第一篇:英语会议口译翻译技巧
英语会议口译翻译技巧
一、动宾连接原则
考生在翻译动宾短语的时候,应先考虑宾语的成分。宾语可能为名词、名词词组和句子。不同成分的宾语决定了谓语的使用。比如在以下例子中“希望”的选择面很大,既可以用hope连接句子,也可以用hope for,look forward to等连接名词词组,那么考生就得考虑宾语更容易翻译成词组或句子。因此,动宾连接原则的核心思想是“先宾语,后谓语”,翻译会豁然开朗。
中国人民始终希望天下太平,希望各国人民友好相处。
二、时态原则
时态在翻译中比不像想象中那么简单,往往是考试中的一个难点。时态有时可以体现一种感情因素,特别是进行时的使用,比如在第一个例子中现在进行时的使用体现出对中华民族的一种褒扬、赞美的口吻,翻译出了这句话的“精、气、神”,最后一个例子中过去进行时时常表示一种“特有的行为”,通常是偏向于negative的口吻,所以我们发现这句话十有八九是美国人自己写的。
三、主语确定原则
由于英语是主语显著语(subject-prominent language),构建在主谓轴(subject-predicate pivot)上,主语决定了句法结构;汉语为语义性语言,其中主语的重要性相对较低,无主语的现象比比皆是。因此在汉英转化中最重要的就是确定主语,主语选择成功了,句子越翻越顺;选择失败,考生越翻越累。主语的确定归根结底有三种方法:使用原主语;重新确定主语;增补主语。
四、谓语最小化原则
在汉译英中,动词的考察是必然的。其中动词和其他成分的转换也是重中之重。如果考生把所有的动词都翻译成动词的话,只能说明其还属于“入门”境界。因此在第一个例子中共出现7个动词,而在译文中只保留了4个动词。所以我们在翻译中一定要注意动词和其他词性的转换,常见减少谓语的方法有: a)把动词变成名词 b)使用介词短语 c)使用分词短语
d)多使用to表示目的的状语
e)把并列谓语中最后一个谓语处理成“,which”的非限制性定语从句
虽然以上这些方法从本质上讲都是些小打小闹的“噱头”,但是不重视谓语的省略一定不会取得理想的成绩。
五、动宾换序原则
在英译汉中,遇上特别长的宾语,初学者总是根据语法习惯亦步亦趋地处理主、谓、宾,结果造成庞大的宾语,头轻脚重,特别不符合汉语的习惯,汉语之所以不喜欢宾语从句,在于汉语喜用主谓短句,对于较长的宾语,一般有两种处理方式:一是把谓语变成直接能够接宾语的表达形式,如react to不必翻译成“对„作出反应”,可变成“面对„”,这种方法在口译中常常出现,因为口译往往无暇考虑句式的大变动;二是把宾语先译出,然后再译出主谓,如第一个例子,或使用谓语的相反含义,再接上原主语,如第二个例子,sustain表示“决定了”,那反义短语就是“取决于”。
六、句群逻辑关系原则
汉译英中的疑点就是处理句群关系,从逻辑上区分通常有六种: a)表示原因关系
“因为„所以”,“因此„”,“由于„”b)表示转折关系
“虽然„但是„”,“然而(不过)„” c)表示条件关系
“如果„”,“假如„”,“只要„就„”,“一旦„” d)表示让步关系
“尽管„”,“就算„也„”,“即使„也„” e)表示时间先后关系 “„之后”,“接着„” f)表示结果关系 “从而„”,“导致„”
七、连接原则
高口翻译难度的侧重点在近几年发生了一个转换:从以前追求成语、俗语到现在语体、语言风格的怪异,比如老舍和钱钟书的“自传”。语言的绝对难度不难,但是形式游散,不容易连接成逻辑感强烈的英语。英语重形合,汉语重意合。所以连接原则首先要求考生具备强烈的“逻辑”使命感,多加连词,两三句之内就要考虑句群的关系,其次考生还要具备合句和缩句的能力,抓住主要谓语,最后换序译法也是考生必需的技能,有时突出重点,调整句序,也是必不可少的。
八、减少of原则
汉译英中,一出现“„的”许多学生立马想到of„的架构,这种思维模式主要是受到了所属关系的影响。of在英语当中主要是所属关系,而“„的”不仅有所属关系,而且有包含关系等,因此我们在翻译中要看清句子的主主语——真正意义上的主语,而不必选择句子的次主语——语法上的主语。比如在第一个例子中,主主语是“楼”,而次主语才是“质量”,因此如把此句翻成The quality of the building is poor.虽然也没有错,在考试中也不一定会扣分,但还是显得比较业余。另外在最后一个例子中,译文如译成The development of our relations has made us not only close fiends but also brothers,就显得特别地功利,好像表示我们关系的发展使我们成为兄弟了,而不是我们的关系。总而言之,我们并不是要刻意地减少of架构,而是把一些非定语关系的of架构转化为其它成分。
九、名词词组与分句互译原则
汉语中的两大成分地位较低,分别是宾语和定语。在英译汉中,较长的宾语从句常常会转化为名词词组,比如在第一个例句中的“how”如果翻译为“如何化去税款”这个宾语从句,在汉语中就显得不伦不类,所有一些5W1H的疑问词基本上都有可能转化为名词,如when(时间),where(地点),who(人选),why(原因)。此外,对于修饰语较多的名词性短语,汉语也不喜欢用定语进行堆砌,而偏向用简单的主谓短语,如第二个例子中把“the most skepticaGates”翻译成“一个持怀疑态度的盖茨”,就不如变成主谓短语“盖茨对此持怀疑态度”。
十、要词原则
无论是中口还是高口翻译篇章中,都有一些貌似十分简单的词,但这些词往往是这篇文章的杀手锏,难度往往高于那些成语、俗语和专业词。比如在第一个例子中的collectively,一般的译者马上会理解为“总而言之”“概括起来”的意思,只有当读完整句的时候,才明白是把亚洲国家整体经济规模“累加”起来,其中进行了转性译法,把副词转换为形容词或名词。这种词在每次考试中至少会有一个,可以被认为是拉开差距的地方。考生如能发现其中的“弦外之音”,将会极大的鼓舞自己的士气。
第二篇:翻译公司英语口译考试技巧探讨(本站推荐)
翻译公司英语口译考试技巧探讨
英语口译较笔译有更高的现场实践能力要求,很多人通过了口译考试,但是不一定能做好现场翻译。考试技巧固然重要,因为通过了这个门槛才有机会进入翻译这个行业,当然,更重要的锻炼实际操作能力,因为英语口译要求译员具备相当深厚的基本功和非常丰富的实践经验,另外还需要出色的心理素质。
众所周知,英语口译考试考查的是考试者的当场的即兴应变能力、短时记忆能力、瞬间的信息捕捉能力和在两种语言间的快速转换能力。在英语口译考试中,考试者除了应具备良好的语言修养和扎实的语言基本功之外,实用的考试技巧也起着非常重要的作用。以下方略不仅针对考试,而且在以后的口译实践中也有一定指导意义。
一、具备基本的语言素养
1、英汉基本功要求。作为口译工作者,首先要对中文运筹帷幄,其次是具有深厚的英语口语和听力基本功。很多学生不注重汉语的学习,考试或者工作时就会暴露出许多问题。例如:“萝卜青菜,各有所爱”因为翻译员对中文的把握不足,被误译成了“Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage”,而正确的翻译应该是“Tastes differ”。
2、文风把握要求。无论英文还是中文都有不同的文风特点,不同的文风特点具有不同的表达特点。应试者应当熟悉英汉各种文风特点的表达特点,才能在英汉语言转换中符合原文的要求,达到恰当得体,使译文的文风与原文的文风恰如其缝。
3、专业词汇把握要求。同学们应当把握特定的表达方式,比如一些中国特有的术语,例如:“温饱工程—Decent-Life Project”、“乱摊派,乱收费—Imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge”、“火锅Chafing dish”等。这些术语都是需要同学们日积月累地去丰富。
二、实现有效的英语翻译笔录
英语口译笔录是辅助记忆的方法,记笔录一定要遵循“大脑记忆为主,笔录为辅”的基本原则。在听讲过程中用简略的文字或符号记录下发言内容中能刺激记忆的关键词,掌握表述内容的前因后果和上下文逻辑关系,以及其他细节,比如数字、地点、人名等等。
1、采用简写。比如:U.K.(the United Kingdom);dept(department);edu(education)等,这是最为常用的做笔录方法。
2、采用箭头符号。比如:↑表示“上升、快速上升、快速发展、快速上涨等”↓表示“下降、减少、急剧下降、急速下跌等”;↗表示“缓慢上升,缓慢发展、缓慢上涨等”;←表示“返回,倒退等”→表示“达到,至,导致,前进等”等。
3、采用数学符号。比如:+表示“加,增加,此外,另外,又加之”;-表示“减少,减”;>表示“多于,大于,强于”;<表示“少于,小于,不如”;∵表示“因为,由于”;∴表示“所以,因此”;=表示“等于,相同,与……相同”。
