来；适应 fit sb.for sth.使某人胜任某事 12．get in touch with同……取得联系 get up起床 get back回来；取回 get on上车 get over克服；度过 get off下车 get together相聚
get on/along well with与……相处融洽 get into进入；陷入 get into trouble陷入麻烦 get in a word插话 get rid of摆脱；除掉
get through通过；接通(电话)；完成；度过，熬过 get to到达
get about/around/round传开，传出去 get across使理解 get away离开
get down to(doing)sth.开始认真做某事 get out离开；出版；泄露 get hold of抓住 13．give up放弃 give in屈服；投降 give out用完；耗尽 give away分发；捐赠；泄露 give off放出，散发出 give back归还；恢复
give way to给……让路；对……让步 14．go ahead继续；干吧 go by(时间)过去；经过(地点)go out(灯、火)熄灭
go on sth.以……为依据；根据……来判断 go on to do sth.接着做另外的事 go over检查；复习
go through通过；经历；仔细检查 go about开始着手；到处走动；传开 go against违背 go back回到；追溯 go for运用于，应用于 go in for参加；爱好 go with与……相配
go without没有……而勉强应付 go up上升，上涨 go down下降，下沉
15．help(sb.)out帮助(某人)摆脱困境；使(某人)脱离困境 help sb.with/to do sth.帮助某人某事/做某事 can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事 can’t help but do只得做；不得不做
help yourself(to sth.)随便自己动手(夹菜吃、用……等)16．hold up举起；阻滞(交通等)；耽搁 hold back阻止；抑制
hold one’s breath憋住气，屏息 hold out坚持；拿出
17．keep on doing sth.继续/反复做某事 keep up坚持
keep up with跟上；与……保持联系 keep back保留；阻止；隐瞒 keep away from远离 keep out of使……不进入 keep one’s word遵守诺言 keep in touch with与……保持联系 keep silent保持沉默
keep/prevent/stop...from doing sth.制止(防止)……做某事 keep off使……远离
18．lead to导致；造成；通向…… lead sb.to do sth.使某人做某事 lead/live a．..life过……的生活 lead...into...把……领进…… lead the way引路；带路
19．live on靠……生活，以……为主食 live through经历 live up to不辜负；履行 live with忍受，容忍 20．look up抬头；查阅 look out小心 look into调查 look forward to盼望 look through仔细看；浏览 look up to尊敬 look down upon瞧不起 look like看起来像 look on...as把……看作 look after照顾 look for寻找
look back回顾；回头看 21．make a dive for向……猛冲 make an apology to向……道歉 be made up of由……组成
make up组成；化妆，打扮；和解；编造 make up for弥补，补偿 make room for给……腾地方 make up one’s mind下决心 make use of利用 make one’s way前进 make progress取得进步 make repairs修理 make a promise许诺 make a living谋生 make the best of充分利用 make out认出；理解 make it成功；及时达到
22．perform the role of扮演……角色 perform a．..role in在……中起……作用 perform an operation进行手术
perform one’s duty/promise尽责任/履行承诺 23．pick out挑出；辨别出
pick up拾起，捡起；收拾；整理；(偶然)学会；用车接某人；收听到；身体好转 pick off摘除
24．prefer A to B 喜欢A而不喜欢B prefer doing A to doing B 宁愿做A而不愿做B prefer(sb.)to do sth.宁愿(某人)做某事 prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A而不愿做B 25．pull away离开；脱身；拉掉 pull down拆毁；摧毁
pull in(车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠 pull out(of sth.)驶出；脱离，退出 pull through康复，痊愈
26．put away放好；把……收起来 put down记下；平息 put out扑灭；出版
put up举起；建造；张贴；投宿 put up with(＝stand/bear)忍受 put on穿上；上演；增加 put off延期，拖延
put through完成；接通(电话)put forward提出建议；拨快(钟等)put aside节省；储蓄；储存 27．rely on依靠，依赖；指望
rely on sb.to do sth.指望/相信某人做某事 rely on(doing)sth.依赖/信任/指望(做)某事 rely on it that...相信……；指望……
28．remind sb.of sth./sb.提醒某人某事/想起某人 remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事 remind(sb.)that/how/what...提醒(某人)…… 29．run out of...用完……；用尽…… run out用完
run across跑着穿过；偶然碰到 run after追逐；追求 run away跑掉；逃避 run into撞上；遇到
30．make sense有意义；有道理；讲得通 make sense of理解；明白 make no sense没道理；没意义
31．set about doing sth.(＝set out to do sth.)开始做某事；着手做某事 set out出发；开始 set up建立；树立；设立 set sb.free释放某人
set fire to/set...on fire放火烧…… set an example to为……树立榜样 set down记下；放下；登记 set forward提出；促进 set off引爆；出发；动身 set aside搁置，把……放在一旁 32．settle down安顿下来；定居 settle down to do sth.开始认真对待做某事 settle in(使)适应(新环境)settle on决定；选定 that’s settled一言为定 33．show...in带或领……进来 show sb.into领某人进入 show sb.out领某人出去
show sb.around/round sp.领某人参观某地 show sb.to the door送某人到门口 show off炫耀；显示 show up出现
34．take up占用(时间、空间)；从事 take...out拿出去 take place发生 take the place of代替
take one’s place就座；代替某人的职位 take it easy别着急 take off脱掉；起飞；成功 take part in参加
take pride in以……而自豪 take away(from)(从)……拿走 take in欺骗；摄取
take on雇用；承担(责任)；呈现(品质、面貌)take over接管
