第一篇：2018年江苏省专转本英语阅读理解题特点及技巧
英语阅读理解题特点及技巧
一、阅读理解题的选材与命题特点
近几年的英语试卷保持了“稳中有变，变中求新，立足语篇”的基本命题思路。在阅读理解方面主要考查考生理解主旨要义、理解文中具体信息、根据上下文推断词义、根据短文判断和推理、理解文章的基本结构以及理解作者的意图与态度等方面的能力。现以卷I为例，谈谈阅读理解题的选材及命题特点。
1.对语篇领悟能力的检测仍是高考的重点和基本点
英语阅读理解着重检测考生对语篇的整体把握能力、根据所提供的语境进行语篇分析的能力以及综合利用有效信息解决实际问题的能力。在近几年的高考中，涉及较低能力要求的事实性和细节性考题的比例虽呈上升趋势，但词义猜测、推理判断和主旨概括等深层次试题仍占很大比重。
2.选材更趋多样化、现代化和生活化，突显语言与文化相结合的特点
就体裁而言，阅读材料所选择的文段涉及叙述体、论说体和应用体等多种文体；选材风格保静予连续性，既注重题材的多样化、现代化和生活化，又较为综合地反映了政治、经济、文化和生活的各个方面，贴近生活，贴近时代，体现了“语言是文化的载体”这一重要理念。
3.阅读材料更趋于“原汁原味”，设问方式更加深入
阅读材料基本保留了其原有的语言风格，文章的展开不再是平铺直叙，而是兼有倒叙、插叙等多种方式；一词多义、熟词生义、多种时态的混用、结构复杂的长句、省略句以及插入语等语言现象比较常见。阅读材料的文化含量加大，文章的行文风格更具英语语言的特点，文章的遣词造句也更加地道，许多考生通常要反复阅读几遍才能读懂。
二、阅读理解题答案与干扰项关系的分析
正确的选项往往是命题人员把阅读材料的内容或信息用不同的语言形式再现出来。一般而言，答案项的设置有以下几种方法：
(1)选用原文中的词句；
(2)使用原文词句的同义词或相似结构；(3)使用原文词句的反义词或相反结构；(4)答案项是对生词、长句或难旬的解释；
(5)答案项是对原文词句或段落的归纳、推理或演绎；
(6)使用原文的上下义结构，如用“科学”涵盖“计算机、航天、发明、电子”等概念。干扰项的设置通常有以下几种方式： 1.张冠李戴
命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。
以题“The author planned to stop at Oklahoma City______.”为例。此题乍看C项“to pay at the cash register”和D项“to have more gas for his car”都对，因为原文中有这么一句“While I Was standing in line at the cash register，I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas”。很明显作者是停下来付款加油时，偶遇一对老夫妇并问好，似乎选项C和D本身都没错，但题干问的是“作者计划在俄克拉荷马市逗留的原因”，如果考生没有理解题干，就会误选C项或D项。正确选项应为A项“to visit a friend”。
2.偷梁换柱
干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造
成句意的改变。
“It can be inferred that greyhounds_______.”为例。此题乍看应选B项“like staying in bed all day”，因为原文中有这么一句“especially they would much rather be at home in bed than walking around outside”.殊不知选项中加了“all day”，使意思绝对化了。正确选项应为D项“need some exercise outdoors”。考生若注意不到此细节的变化，势必造成失分。
3.无中生有
干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。
“We may infer from the last two paragraphs that______.”为例。干扰项C项“English courses are necessary for foreign students”就是这种情况，而正确答案应为A项“different teaching methods should be used”。解答这类考题时考生还应注意问题中有无“In the author’s opinion”或“According to the passage”之类的限定语。
4.以偏概全
考生在做猜测文章中心思想、给文章添加标题或判断推理题时，往往会犯以偏概全的错误。产生这类错误的原因是考生受思维定势的影响或考虑不周，以局部代替整体。其具体表现为合理关联与不合理关联、准确概括与不准确概括之间的错位。
不合理关联就是表层理解与深层理解相混淆。表层理解是对文章中客观事实的感知和记忆，往往是文章直接表述的结论；深层理解则是对文章中的客观事实进行逻辑推理、总结或概括后得出的结论。
例如，“What did Loftus find out from her research?”的正确答案为B项“People Can be led to believe in something false.”。而误选C项“People tend to forget their childhood experiences.”的考生显然是根据文中“it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences„ The researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured memory through leading questions”的信息得出的，但它只不过是表层信息，其对原文信息的转述并不全面。
不准确概括是指不能准确地按题目要求概括或提取文中的表层或深层信息。
例如，“What is the text mainly about______.”的正确答案为D项“Life after retirement”。干扰项A项“Learning to paint in later life”与C项“An artist turned teacher”极具迷惑性，但它们只是文章中的某个细节信息。考生如果不清楚细节信息与短文主题之间的关系，就容易犯概括不准确的错误。
三、阅读理解题的解题思路与技巧
解答阅读理解题的总体思路是：单句人手。语篇突破，着眼整体，归纳推断。一般有以下两种阅读顺序(P＝Passage，Q＝Question)：
(1)P—Q—P：即先看文章，后看问题，再通过阅读文章来解答问题。这是考生常用的按部就班的阅读方式。其特点是有利于考生把握文章的主旨和作者的态度。但采用这种阅读方式的考生往往阅读速度较慢，因此难以在阅读时积极主动地预测文章内容。
(2)Q—P—Q：即先将问题看一遍，然后带着问题去阅读文章，最后答题。其特点是针对性强，节省答题时间，比较适用于解答事实性和细节性的问题，但是解答主旨性和推断性问题的效果不明显。
P—Q—P方式或Q—P—Q方式的采用因人而异，无优劣之分。当然，题型不同，解题的方法也应有所不同。
常用的解题技巧有以下几种： 1.正选法与排除法
正选法即根据所读材料内容从正面选择最佳答案。如果在有些情况下从正面选择答案有困难，考生则可以考虑选用排除法，即排除四个选项中的三个错误选项，那么剩下的选项即为正确答案。排除法是解答阅读理解题的常用方法，对于那些不合情理或荒谬的选项、与短文内容相反的选项、与短文内容不相关的选项、虽在短文中出现但答非所问的选项，以及不是问题的主要因素的选项等，都可以采用排除法。
考生可以遵循如下“三级思考”的方法排除干扰项：
(1)如果干扰项明显与文章相矛盾，即为“误”，可以直接排除。
将难题化解。
请看题：
What Elizabeth Taylor and Velvet Brown had in common was that they were both________.A.popular all their fives B.famous actresses C.successful when very young D.rich and kind-hearted 根据文章内容，考生可以列出以下四个相同的信息点(见下表)：
Information 1 When she started in National Velvet--the story of Velvet Brown, a young girl who wins first place in a famous home race.(短文首句)Information 2 Her acting in National Velvet is still considered the best by a child actress.(第一段末句)Information 3 After her success as a child star, Taylor had no trouble moving into adult roles and won twice for Best Actress.(第二段)Information 4 Like Velvet Brown in National Velvet, she has been lucky: she has beauty, fame and wealth.(末段第二句)Conclusion They were both successful when very young.通过此表，考生可以清楚地得出本题的答案为C项。4.概括法与推理法
概括法指根据所读材料概括文章主题、要点、标题和中心思想等；而推理法则指根据所读材料的字面意思，通过语篇的逻辑关系以及各个细节的信息和暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意，悟出作者的言外之意和弦外之音。考生在运用推理法时首先要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索；然后再对文字的表面信息进行挖掘和加工，由表及里，由浅人深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合和判断等思维活动对文章进行深层处理以及合乎逻辑的推理。此时切忌就事论事、以偏概全，也不能主观臆想、随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