4、记录数字。比如:t表示thousand;m表示million;b表示 billion;1st表示first等。
5、自己创造符号。比如:“powerful country”记作“强□”,“我同意”记作“I√”等。
做笔录是一个因人而异的问题,理论上以目标语加符号为宜,用目标语记录能够帮助考生脱离源语的语言外壳,使笔录成为表达的雏形,为表达提供便利。值得注意的是,无论用源语还是目标语,缩略语还是符号,关键是要能将记录下来的内容能够具备原文的逻辑关系,能够复原成完整正确的信息,千万不能造成识别的误区,如果自己做的笔录自己不认识那就会适得其反了。
三、灵活地应用英语翻译技巧
1、词性转换法。英语翻译中,词性不能完全保持形式上的对等,要在必要和适当的时候灵活变通,增加译文的可读性。比如说,动词和形容词、形容词和副词之间的互换等等。
2、层层拆译法。英语翻译中,往往有好几个从句或者好几个形容词和介词词组结合起来的结构较为复杂的句子,这往往是考点所在。对此,应采取层层分解的办法,将长句分解。
3、增减重复法。要体现结构的严谨和节奏的完美,翻译实践中,有必要对有些内容在正确理解的基础上予以增加、重复或删减。
4、分合变序法。对于长句,不能一味地遵循原文的顺序,而是要重新进行调整,并根据情况分解合并。
5、糅合省略法。在并列结构较多的场合,同义语类没必要一一译出,而应该采取整合覆盖的办法,使译文简单明了,节奏鲜明。
英语口译是一种语言技能,应试者应当注重实践锻炼,在此基础上形成自己独特的笔录方式,在口译实际工作中持续改进,并通过灵活的口译技巧提高翻译质量。在平时的翻译理论学习中,大家要注重理论和实践相结合,总结经验,克服口译怯场心里,提高现场灵活应对思维,将口译工作做的尽善尽美。
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第三篇:英语口译翻译原则
新东方口译:http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet440/
英语口译翻译原则
一、英语口译翻译原则:时态原则
1)考生在翻译动宾短语的时候,应先考虑宾语的成分。宾语可能为名词、名词词组和句子。不同成分的宾语决定了谓语的使用。比如在以下例子中“希望”的选择面很大,既可以用hope连接句子,也可以用hope for,look forward to等连接名词词组,那么考生就得考虑宾语更容易翻译成词组或句子。因此,动宾连接原则的核心思想是“先宾语,后谓语”,翻译会豁然开朗。中国人民始终希望天下太平,希望各国人民友好相处。
The Chinese people are always looking forward to global peace and friendship among all nations.The Chinese people are always hoping that the world is at peace and people of all nations will coexist friendlily.2)时态原则
时态在翻译中比不像想象中那么简单,往往是考试中的一个难点。时态有时可以体现一种感情因素,特别是进行时的使用,比如在第一个例子中现在进行时的使用体现出对中华民族的一种褒扬、赞美的口吻,翻译出了这句话的“精、气、神”,最后一个例子中过去进行时时常表示一种“特有的行为”,通常是偏向于 negative的口吻,所以我们发现这句话十有八九是美国人自己写的。中华民族历来爱好自由和和平。
The Chinese people have always been cherishing freedom and peace.The Chinese people always cherish freedom and peace.The Chinese people are always cherishing freedom and peace.中国过去是、现在是、将来是„„ China was and remains to be …
中国人民更深感自由与和平的珍贵。
The Chinese people have cherished freedom and peace than ever.届时,„„ At that time, ……
到2007年,上海市人均国内生产总值预计达到7500美元。
By 2007, the per capita GDP in Shanghai is expected to reach US$7500.As a result we were going to be living in a fundamentally unmanaged economic system.从而我们可能要生活在一个根本无法掌控的经济体制中。
After all, China and Cuba and other targets of U.S.–led criticism in the committee were always going to vote and lobby against Washington.毕竟中国、古巴等一些在人权委员会中受到以美国为首批评的国家,总是投票或游说反对美国政府。
二、英语口译翻译原则:主语确定原则
由于英语是主语显著语(subject-prominent language),构建在主谓轴(subject-predicate pivot)上,主语决定了句法结构;汉语为语义性语言,其中主语的重要性相对较低,无主语的现象比比皆是。因此在汉英转化中最重要的就是确定主语,主语选择成功了,句子越翻越顺;选择失败,考生越翻越累。主语的确定归根结底有三种方法:使用原主语;重新确定主语;增补主语。这一目标的实现,最直接的应该是老百姓住得更宽敞了,更舒服了。
The citizens will live more spaciously and comfortably, benefiting most directly from achieving the goal.The idea of a national ID, however, was locked out of earlier drafts of legislation by a coalition of civil rights and ethnic groups, who opposed a requirement that all non-citizens carry identifying documents.新东方口译:http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet440/
然而,持自由论观点的民众和少数民族反对一切美国公民必须随身携带身份证的规定,他们结成联盟,推翻了立法的最初几次草案中关于实施全国统一身份证的主张。
其实,撇开数学,绕过那一大堆公式,一门学科的基本思想还是可以被我们理解和欣赏的。
To be frank, if we leave aside mathematics and bypass the abundant formulas, the basic principles of the discipline(of science)are understandable and appreciable.They cannot control who crosses their borders either physically or culturally.无论是外人入境,或是文化入侵,政府都已无能为力。
They have been increasingly chagrined by Washington’s tendency to ignore the international consensus on issues ranging from the use of land mines to the Kyoto climate change treaty.从地雷禁用条款到京都防止气候变暖条约等一些列问题,美国政府总是对国际舆论置若罔闻,使得这些(倒戈)国家越来越失望/懊恼。
三、英语口译翻译原则:谓语最小化原则
谓语最小化原则
在汉译英中,动词的考察是必然的。其中动词和其他成分的转换也是重中之重。如果考生把所有的动词都翻译成动词的话,只能说明其还属于“入门”境界。因此在第一个例子中共出现7个动词,而在译文中只保留了4个动词。所以我们在翻译中一定要注意动词和其他词性的转换,常见减少谓语的方法有:
a)把动词变成名词
b)使用介词短语
c)使用分词短语
d)多使用to表示目的的状语
