第一篇:山东省枣庄市薛城区2017-2018学年高一英语上学期期中试题
山东省枣庄市薛城区2017-2018学年高一英语上学期期中试题
考生注意:
1.本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,共150分。考试时间120分钟。
2.请将各题答案填在试卷后面的答题卡上。
第I卷
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Where does the conversation probably take place? A.At home.B.In a shop.C.In a swimming pool.2.On which day doesn’t the man’s son work?
A.Monday, Wednesday and Friday.B.Tuesday, Thursday and Sunday.C.Monday, Friday and Saturday.3.What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? A.Student and teacher.4.What does the man mean? A.The car doesn’t need cleaning.car last time.B.He cleaned the
B.Patient and nurse.C.Lawyer and client.C.Mark should clean the car this time.5.When should the delivery be made to the man?
A.On Sunday.B.On Saturday
C.On Thursday.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6至7题。6.What did the IOC President announce? A.The winner to host the 34 Winter Olympic Games.B.The winner to host the 24 Winter Olympic Games.C.The winner to host the 44 Winter Olympic Games.7.How many more nods did Beijing get than its rival-Almaty? A.Forty.B.Forty-four.C.Four.ththth听第7段材料,回答第8至9题。8.How long does the woman need the car? A.For three weeks.C.For three days.9.Which car does the woman choose? A.The silver one.B.The black one.C.The red one.听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。10.What does the woman want? A.An overcoat.B.A jacket.C.A skirt.11.Who promised to solve the problem for the woman? A.The tailor.B.The manager.C.The tailor’s assistant.B.For
thirteen
days.12.When will the speakers go to the tailor’s?
A.Next Saturday morning.C.Next Sunday morning.听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。13.What are the speakers doing? A.Saying goodbye to each other.B.Waiting for a flight.C.Exchanging their pictures.14.What do we know about Jane? A.She is studying at Cambridge University.B.She will graduate next July.C.She is twenty-one years old.15.Who is the woman’s daughter?
A.Jane.B.Beth.C.Tina.B.Next Saturday afternoon.16.What can we learn from the conversation? A.The man has been traveling on business for a month.B.The man’s son is a college teacher.C.The woman likes playing the piano.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
17.What do restaurants in America seldom accept? A.Cash.B.Checks.C.Credit cards.18.What do we know about popular restaurants? A.They have many reservations every day.B.They serve alcohol to guests under 20.C.They accept reservations for large parties.19.How much should you tip for superior service in a restaurant? A.15%of the total bill.B.20%of the total bill.C.25%of the total bill.20.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A.Americans smoke less than Europeans.B.Asians smoke less than Europeans.C.The legal smoking age in American is 21.第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题,每小题2分;满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A Even at school there had been an unhealthy competition between George and Richard.“I'll be the first millionaire in Coleford!” Richard used to boast.“And you'll be sorry you knew me,” George would reply “because I'll be the best lawyer in town!” George never did become a lawyer and Richard never made any money.Instead both men opened bookshops on opposite sides of Coleford High Street.It was hard to make money from books, which made the competition between them worse.Now with only one bookshop in town, business was better for George.But sometimes
he sat in his narrow, old kitchen and stared out of the dirty window, thinking about his former rival(竞争对手).Perhaps he missed him? George was very interested in old dictionaries, He'd recently found a collector in Australia who was selling a rare first edition.When the parcel arrived, the book was in perfect condition and George was delighted.But while he was having lunch, George glanced at the photo in the newspaper that the book had been wrapped(包装)in.He was astonished——the smiling face was older than he remembered but unmistakable!Trembling, George started reading.“Bookends have bought ten bookstores from their rivals Dylans.The company, owned by multi-millionaire Richard Pike, is now the largest bookseller in Australia.” 21.George and Rivhard were _____ at school.A.roommates B.good friends C.competitors D.booksellers 22.How did George feel about Richard after his disappearance? A.He envied Richard's marriage.B.He thought of Richard from time to time.C.He felt lucky with no rival in town.D.He was guilty of Richard's death.23.George got information about Richard from _____.A.a dictionary collector in Australia B.the latter's rivals Dylans C.a rare first edition of a dictionary
D.the wrapping paper of a book 24.What happened to George and Richard in the end? A.Both George and Richard became millionaires.B.Both of them realized their original dreams.C.George established a successful business while Richard was missing.D.Richard became a millionaire while George had no great success.B Winners Club
You choose to be a winner!The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagers.It has been made to help you better manage your money.The Winners Club is a transaction account(交易账户)where you receive a keycard so you can get to your money 24/7——that's 24 hours a day, 7 days a week!It's a club with impressive features for teenagers: No account keeping fees!You're no millionaire so we don't expect you to pay large fees.In fact, there are no accounts keeping or transaction fees!Excellent interest rates!You want your money to grow.The Winners Club has a good rate of interest which gets even better if you make at least two deposits(储蓄)without taking them out in a month.Convenient Teenagers are busy——we get that.You may never need to come to a bank at all.With the Winners Club you can choose to use handy tellers and to bank from home using the phone and the Internet…You can have money directly deposited into your Winners Club account.This could be your pocket money or your pay from your parttime job!Mega magazine included Along with your regular report, you will receive a FREE magazine full of good ideas to make even more of your money.There are also fantastic offers and competitions(竞争力)only for Winners Club members.The Winners Club is a great choice for teenagers.And it is so easy to join.Simply fill in an application form.You will have to get permission from your parent or guardian(so we can organize that cool keycard)but it is easy.We can't wait to hear from you.It's the best way to choose to be a winner!25.The Winners Club is a bank account intended for _______.A.parents B.teenagers
C.winners D.adults 26.Which of the following is TRUE about the Winners Club? A.Special gifts are ready for parents.B.The bank opens only on work days.C.Services are convenient for its members.D.Fees are necessary for the account keeping.27.The Winners Club provides magazines which ________.A.encourage spending
B.are free to all teenagers
D.help to make more of your money C.are full of adventure stories 28.What is the purpose of this text? A.To set up a club.C.To organize keycards.B.To provide parttime jobs.D.To introduce a new banking service.C When you are curious about something, and want to know more about it, you can use the way of asking questions.Asking questions is the first step to make discoveries and find interesting answers.The steps below can guide you during the research.Step 1 On a note card or a piece of paper, write down the subject that you are interested in.Just get the main idea down.For example, you might write: Discover more about dinosaurs.Step 2 Stop and think for a moment about what you already know about your subject.List what you already know like the sentences below: 1.Dinosaurs lived long before human beings appeared.2.Dinosaurs lived on the earth for more than 150 million years.3.Some dinosaurs fed on plants, some on meat.Step 3 What can you do with what you want to learn? By asking questions.On your paper, start writing down questions about the dinosaurs as you think of them: 1.What’s the best weather for dinosaurs to live in? 2.How many kinds of dinosaurs are there? 3.Have dinosaurs really disappeared? Step 4 Armed with your list of questions, you can now go to the nearest library or computer to begin your research.As you learn more about your subject, you’ll probably discover some new questions.For example, you might discover that dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.Why? What happened? Asking new questions can help you research your subject more widely.The next time you find something interesting to research, take time to organize your thinking by asking good questions.And remember—learning more always bring more questions.29.When you do some research, you should take the following steps: ______.①list what you want to know ③list what you already know A.①④③② C.③②④①
②choose a research subject ④discover new problems B.②③①④ D.④③①②
30.What does the underlined sentence “Armed with your list of questions” mean? A.Putting your list of questions under your arm.B.Discussing your questions with your classmates.C.Writing down your list of questions.D.Taking your list of questions with you.31.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A.You can find all the answers online.B.Learn more, and you’ll have no questions.C.During the research, you may keep finding new questions.D.Asking questions is the only way for research.32.The best title for this passage is ______.A.Discovering Dinosaurs C.Finding Subjects Answers
D Plants can’t communicate by moving or making sounds, as most animals do.Instead, plants produce volatile compounds(挥发性化合物)—— chemicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas.A flower’s sweet smell, for example, comes from such volatile compounds to attract insects such as bugs and bees.Plants can also discover volatile compounds produced by other plants.A tree under attack by hungry insects, for instance, may give off these chemicals in order to let other trees know about the attack.In response, the other trees may send off their chemicals to keep the bugs away —— or even chemicals that will attract the bugs’
B.Asking Good Questions D.Having Interesting natural enemies.Now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying: a chemical sensor(传感器)called an “electronic nose”.The “e-nose” can tell such compounds as plants make.When plants are attacked, scientists say, the e-nose could help quickly decide whether plants are being eaten by insects.But today, the only way to spot such insects is to inspect individual(个体的)plants by observing them.This is a challenging task for managers of greenhouses, including those that can house thousands of plants.The research team is working with an e-nose that can recognize volatile compounds.Inside the device, 13 sensors chemically react with volatile compounds based on the interactions(相互作用), and then the e-nose will give off electronic signals that the scientists can analyze by using computer software.With some fine-tuning(微调), a device like the e-nose can one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the researchers say.A device like this can also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says Natalia Dudareva, a biochemist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, India, who studies smells of flowers and plants.Hopefully, scientists believe, the device can bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future.33.We learn from the text that plants communicate with each other by ______.A.making some sounds
B.waving their leaves C.producing some chemicals D.sending out electronic signals 34.According to the writer, the most amazing thing about the e-nose is that it can ______.A.pick out ripe fruits quite expertly quick way C.tell different damages to leaves leaves 35.We can infer from the last paragraph that the e-nose ______.A.is unable to tell the smell of flowers greenhouses C.is designed by scientists at Purdue
D.is helpful in killing harmful
B.is not yet tested in
D.recognize unhealthy tomato
B.spot the insects in a very insects 第二节 信息匹配(共5小题,每小题2分;满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。(注意:E=AB, F=AC, G=AD。)
What makes one person more intelligent than another? What makes one person genius, like the brilliant Albert Einstein, and another person a fool? Are people born intelligent or stupid, or is intelligence the result of where and how you live? 36 We know, however, that just being born with a good mind is not enough.In some ways, the mind is like a leg or an arm muscle.37 Mental exercise(done with the mind)is particularly important for young children.Many child psychologists(心理学家)think that parents should play with their children more often and give them problems to think about.38 If, on the other hand, children are left alone a great deal with nothing to do, they are more likely to become dull and unintelligent.39 According to some psychologists, if parents are always telling a child that he or she is a fool or an idiot(白痴), then the child is more likely to keep doing silly and foolish things.So it is probably better for parents to say very positive things to their children, such as “ 40 ” or “You are such a smart child.”
A.It needs exercise.B.Parents should also be careful what they say to young children.C.These are very old questions and the answers to them are still not clear.D.Child psychologists don’t believe it.E.The children are then more likely to grow up bright and intelligent.F.You must be careful what you are doing.G.That is a very clever thing you did.第三部分 英语知识运用(共一节,满分20分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题,每小题1分;满分20分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A, B, C, D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When Alice started to cycle home from Jenny’s house, she wasn’t nervous.She was certainly not afraid of the dark.41 , it was only a 15-minute ride home.But halfway there, she began to wish that she hadn’t been so 42.As she rounded a sharp bend, it suddenly 43 cold — very cold.Alice’s breath became puffs of white cloud and her legs were so cold that it became hard to ride.With her heart beating fast, she struggled so hard to move 44 that she didn’t hear the car which suddenly appeared beside her.She stopped by the road.The big black car also 45.Slowly, the passenger-window began to slide down.Alice held her breath.In the soft light inside the car, something 46.Then, the light brightened and Alice was staring at a sweet, grey-haired old lady.“Hello, dear, ” said the old lady.“I need 47.I’m afraid I’m lost.I need to find the nearest airport.I must be there in the next five minutes.”
“Airport? You 48 are lost, ” Alice said.“You need to go back five kilometers 49 you reach the T-junction.Turn left and 50 for about another 10 kilometers to the main highway.From there, just follow the 51 to the airport.But I’m afraid there’s no 52 you’ll get there in five minutes!”
“Thank you very much, dear, ” replied the old lady.“Don’t worry — I’ll 53 in time.”
