商务合同相关翻译对照-译国译民公司

第一篇：商务合同相关翻译对照-译国译民公司

商务合同相关翻译对照

-译国译民翻译公司

看了之后明白了很多英文“之乎者也”所对应的现代文，对合同 英语 的结构和特色也有了大概的了解。值得一看。

Contract 与 Agreement的有无区别

在英语中，合同一般称为Contract，协议一般称为Agreement。

何谓“contract”?

1999年中国《合同法》第二条对contract定义为： A contact in this Law refers to an agreement establishing, modifying and terminating the civil rights and obligations

between subjects of equal footing, that is, between natural persons, legal persons or other organizations”。根据这一定义，合同平等主体之间设立的确定民事权利和义务的协议。，Steven H.Gifts编著的“Law Dictionary”中将contract 定义为“contract is a promise, or a set of promises, for breach of which the law gives remedy, or the performance of the

which the law in some way recognize as a duty.”根据这一定义，合同是一种承诺，违反承诺可以得到法律救助，某种意义上法律将履行该承诺看作是一种补偿。

L.B Curzon 在其编撰的字典“A Dictionary of Law”给contract的定义：“Contract is a legally binding agreement”根据这一定义，合同就是有法律约束力的协议。

综合起来，有一个相同点，就是“Contract is an agreement”，即可将合同说成是“An agreement which binds the parties concerned”或者说合同说成是“An agreement which is enforceable by law”，也可以说：Contracts are promises that the law will enforce。

何谓“Agreement”?

L.B “A consensus of mind, or evidence of such consensus, in spoke or written form, relating to anything done or to be done.”

根据这一定义，协议是对已经做或准备做的相关事宜，经过谈判、协商后取得一致意见，以口头或书面形式做出的约定。

Black “Law Dictionary”有两个定义。一个是：“A concord of understanding and intention between two or more parties with respect to the effect upon their relative rights

and duties, of certain past or future facts or performance”根据这一定义，协议即双方或多方京某些过去或将来某些事实的相关权利、义务或相关权利、义务的履行而达成的一致理解和愿望。

另一个是：“The consent of two or more persons concurring respecting the transmission of some property, right or benefits，with the view of contacting an obligation, a mutual obligation.”根据这一定义，协议即两个或多个当事人，为了约定单方责任或相互责任，就财产权利、利益的转移取得的一致同意。

Contract(合同)和Agreement(协议)是不是可以互换呢?

合同的成立必须具备几个主要因素。它们(要约和承诺构成的)协议、约因、设立法律关系的愿望和缔约能力四大部分组成。

L.B Curzon编著的“A Diction of Law”提到：“Contract generally involves”

1.offer and absolute and unqualified acceptance(要约和绝对接受)

2.consensus ad idem(意思表示一致，也叫meeting of minds)

3.intention to create legal relations(建立合同关系的意愿)

4.genuineness of consent(同意的真实性)

5.contractual capacity of the parties(合同当事人的缔约能力)

6.legality of object(标的物的合法性)

7.possibility of performance(履行的可能性)

8.certainty of terms(条款 的确定性)

9.valuable consideration(等价有偿)

Black＇Law Dictionary“ 中解释道：Although often used as synonyms with ”contract“, agreement is a broader term, e.g.an agreement might lack an essential element of a contact.”

即“协议”和“合同”经常用作同义词，但“协议”这一 术语 含义更广，例如协议可能缺乏合同的必备 条款(essential clauses/provisions)。

实际使用当中，协议可不受必备条款的限制，而称为合同的文体肯定少不了必备条款，有的合同将其单列，称为一般条款(General provisions)。，1999中国《合同法》第十二条 规定 了八项一般条款，分别是：

1.title or name and domicile of the parities(当事人的名称或姓名和住址)

2.contract object(标的)

3.quantity(数量)

4.quality(质量)

5.price or remuneration(价款或者报酬)

6.time limit, place and method of performance(履行期限、地点和方式)

7.liability for breach of contract(违约责任)

8.methods to settle disputes(解决争议的方法)

上述解释说明，contract(合同)和agreement(协议)的概念虽然接近，但使用范围不同，不能互换使用。合同是协议的重要组成部分，所有合同一定是协议，而协议不见得都是合同。可以说具备合同成立要求的具有强制执行力的协议才是合同。

结构特点

合同类法律文件用以 规定 当事人的权利与义务，是预防与解决争议的依据。合同英语行文缜密而准确，历史悠久，深含法律文化底蕴。

中文的合同开头一般先罗列当事人的名称、姓名、住所或营业场所，然后是合同正文，结尾是当事人印章、授权代表签字、职务及签字日期。而英语合同一般以下面这类句式为开头：

This agreement/contract is made and entered in to this ____ day of _____(month), _______(year)by and between Party A(hereinafter

called “ Party A ”)and Party B(hereinafter called “ Party B ”)

