第一篇:2011年06月英语六级考前必背
2008年12月英语四六级考试考前必背十类范文
一、求学信/求职信
Dear Sir or Madam,I am a senior from the Department of Business Administration.I am writing the letter in purpose of applying for admission[入场(入学)许可] into your esteemed[受人尊重的] institution[教育机构]/your recently advertised position for a staff member.I am sure that I am qualified for it.First, enclosed with[把什么装入信封] this letter is my resume, which further details my previous[以前的] academic qualifications [考试合格证明书]and work experience.Second, not only do my qualifications and experience make me a perfect candidate[候选人] for it, my cheerful personality is well suited to studying in your prestigious[有声望的] university/working as a staff member.Last, my hobbies include sports and music.Words fail me when I try to express my heartfelt gratitude[感激] to the help you render[给予] me.Your prompt[即时的] and favorable[赞许的,顺利地] attention to my inquiry[询问] would be highly appreciated.Yours sincerely,Li Ming
二、开幕词
Ladies and gentlemen,Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Beijing!To begin with, I would like to make a brief introduction to myself.I am the president of Motorola(China)Electronics Ltd.The following is my introduction to the conference.First, it is my great honor to be here with all of you and declare open the Conference of International Trade Cooperation.Second, on behalf of our company, I would like to express my heartfelt[衷心的,诚挚的] welcome to all the guests and delegates.[代表] Last, I believe our cooperative[Adj 乐于协作的] efforts are sure to be productive.[有成效的,多产的]
I wish all of you enjoy yourselves during this conference and hope the above information will help you.If you have any question for me, please feel free to ask at any time.Thank you for your attention.三、个人简历
RESUME
Li Ming
P.O.Box 237, Beijing University
5, Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871
Tel: 62768888 Email: Liming@163.com
Career Objective: A position with management potential[潜在的,有可能的] in the banking business specializing in international corporate financing
Educational Background:
Sept 2003 to Beijing University
July 2007 Major in International Business Management
Main courses include English, Computer, Business
Management, Accounting, International Commercial Law
Work Experience: July 2006 to Bank of China June 2007 Internship, Secretary to Deputy Manager of Marketing Draft business correspondence Schedule deputy manager’s appointments
Qualifications: University graduation certificate and bachelor degree to be conferred upon graduation(2007)
College English Test Band 4 June 2005
Honors & Awards: Twice awarded scholarship by Beijing University
2005& 2006
Special Skills: Familiarity with Microsoft Word, Excel
Ability to work independently
Outstanding Organizational skills
Experience: President of Student Union 2003-present
Personal Data: Date of Birth: 9/17/1984
Gender: Female
Marital Status: Unmarried
四、通知
Directions:
The Students’ Union of your department is planning a Chinese Speaking Contest.Write an announcement which covers the following information:
1)the purpose of the contest,2)time and place of the contest,3)what is required of the candidates,4)details of the judges and awards.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use Department of Chinese Language and Literature at the end of the announcement.Chinese Speaking Contest
February 3, 2007
To improve students’ ability to speak Chinese and enrich after-class activities, the Students’ Union of Department of Chinese Language and Literature is organizing a school-wide Chinese speaking contest to be held on Saturday next week(10 February)at the Students’ Auditorium.Those who are interested in taking part in it may sign up with the monitor of their classes before Tuesday next week.Five professors will be invited to be judges.The first six winners will be given awards.Everybody is welcome to be present at the contest.The Students’ Union
Department of Chinese Language and Literature
五、邀请信
Directions: You want to invite some friends to a party.Write an invitation letter to them individually:
1)Invite them to the party,2)Elaborate on the reason why such a party should be held,3)What activities will be arranged for them.Dear Snoopy,I am greatly honored to formally invite you to participate in Mr.Guo Jing’s wedding ceremony with Ms.Huang Rong to be held at Beijing Grand Hotel from 8 to 10 p.m.on April 1, 2007.As you are a close friend of us, we would very much like you to attend the celebration and share our joy.The occasion will start at seven o’clock in the evening, with the showing of their wedding ceremony.This will be followed by a dinner party.At around ten, we will hold a small musical soiree, at which a band will perform some works by Bach and Strauss.If you do not have any prior appointment on April 1, we look forward to the pleasure of your company.Yours sincerely,Li Ming
六、考试
Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My Views on Examinations.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:
1、大学都用考试来衡量学生的成绩
2、考生可能带来的副作用
3、我对考试的看法
In most colleges and universities the examination is used as a chief[形容词,最重要的] means of deciding whether a student succeeds or fails in mastering a particular[特别的,特定的] subject.Although it does the job quite efficiently, its side effects are also enormous[形容词,巨大的].To begin with, examinations lower the standards of teaching.Since teachers are often judged by examination results, they are reduced to[把某事简化为] training their students in exam techniques.No subjects can be taught successfully merely through being approached[开始考虑某事] with intent to take examinations.In addition[连接两个并列关系的过渡词], the most undesirable[令人不快的,可能有不良效果的] effect is that examinations encourage bad study habits.As the examination score is the only criterion [评价标准]for his academic performance, a student is driven to memorize mechanically[机械的] rather than to think creatively.In fact, few of us admit that examinations can contribute anything really important to the students’ academic development.If that is the case, why cannot we make a change and devise[策划,设计,发明] something more efficient and reliable[可靠的] than examinations?
七、最难忘的人
Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The most unforgettable Person I ever Know.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:
1、我生活中最难忘的人是······
2、为什么他(或她)令我难以忘怀
3、结论
In my life I have met many people who are really worth recalling.But perhaps the most unforgettable person I ever know is my English teacher.What frequently brings back memories of my school teacher is his special qualities.First of all, he gave us the greatest gift a teacher can offer—an awakening of a passion for learning.He not only led us to an appreciation of the beauty and perfection of English language and literature, but also aroused our great interest in exporting something deeper in this field.Second, I was attracted by his lively wit.I remember that we students always anticipated[期望的] his class with great eagerness because his lecture were humorously delivered[表达], never failing to provoke [激起]chuckles [轻声地笑]or loud laughs.Although it is nearly two years since I attended his last class, he is the talk of our old classmates, and I know part of him has already stayed in my heart.八、图表作文
Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Statistics in People’s Daily Expenses in Xi’an.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:
1、Describe the changes indicated in the table.2、The reasons for the change.3、Make predictions about the future tendency.What is shown in the table above indicates[表明] that dramatic[戏剧性的,激动人心的] changes have taken place in the daily expenses in Xi’an from 1995 to 1999.The expenses on food have declined [下降]by 30% while those on clothing and recreation[娱乐] have increased respectively[各自地,个别地] by 9% and 7%.There are two factors accounting for[解释,占(。。比例)] these changes.In the first place, the risen income resulting from economic growth plays a vital role in the less expense on food.In the second place, when food presents no worry to the average, people begin to focus more of their interest on handsome appearance and happy leisure time.As a result of such a shift, spending on clothing and recreation increases year by year.From the analyses made above, with the further growth in economy and more changes in life style, the tendency indicated in the table will continue in the better direction.九、压力
Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Is Stress a Bad Thing? You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:
1、有人害怕压力
2、有人认为压力并不是坏事
3、我的看法
In the past few years, quite a number of men and women have chosen to do something less competitive.They are afraid that the stress and strains of work will rob them of joy and happiness and do them harm both physically and mentally.In fact, however, stress isn’t the bad thing it is often supposed to be.Above all, unless it gets out of control, a certain amount of stress is vital[必不可少的,极其重要的] to provide motivation and challenge, and to give purpose and significance[重要性,意义] to an otherwise[副词,要不然,否则] meaningless[形容词,无意义的,无目的的], idle[懒惰的] life.Furthermore, people under stress tend to express their full range of potential [可作名词,潜力,潜能]and to actualize[成为现实] their own personal worth—the very aim of a human life.Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it.What we can do is to develop our adaptive abilities to deal with it rather than to escape from it.十、就业
Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Jobs for Graduates.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:
1、大学生难找工作
2、原因很多
3、解决的办法
Job hunting has always been a headache for college students.Though many graduates are employed right after graduation, some are not.Most serious of all, some still have no idea where to go working even a long time after graduation.The reasons for this phenomenon are various.On the one hand, a few years ago colleges and universities enrolled so many students in popular majors, such as economy, finance and so on that the number of graduates was greater than the need in the market.On the other hand, most graduates would rather stay in large cities without suitable job to do than go to the country.I reckon this problem can be solved if both colleges and students take measures.First, they should research the market and develop special skills to suit its need.Second, students’ attitude towards employment should be changed.They should go to small cities and country.There they can also give full play to their professional knowledge.In a word, if we pay much attention, the situation can be improved.
第二篇:政治考前必背2013
一、关于消费
(一)影响消费的因素?
生产;收入;物价;消费观
(二)扩大内需,刺激消费的意义何在?
①消费对生产起着重要的反作用,消费拉动经济增长、促进生产发展,生产出来的产品被消费了,这种产品的生产过程才算最终完成。消费是物质生产总过程的最终目的和动力;消费所形成的新的需要,对生产的调整和升级起着导向作用;一个新的消费热点的出现,往往能带动一个产业的出现和成长;消费为生产创造出新的劳动力,能提高劳动力的质量,提高劳动者的生产积极性。②贯彻科学发展观,加快转变经济发展方式,推动产业结构优化升级。促进经济增长由主要依靠投资、出口拉动向依靠消费、投资、出口协调拉动转变,实现国民经济又好又快发展的要求。
(三)怎样刺激消费、扩大内需?
①落实以人为本的科学发展观要求,实现国民经济又好又快发展的要求。②发展经济,扩大就业,千方百计增加居民收入。
③发挥财政的积极作用,建立、健全社会保障制度。
④努力实现社会公平,统筹城乡经济发展。
⑤加强政府的宏观调控,稳定物价,整顿和规范市场经济秩序。
⑥树立正确的消费观。
(四)运用经济生活,应如何拒绝舌尖上的浪费?
①国家:引导全社会树立正确的消费观;加强宏观调控,综合运用经济、法律、行政等宏观调控手段控制浪费现象,将杜绝浪费纳入法制轨道。
②企业:制定正确的经营战略,提高服务水平和质量;树立正确的金钱观,树立良好的信誉、形象,承担社会责任。
③消费者:树立正确的金钱观,树立科学、合理的消费观,理性消费,勤俭节约,艰苦奋斗。
(五)为什么要参与“光盘行动”?
勤俭节约,艰苦奋斗是社会主义荣辱观的体现;从历史角度看,勤俭节约,艰苦奋斗是中华民族的传统美德和优良作风;从现实国情看,我国正处在社会主义初级阶段,是发展中的人口大国更要戒奢从俭;从民族的存在和发展看,一个没有艰苦奋斗的民族,难以自立自强;从个人成长看,艰苦奋斗有助于我们战胜困难,成就事业。
(六)运用《政治生活》,政府在拒绝舌尖上的浪费应如何作为?
