Law 英文术语

第一篇：Law 英文术语

法律英语常用词汇大全

一、律师部分

案件受理费 court acceptance fee 案情重大、复杂 important and complicated case 案由 cause of action

案子 case 包揽诉讼 monopolize lawsuits 被告 defendant(用于民事、行政案件);the accused(用于刑事案件)

被上诉人 appellee 被诉人 respondent;defendant 本案律师 councel pro hac vice 本地律师 local counsel 毕业证 diploma;graduation certificate

辩护词 defense;pleadings 辩护律师 defense lawyer 辩护要点 point of defense 辩护意见 submission 财产租赁 property tenancy 裁定书 order;ruling;determination（指终审裁定）裁决书 award（用于仲裁）裁决书 verdict（用于陪审团）采信的证据 admitted evidence;established evidence

草拟股权转让协议 drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests 查阅法条 source legal provisions 产权转让 conveyancing

出差 go on errand;go on a business trip 出国深造 further study abroad

出具律师意见书 providing legal opinion 出示的证据 exhibit 出庭 appear in court 传票 summons;subpoena 答辩状 answer;reply 代理词 representation 代理房地产买卖与转让 agency for sale and transfer of real estate

代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记 agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations 代理仲裁 agency for arbitration 代写文书 drafting of legal instruments 待决案件 pending case 当事人陈述 statement of the parties 第三人 third party

吊销执业证 revocation of lawyer license 调查笔录 investigative record

调查取证 investigation and gathering for evidence 调解 mediation 调解书 mediation 二审案件 case of trial of second instance 发送电子邮件 send e-mail

法律顾问 legal consultants 法律意见书 legal opinions 法律援助 legal aid 法律咨询 legal counseling 法庭 division;tribunal

法学博士学位 LL.D(Doctor of Laws)

法学会 law society 法学课程 legal courses 法学硕士学位 LL.M(Master of Laws)

法学系 faculty of law;department of law 法学学士学位 LL.B(Bachelor of Laws)J.D(Juris doctor缩写，美国法学学士)法学院 law school 法院公告 court announcement 反诉状 counterclaim 房地产律师 real estate lawyer;real property lawyer

非合伙律师 associate lawyer 非诉讼业务 non-litigation practice 高级合伙人 senior partner 高级律师 senior lawyer 各类协议和合同 agreements and contracts

公安局 Public Security Bureau 公司上市 company listing 公诉案件 public-prosecuting case 公证书 notarial certificate 国办律师事务所 state-run law office 国际贸易 international trade 国际诉讼 international litigation 国内诉讼 domestic litigation 合伙律师 partner lawyer 合伙制律师事务所 law office in partner-ship;cooperating law office 合同审查、草拟、修改 contract review, drafting and revision 会见当事人 interview a client 会见犯罪嫌疑人 interview a criminal suspect 兼职律师 part-time lawyer 监狱 prison;jail 鉴定结论 expert conclusion 缴纳会费 membership dues 举证责任 burden of proof;onus probandi 决定书 decision 勘验笔录 record of request 看守所 detention house 抗诉书 protest 控告人 accuser;complainant 跨国诉讼 transnational litigation 劳动争议 labor disputes 劳动争议仲裁委员会 arbitration committee for labor disputes 劳改场 reform-through-labor farm;prison farm 利害关系人 interested party;party in interest 律管处处长 director of lawyer control department 律师 lawyer attorney;attorney at law 律师惩戒 lawyer discipline 律师法 Lawyer Law 律师费 lawyer fee 律师函 lawyer’s letter 律师见证 lawyer attestation/authentication 律师见证书 lawyer certification/authentication/witness 律师卷宗 lawyer’s docile;file

律师刊物 lawyer’s journal 律师联系电话 contact phone number of a lawyer

律师事务所 law office;law firm 律师收费 billing by lawyer 律师网站 lawyer website 律师协会 National Bar(Lawyer)Association 律师协会会员 member of Lawyer Association 律师协会秘书长 secretary general of Bar(Lawyer)Association 律师协会章程 Articles of Lawyer Association 律师业务室 lawyer’s office 律师执业证 lawyer license 律师助理 assistant lawyer

律师资格考试 bar exam;lawyer qualification exam 律师资格证 lawyer qualification certificate 民事案件 civil case民事调解 civil mediation 民事诉讼 civil litigation 派出所 local police station;police substation

判决judgment(用于民事、行政案件);determination(用于终审);

sentence(用于刑事案);verdict(由陪审团作出)旁证 circumstantial evidence 企业章程 articles of association;articles of incorporation;bylaw 企业重组 corporate restructure 起诉状 information;indictment 取消律师资格 disbar 全国律师代表大会 National Lawyer Congress

缺席宣判 pronounce judgement or determination by default 人民法院 People’s Court 人民检察院 People’s Procuratorate 认定事实 determine facts

上诉案件 case of trial of second instance;appellate case 上诉人 appellant

上诉状 petition for appeal 涉外律师 lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters 申请复议 administrative reconsideration petition

申请加入律师协会 application for admission to Law Association 申请人 petitioner;claimant 申诉案件 appeal case 申诉人（仲裁）claimant;plaintiff

申诉书 appeal for revision, petition for revision 实习律师 apprentice lawyer;lawyer in probation period 实习律师证 certificate of apprentice lawyer

视听证据 audio-visual reference material 适用法律 apply law to facts 受害人 victim 书证 documentary evidence

司法部 Ministry of Justice 司法建议书 judicial advise 司法局 Judicial Bureau 司法局副局长 deputy director of Judicial Bureau 司法局局长 director of Judicial Bureau 司法统一考试 uniform judicial exam 送达 service of process 诉讼 litigation;action;lawsuit 诉讼当事人 litigation party;litigious party 诉讼业务 litigation practice 诉状 complaint;bill of complaint;statement of claim

推销法律服务 promote/market legal service 外国律师事务所 foreign law office

委托代理合同 authorized representation contract 委托代理人 agent ad litem;entrusted agent 委托授权书 power of attorney 物证 material evidence 嫌疑人 criminal suspect 项目融资 project financing 项目谈判 project negotiating 刑事案件 criminal case

刑事诉讼 criminal litigation 行政诉讼 administrative litigation 休庭 adjourn the court;recess 宣判 pronounce judgement;determination 宣誓书 affidavit

业务进修 attendance in advanced studies 一审案件 case of trial of first instance 与国外律师事务所交流 communicate with foreign law firms 原告 plaintiff 证券律师 securities lawyer 证人证言 testimony of witness;affidavit 执行笔录 execution record 执业登记 registration for practice

执业范围 scope of practice;sphere of practice;practice area 执业申请 practice application 执业证年检 annual inspection of lawyer license 仲裁 arbitration 仲裁案件 arbitration case 仲裁机构 arbitration agency 专门律师 specialized lawyer