e)把并列谓语中最后一个谓语处理成“,which”的非限制性定语从句 虽然以上这些方法从本质上讲都是些小打小闹的“噱头”,但是不重视谓语的省略一定不会取得理想的成绩。
今年的亚太经济贸易合作组织会议将主要侧重两个方面:一是加强亚太经合组织成员之间的合作,共同应对可能出现的经济衰退,重树信心;二是继续推进亚太经合组织贸易投资自由化进程,推动世界贸易组织尽早开始新一轮谈判。
The APEC meeting in this year will focus mainly on two aspects: one is on strengthening the cooperation among all APEC members to cope with the possible economic recession with rebuilt-up confidence;the other is on promoting the liberalization of trade and investment among all APEC members for the start of a new round of negotiations by WTO.显然,许多美国的传统支持国家没有投票支持美国,以此对美国奉行单边主义表示不满。
Many traditional U.S.supporters clearly withdrew their votes to signal displeasure over U.S.unilateralism.动宾换序原则
在英译汉中,遇上特别长的宾语,初学者总是根据语法习惯亦步亦趋地处理主、谓、宾,结果造成庞大的宾语,头轻脚重,特别不符合汉语的习惯,汉语之所以不喜欢宾语从句,在于汉语喜用主谓短句,对于较长的宾语,一般有两种处理方式:一是把谓语变成直接能够接宾语的表达形式,如react to不必翻译成“对„作出反应”,可变成“面对„”,这种方法在口译中常常出现,因为口译往往无暇考虑句式的大变动;二是把宾语先译出,然后再译出主谓,如第一个例子,或使用谓语的相反含义,再接上原主语,如第二个例子,sustain表示“决定了”,那反义短语就是“取决于”。
The rest of the world will have to react to this millennial economic shift to Asia, and to the rising power of 新东方口译:http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet440/
China.在新千年,经济重心将向亚洲转移,中国将迅速崛起,世界其他地区将不得不对此做出反应。
The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university.研究生是否存在,大学是否存在资金偿还能力,这些都取决于项目预算。
四、英语口译翻译原则:句群逻辑关系原则
汉译英中的疑点就是处理句群关系,从逻辑上区分通常有六种: a)表示原因关系
“因为„所以”,“因此„”,“由于„” b)表示转折关系
“虽然„但是„”,“然而(不过)„”
c)表示条件关系
“如果„”,“假如„”,“只要„就„”,“一旦„”
d)表示让步关系
“尽管„”,“就算„也„”,“即使„也„”
e)表示时间先后关系
“„之后”,“接着„”
f)表示结果关系
“从而„”,“导致„”
经过二十多年的快速发展,中国西部地区已奠定了一定的物质技术基础,社会保持稳定,市场经济体制正在逐步建立和完善,为西部经济持续快速增长创造了有利的市场环境。
Thanks to the rapid development in the past 20-plus years, a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology has been laid in the western region of China.The rapid development in the past 20-plus years witnesses a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology in the western region of China 中国将致力于建设国家创新体系,通过营造良好的环境,推进知识创新、技术创新和体制创新,这是中国实现跨世纪发展的必由之路。
Through creating a favorable background, China will be devoted to building a national system for innovation to promote the innovation in knowledge, technology and system, which is the only path/indispensable/essential for China to achieve cross-century/trans-century/century-crossing/turn-of-the-century development.五、英语口译翻译原则:连接原则
连接原则
高口翻译难度的侧重点在近几年发生了一个转换:从以前追求成语、俗语到现在语体、语言风格的怪异,比如老舍和钱钟书的“自传”。语言的绝对难度不难,但是形式游散,不容易连接成逻辑感强 新东方口译:http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet440/
烈的英语。英语重形合,汉语重意合。所以连接原则首先要求考生具备强烈的“逻辑”使命感,多加连词,两三句之内就要考虑句群的关系,其次考生还要具备合句和缩句的能力,抓住主要谓语,最后换序译法也是考生必需的技能,有时突出重点,调整句序,也是必不可少的。书无所不读,全无所惑,并不着急,教书做事,均甚认真,往往吃亏,也不后悔。
Not vexed by reading comprehensively though futilely, I deal seriously with teaching and handling affairs and have no regret for suffering losses.中国加入世界贸易组织的谈判已经进行了15年了。中国的立场始终如一。
China has been engaged in the talks for entry into the WTO for 15 years with its consistent stance.减少of原则
汉译英中,一出现“„的”许多学生立马想到of„的架构,这种思维模式主要是受到了所属关系的影响。of在英语当中主要是所属关系,而“„的” 不仅有所属关系,而且有包含关系等,因此我们在翻译中要看清句子的主主语——真正意义上的主语,而不必选择句子的次主语——语法上的主语。比如在第一个例子中,主主语是“楼”,而次主语才是“质量”,因此如把此句翻成The quality of the building is poor.虽然也没有错,在考试中也不一定会扣分,但还是显得比较业余。另外在最后一个例子中,译文如译成The development of our relations has made us not only close fiends but also brothers,就显得特别地功利,好像表示我们关系的发展使我们成为兄弟了,而不是我们的关系。总而言之,我们并不是要刻意地减少of架构,而是把一些非定语关系的of架构转化为其它成分。
楼的质量不好。
The building is not well built.经济全球化的深入发展和科学技术的迅猛进步
the furthering economic globalization and rapid/swift/speedy/prompt development of science and technology 中国的富强和发展不会对任何国家构成威胁。
A strong, prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any countries.我们之间关系的发展,使我们不仅成为亲密的朋友,而且成为兄弟。
Our relations have so grown that bind us not only as close friends but also as brothers.六、英语口译翻译原则:名词词组与分句互译原则