①政府必须坚持为人民服务的宗旨、对人民负责的工作原则;
②政府必须认真履行市场监管、社会管理等经济职能;履行文化建设职能(其它职能视材料写);
③树立政府权威:依法行政、审慎用权、高效廉洁、科学决策、自觉接受人民监督。(视材料写其中的内容)
(七)青少年学生应积极投入“光盘行动”中。请提出两条具体建议,并分别说明其哲学道理。
①适量点餐:量变是质变的前提和必要准备,坚持适度原则。(或:点滴节约,量的积累)
②剩菜打包:坚持正确意识的指导(或:坚持正确价值观的指引)
二、关于诚信
(一)诚信经营必要性和重要性
(1)对国家:有利于建立良好的市场秩序,有利于合理配置资源,使市场经济健康发展。诚实守信是现代市场经济正常运行必不可少的条件。社会信用缺失会直接导致市场秩序混乱、交易萎缩、坑蒙拐骗盛行,进而导致投资不足、经济衰退。
(2)对企业:诚信经营,是企业良好的信誉和形象所在。是企业的无形资产,关系到企业成败。促使企业生产高质量的产品和提供优质的服务。
(3)对消费者:有利于维护消费者的合法权益。
(二)如何加强诚信建设?
(1)国家:①形成以道德为支撑、法律为保障的社会信用制度,是规范市场秩序的治本之策。
②建立比较完善的市场规则。以法律法规、行业规范、市场道德规范等形式,对市场运行的方方面面作出的具体规定;遵循诚实信用原则。③综合运用经济、法律、行政等宏观调控手段.(2)企业:要遵守法律,要有道德,要增强社会责任感,自觉树立诚信观念。
(3)消费者:要学法、懂法、守法,要有维权意识和维权行动。
总之,每个经济活动参与者都必须学法、懂法、守法,既保证自己的经济活动符合法律的规范,又能够运用法律维护自己的权益。
三、关于“自主创新”
(一)意义
国家角度:第一,这是落实以人为本的科学发展观要求,实现国民经济又好又快发展的要求。
第二,是提高自主创新能力,建设创新型国家的需要,增加国家的竞争力。建设创新型国家是国家发展战略的核心,是提高综合国力的关键。
第三,是加快转变经济发展方式、推动产业结构优化升级的需要。有利于走中国特色新型工业化道路,实现主要由依靠增加物质资源消耗向主要依靠科技进步、劳动者素质提高、管理创新转变。企业:有利于企业采用新技术、改善经营管理,以提高劳动生产率;有利于增强企业研发自主品牌的能力。总之,有利于提高企业的经济效益,提高增强市场竞争力。
个人 :有利于提高劳动者素质,增强就业能力。
(二)怎么做
国家角度:第一,贯彻以人为本的科学发展观要求,实现国民经济又好又快发展的要求。
第二,建设创新型国家的需要,增加国家的竞争力。
第三,是加快转变经济发展方式、推动产业结构优化升级的需要。走中国特色新型工业化道路,实现主要由依靠增加物质资源消耗向主要依靠科技进步、劳动者素质提高、管理创新转变。
企业:科技创新、管理创新,以提高劳动生产率;研发自主品牌,增强市场竞争力。
个人 :劳动者要努力学习,提高技能和素质,要有创新意识和创新实践。
四、关于“生态文明”(低碳经济)
(一)为什么?
(二)怎么做?(同上,换个行为动词)
第一,这是落实的科学发展观要求,有利于实现全面协调可持续发展,做到统筹兼顾,实现国民经济又好又快发展的要求。
第二,有利于加快转变经济发展方式,推动产业结构优化升级。有利于走中国特色新型工业化道路,有利于实现由主要依靠增加物质资源消耗向主要依靠科技进步、劳动者素质提高、管理创新转变。
第三,有利于加强能源资源节约和生态环境保护,增强可持续发展能力。第四,有利于提高自主创新能力,建设创新型国家。
第五,有利于人们树立正确消费观,确立绿色消费的理念,勤俭节约,保护消费者健康。
(二)经济生活角度谈怎么做?
(1)政府应如何作为?
①贯彻落实科学发展观,建设生态文明,促进国民经济又好又快发展;(根据材料,写上第一要义,或者核心、基本要求、根本方法)②提高自主创新能力,建设创新型国家(或者省份、城市);
③转变经济发展方式,推动产业结构优化升级;
④加强能源资源节约和生态环境保护,增强可持续发展能力;
⑤加强宏观调控,综合运用经济、法律和行政手段。
(2)企业应如何担当?
①贯彻落实科学发展观;发展循环经济。
②提高自主创新能力,通过科技和管理的创新降低排放。
③转变经济发展方式,调整产品结构。
(3)消费者应如何担当?
消费者要树立正确的消费观,做理智的消费者,坚持低碳生活,保护环境,绿色消费,勤俭节约、艰苦奋斗。
(三)从《政治生活》角度,分析政府应如何作为?
①政府必须坚持为人民服务的宗旨、对人民负责的工作原则;
②政府必须认真履行提供社会公共服务的职能,(其它职能视材料写);③树立政府权威:依法行政、审慎用权、高效廉洁、科学决策、自觉接受人民监督。(视材料写其中的内容)
五、影响公司经营与发展的主要因素
(1)要制定正确的经营战略。
(2)要提高自主创新能力,依靠科技进步、科学管理等手段,形成自己的竞争优势。(价格、产品质量、服务水平、品牌效应)
(3)要诚信经营,树立良好的信誉和企业形象(产品和服务)。信誉和形象是企业的无形资产,公司是否诚信经营,关系到企业成败。
(4)除此以外,建立健全现代企业制度、进行兼并和强强联合、提高经营者素质、优化组织结构、转变经济发展方式、自主创新自主品牌等也是影响公司经营成败的重要因素。
六、如何提高开放型经济水平
(1)提高开放型经济水平的要求:在新世纪新阶段,我们必须拓展对外开放的广度和深度,提高开放型经济水平。要把“引进来”与“走出去”更好的结合起来,扩大开放领域,优化开放结构,提高开放质量,完善内外联运、互利共赢、安全高效的开放型经济体系,形成经济全球化条件下参与国际经济合作和竞争的新优势。
在新形势下,我们要创新利用外资方式,优化利用外资结构,发挥利用外资在推动自主创新、产业升级、区域协调发展等方面的积极作用。
从“引进来”到“走出去”,意味着我国对外开放发展到了一个新层次。
(2)我国实行对外开放,发展对外经济关系,必须坚持独立自主,自力更生的原则。中国是人口众多的发展中的社会主义大国,任何时候都不能依靠别人搞建设,必须把独立自主、自力更生作为自己发展的根本基点。独立自主、自力更生不是闭关自守,不是盲目排外。而是在立足于自身发展的基础上实行对外开放。例:高科技电子设备产品附加值“微笑曲线”图
• 材料
一、美国一份题为《抓住苹果全球网络中的价值》的研究报告揭示了苹果公司产品全球供应链的价值分布:把技术含量高、附加值高的iPhone零部件生产分解到韩国及欧洲六个国家的九家企业,然后出口到中国进行组装,再由中国出口到美国进入苹果公司销售网络。在整个产业链中,苹果作为iPhone的创造者,拿到了利润的58.5%,而完成组装的中国工人只分得iPhone总价值的1.8%,这反映出高科技电子设备中创造者和制造者的差距。
• 材料
二、回顾过去十年的风雨历程,伴随着经济全球化的进程,我国经济在快速发展的同时,也面临着一系列挑战:如美国屡以中国长期保持对美国的巨额贸易顺差(出口>进口)为由,施加压力要求人民币升值以解决中国贸易失衡问题;高新技术产品出口比重虽在上升,但技术含量及产品附加值低,自主知识产权品牌少;缺乏核心技术和美元贬值使我国的经济安全受到威胁。
(1)分析图和材料一,概括出其中所蕴含的经济信息。(4分)
(2)结合图和材料一,从公司经营的角度,为我国企业参与国际分工出谋献策。(6分)
36、(1)①经济全球化促进了生产领域的国际分工。
• ②研发和售后在产业链的高端;我国企业自主创新能力不强,处于全球产业链的低端。
• ③经济全球化实质上是以发达资本主义国家为主导的。
•(其他解答若针对性强,言之成理,可酌情给分)
•(2)①加大科技研发投入,要有自主品牌、促进自主创新,形成自己的竞争优势。
• ②加快产品升级和转型。
• ③不断改进营销方式,成功的经营策略有利于企业达到盈利目的。
•(学生如答到“提高产品的质量”,“诚实守信经营”,“产品结构调整”等观点,言之成理,可酌情给分。)
七、关于物价
(一)物价上涨或下跌的原因可能有哪些?
(1)价值决定(成本上升),社会劳动生产率的提高;
(2)供求关系的变化;
此外,国家的宏观调控。
(二)价值规律的内容与表现形式
对等价交换的理解(只存在于平均数之中)
(三)物价上涨带来的影响
对生活(一般情况下的影响;对必须品的影响;对互补品的影响)
对生产
(四)控制物价的意义
控制物价上涨:有利于提高消费水平
(1)价格变动对人们生活的影响
①一般来说,一种商品价格上升时,人们会减少对它的购买;反之亦然。②价格变动对生活必需品需求量的影响小,对高档耐用品需求量影响大。
③一种商品价格变动还会影响相关的其他商品的价格和需求量。在可相互替代的两种商品中,一种商品价格上涨,消费者将减少对该商品的需求量,将增加对其替代品的需求量;反之亦然。在有互补关系的商品中,一种商品价格上涨,需求量会下降,导致对另一种商品需求量减少;反之亦然。
(2)价格变动对生产经营的影响
①调节生产规模。一种商品价格下降,生产者会减少产量;价格上涨,生产者会增加产量。
②提高劳动生产率。企业提高了劳动生产率,才能缩短个别劳动时间,提供降价空间,使其在价格竞争乃至生存竞争中更具优势。
③生产适销对路的高质量的产品。生产者提供质量好的适销对路的产品,就能获取较大的市场份额,获取更多的利润。
第三篇:英语六级写作十大必背
英语六级写作十大必背范文(1)1.图画作文:传统文化/外来文化/文化交流
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief account of An American girl in traditional Chinese costume and then explain the importance of cultural exchanges.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.The picture vividly depicts a lovely American girl in traditional Chinese costume with a sweet smile on her face.She wears ribbons, necklaces and other accessories that are characteristic of the clothes of a certain Chinese minority group.The fact that people from different countries are attracted to mysterious Chinese culture indicates that to some extent a culture can be accepted, respected, appreciated and shared internationally.In other words, a nation’s unique/distinctive culture can become international through worldwide economic and cultural exchanges.Since the trend of globalization becomes irresistible, the increasing cultural exchanges can effectively improve mutual understanding and friendship.It is my view that national culture as priceless spiritual treasure should be preserved and cherished.Meanwhile, there are good reasons to advocate international culture for those ideas from the other cultures, controversial or even absurd at first sight, can provide a different perspective for us to observe the world in the long run.Nevertheless, when we are confronted with a different culture, we should be sensible enough to absorb its essence and to resist its dark side.这幅图画生动描述了一位可爱的美国小女孩身穿传统的中国服装,面带甜蜜的微笑。她戴着具有某个中国少数民族服饰特征的发带、项链和其他装饰品。
神秘的中国文化吸引了各国人民这一事实,显示了在某种程度上,一种文化可以被国际性地接受、尊重、欣赏和分享。换而言之,一个民族独特的文化可以通过全球性的经济和文化交流走向世界。由于全球化潮流不可阻挡,所以文化交流可以有效增进相互间的理解和友谊。
在我看来,我们应该保存和珍惜作为无价精神财富的民族文化。同时,我们很有必要推广世界文化,因为来自其他文化的观点,即使乍看起来相互矛盾或荒谬,但从长远看来,可以为我们观察这个世界提供一种不同的视角。
2.图画作文:环境保护
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief account of environmental pollution in some scenic spots and then explain the importance of environmental protection.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.As is subtly portrayed in the cartoon, two tourists are taking sightseeing on a small boat while discarding their picnic leftovers casually into a lake.And below the drawing, there is a topic which says: “after” the travel or “me” in the travel.From the portrayal, we can conclude that the painter wants to convey such a message: a good many scenic spots are flooded with visitors, who spoil the beauty of nature by creating and leaving behind God-knows-how-much trash.On the one hand, tourism, as a multibillion-dollar business, is booming everywhere.On the other hand, tourism has exerted great pressure on the environment we are living in: water is polluted, the ecological system is disturbed, and natural resources have been excessively used.Undoubtedly, tourism could not be banned in any country as it does help to shore up the economy in places which offer few sources of income.The significant point is that the unchecked growth of the travel business may render the development of an economy unsustainable.如图所示,两名游客正在一艘小船上观光,同时把野餐的剩余垃圾随意丢入湖中。在图画下方,有个小标题写明:“旅程之‘余’”。
从漫画中,我们可以得出结论,画家想要表达下述信息:成群的游客涌入很多景点,制造并丢弃了大量的垃圾,影响了大自然的美观。一方面,旅游业作为一项数十亿美元的产业,正在世界各地迅猛发展。另一方面,旅游业已经对我们生存的环境造成了巨大的压力:水受到污染,生态平衡遭到破坏,自然资源被过度开发。
毫无疑问,由于在其他收入很少的地区,旅游业确实有助于发展经济,因此任何国家都无法禁止旅游业。但重要的是旅游业毫无节制的发展可能使得经济发展不可持续。
3.提纲作文:网上购物
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Online Shopping.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚
2.网上购物有很多好处,但也有不少问题
3.我的建议