专职律师 professional lawyer;full-time lawyer 撰写法律文章 write legal thesis 资信调查 credit standing investigation 自诉案件 private prosecuting case

二、诉讼法律

案件 case 案件发回 remand/rimit a case(to a low court)案件名称 title of a case 案卷材料 materials in the case 案情陈述书 statement of case

案外人 person other than involved in the case 案值 total value involved in the case 败诉方 losing party 办案人员 personnel handling a case

保全措施申请书 application for protective measures 报案 report a case(to security authorities)被告 defendant;the accused 被告人最后陈述 final statement of the accused

被告向原告第二次答辩 rejoinder 被害人 victim 被害人的诉讼代理人 victim’s agent ad litem

被上诉人 respondent;the appellee 被申请人 respondent 被申请执行人 party against whom execution is filed

被执行人 person subject to enforcement 本诉 principal action 必要共同诉讼人 party in necessary co-litigation 变通管辖 jurisdiction by accord

辩护 defense 辩护律师 defense attorney/lawyer 辩护人 defender

辩护证据 exculpatory evidence;defense evidence 辩论阶段 stage of court debate

驳回反诉 dismiss a counterclaim;reject a counterclaim 驳回请求 deny/dismiss a motion 驳回上诉、维持原判 reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgement/ruling 驳回诉讼 dismiss an action/suit 驳回通知书 notice of dismissal 驳回自诉 dismiss/reject a private prosecution

驳回自诉裁定书 ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case 补充答辩 supplementary answer 补充判决 supplementary judgement 补充侦查 supplementary investigation 不公开审理 trial in camera 不立案决定书 written decision of no case-filing 不批准逮捕决定书 written decision of disapproving an arrest 不起诉 nol pros 不予受理起诉通知书 notice of dismissal of accusation by the court

财产保全申请书 application for attachment;application for property preservation 裁定 order;determination(指最终裁定)

裁定管辖 jurisdiction by order 裁定书 order;ruling 裁决书 award

采信的证据 admitted evidence 查封 seal up 撤回上诉 withdraw appeal 撤诉 withdraw a lawsuit 撤销立案 revoke a case placed on file

撤销原判，发回重审 rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the original court for retrial

出示的证据 exhibit 除权判决 invalidating judgement(for negotiable instruments)传唤 summon;call 传闻证据 hearsay 答辩 answer;reply 答辩陈述书 statement of defence 答辩状 answer;reply 大法官 associate justices;justice 大检察官 deputy chief procurator 代理控告 agency for accusation 代理申诉 agency for appeal 代理审判员 acting judge

代为申请取保候审 agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving

弹劾式诉讼 accusatory procedure 当事人陈述 statement of the parties

当庭宣判 pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court 地区管辖 territorial jurisdiction 地区检察分院 inter-mediate People’s Procuratorate 第三人 third party 调查笔录 record of investigation

定期宣判 pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date 定罪证据 incriminating evidence;inculpatory evidence 冻结 freeze 督促程序 procedure of supervision and urge 独任庭 sole-judge bench 独任仲裁员 sole arbitrator

对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施 compulsory measures against impairment of civil action 对席判决 judgement inter parties 二审 trial of second instance 二审案件 case of trial of second insurance

罚款 impose a fine 法定证据 statutory legal evidence 法定证据制度 system of legal evidence 法官 judges 法警 bailiff;court police 法律文书 legal instruments/papers 法律援助 legal aid 法律咨询 legal consulting 法庭辩论 court debate 法庭调查 court investigation 法庭审理笔录 court record 法庭审理方式 mode of court trial

法庭庭长 chief judge of a tribunal 法院 court 法院公告 court announcement 反诉 counterclaim 反诉答辩状 answer with counterclaim 反诉状 counterclaim 犯罪嫌疑人 criminal suspect 附带民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action

附带民事诉讼被告 defendant of collateral civil action 复查 reexamination;recheck 复验 reinspect 高级法官 senior judge 高级检察官 senior procurator 高级人民法院 Higher People’s Court 告诉案件 case of complaint 告诉才处理的案件 case accepted at complaint 告诉申诉庭 complaint and petition division

工读学校 work-study school for delinquent children

公安部 Ministry of Public Security 公安分局 public security sub-bureau

公安厅 public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government 公开审理 trial in public

公开审判制度 open trial system 公示催告程序 procedure of public summons for exhortation 公诉案件 public-prosecuting case 公诉词 statement of public prosecution 公证机关 public notary office

共同管辖 concurrent jurisdiction 管辖 jurisdiction

国际司法协助 international judicial assistance 海事法院 maritime court

合议庭 collegial panel 合议庭评议笔录 record of deliberating by the collegiate bench 和解 composition;compromise 核对诉讼当事人身份 check identity of litigious parties 恢复执行 resumption of execution 回避 withdrawal 混合式诉讼 mixed action 基层人民法院 basic People’s Court 羁押期限 term in custody 级别管辖 subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels

监视居住 living at home under surveillance 监狱 prison 检察官 procurator 检察权 prosecutorial power 检察委员会 procuratorial/prosecutorial committee 检察院 procuratorate 检察院派出机构 outpost tribunal of procuratorate

简易程序 summary procedure 鉴定结论 expert conclusion 经济审判庭 economic tribunal 径行判决 direct adjudication without sessions;judgement without notice

纠问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings 拘传 summon by force;summon by warrant 拘留所 detention house 举报 information/report of an offence

举证责任 burden of proof;onus probandi 决定书 decision 军事法院 military procuratorate 开庭审理 open a court session 开庭通知 notice of court session 勘验笔录 record of inquest 看守所 detention house 可执行财产 executable property 控告式诉讼 accusatory proceedings 控诉证据 incriminating evidence 控诉职能 accusation function 扣押 distrain on;attachment 扣押物 distress/distraint 宽限期 period of grace

劳动争议仲裁申请书 petition for labor dispute arbitration 劳改场 reform-through-labor farm 劳教所 reeducation-through-labor office

类推判决的核准程序 procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence

累积证据 cumulative evidence 立案报告 place a case on file 立案管辖 functional jurisdiction 立案决定书 written decision of case-filing 立案侦查 report of placing a case on file 利害关系人 interested party 临时裁决书 interim award

律师见证书 lawyer’s written attestation;lawyer’s written authentication

律师事务所 law office;law firm 律师提前介入 prior intervention by lawyer 免于刑事处分 exemption from criminal penalty 民事案件 civil case

民事审判庭 civil tribunal 民事诉讼 civil action 民事诉讼法 Civil Procedural Law 扭送 seize and deliver a suspect to the police 派出法庭 detached tribunal 派出所 police station