The 54 moved up and the car started off.A little way ahead, it 55 and with headlights flashing, it drove past Alice.But then, something 56 happened.The car began changing.First, its color 57 from black to silvery-grey.Then, the wheels began disappearing, but the car continued to move forward, 58 just above the ground.As the car 59 into the dark sky, the big red tail-lights grew larger and larger and glowed more and more brightly.With a faint whistling(哨声)60 , the car was gone in seconds, leaving Alice shaking her head in disbelief… 41.A.However B.Besides
C.Therefore
D.Otherwise 42.A.brave
B.excited
C.curious
D.astonished 43.A.fell
B.seemed
C.proved
D.grew 44.A.aside B.around
C.forward
D.backward 45.A.arrived
B.stopped
C.stayed
D.started 46.A.gathered B.existed
C.dropped
D.moved 47.A.help B.gas
C.rest
D.water
D.certainly
D.as 48.A.necessarily 49.A.if 50.A.drive
B.normally B.until B.walk B.signs
C.basically
C.unless
C.follow
D.march
D.51.A.address guidance 52.A.doubt
C.notices
B.room
C.time
D.way
D.finish it 53.A.have it 54.A.door
B.get it
C.make it
B.window
C.headlight
D.wheel
D.55.A.passed continued 56.A.strange horrible 57.A.developed 58.A.rolling 59.A.pointed 60.A.song
B.rushed C.turned
B.sensitive
C.imaginable
D.B.appeared B.floating B.returned
C.spread C.drawing C.broke C.sound
D.faded
D.flashing
D.rose D.music B.voice
第Ⅱ卷
第四部分 写作(共两节;满分60)
第一节 单词拼写(共10小题,每题1分;满分10分)
61.We were deeply __________________(留下印象)by their standard of work.62.This was completely beyond her ___________________(理解力).63.I would _________________(感激)it if you would turn the music down.64.The twins are ________________(同样地)good at English.65.There was an ________________(废弃的)house by the riverside.66.I would like to _________________(交换)my pen for your pencil-box.67.To everyone’s surprise, he __________________(从……中幸存)the earthquake.68.Over _________________(五分之四)of the students in our school are from the countryside.69.I can’t _________________(集中注意力)on my studies with the football match on.70.His poor eyesight was a __________________(不利因素)to him.第二节 完成句子(共5小题,每小题2分;满分10分)
71.This is one of the houses ______________________________(修建)last year.72.This booklet tells you how to ______________________________(避免生病).73.I won’t go to the cinema tonight, because I ________________(丢了)my ticket.74.The more you consider, ______________________________(越担心)you will feel.75.I tend to forget things ____________(除非)I mark them down.第三节 语法填空(共10小题,每小题1.5分;满分15分)
阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空(不多于3个词),并将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置上。
A castle with a long history Windsor Castle is one of the most famous castles in the world, 76 is the world’s oldest and largest inhabited castle.It was also used 77 a prison during the English Civil War.Today, it is the private home of Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ, who almost spends 78(much)of her private weekends there.Windsor Castle 79(build)just outside London in 1070 to protect the capital of Britain.The castle has developed over the centuries, 80(grow)from a wooden castle to a stone fortress, from a place for offense to a place for defense, and then 81(final)to a place for British kings and queens to live.Windsor Castle has survived two World Wars and was then nearly destroyed by 82 accidental fire!Although it is still a living place of the royal family, much of the castle is now open to the public.When entering the castle, you will notice many beautiful gardens, roads, and other small buildings within the walls of the castle.You should also spend time walking around the top of 83(it)wall.You can also enjoy some of the finest 84(paint)by Canaletto.Before you leave, take a few 85(picture)with the guards if possible.76._____________ 77._____________ 78._____________ 79._____________ 80._____________ 81._____________ 82._____________ 83._____________ 84._____________ 85._____________
第四节 翻译句子(共5小题,每小题5分;满分25分)86.Mary承认喜欢Mrs.Chen,她的教学方法和她之前老师的都不一样。
87.政府打算放弃那条建于1881年的铁路,拟建一条高铁。(high-speed rail/railway)88.他还没有收到书面回复。
89.气候正在变暖。
90.北京是中国的首都,它是一座拥有很多名胜的城市。(place of interest)
高一英语试题参考答案
2017.11 第一部分 听 力(共20小题,每小题1.5分;满分30分)
1-5 BBACB 6-10 BCCAA 11-15 BCBAC 16-20 ABCBA 第二部分 阅读理解(共20小题,每小题2分;满分40分)
21-24 CBDD 25-28 BCDD 29-32 BDCB 33-35 CCB 36-40 CAEBG 第三部分 英语知识运用(共20小题,每小题1分;满分20分)41-45 BADCB 46-50 DADBA 51-55 BDCBC 56-60 ADBDC 第四部分 写作(共两节 满分60)
第一节 单词拼写(共10小题,每题1分;满分10分)
61.impressed 62.comprehension 63.appreciate
64.similarly
65.abandoned 66.exchange 67.survived
68.four-fifths 69.concentrate 70.disadvantage 第二节 完成句子(共5小题,每小题2分;满分10分)
71.put up/built 72.avoid getting ill 73.have lost 74.the more worried 75.unless 第三节 语法填空(共10小题,每题1.5分;满分15分)
76.which;77.as;78.most;79.was built;80.growing;81.finally;
82.an;83.its;84.paintings;85.pictures 第四节 翻译句子(共5小题,每小题5分;满分25分)
86.Mary admitted liking Mrs.Chen whose method of teaching is nothing like that of her previous teachers./ Mary admitted liking Mrs.Chen, and her method of teaching is nothing like that of her previous teachers.87.The government intend to/mean to abandon the railway built in 1881 and build a high-speed one.88.He hasn’t received the written reply/answer yet.89.The climate is getting warmer and warmer.90.Beijing is the capital of China and it is a city with many places of interest.听力录音材料(Text 1)M: May I help you? W: Yes, I would like to buy a swimming suit for my elder sister as a birthday present.(Text 2)W: I hear your son is working part-time at the supermarket.M: Yes, he works on Monday, Wednesday and Friday from 4:00 p.m.and all day on Saturday.(Text 3)W: Could you please explain the homework for Monday again, Mr.Tang? M: Certainly.Read the next chapter and prepare to discuss what you’ve read.(Text 4)W: The car hasn’t been cleaned for a few days.M: No, it hasn’t.W: It’s very dirty.Someone ought to clean it today.M: It’s Mark’s turn.(Text 5)M: Can you deliver this, please? W: It depends where you live, sir.M: In Camden Town.W: Yes, we deliver there.But it will cost two pounds fifty.M: All right.But I’m only in on Saturday.(Text 6)W: Good news!M: What’s it?
W: The IOC President Thomas Bach announced the winner just now.M: What winner? W: Silly bookworm!Beijing has got the right to host the twenty-fourth Winter Olympic Games in 2022.M: That’s really good news!Tell me something further, please.W: Beijing and its co-bidder Zhangjiako won 44 nods against Almaty’s 40 in the voting, becoming the first city to host both summer and winter Olympics.M: Wonderful!I’ll do something for the Winter Olympic Games from now on.(Text 7)M: Hello, can I help you? W: I’d like to rent a Toyota Corolla.M: All right.How long will you need it? W: For three days.M: Have you ever rented a car before? W: No, I haven’t.Can I choose the color of the car? M: Sure.We have Toyota Corollas in black, red and silver.W: I don’t like black or red.M: Then you can have the other one!Please show me your ID card and I will copy it.W: OK.Anything else? M: Sign your name on the application form, and here are the keys to the car.W: Thanks!What time do I have to bring it back? M: It needs to come back by noon of the third day.W: All right.Thanks!M: Drive safely.(Text 8)W: Can you recommend a good tailor? M: Yes, why? W: I want a new overcoat for the winter.M: Oh, how about the tailor near my school? W: I don’t think that one is very good.I had a dress made there, but it pulled open under the arms a few days later.M: Why didn’t you go back and reason with the tailor?
W: I did, but he refused to do anything about it and quarreled with me.In the end, I had to talk to the manager.M: What did he say? W: He said he would see what he could do.M: Well, that’s good.W: But I don’t want to have the same kind of trouble.Do you know any other tailors in town? M: Well, there’s one next to the 6 Department Store.He’s said to be very good.W: Could you take me there someday? M: Certainly.How about next Sunday morning? W: OK.That’s very kind of you.(Text 9)W: Oh, what terrible weather!The plane must be delayed.M: I know.I can’t wait to get home.I’ve been traveling on business for a month.I really miss my family.W: A month is a long time to be away.Well, do you have any children? M: I have two, a boy and a girl.Would you like to see a picture of them? W: Sure...Oh, how nice!Now, who’s this?
M: This is Jane, my beautiful daughter.She’s twenty-four.W: Is she married? M: No.She is studying engineering at Cambridge University.She will graduate this June.And she has gotten a position with IBM.W: What an excellent girl!M: So she is!And this is my son, James.W: How old is he? M: He is twenty-one.He’s in college now.That’s my wife, Beth, a college teacher.W: Wow, you certainly have a lovely family!M: Thank you.So, tell me about your family.W: My husband and I have a daughter, Tina.She is a lovely girl and she likes playing the piano.But I don’t have a photo with me.M: Well, it seems that you miss your daughter very much.W: Yes.I haven’t seen her for nearly two weeks.(Text 10)If you visit America, you should be aware of some of the American customs and habits.thAll restaurants in America accept cash for payment, and most also accept credit cards.You will seldom find a restaurant that accepts checks.It is common to have to wait for a table in a popular restaurant.There are many popular restaurants that do not accept reservations, or will only accept reservations for large parties, for example, six or more people.Many restaurants in America have a license to serve alcohol.The drinking age in America is 21.Tipping is another common custom.American restaurants do not add a service charge to the bill.Therefore, it is expected that the customer will leave a tip for the server.The common practice is to leave a tip that is equal to 15% of the total bill for acceptable service, and about 20% for superior service.Smoking in America is not always considered to be a good social habit.Smoking in public is not as common in America as in many other countries.Generally, Americans smoke less than Europeans and much less than Asians.It is a fact that smoking is becoming less and less socially acceptable.Smoking is forbidden in many places.The legal smoking age in America is 18.
第二篇:山东省枣庄市2018届高三语文上学期期中试题
2018届高三第一学期期中考试
语 文
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(阅读题)和第Ⅱ卷(表达题)两部分,共150分,考试时间150分钟
一、现代文阅读(35分)
(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
持续8年之久的“安史之乱”,是唐朝由盛到衰的分水岭,标志着大唐盛世的终结,也是陆上丝绸之路鼎盛时期的终结,自此,这条连接亚欧的商贸通道,逐渐衰落,终于湮没。
“白头宫女在,闲坐说玄宗。”这是唐代诗人元稹《行宫》中的两句。这些宫女们,再也得不到从丝绸之路西来的香料与珠宝了。因为“安史之乱”,唐朝不得不将驻守西疆的四镇边兵东调长安,一时西北边防空虚,吐蕃乘机北上占据河陇,回鹘亦南下控制了阿尔泰山一带,同时西边的大食亦加强了中亚河中地区的攻势,这三股力量又彼此争夺与混战,从此,唐朝政府失去了对西域的控制,丝绸之路,“道路梗绝,往来不通”,杜甫写诗哀叹:“乘槎消息断,何处觅张骞。”
美国学者爱德华·谢弗著有一本《撒马尔罕的金桃:唐代舶来品研究》,这是一本关于唐代文化交流史的名著,他写道:“在玄宗时代,人们可以随处听到龟兹的琵琶,但到了九世纪,这一切就成了梦想。”陆上丝路的中断,直接影响了唐朝的文化和社会。爱德华·谢弗分析说,为什么唐代传奇和笔记小说中,与《山海经》所记述的珍怪一样的奇珍异物大量涌现,因为“从九世纪初期开始,唐朝的国际时代、进口时代、融合时代和黄金时代,都已经一去不复返了,对于跨越大海、翻过大山而来的珍奇物品的渴求,都已经不可能轻易地得到满足了。”在九世纪的时候,真实的新奇物品已经无法到达唐朝境内了,唐人只能杜撰虚构出怪异荒诞的贡物。
到了元朝,依托强大的军事实力,陆上丝绸之路再度繁华,丝路上的重要国家花剌子模,因为劫杀蒙古商队、侮辱蒙古使臣,甚至遭遇了灭国之灾。但随着元帝国的土崩瓦解,这条路又陷入没落。河西走廊上的敦煌,是一个很好的参照物,恢宏壮美的莫高窟洞窟,是当年走向远方的商旅祈求平安的精神驿站,从晋朝到南北朝,再到唐朝,都有,但是没有明朝的洞窟和壁画,因为到了明朝,这条路已经没人走了,后来被人遗忘,一直到了近代。
事实上,陆上丝绸之路与海上丝绸之路有一个历史兴替,安史之乱后,陆路衰落,海路开始发达,后者在宋、元时代以及明前期始终保持兴盛,遗憾的是,明朝“寸板不许下海”的禁令,清朝的“禁海令”和“迁海令”……海上丝路也日渐衰落,中国错过了大航海时代,全球重心转向了西方。中国人因为丝绸之路形成的世界观、大格局,彻底倒退了。
(摘编白新华每日电讯2017.5.12关山远《丝绸之路与中华国运》)
1.(填涂答题卡第题)下列关于原文内容的理解和分析,正确的一项是(3分)().......1...A.“安史之乱”是大唐盛世的终结,是陆上丝绸之路的终结,这条商贸通道自此走向衰落。B.吐蕃、回鹘、大食三股力量的彼此争夺与混战,使唐朝政府失去了对西域的控制。C.唐代传奇和笔记小说中,大量涌现像《山海经》所记述的珍怪一样怪异荒诞的奇珍异物,直接原因是陆上丝路的中断。
D.元朝依托强大的军事实力使陆上丝绸之路再度繁华,花剌子模因此遭遇了灭国之灾。2.(填涂答题卡第题)下列对原文论证的相关分析,不正确的一项是(3分)().......2...A.文章第二段引用元稹的诗,描述宫女的生活,是为了说明丝绸之路对唐人社会生活的重要性。
B.文章第三段引用美国学者爱德华·谢弗的著作,丰富了文章内容,说明了陆上丝路对唐代文化和社会的重要作用。
C.文章第四段提到莫高窟洞窟中没有明朝的洞窟和壁画,证明了明朝时期陆上丝绸之路已经没落了。
D.文章分析了唐代陆上丝路没落的原因和对社会生活的影响,以及后来陆上丝路再度繁华与没落的现象,论证了丝绸之路对社会发展的重要意义。
3.(填涂答题卡第题)根据原文内容,下列说法不正确的一项是(3分)().......3...A.如果没有“安史之乱”,唐朝就不会将兵力东调长安,也就不会失去对西域的控制,陆上丝绸之路可能也不会衰落。
B.九世纪,由于陆上丝绸之路的中断,人们不太可能随处听到玄宗时期龟兹的琵琶,也得不到从丝绸之路来的香料与珠宝。
C.如果明朝没有“寸板不许下海”的禁令,清朝没有“禁海令”和“迁海令”,那么中国海上丝绸之路就不会衰落。
D.丝绸之路的衰落,使中国人因之形成的世界观、大格局彻底倒退了,可见开放、交流非常重要。
(二)文学类文本阅读(本题共3小题,14分)阅读下面的文字,完成4~6题。
车马炮 丁肃清
德欣说:“你这匹死马,我暂不吃你。”他说着攻小卒,又攻,再攻……残局上的小卒已是兵临城下。德欣洋洋得意地看着红棋憋在仕脚里的那匹马,确是瓮中之鳖,自己的老将一崴就吃了,可他不吃,他要叫对方输得心服口服。
杨喜良就剩下车马炮了,而且那马还是匹死马,这使得他捉襟见肘,但仍耐心寻找着机会。
德欣是车务段段长,杨喜良是老调度,两人私交甚密。,他们什么话都能说,一边下棋一边说着车务段的事情。
旁边还有一位观棋者,叫李来顺,李来顺观棋不语。
几十天的春运,搞得焦头烂额,难得老朋友一聚。杨喜良说:“你看咱仨,像是这棋,你段长是车,我是这炮,都还厉害,来顺像这匹马。”
德欣和杨喜良都笑了。李来顺不笑,只静静观棋,在车务段,三十年前是个兵,三十年后还是个兵,尽管他书法绘画,弹拉说唱无所不能,也卖力气,却没有提升,真的就像憋在仕脚的那匹马。可李来顺没有怨言。
德欣段长说:“稍停,我去撒尿。” 德欣撒尿去了。
杨喜良说:“德欣的棋厉害。” 李来顺说:“我不尿他。”
杨喜良说:“你吃亏就吃在了这个脾气。”
论关系李来顺和德欣段长不错,之所以不错,才没有客套,有人没人,不喊段长,就叫他德欣,他想,这才是哥们儿。
可当了领导,谁没有个自尊心啊。杨喜良说:“德欣工作还是有水平的,” 李来顺又说:“我不尿他。” 德欣撒尿回来了,继续下棋。李来顺说:“我也去撒尿。”
趁李来顺撒尿的工夫,杨喜良对德欣说:“咱们段里,数来顺最冤,什么苦活儿累活儿都有他,你可该提拔提拔他。”
德欣说:“我快退了,我不想管。”
说得杨喜良不高兴,“啪”地一声敲得很响,“将!”杨喜良在车的后面安上了炮。德欣的将想躲,却躲不了,往哪儿躲都在那只死马的脚下。
德欣“哎呀”了一声,没想到这盘棋输到了这匹死马上。李来顺回来了,大喊:“输得好!我早就看出你要输这一招儿。”
棋散,仨人叙话。李来顺说:“咱仨,你们都混得好,是车,是炮,我是这死马,可死马也有置之死地而后生的时候。”
德欣略有感慨:“来顺啊,我对不起哥儿们,可也怪,咱仨人怎么就这么好呢?” 李来顺说:“咳!这怪啥呀?都吃过苦,你不记得你当司机,我和杨喜良当司炉,从阳泉跑石家庄,四个钟头要填十二吨的碳,那累呀,我和杨喜良都不想活了,是不是呀喜良?”