Nowadays, can we find a person who has not heard of online shopping? It may be a little difficult.Online shopping is coming into fashion in most cities due to the rapid development of Internet technology.Online shopping is welcomed by the majority of people owing to its obvious advantages: it’s convenient and people can do it 24 hours.You can shop whenever you want——if you want to buy a mobile phone at 2 a.m., you can.Unfortunately, shopping online has its own disadvantages too: you can’t touch the item, let alone try it on.The material of the dress that you see on the screen may be flimsier than what you had expected, and it will probably look much better on the model than it does on you.Personally, I find buying online to be an excellent way to shop for certain items.Nevertheless, for other items, such as clothes, I reckon it is better to shop at a regular store.In a regular store, you can see the real color, feel the material, and try it on.现在,我们能够找到从未听说过网上购物的人吗?恐怕有点困难。由于互联网技术的飞速发展,网购在大多数城市都已成为时尚。
由于网购具有的明显优势,即其方便性以及随时性,大多数人都喜欢网购。只要喜欢,你可以随时购物——如果你想半夜两点买部手机,没问题。然而,网购也有其缺点:你无法接触商品,更别说试穿了。你在屏幕上看到的衣服材料可能比你预期的要更薄,而且很可能穿在模特身上比你更好看。
个人而言,我认为网购对于购买某些商品是一种很好的方式。然而,对于诸如服装等其他商品,我认为最好在传统商店购买。在传统商店,你可以看到真正的颜色,感觉面料,并且试穿。
4.图表作文:教育
Directions: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following diagram.Describe the diagram and analyze the possible causes.You should write at least 150 words.The diagram above clearly illustrates that dramatic elevation has occurred in the recruitment of Master of Engineering(ME)in the past seven years.According to the statistics given above, we may conclude that the recruitment of ME was on a steady rise from 1998 to 2004.In 1998, the number was at a low level, only about 2,500.Surprisingly, it reached to more than 35,000 in 2004 within no more than seven years.Some driving factors that contribute to the above-mentioned changes may be summarized as follows.First and foremost, China has become particularly active in manufacturing, which leads to the increasing demand of qualified engineers.In addition, the development of job market on the whole cannot keep pace with the expansion of college graduates, which obliges a large number of students to stay on campus for another three years to get better prepared for their career.Last but not least, working pressure is another reason.Taking all these factors into account, we may predict that with speedy development of our society, the number of recruitment of ME will keep growing in the forthcoming decade.On the other side of the coin, however, this tendency may bring about a good many problems, such as the waste of talent.It is necessary for us to take effective measures to ensure this situation doesn’t get out of hand, and encourage students to choose majors in which theoretical knowledge and practical skills will be demanded in the job market.上述图表清楚揭示了过去七年在工程硕士招生方面出现了急剧增长。根据上面给出的数据,我们可以得出结论:从1998到2004年,工程硕士招生稳步增长。在1998年,招生人数较少,只有大约2500人。令人惊讶的是,在不到七年中,到2004年招生人数达到35000多人。
促成上述变化的一些主要原因可以概括如下。首先,中国在制造业方面已经变得异常活跃,这导致了高素质工程师需求的增加。此外,就业市场的总体发展无法跟上大学毕业生的增加,这促使很多学生继续呆在校园里三年时间,为就业进行更好的准备。最后,工作压力是另外一个原因。考虑到所有这些因素,我们可以预计:随着社会的迅速发展,工程硕士的招生人数在不远的将来将会继续增加。
然而,在问题的另一方面,这种趋势可能带来很多问题,例如人才的浪费。我们必须采取有效措施确保这一状况不会失控,同时鼓励学生们选择那些在就业市场上所需要的既有理论知识又有实践技能的专业。5.图画作文:两代关系
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of self-dependence.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.The set of drawings above vividly depict the destiny of a flower in different circumstances.As is shown in the first cartoon, the flower is growing in full bloom in a comfortable greenhouse that shelters it from the threatening lightning and storm.On the contrary, when removed from the greenhouse and exposed to the driving rain, the flower soon fades and withers.The delicate flower is naturally associated with young people, to be specific, the only children in our current society;the greenhouse epitomizes parents’ doting care and abundant material supplies that can shield the children from the storms, or the harsh reality.Once the young people begin to seek independence and accept challenges from the real world, they are found too spoiled to be strong enough in the face of difficulties.Accordingly, it is vital for us to derive positive implications from these thought-provoking drawings.Only by undergoing more challenges and toils in adversity can young people cultivate strong personality and ability, and only in this way can they become winners in this competitive world.上述这组图生动描述了一朵鲜花在不同环境中的命运。如第一幅漫画所示,这朵鲜花正在舒适的温室里充分绽放,温室保护它免于可怕的闪电和风雨。相反,当被搬出温室并暴露在风雨之下时,鲜花很快就凋谢枯萎了。
这朵娇弱的鲜花自然和我们的年轻人联系起来,具体而言,就是当代社会的独生子女。温室是保护孩子免受风雨的父母溺爱和优越物质条件的缩影,而风雨就是严峻的现实。一旦年轻人开始寻求独立并且接受来自现实世界的挑战,人们发现他们已经被惯坏了,在困难面前无法足够坚强。
总之,我们很有必要从这些发人深思的图画中得出积极的含义。只有经历更多的挑战和磨练,年轻人才能培养强大的个性和能力,而且只有这样他们才能成为这个竞争世界中的强者。
6.引语评论:信任
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Maintaining Trust by commenting on the saying “It takes years to build trust, and a few seconds to destroy it.” You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.As an old saying goes, “It takes years to build trust, and a few seconds to destroy it.” Maintaining trust is the most important characteristic that a person requires to be successful in life.Only by consistently proving to be? honest can a person earn the precious trust of family members and business partners.On the one hand, a parents’ relationship with his children must be based on trust and integrity.If a father promises many times to take his son to a football match and cancels every time, his son will naturally lose begin to lose faith in his father’s words.On the other hand, in the business world, people with no trust sooner or later earn the bad reputation they deserve.I have observed how destructive a person’s dishonesty has been to his chances for success, and how his relationships with other people are purely superficial, based only on self-interest.Trust is a very valuable asset, which is easy to lose but hard to gain.In the long run, an honest person will have earned the love and respect of the people closest to them, which, in my opinion, is the greatest measure of a successful life.正如谚语所说,“建立信任需要很多年,但毁掉信任只需要几秒钟”。一个人若想人生有成,应具备的最重要的特征就是保持信任。一个人只有坚定不移地做到诚实,才能赢得家人和商业伙伴的宝贵信任。
一方面,父母和孩子的关系必须建立在信任与诚信的基础上。如果一位父亲多次许诺儿子会带他去看足球比赛,结果每次都取消计划,那么慢慢地,儿子自然就不再相信父亲说的话了。另一方面,在商界,没有诚信的人迟早会落个身败名裂。我目睹了一个人用欺骗毁掉了自己成功的机会,他与别人的关系统统是以个人利益为基础,因而纯粹是肤浅的。
信任是一份十分珍贵的财富,失去容易获得难。从长远看,一个诚实的人将赢得周围人的爱戴和尊敬。在我看来,这就是衡量成功人生的最重要的尺度。
7.引语评论:习惯
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark “Good habits result from resisting temptation.” You can cite examples to illustrate your point.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.There is a saying that “Good habits result from resisting temptation”, to which I can’t agree more.Unfortunately, lack of determined will? and social experience, teenagers frequently fall into the traps of temptations such as Internet games, smoking, drinking, and so on.In a bid to form good habits, one needs a strong will and perseverance to resist temptation.Numerous examples can be given but these will suffice.The outstanding habit of reading classic literature on a regular basis? is a case in point.Nevertheless, you would definitely have to spend less time on your favorite Internet games or fascinating mobile phones.Likewise, the good habit of doing exercises every day means repeatedly dragging oneself away from the TV series and cozy couch.These cases effectively clarify that good habits arises from resisting temptation.As has been mentioned above?, a wise mind and determined will should be gradually cultivated so that the adolescents can resist various bad temptations and form excellent habits.Just as Oscar Wilde, an esteemed British novelist put it, “I can resist everything except temptation.”