请看题：
According to White, why were the women surveyed more likely to use old computers? A.Most office workers use old computers.B.They do some of their work with computers.C.Dealing with new equipment can cause anxiety.D.They are easier to be satisfied with new technology.文章最后两段提到，接受调查的三个国家的妇女更有可能使用旧电脑，而英国比法国和德国使用up—to-date computers的人更多，最后一段分析了其中的原因“continually having to deal with new technology can also be a source of worry„the frequent change of equipment is also, or could be，a main cause of dissatisfaction”。由此可以推断，不断更新的技术也会使人产生焦虑，导致负面情绪的产生，所以被调查的妇女更喜欢使用旧电脑。
5.常识法与背景法
常识法是考生利用已有的常识进行识别和判断的方法。背景法与常识法相似，指考生充分运用所读材料的信息答题。请看题：
To cover a small piece of burning wood with a basin in order to stop the fire is all example of_____.A.separating the fire B.reducing the heat C.removing the fuel D.cutting off the oxygen 本题为一道常识题，考生根据自己学过的化学知识可知，燃烧要具备三要素：可燃物、氧气和温度，这有助于理解第二段首句“Since fuel, oxygen and heat must be present in order for fire to exist, one or more of these things must be removed or reduced to extinguish a fire”的意思；另外，通过第三段内容“Another method of extinguishing fire is by cutting off the oxygen.This is usually done by covering the fire with sand, steam or some other things.”可以推断出：用cover的方法来灭火属于cutting off the oxygen的范畴。
在阅读过程中，为了既迅速又准确地理解文章的含义，利用信号词预测非常重要。信号词可以揭示句子内在关系或文章各部分之间的关系(见下表)。特别是在快速阅读时，它能帮助考生预测文章信息，提高阅读速度。
部分信号词及其所预示的信息 信号词 预示的信息
however, on the contrary, although等 信号词引出的内容是与上文相反的论述，或作者不同的观点
similarly, equally, also, besides, furthermore, in other words等 下文与前面所讲内容相同或相似
for example, for instance等 具体例证，说明上文中的论点 for one thing, on the other hand等 下文还有另外一方面 in a word, in short等 后面的句子是对上文的总结
actually, in fact, the point is „, a study survey found/ showed/proved that „等 后面的句子往往是作者想要表达和强调的内容或观点
此外，在利用信号词进行预测时，考生还需注意以下三点：
(1)遇到预示前后内容相同或相近，或者补充说明的信号词时，可以适当加快阅读速度，或借此推测生词的词义。
(2)文中出现的频率较高的实词可以帮助考生确定文章的主旨大意。
(3)出现代词I, we, my, our, 转折词but, however, yet，情态动词must, should, ought to, 连词although, though。其后所述内容与刚提到的内容相反，或暗示作者的观点和态度等信号词时，要放慢阅读速度，因为其附近的信息往往是命题和答题的主要线索或依据。
第二篇：江苏省专转本英语考试大纲
江苏省专转本英语考试大纲
考试内容： 专转本英语考试包括五个部分：阅读理解、词语用法与语法结构、完形填空、翻译、作文。
试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（客观题）和第Ⅱ卷（主观题）两部分。两卷满分150分。考试时间为120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷（客观题）：（100分）
第一部分：阅读理解(Part Ⅰ：Reading Comprehension)
第二部分：词语用法和语法结构(Part Ⅱ：Vocabulary and Structure)
第三部分：完形填空(Part Ⅲ ：Cloze)第Ⅱ卷（主观题）：（50分）
第四部分：翻译(Part Ⅳ：Translation)
第五部分：写作(Part Ⅴ：Writing)第一部分：阅读理解(Part Ⅰ：Reading Comprehension)：（共20题，每小题2分，共40分）
要求考生阅读4篇短文，每篇阅读量不超过300词。每篇短文后有5个问题，考生应根据文章内容从每题四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。选材的原则是：
1、题材广泛，可以包括人物传记、社会、文化、日常知识、科普常识等，但是所涉及的背景知识应能为学生所理解；
2、体裁多样，可以包括叙述文、说明文、议论文等；
3、文章的语言难度中等，无法猜测而又影响理解的关键词会用汉语注明词义。
阅读理解部分主要测试下述能力：
1、掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；
2、了解说明主旨和大意的事实和细节；
3、既理解字面的意思，也能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论；
4、既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文的逻辑关系。
阅读理解部分的目的是测试学生通过阅读获取信息的能力，既要求准确，也要求有一定速度。
第二部分：词语用法和语法结构(Part Ⅱ：Vocabulary and Structure)：（共40题，每小题1分，共40分）
题目为词和短语的用法和语法结构。要求考生从每题四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。试题主要相关于谓语动词的时态语态、非谓语动词、it作形式主语或形式宾语、强调句、倒装句、从句引导词、虚拟语气等。
词语用法和语法结构部分的目的是测试学生运用词汇、短语及语法结构的能力。
第三部分：完形填空(Part Ⅲ ：Cloze)：（共20题，每小题1分，共20分）
在一篇或两篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文(约200词)中留有20个空白，每个空白为一题，每题有四个选择项，要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选择一个最佳答案，使短文的意思和结构恢复完整。填空的词项包括结构词和实译词。
形填空部分的目的是测试学生综合运用语言的能力，包括语法概念、词汇运用、篇章结构的理解等综合能力。
第四部分：翻译(Part Ⅳ：Translation)：（共10题，共35分）
一般为英译汉、汉译英各一半。两种翻译虽然在形式上不同，但就其本质，就是在谙熟两种语言内在结构的基础上自由转换。在英译汉过程中有通过之前文章理解全文基 2 础的上进行翻译的趋势。
英译汉的能力主要取决于对英文的理解能力，汉译英的能力主要取决于用英语的表达能力。
第五部分：写作(Part Ⅴ：Writing)：15分
要求考生写出一篇120词以上的短文，试卷上可能给出题目，或规定情景，或要求看图作文，或给出段首句要求续写;或给出关键词要求写成短文。要求能够正确表达思想，意义连贯，无重大语法错误。写作的内容包括大学生的学习和生活以及广受关注的一些社会热点问题。在功能上，主要涉及事件陈述、现象描述、问题概括、举例论证、利弊分析、因果分析、观点阐述、观点总结。
短文写作部分的目的是测试学生运用英语书面表达思想的初步能力。考试时间： 150 分钟。
第三篇：江苏省专转本考试大纲
江苏省专转本《大学语文》考试大纲
发布时间：2011-12-28 14:34:10 浏览：110
一、考核目标
主要考核学生的语文基础知识和运用马克思主义的立场、观点和方法阅读、分析浅近文言文、一般语体文的能力以及写作常用文体的能力。
二、考核内容
考核内容分为四个部分：语言知识、文学常识、阅读分析、基础写作。
（一）语言知识
1、识别古今意义有所不同的词语；了解文言词语一词多义现象；注意掌握现代汉语中仍然在运用的文言词语。识别通假字和古今字，理解其含义。
2、了解常用文言虚字之、其、者、所、诸、焉、则、而、于、以、且、乃等的用法和同一个文言虚字在不同语言环境中的不同含义。
3、理解文言文中与现代汉语不同的语法现象和句式，如使动用法、意动用法、名词作状语、名词用作动词、宾语前置、判断句、被动句等，并能正确地翻译成现代汉语。