杨喜良说:“是,苦是咱们的根本。”
德欣似有感悟:“这样吧喜良,趁我还没有退,是该把来顺提拔一下,也算了却心事一桩。” 李来顺“哈哈”地大笑起来:“错了,错了!谁稀罕你那个提拔,倒找我钱我也不干。” 德欣瞪大了眼睛:“此话怎讲?”
李来顺说:“这么讲吧,俺李来顺是神仙日子,每天五点起床画画,然后跑步,再然后看日出,看完日出早饭喝一两小酒儿。”
“咳呀!”杨喜良似悟道:“你李来顺让我想起一句话,袖中乾坤大,壶中日月长,神仙、神仙!”
德欣无话,又来了下棋的雅兴,“再来一盘!”他愣拽着李来顺下棋,结果连输三盘?李来顺不下了,说德欣段长臭棋篓子。德欣还不甘心。
李来顺说:“要下,就此一盘了,我让你车马炮。” 德欣段长犹豫了一下说:“好吧。” 棋子儿的敲击声又响了起来……
4.(填涂答题卡第题)下列对小说相关内容和艺术特色的分析鉴赏,不正确的一项是(3分).......4...()
A.小说讲了车务段三个人下象棋的故事,下棋过程情节起伏,引人入胜,棋局的输赢始终作为主要悬念吸引着读者阅读。
B.车务段段长德欣虚荣、狭隘,棋艺最差而不自知,杨喜良比李来顺处世更谨慎,懂得在让棋的过程
中迎合领导的感受。
C.小说作者擅长运用语言描写推进情节发展,刻画人物形象。下棋者、观棋者的对话虽然简单,却符合不同人物的身份与性格。D.段长与调度在是否提拔李来顺的问题上起初态度不同,但他们后来发现后者生活悠闲、平静,有着洒脱淡泊的人生追求。
5.小说刻画了李来顺的哪些形象特征?请简要分析。(5分)
6.小说为什么以“车马炮”为标题?请结合作品进行分析。(6分)
(三)实用类文本阅读(本题共3小题,12分)阅读下面的文字,完成7—9题
材料一 大连光源:能给原子拍视频
日前,由中国科学院大连化学物理研究所和上海应用物理研究所联合研制的极紫外自由电子激光装置———“大连光源”,发出了世界上最强的极紫外自由电子激光脉冲,单个皮秒(1皮秒等于一万亿分之一秒)激光脉冲产生140万亿个光子,这套总长100米的装置成为世界上最亮且波长完全可调的极紫外自由电子激光光源。
“大连光源”由加速器、波荡器和光束线站三部分构成。先由时间宽度为几个皮秋的脉冲激光(驱动激光)在光阴极上打出一簇高密度的脉冲电子,再利用直线加速器将这个脉冲电子束加速到3亿电子伏特的能量,电子的速度与光速非常接近。另一束皮秒或者相近时间宽度的强激光(种子激光)照射在这个高能电子束上,电子束中的电子在种子激光的作用下,就会按照激光的波长在空间重新分布(调制),然后让被调制的电子束继续穿越一系列周期性变化的磁场。电子在周期性磁场中就会一边以光速向前飞行,一边左右摆动,向前辐射出光线。途中各处发射的光会叠加增强,同时电子自身辐射的光也在调制电子自己的空间分布,从而使得电子更加强烈地辐射光线,适当地选择周期性磁场的强度,就会使得种子激光中的某个谐波成分按照前述方式急剧地自激放大并达到饱和,从而输出极紫外激光。
“‘大连光源’有最亮的‘闪光灯’,峰值功率的亮度比太阳光高100亿倍,有最快的‘快门’,出光长度能达到飞秒(1飞秒等于一千亿分之一秒)、皮秒,不但能让分子、原子‘无处遁形’,还能给它们‘拍电影’,将物理化学反应的全过程动态记录下来。”上海应用物理研究所所长赵振堂说明了“大连光源”的大用场。(选自《人民日报》,有删改)材料二
自由电子激光是国际上最先进的新一代光源,也是当今世界科技强国竞相发展的重要方向,在科学研究、先进技术、国防科技发展中有着重要的应用前景。自由电子激光的发展在前沿科学研究中发挥着越来越重要的作用,特别是近十年来,自由电子激光技术的发展和突破为探索未知物质世界、发现新科学规律、实现技术变革提供了前所未有的研究工具。
“‘大连光源’的建成出光成为我国大科学工程的又一成功范例,也必将大大促进我国在能源、化学、物理、生物、材料、大气雾霆、光刻等多个重要领域研究水平的提升,为我国的科学事业注入新的活力。”中国科学院副院长王恩哥表示,这一光源的成功研制为我国未来发展更新一代的高重复频率极紫外自由电子激光打下了坚实的基拙。(选自“中国经济网”,有删改)材料三
大连光源自正式开工建设以来,在两年的时间里完成了基建工程以及里体光源装置的研制,并且在很短的时间内调试成功产生了世界上单脉冲最亮的极紫外激光,创造了我国同类大型科学装置建设的新记录。
这一项目也开创了我国科学研究专家与大科学装置研制专家成功合作的先例,对于未来加快推动大科学装置在科学研究中的应用具有重要的现实意义。
以科学目标为驱动,让大连光源成为我国大科学装置研制的典范。赵振堂告诉《中国科学报》记者,我国早期的大科学装置,往往都是先建好装置,再去找用户,看看哪些科学家能用。“但是大连光源把这个过程反了过来,是科学家先对科研有了需求,再找到工程团队来合作。这要求我们在建装置之前就充分调研,开工之前就要掌握装置的科学目标是什么。”
大连化物所的长处是科学研究,而上海应物所团队在大科学装置建设方面积累了20年的经验,两个团队为了相同的梦想走到了长兴岛,合作顺利得出人意料。(选自《中国科学报》,有删改)7.(填涂答题卡第题)下列理解和分析,不符合原文意思的一项是(3分)().......5...A.“大连光源”是世界上最亮且波长完全可调的极紫外自由电子光源,全套装置总长100米,能给分子原子拍摄视频,记录下物理化学反应的动态全过程。
B.自由电子激光是最先进的新一代光源,有着重要的应用前景,“大连光源”为我国探索未知物质世界发现新科学规律、实现技术变革提供了新的研究工具。
C.“大连光源”由上海应物所和大连物化所联合研制,前者的科学研究专家与后者的大科学装置研制专家成功合作,成为了我国大科学工程的成功范例。
D.我国早期的大科学装置,往往在建设之前缺乏充分调研,科学目标不够明确,一般都是先建好装置,再去找用户,而“大连光源”的研制则改变了这一状况。8.下列对材料有关内容的分析和概括,最恰当的两项是(5分)()
A.材料一第二自然段先介绍了“大连光源”的结构,然后按着先后顺序详细介绍了“大连光源”输出极紫外激光的过程,这让读者对“大连光源”有了更清晰的认识。B.材料二第一段介绍了自由电子激光技术在世界领域的发展现状,其目的是突出我国的“大连光源”在自由电子激光技术领域已处于世界最先进水平。
C.材料三前两段介绍了“大连光源”项目的建设过程,这个过程不仅用时短,而且技术领先世界,具有重要的现实意义,因此该项目成为我国大科学装置研制的典范。D.三则材料因为报道的重点不同,表达方式也各不相同,材料一主要运用了说明和描写的表达方式,力求准确生动,材料二、三主要运用议论的表达方式,观点鲜明。E.以上材料引用了上海应用物理研究所所长赵振堂和中国科学院副院长王恩哥对“大连光源”的相关介绍和评价,这些引用增加了新闻的权威性和真实性。9.三则材料对“大连光源”的报道。其共同点和各自的侧重点是什么?(4分)
二、古代诗文阅读(35分)
(一)文言文阅读(本题共4小题,19分)阅读下面的文言文,完成10~13题。
崔寔字子真,一名台,字元始。少沉静,好典籍。父卒,隐居墓侧。服竟,三公并辟,皆..不就。桓帝初,诏公卿郡国举至孝独行之士。寔以郡举,征诣公车,病不对策,除为郎。明..于政体,吏才有馀,论当世便事数十条,名曰《政论》。指切时要,言辩而确,当世称之。仲长统曰:“凡为人主,宜写一通,置之坐侧。”其后辟太尉袁汤大将军梁冀府并不应大司农羊傅少府何豹上书荐寔才美能高宜在朝廷。召拜议郎,迁大将军冀司马,与边韶、延笃等著作东观。出为五原太守。五原土宜麻,而俗不知织绩,民冬月无衣,积细草而卧其中,见吏则衣草而出。寔至官,斥卖储峙,为作纺绩、织纴之具以教之,民得以免寒苦。是时胡虏连入云中、朔方,杀略吏民,一岁九奔命。寔整厉士马,严烽候,虏不敢犯,常为边最。以病征,拜议郎,复与诸儒博士共杂定《五经》。会梁冀诛,寔以故吏免官,禁锢数年。时,..鲜卑数犯边,诏三公举威武谋略之士,司空黄琼荐寔,拜辽东太守。行道,母刘氏病卒,上..疏求归葬行丧。母有母仪淑德,博览书传。初,寔在五原,常训以临民之政,寔之善绩,母有其助焉。服竟,召拜尚书。寔以世方阻乱,称疾不视事,数月免归。初,寔父卒,剽卖田宅,起冢茔,立碑颂。葬讫,资产竭尽,因穷困,以酤酿贩鬻为业。时人多以此讥之,寔终不改。亦取足而已,不致盈余。及仕官,历位边郡,而愈贫薄。建宁中病卒。家徒四壁立,无以殡敛,光禄勋杨赐、太仆袁逢、少府段颊为备棺椁葬具,大鸿胪袁隗树碑颂德。
(节选自《后汉书·崔寔传》)
10.(填涂答题卡第题)下列对文中画波浪线部分的断句,正确的一句是(3分)().......6...A.其后辟太尉袁汤/大将军梁冀府并不应/大司农羊傅/少府何豹上书/荐寔才美能高/宜在朝廷
B.其后辟太尉袁汤/大将军梁冀府/并不应/大司农羊傅/少府何豹上书荐/寔才美/能高/宜在朝廷
C.其后辟太尉袁汤/大将军梁冀府并不应/大司农羊傅/少府何豹上书荐/寔才美/能高/宜在朝廷
D.其后辟太尉袁汤/大将军梁冀府/并不应/大司农羊傅/少府何豹上书/荐寔才美能高/宜在朝廷 11.(填涂答题卡第题)下列对文中加点词语的相关内容的解说,不正确的一项是(3分).......7...()
A.三公是中国古代朝廷中最尊显的三个官职的合称。既可指司马、司徒、司空,又可指少傅、少师、少保。
B.公车是汉代官署名,为卫尉的下属机构,设公车令,掌管宫殿司马门的警卫。朝廷征召等事宜,经由此处受理。
C.博士,古为官名。秦汉时是掌管书籍文典、通晓史事的官职,后成为学术上专通一经或精通一艺、从事教授生徒的官职。
D.鲜卑族是继匈奴之后在蒙古高原崛起的古代游牧民族,兴起于大兴安岭,为后汉至魏晋南北朝对中国影响最大的游牧民族。12.(填涂答题卡第题)下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析,不正确的一项是(3分)().......8...A.崔寔明于政务,做官才能卓越。他撰述的《政论》曾获仲长统高度评价,认为所有国君,应抄一遍,置于座旁。
B.崔寔关注民生,改善百姓生活。他做五原太守时,叫百姓卖掉储藏的粮食,替他们添置纺织工具并教他们如何使用。
C.崔蹇秉性纯正,事亲至孝。母亲病死,他于赴任途中上疏请求回家料理丧事。
D.崔寔为官清正,品性廉洁。他做官期间,为葬父而卖掉田产,竭尽资产,他病逝时,甚至没有钱装殓,同僚出资替他料理后事。
13.把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(10分)
(1)是时胡虏连入云中、朔方,杀略吏民,一岁九奔命。
(2)服竟,召拜尚书。寔以世方阻乱,称疾不视事,数月免归
(二)古代诗歌阅读(11分)
阅读下面这首宋词,回答14-15题
破阵子·燕子欲归时节 【晏殊】
燕子欲归时节,高楼昨夜西风。求得人间成小会,试把金尊傍菊丛。歌长粉面红。
斜日更穿帘幕,微凉渐入梧桐。多少襟情言不尽,写向蛮笺曲调中。此情千万重。
14.下列对本词内容的理解和赏析,不恰当的两项是(5分)()A.开篇点明了时节,从“燕子欲归”和“昨夜西风”可看出,当是初春或是初秋时节,渲染了一种凄清寂寥的氛围,为下文作铺垫。B.“高楼昨夜西风”,昨天西风袭来,一叶落而天下秋,高楼远望,良人未归,写出一个女子的深深思念和浓浓的悲意。
C.“歌长粉面红”这是对女子歌声和面容的描写。“歌长”写出了女子的不忍分别。女子的深情,在这两个字上表现得一览无疑。“粉面红”三个字,写出了女子的美丽。
D.“微凉渐入梧桐”又看到了梧桐,这是思念、闺怨、孤独、寂寞、凄凉、悼亡的隐喻。梧桐,也寄寓着一颗绝望、凄凉、无助而思念的心。
E.燕子已然双飞入巢,人却未归,其中蕴含着女子内心的失望和落寞。他独自留下她忍受这漫长的寂寞和煎熬,此处寓情于景,移情于物。15.请从虚实关系的角度来赏析本词的写作手法。(6分)
(三)名篇名句默写。(本题共1小题,5分)16.补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。(5分)
(1)韩愈《师说》中所说的“师”,有其独特含义,明确自己所说的老师不是指教授儿童的启蒙教
师的句
子
是
:“
。”(2)(2)范仲淹《渔家傲》中“_____________,_____________”两句既表达对家乡的思念,又包含功业未就、无法归家的无奈。
三、语言文字运用(20分)17.(填涂答题卡第题)下列各句加点的成语的使用,全都不正确的一项是(3分)().......9...①“中星9A”广播电视直播卫星发射失利后,西安卫星测控中心推波助澜,通过“天地....大营救”将其送入预定轨道。
②受到品牌负资产拖累的企业,不管是提升原有品牌的含金量,还是白手起家打造一个....全新的高端品牌,都不容易。
③无论是写作,还是节日制作,前期的案头工作做得越扎实,动笔前就越有底气,“又好又快”自是水到渠成的结果。....④连续出现的对抗示威活动使美国陷入一片混乱之中,为避免发生类似夏洛茨维尔的暴力事件,波士顿警方严阵以待。....⑤譬如路人有难,上前帮一把;别人求教,耐心答一下……很多时候只需举手之劳,就....可以为生活增添一抹亮色。
⑥随着百镇千村建设稳步推进,海南省许多新的特色旅游产品脱颖而出,发展乡村旅游、....推进全城旅游大有作为。
A.①③⑤ B.①②⑥ C.②③④ D.④⑤⑥ 18.(填涂答题卡第题)下列各句中,没有语病的一句是(3分)().......10....A.21日,18名中国航天员和欧洲航天员在山东省烟台市附近海域,圆满完成了为期17天的海上救生训练任务。B.江苏大学急救协会志愿者走进街道社区,向小朋友传授防溺水、伤口包扎、心肺复苏等,帮助他们健康安全度暑假。
C.一个人的胆识与他是否注重自我反思有着直接的关系,有胆无识就会盲干,有识无胆就会徘徊,有胆有识才会成功。
D.鉴于在教育方面存在相似问题和挑战,第五届金砖国家教育部长会议围绕以“促进卓越和公平”为主题举行高官会。
19.(填涂答题卡第题)下列各句中,表达得体的一句是(3分)().......11....A.今年高考刚结束,一外地老师就发来微信:向您垂询一下,您觉得全国卷第21题考的是逻辑问题还是语言准确?