有句话说“好的习惯来自于抵制诱惑”,我非常同意。不幸的是,年轻人缺乏坚定的意志和社会经验,总是陷入网络游戏、吸烟、喝酒等诱惑的陷阱。
为了养成良好的习惯,人们需要坚定的意志和坚持不懈来抵制诱惑。可以给出无数的例子,但下面这些例子足矣。经常阅读文学经典的优秀习惯就是其中之一。然而,你必须在心爱的网络游戏或诱人的手机上花费更少的时间。同样,每天进行锻炼的良好习惯意味着日复一日强迫自己远离电视剧和舒适的沙发。这些例子清楚证明了好的习惯源于抵制诱惑。
综上所述,我们年轻人应该逐渐培养明智的心态和坚定的意志,以便抵制各种各样不好的诱惑并形成良好的习惯。正如著名的英国作家奥斯卡王尔德所说:“除了诱惑,我都能抵制。” 8.引语评论:幸福
Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on happiness by referring to the saying “Happiness is not the absence of problems, but the ability to deal with them.” You can cite examples to illustrate your point and then explain how you can develop your ability to deal with problems and be happy.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.As an old saying goes, “Happiness is not the absence of problems, but the ability to deal with them.” Why is difficult to define, or rather discover and achieve happiness? I maintain the major determinant lies in a person’s attitudes.There is little correlation? between the circumstance of people’s lives and how happy they are.Instead, happiness lies in the struggle to be happy.To demonstrate, people sometimes go to extremes?, and frantically pursue money, power, high social status, and so on, which are all symbols of success—but never of happiness.Perhaps if they shifted their life’s goal from ultimate success to unswerving efforts and to a confidence that they will be successful one day they would be a great deal happier.Besides defining it, how do I achieve happiness? There is little doubt that? various people have diverse ways of going about this task.As for me, the most significant secret is realizing that happiness is a by-product of something else.The most obvious sources are those pursuits that give our lives a purpose.These can be anything from playing tennis to studying insects.The more passions we have, the more happiness we are likely to experience.正如谚语所说:“幸福并非没有问题,而在于解决问题的能力”。为何很难定义、发现和获得幸福?我认为最重要的因素在于人们的态度。
人们的生活环境和他们多么幸福之间没什么关系。相反,幸福在于获取幸福的奋斗之中。例如,人们有时候会走极端,疯狂追求金钱、权利、很高的社会地位等等。这些都是成功的象征,但并非幸福的象征。也许如果他们把人生目标从终极成功转向未来他们必将成功的自信,他们将会更加幸福。
除了定义幸福之外,我如何来获取幸福?毫无疑问不同的人对于实现这一目标有着迥然不同的方式。对我而言,最大的秘密就是认识到幸福只是其他事情的一种副产品。最明显的来源就是给予我们目标的那些追求。这些追求可以使从打网球到研究昆虫的任何事情。我们越有激情,我们越有可能感受到幸福。
9.应用文:书信
Directions:
You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books.Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for:
1)detailed information about the books you want,2)methods of payment, 3)time and way of delivery
Dear Sir or Madam,As I am planning to take the National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates(NETEM), I have decided to place an order of some NETEM books with due consideration of the good reputation of your bookstore and the high quality of your books.Firstly, please give me particular accounts as regards names, authors, publishing houses and prices of these books.Secondly, I also need to know the terms of payment and after-sell service.Thirdly, I wonder if it is convenient for you to deliver these books by EMS to the headquarters of Beijing New Oriental School by September 1, 2008.I would like to express my gratitude for your kind consideration of my requests.I look forward to hearing from you soon.Yours sincerely,Li Ming
尊敬的先生或女士:
由于我计划参加全国硕士研究生入学考试英语考试,充分考虑到贵书店的良好声誉和书籍的优良品质,我决定订购一些考研英语书籍。
首先,请给我关于这些书的书名、作者、出版社、价格的详细信息。其次,我也想知道付款方式和售后服务。第三,我想知道您是否方便把这些书通过特快邮政专递在2008年9月1日前送到北京新东方学校总部。
非常感谢您好心考虑我的请求。期待着尽快得到您的答复。
您真诚的,李明
10.应用文:告示
Directions:
You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization.The notice should include the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice.Use “ postgraduate association ” instead.(10 points)
Notice
Volunteers are needed for the International Conference on Globalization to be held on this campus in early July.Basic requirements are familiarity with the theme of the conference and proficiency of English.Other requirements include interpersonal communication ability, familiarity with our city in terms of its tourist attractions and its history, proper manners, and sense of responsibility.Priority and preference will be given to those experienced, either in international conference or in other similar activities.Call 86754321 or send messages to postgr_ass@ccc.edu.cn for an application and for information on the interview.Enquiries are encouraged but visits declined.The Postgraduate’s Association
告示
七月初将于本校举行关于全球化的国际研讨会,现招募志愿者。基本要求是熟悉本次会议的主题以及精通英语。其他要求包括人际沟通能力、熟悉我市的景点及历史,举止适当以及责任感。在国际会议或其他类似活动中具有相关经验者优先考虑。
申请职位以及咨询面试相关信息,请致电86754321或发送邮件到postgr_ass@ccc.edu.cn。欢迎垂询,谢绝来访。
研究生会
2017年6月大学英语六级重点词汇盘点
1.grant vt.授予,同意,准予
take for granted是固定表达,为习惯用语,指“将...看作理所当然”,如to take nothing for granted(不把任何事物看作是理所应当的)。take sth for granted不可接宾语从句,一定要接时,需在take后加it作形式宾语。
We took it for granted that you knew the whole matter.我们以为你当然是知道所有情况的。
2.grand adj.宏伟的,壮丽的,重大的
词义辨析:big, large, great, grand
big 常用词,使用广泛,较口语化。多指体积、重量或容量等方面的“大”,有时也用于描写抽象之物。
large 普通用词,含义广,指体积、面积、容量、数量以及程度等方面的大,具体或抽象意义均可用。
great 普通用词,可指具体东西的“大”,但更常指事物的重要,人的行为、品格的伟大等,带一定的感情色彩。
grand 侧重指盛大、宏大的、有气派。
The Grand Design reached its rhetorical apogee.宏伟计划达到口头上的高潮。
3.invade v.侵入,侵略,侵袭
Wipe out any enemy who dares to invade our country.消灭任何胆敢来犯的敌人。
The town was invaded by reporters.这个城市涌进了大批记者。
4.acid n.酸,酸性物质 adj.酸的;尖刻的
acid rain 酸雨 acid test 酸性测试 acid jazz 迷幻爵士乐
An acid solution is concentrated when it has very much acid in it.当酸溶液里含有很多酸时,它就被浓缩了。
She uttered the phrase with acid sarcasm.她以辛辣的讽刺口吻说这个词。
5.acknowledge v.承认;致谢
词义辨析:acknowledge, admit, confess, recognize, concede
acknowledge 通常指公开承认某事的真实情况或自己的过错。
admit 强调因外力或良心驱使或经判断而明确承认,多含不情愿或被迫意味。
confess 语气较强,着重承认自己意识到的错误或罪行,含坦白忏悔的意味。
recognize 作“承认”解时,系书面用词,主要指合法的或外交上的承认,也指公认。
concede 指在事实与证据面前勉强或不得不承认。
The critic should acknowledge the complexity and inherent ambiguity of the policymaker's choices.评论者应该承认决策者作出抉择的复杂性及难以避免的缺乏鲜明性。
We must not fail to acknowledge his services to the town.我们必须感谢他对本市的贡献。
6.balcony n.阳台
As he came out on the balcony, she turned to him, her face alight.当他走上凉台时,她转向他,脸色开朗起来。
I'm sorry, all the balcony seats are gone.抱歉,包厢的票都卖完了。
7.calculate vt.计算,核算
词义辨析:calculate, count, compute, reckon
calculate: 通常指要求细致精确和复杂的计算,以解决疑难问题,多用于自然科学、生产部门或要求专门计算的场合。
count: 指逐一计算而得出总数。
compute: 一般指已有数据的,较简单但数字长的数学运算。
reckon: 通常指较简单的数学计算,也可指心算。
Engineers calculate the strains and stresses of a bridge.工程师们计算桥梁的受压力度。
8.calendar n.日历,月历
A calendar hung against the wall.墙上挂着日历。
Our weather must not always be judged by the Calendar.我们的季节不能总是靠日历来衡量。
9.optimistic a.乐观
over-optimistic过于乐观的optimistic estimate 乐观估计
It would be wrong of me to paint optimistic picture.如果我把情况说得很乐观,那就错了。
10.optional a.可以任选的,非强制的
optional word 任选字;随意选择字 optional stipulation 选择性规定
optional sampling 任意抽样
It is optional with you.悉听尊便。
If it is difficult to state definitely one or several ports, optional ports can be adopted.假如难以明确写出一个或几个港口,就可以采用选择港这个办法。
2017年6月大学英语六级重点词汇盘点
1.bother v.打搅,麻烦
bother…with/about…打扰或麻烦某人时
Don' t bother about answering his letter.你不必回复他的信。
2.interfere v.干涉,干扰,妨碍
词义辨析:interfere, intervene, meddle
interfere 侧重指无权或未获允许而妨碍、阻扰、干涉他人之事。
intervene 书面用词,指介入争端,进行调停,也指干涉他人之事。
meddle 指干预与自己毫不相关的事或不属于自己职责范围的事,隐含未经许可或授权。可与interfere换用。
I don't want to interfere with you, proceed with your work.我不想打扰你了,你继续工作吧。
3.internal a.内部的,国内的
internal medicine 内科医学
词义辨析:inner, inside, interior, internal, inward
inner 含义广泛,指事物中心或接近中心的部位,也可指内心隐密的活动。
inside 多指处于某物内部或靠近内部,常可与inner换用,可引申指内幕的,秘密的。
interior 指某物的内部,尤指某物的内侧,也可指内地的或国内的。
internal 书面用词,医学上多用,指事物的内部,也可指国内的或内政的。
inward 指朝着中心或内部方向的,侧重方向而不是位置,也可指内心隐密活动。
In our internal deliberations he spoke in favor of reducing defense expenditures.在内部讨论时,他表示赞成削减军事开支。
4.beforehand ad.预先,事先
be beforehand with 预先(提前)
Get everything ready beforehand.事前将每一切事都准备好。
5.racial a.人种的;种族的
racial prejudice 种族偏见 racial equality 种族平等 racial discrimination种族歧视
He went on record as opposing racial discrimination.他公开表示反对种族歧视。
6.radiation n.放射物,辐射
radiation sickness 辐射病 gamma radiation 伽马射线
Radiation reached unheard-of levels.辐射作用已达到前所未有的程度。
7.radical a.根本的;激进的
These developments have effected a radical change in social life.这些发展使社会生活发生了根本变化。
A radical critic of society has turned into a High-Church reactionary.一个激进的社会批评家变成了高教会派的反动分子。
8.range n.幅度,范围 v.(在某范围内)变动
His reading covers a wide range of subjects.他阅读的书籍涉及多种学科。
Our conversation ranged over many topics.我们的谈话涉及很多话题。
9.wonder n.惊奇,奇迹 v.想知道,对...感到疑惑
We have become explorers and scientists with our need to ask questions and to explore wonders.为了解答疑问和探索奇妙的自然,我们成为探险家和科学家。
I wonder if there are some balcony seats still available.不知道还有没有包厢的位子?