35．turn up出现；开大(音量)；到达 turn against反对；背叛 turn on打开(电灯等)turn off关上(电灯等)turn down开小(音量)turn over翻转 turn in交出；上交 turn to求助于；翻到；转向 turn into变成 turn out结果是；生产 36．动词＋for account for解释，说明
answer for对……负责，担保…… allow for考虑到 ask for要求，请求 enter for报名参加 head for朝……行进 hunt for搜索，寻找 wait for等待，等候 37．动词＋to amount to总计
attend to处理；对付；照料 belong to属于
contribute to有助于，导致 see to照看；注意；负责
correspond to/with与……相符，与……一致 resign oneself to听从……，顺从…… relate to与……有联系，与……有关联 cater to迎合，满足
appeal to对……有吸引力；上诉；恳求 subscribe to订阅；赞成，同意 apply to申请，请求 38．动词＋out drop out退出；脱离；辍学 figure out想清楚，弄明白；计算出 fill out填写(表格等)sell out售完
wear out耗尽；使筋疲力尽；穿破 stand out出色，杰出 leave out省略；遗漏；忽略 39．动词＋with deal with对付，处理；涉及 do with处理 meet with偶遇 cope with应付，处理 40．动词＋on act on根据(建议、信息等)行事 count on依赖，依靠 decide on选定
depend on依赖，依靠，取决于 focus on集中于
insist on坚持要求，坚持认为 rely on指望，信赖 41．动词＋up clear up放晴；清理；整理；澄清；解决 tie up绑好 fasten up固定好 speak up大声说 blow up使充气；爆炸 save up储存；节省 tidy up收拾干净 speed up加速 lock up锁好 42．动词＋through pass through穿过，通过
come through(重病后)康复；(消息或信息)传来 43．动词＋mind change one’s mind改变主意
make up one’s mind下定决心；决定 bear/keep...in mind记住…… call/bring...to mind回忆起…… read one’s mind看出某人的心思 44．动词＋breath hold one’s breath屏住气；屏息 take a deep breath(＝breathe deeply)深呼吸 lose one’s breath喘不过气来
catch one’s breath喘口气；歇口气；恢复正常呼吸 45．动词＋difference make a difference有影响；起(重要)作用
make some/no difference(to...)(对……)有/没作用或影响 tell the difference(between...and...)辨别/区分(……与……)的不同 46．动词＋sb.＋of sth.cure sb.of sth.治好某人的病 accuse sb.of sth.指控某人某事 cheat sb.of sth.骗取某人某物 inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事 convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事 rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人某物 47．动词＋habit form the habit of/fall into the habit of/get into the habit of养成……的习惯 be in the habit of有……的习惯 get out of the habit of改掉……的习惯
四、5年高考常考熟词生义
1．absent adj.茫然的，恍惚的(熟义：adj.缺席的)She looked at the picture in an absent way.2．ache v．渴望(熟义：v.&n．疼痛)Having left for ages，he was aching for home.3．address vt.发表演说(熟义：n.地址；v.写地址)The president will address his speech at 3：00 pm.4．against prep.映衬(熟义：prep.逆着，反对；倚，靠；碰)The picture looks nice against the white wall.5．attend v．看护；治疗；陪同(熟义：v.出席；参加)The nurse attended to him day and night.6．availableadj.(人)有空的(熟义：adj.可得到的；可找到的)The professor is now available.7．blank adj.没表情的；空虚的；没兴趣的(熟义：adj.空白的；n.空白)The stranger returned my greeting with a blank look.8．blue adj.忧伤的(熟义：adj.&n．蓝色)His songs always make me feel blue.9．cloudy adj.不明朗的，不清晰的(熟义：adj.阴的，多云的)Who will take his place still remains cloudy.10．coach v．辅导，指导(熟义：n.教练)She coached me in playing football.11．count vt.有价值，重要(熟义：n.&v．计算，数)It is not how much you read but what you read that counts.12．course n．一道菜(熟义：n.课程；过程)The courses vary with seasons.13．cross adj.生气的(熟义：v.跨越，横穿；n.十字)Don’t be cross with him—after all，he is a child.14．desert v．抛弃，离弃(熟义：n.沙漠)He deserted his wife and children and went abroad.15．develop v．冲印(熟义：v.发展；开发；研制)Did you have the films developed? 16．disabled adj.有障碍的，失去功能的(熟义：adj.有残疾的，无能力的)One more look and he noticed flames shooting out from under the disabled vehicle.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)17．drive v．迫使某人(做不好的事)(熟义：v.驾驶)Hunger drove her to steal.18．divorce v．使分离；使脱离(熟义：v.与某人离婚)You can’t divorce science from ethical questions.19．draw v．获得，取得，推断出(熟义：v.画；拖；拉)What moral are we to draw from the story? 20．express n．快车(熟义：v.表达)Is there an express from Nanjing to Shanghai? 21．encourage v．促进，助长，刺激(熟义：vt.鼓励；激励)Good health encourages clear thinking.22．escape v．被忘掉；被忽视(熟义：v.逃跑；逃脱)The name escapes me for the moment.23．explode v．勃然大怒；大发雷霆(熟义：v.爆炸；爆裂)I’m about to explode！He broke his promise again.24．exploit v．利用(熟义：v.开发；开采；剥削)You must exploit every opportunity to learn English.25．fail v．不足；缺乏(熟义：v.失败)Last year the rain failed and many crops died.26．