汉语中的两大成分地位较低,分别是宾语和定语。在英译汉中,较长的宾语从句常常会转化为名词词组,比如在第一个例句中的“how”如果翻译为“ 如何化去税款”这个宾语从句,在汉语中就显得不伦不类,所有一些5W1H的疑问词基本上都有可能转化为名词,如when(时间),where(地点),who(人选),why(原因)。此外,对于修饰语较多的名词性短语,汉语也不喜欢用定语进行堆砌,而偏向用简单的主谓短语,如第二个例子中把 “the most skeptical Gates”翻译成“一个持怀疑态度的盖茨”,就不如变成主谓短语“盖茨对此持怀疑态度”。
They provide a means by which wealthy people and corporations can in effect decide how their tax payments will be spent.基金会提供了一种方式,可以让有钱人和大公司能实际支配花去税款的方式。
But the most skeptical Gates of the new millennium is someone who evinces a passion for giving and government aid.但新千年盖茨对此持怀疑态度,热衷于施舍和政府援助。新东方口译:http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet440/
Now, the debate has shifted away from the ethics of baby-making and toward the morality of cloning embryos for their cells and tissues, which might be used to treat diseases.现在,争论已经从制造婴儿是否违背伦理,转到为提取用于治疗疾病的细胞和组织而克隆胚胎是否违背道德。
But such self-interest is hardly enlightened.但这种做法只考虑个人利益,自然难以获得支持。
The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university.研究生是否存在,大学是否存在资金偿还能力,这些都取决于项目预算。
七、英语口译翻译原则:要词原则
无论是中口还是高口翻译篇章中,都有一些貌似十分简单的词,但这些词往往是这篇文章的杀手锏,难度往往高于那些成语、俗语和专业词。比如在第一个例子中的collectively,一般的译者马上会理解为“总而言之”“概括起来”的意思,只有当读完整句的时候,才明白是把亚洲国家整体经济规模“累加 ”起来,其中进行了转性译法,把副词转换为形容词或名词。这种词在每次考试中至少会有一个,可以被认为是拉开差距的地方。考生如能发现其中的“弦外之音 ”,将会极大的鼓舞自己的士气。
Collectively, the Asian Countries will have a larger economy than the rest of the world put together.亚洲国家的经济总量将超过其他国家地区的总和。
From a small beginning at the turn of the century „„
本世纪初,基金会的数量并不多。
Inside these nations there will be mass prosperity, but with a large minority in serious poverty, and a small number who are very rich.这些国家虽然呈现出欣欣向荣的态势,但其中还有许多处于极端贫穷的弱势人口,还有少部分人口极端富有。
l The major feature of project money, whether its source is government or business, is that it is given on a contractual basis, a different contract for each project, so that the investigator’s independence rests upon his capacity to secure a succession of contracts.无论来自于政府或商界,项目资金的重要特点是其建立在契约上,即不同的项目可以争取相同的项目资金,因此调研人员要取得独立,就必须得到连续的研究项目。
The resulting patchwork of laws, people on all sides of the issue say, complicates a nationwide picture already clouded by scientific and ethnical questions over whether and how to restrict cloning or to ban it altogether.在克隆问题上各方人士认为,关于是否限制克隆、如何限制克隆或索性禁止克隆的科学及伦理问题,已经使全国性立法变得扑朔迷离。而如今各种东拼西凑的法律,只会使全国性立法形成步履维艰。新东方口译:http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet440/
A law that goes into effect on Jan.1 allows computer users in the state to refuse unwanted solicitations en masse and sue spammers who violate their wishers for as much as $1 million.1月1日,加州通过一条法律,使得计算机用户有权拒收垃圾邮件,并对邮件发送者提出诉讼,要求最高达一百万美元的赔偿。
第四篇:英语高级口译翻译推荐复习材料范文
Secretary-General's remarks to the Memorial Ceremony in honour of those killed in the Haiti earthquake New York, 9 March 2010 联合国秘书长潘基文在纪念海地地震牺牲人员追悼会上的讲话 Excellencies, Dear colleagues, Dear friends, Above all, dear families of those to whom we sadly bid farewell: 各位来宾,亲爱的同事们,亲爱的朋友们,最重要的是,我们沉痛道别的人员的亲属们:
Let us begin by thanking the families and friends who have traveled far to be with us.To those who could not be here, please know that our hearts are with you.首先,我们要感谢不辞辛劳前来参加追悼会的亲属和朋友们,并对不能前来的亲属和朋友们说,我们与你们心心相连。
We are joined by duty stations around the world ? the men and women of our proud United Nations.Among them are the members of our UN mission in Haiti, who have carried on despite their pain and hardship.I thank Mr.Edmond Mulet and his courageous staff who are working tirelesslyfamilies and friends, colleagues and loved ones.他们从世界各个角落、各界各层来到海地。但他们却有一个共同的信念,这就是,坚信海地人民有更好的未来,而且怀着帮助海地人民建设这样一个未来的共同决心。现在,通过我们,也就是通过他们的家人和朋友、同事和亲近的人,这101人在这个大厅里最后相聚。
The world knew them as trusted diplomats, dedicated humanitarians and conscientious professionals.They were doctors and drivers, police officers and policy advisers, soldiers and lawyers, each contributing to the mission, each in his or her own way.对于世界而言,他们是值得信赖的外交官,乐于奉献的人道主义工作者,有良知的专业人员。他们是医生和司机、警官和政策顾问、士兵和律师,每个人都以自己的方式为执行特派任务做贡献。