10.isolate vt.使隔离,使孤立
词义辨析:isolate, separate, segregate, insulate
isolate 侧重指完全分离、隔开,也指人或物处于完全孤立的状态。
separate 指一般意义上的分开或隔开。
segregate 指把一群人或物从整体或主体中分离出来。
insulate 指隔开、分离,尤指用某种东西阻挡从里面逃出或从外面进入的东西。作技术用词时,专指用某种绝缘体隔断通路。
The patient should isolate from his child.这个病人必须立刻和他的孩子隔离。
2017年6月大学英语六级重点词汇盘点
1.continuous a.继续的,连续(不断)的
词义辨析:continuous, continual, successive, constant, persistent
continuous: 语意最强,强调在时间和空间上没有间断。
continual: 强调重复或持续发生,但连续之间允许有间断。
successive: 强调事物一个接一个地发生,无间断。
constant: 多指习惯性的重复和不变的持续。
persistent: 普通用词,可指不懈的努力,也可指任何连续不断或重复出现的事物。
Orchard programmes need continuous detailed attention.种子园工作要求持续和细心料理。
2.continual a.不断地,频繁的
The country suffered from a continual brain drain because of bad economy.那个国家因经济不景气,人才不断外流。
3.explode v.爆炸;爆发;激增
Many boys explode firecrackers on the Lantern Festival.许多男孩在元霄灯节燃放鞭炮。
Investment in technology stocks exploded in the 1990s.二十世纪九十年代的,对科技股票的投资迅速增加。
4.exploit v.剥削;利用,开采
The capitalists exploit the workers in order to maximize profits.资本家剥削工人是为了使利润最大化。
Television advertisers can exploit a captive audience.电视广告商能利用被动观众。
We are trying to exploit the oil under the sea.我们正设法从海底开采石油。
5.explore v.勘探
Scientists have been conducting laboratory experiments for 20 years to explore this possibility.科学工作者为探索这种可能性已经在实验室中进行了20年的实验。
6.explosion n.爆炸;爆发;激增
Our deterrent weapons are guarded against accidental explosion or use.我们的威慑武器都有人守卫,防范意外爆炸或使用。
The explosion of oil prices caused an economical crisis.石油价格的急剧上涨引起了经济危机。
7.explosive a.爆炸的;极易引起争论的
The most impressive volcanic phenomena are explosive eruptions.最令人难忘的火山现象是爆炸喷发。
The question of race today is an explosive one.种族问题在今天是一个会引起激烈争论的问题。
8.remote a.遥远的,偏僻的
The most remote two points in this world are two estranged hearts.人世间相距最远的两点,是两颗隔膜的心。
Mail comes to this remote village only once a week.邮车每周只到这个偏僻的村庄一次。
9.removal n.除去,消除
Our ultimate objective is the removal of all nuclear weapons.我们的最终目标是消除所有核武器。
10.render vt.使得,致使
render up 放弃(让与)render a bill 开帐单render service 提供服务
His back injury had rendered him unfit for work.他的背伤使他无法胜任这份工作。
2017年6月大学英语六级重点词汇盘点
1.coach n.教练;长途公共汽车
The coach is bringing on some girls in the reserve team.教练正教导预备队的女孩们练球。
The coach was full, so a relief was put on.长途汽车已满员,所以增开了一辆。
2.code n.准则,法规,密码
Managers are expected to comply with the company's code of conduct.希望经理能够遵守公司的行为准则。
The Highway Code has been carried.公路法规已经被执行。
Deciphering the first code is the most difficult step.破译第一个密码是最困难的一步。
3.coil n.线圈 v.卷,盘绕
The birds are entangled in the coil of a net.鸟被缠在网圈里了。
The snake coiled itself around the tree.蛇盘绕在树上。
4.adult n.成年人
词义辨析:adult, grown-up, mature
adult: 一般指生理上的童年期已结束,达到法定年龄。
grown-up: 多用于口语,含义与adult基本相同,但更侧重脱离儿童阶段,已成大人,与childish意思相反。
mature: 用于生物时,指完全长好了。用于人时,指达到了生命的黄金时期,但所暗示的青少年和成年之间的界限不明显。
These films are suitable for adults only.这些电影只适宜成人观看。
5.advertise v.为...做广告
advertise for 用广告征求
It was time to advertise our cause instead of our cars.当时的当务之急是我们的事业可不是为我们的汽车进行广告宣传。
6.advertisement n.广告
advertisement matter 广告邮件 advertisement tax 广告税
A lot of people replied to our advertisement.有许多人对我们的广告作出了反应。
7.agency n.代理商,经销商
Do you mean to say that if we entrust you with the agency, you will sell$1,000, 000 each year?
你的意思是说如果我们指定你们为代理,你将每年销售100万美元?
I work in a tourist agency.我在一家旅行社工作。
8.focus v.(使)聚集 n.焦点,中心,聚焦
He focused the sun's rays on the paper with a burning glass.他用取火镜使太阳光聚集在纸上。
He always wants to be the focus of attention.他总想成为注意力的焦点。
9.forbid vt.不许,禁止
Smoking is forbidden in this office.这间办公室禁止吸烟。
10.debate n./v.辩论,争论
词义辨析:debate, argue, quarrel, dispute
debate: 侧重指意见等对立的双方之间正式或公开的争辩
argue: 指提出理由或证据为自己或自己一方的看法或立场辩护,着重说理、论证和企图说服
quarrel: 指两人之间或两个团体之间不友好的、吵吵嚷嚷地大声争论某事,尤指“吵嘴、吵架”
dispute: 侧重对分歧进行激烈或热烈的争论或争辩,带一定感情色彩,常隐含“各持已见”或“争论不休”意味
After a long debate the bill was passed.经长时间的辩论,议案获得通过。
2017年6月大学英语六级重点词汇盘点
1.virtue n.美德,优点
Fidelity to engagement is a virtue.信守诺言是一种美德。
Meekness is a virtue he appreciates in his wife.温顺是他所欣赏的妻子的优点之一。
2.virtual a.实际上的,事实上的
A virtual state of war exists between the two countries.这两国间实际上处于战争状态。
3.orient vt.使适应,(to, toward)使朝向 n.东方
I need some time to orient my thinking.我需要一些时间来使我的思想适应。
They love paintings from the Orient.他们喜欢来自东方的绘画。
4.moisture n.潮湿
The plants absorb moisture from the soil.植物从土壤中吸取水分。
5.promote vt.促进;提升
They discussed how to promote cooperation between the two countries.他们讨论如何促进两国间的合作。
He has been promoted to general manager.他已被提升为总经理。
6.region n.地区;范围;幅度
I guess there are much less people in the Arctic regions than here.我想北极地区的人要比这里的少得多。
The region near the erupting volcano was evacuated rapidly.火山爆发处附近已迅速撤空。
7.register v./n.登记,注册
You must register as a member first.你必须先注册成为会员。
No register of his death was found.没有查到他的死亡记录。
8.stable a.稳定的
Markets are flourishing and prices are stable.市场繁荣, 物价稳定。
9.sophisticated a.老于世故的,老练的;很复杂的
She is such a sophisticated woman that she saw through his trick at the first sight.她是个十分老练的女人,她一眼就看穿了他的把戏。
The publisher's techniques for the promotion of his books have become increasingly sophisticated since the 1950s.自20世纪50年代以来,出版商推销书籍的方式愈加复杂。
10.splendid a.极好的,壮丽的,辉煌的
My kid sister has a splendid memory.我小妹记忆力极好。
The royal couple appeared in splendid array.王室伉俪身穿盛装出现。
We won another splendid victory.我们又赢得了辉煌的胜利。
2017年6月大学英语六级重点词汇盘点
1.domestic a.本国的,国内的;家用的;家庭的
Washington responded by freezing the price of domestic oil.华盛顿作出的反应是冻结国内的石油价格。
My value for domestic tranquility should much exceed theirs.我应该远比他们重视家庭的平静生活。
2.constant a.不变的,恒定的 n.常数
In our world nothing seems constant.在我们这个世界上似乎没有东西是永恒不变的。
The speed of light is an important constant.光速是一个重要的常数。
3.cliff n.悬崖,峭壁
The sea had undermined the cliff.海水侵蚀了悬崖的基部。
4.authority n.权威;当局
We see him as an authority on the subject.我们把他看作为这方面的权威。
The new building must be financed by the local authority.新大楼的建筑资金必须由地方当局提供。
5.audio a.听觉
Students is very interested in the audio-visual instruction.学生们对视听教学非常感兴趣。
6.attitude n.态度
attitude后常接towards/to,指“对于……的态度,看法”,如her attitude towards/to the question(她对这个问题的看法)。
值得注意的是,因上面例子中的宾语是question,有时候可以用on代替to,如her attitude on the question。
She shows a very positive attitude to her work.她工作态度非常积极。
7.community n.社区,社会
Everyone should invest some time in community service.每个人都应该花些时间在社区服务上。
The welfare of the community is the same as the welfare of its members.社会的福利就等于其成员的福利。
8.commit vt.犯(错误,罪行等),干(坏事等)
commit oneself to doing something 使自己不得免于
They committed outrages on innocent citizens.他们对无辜的市民犯下了暴行。
9.comment n./vt.评论
He made no comments on our proposal.他对我们的建议没有作评论。
He commented that it was an excellent film.他评论这电影很精彩。
10.distinguish vt.区分,辨别
词义辨析:distinguish, discern, discriminate
distinguish: 普通用词,指辨别者的能力或实际观察到的区别,强调辨别所需的技巧。
discern: 语义较笼统,着重精深与准确的观察力,不一定有能力辨别关系密切的各项事物。
discriminate: 语气强,指从十分相似的事物中辨出差异,尤其把好坏区分开来。
Speeches distinguish human beings from animals.人类和动物的区别在于人会说话。
2017年6月大学英语六级重点词汇盘点
1.vivid a.生动的
词义辨析:vivid, lively, pictorial, picturesque
vivid: 普通用词,侧重有强烈的实际感或逼真感,使人富于想象或留下深刻的印象
lively: 普通用词,与vivid可通用 pictorial: 强调产生或制造生动的效果
picturesque: 既指景色、人物等犹如图画般美丽,又可指文艺作品的风格绚丽多彩,尤指一种原始粗犷的美
Dickens'novels are full of vivid characterization.狄更斯的小说中充满了栩栩如生的人物形象。
2.vocabulary n.词汇(量);词汇表
That if your vocabulary is limited your chances of success are limited.如果你的词汇量不大,你成功的机会也就不多。
3.venture n.风险投资,风险项目v.冒险;取于
The hi-tech industry attracts much venture capital.高科技产业吸引着许多风险投资。
Don't venture into the jungle without a guide.如果没有向导,就不要冒险到森林里去。
4.version n.版本,译本;说法
The new version of this dictionary is not in use yet.这本字典的新版本还未通行。
The book was translated into many versions and sold all over the world.这本书被翻译成多种译文并行销全球。
The two newspapers gave different versions of what happened.两家报纸对发生的事说法不一。
5.waist n.腰,腰部
If the skirt is too big, we can take in the waist.要是裙子太大了,我们可以把腰部收紧一些。
6.weld v./n.焊接
Weld abandoned tools onto the wheel.把废弃的工具焊接上车轮。
His job is to weld parts together.他的工作是焊接零件。
7.yawn vi.打哈欠
His long boring story made me yawn.他的冗长的故事听得我直打呵欠。
8.yield vi.(to)屈服于;让出,放弃 n.产量
We' ve already made it clear that we will not yield to pressure.我们已经表明我们不会屈服于压力。
Wheat yields doubled last year.去年小麦产量翻了一番。
9.zone n.地区,区域
The Norwegians live in a comparatively cold zone.挪威人生活在比较寒冷的地区。
10.strategy n.战略,策略
He is an expert in military strategy.他是军事战略专家。
The strategy was designed to wear down the enemy's resistance.这一策略旨在逐步削弱敌人的抵抗力。
2017年6月大学英语六级重点词汇盘点
1.emphasize vt.强调,着重
We cannot emphasize too much the importance of learning English.我们再怎样强调学英文的重要性也不为过。
I would like to emphasize that we are ready to meet the management at any time.我想着重指出,我们愿意在任何时候与管理部门会谈。
2.emotion n.情感,感情
Love, joy, hate, fear and grief are all emotions.爱、喜、恨、惧、悲都是情感。
3.emotional a.感情的,情绪(上)的
They offer each other emotional support.他们相互提供感情上的支持。
She had a major emotional upset.她情绪上受到了沉重的打击。
4.awful a.极坏的,威严的,可怕的
It would be awful if he found out the truth.如果他发现了真相,那就糟了。
5.awkward a.笨拙的,别扭的
He seemed as awkward and rough as ever.他跟从前一样拙笨和粗鲁。
The heavy axe was awkward to use.这把重斧头不好用。
6.clue n.线索,提示
They are now trying to chase down all possible clues.他们现在正在设法寻找一切可能的线索。
I gave him another clue, but he still didn't twig the answer.我又提示他一次,他还是不理解那答案。
7.collision n.碰撞,冲突
The liner is reported to have been in collision with an oil tanker.据报道,这艘客轮与一艘油轮相撞。
The Government and the unions are on a collision course.政府和工会必将发生冲突。
8.device n.装置,设备
The data logger device has been fitted to ship's engine room.数字记录仪装置已安装在船只的机舱里。
The printer is the most commonly used output device after the monitor.打印机是除显示器外最常用的输出设备。
9.devise vt.发明,策划,想出
词义辨析:devise, conceive, formulate
devise: 侧重设计的临时性和权宜性,并隐含有更多的设想可用
conceive: 强调在制定计划之前的先有设想构思
formulate: 与conceive相反,指在devise之后的具体设计活动
He devised a new type of transistor.他发明了一种新的晶体管。
The government devised a scheme for redeveloping the city center.政府制定了市中心重建计划。
10.inevitable a.不可避免的
An argument was inevitable because they disliked each other so much.争论是不可避免的,因为他们彼此非常厌恶。
It is gradually borne in on us that defeat be inevitable.我们渐渐地认识到失败是不可避免的。
2017年6月大学英语六级重点词汇盘点
1.professional a.职业的,专门的
Don't wear those clothes to work;try to look more professional!