判决 judgement;determination 判决书 judgement;determination;verdict

(指陪审团作出的)旁证 circumstantial evidence 陪审员 juror 批准逮捕 approval of arrest 破案 clear up a criminal case;solve a criminal case 破产 bankruptcy;insolvency 普通程序 general/ordinary procedure 普通管辖 general jurisdiction

企业法人破产还债程序 procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation 起诉 filing of a lawsuit 起诉 sue;litigate;prosecute;institution of proceedings 起诉状 indictment;information 区县检察院 grassroots People’s Procuratorate

取保候审 the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving 缺席判决 default judgement 人民调解委员会 People’s Mediation Committee

认定财产无主案件 cases concerning determination of property as qwnerless

认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity

上诉 appeal 上诉人 appellant 上诉状 petition for appeal 少管所 juvenile prison 社会治安综合治理 comprehensive treatment of social security

涉外案件 cases involving foreign interests 涉外民事诉讼 foreign civil proceedings 涉外刑事诉讼 foreign criminal proceedings

申请人 applicant;petitioner 申请书 petition;application for arbitration 申请执行人 execution applicant 申诉人宣誓书 claimant’s affidavit of authenticity

申诉书 appeal for revision;petition for revision 神示证据制度 system of divinity evidence 神示制度 ordeal system 审查案件 case review 审查并决定逮捕 examine and decide arrest 审查起诉阶段 stage of review and prosecution 审理通知书 notice of hearing

审判长 presiding judge 审判长宣布开庭 presiding judge announce court in session 审判管辖 adjudgement/trial jurisdiction 审判监督程序 procedure for trial supervision 审判委员会 judicial committee 审判员 judge 审问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings 生效判决裁定 legally effective judgement/order 胜诉方 winning party

省市自治区检察院 higher People’s Procuratorate 失踪和死亡宣告 declaration of disappearance and death 实（质）体证据 substantial evidence 实物证据 tangible evidence 实在证据 real evidence 示意证据 demonstrative evidence 视听证据 audio-visual evidence 收容所 collecting post;safe retreat

首席大法官 chief justice 首席检察官 chief procurator

受害人的近亲属 victim’s immediate family 受理 acceptance 受理刑事案件审批表 registration form of acceptance of criminal case 受送达人 the addressee 书记员 court clerk 书记员宣读法庭纪律 court clerk reads court rules

书证 documentary evidence 司法部 Ministry of Justice 司法机关 judicial organizatons 司法警察 judicial police 司法局 judicial bureau

司法厅 judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government 司法协助 judicial assistance 死缓的复核 judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve

死刑复核程序 procedure for judicial review of death sentence 死刑复核权 competence for judicial review of death sentence 送达 service of process

送达传票 service of summons/subpoena 送达诉状 service of bill of complaint 搜查 search 诉 sue;suit;action;lawsuit 诉前财产保全 property attachment prior to lawsuit

诉讼 litigation;lawsuit;sue;action 诉讼保全 attachment 诉讼参加人 litigious participants 诉讼代理人 agent ad litem 诉状 complaint;bill of complaint;state of claim

特别程序 special procedures 提起公诉institute a public prosecution 铁路法院 railway court 铁路检察院 railroad transport procuratorate 庭审程序 procedure of court trial 通缉 wanted for arrest 投案 appearance

退回补充侦查 return of a case for supplementary investigation

委托辩护 entrusted defense 未成年人法庭 juvenile court 无行政职务的法官 associate judge 无正当理由拒不到庭 refuse to appear in court without due cause 无罪判决 acquittal, finding of “ not guilty ” 物证 material evidence

先予执行申请书 application for advanced execution 先予执行 advanced execution 刑事案件 criminal case 刑事拘留 criminal detention

刑事强制拘留 criminal coercive/compulsory measures 刑事审判庭 criminal tribunal 刑事诉讼 criminal proceedings 刑事诉讼法 Criminal Procedural Law

刑事自诉状 self-incriminating criminal complaint 行政案件 administrative case 行政审判庭 administrative tribunal 行政诉讼 administrative proceedings 行政诉讼法 Administrative Procedural Law

宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件 cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death 宣判笔录 record of rendition of judgement

选民资格案件 cases concerning qualifications of voters

询问证人 inquire/question a witness 训诫 reprimand 讯问笔录 record of interrogation 询问犯罪嫌疑人 interrogate criminal suspect 言词证据 verbal evidence

要求传唤证人申请书 application for subpoena 一裁终局 arbitration award shall be final and binding 一审 trial of first instance 一审案件 case of trial of first instance

应诉通知书 notice of respondence to action 有罪判决 sentence;finding of “guilty” 予审 preliminary examinantion;pretrial 原告 plaintiff 院长 court president 阅卷笔录 record of file review(by lawyers)再审案件 case of retrial 再审申请书 petition for retrial 责令具结悔过 order to sign a statement of repentance 债权人会议 creditors’ meeting 侦查阶段 investigation stage 侦查终结 conclusion of investigation

征询原、被告最后意见 consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant 证据 evidence 证据保全 preserve evidence 证据保全申请书 application for evidence preservation 证人证言 testimony of witness;affidavit 支付令 payment order/warrant 知识产权庭intellectual property tribunal 执行程序 procedure execution 执行逮捕 execution of arrest 执行和解 conciliation of execution

执行回转 recovery of execution 执行庭 executive tribunal 执行异议 objection to execution 执行员 executor

执行中止 discontinuance of execution 执行终结 conclusion of execution 指定辩护 appointed defense

指定仲裁员声明 statement of appointing arbitrator 中级人民法院 intermediate People’s Court 中途退庭 retreat during court session without permission 仲裁 arbitration 仲裁被诉人 respondent;defendant 仲裁裁决 award 仲裁申请书 arbitration

仲裁申诉人 claimant;plaintiff 仲裁庭 arbitration tribunal 仲裁委员会 arbitration committee 仲裁协议 arbitration agreement;clauses of arbitration 仲裁员 arbitrator

主诉检察官 principal procurator 助理检察官 assistant procurator 助理审判员 assistant judge 专门法院 special court专门管辖 specific jurisdiction 专属管辖 exclusive jurisdiction 追究刑事责任 investigate for criminal responsibility 自首 confession to justice 自诉案件 private-prosecuting case

自行辩护 self-defense 自由心证制度 doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence 自侦案件 self-investigating case 最高人民法院 the Supreme People’s Court 最高人民检察院 the Supreme People’s Procuratorate 最后裁决书 final award

三、民事法律

法律渊源 source of law 制定法 statute 判例法 case law;precedent 普通法 common law 特别法 special law 固有法 native law;indigenous law 继受法 adopted law