To us they were even more.We knew them, very personally.We knew their smiles, their songs, their dreams.Now we cannot forget the last email, the last conversation, the last meal together, the last au revoir.Their words echo: “Don't worry about me.This is where I need to be.” 对我们而言,他们远远不止是这些。我们彼此相识相知。我们记得他们的音容笑貌,他们的歌声,他们的梦想。我们怎能忘记他们发出的最后电邮,与他们的最后交谈,与他们的最后聚餐,与他们最后一次道别。他们道别的话语仍然在耳边回响:―不要为我担忧。这正是我应去的地方。‖
At the United Nations, we don't simply share office space;we share a passion for a better world.So it is no surprise that many of these 101 paths criss-crossed the globe through the years.In Cambodia and the DRC.Eritrea and East Timor.Kosovo and Sierra Leone.Whether they came to Haiti, or came from Haiti, they knew that hope shines in even the darkest corners.And so they chased the flame.Wherever they went, they carried the light of hope.And as they fulfilled their mission in Haiti, they illuminated a profound truth: Earthquakes are a force of nature, but people move the world.在联合国,我们共享的不仅是办公空间,我们还共享建设美好世界的热情。正因为如此,多年来,在这101人中,许多人的足迹遍布全球各地。在柬埔寨和刚果民主共和国,在厄立特里亚和东帝汶,在科索沃和塞拉利昂,处处可见他们的足迹。无论是来自其他国家,还是来自海地本土,他们都明白,即使在最黑暗的角落,也闪耀着希望。因此,他们奔着希望的火焰而去。他们走到哪里,就把希望的火炬带到那里。他们完成了在海地的任务,同时说明了一个深刻的道理:地震是一种自然力量,但推动世界的是人民。
Today, our hearts are heavy with a burden almost too difficult to bear.Yet perhaps like you, it is gratitude that I feel most of all.今天,我们心情沉重,几乎难以自拔。然而,我感触最深的是感激,这或许与你们的心情相同。
Gratitude to the international community for the spontaneous, whole-hearted and unstinting support in the face of this tragedy.我们感激国际社会在此悲痛时刻自发地、由衷地和慷慨地给予支持。
Gratitude to the rescue teams, aid workers, governments and NGOs [Non-Governmental Organizations] that rallied to our side, determined to help Haiti to recover and, in time, to ―build back better.‖
我们感激各国救援队、救援人员和政府支持我们,他们决心帮助海地复原,并在今后―重建,并建设得更好‖。Gratitude to the people of Haiti, for their strength, resilience and faith, the faith of human spirit, the spirit that burns in all of us today.我们感激海地人民,他们展现了毅力、韧劲和信念,这是人类精神信念,是今天在我们所有人心中燃烧的信念。I commend and appreciate the leadership of President [Ren閉 Preval and his Government and his people.Gratitude fills this chamber, profound thanks that our world and our lives were touched by the grace and nobility of these 101 UN heroes.这个大厅充满了感激之情。101位联合国英烈的人格魅力和崇高精神打动了世界,影响了我们的生活。我们深深感激他们。Ladies and gentlemen, 女士们,先生们,In life, we are measured by the company we keep.To those here today, let us know that this is our measure.This is the company we keep.To those we have lost, let us say: we will never forget you.We will carry on your work.与什么样的人为伍,是衡量我们人生的一大标杆。我们要对今天聚集在这里的各位说,他们就是标杆,就是我们与之为伍的榜样。我们要对牺牲的人员说,我们永远不会忘记你们。我们将继承你们的遗志。
In a moment we will read out their names, the roll call of highest honour.Look at their pictures.Look into their eyes.Remember their smiles and their dreams.Together we stand, in honour of the victims, and in deepest sympathy for the bereaved.接下来我们将宣读他们的名字,这是最高荣誉的点名仪式。请看看他们的遗照,请看看他们的眼神,请记住他们的笑貌和梦想。我们共同缅怀受难者,向难属表示最深刻的同情。May I now ask you to rise and join me in a minute of silence.Thank you.现在,我请大家起立,与我一道默哀一分钟
9、上海世博会将是探讨人类城市生活的盛会;是一曲以创新和融合为主旋律的交响乐;将成为人类文明的一次精彩对话。Shanghai Expo will be a feast of city life, a symphony of innovation and integration, and a dialogue of human civilization.a prudent monetary policy 稳健的货币政策
亚洲开发银行(Asian Development Bank)周二在其地区报告中警告称,亚洲发展中国家在外汇市场上的大规模干预,可能会导致经济危机再次爆发。
Asia's developing countries are risking a renewed economic crisis by intervening extensively in foreign exchange markets, the Asian Development Bank warned in its annual regional review on Tuesday.亚开行预计:今年亚洲发展中国家经济增长7.5%;随着特殊货币和财政政策效应减弱,2011增幅将微降至7.3%。亚开行向40多个发展中国家提供金融和技术援助。