然后是开始陈述：

WHEREAS„THEREFORE

„ It is hereby agreed as follows:

或以：

WITNESSETH, WHEREAS„

NOW THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows:

接着是正文，最后是证明部分：

IN WITNESS WHEREOF，the parties hereto have hereunto set their hands the day and years first above written.随后还包括当事人和见证人的签字。签字日期一般在英文合同最搬弄是非是找不到的。

下面列出新加坡、美国、香港和日本的合同格式。

A.新加坡

Agreement

THIS AGREEMENT is made the 9th day of August, 2001 between LUCKY INTERNATIONAL LTD, a company incorporated in

Singapore and having its registered office at Telek Blongar Rise, Singapore 19569(hereinafter called “The Company”)

of the part and JACK Wong(NRIC No._________ /A)of 108 Orchar Road, Singapore 01688(hereinafter called “The Manager”)of the other part.WHEREAS:

1.The company is engaged in IT business and requires a person with the necessary qualifications and experience to manage its business.2.„.NOW IT IS HEREBY AGREED as follows:

1.The company shall employ the Manager and the Manager shall serve the Company as manager of the Company’s IT business for a period of two years commencing on 1st day of September

2.„.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have set their hand the day and year first above written.THE SCHEDULE ABOVE REFERRED TO...

第二篇：商务合同中长句的翻译技巧-译国译民翻译公司

商务合同中长句的翻译技巧

-译国译民翻译公司

英文合同中使用的大量长句，主要分为三大类：简单长句、复合长句和并列长句。在翻译这些长句时，首先要正确理解各种相关成分的逻辑关系，然后再适当切分，理出句子的主干成分。最后再按汉语表达习惯，变动语序，重新组合。这样才能连贯、准确、清晰地予以表达。今天我们就先说一下简单长句和并列长句的翻译。

一、简单长句及其翻译

在翻译英文商务合同中的简单长句时，首先要正确理解各种相关成分的逻辑关系；然后再适当切分，理出句子的主干成分，翻译时以句子的主干为主导；最后再按汉语表达习惯，变动语序，重新组合。这样才能连贯、准确、清晰地予以表达。下面举三个简单长句翻译的例子来说明：

1．The Buyers may，within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination，lodge a claim against the sellers for short-weight being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor.这是一个简单长句，其主干为The Buyers may„lodge a claim„。

修饰谓语动词的状语有三个，a.分别表示时间within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination

b.方式being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor和

c.目的for short-weight

而且状语中还有状语，作定语的分词issued还有自己的状语by a reputable public surveyor。

众多状语，尽管在英语中的位置十分灵活，然而按照汉语的行文规范，方式状语一般应位于动词之前；而有些状语在译文中可以灵活处理，例如本句中的时间状语，可以提前至句首。因此，上句可译成：货物抵达目的港15天内，买方可以凭有信誉的公共检验员出示的检验证明向卖方提出短重索赔。

2.Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract，the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the Seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of USD30,000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at export port.此句的主干为„the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price„to the Seller，其中含有一个时间状语within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract。

从语用的角度来看，商务合同中许多时间状语表示的是某一缔约方必须在何时何地承担某一义务和享有某一种权利，即时效性。因此整个句子的重心不是句子的动词，而是发生动作的时间。

在译成中文时，为了突出行为的时效性，时间状语应尽量靠近表示义务责任的关键词“须”。此句中还含有一个较为复杂的方式状语by opening an

irrevocable L/C„，其中含有三个介词短语作定语修饰an irrevocable L/C。按照汉语的行文规范，方式状语一般应位于动词之前。

此外，若动词同时带有时间状语和方式状语时，英文的通常顺序是方式在前，时间在后，而汉语却正好与之相反，为方式在后，时间在前。因此本句可译成：

买方须于本合同签字并生效后30天内通过出口地银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款计30 000美元。

3.The Equipment and Material shall be carefully and properly packed in the best and stable condition according to the figures and characteristics of the Equipment and Material so as to withstand long-distance sea and inland transportation and numerous handlings.此句的句子结构并不复杂但包含一个较为复杂的方式状语。从语用特征的角度来看，方式状语通常都是规定性的，其作用是规定合约方履行某项义务必须采取的方式或手段，在合同的语言环境下，即使有关缔约方履行了合同规定的义务，但若其履行义务的方式与合同规定的方式不符，乃构成违约。因此，方式状语的作用通常都是比较重要的。本句可译成：