实体法 substantial law 程序法 procedural law 原则法 fundamental law 例外法 exception law 司法解释 judicial interpretation习惯法 customary law 公序良俗 public order and moral 自然法 natural law 罗马法 Roman Law 私法 private law 公法 public law 市民法 jus civile 万民法 jus gentium 民法法系 civil law system 英美法系 system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系 civil law system 普通法 common law 大陆法 continental law 罗马法系 Roman law system 英吉利法 English law 衡平法 equity;law of equity

日尔曼法 Germantic law 教会法 ecclesiastical law 寺院法 canon law 伊斯兰法 Islamic law 民法法律规范 norm of civil law 授权规范 authorization norm 禁止规范 forbidding norm 义务性规范 obligatory norm 命令性规范 commanding norm

民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law平等原则 principle of equality 自愿原则 principle of free will 公平原则 principle of justice

等价有偿原则 principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则 principle of good faith 行为 act 作为 act 不作为 omission 合法行为 lawful act 违法行为 unlawful act 民事权利权利能力 civil right 绝对权 absolute right 相对权 relative right 优先权 right of priority 先买权 preemption 原权 antecedent right 救济权 right of relief 支配权 right of dominion 请求权 right of claim 物上请求权right of claim for real thing 形成权 right of formation

撤销权 right of claiming cancellation 否认权 right of claiming cancellation 解除权 right of renouncement 代位权 subrogated right 选择权 right of choice 承认权 right of admission 终止权 right of termination 抗辩权 right of defense

一时性抗辩权 momentary right of defense 永久性抗辩权 permanent counter-argument right 不安抗辩权 unstable counter-argument right

同时履行抗辩权 defense right of simultaneous performance 既得权 tested right 期待权 expectant right 专属权 exclusive right 非专属权 non-exclusive right 人身权利 personal right 人权 human right 人格权 right of personality

生命健康权 right of life and health 姓名权 right of name 名称权 right of name 肖像权 right of portraiture 自由权 right of freedom 名誉权 right reputation 隐私权 right of privacy 私生活秘密权 right of privacy 贞操权 virginity right 身份权 right of status 亲权 parental power;parental right 亲属权 right of relative 探视权 visitation right 配偶权 right of spouse 荣誉权 right of honor

权利的保护 protection of right 公力救济 public protection 私力救济 self-protection 权利本位 standard of right 社会本位 standard of society 无责任行为 irresponsible right 正当防卫 justifiable right;ligitimate defence 防卫行为 act of defence

自为行为 self-conducting act 紧急避险 act of rescue;necessity 自助行为 act of self-help 不可抗力 force majeure 意外事件 accident 行为能力 capacity for act

意思能力 capacity of will 民事行为 civil act 意思表示 declaration of intention 意思表示一致 meeting of minds;consensus 完全行为能力 perfect capacity for act 限制行为能力 restrictive capacity for act 准禁治产人 quasi-interdicted person 保佐 protection 自治产人 minor who is capable of administering his own capacity 无行为能力 incapacity for act 禁治产人 interdicted person 自然人 natural person 公民 citizen 住所 domicile 居所 residence 经常居住地 frequently dwelling place 户籍 census register 监护 guardianship 个体工商户 individual business

农村承包经营户 leaseholding rural household 合伙 partnership 合伙人 partner 合伙协议 partnership agreement 合伙财产 property of partnership

合伙债务 debt of partnership 入伙 join partnership 退伙 withdrawal from partnership 合伙企业 partnership business establishment 个人合伙 partnership 法人合伙 partnership of legal person 特别合伙 special partnership

普通合伙 general partnership 有限合伙 limited partnership 民事合伙 civil partnership

隐名合伙 sleeping partnership;dormant partnership 私营企业 private enterprise;proprietorship 法人 legal person 企业法人 legal body of enterprise 企业集团 group of enterprise 关联企业 affiliate enterprise 个人独资企业 individual business establishment

国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise 中外合资企业 Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise 中外合作企业 Sino-foreign contractual enterprise 社团法人 legal body of mass organization 财团法人legal body of financial group 联营 joint venture

法人型联营 association of legal persons 合伙型联营 coordinated management in partnership 协作型联营 cooperation-type coordinated management 合作社 cooperative 民事法律行为 civil legal act 单方民事法律行为 unilateral civil legal act 双方民事法律行为 bilateral civil legal act 多方民事法律行为 joint act civil legal act 有偿民事法律行为 civil legal act with consideration

无偿民事法律行为 civil legal act without consideration;civil legal act without award

实践性民事法律行为 practical civil legal act 诺成性民事法律行为 consental civil legal act 要式民事法律行为 formal civil legal act 不要式民事法律行为 informal civil legal act

要因民事法律行为 causative civil legal act 不要因民事法律行为 noncausative civil legal act 主民事法律行为 principal civil legal act 从民事法律行为 accessory civil legal act

附条件民事法律行为 conditional civil legal act 附期限民事法律行为 civil legal act with term 生前民事法律行为 civil legal act before death 死后民事法律行为 civil legal act after death 准民事法律行为 quasi-civil legal act 无效行为 ineffective act

可撤销民事行为 revocable civil act 违法行为 illegal act;unlawful act 侵权行为 tort 欺诈 fraud 胁迫 duress 乘人之危 taking advantage of others’ precarious position 以合法形式掩盖非法目的 legal form concealing illegal intention

恶意串通 malicious collaboration 重大误解 gross misunderstanding 显失公平obvious unjust 误传 misrepresentation 代理 agency 本人 principal 被代理人 principal 受托人 trustee 代理人 agent 本代理人 original agent 法定代理人 statutory agent;legal agent 委托代理人 agent by mandate 指定代理人 designated agent 复代理人 subagent

再代理人 subagent 转代理人 subagent 代理权 right of agency 授权行为 act of authorization 授权委托书 power of attorney 代理行为 act of agency 委托代理 agency by mandate

本代理 original agency 复代理 subagency 次代理 subagency 有权代理 authorized agency 表见代理 agency by estoppel;apparent agency 律师代理 agency by lawyer 普通代理 general agency 全权代理 general agency

全权代理委托书 general power of attorney 共同代理 joint agency 独家代理 sole agency 居间 brokerage 居间人 broker 行纪 commission;broker house 信托 trust

时效 time limit;prescription;limitation 时效中止 suspension of prescription/limitation 时效中断 interruption of limitation/prescription 时效延长 extension of limitation 取得时效 acquisitive prescription 时效终止 lapse of time;termination of prescription 期日 date 期间 term 涉外民事关系 civil relations with foreign elements

冲突规范 rule of conflict 准据法applicable law;governing law 反致 renvoi;remission 转致 transmission 识别 identification 公共秩序保留 reserve of public order