foreign adj.不熟悉的(熟义：adj.外国的；外交的)The subject is foreign to all of us.27．fresh adj.无经验的(熟义：adj.新鲜的)She is quite fresh to the work.28．gain v．(钟表)快(熟义：v.获得；赢得)Don’tworry.My watch gains.We still have time.29．ground n．理由(熟义：n.地面)He has strong grounds for more money.30．govern vt.影响；支配(熟义：v.管理；控制)The law of supply and demand governs the prices of goods.31．hit n．成功；红极一时的人或事(熟义：v.击中，打击)Tuhao is quite a hit of this year.32．illadj.&adv.坏的/地(熟义：adj.生病的)It’s no good speaking ill of others.33．interest n．利益；股份(熟义：n.兴趣)Our family has interests in the business.34．invite v．吸引(熟义：v.邀请)Don’t leave the window open—it’s inviting thieves to enter.35．inspire v．启发(熟义：v.激励；鼓舞)His best music was inspired by the memory of his mother.36．jump n．&v．大幅度上涨(熟义：v.&n．跳跃)Last week the price of goods jumped.37．kid v．开玩笑；欺骗(熟义：n.小孩)Take it easy.I’m just kidding.38．kill v．消磨(时间)(熟义：v.杀掉；害死)That guy hangs around all day long，killing time.39．losevi.(钟表)慢(熟义：v.失去；丢掉)Please hurry！My watch loses 10 minutes.40．last adj.最不可能的(熟义：adj.最后的)He is the last man I want to see.41．mean adj.自私的，卑鄙的，吝啬的(熟义：v.意思是，意味着)It’s mean of you to eat up all the apples.42．note v．注意，指出，特别提到(熟义：n.笔记)I noted that her hands were dirty.43．openadj.(问题、议事等)未解决的(熟义：v.开；adj.开着的，打开的)They left the matter open.44．operate vi.起作用(熟义：vi.运转；操作；做手术)The medicine operated quickly.45．part v．分手；放弃；卖掉(熟义：n.部分；零件；角色)In order to raise money，he had to part with some of his most treasured possessions.46．pleasant adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的(熟义：adj.令人愉快的)He’s always been very pleasant to me.47．position n．立场；观点(熟义：n.位置；职位)What’s your position on the problem? 48．promise v．有……的希望；使……有可能(熟义：v.&n．许诺)The dark clouds promise rain.49．rate v．对……作出评价；被认为，被评价为(熟义：n.比率；速度)These potatoes rate among the best.50．read v．理解；领会(熟义：v.阅读)I didn’t read mother’s thoughts at that time.51．reflect v．沉思；思考(on/upon)(熟义：v.映出；反射)I need time to reflect on your offer.52．safe adj.谨慎的；小心的(熟义：adj.安全的)He is a safe man.You can count on him.53．say vt.假定；显示；表明(熟义：vt.说)Say that war breaks out，what will you do? 54．shoulder v．承担(熟义：n.肩膀)Young people should learn to shoulder the blame.55．spring v．跳，跃；突然出现(熟义：n.春天；泉水)Fast food restaurants are springing up all over the city.56．strength n．强项，优点，优势(熟义：n.力气)Maths is not my strength.57．walk n．行业(熟义：v.&n．行走；步行)This society welcomes people from all walks of life.58．wear vt.表露，流露，面带(熟义：vt.穿戴)The girl always wears a happy smile.59．weigh v．权衡；斟酌(熟义：v.称……的重量；重达)Please weigh the advantages and disadvantages of doing this！
五、5年高考写作经典句式
1．I am writing to tell you/express...我写信是想告诉你(您)……
I am writing to ask you to do me a favor/pay attention to...我写信是想请您帮助我/关注……
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)I’m writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation.(书信)(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I’m writing to express my regret at being unable to go to the bookstore with you next weekend，which I have promised.(电子邮件)(2013·重庆高考)I’m a student from Chongqing，China.I am writing to askyou to pay attention to the situation of Finless Porpoises.(求助信)2．with的复合结构
(2014·江苏高考)With English words getting popular in both media and daily life，a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them.(议论文)3．what...will be like……是什么样子
(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)I often imagine what my life will be like in the future.(说明文)4．In the picture，we can see...从这幅图中，我们可以看出……
(2015·福建高考)In the picture，we can see a boy in worn clothes，sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it.(图画作文)5．In Picture 1...while Picture 2 shows...在图一中，……然而图二却展示了……
(2013·江苏高考)In Picture 1，a man is trying to put up a banner on a lonely tree surrounded by stumps，but in vain，while Picture 2 shows a couple happily planting trees.(图画作文)6．I think the picture is telling us that...我认为这幅图是在告诉我们……