设备和原料须根据其形状和特点以完善而牢固的方式精心妥当地包装，包装须适合于长途海、陆运输，能经受多次装卸。

二、并列长句及其翻译

由于撰写合同时不能遗漏任何可能情况，所以英文商务合同中往往有大量并列成分。这些并列成分包括并列的词、短语以及从句。从语用角度看，并列的平行结构使合同的句式平衡，表意完整。在翻译由两个或两个以上的并列单句构成的复杂长句时可以采用分句译法。并列长句的分句之间的语义关系比较松散，因此翻译时可以断开，分解成单句独立存在。例如：

The Buyer shall have the right to claim against the Seller for compensation of losses within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination，should the quality of the goods be found not in conformity with the specifications stipulated in the Contract after re-inspection by the China Commodity Inspection Bureau and the Buyer shall have the right to claim against the Sellers for compensation of short-

weight within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination，should the weight be found not in conformity with that stipulated in the Bill of Lading after re-inspection by the CCIB.此句由两个结构相同的并列分句组成，均为主句在前，条件状语在后，在两个条件状语中均含有时间状语，此外，两个并列分句中也都含有时间状语，均为within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination，译成中文时，条件状语应分别置于主句之前，而所有的时间状语均放在各自修饰的动词的前面。同时，为了符合汉语句式较短的特点，可以将两个并列分句断开，分解成两个单句，即译成：

若货物经中国商品检验局复检后发现质量与本合同之规定不符，买方有权于货物抵达目的港后的60天内向卖方提出索赔。若经中国商品检验局复检发现货物质量与提单所示重量不符，买方有权于货物抵达目的港后的60天内向卖方提出短重索赔。

第三篇：英文求职信-译国译民翻译公司

英文求职信

During the past then years, my experience has been concentrated in the masonry and plastering products supply industry with a building materials firm.During my six years as General Manager, I took an old line business, which had undergone several years of poor management, and reversed the trend.I upgraded the firm's image, and customer and vendor relations, which subsequently increased the dollar volume and bottom line profits by 300%.My employment background consists of twelve years at the Deaconess Hospital, where I provide a wide range of administrative, financial, and research support to the Chief Executive Officer.I have a strong aptitude for working with numbers and extensive experience with computer software applications.YOU REQUIRE: I OFFER:

A college degree A Bachelors degree in English from Long Island University

Fluency in Italian and French Fluency in Italian, German, and French

Office experience Experience as a receptionist at a busy accounting firm

Typing skills Accurate typing at 60WPM

Willingness to travel Willingness to travel

My work experience and my scholastic endeavors have thoroughly prepared me for employment in a firm that specializes in various segments of law.This fall and past summer, I have been working for a small general practice firm where I am entrusted with a great deal of responsibility.I write appellate briefs, memoranda in corporate, contract, and criminal law, and I draft complaints and answers.I also actively participate in attorney-client conferences by questioning clients and by

describing how the law affects the clients' suits.I offer extensive knowledge of five computer languages and strong management, sales, and sales support experience.As a Computer Specialist, I was responsible for the management of a center handling the complete line of Honeywell computers and peripherals for home and commercial use.In addition to a B.S.degree in Business Administration, I will receive a certificate in Programming this May.Please note that I am currently completing my senior year at North Dakota University and will receive my B.S.degree with a major in accounting and a

concentration in computer programming in May.Throughout school, and during full-time and part-time employment, I have continued to strengthen my focus in these areas.In addition, I have excellent problem-solving skills and feel that, if given the opportunity, I would be an immediate as well as a long-term asset to your firm.I am presently a senior in good standing at New York University, due to graduate in May.I am pursuing a Bachelor of Arts degree with a major in Journalism and a minor in both Economics and English literature am proficient in both WordPerfect and Microsoft Word for Windows, and am familiar with both IBM and Apple operating systems.I am presently working as a Research Intern for the Economics Division of Trade winds Publishing in Newark.I have six years of experience, two as an apprentice and four as a licensed electrician, handling all kinds of electrical installations, working with electrical

contractors, and as a subcontractor.Presently I am investigating new opportunities in which to apply my education and experience with a well established company.I am capable of working independently or as a member of a team and feel confident of my ability to provide quality performance in any assignment that I undertake.During the past fourteen years, my experience has ranged from senior auditor with Keane & Co.Peripherals to my current position as Vice-President/Controller of a $90 million, multi-plant CD-ROM manufacturing operation.I believe that my expertise and entrepreneurial insight can be utilized to the advantage of a growing enterprise with a need for effective and efficient financial management and cost control.As you will note, I have fifteen years of educational and media experience.I am proficient in the operation of a wide variety of photographic, video, and audio equipment.I am regularly responsible for processing, duplicating