别穿这些衣服去工作,要穿得象个专业人员的样子。
He is a professional journalist.他是一位专门的新闻从业人员。
2.secure a.安全的,可靠的
If you are not sure it is secure, do not debug it.如果您不能确定它是安全的,请不要调试它。
His place in history is now secure.他在历史上的地位现在已经稳固了。
3.security n.安全,保障
I'll undertake for your security.我将保证你的安全。
Our own actions are our security.我们的行为是自己的保证。
4.scratch v./n.抓,搔,扒
The dog is scratching at the door.狗正在抓门。
He pretended to scratch his ear.他假装搔耳朵。
There's a scratch on the side of my car.我的汽车侧面有一道划痕。
5.talent n.才能,天资;人才
Her talents are well known.人人都知道她很有才干。
My sister has a talent for music.我妹妹有音乐天赋。
What they need most is managerial talent.他们最需要的是管理人才。
6.insurance n.保险,保险费
He works in an insurance company.他在一家保险公司上班。
I have paid my car insurance.我已经交了汽车保险费。
7.insure vt.给...保险,保证,确保
I want to insure my residence.我要为自己的住宅保险。
His talent and dedication will insure his success.他的才气和执着将确保他成功。
8.nevertheless ad.仍然,然而,不过
Despite his injured ankle, he nevertheless succeeded in gaining the final against Germany.尽管踝骨受伤,他仍然打入了与德国队的决赛。
Nevertheless as an exceptional measure, we have decided to overlook its late submission.46
然而,作为一项特别措施,我们决定不计较逾期问题。
We can't take your advice.Nevertheless, thank you for putting it.我们不能接受您的建议。不过,谢谢您提出来。
9.neutral a.中立的,中性的
That country remained neutral in the war.那个国家在那场战争中保持中立。
He has a rather neutral character.他品性平平。
10.spot n.地点;斑点vt.认出,发现;玷污
This is the spot where the two trucks collided.这儿就是两辆卡车相撞的地点。
All apples with soft spots were rejected.所有带软斑点的苹果都被剔除。
She spotted her friend in the crowd.她在人群中认出了她的朋友。
The scandal spotted his character.那件丑闻玷污了他的人格。
2017年6月大学英语六级重点词汇盘点
1.infer v.推论,推断
We can infer the meaning of the word in the context.47
我们可以从上下文中推断这个词的含义。
2.integrate v.(into, with)(使)成为一体,(使)合并
The Message Board tool is an easy tool to integrate into daily school life.留言板是一种非常方便的工具,可以将其整合到日常学校生活中。
I learn quickly.I integrate disparate concepts with relative ease.我学习速度很快,我能将完全不同的概念毫不费力地结合在一起。
3.moist a.潮湿
This gave a warm and moist feeling to the picture.这样让整张画有了些温暖和潮湿的感觉。
4.moisture n.潮湿
If you air your quilt on such a wet day, it'll soak up the moisture.如果在这么潮湿的天晒被子,被子就会把湿气都吸去。
5.promote vt.促进;提升
They discussed how to promote cooperation between the two countries.他们讨论如何促进两国间的合作。
He has been promoted to general manager.他已被提升为总经理。
6.region n.地区;范围;幅度
I guess there are much less people in the Arctic regions than here.我想北极地区的人要比这里的少得多。
The region near the erupting volcano was evacuated rapidly.火山爆发处附近已迅速撤空。
These small spiced cakes are a peculiarity of the region.这些别有风味的小蛋糕是该地的特产。
7.register v./n.登记,注册
You must register if you intend to vote.如果你要投票选举,你就必须登记。
No register of his death was found.没有查到他的死亡记录。
8.stable a.稳定的
In order that our country could flourish and achieve its own goals, a stable environment within the country is definitely not dispensable.国家要发展,要实现自己的目标,这是必不可少的条件,就是要国内有安定环境。
9.sophisticated a.老于世故的,老练的;很复杂的
I'd rather deal with a simple man than a sophisticated man.我宁愿与纯朴的人打交道,不愿与世故的人交往。
She is such a sophisticated woman that she saw through his trick at the first sight.她是个十分老练的女人,她一眼就看穿了他的把戏。
The publisher's techniques for the promotion of his books have become increasingly sophisticated since the 1950s.自20世纪50年代以来,出版商推销书籍的方式愈加复杂。
10.splendid a.极好的,壮丽的,辉煌的
My kid sister has a splendid memory.我小妹记忆力极好。
The royal couple appeared in splendid array.王室伉俪身穿盛装出现。
We won another splendid victory.我们又赢得了辉煌的胜利。
六级阅读理解常考词组(一)1.turn down 关小,调低;拒绝
2.turn in 交还,上交;上床睡觉
3.take up with 与…成朋友
4.take up 开始从事;把…继续下去;着手处理;占去,占据;(on)接受邀请
第四篇:考前必背的汉译英
1你们没有必要为了买哪辆车而争论
You don’t have to___________________________________________________________ 2昨天,这位年轻人被指控闯入他人的住宅
Yesterday the young man ______________________________________others’ flat.3昨晚,屋外的噪音吵得我睡不着
The noise outside___________________________________ last night.最后一次看见那个人的时候,他正要强行闯入一家商店。
The man was___________________________________ a shop.韩梅宁愿再等两个小时也不愿意叫醒他母亲。
Han Mei ________________________________________rather than wake up her mother6 她很随和,和别人相处融洽。
It’s easy-going of her ____________________________________________.7每个人都必须积极参与节约用水。这是我们保护地球的一种方式。
Everyone must ________________________saving water.It’s a way of protecting our earth8台湾岛上美丽的风景每年都吸引了来自世界各地的大量游客。
The beautiful scenery on Taiwan Island _____________________________________ from all over the world every year.他打开电脑却发现三分之二的信息已经不见。
He started the computer but found that ___________________________________________.10 看这本书使我想起了我的童年。
___________________________________________________________ my childhood.11 把烦恼埋藏在心底会让事情变得更糟糕。
_______________________________can make things worse.那位天才演员将永远被全世界影迷牢记。
The talented actor will _______________________________________________for ever 13 腾出足够的地方
__________________________________
14戴维曾一度被认为是一位勇敢的男生。
David ___________________________________________a brave boy.非常感谢您给我们提供如此多的有用建议。
Thank you very much ____________________________________________________ 16你拒绝他的建议是多么愚蠢啊
How ____________________________________________his advice!<<1942>> 这么电影不适合各个年龄层次的观众。
The film BACK TO 1942 _____________________________________.18暴风雪让许多人无法及时回家
A lot of people __________________________ in time because of the snow storm.他们面临的人物看起来演员超出了他们的能力
The tasks the faced________________________________________.我们推断他的车在路上抛锚了
We supposed ______________________________________ on the way.看起来更有吸引力
__________________________________他为何谈了那么多关于自己的爱好方面的情况。
What __________________________________________his hobbies?在警察赶到那之前,可怕的事情已经发生。
_________________________________________before the police arrived there.昨晚的暴风雪把许多人车辆都给困住了。
Many cars _____________________________________ last night.那些年轻人已经适应了忙忙碌碌的生活。
Those young people have ____________________________busy.26当我回到办公室时,他们说有我的电话。
The told me that I _____________________________ when I got back to my office.组织这个活动是为了募集钱来帮助那些无家可归的人。
The event is ______________________________________for helping the homeless.27我们仔细的将这儿的空气和无锡的空气污染做了比较。
We carefully __________________________________________ in Wuxi.她把她的余生都奉献给了帮助世界不同地区的贫困儿童。
___________________________________________________.取得了这么大的进步
______________________________________________父母总是怀疑我是否在玩游戏上花了很多时间。
My parents always ________________________________________computer games.31 我不知道机器人将会对我们未来的生活来来怎样的变化
I don’t know what changes robots ______________________________
电脑用的太多而导致他视力差
___________________________________________his poor eyesight.33 昨天的大会选举谁做新的学生会主席?
Who _____________________of the Students’ Union at yesterday’s meeting?
保持生态平衡
______________________________________
每天早上,人们可以看见一群群老人在公园进行晨练。
Every morning groups _______________________________________doing morning exercises in the park.36他对摄影尤其感兴趣
He is ________________________________________________________________.37 为什么比让孩子多睡点?
Why not _____________________________________.38 学英语的最好办法就是尽可能多说。
The best way to learn English is to ________________________________________
那位影星希望在度假的时候不被打扰。
The film star wants to _________________________________ when he is on holiday.40 老师的话使他们立刻振奋起来
What the teacher said _________________________________________.41 只花了三天的时间破案
_________________________________________________________
在他被授予这个奖牌之前,他已经在二十多部电影中出演。
____________________________________________________________________________
43现在计算机在我市大多数学校里被广泛使用。
Today, computers ___________________________________________ of our city.44 他的房间太乱,没有人想进去。
His room is _________________________________________that nobody wants to enter it.45 由于过重的作业负担
___________________________________________________________________________ 46这部影片向我们展示了二十世纪九十年代上海的面貌
This film shows us what _____________________________________________
为什么孩子喜欢玩机器人?
_____________________________________________________________________ 48比起那些衬衫来,他和父母都更喜欢棉质的。
Not only his parents tut also he _______________________________________to those ones.49无锡是欣赏农村美丽风光的好地方
____________________________________________________________________________ 50以前老师把我们分成四人小组来讨论数学问题
We ____________________________________by the teacher to discuss Maths problems 51 我们的班长考试中常得满分,但他行不炫耀。
Our monitor often __________________in exams ,but he never ________________________.52 那个舞蹈演员一直担心会发胖。
The dancer _______________________________________getting fat.53 她习惯于和工作中遇到的各种各样的人打交道。
She______________________________________________ all kinds of people in her job.54 成龙已经在多部武打片中成功地扮演了主角
Jackie Chan has already ___________________________________________________ 55我认为女孩子们算出这些数学题目不会有困难。
I___________________________________________________ these math problems.56 目前许多年轻人靠自己买不起婚房
A lot of young people ___________________________________on their own at present.
第五篇:申论考前必背资料
申论考前必背资料
(本备考资料包括四部分内容:申论文章必背10大开头和10大结尾、申论文章必背20条名言警句、申论文章分论点工整句式、申论常考应用文类型及新题型预测。各位同学在考前加深理解记忆,在考试中灵活运用。预祝各位同学顺利成“公”!)