(2013·北京高考)I think the picture is telling us that there is usually a difference between one’s dream and reality.(图画作文)7．使用现在分词短语作状语
(2016·北京高考)A week before Earth Day，posters were put up around our school，calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.(图画作文)8．使用不定式作状语
(2013·江西高考)In order to encourage the students to take outdoor exercise，our school organized a mountain-climbing on April 10.(记叙文)9．使用动名词作主语
(2016·江苏高考)On-line voting becomes increasingly popular，and many competitions get people involved in it.(议论文)10．借助“There is a famous saying that...”引用名言
(2013·四川高考)There is a famous saying that“Good habits lead to good endings.”，which shows the importance of habits.(说明文)11．主语＋feel＋it a great honor to do sth.对……来说，做……是一件荣耀的事情
(2013·天津高考)I am very glad and feel it a great honor to run for the vice president of the English club.(演讲稿)12．How is everything going on?近来一切进展如何？
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)How is everything going on with you？(电子邮件)13．How I wish I．..我多么希望……(2013·山东高考)How I wish I would read and reply to your e-mail as soon as I received it.(电子邮件)14．It is universally acknowledged that...众所周知……
(2013·辽宁高考)It is universally acknowledged that the Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th of the eighth month of our Chinese lunar calendar.(说明文)15．I would really like to...because...我想……因为……
(2015·安徽高考)I would really like to interview him because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.(想象性作文)16．主语would like to invite sb.to...……想邀请某人去……
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)I’d like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.(邀请信)17．There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
(2013·四川高考)There is no doubt that a healthy everyday habit helps to build up our body.(说明文)
1．be about to...when...即将做……就在这时……
(2014·福建高考)I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.(议论文)2．使用限制性定语从句
(2014·江西高考)In addition，you should respect all the teachers who unselfishly help you to gain much knowledge.(发言稿)3．使用虚拟语气
(2015·安徽高考)If I could interview him，I would ask him what made him an astronaut and how he was trained.(想象性作文)4．Memories rushed to my mind when...当……时候，众多记忆蜂拥而至。
(2014·山东高考)Memories rushed to my mind when I saw this topic.(议论文)5．It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that...它展示了当今一个普遍现象：……
(2013·福建高考)It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families，shouldering the hope of their parents.(图画作文)6．The message conveyed here is clear：...这儿所传达出的信息十分清晰：……
(2013·江苏高考)The message conveyed here is clear：“Actions speak louder than words.”(图画作文)7．It is more meaningful to do...做……更有意义
(2013·江苏高考)Instead of shouting empty slogans，it is more meaningful to donate books and sports goods to children in need.(图画作文)8．It occurred to sb.that...某人突然想到……
(2013·陕西高考)It occurred to me that I should give the rooms a thorough cleaning.(记叙文)9．使用副词作评注性状语，如amazingly(令人惊讶地)，obviously(明显地)，importantly(重要地)，happily(高兴地)，surprisingly(令人吃惊地)等。
(2015·广东高考)Amazingly，she earned respect from her students，all of whom later grew to be confident，considerate and well-behaved.(议论文)(2013·四川高考)Obviously，a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.(说明文)(2013·天津高考)More importantly，I am a person full of passion for a variety of things.(演讲稿)10．使用as引导的定语从句
(2016·天津高考)As scheduled，we participated in several instructive activities.(发言稿)(2013·四川高考)As we can see，cultivating a good habit is so important that I would like to introduce one kind of good learning habit—keeping a learning diary every day.(说明文)11．I think I can be qualified for...for the following reasons.由于以下原因，我认为我能胜任……
(2013·天津高考)I think I can be qualified for the president for the following reasons.(演讲稿)12．使用非限制性定语从句