The ADB, which gives financial and technical assistance to more than 40 developing countries, forecast economic growth of 7.5 per cent this year, moderating slightly to 7.3 per cent in 2011 as the impact of extraordinary monetary and fiscal policies dissipates.然而,亚开行表示,亚洲发展中国家为了保持或提高出口竞争力,对外汇市场进行广泛干预,此举可能危及该地区从全球金融危机中的强劲复苏。
However, the bank said the region's robust recovery from the global financial crisis could be put at risk by widespread intervention in the currency markets by countries seeking to maintain or improve export competitiveness.由亚开行首席经济学家李钟和(Jong-Wha Lee)负责编写的该报告表示,亚洲发展中国家复苏的速度和势头,加上大多数发达国家目前的低利率,推动了―巨额‖短期资本流入前者。
The review, overseen by ADB chief economist Jong-Wha Lee, said the speed and strength of the recovery in developing Asia, together with low interest rates in most developed countries, was prompting ―huge‖ short-term capital inflows.报告称:―鉴于(外汇市场上的)广泛干预和过多的流动性,亚洲各国可能出现实际汇率上涨和经济过热的情况。尤其是(干预可能导致)短期资本流入突然转向,这可能会破坏金融和经济稳定性,从而引发汇率和金融危机。‖
―Given extensive intervention combined with excessive liquidity, real exchange rate appreciation and economic overheating could follow.In particular, the sudden reversal of short-term capital flows [as a result of intervention] could endanger financial and economic stability and bring about a currency and financial crisis,‖ the report said.亚开行发表这些评论之际,中国政府正在考虑美国政府要求人民币升值的呼声——许多议员认为人民币兑美元汇率严重低估。美国政府已经推迟发布可能将中国列为汇率操纵国的报告,而该报告可能引发针对中国的贸易制裁。
The ADB's comments come as Beijing considers demands from Washington for a revaluation of the renminbi, which is regarded by many lawmakers as heavily undervalued against the dollar.The US administration has delayed a report that may brand China a currency manipulator, potentially triggering trade sanctions.然而,亚开行的报告显示,许多其它亚洲货币兑美元汇率也有所低估,反映出在很长一段时间内,许多国家都在大规模干预外汇市场。
However, the ADB report suggested that a large number of other Asian currencies were also undervalued against the dollar, reflecting significant intervention in the foreign exchange markets by many countries over a long period.亚开行指出,虽然各方估算不同,但有证据表明,中国、香港、马来西亚、台湾和新加坡货币兑美元汇率低估逾20%,而菲律宾和台湾货币兑美元汇率低估约10%。该行表示,只有印度尼西亚、韩国和印度货币兑美元汇率似乎略微高估。
Noting that estimates vary, the bank quoted evidence suggesting that the currencies of China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Taiwan and Singapore were more than 20 per cent undervalued against the dollar, while the currencies of the Philippines and Thailand were about 10 per cent undervalued.It said that only Indonesia, South Korea and India had currencies that appeared to be slightly over-valued against the dollar.亚开行表示,要想降低外汇干预导致的资本流动突然转向带来的风险,各国央行应该允许汇率调整至所谓的―均衡水平‖——在这个水平上,经济在完全就业、低通胀和可持续的外部国际收支的环境中运行。The ADB said that to reduce the risks of a sudden reversal of capital flows caused by intervention central banks should allow exchange rates to adjust to the so-called equilibrium level, at which the economy operates at full employment with low inflation and a sustainable external balance of payments position.亚开行引用分析称,人民币升值10%将使中国劳动密集型产品和―加工‖产品出口减少不到4%。―但所有东南亚国家货币升值10%将使(中国)加工产品出口减少10%,‖它说。
It quoted analysis suggesting that a 10 per cent appreciation of the renminbi would reduce labour intensive exports from China and ―processed‖ exports by less than 4 per cent.―But a 10 per cent appreciation of all East and South East Asian currencies would reduce processed exports from [China] by 10 per cent,‖ it said.Good morning.It is an honor for me to join this distinguished group of leaders from nations around the world.We come here in Copenhagen because climate change poses a grave and growing danger to our people.All of you would not be here unless youwere convinced that this danger is real.This is not fiction, it is science.Unchecked, climate change will pose unacceptable risks to our security, our economies, and our planet.This much we know.早上好。十分荣幸能与世界各国尊贵的领导人汇聚一堂。我们来到哥本哈根,是因为气候变化对各国人民构成的严重威胁与日俱增。诸位如果不相信这一危险确实存在,你们──同我一样──都不会来到这里。这不是凭空虚构,这是科学。如果不加以制止,气候变化就将对我们的安全、我们的经济和我们的地球构成不可接受的危险。对此我们都了然于胸。