法律规避 evasion of law 国籍 nationality 国有化 nationalization 法律责任 legal liability 民事责任 civil liability/responsibility 行政责任 administrative liability/responsibility 刑事责任 criminal liability/responsibility

违约责任 liability of breach of contract;responsibility of default 有限责任 limited liability 无限责任 unlimited liability 按份责任 shared/several liability

连带责任 joint and several liability 过失责任 liability for negligence;negligent liability 过错责任 fault liability;liability for fault 单独过错 sole fault 共同过错 joint fault 混合过错 mixed fault 被害人过错 victim’s fault 第三人过错 third party’s fault 推定过错 presumptive fault 恶意 bad faith;malice

故意 deliberate intention;intention;willfulness 过失 negligence 重大过失 gross negligence 疏忽大意的过失 careless and inadvertent negligence

过于自信的过失 negligence with undue assumption 损害事实 facts of damage 有形损失 tangible damage/loss 无形损失 intangible damage/loss 财产损失 property damage/loss 人身损失 personal damage/loss 精神损失 spiritual damage/loss

民事责任承担方式 methods of bearing civil liability 停止侵害 cease the infringing act 排除妨碍 exclusion of hindrance;removal of obstacle 消除危险 elimination of danger 返还财产 restitution of property 恢复原状 restitution;restitution of original state 赔偿损失 compensate for a loss;indemnify for a loss

支付违约金 payment of liquidated damage 消除影响 eliminate ill effects 恢复名誉 rehabilitate one’s reputation 赔礼道歉 extend a formal apology

物权 jus ad rem;right in rem;real right

物权制度 real right system;right in rem system

一物一权原则 the principal of One thing, One Right 物权法定主义 principal of legality of right in rem

物权公示原则 principal of public summons of right in rem 物权法 jus rerem 物 property 生产资料 raw material for production 生活资料 means of livelihood;means of subsistence

流通物 res in commercium;a thing in commerce 限制流通物 limited merchantable thing

禁止流通物 res extra commercium;a thing out of commerce 资产 asset 固定资产 fixed asset 流动资产current asset;floating asset 动产 movables;chattel 不动产 immovable;real estate 特定物 res certae;a certain thing 种类物 genus;indefinite thing

可分物 res divisibiles;divisible things 不可分物 res indivisibiles;indivisible things 主物 res capitalis;a principal thing 从物 res accessoria;an accessory thing 原物 original thing 孳息 fruits 天然孳息 natural fruits 法定孳息 legal fruits 无主物 bona vacatia;vacant goods;ownerless goods 遗失物 lost property 漂流物 drifting object 埋藏物 fortuna;hidden property 货币 currency

证券 securities 债券 bond 物权分类 classification of right in rem/real right

自物权 jus in re propria;right of full ownership 所有权 dominium;ownership;title

所有权凭证 document of title;title of ownership 占有权 dominium utile;equitable ownership 使用权right of use;right to use of 收益权 right to earnings;right to yields 处分权 right of disposing;jus dispodendi 善意占有 possession in good faith

恶意占有 malicious possession 按份共有 several possession 共同共有 joint possession 他物权 jus in re aliena 用益物权 real right for usufruct 使用权 right to use;right of use 土地使用权 right to the use of land 林权 forest ownership 采矿权 mining ownership

经营权 managerial authority;power of management 承包经营权 right to contracted management

相邻权 neighboring right;relatedright 地上权 superficies

永佃权 jus emphyteuticum;right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract 地役权 servitude;easement 人役权 servitus personarum;personal servitude 担保物权 real right for security 物的担保 security for thing 物的瑕疵担保 warranty against defect of a thing

抵押权 hypotheca;hypothecation;right to mortgage 抵押权的设定creation of right to mortgage 抵押人 mortgagor 抵押权人 mortgagee 抵押标的物 collateral;estate under mortgage 抵押权的效力 deffect of right to mortgage 抵押权的次序sequence of right to mortgage

抵押权的抛弃 abandonment of right to mortgage 抵押权的让与 alienation of right to mortgage 抵押权的实现 materialization of right to mortgage

抵押权的消灭 extinction of right to mortgageregistration of estate under mortgage 抵押物登记 registration of estate under mortgage 抵押优先权 priority of mortgage 留置权 lien 一般留置权 general lien 特别留置权 special lien 质权 hypotheque;pledge;right of pledge 佃权 tenant right

债权 jus in personam;right to give or procure;claim;creditor’s right

债权人 creditor 债务人 debtor 相对人 counterpart;offeree 给付 give;pay

债务 debt;liability;obligation 债务的偿还 payment of debt 债务的偿清 discharge of debt 债务的担保 guarantee of debt 债务的合并 consolidation of debt

债务的给付日期 debt maturity 债务的免除 exemption of debt 债的分类 obligatio;obligation 法定之债 legal obligation 任意之债 voluntary obligation 简单之债 simple obligation 选择之债 alternative obligation 主债 prime/principal obligation 从债 accessory obligation 单一之债 single obligation 按份之债 several obligation 连带之债 joint obligation

特定之债 certain obligation 种类之债 indefinite obligation 合同之债 contractual obligation 侵权行为之债 tort obligation

损害赔偿之债 obligation of compensation for injury;obligation of damages 人身损害 damage to person 精神损害moral/mental/spiritual damage

医药费 hospital treatment expense 医疗费 medical charge 抚恤金 pension

慰问金 consolation money 产品瑕疵 defect of product 不当得利 unjust enrichment 无因管理 voluntary service

债的担保 guarantee of obligation 财产担保 property guarantee 信用担保 credit guarantee 让与担保 alienation guarantee 保证 guaranty 明示保证 express guaranty

默示保证 implied guaranty 保证人 guarantor 保证合同 contract of guaranty/suretyship 保证金 guaranty bond;security deposit 押金 deposit;foregift 预付款advanced payment 定金 earnest money;deposit 违约金 liquidated damages

法定违约金 liquidated damages by law 约定违约金 liquidated damages by agreement 债的履行 performance of obligation 实际履行原则 doctrine of specific performance 情事变更原则 doctrine of change of circumstances 不当履行 misfeasance 清偿 discharge;satisfaction

提存 debtor’s submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority 抵销 setoff

知识产权 intellectual property

知识产权国际保护 international protection of intellectual property

国民待遇原则 doctrine of national treatment 优先权原则 a right of priority doctrine 自动保护原则 doctrine of automatic protection 特许权使用费 royalties

智力成果 intellectual property 著作权 copyright 版权 copyright 著作权人 copyright owner 创作 creation 作品 opus;product;work 著作人格权 right of personality of copyright 发表权 right of publication 署名权 right of authorship;right of paternity

修改权 right of modification;right of revision 完整性保持权 right to maintain integrity 不可侵犯权 inviolability 收回权 right of recall;right of retrieval