(2016·江苏高考)It makes no difference from ordinary voting events，in which candidates go around to seek supports.(议论文)(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)We’ll also spend some fun time together singing，dancing and playing games，which we hope will make them happy.(电子邮件)13．If you were me，you would...如果你是我，你会……
(2013·山东高考)I believe that if you were me，you wouldmake the same choice.(电子邮件)14．be interested in the announcement/advertisement/position of...posted/advertised on...对于登载在……上的通告/广告/职位感兴趣
(2012·新课标全国卷)I am interested in the announcement of the summer camp posted on the Internet.(申请信)15．If the situation remains the same，...如果形势依旧如此……
(2013·重庆高考)If the situation remains the same，within 10 years，Yangtze Finless Porpoises will become extinct forever.(求助信)16．keep quiet about...对……保持沉默
(2012·大纲全国卷Ⅱ)We want to give him a surprise，so please keep quiet about it.(邀请信)
1．使用what引导的主语从句
(2015·湖南高考)What impressed me most was that I failed in an English exam，feeling extremely upset and disappointed.(说明文)2．wish从句中使用虚拟语气
(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Besides，I wish there would not be too many students in a class.(应用文)3．so...that...如此……以至于……
(2016·北京高考)We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.(图画作文)(2014·山东高考)At the beginning，learning English seemed so difficult that I wanted to give up without even trying.(议论文)4．while连接两个并列句
(2013·福建高考)The son，well dressed，waves proudly in the middle while the father behind bends forward to hold the jacket and the mother in front rolls out the carpet，sweating.(图画作文)5．使用选择疑问句
(2013·江苏高考)Should we just pay lip service or take practical measures to protect the earth？The answer is definitely the latter.(图画作文)6．It is not so easy for sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事不容易
(2013·北京高考)Everyone has his dream.However，it is not so easy for people to realizetheir dreams every time.(图画作文)7．使用过去分词短语作后置定语
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.(书信)(2013·陕西高考)Firstly I collected all the books，newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place.(记叙文)8．find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
(2013·北京高考)Just the next morning，I found my mother not feeling well.(记叙文)9．时间名词作连词
(2013·北京高考)The moment my father came back home，my mother told him what had happened.(记叙文)10．使用现在分词短语作状语
(2015·北京高考)Looking at the figurines，we were all very excited.(记叙文)(2013·江西高考)All the way we were chatting，singing and laughing，enjoying the fresh air and the beautiful scenery.(记叙文)11．使用独立主格结构
(2013·江西高考)Some falling behind，others would come and offer help.(记叙文)12．It was＋时间段＋before...多长时间后……
(2013·江西高考)It was about 2 hours before we all reached the top.(记叙文)13．not...until...直到……才……
(2013·安徽高考)If I ride a bike，I’ll always keep to the right and never cross a road until the traffic light turns green.(说明文)14．主语＋regard it as one’s duty to do sth.把做某事当作某人的义务
(2013·安徽高考)Meanwhile，I will regard it as my duty to help keep our environment clean and healthy.(说明文)15．使用最高级
(2016·四川高考)Summer vacation is the longest of the year...I think summer is certainly more fun than the other three seasons.I like summer best.(说明文)16．使用方式状语by doing sth.(2013·四川高考)We can start the habit by writing learning summary and recording something impressive and meaningful.(说明文)17．祈使句＋and＋陈述句
(2013·四川高考)Keep it in mind and gradually we can gain this good learning habit and benefit from it.(说明文)(2013·北京高考)Another try，and they may gain what they dream of.(图画作文)18．no matter＋疑问词
(2015·福建高考)The moral of the story is：spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily no matter how difficult the situation may be.(图画作文)(2013·辽宁高考)Usually，no matter how far away or how busy we are，we will try to come home for the celebration.(说明文)19．用such as列举事例