The question, then, before us is no longer the nature of the challenge--the question is our capacity to meet it.For while the reality of climate change is not in doubt, I have to be honest, as the world watches us today, I think our ability to take collective action is in doubt right now, and it hangs in the balance.因此,我们面临的问题不再是这一挑战的性质,而是我们应对这一挑战的能力。因为尽管气候变化的现实已无庸置疑,但恕我直言,在今天全世界都注视着我们的时候,我认为现在我们共同采取行动的能力还难以确定。这个问题事关生死存亡。
I believe we can act boldly, and decisively, in the face of a common threat.That's why I come here todayby making historic investments in renewable energy;by putting our people to work increasing efficiency in our homes and buildings;and by pursuing comprehensive legislation to transform to a clean energy economy.作为全世界最大的经济体和排放量名列第二的国家,美国在应对气候变化方面有自己的一份责任,我们准备尽这份责任。这就是为什么我们重新在国际气候变化谈判中发挥主导作用的原因。这就是为什么我们与其他国家共同努力,逐步取消化石燃料补贴的原因。这就是为什么我们在国内采取果敢行动的原因──对可再生能源进行前所未有的投资;要求我国相关人员努力提高住宅和建筑物的能效;并争取通过综合立法向清洁能源经济转化。These mitigation actions are ambitious, and we are taking them not simply to meet global responsibilities.We are convinced, as some of you may be convinced, that changing the way we produce and use energy is essential to America's economic futureand only ifone that embraces the principle of common but differentiated responses and respective capabilities.And it adds up to a significant accord--one that takes us farther than we have ever gone before as an international community.减排。透明。融资。这是一个明确的方案──其原则是,共同应对,措施有别,各尽其能。所有这些构筑了一个重要的协议──可以让我们的国际社会取得前所未有的进展。I just want to say to this plenary session that we are running short on time.And at this point, the question is whether we will move forward together or split apart, whether we prefer posturing to action.I'm sure that many consider this an imperfect framework that I just described.No country will get everything that it wants.There are those developing countries that want aid with no strings attached, and no obligations with respect to transparency.They think that the most advanced nations should pay a higher price;I understand that.There are those advanced nations who think that developing countries either cannot absorb this assistance, or that will not be held accountable effectively, and that the world's fastest-growing emitters should bear a greater share of the burden.在这次全会上,我只想说,我们的时间所剩无几。在这个关头,问题在于我们是共同奋进,还是分道扬镳;我们是故作姿态,还是身体力行。我相信,许多人认为我刚才讲述的框架并不完美。任何国家都不可能得到自己希望的一切。有些发展中国家想得到援助,又不想满足任何条件,不想承担保持透明的义务。他们认为最发达的国家应该付出更高的代价;我理解这一点。有些发达国家则认为发展中国家或者没有能力利用这些援助,或者无法有效地承担责任,因此世界上增长最快的排放国应该承担更大的责任。
We know the fault lines because we've been imprisoned by them for years.These international discussions have essentially taken place now for almost two decades, and we have very little to show for it other than an increased acceleration of the climate change phenomenon.The time for talk is over.This is the bottom line: We can embrace this accord, take a substantial step forward, continue to refine it and build upon its foundation.We can do that, and everyone who is in this room will be part of a historicendeavorbut there has to be movement on all sides to recognize that it is better for us to act than to talk;it's better for us to choose action over inaction;the future over the past-and with courage and faith, I believe that we can meet our responsibility to our people, and the future of our planet.Thank you very much.(Applause.)我们准备今天完成这个工作──但所有各方必须行动起来,认识到言辞不如行动;无所作为不如有所行动;拘囿于过去不如着眼于未来──只要有勇气,只要有信心,我相信我们能够肩负起对人民,对我们星球未来的责任。非常感谢。
第五篇:英语数字口译翻译练习