一、申论文章必背10大开头和10大结尾
(一)开头
1.制造业振兴
纵观世界各国经济发展的进程,大工业生产带来了日不落帝国的辉煌,工业产品充斥全球见证了美利坚的崛起,制造业领域的进步成就了所谓的日本奇迹,经济大国的兴起无一不是依靠制造业的崛起,没有强大的制造业做支撑,就不可能有经济大国和强国。在努力实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦的今天,重振中国制造业,意义深远。
2.民族品牌
品牌就是质量,品牌就是效益,品牌就是生命力。在市场经济发展日趋深化的今天,品牌对于企业生存和发展的重要性不言而喻,品牌战略已成为众多知名企业在市场竞争中立于不败之地的法宝。品牌之于企业,是树立形象、提升竞争力的关键;品牌之于民族,是彰显风貌、争取立足之地的法宝。
3.“空心村”现象 孟子云:“老吾老以及人之老,幼吾幼以及人之幼。”近年来一系列的留守悲剧让人不忍正视。将心比心,着实揪心。“空心村”问题既是当今社会转型中的一个薄弱环节,更是一种阵痛。孔子云:“父母在,不远游,游必有方。”谁也不愿背井离乡,骨肉分离,庞大的留守儿童及空巢老人组成的空心村,折射出现实的严峻,凸显出整治“空心村”工作的紧迫性。
4.政府诚信
“夫妇有恩矣,不诚则离”,夫妻之间只有讲诚信,才能和睦相处;“与朋友交,言而有信”,朋友之间只有坦诚相待,才能推心置腹,结成君子之交。子曰:“人而无信,不知其可也。”诚信,是中华民族的传统美德,是立人之本;没有诚信的人,终无立足之地。同理,政府无信不威,国家无信不强。政府诚信是社会诚信的核心与关键,它引导着公众的诚信精神,对构建诚信社会起着极大的示范作用。
5.发展新能源
杰里米·里夫金曾说过,“人类社会历史上,曾经有很多技术革命,但是仔细分析,只有能源来源及使用方式的根本性改变,才能整体上改变人类的经济社会面貌,才是根本的革命。”这句话揭示了能源革命的重要地位。当前,第三次工业革命浪潮汹涌澎湃,我国也应顺势而为,积极发展新能源,引领能源革命,发挥其对经济社会的全方位带动作用。
6.建筑垃圾资源化 不知何时起,“床底松声万壑哀”已成了诗页间的旧梦,即使是在月夜里醒来,耳畔回荡的也只剩下施工工地传来的阵阵轰鸣。不知何时起,“开窗放进大江来”已成了记忆里的背影,也许大江依旧,但推窗映入眼帘的却只剩下垃圾成山。随着经济社会的快速发展和城镇化进程的持续加速,新建筑不断拔地而起,然而这繁华背后却是越来越棘手的建筑垃圾污染问题。解决建筑垃圾污染问题,要走绿色施工道路,变废为宝,点石成金,大力发展建筑垃圾资源化。
7.环境治理 黑格尔说:“当人类欢呼对自然的胜利之时,也就是自然对人类惩罚的开始。”当我们自以为征服自然时,雾霾席卷而来,污水肆意横流,国人的治污期盼无比强烈。然而历经环境变迁、社会发展,昔日的环保法责任主体设定不足,责任内容制定缺乏,已然难堪治污大任。此时,新环保法“利剑出鞘”,划开了环保执法动真格的大幕。
8.民族和时代精神 精神的力量是强大的,一块任何人也无法撬动的万斤巨石,一颗野草的种子却可以从它的缝隙中生根发芽,最终使它迸裂。坚韧不拔,愚公面对的山可以移动;众志成城,猝然袭来的地震可以抗御。愚公移山靠的是迎难而上、持之以恒的精神,抗震英雄靠的是英勇无畏、团结协作的精神,奥运冠军靠的是顽强拼搏、力争上游的精神,无论哪一种精神,都体现了民族精神和时代精神的精髓,鼓舞着我们在改革创新的道路上不懈进取。
9.简政放权
大到一个工业项目,小到一纸入学证明,“办事难”成为众多国人心声,而环境污染、食品安全等“没人管”问题也频现报端。纵观当今社会,在利益分布密集处,不难见到政府“闲不住的手”;而在环保、食品、等责任密集处,却又总是遭遇政府责任缺位。转变政府职能,推动行政体制改革,核心就在于权力的划分和责任的担当。
10.提升国民素养
李娜的玩笑和直率,让西方人折服;姚明的幽默,可以让奥巴马在一次致辞中展望中美关系时,引用“小巨人”的话。但是随着互联网的发展,伟人和名人代表中国对外进行交流的时代正在离我们远去。这是个平民时代,这是个公民时代,这是个网民时代。国家形象写在每个普通中国人的脸上,我们每个人都是文化的传播者。国民有较高的人文素质,国家的名片才能亮眼。
(二)结尾
1.创新驱动
创新是对真理的探索,是对梦想的追求。从四大发明到杂交水稻,自古以来,中国人民从不缺乏创新精神。在全面深化改革的新时期,党和政府更是作出了实施创新驱动发展战略的重大部署。我们要进一步优化创新软环境,呵护万众创新之花盛开,在科技竞争的大时代中书写中国创新发展的新篇章。
2.民族品牌
著名画家齐白石曾言,“学我者生,似我者死”。一代文化大师也是在提醒世人:创造属于自己的民族品牌,而不能一味地模仿。在学习中要体现个性与价值,融入自己的民族文化特色,只有首先是“中国的”,才有可能是“世界的”!
3.养老保障体系建设 夕阳虽垂暮,景色亦醉人。高尔基曾说:“一个老年人的死亡,等于倾倒了一座博物馆。”可见,老年人群体即精神财富的密集载体。《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》提出,积极应对人口老龄化,加快建立社会养老服务体系和发展老年服务产业。在人口老龄化快速发展和养老问题突出的今天,我们有理由相信,通过国家的大力支持以及全社会的共同努力,在不久的将来,几千年来中国人“老有所养”的愿望必将成为现实。
4.旅游业发展
“失今不治,必为痼疾,后虽有扁鹊,不能为已。”目前,单纯注重旅游业“量增长”的倾向虽然尚不严重,但也必须引起足够的重视,做到“治之其未乱,为之其未有”,否则旅游业的发展将偏离保增长、扩内需、调结构、促环保的轨道。因此,促进旅游业的健康发展,要尽快做到“质”“量”齐升,以促进经济社会又好又快发展。
5.简政放权
简政放权进行时,意味着行政体制改革大业如大江奔流不舍昼夜,往难处进发的足迹时时可见,向纵深推进的涛声处处可闻。对于简政放权这项系统工程,需要正视“权力的阵痛”、破除利益固化的藩篱。“夏商之衰,不变法而亡;三代之起,不相袭而王。”相信通过坚持深化改革,坚持秉持公心,我国政府一定能写下行政体制改革的时代新篇,我国的社会发展将迈入一个全新的阶段。
6.户籍制度改革 “路漫漫其修远兮”,户籍制度改革涉及重大利益调整,改革难度可想而知。然而二元户籍管理制度已成为我国生产力发展的重大阻碍,改革再难也要推进下去。国家必须加大财政投入,保证政策落实,保障利益再分配顺利进行,同时还必须要有足够的耐心和定力来持续这个过程,让不断提高的城镇化水平成为户籍改革最好的催化剂。无论是农村大包干还是取消农业税,我国每一次深得民心的改革都会为社会发展增添巨大活力,相信户籍改革将为农村、城市的腾飞插上双翼,真正实现比翼齐飞。
7.司法改革
总书记指出:“司法体制改革是政治体制改革的重要组成部分,对推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化具有十分重要的意义。”在一个法治健全的社会,政府权力必然运行于法律轨道之上,公众权利亦必保护于法律框架之中。到那时,法律权威将护佑公平正义的阳光,抵达每一个角落,普照每一个生命。
8.破除官员迷信
“可怜夜半虚前席,不问苍生问鬼神。”李商隐的感叹振聋发聩,而现在的官员却在重蹈覆辙。迷信鬼神,不仅有违马克思主义信仰,而且与社会主义核心价值观背道而驰。同时,还有损社会清风正气。目前,我国进入全面建成小康社会的新时期,对党员干部各方面的能力提出了更高要求,政府有必要引导官员坚定信仰,破除迷信,提升执政能力。
9.金融改革
马云曾经放出豪言:“如果银行不改变,我们就改变银行。”随着余额宝、百度百发、微信支付等相继“引爆”,壁垒森严的传统金融业被成功撬开一道缺口。与金融创新的高歌猛进相比,金融监管还比较滞后,金融稳定则存在很大风险。只有加强金融监管,为金融创新保驾护航,才能更好地推动金融改革,促进经济持续、健康发展。
10.发展职业教育 “技不压身,学好技术,就有了走遍天下都不怕的本事,这是一辈子都打不破的铁饭碗。”是李克强总理对职校学生的谆谆教诲,也向社会传递了为发展职业教育保驾护航的正能量。苦难、矛盾不足惧,只要有耐心、有信心,多管齐下、多方并举,让职业教育为国家和社会源源不断地创造人才红利,成为保障民生的“铁饭碗”,筑牢“中国梦”腾飞的基础。
二、申论文章必背20条名言警句
1.人惟求旧,器非求旧,惟新。
——《尚书·盘庚上》
2.大道之行也,天下为公。
——《礼记·礼运篇》
3.远人不服,则修文德以来之。——《论语·季氏篇》
4.政之所兴在顺民心,政之所废在逆民心。
——《管子·牧民》
5.治国无法则乱,守法而弗变则悖。举事必循法以动,变法者因时而化。
——《吕氏春秋·察今》
6.理国要道,在于公平正直。
——《贞观政要》
7.古之善政者,贵于足食;欲求富国者,必先利人。
——《旧唐书·韦坚传》
8.一人之智,不如众人之愚;一目之察,不如众目之明。
——《意林》
9.居安思危,思则有备,有备无患。
——《左传·襄公十一年》
10.敬教劝学,建国之大本;兴贤育才,为政之先务。
——(清)朱舜水《劝兴》
11.礼,国之干也。
——《左传·僖公十一年》
12.与制度结合的自由才是唯一的自由。自由不仅要同制度和道德并存,而且须臾缺不了它们。
——(英国)埃德蒙·伯克
13.一次不公的判决比多次不公平的举动为祸尤烈,因为这些不平的举动不过弄脏了水流,而不公的判决则把水源败坏了。
——(英国)培根
14.竭泽而渔,岂不获得,而明年无鱼;焚薮而田,岂不获得,而明年无兽。
——《吕氏春秋·义尝》
15.举大体而不论小事,务实效而不为虚名。
——(宋)苏轼《贺杨龙图启》
16.千古无不敝之政,也无不变之法。
——(清)郑观应
17.物必先腐,而后虫生。
——(宋)苏轼《范增论》
18.石可破也,而不可夺坚;丹可磨也,而不可夺赤。
——《吕氏春秋·诚廉》
19.天下之事,不难于立法,而难于法之必行。
——(明)张居正《请稽查章奏随事考成以修实政疏》
20.不受虚言,不听伪术,不采华名,不兴伪事。
——(东汉)荀悦《申鉴·俗嫌》
三、申论文章分论点工整句式
1.“三严三实”
“三严三实”是青年干部从政的根本准则。“三严三实”是群众期待干部的具体标准。“三严三实”是优良作风传统的继承发展。“三严三实”是推进作风建设的清晰目标。
2.倡导绿色生活
弘扬正确价值理念,让绿色生活成为自觉的行为 推进绿色消费革命,倒逼生产生活方式绿色转型 完善法规政策体系,为生活方式绿色化提供支撑 构建全民行动体系,形成生活方式绿色化的合力
3.新型城镇化