B.乡镇庙会上人山人海,街道上几乎水泄不通,突然一位中年男子高喊着:“借光,借光!”神色匆匆地往乡政府跑去。
C.吴阳要向导师请教如何写研究生论文,导师开门请他进来,吴阳说:“我不能久坐,半小时后我还有事,恐怕要失陪了。”
D.真是抱歉,家弟放学时边走边踢球,不小心打坏了您的车灯,请您原谅,我一定照价赔偿,并教育他不要在路上踢球。
20.在下面一段文字横线处补写恰当的语句,使整段文字语意完整连贯,内容贴切,逻辑严密,每处不超过15个字。(6分)
模仿是通往卓越的捷径。如果你看见别人做出令你羡慕的成就,那么只要你愿意付出努力,①_____。如果你想成功,你只要能找出一种方式去模仿那些成功者,便能如愿。②______,尤其是他们运用脑子和身体的方法,所以你想成为一个有成就的人,③_____。但可惜的是世人对于模仿认识得还不够。
21.下面文段有三处推断存在问题,请参照①的方式,说明另外两处问题。(5分)
一个人的生长环境与他的成才与否息息相关。只有逆境才能造就人才,贝多芬双耳失聪,但他凭借坚定的意志,创作出了著名的《第二交响曲》。顺境只会消磨人的意志,刘禅安于享乐,结果意志消沉,乐不思蜀。因此,一个人只有多经历磨难才能成才。(1)未必只有逆境才能造就人才。
(2)
(3)
四、作文(60分)
22.阅读下面的材料,根据要求写作。(60分)
近年来,各学校都在利用班团活动进行社会主义核心价值观教育,共有以下12个关键词:富强、民主、文明、和谐、自由、平等、公正、法治、爱国、敬业、诚信、友善。
请从中选择两三个关键词来阐述你所理解的核心价值观,写一篇文章帮助同学读懂核心价值观,要求选好关键词,使之形成有机的关联;选好角度,明确文体,自拟标题,不要套作,不得抄袭,不少于800字。
语 文(答案)
【论述思路】选文分析了唐代陆上丝路没落的原因和对当时社会生活的影响,以及元代陆上丝路的再度繁华与明清时期的没落现象,论述了丝绸之路对社会发展的重要意义。可分为三层。第一层为第一、二自然段,指出陆上丝路走向衰落的直接原因是“安史之乱”。第二层为第三自然段,引述美国学者爱德华·谢弗的论述,说明陆上丝路对唐代文化和社会的重要作用。第三层为第四、五自然段,分析元明清时期陆上丝路的再度繁华和衰落的原因,并提出海上丝路的日渐衰落使中国错过了大航海时代,全球重心转向西方。
1.C【解题思路】本题考查筛选并整合文中的信息的能力。A.扩大范围,原文是“陆上丝绸之路鼎盛时期的终结”。B.以偏概全,唐朝失去对西域的控制,还源于三股力量对相关地区的控制。D.强加因果。花刺子模遭遇了灭国之灾,是因为劫杀蒙古商队、侮辱蒙古使臣。
2.A【解题思路】本题考查分析论点、论据和论证方法的能力。文中只是借用该诗说明宫女再也得不到从丝绸之路西来的香料与珠宝。
3.C【解题思路】本题考查分析概括作者在文中的观点态度的能力。选项推断错误,原文“遗憾的是……日渐衰落”.由“迁海令”之后的省略号可知,海上丝路衰落的原因不止这两点。
4.A【解析】“棋局的输赢始终作为主要悬念”表述不当,本文的主要悬念在于对德欣和李来顺微妙关系的表述上。
5.①淡泊名利。不稀罕被提拔,每天画画,跑步,看日出,自得其乐。②任劳任怨。三十年里什么苦活儿累活儿都干,不被提拔也卖力气。③耿直不阿。与德欣说话有一说一,直接坦率,不逢迎领导。④多才多艺。生活中书法、绘面、弹拉说唱无所不能。⑤性格沉静。在德欣和杨喜良下棋说笑时,他虽棋艺高超却不说不笑,只静静观棋。(每点2分,答出任意三点即可给5分,意思对即可。只答概括语不作分析最多给3分。注意题干问的是“形象特征”。若学生答“棋艺精湛、善良朴实”等视分析酌情给1分,答案不分点扣2分)
6.①有概括情节的作用。小说主要围绕下棋时对“车马炮”几个棋子的安置展开情节,两次下棋都和如何处理“车马炮”有关,它们贯穿故事始终。②有塑造人物的作用。“车马炮”分别暗喻小说的三个主要人物形象,他们韵性格和生命状态与棋局中的三个棋子十分相似。③有揭示主题的作用。“车马炮”在棋局中处于不同的位置,它们象征社会中的人在不同的身份处境下,有不同的生命追求(或:突出了一种淡泊、洒脱的人生追求),突出了主题。(每点2分,意思对即可。只答概括语不作分析最多给3分。若学生答“标题一语双关、象征”或“标题是文章的线索”等视分析酌情给1分,答案不分点扣2分)7.C【解题思路:本题考查理解文章的能力。C项,错在“前者”“后者”的颠倒】 8.AE【解题思路:B“其目的是……”错,且“已处于世界最先进水平”属主观臆断;C项“介绍了……过程”错,且强加因果;D项“描写的表达方式”错】(答对一项给2分,全对给5分)9.共同点:都报道丁“大连光源”项口的成就(领先性)。(2分)侧重点:材料一侧重于报道“大连光源”的构造及原理;材料二侧重于报道“大连光源”的应用前景和重要意义;材料三侧重于报道“大连光源”项口成功的原因在于科学家的密切介作。(2分)
【解题思路:本题考查筛选并整合文中信息的能力。题干问的是几则报道的共同点和各自的侧重点,其实就是比较三则报道在内容上的异同。分别分析三则报道:第一则报道分三段,第一段说“大连光源”的先进,第二段主要说“大连光源”的构造和原理,第三段说“大连光源”的作用;第二则报道分两段,第一段介绍自由电子激光的应用前景,第二段强调“大连光源”的重要意义;第三则报道分四段,第一段说“大连光源”创纪录;后三段分析“大连光源”成功的原因。由此总结概括三则报道的异同点即可。】 10.D 11.A(三公又可指太傅、太师、太保。)
12.D(为葬父而卖掉田产不是他仕官期间发生的事。)
13.(1)这时匈奴连续入侵云中、朔方,杀害抢掠官吏百姓,百姓一年之内多次逃命。(“是时”、“杀略”、“九奔命”,各1分,句意2分)
(2)服丧完毕,朝廷征召并授予他尚书一职。崔定因为时局很乱,称病不到职办公,几个月后被免职回家。(“服竞”、“以”、“视事”各1分,句意2分)
【参考译文】崔寔字子真,又名台,字元始。少年时很沉静,喜欢读书。父亲死后,住在墓旁守丧。守丧期满,三公请他出去做官,他都不去。桓帝初年,皇帝下诏给公卿郡国推举极孝顺和品德好的人。崔定被郡国推举,征召到官署,因病不能参加面试,拜为郎。崔定对政体很精明,做官的能力很强,写了评论当代政事的意见数十条,题目叫《政论》。针对当时要害,议论很正确,博得当代人的称赞。仲长统说:“所有国君,应抄一遍,置于座旁。”后来朝廷叫崔定到太尉袁汤,大将军梁冀府里去当官,崔寔都不去。大司农羊傅、少府何豹上书推荐崔寔,说崔的才干很好,能力很强,应在朝廷做官。于是皇帝封崔为议郎,提升大将军梁冀作司马,与边韶、延笃等人在东观著书立说。后来崔定出任五原太守。五原的土质宜于种麻,而当地人不知道织布,老百姓冬天没有衣服穿,堆些细草睡在草里面,见官吏就披着草出来。崔寔到任后,叫百姓卖掉储藏的粮食,替他们添制纺绩、织缍、觫媪等工具并教他们如何使用,百姓才免受冻馁之苦。这时匈奴连续入侵云中、朔方,杀害抢掠官吏百姓,百姓一年之内多次逃命。崔定就厉兵秣马,严饬烽火台侦察,敌人不敢进犯,成为边塞最安静的地方。崔定在病中,被拜为议郎,又与当时的名儒博士一同审定《五经》。恰逢梁冀被杀,崔定是梁冀的故吏,受牵连,罢了官,关在牢里数年。当时鲜卑多次进犯边境,皇帝下诏书给三公推荐威武谋略之士,司空黄琼推荐崔寔,崔被拜为辽东太守。走到半路上,母亲刘氏病死了,崔定上疏请求回家料理丧事。母亲刘民生前品德很好,读了不少书。起初,崔突在五原任太守,母亲经常教导如何治理政事,崔寔的好功绩,母亲很有帮助。服丧完毕,朝廷征召并授予他尚书一职,皇上又拜他为尚书。崔寔因为时局很乱,称病不到职办公,几个月后被免职回家。当初,崔定的父亲死了,崔寔卖掉田产,做了坟墓,立了墓碑。埋葬完毕,家产卖尽,因为穷困,便以卖酒贩粥为生。当时人多用这事讥笑他,他始终不改。他做生意只求够本就行,不多赚钱。等到做了官,多是边境地区,所以更加贫薄。建宁年间死去。家里很穷困,没有钱装殓,光禄勋杨赐、太仆袁逢、少府段颊等替他准备棺椁葬具,大鸿胪袁隗替他树碑,称颂他的功德。
14.AE(A应该是晚春至秋初的这段时节。E是燕子欲归,而不是已然)
15.(1)上片“求得人间成小会”,“歌长粉面红”,写出主人公对相聚的渴盼,“试把金樽傍菊丛”,展现了主人公的想象和憧憬,是虚写。(2)下片写主人公与情人的短暂相会,内心千言万语倾诉不尽,只得在信笺里写下诗词歌赋,以传达不尽的思念之愁是实写。(3)上片由“燕子欲归”和昨夜秋风叶落恋人高楼独倚,引发主人公对相聚的憧憬,下片在短暂相聚的感慨中表达了主人公千言万语诉不尽,唯有托词排遣自己的愁思,渲染不舍离别之情。运用虚实对比,将感情表达得真挚细腻。(每处3分,写出两处虚实即可得满分)
16(1)彼童子之师 授之书而习其句读者 非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也(2)浊酒一杯家万里,燕然未勒归无计
17.B(①推波助澜,比喻从旁鼓动,助长事物(多指坏的事物)的声势和发展,扩大影响。句中误用贬义词,应改为“力挽狂澜”,比喻尽力挽回危险的局势。②白手起家,指没有任何经济实力支持,靠着双手进行创业,最后获得成功的果实,句中应改为“另起炉灶”,比喻放弃原来的,另外从头做起。③水到渠成,比喻条件成熟,事情自然会成功。④严阵以待,指做好充分战斗准备,等待着敌人。⑤举手之劳,形容轻而易举,毫不费力。⑥脱颖而出,比喻人的本领全部显露出来,句中用以形容“产品”,适用对象错。)18.C(A项,表意不明,“18名”这个数量短语修饰的中心词是中国航天员还是中国与欧洲的航天员,没有表述清楚,建议改为“16名中国航天员和2名欧洲航天员……”。B项,成分残缺,应在“等”字后加上中心词“知识和技能”。D项,句式杂糅,结构混乱,可删去“围绕”,或删去“以”字并把“为”字改为“的”字。)
19.B(A项,垂询:敬辞,称别人对自己的询问。句中应改为“请教”。B项,借光:用作向人询问或请人给予方便的客气话。使用正确。C项,失陪:客套话,表示因故而不能陪伴对方。多指中途先走。“失陪”一词本身使用没问题,但学生吴阳本是去向导师请教的,反而搞得像是导师耽误他的时间似的,这就很不得体。D项,家:用于对人称呼比自己年长的家人,如家兄、家父。句中应改为“舍弟”。舍:谦辞,用于对别人称呼自己的辈分低的或同辈年纪小的亲属,如舍侄、舍弟。)
20.答案:①也可以取得相同的结果。②找出成功者的方法。③就去找成功者作为模仿对象。21.②顺境未必只会消磨人的意志
③一个人未必只有多经历磨难才能成才(符合文意,推理合乎逻辑即可。对一句给3分,对两句给5分。)
22.【写作提示】中央办公厅曾印发《关于培育和践行社会主义核心价值观的意见》,将24字核心价值观分成3个层面:(1)富强、民主、文明、和谐,是国家层面的价值目标;(2)自由、平等、公正、法治,是社会层面的价值取向;(3)爱国、敬业、诚信、友善,是公民个人层面的价值准则,本次作文,应先明确上述三个层面的内容,以便选择两三个关键词进行写作,注意其内在的有机联系。
一、可以横向组合,集中谈对某一层面的意思的理解,如(1)以“文明”与“和谐”为组合,针对生活中不文明的现象和行为提出批评,分析个人文明与社会和谐的内在联系,阐述这一价值目标的现实意义;(2)以“诚信”与“友善”为组合,谈谈为人处世之道,引导同学们从我做起,从小事做起,从一点一滴做起,共修诚信美德,共建友善集体。
二、也可以纵向关联,从公民层面和社会层面来谈对核心价值观的理解,如“文明”与“友善”,“人之初,性本善”,向善之心是中华民族的优良传统;“人而无信,不知其可也”,不仅个人层面如此,“信”对于国家层面来说,更为重要,《左传》说“信,国之宝也”。
这样的文章容易空泛,这就需要有充分的论据支撑,既要有中外名言作理论论据,又要有新鲜而典型的事例作事实论据,给同学们疏导,要有材料的新鲜性、典型性,还要使文章语言准确,鲜明而生动。苏轼说:“博观而约取,厚积而薄发”,作文考查的不仅是素材的积累,更是思想的积淀,它可以彰显考生的语文素养和文化素养。
第三篇:高一语文上学期期中试题5
兰考二中2015~2016学年上学期期中考试
高一年级语文试卷
第I卷 阅读题 甲
必考题
一、阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。(9分,每小题3分)
“热词”是指来源于突发事件或社会现象,经过形象、鲜明和恰当的隐喻性总结,让人们更深刻地记住关键信息的公共焦点词语。
近年来,中国互联网上流行的“热词”已不仅仅是一般意义上的新潮网络语言。“打酱油”、“俯卧撑”乃至“被××”之类的热词从词语本身找不到任何流行的理由,而且这些词语往往不是逐渐扩散,而是瞬间的爆发。显然这类热词不是像以往的许多网络语言那样因词语本身的娱乐性导致了流行,大多是因突发的社会事件传播得以派生,而且这类热词几乎无一例外具有较多的政治讽刺意味,反映的是社会“杯具”何其多,人们认为这是中国政治走向民主的一种方式,是中国网络政治化的一种体现。
中国的改革开放自90年代末以来进入了深水区,政治改革尤其步履维艰。在这种现实状态下,网络的政治化可以说是公众表达的常规通道堰塞而造成的政治话语溢出现象。而网络的确为当代中国民众提供了一种新的政治表达可能,有人因此而乐观地预言网络将成为推动中国政治民主建设进程的重要力量。可实际上,人们上网发表意见可能是自由的,但信息如何传播却完全由不得自己,各类网络运营者操控着网络信息的传播。
热词的出现使网络传播形势有了一些改观。一个本来难以扩大影响的社会信息,由于被人从中提炼出具有讽刺性乃至黑色幽默意味的隐喻词语而产生了“陌生化”的情景效果,随即因为网上读者的关注和分享而成为口头禅并被强力传播,进而迅速走红成为热词。显然,热词热起来的社会学原因在于网民自发形成的积极介入态度。在网络日益被运营者操控的形势下,这种对传播的主动介入可以说是普遍网民对“被传播”现实的一种反抗。