自费出版 publish a book at the author’s own expense 著作财产权 property right in work 使用收益分享权 right to share usufruct 利用权 right to make use of

获得报酬权 right to get payment 重播权 right of rebroadcasting 录制权 right of fixation 机械复制权 right of mechanograph;right of mechanical reproduction

著作邻接权neighboring right of copyright 剽窃 plagiary;plagiarism 盗版 pirate 盗版VCD pirated VCD 伪造 forge工业产权 industrial property 专利权 patent right 优先权日 priority date 申请在先原则 prior application rule 使用在先 priority of use 新颖性 novelty 创造性 creativity实用性 practicability 发明创造 invention and creation 实用新型 utility model 外观设计 design;industrial design 发明权 right of invention 发现权 right of discovery 专利申请 patent application 专利异议 objection to a patent 专利公告 patent gazette 专利续展费 renewal fee of patent

专利许可协议 patent licensing agreement 技术诀窍 know-how 专有技术 know-how 专利证书 certificate of patent 专利事务所 patent office 专利代理 patent agency 中华人民共和国专利局 Patent Office of the People’s Republic of China

商标权 trademark right 商标国际注册 international registration of trademark

商品商标 commodity trademark 服务商标 service trademark 驰名商标 reputed trademark 广告商标 advertisement trademark近似商标 similar trademark

商标评审委员会 trade review and appraisal board 商标审查 trademark examination

商标侵权 trademark infringement 商标注册 registered trademark 商标公告 trademark gazette 注册商标使用许可 licensing of registered trademark 注册商标转让 assignment of registered trademark

商标使用许可协议trademark licensing agreement 商标事务所 trademark office 商标代理 trademark agency

婚姻、家庭、继承、收养 marriage, family, inheritance, adoption 婚姻法 marital law;marriage law 包办婚姻 arranged marriage

财产分割 partition;dismemberment of property 重婚 bigamy 独生子女 only child

法律婚 legal marriage 非婚生子女 illegitimate child 夫妻共同财产 community property

夫妻关系 conjugal relationship 夫妻分居 divorce a mensa et thoro;divorce from bed and board 复婚 resumption of marriage 感情破裂 incompatibility

婚后财产公证 notarization of postnuptial properties 婚姻登记 marriage registration 婚生子女 ligitimate child 计划生育 birth control 结婚 marry 离婚 divorce 买卖婚姻 mercenary marriage 拟制血亲 blood relations in fiction of law

旁系血亲 collateral relation blood relation 涉外婚姻 marriage with foreign elements 配偶 spouse 事实婚 de facto marriage 诉讼离婚 divorce by litigation

探视权 visitation right 同居 cohabitation 晚婚 late marriage 无效婚姻 void marriage 协议离婚 divorce by agreement 一夫一妻制 monogamy 早婚 early marriage 直系血亲 lineal descent 自然血亲 natural blood relation 收养法 adoption law 收养协议 adoption agreement 收养人 adoptive parent 送养人 person or institution placing out a child for adoption

涉外收养 adoption with foreign elements 继承法 inheritance law;law of succession

法定继承 legal seccession 遗嘱继承 intestate succession 遗赠继承 succession by devise 自然继承 natural succession 代位继承 representation;succession by subrogation 世袭继承 hereditary succession 间接继承 indirect succession 转继承 subsuccession 共同继承 joint succession 单独继承 single succession 继承人 heir;successor

第二顺序继承人 successor second in order 第一顺序继承人 successor first in order 继承参与人 succession participant 遗产 inheritance;heritage 遗产继承人 heir to property;inheritor 遗言 last will and testament 遗书 last words 遗赠 bequest;legacy;devise 遗赠抚养协议 legacy-support ageement

四、商事法律

会计法 accounting law 税法 tax law;taxation law 反不正当竞争法 anti-unfair competition law

消费者权益保护法 consumer’s interest protection law 产品责任法 production liability law 消费者权益法 consumer rights and interests law 公司法 company law;corporate law 公司 company;corporation 有限责任公司 limited liability company 股份有限公司 company limited by shares 无限公司 unlimited company

股份两合公司 joint stock limited liability partnership 两合公司 joint liability company 控股公司 holding company 集团公司 group company 合资公司 joint venture company 联营公司 associated company;affiliated company 国营公司 state-own company 国有公司 state-owned company 民营公司 civilian-run company

本国公司 national/domestic company 外国公司 foreign company 上市公司 listed company 母公司 parent company 子公司 subsidiary 皮包公司 briefcase company;fundless company 募集设立 incorporation by stock floatation 发起人 floater;initiator 公司名称 name of company 公司住址 domicile of company

出资 contribution;capital subscription现金出资 investment in cash

实物出资 investment in kind 工业产权出资 investment in industrial property right 非专有技术出资 investment in non-patent technology 劳务出资 investment in labor 高新技术成果出资 investment in hi-tech achievements 注册资本 registered capital 实缴资本 paid-in capital 验资报告 capital verification report

会计师事务所 certified public accountants 注册会计师 certified public accountant 资本三原则 three doctrine of capital 资本确定原则 doctrine of capital determination

资本维持原则 doctrine of capital maintenance 资本不变原则 doctrine of unchanging capital 最低资本额制度 minimum capital system

公司章程 articles of association;articles of incorporation;bylaw

公司登记 incorporation;corporate registration 公司存续 existence of company

公司合并分立 merger and split of company 公司并购 corporate merger and acquisition 公司管理 corporate governance;company management 公司法律顾问 corporate counsel

公司整顿 company rectification 公司歇业 closure of business 公司和解 company composition

公司解散 company dissolution 公司清算 company liquidation 公司清理 company winding-up

竞业禁止 non-commpete;competition prohibition 招股章程 prospectus 股本 stock capital 股东 shareholder 股东大会 shareholders’ meeting 股东大会决议 resolution of shareholders’ meeting

股东大会议事规则 rule of procedure of shareholders’ meeting 表决权 voting right;right to vote

董事 director 董事长 president/chairman of the board 首席执行官 chief executive officer(CEO)首席运营官 chief operation officer(COO)执行董事 executive director 常务董事 managing director 董事会 board of directors

董事会领导下的经理负责制 responsibility system of the chief executive officer under the leadership of the board of directors

经理独立负责制 manager independent responsibility system 监事 supervisor

监事会 board of supervisors 股 share;stock 普通股 common stock 特别股 special stock 资格股 qualification stock 优先股 preferred stock 劣后股 inferior stock

表决权股 stock with voting power 溢价股 premium stock 折价股 converting stock 国家股 state-owned share 集体股 collective share 法人股 corporate share 企业股 enterprise share 个人股 individual share 股息 dividend