是保持经济持续健康发展的强大引擎 是加快产业结构转型升级的重要抓手 是解决农业农村农民问题的重要途径 是推动区域统筹协调发展的有力支撑 是促进社会全面和谐进步的必然要求
4.培育新型职业农民 培育新型职业农民,是构建新型农业经营体系的基本条件。培育新型职业农民,是我国现代农业转型升级的必然要求。培育新型职业农民,是保障我国粮食安全的迫切需要。
5.网络问政
网络问政是了解民需、调查民意的“直通车”,有助于政策的策划。网络问政是荟萃民智、辅助决策的“信息库”,有助于政策的制定。网络问政是提高效率、转变作风的“加速器”,有助于政策的执行。网络问政是评价政策、改进工作的“风向标”,有助于政策的评估。网络问政是预防贪污、防治腐败的“好帮手”,有助于政策的监督。
6.促进收入分配公平
分配公平是加快转变经济发展方式的需要 分配公平是维护社会公平和谐稳定的举措 分配公平是完善社会主义市场经济的内容 分配公平是体现社会主义本质的必然要求
7.保障信息安全
以全民意识构成信息安全之线。以组织行为织造信息安全之面。以国家战略构建信息安全之网。
8.构建诚信文化
诚信之于人类就犹如空气和阳光 诚信是民族生存发展的精神支柱 诚信是国家稳定持续发展的精髓 诚信是展现国际形象的必要前提
9.消费者权益保护
让消费者有尊严,就要让法律当好“守护神”。让消费者有尊严,就要让监督吹好“高压风”。让消费者有尊严,就要让文化建好“循环圈”。
10.增強文化自信
文化自信是对自身文化价值的肯定 文化自信是扩大对外交流重要前提 文化自信是实现中国梦的内源动力 文化自信是治理体系现代化的条件 文化自信是推进“四个全面”的保证
四、申论常考应用文类型及新题型预测
(一)常考应用文类型
1.短评
【典型例题】2015山东C类第三题
【题目】某报纸拟制作一版名为“新青年”的专栏,请你根据“给定资料6~8”,以“为新青年的选择喝彩”为题目,为这个专栏写一篇短评。(25分)要求:
(1)观点明确,简明深刻;(2)紧扣材料,重点突出;(3)语言流畅,有逻辑性;(4)不超过500字。【参考答案】
为新青年的选择喝彩
近年来,随着越来越多朝气蓬勃、具有专业知识的“新青年”自我意识的觉醒,他们开始选择把个人的小兴趣与时代的大责任相契合的生活,深入基层,不畏艰难,帮助更多的人脱贫致富,肩负起建设美好中国的重任,这样的青春值得我们喝彩。
“村民贴心人”程广京心系三农,服务百姓,成立“董庄村党员之家”和“大学生村干部服务站”,创办蔬菜专业合作社,带领村民脱贫致富,完美诠释和传承了焦裕禄精神。荣获“中国青年五四奖章集体”称号的鹦哥岭团队成员主动放弃优越生活,克服缺水少电、气候潮热等困难,建立鹦哥岭自然保护区工作站“档案馆”,组建“护林队”,积极推广林下经济,谱写了“坚守理想、奉献青春”的励志传奇。“顶尖人才”秦玥飞筹资改善山村基础设施设备;“阳光书屋”公益组织致力于中国基层教育和城市化进程,加强基层教育,培养农村孩子的理解力、创造力,为新时代中国青年践行爱国理想做出了可贵的榜样。
青春的色彩永远是社会最亮丽的底色,年轻一代更应发扬创新和不惧困苦的精神,抓住时机,发挥自身特长,成为社会前行最可依托的力量。这些新青年的选择让我们有理由相信,中国的青年能够担起国家富强、民族复兴的重任,能够助力打造中国美好的未来!
2.编者按 【典型例题】2012国家省级一题(2)
【题目】给定资料8”介绍了最近社会上涌现出的先进人物事迹,某单位党委决定编印一期《内部学习资料》,宣传他们的事迹,号召本单位全体人员向先进人物学习。请你为这期《内部学习资料》撰写一则“编者按”。(10分)
要求:概括全面、准确,揭示各位先进人物的精神实质;不超过200字。【参考答案】
【编者按】随着经济的发展,许多冷漠的行为让人心寒,但总有一些人会带给我们温暖。作为包工头的孙先生为给农民工发工钱路上遇难,其弟帮助哥哥完成遗愿,这是对诚信的坚守;希望小学徐老师身患重病仍坚持在教育岗位并资助孩童,这是爱心的奉献;“最美妈妈”吴女士舍身救下从楼上掉下的孩子,这是善良勇敢的流露。他们身上的优良品质值得每位公民学习,作为共产党员,我们更应该起到模范带头作用,和他们一起书写美好的明天。
3.通知
【典型例题】2013江西问题三
【题目】结合材料7,以A县政府的名义,就做好农民工春节返乡安全工作草拟一份通知。要求:格式正确,内容完整,措施有效,语言规范,300~500字。(30分)【参考答案】
关于做好农民工春节返乡安全工作的通知
各乡镇政府,县政府各部门:
农民工为我县的经济建设和社会发展做出了重大贡献。为进一步做好农民工春节返乡安全工作,让广大农民工及时、安全、有序返乡,现将有关事项通知如下:
一、高度重视,形成合力
高度重视春节期间农民工平安返乡工作。做好这项工作是维护社会稳定和安全的需要,各部门要形成合力,保证农民工平安有序返乡。
二、优化服务,有序返乡
优化农民工春节返乡安全服务工作,采取多项措施,做到安全有序:
1.做好“摩托车返乡”农民工服务工作,设立农民工返乡爱心服务点,提供便民服务和救助;加强交通安全疏导;建立志愿者服务队伍。
2.组织农民工团体购票,为农民工较多的企业提供上门售票服务,提供农民工专列和专车。
3.加强对生活困难的农民工群体的帮扶工作,为其提供返乡资助。
三、完善城乡一体化建设
加快推动城乡一体化改革,逐步实现农民工在劳动报酬、子女就学、公共卫生、住房租购以及社会保障方面与城镇居民享有同等待遇,让农民工真正融入城镇生活。
农民工返乡工作,关系着农民工的切身利益,各有关部门要切实将各项要求落到实处。
A县人民政府办公室 ╳╳年╳╳月╳╳日
(二)新题型预测
1.会议纪要
会议纪要是用于记载、传达会议情况和议定事项的公文。它不同于会议记录,对企事业单位、机关团体都适用。
纪要是根据会议指导思想和会议记录,将会议召开的基本情况,研究决定的主要问题,进行加工、提炼、概括、整理而写成的一种书面文字材料。它是传达贯彻会议精神的主要依据,由会议主办单位或上级领导单位加批语下发,具有公文的某些性质与职能。
纪要的写作,其篇章结构分标题、正文和落款三部分,其中正文是纪要的主体部分,是对会议的主要内容、主要精神、主要原则以及基本结论和今后任务等进行具体的综合和阐述。纪要的正文部分包含导言、主体、结语三个部分,这也是与申论题目联系最为紧密的一部分。
(1)写作导言——简要介绍会议概况
导言部分,主要介绍会议召开的目的,由哪个单位召开了什么会议,会议于什么时间,在什么地点召开,会议就哪些主要问题进行了讨论,什么领导在会上讲了话或总结,会议效果如何等。这部分主要是交代会议的基本情况,要写得简明、概括。
(2)写作主体——具体阐述会议内容 主体部分,写会议上反映的情况、研究的问题、作出的决定性意见和解决问题的措施等。行政纪要,只要把会议讨论和决定的问题归纳概括出来即可。而工作纪要和座谈会议纪要,则需要把与会人的发言加以综合整理,进行有层次、有条理的反映。
纪要的写作,主体部分的每个段落之首,往往冠以“会议认为”“会议强调”“会议“会议指出”等习惯性的开头语。这些习惯用语起连接和强调作用。
同时,每一个问题都必须有观点,有材料,有分析,有结论,还要有解决问题的办法与措施,使之言之成理,行之有效,有一定说服力。
(3)写作结语——提出希望要求
结语部分,写会议号召,或突出会议的意义、作用,或交代悬而未决的问题。有时还写明主办单位对贯彻会议精神的一些要求、对会议做出简要评价等。
2.计划
计划是党政机关、社会团体、企事业单位和个人为了实现某项目标和完成某项任务而事先做的安排和打算,真实反映着考生提出和解决问题的能力。
这里我们重点介绍计划正文的写法,它包含前言、主体、结语三部分,与我们作答申论相关题目联系最为紧密。
(1)写作前言——点明计划背景目的 前言的重点即在于点明计划制定的目的,让执行人充分认识计划的重要性,这一部分我们写作时需要言简意赅,着重介绍计划制定的背景、目的。(2)写作主体——讲清计划内容
主体,即计划的具体内容,这是我们制定计划的重点。这部分内容与提出对策题的作答颇为相似,但对对策的要求更高。具体来说,计划主体构成如下:
做什么+何时做+由谁做+怎么做 第一步,做什么。即需要考生提出微观目标。任何一项宏观计划都有众多微观目标组成,为了确保计划的实现,考生需要写清大计划中的小目标。
第二步,何时做。即完成任务的起止时限。我国政府在改革行政管理体制中,最重视工作效率的提升,考生写明对策时,需要明确标注完成计划的起止时限。
第三步,由谁做。即写明完成任务的具体部门或工作人员。机关事业单位各司其职,各负其责,拟定计划时需要确保将工作任务“安排”给了正确的部门,考生需要了解国家机关中各部门的管理职责,避免“张冠李戴”。
第四步,怎么做。即完成任务的具体方法。这部分内容针对做什么提出,考生需要确保计划对策内容的针对性,保证通过“怎么做”可以实现“做什么”的目标实现。(3)写作结语——确保计划执行
结语一般有两种情况:一种是提出希望和要求;另一种是不另写结语,计划事项写完后就自然结束。
3.请示 请示,是指下级机关向上级机关请求指示、批准事项使用的文种,是应用写作实践中的一种常用文体。请示的适用范围主要包括:下级机关请求上级机关对某项工作、问题作出指示,对某项政策界限给予明确,对某事予以审核批准。请示可分为解决某种问题的请示和请求批准某种事项的请示。
请示的作答难度较大,作为机关事业单位常见的文书形式,撰写一份请示,需要点明请示的缘由,无论是求示性请示还是求批性请示都必须讲清请示的具体事项。写好请示不仅能展现提出问题能力、综合分析能力,更能彰显贯彻执行能力。
这里我们重点介绍请示正文的写法,它包含请示缘由、事项、结语三部分。(1)开头——点明请示缘由
开头主要交代请示的缘由。它是请示事项能否成立的前提条件,也是上级机关批复的主要依据。这部分要从陈述原因开始,目的在于为请示事项提供充分的根据,是请示全文的导语,应开门见山。原因要讲得客观、具体,理由要讲得合理、充分。(2)主体——讲清请示事项
主体是陈述请示事项的部分,也是请示最核心、最重要的部分。
请求指示的请示,主体要写明想在哪些具体问题、哪些方面得到指示。
请求批准的请示,要把要求批准的事项分条列项一一写明。这部分事项重点在于说明要怎么办,提出本单位的具体建议,供上级机关定夺。如果在请求批准的同时还需要人、财、物等方面的支持和帮助,则需要把编制、数量、途径等表达清楚,以便上级及时批准。(3)结语——明确提出要求
请示的结语一般比较简单,在主体之后,另起一段,采用征询的语气和期许的语言,明确提出请求上级机关予以指示、批准或批复的要求。常用规范用语如“上述请示,是否妥当,请批示”“特此申请,请予批复”。