热词之所以会“热”,也和它的接受环境分不开。在媒体自身权威性不够却又面对公众质疑时,许多“专家”和“权威机构”常常会冒出来强化信息的权威性。弱势的普通民众当然无法与“专家”、“权威机构”对抗,但一些陌生词语“被××”——“被就业”、“被代表”、“被平均”等等,却凭着机智的反讽破了媒体操控者的意图。
普通民众对媒体操控者和所谓“权威”的不信任是热词走红的社会环境,但热词并非只是消极的拒绝。许多因热词而“热”并最终引起社会重视的案例显示,网民传播热词的热情让人感受到的是一种社会关怀的激情。这种激情来自每个网民个人的直觉和判断,来自一个人内在的同情心和正义感。当然,信息的不对称使网民个人的判断无法完全避免错误和偏见,但这并不影响这种社会关怀的舆论价值。这种激情的存在证明,社会上尽管充斥着欲望和不公正,但人们的心灵深处仍然有良知。无论如何,热词的大量出现已成为中国式网络的特色景观,热词将作为有影响力的社会表情符号构成我们这个时代的记忆。
1.下列关于“热词”的表述,不符合原文意思的一项是
A.“热词”是一种新潮网络语言,它的出现被认为与中国政治走向民主有关。B.“打酱油”、“被××”之类“热词”的流行,与词语本身是否有娱乐性无关。C.“热词”往往不是逐渐扩散,而是从本身找不到任何理由就瞬间爆发。
D.一个社会信息被人有意加工而产生“陌生化”的情景效果后,才会成为“热词”。2.下列理解,不符合原文意思的一项是
A.具有讽刺意味的“被传播”,表现出了主动介入传播的普通网民对网络运营者操控网络信息传播的一种反抗。
B.人们在网上发表意见是自由的,但由于网络信息的传播受各类网络运营者的操控,这些意见的传播是不自由的。
C.网民传播热词的热情,能使某些案例因热词而“热”并最终引起社会的重视,并使人感受到网民社会关怀的激情。
D.传播热词的网民所展现了的社会关怀的舆论价值,不会由于其个人判断出现错误和偏见而受到影响。
3.下列理解和分析,不符合原文内容的一项是
A.当媒体操控者和所谓“权威”得到普通民众的信任后,热词就会逐渐变“凉”并最终淡出人们的视野。
B.从热词的接受环境看,某些媒体操纵者强化信息权威性的意图,常常会被随后出现的热词凭着机智的反讽破坏。
C.热词的出现和流行表明,政治改革进入深水区和网络为中国民众提供一种政治表达可能之间存在着联系。
D.热词在中国互联网上流行的现象有着中国特色,热词本身所体现的时代特点也会留在人们的记忆。
二、古代诗文阅读(36分)(一)文言文阅读(19分)
巨鹿之战
章邯已破项梁军,则以为楚地兵不足忧,乃渡河击赵,大破之。当此时,赵歇为王,陈余为将,张耳为相,皆走入巨鹿城。
楚王召宋义与计事而大悦之,因置以为上将军,项羽为鲁公,为次将,范增为末将,救赵。诸别将皆属宋义,号为卿子冠军。
行至安阳,留四十六日不进。项羽曰:“吾闻秦军围赵王巨鹿,疾引兵渡河,楚击其外,赵应其内,破秦军必矣。”宋义曰:“不然。今秦攻赵,战胜则兵罢,我承其敝;不胜,则我引兵鼓行.而西,必举秦矣。故不如先斗秦、赵。夫被坚执锐,义不如公;坐而运策,公不如义。”因下令军.
③
②①中曰:“猛如虎,很如羊,贪如狼,强不可使者,皆斩之。”乃遣其子宋襄相齐,身送之至无盐,饮酒高公。天寒大雨,士卒冻饥。项羽曰:“将戮力而攻秦,久留不行。今岁饥民贫,士卒食芋菽,军无见粮。且扫境内而专属于将军,国家安危,在此一举。今不恤士卒而徇其私,非社稷之臣。”即其帐中斩宋义头,出令军中曰:“宋义与齐谋反楚,楚王阴令羽诛之。”当是时,诸将皆慑服,莫敢支吾。乃相与共立羽为假上将军。.项羽乃悉引兵渡河,皆沉船,破釜甑,烧庐舍,持三日粮,以示士卒必死,无一还心。于是至则围王离,与秦军遇,九战,绝其甬道,大破之,杀苏角,虏王离。当是时,楚兵冠诸侯。诸侯军救巨鹿下者十余壁,莫敢纵兵。及楚击秦,诸将皆从壁上观。楚战士无不一以当十,楚兵呼声动天,.诸侯军无不人人惴恐。于是已破秦军,项羽召见诸侯将,入辕门,无不膝行而前,莫敢仰视。项羽由是始为诸侯上将军,诸侯皆属焉。
注:①巨鹿城:古县名,治在现在河北平乡西南。②卿子冠军:卿子是当时对人的尊称。宋义是上将军,在诸将之上,所以称为卿子冠军。③承其敝:承,趁;敝,疲惫。④支吾:抵抗。
4.下列句子中,加点词的解释不正确的一项是(3分)()A.战胜则兵罢
.B.立羽为假上将军 .C.救巨鹿下者十余壁 .D.故不如先斗秦、赵 .
罢:通“疲”,疲惫 假:假扮 壁:营垒 斗:使……相斗 ④5.对文中波浪线部分的断句,正确的一项是(3分)()
A.项羽乃悉引兵渡河/皆沉船/破釜甑/烧庐舍/持三日粮/以示士卒必死/无一还心 B.项羽乃悉引兵/渡河皆沉船/破釜甑/烧庐舍/持三日粮/以示士卒/必死无一还心 C.项羽乃悉引兵渡河/皆沉船/破釜甑/烧庐舍/持三日粮/以示士卒/必死无一还心 D.项羽乃悉引兵/渡河皆沉船/破釜甑/烧庐舍/持三日粮/以示士卒必死无一还心 6.下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括,正确的一项是(3分)()A.“猛如虎,很如羊,贪如狼”充分地表现出项羽及其军队的勇猛和超强的战斗力,为后文埋下了伏笔。
B.项羽认为,虽然若论坐于军帐,运筹决策,他比不上宋义;但是披坚甲,执锐兵,勇战前线,宋义比不上他。于是作为次将的项羽心里不服宋义为上将军。
C.项羽军破釜沉舟,抱着必死决心,于是士气大增,无不一以当十,势如破竹地战胜了秦军和诸侯的军队,最后诸侯军“无不膝行而前”地臣服。
D.由于宋义不戮力救赵攻秦,拒谏饰非,饮酒高会,“久留不行”,所以项羽杀了他。7.把上面文言文阅读材料中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(10分)(1)今不恤士卒而徇其私,非社稷之臣。(5分)译文:_________________________________________________(2)项羽由是始为诸侯上将军,诸侯皆属焉(5分)译文:_________________________________________________(二)古代诗歌阅读。(11分)阅读下面一首诗,然后回答8---9题
出塞(其二)
王昌龄
骝马新跨白玉鞍,战罢沙场月色寒。城头铁鼓声犹振,匣里金刀血未干。
8.试分析诗歌第二句中“寒”字的妙处。(5分)
9.全诗刻画了怎样的主人公形象?并简要分析是如何刻画的。(6分)
(三)名篇名句默写
10.补写出下列名篇名句中的空缺部分。(6分)
(1)微夫人之力不及此。,不仁;,不知;,不武。
(2),大礼不辞小让。
(3)恰同学少年,风华正茂。
乙
选考题
请考生在第三、四两大题中选定其中一大题作答。注意:作答时必须用2B铅笔在答题纸上把所选大题的题号涂黑。只能做所选定大题内的小题,不得选做另一大题内的小题,如果多做,则按所做的第一大题计分。
三、文学类文本阅读(25分)
11.阅读下面的文字,完成(1)—(4)题。
一碗羊肉汤 金 光
就在县里准备树立脱贫致富的典型时,长岭乡建起了一个大牧场。刘乡长说,这个大牧场完全采用孟加拉式的养殖办法,从新疆、内蒙古和西藏各地购进优质绵羊2000只。虽然乡里在农发行贷了100万元的款,但望着潮水般的羊群,大家心里很踏实:这钱不出两年就可赚回来。
县委张书记亲自到牧场察看,拍着刘乡长的肩膀说:“不错不错,因地制宜,这才是真正的脱贫项目。”回到县城,张书记当即打电话召集开会,谈了到长岭乡察看天然牧场的感受,他要求从县委班子开始,轮流到长岭乡牧场去参观。县委办的同志不敢怠慢,连夜排出参观者的顺序:从6月8日起,当天是常委班子成员,9日是县政府领导,10日扶贫办,11日县委办,12日县委组织部……一直排到了第二年的3月19日,把县直各单位、各乡镇、村组都排上了,要求所有参观单位要认真了解长岭乡的经验,学习他们敢想敢干的工作思路,结合实际提出自己乡、村的脱贫办法,力争在两年之内摘掉全国贫困县的帽子。
接到县委办的通知,刘乡长说,这次县里对长岭乡牧场如此重视,要把长岭乡树为脱贫致富的典型,我们一定不辜负上级的期望,一要把牧场建设得更好,二要搞好接待工作,给参观者留下深刻的印象。乡政府办的同志冷不丁地提出一个问题:一天要接待二十多个人,生活咋安排?这一下难住了刘乡长,牧场远在离乡政府二十多公里的荒山上,参观的人在乡里吃饭不合适,到山上又没有好东西招待,怎么办?刘乡长忽然闪出一个念头。他说:“我说个办法,人家领导来参观牧场,这牧场就是养羊,咱们这里啥都缺就是不缺羊,明天领导们来,我们在山上垒两口大铁锅,拣两只大肥羊宰杀,在山上熬两锅羊肉汤,经济又实惠。”大伙一听,不禁拍手叫绝。第二天县委的小车一字型排开,足有二十多辆停在了离长岭牧场五六里的山下路旁,领导们一路风尘来到牧场,大家看到荒岭上建成如此规模的牧场,无不咋舌称赞。中午12点,每人一大碗鲜羊肉汤配上两个脆香的烧饼,更让领导们赞不绝口。县委张书记端着羊肉汤喝了一口说:“香,这比吃几百几千块的宴席有滋味多了,你们勤俭节约的精神更值得发扬。”张书记号召,今后无论谁来牧场参观,都只准喝羊肉汤,不准吃酒宴。
第一批来了,第二批来了,一批又一批的参观者都对长岭乡牧场特别是那碗羊肉汤留下了很深的印象。
转眼到了第二年的春天,市扶贫办的领导得知长岭牧场的事,决定到牧场看看。这下可慌了刘乡长,他电话与县委张书记商量了好长时间,询问接待的事宜,张书记最后在电话中毫不犹豫地指示:仍然用羊肉汤招待。
市领导来了,他们转圈看了看牧场后表示满意,就是不见大羊群,便问羊呢?刘乡长心慌慌的,说正在联系贷款购买。现在资金是个大问题,希望市里能给扶持点。中午他们端起羊肉汤时,一位老领导提了个问题:这羊肉是从山下买的,还是在山上杀的?刘乡长忙回话:“这是咱牧场的羊,现宰现熬,鲜得很,鲜得很!”这位领导盯着碗里羊肉和漂在汤里厚厚的一层油,皱起眉头问:“一天能宰几只?”刘乡长忙竖起两根手指:“两只,两只!”领导没有再说话,放下羊肉汤就走了。
刘乡长等着市扶贫办的答复,但眼看牧场的优质绵羊宰完了,还不见上面的精神。于是他沉不住气了,去找县委张书记。张书记正在低着头看一份《内参》,一行醒目的标题在张书记和刘乡长眼前晃着:《参观者一年吃掉一个牧场》。张书记沮丧地说:“刚才市里来了电话……牧场暂时关闭。”
(选自《最好的小小说》)
(1)下列对小说有关内容的分析和概括,最恰当的两项是()(5分)A.小说善于运用生动形象的细节表现人物内心的情感,市扶贫办领导对刘乡长他们的做法不满,就是通过老领导表情的细微变化表现出来的。
B.这篇小说描写了长岭乡建牧场,由脱贫致富典型,发展为接待参观者,牧场羊快被吃完的过程,故事情节曲折新奇,小说结尾出人意料。
C.第三自然段描写县委办工作人员安排各级领导参观的日程表,突出了长岭乡接待任务的密集繁重,也为后面情节的发展作了很好的铺垫。
D.作者运用各种艺术手法刻画人物形象,特别是运用心理描写、动作描写、细节描写、环境描写等手法,准确巧妙,给人留下了深刻印象。
E.这篇小说运用典雅凝练,风趣幽默的语言,反映了农村脱贫致富深层的问题,具有较强的讽刺意味,艺术感染力强,能引起读者的深思。
(2)小说后半部分引用了《内参》的报道,作者这样写对情节安排有什么作用?(6分)
(3)小说中刘乡长这一形象有哪些特点?请简要分析。(6分)
(4)从牧场关闭原因的角度,谈谈你对小说主旨的理解。(8分)
四、实用类文本阅读(25分)
12.阅读下面的文字,完成(1)~(4)题。(25分)
程万琦的爱国心
1992年8月28日,程万琦创建的世界华人协会在香港成立。经过十多年的发展, 协会会员已逾600万,分布在138个国家和地区,是迄今为止最大的华人社团。
程万琦祖籍广西,1940年生于越南,家中四个子女,名字中间的字分别为“世、泽、万、民”,以表爱国之心。程万琦的曾祖父程圆亮,是清朝刘永福“黑旗军”中的得力干将;祖父程璧金,曾任孙中山秘书,中国银行行长;父亲程成虹,1921年在上海加入中国共产党,是共产党早期党员。百年来,“民族大义”是程家祖上传下来的家规祖训之根本。
“有国才有家”,程万琦带着浓重的粤语口音屡次表达着他人生信念的核心。创建一个团结世界华人华侨组织的想法也随之在他心中萌生。中国本土上有13亿中国人,散居于世界各地的华侨、华人大约有4千多万。如此庞大的群体,要成立一个非政治、非牟利的团体,其难度可想而知。但是 程万琦清楚:天下华人是一家,振兴中华,必须发动更多的华人参与,将华人的力量凝聚在一起,形成排山倒海之势。为了这个梦想,程万琦奔波了10多年,跑遍世界200多个国家,会晤了无数的华人组织,调解了无数组织间的纷争……
程万琦将世界华人协会的宗旨定为“团结全球华人,提高华人在当地社会中之地位和保障华人权益,弘扬中华文化和振兴中华”,多年来,世界华人协会正在这个宗旨的指导下为祖国的富强而贡献着力量。经世界华人协会牵线搭桥于内地成功兴建的外资、合资企业已近5000家。
1975年,程万琦第一次到内地,看到百姓生活与世界的距离明显拉大,心情沉重。1978年,程万琦见到邓小平,将中国非常有必要引用外资,增强国力,提高百姓生活水平的想法讲了出来。一段时间后,中国坚定不移地推行了改革开放政策。
20多年,程万琦将自己的满腔热血都投入到祖国的复兴与富强中,而他本人从来没有从中拿过一分钱的报酬,也没有赚过国家的一分钱。他将自己的主要业务大都集中在海外,香港只占小部分,他的经商宗旨是不赚同胞的钱,所以未到内地投资。他说:“我即使是最初打工,也是给外国公司打工,赚外国老板的钱。”
程万琦出生在一个祖国积贫积弱的年代,“华人与狗不得入内”的屈辱,让程万琦从内心里发誓要挺直腰板,在所谓“西方人的领域”做出中国人自己的一番事业来。
1980年,程万琦在纽约创建了东方银行并任行长,同时在世界各大城市开设金融公司,从事金融投资业务及国际贸易。
2002年,他以亚洲篮协代表的身份竞选国际篮联主席获胜,代表13亿中国人,走上了有212个国家和地区参加的世界级第一大体育总会主席的位置,成为亚洲有史以来进入国际篮联第一人。此前,程万琦曾任亚洲跆拳道协会会长,亚洲篮球联会会长等职,是第一个身兼两个洲际体育组织会长的华人。他代表祖国作为一个体育大国在国际场合发出了自己的声音。