第四篇：翻译商业计划书-译国译民

翻译商业计划书

-译国译民翻译公司

项目商业计划书，是为企业的项目融资、战略合作等提供的高质量的正规商业文件，由中商情报网专家团队编制。计划书严格按照国际通行惯例，针对企业的项目特点和实际需求，凸显翻译项目的投资和实施优势，特别强调项目自有的商业模式和盈利模式，可以帮助翻译项目主办方，向投资人或战略合作对象全面展示企业或项目的目前状况和未来发展潜力。计划书着重关注技术与产品、管理团队、行动计划、经营目标、财务分析、投资回报等。整个计划书市场调研充分、资料说明有力、财务分析透彻，能够帮助翻译项目主办方达到招商融资或其它发展目标。

中商情报网是国内最早开展金融咨询服务的公司之一，拥有近十年的行业经验，积累了大量的成功案例，综合服务优势突出。中商智业和国家统计部门、各主要行业协会长期保持良好关系，拥有畅通的数据采集渠道，目前拥有1000多个行业从1998年至今年完整的统计数据和市场调查数据，其内容包括行业经济指标、进出口数据、价格数据、主要企业数据。中商智业优秀的行业分析能力得到客户高度认可，众多研究结论被国内主流财经媒体引用。我们的信息采集优势使我们能高质量完成商业计划书的行业、市场分析和竞争分析部分。根据项目的投资额度、所属行业和语言版本，实行梯形定价方法，科学合理。涵盖机械装备、电子信息、石油化工、能源、冶金、农业、食品、轻工、交通运输、医药、医疗等行业项目。

本计划书主要有以下几大用途：

一、获得VC/PE投资

二、获得政府资金投入

三、获得银行贷款

四、实现企业并购

五、规划公司和项目

翻译商业计划书编制有相对固定的格式，包括反映投资商所有感兴趣的内容，从企业成长经历、产品服务、市场营销、管理团队、股权结构、组织人事、财务、运营到融资方案。是企业或项目单位为了达到招商融资和其它发展目标之目的，在经过对项目调研、分析以及搜集整理有关资料的基础上，根据一定的格式和内容的具体要求，向投资商及其他相关人员全面展示企业项目目前状况及未来发展潜力的书面材料;商业计划书是包括项目筹融资、战略规划等经营活动的蓝图与指南，也是企业的行动纲领和执行方案。

第五篇：上海译国译民翻译公司成长历史

上海译国译民翻译公司成长历史

上海译国译民翻译服务有限公司，成立于2003年2月27日，中国翻译协会理事单位和美国翻译协会会员单位，中国的十大翻译公司之一。公司致力于消除语言障碍，创造沟通价值，让多语种翻译和跨国沟通像泡茶一样简单，从而让您轻松应对国际语言环境，畅享全球化带来的种种便利。

上海译国译民作为全球化时代多语言处理解决方案的首选供应商，在北京、上海、广州、深圳、重庆设有翻译服务中心，是一家全国连锁的专业翻译服务机构。为多家世界500强企业提供翻译服务。现有专职翻译师、译审、项目经理、桌面排版工程师共50余人。小语种外协译员多达2000余名，可以处理包括英语、日语、韩语、俄语、德语、法语、意大利语、西班牙语、葡萄牙语等在内的近70个语种的笔译和口译工作。拥有专业同传设备和VCD翻译,配音设备，并与北外、上外、南大等高校副教授以上的高级翻译人员保持着长期的合作关系，注重提高翻译服务质量，努力打造翻译公司行业品牌，外语通的使命就是为您扫除语言和文化障碍，成为您全球化道路上值得信赖的合作伙伴。

为了保证翻译质量，对整个翻译和本地化过程进行有效控制和管理，我们基于ISO9000质量管理标准和LISA QA模型(LISA QA Model)以及其它一些翻译标准制订了我们内部的质量管理控制程序，对整个翻译和本地化流程进行了细致的划分和优化，精确控制每个环节和最终质量。专业的翻译质量、诚实的工作态度、良好的心理素质、完美的理想追求、全面的服务，是译国译民的目标。不断超越自己、追求更高要求，是译国译民在以后的工作的主要方向。

随着广大客户对外语通的认知和信任，译国译民公司的影响和知名度日益扩大，衷心希望我们与越来越多的客户接触，并建立长期友好的合作关系。