4、理解古今作品中比喻、比拟、对偶、排比、夸张、层递、反复、设问、反诘等修辞格。
（二）文学常识
文学常识主要包括古今各种文体知识；中国古代和现当代重要作家及其主要作品；作家的朝代、字号、文学成就、诗文集名称、代表作、在文学史学上的地位；重要作品的作者、出处及名句；各种文学流派和文学现象。
（三）阅读分析
对于古代、现代文学作品的内容大意，段落层次，主旨或中心论点，哲理内涵，人物形象，故事情节，作者的思想观点、感情态度，作品所用的表现手法（对比、衬托、比兴、白描、象征等），修辞手法（比喻、比拟、对偶、排比、夸张、层递、反复、设问、反诘、引用等）能进行准确深刻的欣赏分析。
（四）基础写作
基础写作包括两方面的内容：一是正确理解应用文写作知识，并会具体运用写作知识进行写作实践，具体掌握书信、通知、通告、通报、请假条、感谢信、慰问信、倡议书、总结、调查报告、广告、合同、申请书、产品说明书等的写作；二是根据所给题目或材料，撰写议论文或记叙文。要求中心明确，思想健康，内容充实，结构完整，条理清楚，文字通顺，标点准确，书写整洁，不少于 800 字。
“专转本”英语考试大纲
发布时间：2012-2-20 18:21:44 浏览：618
考试内容：
专转本考试包括五个部分：阅读理解、词语用法与语法结构、完形填空、翻译、作文。
试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（客观题）和第Ⅱ卷（主观题）两部分。两卷满分150分。考试时间为120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷（客观题）：（100分）
第一部分：阅读理解(Part Ⅰ：Reading Comprehension)第二部分：词语用法和语法结构(Part Ⅱ：Vocabulary and Structure)第三部分：完形填空(Part Ⅲ ：Cloze)第四部分：翻译(Part Ⅳ：Translation)第五部分：写作(Part Ⅴ：Writing)
第一部分：阅读理解(Part Ⅰ：Reading Comprehension)：（共20题，每小题2分，共40分）
要求考生阅读4篇短文，每篇阅读量不超过300词。每篇短文后有5个问题，考生应根据文章内容从每题四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
选材的原则是：
1、题材广泛，可以包括人物传记、社会、文化、日常知识、科普常识等，但是所涉及的背景知识应能为学生所理解；
2、体裁多样，可以包括叙述文、说明文、议论文等；
3、文章的语言难度中等，无法猜测而又影响理解的关键词会用汉语注明词义。
阅读理解部分主要测试下述能力：
1、掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；
2、了解说明主旨和大意的事实和细节；
3、既理解字面的意思，也能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论；
4、既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文的逻辑关系。
阅读理解部分的目的是测试学生通过阅读获取信息的能力，既要求准确，也要求有一定速度。
第二部分：词语用法和语法结构(Part Ⅱ：Vocabulary and Structure)：（共40题，每小题1分，共40分）
题目为词和短语的用法和语法结构。要求考生从每题四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。试题主要相关于谓语动词的时态语态、非谓语动词、it作形式主语或形式宾语、强调句、倒装句、从句引导词、虚拟语气等。
词语用法和语法结构部分的目的是测试学生运用词汇、短语及语法结构的能力。
第三部分：完形填空(Part Ⅲ ：Cloze)：（共20题，每小题1分，共20分）
在一篇或两篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文(约200词)中留有20个空白，每个空白为一题，每题有四个选择项，要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选择一个最佳答案，使短文的意思和结构恢复完整。填空的词项包括结构词和实译词。
完形填空部分的目的是测试学生综合运用语言的能力，包括语法概念、词汇运用、篇章结构的理解等综合能力。
第四部分：翻译(Part Ⅳ：Translation)：（共10题，共35分）
一般为英译汉、汉译英各一半。两种翻译虽然在形式上不同，但就其本质，就是在谙熟两种语言内在结构的基础上自由转换。在英译汉过程中有通过之前文章理解全文基础的上进行翻译的趋势。
英译汉的能力主要取决于对英文的理解能力，汉译英的能力主要取决于用英语的表达能力
第五部分：写作(Part Ⅴ：Writing)：15分
要求考生写出一篇120词以上的短文，试卷上可能给出题目，或规定情景，或要求看图作文，或给出段首句要求续写;或给出关键词要求写成短文。要求能够正确表达思想，意义连贯，无重大语法错误。写作的内容包括大学生的学习和生活以及广受关注的一些社会热点问题。在功能上，主要涉及事件陈述、现象描述、问题概括、举例论证、利弊分析、因果分析、观点阐述、观点总结。
短文写作部分的目的是测试学生运用英语书面表达思想的初步能力。考试时间： 150 分钟。“专转本”计算机考试大纲
作者：发布时间：2011-8-1 16:59:24 浏览：646
考试大纲
（一）信息技术概述 1．信息和信息技术
(1)信息特性及定义，数据、信息、知识，信息处理系统。（了解）(2)信息分类及信息处理，信息技术内容。（熟悉）2．微电子技术
(1)集成电路的概念，集成电路发展与分类，IC卡。（了解）(2)集成电路制造封装形式，Moore定律。（熟悉）3．通信技术
(1)通信系统基本原理，信道、信源、信宿，模拟信号，数字信号，全光网。（了解）(2)信道的传输模式，信道的带宽，信道的传输速率，多路复用技术，交换技术。(熟悉)(3)有线传输，无线传输，有线载波通信，传输介质，光纤通信。（熟悉）(4)无线电通信，微波通信，卫星通信，红外线通信，移动通信。（了解）4．数字技术基础
(1)信息表示单位，常用进制数，BCD编码，传输速率单位。（了解）
(2)整数编码表示，原码，补码，反码，实数编码表示，机器数，真值，数据溢出。（熟悉）
(3)比特位逻辑运算，进制数之间的转换，进制数的运算，原码、反码与补码之间的转换，原码和补码表示数的范围。（掌握）
（二）计算机硬件 1．计算机基本原理
(1)计算机发展及分类，软件概述，硬件概述。（了解）
(2)常见的输入设备，常见的输出设备，中央处理器概述，奔腾处理器特点。（了解）(3)计算机分类，内存储器、外存储器概述，系统总线，I/O总线。（理解）
(4)微处理器发展、字长、处理速度，指令与指令系统，客户机、服务器概述。（理解）
2．PC机组成
(1)主板、芯片组、BIOS、内存储器概述，I/O总线和I/O接口。（了解）(2)BIOS组成及运行过程，内存储器RAM和ROM各种类型。（理解）
(3)当前流行的SDRAM、DDRSDRAM、RDRAM各项参数，数据传输率计算，内存条封装形式。（理解）(4)I/O总线，I/O操作方式，常用的几类I/O设备接口，I/O总线带宽计算。（理解）3．常用输入设备
(1)键盘，鼠标，笔输入设备，扫描仪，数码相机概述。（了解）
(2)键盘，鼠标的分类，工作原理，基本操作，采用的接口类型。（了解）4．常用输出设备
(1)常用输出设备的工作原理，主要分类，特点。（了解）
(2)常用输出设备的主要性能参数，采用的接口类型。（理解）5．外存储器
(1)常用几类外存储器的工作原理，组成，分类情况，接口类型。（了解）(2)存储器存储结构，各项性能参数设置，数据分布，容量计算。（理解）
（三）计算机软件 1．软件基本概念
(1)软件的定义。（熟悉）(2)软件的分类。（掌握）2．操作系统(1)操作系统的概念、作用。（掌握）(2)操作系统的类型、特征。（熟悉）(3)操作系统的功能。（掌握）(4)常用操作系统介绍。（了解）3．程序设计语言和处理系统
(1)程序设计语言的分类。（掌握）
(2)程序设计语言的数据成分和控制成分。（掌握）(3)程序设计语言处理系统。（熟悉）(4)主要程序设计语言介绍。（了解）4．算法和数据结构
(1)算法的概念、性质、评价。（掌握）(2)数据结构的概念。（熟悉）
(3)软件工程的概念、生命周期。（熟悉）
（四）计算机网络与因特网 1．计算机网络基础
(1)计算机网络的定义，网络的组成，分类。（掌握）
(2)网络服务分类，网络软件，网络操作系统，网络应用软件。（了解）2．计算机局域网
(1)局域网的特点、组成、分类，以及常用局域网。（掌握）(2)局域网的扩展，中继器，网桥。（了解）3．计算机广域网
(1)广域网的基础知识，广域网接入技术。（了解）(2)分组交换与路由。（掌握）(3)常用广域网。（了解）4．因特网及应用
(1)我国因特网发展，网络互联与TCP/IP协议。（了解）(2)IP地址，IP数据报，域名。（掌握）(3)路由器。（了解）
(4)因特网提供的服务。（掌握）5．网络信息安全
(1)网络信息安全概述，信息安全内容，信息安全级别划分。（了解）(2)数据加密，数字签名，身份鉴别与访问控制。（了解）(3)包过滤与防火墙，计算机病毒。（了解）
（五）数字媒体及应用 1．文本与文本处理
(1)文本，文本处理，文本输入方法。（了解）(2)文本的表示与字符编码。（掌握）
(3)文本的保存与文本文件的类型。（了解）
(4)文本的编辑处理，检索与文本的展现。（了解）2．图像与图形及应用
(1)色彩产生，色彩的表达方法，色彩空间。（了解）(2)数字图像的获取与重现。（了解）(3)模拟图像的数字化过程。（掌握）
(4)数字图像的表示，压缩编码，数字图像的性能指标。（掌握）(5)常用图像文件格式，数字图像处理及应用，常用软件。（了解）(6)计算机合成图像，合成过程，优点，常见的绘图软件。（了解）3．波形声音的获取与播放
(1)模拟声音信号的数字化。（掌握）