(2013·辽宁高考)In addition to these traditional activities，we have a wider range of choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.(说明文)20．使用同位语解释说明前面的名词
(2016·北京高考)As for my favorite figure in Chinese history it must be Wei Yuan，a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.(说明文)21．be＋形容词＋enough to do sth.足够……能做某事
(2013·天津高考)If I am lucky enough to be elected，I will make every effort to serve for the benefits of students and our club.(演讲稿)22．使用插入语I am sure，I think等
(2013·天津高考)I will organize various activities in our university，such as holding lectures and English parties，which，I am sure，will be beneficial to improving students’ English.(演讲稿)23．使用so that引导的结果状语从句
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)We can set out early so that we will have more time to read and select books.(电子邮件)24．It is likely that...有可能……
(2013·山东高考)It is likely that I will work as a volunteer for the school as a teaching assistant.(电子邮件)25．not...but...不是……而是……
(2016·江苏高考)To be honest，voters sometimes feel annoyed，not because they hate voting，but because they are divided between emotion and fairness.(议论文)(2016·江苏高考)Voting of this kind does not depend on the strong points of the competitors，but rather on how many social-networking resources they have.(议论文)26．多种时态的综合运用
(2012·新课标全国卷)I’ve been learning English for 10 years，and I speak fluent English.(申请信)27．on one’s doing...一……就……
(2012·大纲全国卷Ⅱ)On his arriving，we will light the candles and sing “Happy Birthday” together for him.(邀请信)28．as soon as possible尽可能快地
(2013·重庆高考)Besides，sewage emissions should be reduced as soon as possible.(求助信)29．It is another effective way to do sth.做……是另外一种有效方式。
(2013·重庆高考)What’s more，it is another effective way to appeal to the news media along the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River for a joint interview to publicize the importance of porpoise conservation.(求助信)30．Would you please do...您能否做……
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Would you please write something about the culture in your part of the United States？(约稿信)(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Would you please meet my uncle at the airport and take him to his hotel since this is his first visit to the U．S.？(求助信)
1．so long as只要
(2014·山东高考)So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up，we are bound to achieve success.(议论文)2．not only...but also...的倒装句
(2015·广东高考)As for its functions，not onlycan the technique be used to predict major diseases，but it also enables people to foresee the examinees’ food preference.(说明文)(2014·广东高考)As far as I am concerned，not only will her generosity help those in need realize their dreams and rebuild faith in life，but also it will motivate more people to participate in such a good deed.(议论文)3．in a word总之
(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)In a word，my life will be much richer and more colorful.(说明文)(2014·山东高考)In a word，not only does the proverb enable me to face up to the difficulties bravely，but also it contributes much to keeping confident all the time.(议论文)4．encourage/inspire sb.to do sth.instead of doing sth.鼓励/激励某人做……而不是做……
(2013·福建高考)Parents should encourage their children to overcome difficulties and inspire them to develop by themselves instead of doing everything for them.(图画作文)5．only in this way引起的倒装句
(2013·福建高考)Only in this way can they grow up to be independent and become truly successful.(图画作文)6．“only＋状语从句”引起的倒装句
(2013·江苏高考)Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.(图画作文)7．as far as...is concerned就……而言
(2013·北京高考)As far as I am concerned，people need to learn to accept the reality and keep on
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