很多人试图描绘程万琦的一生,却因他的经历太丰富而罢手。唯有“传奇”是对程万琦一生最准确的概括。而他缔造这个属于中华民族的传奇,除了与生俱来的坚韧和豪爽,家族的传承与教育,赋予他超乎常人的魅力与魄力之外,最主要的还是深入骨髓的中华民族传统文化的根基与血脉。
(摘自《中华儿女》作者:华南 孙聚成 有删节)(1)下列对文章有关内容的分析和概括,最恰当的两项是()(5分)
A、世界华人协会是程万琦创建的非牟利的政治团体,其宗旨是“团结全球华人,提高华人在当地社会中之地位和保障华人权益,弘扬中华文化和振兴中华”。
B、程万琦的家族有着悠久而优良的爱国传统,家族的传承与教育,以及与生俱来的坚韧豪爽的性格,使他魅力超群,魄力非凡,这是他事业成功的重要原因。C、为了祖国的复兴与富强,程万琦不惜抛洒满腔热血却从不拿一分钱的报酬,他从没赚过自己国家和自己同胞的一分钱,即使最初打工,也是赚外国老板的钱。
D、程万琦的经历太丰富,使许多试图为他立传的人感到难以下手。唯有“传奇”一词,是对程万琦一生最准确的概括。他缔造的这个传奇是属于中华民族的。
E、这篇文艺性较强的人物通讯,是一篇对广大青年进行爱国主义教育的优秀教材。作者以细腻的描写、丰富的事例,从多个侧面记叙了程万琦的爱国事迹。
(2)从第③段开始,作者从哪些方面记叙了程万琦的爱国事迹?请分条简要概述。(6分)
(3)有人认为,第⑨自然段与振兴祖国经济建设没有关系,应将其删除。你同意这个看法吗?说说你的理由。(6分)
(4)文中说:程万琦“缔造这个属于中华民族的传奇,除了与生俱来的坚韧和豪爽,家族的传承与教育,赋予他超乎常人的魅力与魄力之外,最主要的还是深入骨髓的中华民族传统文化的根基与血脉。”这句话给你怎样的启示?请结合全文,谈谈你感受最深的一点。(8分)
第Ⅱ卷 表达题
五、语言文字运用(20分)
13.依次填入下列各句横线处的成语,最恰当的一组是()(3分)①.提高入党门槛,严格把控入党动机,提高党员队伍的整体素质建设,让
的党员远离党组织.
②.一些不法商人为了牟利,对石头"动起了手脚",奇石市场不乏伪石、假形石,这对于奇石的收藏产生了一定的消极影响。
③.由于没有产品标准,企业各行其是,果冻市场,乱象丛生,迫切需要建立果冻产品的市场准入标准,以规范日益混乱的市场。
A.滥竽充数 泥沙俱下 鱼目混珠 B.滥竽充数 鱼目混珠 泥沙俱下 C.泥沙俱下 鱼目混珠 滥竽充数 D.鱼目混珠 泥沙俱下 滥竽充数 14.下列各句中,没有语病的一句是()(3分)A.针对东京一设计公司在对越南的ODA援助计划中拿回扣一事,日本政府决定在防止此类事件再发的相关政策出台前,暂停对越南ODA援助计划。
B.2013年,河南滑县的粮食总产量达28亿斤,连续22年保持全省第一位,其中小麦产量超 过18亿斤,堪称中国小麦生产第一县。
C.如果宽带网络发展水平落后是多种主客观因素共同造成的,那么,宽带收费标准不
一、用户变更过户难则是由于典型的人为因素使然。
D.在国内,得了癌症,不少患者知道吃药、手术,不知道放疗,甚至不敢接受放疗。可是在美国,有放疗参与的肿瘤治愈率约是60%--70%。
15.依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句,排序最恰当的一项是()(3分)“罗密欧与朱丽叶效应”表明,人人都有一种自主的需要,都希望自己能够独立自主,__________,同时更加喜欢自己被迫放弃的事物。
①一旦别人代替自己做出选择 ②就会感到自己的主权受到了威胁 ③从而产生一种心理抗拒 ④排斥自己被迫选择的事物 ⑤而不愿意做被人控制的傀儡 ⑥并将这种选择强加于自己时
A.①⑥②③④⑤
B.③⑤①⑥④② C.④①②③⑤⑥ D.⑤①⑥②③④ 16.观察下面的漫画《乌鸦喝水》,简述漫画内容并揭示其寓意。(6分)
内容:___________________________________ 寓意:___________________________________
17、仿照下列句式,续写两个句子,使之与前文组成意义相关的句子。(5分)
能买到佳肴,不能买到胃口; 能买到药品,不能买到健康;,。
五、写作(60分)
18、请以“此生最爱你”为题,写一篇不少于800字的文章。
要求:(1)、自定立意,(2)、除诗歌外文体不限,(3)、文体特征鲜明。
2015—2016学年上学期高一期中考试语文试题
参考答案
1、【答案】:C(偷换概念。第二段“从词语本身找不到任何流行的理由”的说法表明,“理由”不能简单等同于“流行的理由”。A项和B项的答题区域在第二段,D项的答题区域在第四段。)
2、【答案】:B(参照第三段“人们上网发表意见可能是自由的”的说法,A项“人们能在网上自由地发表意见”的说法曲解原意,变或然为实然。A项的答题区域在第四段,C项和D项的答题区域在第六段。)
3、【答案】:A(条件缺失。从全文来看,热词出现和流行的原因包括“网络为当代中国民众提供了一种新的政治表达可能”、“网民自发形成的积极介入态度”、“普通民众对媒体操控者和所谓‘权威’的不信任”、“每个网民个人的直觉和判断,来自一个人内在的同情心和正义感”等方面,“媒体操控者和所谓‘权威’不受信任”只是热词出现和流行的原因之一。C项的答题区域在第三段,B项的答题区域在第五段,D项的答题区域在末段。)
4、【答案】:B解析:假:暂时代理。
5、【答案】:A
6、【答案】:D 解析:A.此句是宋义骂项羽鲁莽的话。B.此项是宋义的话,“项羽心里不服宋义为上将军”也是无中生有。C “诸侯的军队”是楚军的盟军,“臣服”也不对。
7、【答案】:(1)现在上将军不体恤士兵却徇私情,这不是国家的大臣。(2)项羽从此开始为诸侯中的上将军,诸侯都听从他了
8、【答案】:“寒”字暗示了战事持续之长,写出了战场的空旷寒冷,突出了战争之惨烈。
9、【答案】:诗中刻画了一位威武自信、浴血沙场、豪情盈怀、不畏牺牲、英勇善战的将军形象。全诗不着一语直写人物,而是通过玉鞍战马、带血战刀的侧面描写及城头战鼓、月下沙的烘托渲染来刻画将军的形象。
10、【答案】:略。
11、(1)、【答案】:(5分)A C 选A给3分,C给2分,D给1分;选B、E不给分。【解析】B “脱贫致富典型”不准,只是脱贫项目,尚未脱贫致富。“结尾出人意料”不全对,结尾也在情理之中; D项没有环境描写;E“运用典雅凝练,风趣幽默的语言”不对,本篇小说语言朴实无华。
(2)、【答案】:(6分)①照应前面情节:正因为市扶贫办的考察,发现长岭乡依然贫困的原因,才会有《内参》文章的出现。②推动情节发展到高潮:《内参》的文章为关闭牧场提供了依据,情节逻辑合理。③给读者留有想象的空间,表现结尾的突转:参观者吃掉一个牧场,令人深思。
11(每点2分,共6分。意思对即可。)
(3)、【答案】:(6分)①因地制宜,真抓实干:为了长岭乡脱贫致富,在荒岭上建立牧场。②头脑灵活,积极争取:面对频繁的参观者,他用羊肉汤来接待;向县委书记询问接待事宜,希望市扶贫办扶持牧场。③没有原则,缺乏远见:为了不辜负领导期望,为了让参观者满意,无休止地宰羊接待,使得牧场的羊大幅减少,也没有彻底摆脱迎来送往的官场作风。(每点2分,共6分。意思对即可。)
(4)、【答案】:(8分)①长岭乡自身的原因:建立起了牧场,但是结构单一,表达了没有可持续发展资源的乡村依然贫穷的主旨。②县委张书记的原因:张书记考察后指示各级领导参观,增加了牧场的负担,并对羊肉汤赞不绝口,助长了招待风气,表明上级政府的形式主义、表面文章使贫困的百姓更贫困的主旨。③各级参观者的原因:一批批的领导参观牧场,都对长岭乡牧场特别是那碗羊肉汤留下了很深的印象,揭示频繁的请吃拖垮了牧场的现象。④ 政策和资金扶持不足的原因:长岭乡牧场要发展,真正脱贫致富,还要靠优惠的政策和贷款扶持。(每点2分。共8分。意思对即可。)
12、(1)(5分)【答案】:B D(A“政治团体”应为“非政治团体”,参见第三段; C “从没赚过自己同胞的一分钱”对文意的理解过于绝对,程万琦的业务有小部分在香港,这部分业务挣的是香港同胞的钱,参见第六段;E “文艺性较强”、“细腻的描写”等有误,本文语言平实,人物描写是粗线条勾勒)(对一项得3分,对两项得5分)
(2)(6分)【答案】:大体从三个方面:①从世界华人协会创建方面,写程万琦为创建协会所作的艰苦努力,以及该协会为祖国的富强所作的巨大贡献。②从关心祖国建设和百姓生活方面,写程万琦向国家领导人建言献策,提出增强国力,改善百姓生活的具体措施。③从事业方面,写程万琦在所谓“西方人的领域”里做出了属于中国人自己的一番事业。(每条2分,立足文本、紧扣文意作答,不机械地照抄原文句子,意思对即可)
(3)(6分)【答案】:不能删除(1分)。这个自然段记叙了程万琦在体育事业上作出的卓越贡献,表明他的贡献是多方面的,不止局限于经济、金融等领域,从而有力地证明了程万琦“在所谓‘西方人的领域’做出中国人自己的一番事业来”这一观点(3分)。从“事业”这一侧面表现其爱国思想,进一步突出主题。如果将其删除,程万琦的“事业”就显得单薄了,削弱了文章的说服力和感染力(2分)。
(紧扣文意作答,意思正确即可;如果答“同意删除”,一般按零分计;个别能说出一定道理的,酌情在3分以下给分)
(4)(8分)【答案】:观点一:程万琦的家族有着悠久而优良的爱国传统,由于家族的传承和教育,他与生俱来就有着坚韧和豪爽的特点性格,这为他赋予了超常的个人魅力和魄力,所以,他才竭力创建世界华人协会,投身祖国的复兴与富强,在“西方人的领域”做出中国人自己的事业。程万琦的家族传统和性格优势,成就了他一生的“传奇”。
观点二:程万琦热爱中华民族,并亲手缔造了属于中华民族的传奇,这最主要还是因为中华民族传统文化中的爱国主义精神、忧国忧民思想、自强不息性格等深深的扎根在他的心底,所以,他才能处处从团结全球华人、弘扬中华文化、振兴中华民族的角度去安排自己的人生,去缔造那动人的“传奇”。中华民族传统文化才是他真正的根基和血脉。(两种观点均可。观点2分,阐述6分。言之成理即可)
13、【答案】:B 解析:“滥竽充数”表示以次充好,用于人或物。“鱼目混珠”指鱼眼睛掺杂在珍珠里面,比喻以假乱真,一般用于物。“泥沙俱下”比喻好的坏的掺杂在一起。
14、【答案】:A。解析:B主语暗换,应是“滑县堪称中国小麦生产第一县”;C句式杂糅,由于……使然;D“约是60%--70%”累赘重复。
15、【答案】:D 【解析】 “都希望”之后可以顺承解释,也可以转折对举。由此可知,④⑤均有起始机会,但是④①②③⑤⑥中③⑤⑥无法在逻辑上建立关系,可知⑤①⑥②③④正确。
16、(6分)【答案】:内容:老一代乌鸦用向水瓶中投放石子抬升水位的方式,喝到水;而新一代乌鸦则直接用石块打破水瓶,来喝到水。
寓意:讽刺、批评新一代那种只顾眼前利益、不计长远利益,急功近利乃至杀鸡取卵的行为。
17、(5分)能买到文凭,不能买到知识;能买到选票,不能买到尊敬。(意思符合即可)
18、【写作指导】:这是一道命题作文题。写好这篇作文的关键在于对题目中的“你”的选择,因为他是衡量文章立意高下的重要指标。原则上讲,“你”可以是人、事、景、物等大千世界的任意一个元素。(1)人。可以是现实中的人,如父母师长、同学朋友等;也可以是文学作品中的人,如贾宝玉、保尔等;还可以是历史人物,如汉武帝、诸葛亮等。(2)事。可以是读书、收藏、运动、旅游、助人、慈善等。(3)景。神奇的九寨沟山水,壮观的黄果树瀑布,险峻的华山,辽阔的草原等。(4)物。日月星辰,花鸟虫鱼皆可入文。松的高洁、竹的气节、梅的傲骨、山的沉稳等都可成为歌咏的对象。注意要写出自己之所以“最爱”某人、某事、某景或某物的原因,不能单纯只是“爱的絮语”。此外,文章所写最好是一种事物,不要四面开花。参考译文:
章邯击败了项梁军队以后,就以为楚国的兵力不足以忧虑,于是引兵渡过黄河攻打赵国,大败赵兵。这时,赵歇作赵王,陈余为大将,张耳任相国,都逃进了巨鹿城。
楚王召见宋义,与他议事,非常喜欢他。因此任命他为上将军,项羽为鲁公,为次将,范增为 13 末将,出兵救赵。其他将领都为宋义部属,号为卿子冠军。
行军到安阳,停留四十六天,不再前进。项羽对宋义说:“我听说秦军在巨鹿围住赵王,我们应该尽快带兵渡过黄河,楚军攻打他们的外围,赵军在里面响应,必定可以击破秦军。”宋义说:“不对。现在秦国进攻赵国,打胜了,军队一定疲惫,我们可以趁他们的疲惫之机(攻打他们);打不胜,我们就率领大军,擂鼓长驱西向,必定推翻秦朝,所以不如先让秦、赵相斗。披甲胄,执兵器,我不如你,但坐下来运用策略,你不如我。”于是给军中下达命令说:“势如猛虎,违逆如羊,性贪如狼,倔强不听指挥的,一律斩首。”于是派遣他的儿子宋襄去辅助齐王,亲自送到无盐,大宴宾客。当时天寒大雨,士兵冻饿交加。项羽说:“正当合力攻秦,我们却久留而不前进。今年收成不好,百姓穷困,士卒只能吃芋头、豆子,军中无存粮。况且,(楚王)把全国兵力集中起来交给上将军。国家安危在此一举。现在上将军不体恤士兵,却徇私情,这不是国家的大臣。”项羽就在宋义的帐中斩下了宋义的头,在军中发布命令说:“宋义与齐国同谋反楚,楚王密令我杀掉他!”这时,诸将都畏服,不敢有异议。于是拥立项羽为代理上将军。
项羽就引兵全部渡过黄河,把船沉入河中,砸破做饭的锅,烧了住处,只带三天的干粮,用以表示一定战死,不准备再回来(的决心)。在这时就包围了王离,与秦军相遇,打了九次战斗,断绝了他们的通道,打败了他们,杀死了苏角,活捉了王离。这时,楚兵为诸侯军中最强大的。在城下的有十余支救巨鹿的诸侯军,没有敢放纵自己的军队的。到楚军进攻秦军时,诸将都在城上观看。楚军战士没有一个不是以一当十的,楚兵呼声震动天地,诸侯军没有哪个不恐惧。在这时就攻破了秦军,项羽召见诸侯军的将领,他们进入辕门,没有不跪在地上前行的,都不敢抬头仰视。项羽从此开始为诸侯中的上将军,诸侯都听从他了。
第四篇:河北省唐山市滦南县第一高一英语上学期期中试题
河北省唐山市滦南县第一中学 高一英语上学期期中试题