(2)波形声音的获取设备，波形声音的表示，压缩编码和编辑。（了解）(3)计算机合成声音的制作与播放。（了解）4．数字视频及应用(1)视频信号的组成，原理，彩色电视的三种制式。（了解）(2)数字视频的获取，播放，视频信号的数字化。（掌握）(3)数字视频的压缩编码，编辑和应用。（了解）(4)计算机合成数字视频。（了解）(5)流媒体。（了解）
（六）信息系统与数据库 1．计算机信息系统
(1)计算机信息系统的含义及特点。（掌握）(2)计算机信息系统的类型。（熟悉）(3)计算机信息系统的结构。（了解）
(4)计算机信息系统的发展趋势。（了解）2．典型信息系统介绍
(1)制造业信息系统。（熟悉）(2)电子商务。（熟悉）(3)电子政务。（了解）
(4)地理信息系统和数字地球。（了解）(5)远程教育。（了解）(6)远程医疗。（了解）(7)数字图书馆。（了解）3．关系数据库系统
(1)数据库系统的组成和特点。（掌握）(2)数据模型的基本概念及类型。（熟悉）(3)关系数据模型。（掌握）(4)关系运算。（掌握）
(5)关系数据库语言SQL。（掌握）
(6)数据库系统及应用新技术。（了解）4．信息系统开发与管理
(1)软件工程与信息系统开发概述。（熟悉）(2)系统规划与分析。（了解）(3)系统设计。（了解）
(4)系统实施与运行维护。（了解）
（七）windows 1．键盘与鼠标
(1)键盘的使用，常用功能键、快捷键。（了解）(2)鼠标的使用，鼠标形状及含义。（熟悉）2．Windows基本概念
(1)启动、关闭系统。（了解）
(2)桌面元素介绍，任务栏，桌面图标，快捷方式。（掌握）(3)窗口和菜单操作。（掌握）3．文件和文件夹
(1)基本概念。（了解）
(2)命名规则和通配符。（掌握）(3)文件和文件夹操作。（熟悉）4．Windows应用工具
(1)我的电脑和资源管理器。（掌握）(2)回收站和剪贴板。（掌握）
(3)控制面板和键盘、鼠标、显示器的设置。（了解）(4)常用系统工具。（了解）
（八）word 1．Word的运行及其工作窗口
(1)运行及退出Word的方法。（熟悉）(2)Word窗口基本组件，菜单栏，工具栏，标尺，状态栏。（了解）(3)工具栏设置，常用的两类工具栏。（掌握）(4)主要菜单栏介绍。（熟悉）
(5)几类视图的特性及切换。（掌握）(6)多窗口和多文档编辑。（熟悉）2．建立、保存文档的基本操作(1)建立文档。（掌握）
(2)建立特殊文档。（了解）
(3)保存文档，第一次保存操作，以后保存操作。（掌握）(4)自动保存设置。（熟悉）
(5)保护文档免受未经授权的更改。（掌握）3．编辑文本（掌握）(1)文本的输入。
(2)自动图文集的输入。(3)审阅文本。
(4)拼写和语法检查。
(5)选定文本，选定单个、一行、一段、整篇。(6)插入和改写，查找和替换。
(7)删除文本，移动文本，复制文本，校对文本。(8)撤消操作／重复操作。4．简单排版（掌握）
(1)字体设置，字体颜色设置，字符间距和字符缩放，字符位置设置。
(2)段落对齐方式设置，首行缩进，悬挂缩进，行间距，段前／段后间距。(3)项目符号和编号，首字下沉，边框和底纹。(4)分栏设置，分隔符设置。(5)节格式设置，页面格式。(6)纸型设置，版式设置。(7)样式设置。(8)格式刷使用。
5．表格处理（熟悉）(1)建立表格。
(2)编辑表格，表格合并，拆分。
(3)表格边框设置，底纹设置，颜色设置。(4)单元格格式的设置。(5)表格公式对象使用。6．高级排版（掌握）(1)绘制图形，文本框。
(2)艺术字，图表，剪贴画，图片等在文档中的使用、设置。(3)文件插入，域。
(4)Word文档打印设置。
（九）Excel 1．Excel基本操作
(1)Excel的基本功能。（了解）(2)启动及退出Excel。（熟悉）
(3)Excel窗口,常用工具栏,主要菜单栏,状态栏,网格线的显隐,颜色设置。(4)工作簿文件，新建、打开、保存工作簿。（掌握）(5)工作簿的关闭、保护。（熟悉）2．工作表的基本操作
(1)工作表特性：几行，几列，最大行数，最大列名。（熟悉）(2)工作表的选定、插入、删除、移动和复制。（掌握）(3)工作表的重命名。（掌握）
（熟悉）(4)工作表的保护。（熟悉）(5)工作表的打印。（熟悉）3．单元格的基本操作
(1)Excel中主要的几种数据类型。（熟悉）
(2)单元格数据（字符、数值、日期时间、逻辑值）的输入。（掌握）(3)相对引用，绝对引用概念，含义及状态切换。（掌握）(4)单元格中公式的使用，常用的几种运算符。（掌握）(5)单元格中插入函数，常见的几类函数的使用。（掌握）(6)单元格的插入、选定、删除。（掌握）
(7)移动单元格，填充单元格（单元格中包含公式及不包含公式）。（掌握）(8)选择性粘贴。（掌握）
(9)修改／清除单元格中文字。（掌握）(10)查找／替换单元格中的文字。（掌握）(11)合并／拆分单元格。（掌握）
(12)数据输入的几种方式，引用另外的单元格实现输入，使用Word文件输入Excel中，文本文件，数据库文件。（熟悉）(13)常见错误信息含义。（熟悉）4．格式化工作表
(1)编辑行／列。（熟悉）
(2)设置字体、字型、字号和颜色。（掌握）
(3)设置对齐方式，单元格边框、底纹。（熟悉）(4)自动套用格式。（熟悉）5．数据分析
(1)数据清单。（了解）(2)数据排序。（掌握）(3)分类汇总。（掌握）(4)数据筛选。（掌握）(5)数据透视表。（熟悉）(6)图表。（掌握）
（十）PowerPoint 1．PowerPoint的运行、查看、新建、打开、保存及关闭。（熟悉）(1)PowerPoint的启动与退出。(2)PowerPoint窗口及其视图。(3)新建演示文稿。
(4)打开已有的演示文稿。(5)保存演示文稿。
2．幻灯片的编辑操作。（掌握）
(1)幻灯片的选择、插入、删除、复制、移动和编辑。
(2)幻灯片中对象（文本框、图片、剪贴画、动作按钮、艺术字）的编辑操作。(3)对象动作设置，超级链接。3．设置幻灯片外观。（掌握）(1)幻灯片母版设置。(2)幻灯片版式设置。(3)配色方案定义。(4)幻灯片背景设置。
(5)幻灯片页眉／页脚设置。(6)选择应用设计模板。
4．演示文稿的放映。（掌握）
(1)演示操作，定位幻灯片，改变鼠标形状，幻灯片播放方式。(2)设置幻灯片的放映方式。(3)幻灯片间切换效果制作。(4)幻灯片内动画设置。
5．演示文稿的打印。（了解）
6．演示文稿的打包与发布。（了解）(1)演示文稿的打包。(2)演示文稿的发布。
第四篇：专转本材料
文科（英语、日语类）、艺术类考试科目：语文（150分）、英语（日语）（150分）、计算机（100分）；理工科考试科目：数学（150分）、英语（150分）、计算机（100分）。今年是4月23号考试~~~,希望对你有帮助，你上的是大专吧，专转本大约在12月分报名，3月份培训，4月份考试；培训科目由学校来定。
报名条件：
最好不要挂科
1、“专转本”
列入国家普通招生计划，经省招生部门按规定程序正式录取.在本省各类普通高校的专科二年级、三年级在籍学生可以报名参加“专转本”考试。考上后可进入大三学习。
2、专升本
国民教育系列的应届或往届毕业生通过全国成人高考，进入大学学习两年（脱产）或三年（业余），电子注册，国家承认学历。但毕业证书及学士学位证书均注明“成人”字样。报名时间一般为每年的8月底或9月初；考试时间为10月中旬；录取时间为当年年底，第二年的春节后各高校录取的成人高考学生开始报到上课。
3、专接本
通过自学考试的途径，获取自考本科文凭。毕业证书由教育部高等教育自考办监制，江苏省
高等教育自学考试委员会和主办特色自考的学校联合署章，全国电子注册，国家承认学历。
专转本的文凭硬
具体你到大二考什么，要看你报考的学校而定的，如果你报考的学校招收你这个专业的，又要求考理科，那你就是要考理科。
先直接到教务处，问你们学校的老师，咨询一下，你的专业属于哪个类别的，代码是多少，然后去查2010年的各个学校的招生计划，这部分可以在江苏招生考试网上查到。非常方便，这个最好你尽快查询一下。
如果能专转本，最好就专转本走
自考的猫腻太多了，你进去就知道了，文凭出来没用的。。
相关的资料和一些辅导班课程，你可以考虑网上找一些。
“江苏教育考试书店网上书城 专比较全的有“江苏教育考试书店”网上商城。自己google下：
转本”
第五篇：2018年江苏省专转本英语押题作文
1.心理健康问题往往是导致疾病的原因
2.分析人们产生心理健康问题的原因(可从失业、压力过重、缺少支持、缺乏人际关系等方面加以分析)3.你认为人们如何保持心理健康
How to Keep Psychologically Healthy?
One in four people will experience some kind of mental health problem in the course of a year.When you fail to manage to control these problems, they are likely to cause various mental illnesses and, as a result of physiological imbalance, physical illnesses.You may not be able to live a normal life, let alone a fulfilling one.The causes of mental health problems often vary a lot from one case to another.In today’ society, a good number of people are suffering from heavy pressure.Others are lacking in communication skills and feel they are living in an isolated world.In addition, a lot of people are ignorant of psychological knowledge about how to keep mentally fit.There are a lot of ways to curb mental health problems and keep psychologically healthy.Firstly, find the real cause of your mental health problem and see whether you can do something to make a change.Secondly, learn to relax yourself and take exercise to release the pressure.After all, your health is what counts most.Lastly, you may find it helpful to talk to your partner, a relative or a friend about your problems, or seek support and advice from a psychological consultant.2