红股 bonus stock;dividend stock 法定公积金 legal accumulation fund

资本公积金 capital accumulation fund 盈余公积金 surplus accumulation fund 任意公积金 optional accumulation fund 公司犯罪 corporate crime

证券法 securities law

证券发行 issuance of securities 证券上市 list securities;float an issue

证券交易所 stock exchange 证券商 securities dealer 证券公司 securities company 证券承销商 consortium of underwriters 证券承销合同 underwriting contract 证券经纪人 securities broker 披露制度 disclosing system 交割日 closing date 风险投资基金 venture capital fund 上海证券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange

深圳证券交易所 Shenzhen Stock Exchange 证券监督委员会 securities supervision committee 票据法 law of negotiable instrument 票据 notes;bills;commercial instruments 商业票据 bill;commercial instrument 远期票据 time bill;;long-dated bill

到期票据 matured bill 即期票据 sight bill 记名票据 bill payable to order;note to order 不记名票据 bearer instrument 本票 promissory note 支票 cheque

汇票 bill of exchange 发票日 ticket day 出票日 date of draft/issue 发票地 place of draft/issue

票据到期日 bill to mature 票据金额 sum of bill 票面价额 face value 票据出票人 drawer 票据持票人 bill holder 票据承兑人 bill acceptor 票据行为 act on commercial paper

承兑票据 honor a bill 票据议付 negotiation 拒付票据 protest a bill 票据付款人 drawee 票据支付人 payer on commercial instrument 票据收款人 bill collector

票据背书人 endorser/indorser of a bill 被背书人 endorsee 票据保证人 bill guarantor 票据被保证人 bill pledgee/warrantee 再追索人 renewed recourser 前手 remote holder 后手 subsequent endorser 票据权利 right of bill 票据期限 term of bill;tenor 票据债务人 debtor of commercial instrument 追索权 right of recourse

票据抗辩 exception to bill 票据丧失 loss of bill 票据时效 prescription of exchanges 票据贴现 discount of bill 再贴现 rediscount of bill 恩惠期间 term of benevolence 票据代理 agency for notes/bills/commercial instruments

海商法 maritime law

船舶国籍证书 certificate of registry;certificate of ship’s nationality 船棋国 flag country 船舶所有权证书certificate of ship ownership 船舶检验 register of ship 船舶保险 insurance on hull 船舶保险单 hull insurance policy

船舶登记证书 certificate of registry 船舶丈量 tonnage measurement of ships 船舶进港费 groundage 船舶抵押 ship mortgage 船舶租赁 ship chartering

船舶转租 ship subchartering 船舶所有人责任限制 limitation of liabilities of ship owners 船舶碰撞 ship collision 船舶遇难 maritime distress 海上灾难 perils of the sea 海上拖航 marine towage 船舶扣押 detention of ship 船舶债权 ship’s credit

船级社 classification society 船级证书 certificate of class 海上留置权 maritime lien 船舶留置权 maritime lien 船舶抵押权 maritime mortgage

海上优先请求权 priority claim to seagoing ships 救助优先权 priority claim to salvage 共同海损优先权 priority claim to general average 服务优先权 priority claim to service 货物损害优先权 priority claim to cargo damage

传播抵押借款和货物抵押借款优先权 priority claim to ship credit and goods credit 海运合同 shipping contract 提单 bill of lading(B/L)空舱费 dead freight 租船费 charterage 租船合同 charter-party contract of affreightment

期租船合同 time charter-party;time CP 航次租船合同 voyage charter-party

定期租船合同 time charter-party 光船租船合同 bareboat charter-party;bareboat CP 包租运输合同 shipping charter-party

海上旅客运输合同 contract for carriage of passengers by sea

远洋拖带合同 contract of ocean towage 港内拖带合同 contract of port towage 海难救助合同 salvage contract 海事报告 master’s protest;;sea protest

海事声明书 sea protest 海事争议 maritime dispute 海事法院 maritime court;;admiralty court 海事诉讼程序 maritime proceedings

船舶碰撞案件的民事管辖权 civil jurisdiction of sea collision 船舶碰撞案件的刑事管辖权 criminal jurisdiction of sea collision 海事争议的审理 hearing/trial of maritime disputes 海事诉讼保全措施 measures for maritime attachment 海事优先请求权 preferential right top maritime claim

海事请求保全申请书 application/petition for maritime attachment

海事诉讼法律文书送达 service of legal instruments in maritime action/proceedings 涉外海事诉讼管辖权 jurisdiction of maritime action involving for elements 强制变卖被扣押船舶 compulsory realization of the distrained ship 海事仲裁程序规则 rules of maritime arbitration procedure

保险法 insurance law

自愿保险 voluntary insurance 强制保险 compulsory insurance

商业保险 commercial insurance财产保险 property insurance 人身保险 personal insurance 人寿保险 life insurance 健康保险 health insurance 意外保险 accident insurance

社会保险 social insurance 养老保险 endowment insurance 医疗保险 medical insurance 失业保险 unemployment insurance 信用保险 credit insurance 保证保险 guaranty insurance 保险合同 insurance contract

保险人 insurer;underwriter 被保险人 the insured 受益人 benificiary 投保人 applicant for insurance;;policy holder

保险单 insurance policy 保险标的 insurance object 保险费 premium 保险期限 time limit of insurance 保险利益 insurable interest

保险金额 insurance;insurance compensation 保险事故 insurance accident

保险赔偿 insurance indemnity 保险代理人 insurance agent 保险经纪人 insurance broker 索赔 claim 代位索赔 claim by subrogation 理赔 settlement of claim

代位求偿权 right of subrogation 委付 abandonment 退保 cancellation/discharging of insurance

五、刑法总论

刑法学 criminal law;penal law

犯罪学 criminology 犯罪心理学 criminal psychology 劳动改造法学 reform-through-labor 中国刑法史 history of Chinese criminal law 比较刑法学 comparative criminal law 刑事侦查 criminal detection 司法精神病学 forensic psychiatry

罪刑法定原则 principal of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime 罪刑相适应原则 principal of suiting punishment to crime

罪责自负原则 principal of bearing responsibility solely for one’s own crime 惩罚与教育相结合原则 principal of combining punishment with education

从旧原则 the doctrine of observing old laws 从新原则 the doctrine of observing new laws 从旧兼从轻原则 the doctrine of observing old laws and new ones when with lighter punishment 从新兼从轻原则 the doctrine of observing new laws and old ones when with lighter punishment 追诉时效 limitation of prosecution 刑事责任 criminal liability/responsibility 刑事责任年龄 age for criminal responsibility

刑事责任能力 criminal responsibility;capacity for criminal responsibility

犯罪 crime;commit a crime 故意犯罪 intentional crime;willful crime 过失犯罪 negligent crime