本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分, 共150分,考试时间120分钟。(注:涂卡时请将试题31-35答案涂到卡的71-75,卡上31-35涂A,其余试题与卡对应涂好。)第I卷
第一部分:听力(共两节,满分30分)
做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)请听下面5段对话,选出最佳选项。
1.When will the woman get to the bus station? A.Before 8:00.B.By 8:15.C.After 8:30 2.What are the speakers talking about? A.When the children left for school.B.How the children went to school.C.Why the children stayed at school.3.On what day does the conversation take place? A.Monday
B.Saturday
C.Friday 4.What can we learn from the conversation? A.The man doesn’t think the woman works at the bank on High Street.B.The woman doesn’t know the man.C.The woman has been here for a long time.5.What can we know about the man? A.He can understand nothing.B.He understood the main idea at last.C.He still can’t understand the main idea.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)请听下面5段对话或独白,选出最佳选项。请听第6段材料,回答第6、8题。
6.Why did Mary stay at home yesterday evening? A.To do her homework.B.To take care of her baby sister.C.To watch TV.7.What was on TV last night? A.Boxing.B.Singing.C.A good film.8.What did John do last night? A.He watched a basketball match.B.He enjoyed music.C.He saw a film.请听第7段材料,回答第9至11题。9.How old is the house? A.30 years.B.23 years.C.33 years.10.Why does the woman want to sell the house? A.She doesn’t like it.B.She wants to live in the country.C.She needs money to buy a house for her son.11.How much does the woman want for the house? A.$15,000.B.$50,000.C.$150,000.请听第8段材料,回答第12至14题。
12.What was the woman’s purpose in going to New York during the vacation? A.To visit an American family.B.To learn English.C.To go sightseeing.13.When did the woman come back from America? A.On July 5th.B.On July 25th
.C.On August 25th
14.What can we know about the American classes? A.The teachers taught mostly speaking.B.The teachers were serious.C.The students were quiet.请听第9段材料,回答第15至17题。15.What does the man consider a challenge? A.Managing staff.(全体人员)B.Solving finances.(财政)C.Teaching tennis.16.What kind of person does the woman think the man is? A.One who can handle everything.B.One who can’t handle pressure.C.One who is easily nervous.17.What is the talk mainly about? A.Teacher and student.B.Boss and secretary.C.Workmates.请听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。18.What is the talk mainly about? A.Why people read newspapers.B.How people read newspapers.C.When people read newspaper 19.Which of the following isn’t mentioned in the talk? A.How news passed five hundred years ago.B.How newspapers get the information.C.How long it took for important news to be passed five hundred years ago.20.What is the speaker’s attitude towards ads in newspaper? A.They are boring.B.They cheat the customers.C.They are beneficial(有益的)for both the companies and the newspapers.第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题2分,满分20分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the eleventh largest nation in Europe.England, Wales and Scotland make up the island of Great Britain, which takes up most of the Britain Isles.Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales are mountainous.The highest mountain is Ben Nevis in Scotland.Plains and valleys cover much of England.The British climate is mild.About 58 million people live in the United Kingdom.Few other countries are so crowded.Four out of five people live in cities such as Belfast, Glasgow, and London.London is the capital.Great Britain grows half of the food it needs.Its industries help to pay for the food that is bought from abroad.The United Kingdom manufactures a wide range of goods.Service industries, such as tourism, that provide services rather than producing goods, are increasing.Traditional industries, such as coal mining, are declining.21.There are many mountains in ______________.A.Northern Ireland, Scotland and England B.England, Wales and Scotland C.Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland D.Northern Ireland, Wales and England 22.In the United Kingdom, about __________people live in big cities.A.58 million B.46 million C.38.8 million D.half 23.According to the passage, which of the statements is true? A.Great Britain grows all of the food it needs.B.The United Kingdom manufactures a narrow range of goods.C.The speed of tourism in UK is increasing faster than producing goods.D.The coal mining is also increasing fast.B Robert and Peter study in the same university.They do everything together and help each other.But they often play jokes on each other.The school year was over last month and they decided to travel through the country in America.They drove a car and could stop wherever they were interested in and started whenever they wanted.Of course they enjoyed themselves.It was very hot one day and they were both hungry and thirsty.They stopped in front of a restaurant by the road.They came in, sat down at a table and ordered some dishes.Robert looked around and found there was a small bowl on the table.He thought there was some ice cream in it and took a spoonful of it and put it into his mouth.Immediately he knew it was mustard(芥末),but it was too late.Tears ran down his face, but he pretended nothing had happened.The other young man, seeing his friend crying, asked, “What are you crying about, Robert?” “I’m thinking of my father who
was hanged twenty years ago,” was his reply.
After a while, Peter made the same mistake.Tears ran down his cheeks, too.And his friend asked him why.
“I wonder why your father hadn’t been hanged before he got married!” 24.Robert didn’t tell Peter it was some mustard in the bowl because. A.he wanted his friend to repeat the mistake.B.he didn’t know his friend hated it. C.he thought his friend knew what it was. D.he thought his friend was interested in it. 25.What do Peter’s last words mean? A.Robert’s father would be hanged earlier. B.It was wrong to play a joke on a friend. C.He must give his friend a lesson. D.His friend wouldn’t be born.