1.现在大学校园里，迟到、早退、旷课是常见的现象
2.保证学生的出勤率对大学教育的重要性 3.作为一个大学生应该怎样做 Attend Your Classes Regularly Nowadays it is a very common phenomenon that some university students are late for or even absent from classes.And still there are some students who slip out of the classroom before the class is over.Class attendance has become a thorny problem to both the students and teachers.In fact, it is very important for the students to attend their classes regularly.First, it will ensure you to catch up with the teachers in your learning.That is very helpful to you if you want to do a good job in your study.Second, attending classes regularly is a way of showing respect to your teachers too.Your teachers will feel bad if the students do not attend their classes, which, in turn, will affect their teaching and be no good for the students.Third, attending classes regularly will help to form a good habit of punctuality, which is of great importance for the students to do a good job in the future.Therefore, we university students should form the good habit of attending our classes regularly from now on.And some day we’ll benefit from it.3
1.这是我在大学的第一天
2.大学生活与中学生活有何不同
3.我理想中的大学生活应是...My First Impression in College
On the very first day in college, I was surprised to find the campus was so large.Believe it or not, I even lost my way to the dormitory when I returned from the dining hall.At first, I had difficulty adapting myself to college life.In college, we had more free time than in middle school.In the evening, we were not required to study in the classroom.Instead, we could go anywhere and do what we want.I was at a loss on how to make use of so much free time.Then I borrowed a number of books from the library and most of them were novels, which I had no chance to read in middle school.Besides reading books in my spare time, I played table tennis for fun and made enormous progress.In my opinion, study should be the priority of our college life.Besides, we can take part in sports activities and have fun.Of course, we may take part-time jobs to improve our skills.In all, college life should be colorful and meaningful.4.1.中国传统节日受到冷遇，西方节日日益升温已成为趋势
2.形成这种现象的原因
3.你对这种现象的态度来源： The Prevalence of Western Holidays
It is noticeable that western holidays are becoming increasingly popular day by day, while Chinese traditional holidays are being somewhat neglected.Old people often complain that Chinese New Year has lost its real meaning.To their astonishment, young people in China, ignorant about Chinese traditional holidays, are crazy about Christmas or Valentine Day.There are several possible reasons for this phenomenon.First, western nations, such as the United States and Britain, are powerful and dominant in every aspect.Everything in these countries is assumed to be superior and adored by some modern young people.Second, the prevalence of English as a world language and the development of globalization enable western culture to flood in China.Overwhelmed by such a trend, Chinese unconsciously get involved in western culture.Last but not least, some Chinese people have blind faith in foreign things while dismiss our own possessions with contempt.I am critical of this trend.China boasts a brilliant history and splendid traditions.In modern times, Chinese tradition should be preserved and promoted.But it seems that young people no longer treasure the tradition.On the contrary, they turn to pursue enthusiastically a supposedly more modern culture.If this trend is allowed to continue, the priceless heritage of our ancestors will be replaced by western traditions.Nobody expects such a consequence.So let join hand in hand to protect Chinese tradition.5 1． 有人认为大学里应独自生活 2． 另一些认为大学里应与别人同住 3． 你的看法