1.In 2001, China's GDP reached 9.5933 trillion yuan, almost tripling that of 1989, representing an average annual increase of 9.3 percent.二00一年,我国国内生产总值达到九万五千九百三十三亿元,比****年增长近两倍,年均增长百分之九点三。注意triple(增长三倍)这样的以非数字形式出现的“数据”,特别要引起注意,类似的还有:double, quadruple [kwɑːˈdruːpl]adj.四倍的;四部分的adj.四倍的;四部分的, tertiary [ˈtɜːrʃieri]adj.第三的, 高等教育的The tertiary industry in our nation has grown rapidly in recent years.近几年我国的第三产业增长很快。Tertiary education follows secondary education.2.Efforts will be made to quadruple the GDP of the year 2000 by 2020.国内生产总值到二0二0年力争比二000年翻两番。
2.The earth's moon is located an average of 239,000 miles from the earth.It has a diameter of 2,136 miles, and its gravity is one-sixth that of earth's.月亮离地球约有239,000英里远,其直径为2136英里,重力为地球的1/6 4.Unemployment has risen to over three million for the first time in six years and analysts expect the jobless total to rise by a further 40,000 this month.Manufacturing output has meanwhile steadied, after a nought point five per cent decrease last month.失业人数六年来首次突破3百万。专家预测本月失业人数约新增4万,而制造业产量继上个月下跌百分之零点五之后已趋稳定。
注意naught(nought)point five = 0.5 naught=0 零的其他形式:zero, O, cypher(cipher), nil, nothing, love(限于网球比分)
5.Except Xinjiang, output value of the secondary industry of other Chinese provinces occupies more than 40% of its GDP, while output value of the tertiary['tɝʃi,ɛri] 第三的industry occupies more than 30% in most of the provinces.除新疆以外,中国其他省份的工业值占GDP的百分之四十几,而第三产业的产值在大部分省份中占有的比值均超过30%。
6.Steel production this week totalled 32 hundred 7 thousand 2 hundred 89 metric tonnes[tʌns], down 1.4% from 33 hundred 2 thousand 1 hundred and 3 tonnes a week earlier but up 9.8% from 29 hundred 8 thousand 100 tonnesin the same week of 2003.本周钢产量总数为327,289公吨,比上一周的332,103公吨下降1.4%,而与2003年同一周的数据298,100公吨比较增加了9.8%。
7.The amount of savings of urban and rural residents have increased over 71.4 per cent from 21.06 billion yuan in 1978 to 1,520.35 billion yuan in 1993.城乡居民的储蓄从1978年的210亿6千万元增加到1993年的1万5千2百零3亿5千万元,上升71.4个百分点。
8.As compared with the same period last year, the price of rice, wheat, maize[meɪz] and soybean rose by 16.2%, 18.1%, 22.8% and 29.5% respectively.与去年同期相比,米,麦,玉米,大豆的价格分别提升了16.2%,18.1%,22.8%和29.5%。9.With over 40,000 US-invested enterprises, the paid-in value of the total US investment in China now stands at 43 billion US dollars.Of the top 500 US companies, more than 400 have come to China, and most of them are making a handsome profit.今天,美国在华投资设立企业超过4万家,实际投资430亿美元。美国500强企业中,已有400多家进入中国,大多数企业获利丰厚。
10.China's GDP in 1997 amounts to US$902 billion.This figure ranks No.7 behind USA(US$7819.3 billion), Japan(US$4223.4 billion), German(US$2115.4 billion), France(US$1393.8 billion), Britain(US$1278.4 billion)and Italy(US$ 1146.2 billion).From 1979 to 1997, China's average annual growth rate is 9.8 percent, 6.5 percentage points higher than that of the world.1997年中国的国民生产总值达到$9020亿美元,在世界排名第七,仅次于美国(US$78,193亿),日本($42,234亿),德国($21,154亿),法国($13,938亿),英国($12,784亿)和意大利($11,462亿),从1979年到1997年,中国的平均年增长率的为9.8%,比世界平均值高出6.5个百分点
注:billion(十亿)可缩写为bn,million为mn
11.In 1999, China's gross domestic product(GDP), which came to only RMB 362.41 billion yuan in 1978, amounted to 7955.3 billion yuan, 20-fold increase over 1978.China ranks No.7 in terms of total supply and demand and No.1 in terms of economic growth rate.1999年,中国的国内生产总值达到79,553亿元,相比1978年的3624亿1千万元,增长了20倍。中国在总供给和需求方面排名世界第七,而在经济增长率上排名第一
注:20-fold 20倍
many-fold 许多倍
12.China hit 9.1 percent in GDP growth in 2003, despite the impact of SARS epidemic[ˈepɪˈdemɪk]n.传染病, a record since the Asian Financial Crisis in the late 1990s.尽管有非典的影响,2003年中国的国内生产总值增长率达9.1%,创18世纪90年代后期亚洲金融危机以来的最高纪录。
13.China contributed to about four percent of the world's total GDP in 2003 by consuming 7.4 percent of the oil, 31 percent of the coal, 27 percent of steel, 25 percent of alumina [əˈluːmɪnə]氧化铝and 40 percent of the cement[sɪˈment]水泥, consumed worldwide.2003年中国的GDP是世界总GDP的4%,消耗了世界7.4%的油,3.1%的煤,27%的钢,25%的氧化铝和40%的水泥.