26.The writer mainly wants to tell us________ in this passage. A.not to trust your friend. B.a joke
C.not to mistake mustard for Ice cream. D.it’s wrong to lie to friends C It is common and usual to see people freak out when they face challenges in their life.We all pass in different life problems and challenges.No one is free of life problems.Only a dead man faces no problem.As long as you are alive, challenges are everywhere.How do you face problems and challenges in your life? Problems and challenges are the building blocks of your personality.They make you who you are.Besides, whether what happened in your life builds or destructs you depends on how you look at it.If you take your problems as troubles, they will be troubles and may cause destruction.If you take them as constructive tools, you are going to be built up on them.Problems are everywhere.No one can avoid them.And they are good too.They open up a different look and opportunity if you are willing to see.When you face troubles, do not frustrate or freak out.Just cool yourself to think in a different direction.Think in a positive way.Every problem has its own good as well as bad sides.Focus on the good one.Look at the bright side.Besides, there is always a good person, perhaps your mom or dad, or one of your friends, right beside you, who can turn everything into your best if you are willing to turn to them.No matter what happens, they will be there to help you.Trust them and they will never let you down.All you need to know is that you are loved wherever you are.27.What’s the meaning of the underlined phrase “freak out” in Paragraph 1? A.feel shy.B.stay calm.C.keep silent.D.feel upset.28.In Paragraph 2, the writer implies(暗指)that ______.A.problems cause troubles C.challenges can be avoided
B.attitude is everything
D.personalities are built on failures 29.What’s the writer’s purpose to write the passage? A.to encourage.B.to compare.C.to prove.D.to explain.30.What can be the best title of the passage? A.How to Avoid Problems
B.Challenges Are Everywhere C.Face Your Challenges Bravely D.You Are Loved Wherever You Are 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(注:涂卡时请将试题31-35答案涂到卡的71-75,卡上31-35涂A,其余试题与卡对应涂好。)
The impression you make at the beginning of an interview(面试)is very important.Employers often decide to hire someone in the first three minutes of the interview.They judge you by your appearance, attitude and manners(礼貌).A friendly smile when you walk into the room is important..31 When you introduce yourself, make eye contact(接触)with the interviewer.____32___ Others don’t.Try to be as natural as possible.33 The way you sit, walk, gesture, use your voice and show feelings on your face is all part of your body language.It makes the interviewer know how you feel about yourself and the situation you are in.34 If you don’t understand a question, ask the interviewer to repeat or explain.Almost everyone is nervous in a job interview.Interviewers know that.35 But they expect you to try to control your nervousness.They expect you to show confidence in your ability to do the job.At the end of the interview, thank the interviewer for her or his time.A.Some interviewers offer a handshake.B.They don’t expect you to be totally calm and relaxed.C.But pay attention to your body language.D.All of the employers are very serious.E.A smile shows a confident and positive(积极的)attitude.F.Listen to questions carefully.G.Don’t interrupt the interviewer.第三部分:英语知识运用(共二节,满分40分)
第一节 单项填空(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)36.—— My son has won the singing competition.——_________.5
A.Thank you B.Congratulations C.You are right D.Good luck 37.The manager insisted that the work ____ finished by the end of this month.A.should be B.will be
C.must be D.ought to be 38.—— Do you know our town at all? —— No, this is the first time that I ____ here.A.have come B.was C.came D.am coming 39.Gone are the days ________ China was called “a Sick Man of East Asia”.A.that B.if
C.when
D.what 40.He devoted all his life to ________ those who are suffering from cancer.A.helping
B.help
C.be helped
D.being helped 41.After teaching in Bejing for five years, he returned to the small town ________ he grew up as a child.A.where B.when
C.which
D.that 42.________ his appearance, he is most probably a new teacher.A.Judging with B.Judging from
C.Going through
D.Going over 43.His parents told him ________ too much about what others said.A.don’t care
B.not care
C.to not care
D.not to care 44.Tom said that he was late because he ________ in the elevator.A.got trapped
B.trapped
C.got lost
D.lost 45.It was with great joy ________ he went to Shanghai to work as a volunteer there.A.because B.before
C.since
D.that 第二节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
That was when my son was 6 years old.My son is now 22 but whenever I look at him even as a grown man, I remember the small child with 46.Our cat was 47 to give birth.And like all young children, my son was very interested in the birth of the babies.During the following week, he never stopped 48 me for a chance to witness it.At last, I agreed.I answered all his questions and prepared him the best 49 he might not be shocked or frightened.That 50 when my son arrived home, one baby cat had been born.He was so 51 at what he saw that he would put his hand on the mother cat’s stomach and feel the other babies 52.When the mother cat began to 53 very loudly, it was clear that the second baby was on its way.My son 54 but never said a word.Then he asked me, “Mum, 6
why does she cry so loudly when the baby comes?” I 55 that it was not a hurtful pain but a pain of great pleasure 56 the mother.When the 57 of the third baby was coming by the crying of the mother cat, my son 58 hugged(拥抱)me with tears 59 his face, saying, “Mum, I’m sorry for the 60 I brought you to have me.” My heart almost stopped.With a(n)61 choice of words, I told him that his birth has brought me 62 but smiles, and that I would like to 63 it 100 times.Now my son is a grown man, but he always 64 that night, for it was on that night that he finally 65 what the word “love” meant.46.A.smiles 47.A.willing 48.A.begging 49.A.unless 50.A.morning 51.A.amazed 52.A.jumping 53.A.laugh
B.tears
C.interest C.ready
D.care
D.upset
B.determined
B.searching
B.until
C.thanking
C.as if
D.commanding
D.so that B.afternoon C.noon D.night D.sad B.frightened C.angry
B.sleeping C.moving
B.cough
D.growing
D.shout
C.cry
54.A.watched B.noticed C.found D.responded D.added D.for D.protection
D.naturally 55.A.realized B.explained C.expressed 56.A.in 57.A.loss
B.with
C.on
B.birth C.performance
58.A.suddenly B.peacefully C.actually 59.A.calming down B.rolling down C.setting down D.turning down 60.A.pain B.trial
C.cruelty C.useless
D.violence 61.A.hopeful B.careful D.informal D.everything
D.go through 62.A.something 63.A.join in 64.A.regrets
B.anything C.nothing C.dream of
B.suffer from
B.remembers C.ignores B.decided
D.prefers 65.A.understood 第Ⅱ卷
C.admitted D.doubted 注意事项:将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。第四部分 写作(共四节,满分50分)
第一节 单词拼写(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)
根据下列句子及所给汉语注释,写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。(每空只写一词)66.Yesterday I ________(不同意)with him about what we should do.67.After the earthquake everything was completely ____________(破坏).68.When did you ____________(毕业)from the middle school? 69.He felt ___________(不安的)for she left without saying goodbye.70.The shoes he bought are of good __________(质量)第二节 语法填空(共10个小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词正确形式(不多于3个单词)。71.I enjoy reading, but I _____(tire)of so much reading.72.I study hard in order____ know more about the world.73.He came ___ with a good idea at the meeting yesterday.74.Young people always dream ______ a bright future.75.We can’t make up _____ minds whether to go or to stay.76.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ____(ruin)77.As soon as he heard the news , he burst out _______(cry).78._______ he has failed many times, he never lost heart.79.After graduation, they set ________ their own business.80.It was not long _____ the city began to breathe again.第三节 改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处,每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
Dear Brad, I’m very glad to hear from you.In your last letter you ask about the post-80s in China.Actually I am the boy who belongs to this group.Comparing with our parents, life for us is getting much hard.The job market is tough and the house is expensively to afford.Now many girls prefer to marry with a man who owns a house and a car.Therefore, I don’t think love built on house and cars is true love, and I doubt how long it will last.As a matter of fact, though situations are tough today, a lot of we post-80s are making great efforts live a good life.I believe we will have a nice future.Li Hua 第四节 书面表达(满分20分)
世界在发展,文化在交融,英语已经成为人们沟通的桥梁。怎样学好英语是我们一直在探索的问题。几年的学习经历你一定积累了许多成功的经验,请从听说读写四个方面谈谈你的建议。
要求:1.词数:100词左右
2.字迹工整,语言流畅,表达正确,逻辑清晰。
度第一学期高一年级期中考试
英语试题答案
听力:1-5 BACBC 6-10 BABAB 11-15 CBCAC 16-20 ACABC 阅读:21-23 CBC 24-26ADB 27-30 DBAC 31.E 32.A 33.C 34.F 35.B 单选:36-45 BAACA ABDAD 完形填空:46.B 67.C 48.A 49.D 50.D 51.A 52.C 53.C 54.A 55.B 56.D 57.B 58.A 59.B 60.A 61.B 62.C 63.D 64.B 65.A
书面表达: How to learn English well
English is important and useful to us.How can we learn it well? Here are my suggestions.First, we should often listen to the tapes, English songs and programs.Watching English movies is also helpful to us.Second, we should speak English in class as much as possible.Don’t be afraid of making mistakes.The more you speak, the fewer mistakes you’ll make.We'd better join the English club and practice with others.Third, we can read more English newspapers and magazines.It’s good for us.At last, we should recite some good passages and keep diaries.In a word, as long as we do more listening, speaking, reading and writing, we will learn English well.附件1:律师事务所反盗版维权声明
附件2:独家资源交换签约学校名录(放大查看)
学校名录参见:http://www.xiexiebang.com/wxt/list.aspx?ClassID=3060
第五篇:2011-2012学年上学期期中试题
2011-2012学年上学期思想品德期中试题
一、单项选择题(每小题2分,共40分)
1、“自尊心是一种美德,是促使一个人不断向上发展的原动力。”这句话意思是说()
A、自尊的人赢得他人的尊重B、自尊的人自爱C、自尊的人最看重人D、自尊是促使人奋发进取的心理因素,它使人产生巨大的精神力量
2、我们常听大人们说:“这孩子真懂事。”这里所说的“懂事”主要是指()A、学识广,知道的事情多B、懂得讨人欢心C、明善恶,辨是非D、做事老练,左右逢源
3、作为当代青少年,以下属于我们责任的有()
①完成学习任务,努力塑造自我 ②关心爱护和帮助他人③为集体增添荣誉和力量 ④ 为朋友两肋插刀A、①②③B、②③④C、①②④D、①③④
4、桑桑无意中打碎了商店的杯子,你认为合适的做法是()A、保持沉默。若无其事B、找各种借口为自己辩护C、主动说明原因,并承担责任D、偷偷溜走
5、同学们经常去公园捡垃圾,宣传环保。小王说:“谁乱丢垃圾让谁去捡。凭什么让我来干?我不去!”小王的表现是()
A、对自己不负责任B、对社会不负责任C、对集体不负责任D、对他人不负责任
6、人的最大敌人往往是自己的软弱。要想抵制诱惑,就必须()A、学好科学文化知识B、两耳不闻窗外事,一心只读圣贤书C、坚定自己的意志,把握正确的良知标尺D、培养各种各样的情趣
7、长辈、亲朋往往是我们生活的向导,然而他们的思想言行必然反映社会的复杂性。对长辈们的言行,我们需要()
A、分清是非,问个究竟B、无原则地一概服从
C、长辈如果做错了,我们也应该帮助纠正D、高兴就听,不高兴就不听
8、在三好学生的评选中,学习优秀的小明同学因平时爱说谎、言行不一致而落选。这一事例启示我们()
A.只要诚实守信,就能评上三好学生B.只要学习好就能评上三好学生C.要学会做一个诚实的人,真诚待人,诚实地学习、生活D.只要拉选票、就能评上三好学生
9、俗话说:“善意的谎言不为欺骗。”这是指()
A善意的谎言并不违背诚实的道德标准 B对亲人所说的谎言可以不看成是欺骗C只要心存善意,就可以说谎话D不论什么样的谎言都不具备欺骗性
10、小林在朋友钟强的强迫下,答应为他旷课打游戏的事保密。你认为小林对自己的承诺A应该守信,因为承诺一旦作出,就必须兑现
B不应该守信,因为承诺是在被迫的情况下作出的,而且旷课打游戏是错误的 C应该守信,因为只有守信才能赢得合作伙伴的信任 D应该守信,因为守信才能获得别人的尊重
11.法国作家雨果说:“善良是历史中最稀有的珍珠,善良的人几乎优于伟大的人。”这句话是说()A.历史中很少有善良的人B.善良的人不一定是无私奉献的人C.善良的人是伟大的人D.做善良的人往往要吃大亏 12.《农夫与蛇》的寓言故事,告诉人们()A.做人要忠厚B.与人为善要是非分明
C.与人为善不要考虑个人得失D.善良的人是不讲原则的好先生 13.作为一个人,每个人的 都是平等的A.人格B.经济状况C.职权D.受教育程度 14.“小信诚则大信立。” 这句古语启示我们()
A.诚实守信是做人的基本原则B.诚实就应该无所顾忌地说出一切C.诚实不需要“善意的谎言”D.大事要讲诚信,小事可以撒点谎15.近年来,诚信问题已成为整个社会公众关注的焦点。这说明()A.宣传教育可以从根本上解决社会诚信问题
B.我们的社会提倡诚信,我们做人要以诚信为本C.诚信养成只需个人自律,不需要法律的规范
D.诚信问题是我国当前的头等大事,一切都要为诚信而服务
16.有位老奶奶双目失明,平常的生活起居全靠两个女儿照料。一天,由于一次意外,大女儿不幸去世。为了老奶奶安度晚年,小女儿告诉老奶奶姐姐由于工作的原因去了外地。这样,小女儿不仅一个人承担了赡养奶奶的职责,而且还固守着姐姐去世的秘密,直至老奶奶去世。下面是人们关于小女儿隐瞒事情真相的一些看法,你认为正确的是()
①小女儿善意的谎言并不违背诚实的道德②无论小女儿的出发点如何,她都是在说谎,说谎就是不诚实的表现③小女儿是一个拥有诚信智慧的人④小女儿的做法维护了老奶奶的利益,使其能安度晚年
A.①②③B.②③④C.①②④D.①③④ 17.关于诚实,下列说法不正确的是()
A.诚实是美好道德的核心,是各种良好品质的基础B.诚实意味着实事求是,表里如一
C.诚实拒绝谎言,无论在什么时候、什么场合,都要实话实说D.只有人人诚实守信,社会秩序才能有条不紊,文明进步才有可能
18.诚实做人,应该重承诺。重承诺有两个方面的要求:一是重视自己许下的诺言,说过的一定要做到;二是不要轻易许诺,没能力做的、不打算做的、不应该做的事情,决不能去承诺。下列不符合承诺要求的是()
①考试前,你的好朋友要你在考试时传答案给他,你虽然觉得这样不好,但还是答应了他②星期天,同学约你去公园,你不准备去,却答应了③你的同学犯了错误,要你别告诉老师,你答应了他,当老师找你了解情况时,你信守自己的诺言④你和同学约好去郊游,可此时却下起了雨,但你还是按时赶到了约好的地点
A.①②③B.②③④C.①③④D.①②④ 19.右图公益广告“帮助了别人,快乐了自己”是因为()。
①帮助他人仅仅是为了别人的需要 ②帮助他人不仅是为了别人的需要
也是自己内心情感的需要
③帮助他人,体验生命的快乐④助人不仅是付出,也是快乐
A.①②③ B.②③④C.①③④ D.①②④
20.右边漫画中“微尘”捐款的行为是的表现。()。
A.宽容他人B.悦纳自己 C.相互尊重D.与人为善
二、非选择题:(共60分)
21、小于是某校八年级的学生,某星期天,他的表哥来到他家,约小于去打老虎机,说打老虎机与他人赌钱很有意思。假如你是小于,你会怎么办?说说你的理由(6分)
22、徐本禹:如果眼泪是一种财富,徐本禹就是一个富有的人,在过去的一年里,他让我们泪流满面。从繁华的城市,他走进大山深处,用一个刚刚毕业的大学生稚嫩的肩膀,扛起了倾颓的教室,扛起了贫穷和孤独。也许一个人的力量还不能让孩子眼睛铺满阳光,爱被期待着。徐本禹点亮了火把,照亮了每个人的心灵
丛飞:深圳绝症歌手丛飞长达11年的慈善资助。曾经资助贵州、湖南、四川等贫困山区178名贫困儿童,累计捐款达300万元。请回答:(1)为什么要参与社会公益活动?(4分)
2)从徐本禹、丛飞的事迹中你发现他们都有什么样的共同点?(4分)
3)我们应该怎样培养自己的责任感?(5分)
23.2008年9月27日,备受各界关注的“华南虎照”造假者周正龙,在大量事实和有力证据面前,交待了其为骗取钱财用老虎画拍摄华南虎照片的犯罪事实,教训深刻。(如右图)陕西省旬阳县人民法院做出一审
判决:周正龙犯诈骗罪被判有期徒刑2年6个月,并处罚金2000元。
(1)材料中周正龙的行为违背了哪一做人的 基本原则?(2分)(2)结合“周老虎事件”,谈谈我们应如何坚守 这一做人原则?(6分)
24.周总理生前不知疲倦地为党和国家操劳,对身边的工作人员都非常尊重。每次工作人员给他端茶或送东西,他总是站起来双手接过去,微笑着朝服务员点点头表示感谢。更感人的是,周总理在生命弥留之际,仍不忘感谢守护在他身边的医护人员。
(1)上述材料表明了什么?(2分)
(2)从这则故事里你受到什么启发?(至少两点)(4分)
25.近期,学校为提高学生的思想道德素质,打造“诚信”校园,举办了以“诚信”为主题的手抄报宣传活动。下面是八(2)班梦云同学设计的手抄报 :
请你帮助她完成,希望你能成为她的最佳合作伙伴!
(1)梦云同学想在“诚信问题面面观”栏目中列举同学中普遍存在的不讲诚信的问题,以警示大家。请你帮她完成这一部分。(至少两例)(4分)
(2)为打造“诚信”校园,梦云准备在“风采展示”栏目内写三条宣传标语,请你帮她完成。(3分)
(3)在“校长信箱”栏目,梦云想给校长提出几条有关加强诚信教育的建议,请你帮她设计两条。(4分)
26.材料一:党的十七大报告指出,在看到我国各项事业取得成绩的同时,也要清醒认识到,我们的工作与人民的期待还有不小的差距,前进中还面临不少困难和问题。
材料二:看右图漫画《如此野炊》。阅读上述材料,运用所学知识回答:
(1)材料一中,我们前进中面临的困难和问题是什么?
(2)如今外出旅游已经成为人们生活中的一总分,请你为旅游景点设计3条保护环境的宣传标语。
说明:学生可以从多种角度回答,但不可偏离主题。(言之有理,即可得分)