Living alone or Living with Roommates Nowadays, there has appeared a heated discussion among the college students as to whether they should live alone outside the campus or live together with other roommates in the students’ dormitory.Opinions are divided over the matter.Those who are in favor of living alone maintain that it is very convenient to live by themselves.They can enjoy absolute freedom in a room of their own.They can have their own timetable without disturbing others.They are also free to equip the room with a personal computer so that they can have easy access to the Internet.But others argue that living with roommates has attractions of its own.With several students sharing the same room, each person’s experiences can be greatly enriched.They can learn a lot from talking to one another.By learning to tolerate the differences between individuals, they can become more mature.As far as I’m concerned, I prefer to live with roommates because I love the feeling of belonging.Besides, it is a lot cheaper to live in a dorm than to rent a apartment outside the campus.6 １．在现代社会，城市交通问题变得越来越严重 ２．城市交通问题的表现以及对人们生活的影响 ３．解决的方法与措施 Traffic Jam There is no doubt that traffic congestion becomes a growing worry for the residents of most urban areas.Some major roads are regularly choked with traffic in rush hours.The limited transport capacity contributes largely to the vexing problem.How to solve the headache?.The existing solutions to traffic jam mainly aim at creating metro bus systems and broadening major roads.Widening the existing roads can solve traffic snarls on some level.Soaring car ownership compounds the chronic annoying problem, so we must sharply reduce the heavy reliance on cars and drive a shift to the mass transportation.It is a cheap and good way.We can create a system of customized bus routes and highlight the development of subways, trolleys and light rail.The effective combination of these solutions will enable the urban areas to possess a smooth traffic.水资源短缺 On Water Shortage
No one can have failed to notice the fact that water shortage is a grave problem with which the whole world is confronted.Actually, it has become so widespread that it has severely affected people’s daily life and hindered the development of the global economy.A number of factors could account for the problem, but the following might be the critical ones.First, with the development of agriculture and industry, an increasing amount of water is needed.Secondly, the ever-increasing population is another leading cause of water shortage.Besides, the global tendency of warming up also contributes to the problem.What’s worse, pollution and waste of fresh water aggravate the situation.In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures must be taken before things get worse.First, it is essential that laws and regulations be worked out and enforced to protect water resources.Secondly, people should enhance their awareness of saving water.With these measures taken, it is reasonable for us to expect a brighter future.8大学生使用信用卡现象 On Credit Card At present, a wide variety of credit cards issued by major banks and shopping malls are thriving in colleges and universities across the nation, with a multitude of college students making up a growing population of card holders.Indeed, one out of five students is estimated to be in possession of at least one credit card, and the figure is expected to be on the steady increase, the latest data published by Yangtze Evening Post suggests.Like anything prior to the emergence of this small piece of plastic, the increasing popularity of credit card on campus has both bright and dark sides.On the one hand, young adults in college, free from the trouble of pocketing a considerable sum of cash, could enjoy the convenience of credit cards and purchase expensive goods by installments.On the other hand, however, the irresponsible and excessive use of the cards by these youngsters, the majority of whom are fresh out of middle school incapable of budgeting their money, can make them heavily in debt which will take them years to pay off.On my personal level, while enjoying a host of conveniences the credit card may bring, we couldn’t afford to ignore a conspicuous fact: in most cases, parents are our sole financial sources.Instead of spending without any restrict, we are supposed to put studies on the top of our agenda and move ourselves beyond heavy dependence upon our parents.1)现在有一些大学生沉迷于网络游戏，家长和学校对此忧心忡忡 2)但有人认为网络游戏并不是一无是处 3)你对此的看法是…… Online Games As a product of modern computer and the Internet, online games have become very popular among college students.Many students have enjoyed great pleasure and satisfaction from these games.But as we see, some students lacking self-discipline are too much indulged in these games so that their health and academic performances are affected.This phenomenon has caused much worry from the teachers and parents。
However, some others argue that online games are not always harmful.They can train the ability of youngsters to respond to things quickly.Moreover, they can stimulate their imagination and their interest in computer science.More importantly, it does bring college students much pleasure and release their pressure greatly。
From my point of view, online games are a wonderful entertainment if you play them in a clever way.When they interfere too much with your study, it is better for you to give them up at once.But if you have enough self-control over them, you can certainly obtain real pleasure and benefit a lot from them。限制使用一次性塑料袋
Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags Disposable plastic bags were once widely used in China.When we went shopping at supermarkets and departments stores，shopping assistants often provided free plastic bags for our convenience.For a while，life without them seemed However，disposable plastic bags do bring severe damage to our environment.Costumers usually threw them away after use，and because they are thin and hard to decompose，these plastic products will exist for a long time.This is an immediate threat to our earth and water.Nowadays，the government has passed relevant regulations for limiting the use of disposable plastic bags： they are not free any more.In some shopping places，in order to invoke the public awareness of environmental protection，plastic bags are offered in a much higher price.As a result，people are changing their behavior： paper and clothing bags that vanished for a long time come back to our daily life.It is true that by limiting its usage，everyone in this society contributes some effort to the improvement of the environment.旅游
1）有的人喜欢独自旅行，有的人喜欢与别人结伴而行 2）两种旅行方式的好处
3）你更喜欢哪种旅行方式，为什么？
Travel Alone or Travel with a Companion？ When it comes to traveling way，different people will offer different opinions.Some people like to travel alone，while others prefer to travel with a companion.Of course，everyone has his consideration for his preference.Traveling alone，one can enjoy more freedom.The traveler can arrange his tour as he wishes without the trouble of humoring others.Moreover，traveling alone tend to bring the traveler unexpected surprise，such as making a new friend and enjoying a different scenery.Compared with traveling alone，traveling with a companion has also its advantages.For one thing，the group members can help and look after each other in the journey.For another，traveling with others who have same interest with，you u can share costs and experiences with them.As to me，I prefer to travel with a companion.Firstly，we can deal with the possible problems and difficulties in the journey.Secondly，I like to share the pleasure of traveling with others.In sum，both traveling alone and traveling with a companion have their attractions，and you can find the pleasure from either one.12 1.近年来网络上谣言盛行
2.这种现象造成的危害
3.如何解决这一问题 My View on Internet Rumors
No one can have failed to notice the fact that Internet rumors have been a grave problem confronting us.Groundless allegations flood the Internet.Taking a look around, we can find examples too many to enumerate: scandals of both famous and unknown people, fake forecast of earthquakes and the like.Internet rumors will definitely result in severe consequences if we keep turning a blind eye to them.First and foremost, made-up scandals directly infringe upon citizens' rights, affecting their daily life and ruining their public image.Besides, the dissemination of such rumors as those about social or natural disasters causes panic and disorder among society.Last but not least, the spread of rumors on the Internet will undermine the credibility of the net to such a degree that people will no longer trust it in the future.Given the seriousness of this problem, effective steps must be adopted before the situation deteriorates.First, it is imperative that laws and regulations be enacted and executed to stop the production and transmission of Internet rumors.For instance, real-name system should be introduced as soon as possible.Secondly, people should be educated to identify and reject groundless allegations.With severe laws and a conscious public, it will only be a matter of time for Internet rumors to be eradicated.13
A Letter of Condolence慰问信
中国青海玉树大地震灾害严重，已造成***多万人无家可归。请你代表 我校写一封慰问信向灾区人民 表示关怀和慰问。
1.简要描述灾区的情况
2.对灾区人民表示关怀和慰问
3.表达灾后重建家园的信心
Dear Sir or madam，A powerful earthquake hit your hometown, Yushu in Qinghai province month ago.It is also a terrible natural disaster for our whole nation.It has caused both financial and life loss.Until now, approximately seventy thousand people lost their lives due to the earthquake and much more were injured seriously.Six million people have no homes to return as the majority of the buildings were collapsed。
These days we keep watching the staggering deathroll and hearing the heart-wrenching stories from the Yushu earthquake.We are so much saddened that many children lost their parents and many couples lost their lovers.I could not help but cry when hearing of the moving stories that happened during the disaster.And we are so much touched by the true outpouring of effort and emotion from all over the country.You are not alone and you won’t feel lonely.Our whole nation is a big family, and every member would like to give a helping hand by all means, such as donating money, time, energy and blood to the people in the stricken area.We, 1.3 billion Chinese people shed the same tear sharing the same hopes.A series of actions has been taken since the earthquake happened.A majority of Chinese people are doing whatever they can to lend a hand.I believe, with the assistance of people in all walks of life, your after-disaster reconstruction will be dealt with at a fantastic speed.The stricken area will soon be restored.And I hope you can pull yourself together and muster up courage to face the future.We will overcome any difficulty, because we are Chinese.Ten thousand people beat everything with a single undying heart"。
Try to look on the bright side of things.The future will be bright, cheer up!Yours sincerely, 14 感恩
On college campuses across the nation, there is a noticeable phenomenon that we cannot afford to ignore: far too many young college students lack the sense of gratitude, one of the countless traditional virtues of this ancient land with a splendid civilization spanning over 5,000 years.These young adults were not and are not aware of the huge importance of expressing gratitude to those who once helped them, from teachers to parents and so forth.Personally, I deem that the root cause of students without a graceful heart is that they receive an education not valuing the moral sphere.I strongly believe that joint efforts from folks across society are the final remedy for this social headache.As young university students of the new era, we should make our own contributions to this cause.Imagine a world without the sense of gratitude.This kind of world is doomed to failure.Simply put, we should join our hands to heighten our awareness of fostering a graceful heart.Only in this way can we build our society into a harmonious one.My fellow students, I beg you to act from now on。15.Mental Health
Students' mental health has been playing an increasingly important role in our everyday campus life.Indeed, it is widely accepted that metal health has gained growing popularity among persons in all walks of life.There is a general discussion today about the issue of disorder in brains。
Obviously, it is necessary that effective actions should be taken to prevent problems.Authorities in universities play a critical role in the situation.To begin with, schools, such as colleges or universities, can provide chances for the young men to ease their attention.What's more, some are physically strong, but psychological problems are able to bring potential threats.Teaches may have a chance to find them in advance.Besides, specialists in this field are to be required to make full preparation for cases in time.Facing the crisis, experts can deal with it in a professional way, which means they have more or better opportunities to save us than others.From the factors mentioned above, we may safely draw the conclusion that we can free ourselves from mental illness by taking certain precautions.For example, if you have pains or puzzles in mind, finding a friend to express these is a good way to release pressure.Certainly, there is little doubt that further attention will be paid to the issue.
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