犯罪构成 constitution of a crime 犯罪主体 subject of a crime 犯罪客体 object of a crime 犯罪的主观方面 subjective elements of a crime 犯罪的客观方面 objective elements of a crime 犯罪对象 target of a crime 犯罪故意 criminal intent;mens rea

直接故意 actual intent;direct intent 间接故意 indirect intent 犯罪过失 criminal negligence 疏忽大意的过失 careless negligence 过于自信的过失 negligence with undue assumption 不能预见 unforeseeable;unpredictable 不能避免 unavoidable 犯罪动机 criminal motive 犯罪目的 criminal intent;criminal purpose 防卫过当 unjustifiable self-defense

紧急避险 act of rescue;necessity 犯罪既遂 completion of a crime 犯罪未遂 attempted crime 犯罪形态 criminal pattern 犯罪预备 a crime in preparation;preparation for a crime 犯意表示 expression for a crime 犯罪中止 abandonment/discontinuance of a crime

犯罪中断 suspension of a crime 行为犯 behavioral offence 危险犯 potential damage offence 结果犯 consequential offence结果加重犯 aggregated consequential offence 类推 analogy

第二篇：洛丽塔读后感英文Law or Morality

Law or Morality

This is a story about redemption.Jean Valjean, Convicted for stealing a loaf of bread to feed his sister’s seven starving children and sent to prison for five years, he is paroled from prison nineteen years later.Rejected by society for being a former convict, he encounters Bishop Myriel, who turns his life around by showing him mercy and encouraging him to become a new man.He used to be a prisoner;no one is willing to take him in but Bishop Myriel.While Valjean stealing Bishop Myriel’s silver and caught by police, the old priest saves Valjean from being arrested.That is totally changed Valjean.He manages to start a new identity(Monsieur Madeleine)in order to pursue an honest life, after saving the two children of the head police officer in Montfermeil, who does not feel motivated to inquire into Monsieur Madeleine's past.He introduces some new manufacturing techniques and eventually builds two factories and becomes one of the richest men in the area.By popular acclaim he is made mayor.He has a face off with Javert over Fantine's punishment, turns himself in to the police to save another man from prison for life and rescues Cosette from the Thénardiers.To some degrees, I think Javert is just not in human nature to work for a lifetime in order to catch Valjean.The guilt he has ever had is offset by what he has done.But Javert is a police inspector, his mission is catch prisoner.It’s cruel for him to have an option between law and

morality.Javert is in a situation in which he knows that the lawful course is immoral.Actually he is touched by Valjean.As a result, His inner conflict leads him to take his own life by jumping into the River Seine.At first I don’t understand why Valjean choose to kill himself.I think it might be redemption for his guilt.In my opinion, Valjean is not just an abstract person;he represents the working people, who are always exploited by the dark society.They have kind personality but were killed by dark.I firmly convinced that Valjean’ life is not miserable for he had respected by people.What is miserable is the pathetic society swallowed so many pure hearts.

第三篇：广告业常用英文术语

AAAA America Association of Advertising 美国／广告代理商协会

advertising 广告、广告活动

advocacy advertising 倡导型广告

Account Executive 客户主管

Account planning 客户策划

Account Services 客户部

Advertise 广告主

Advertising Department 企业广告部

agency 广告代理商

Art Director 美术指导

Assistant Partner 董事助理

bid [bid] 广告竞标

business-to-business advertising(B2B advertising)B2B广告

brand image 品牌映象

capitalism 资本本主义，资本运营

commercial advertising 商业广告

communication process 传播过程

comparative advertising 比较广告

consumer advertising 消费品广告

consumerism 消费模式

customer 顾客

Chief Executive Officer(CEO)首席执行长官

Chief Financial Officer(CFO)首席财务官

client 客户

Copywriter 广告撰告人

Creative Department 创作部

Creative Director 创意总监

deceptive advertising 虚假广告

department 部门

design 设汁稿

data 数据

director 主管

end-user 最终用户、实际使用者

industrial advertising 工业广告

institutional advertising 社团机构广告

Management Supervisor 管理监督 Market share 市场占有率

Marketing 营销

Media Department 媒介部

media planning 媒体策划

media 媒介

national advertising 全国性广告

noncommercial advertising 非商业广告

pitch 提案

professional advertising 业服务型广告

public service advertising(PSA)公益广告

puffery 吹捧式的广告

qualitative 定性的quantitative 定量的Research Department 调查部

retail advertising 零售商广告

Sister agency 同属同-集团的广告公司

supplier 制作公司

Traffic Department 流程协调部

Brainstorming 头脑风暴法

Campaign 广告攻势

Commercial 影视广告片

coupon 赠券、折价券

logo 品牌标识

magazine 杂志

media budge 媒体预算

media mix 媒体组合medium 媒体(指某个媒体)metropolitan 大都会的outdoor 户外媒体

promotion 推广 用品

public relations(PR．)公共关系

radio 广播媒体

Situation Analysis 背景分析

Slogan 广告口号

Television program 电视节目

Website [websait] 主页，网站

Drive-time 交通高峰时间 So big 做大

Numbers 数据

Yeah 是的(对啦)A priori 先验估汁(演绎法)A posteriori 实测值(归纳法)Code 编号

debranding 品牌屏蔽测试

depth Interview 深度访谈

desk research 案头调研

dichotomous question 两分问题

double-barreled question 两难问题

double-blind 双盲测试(指实验组和对照组)fatigue bias 疲劳偏差

fieldwork 现场调查

focus group 焦点小组

interview 访谈

market research 市场调查

mystery shopping 以购物为掩护的调查

observation 观察

panel 重复凋查样本群

participant 参与者

population 总人口，总体

sample 抽样误差

skew 歪曲

survey 调查

tabulation 统计制表

boil down to 归结为

hard-and-fast 明确易懂

pretty much 大致上

analysis 分析

community relation 社区关系

competitor 竞争者、对于

content integration 软性广告

cost effective 广告成本效益

creative 创意

government relations 政府关系

grass roots marketing 贴身式营销

industry 行业

integrated marketing communication 整合营销传播

litigation 起沂，诉讼 markets 市场组合media service 媒介代理

merger 企业合并

online advertising 在线广告

point-of-purchase（pop）焦点广告

position 定位

print平面广告媒体

publics 公众群体

strategic philanthropy 策略性公益事业

strategy 策略、策划

target audience 目标受众

web design 网站设计

digital 数字化

co-marketing 联袂营销

conference 会议

consulting 咨询

corporate identity 企业识别

culture-specific 文化(民族)特性

demographic marketing 人口统汁特征营销

direct mail(DM)直邮广告

direct marketing 直销

event planning 活动策划

exhibition stand 展台

integrated branding 整合品牌传播

internal corporate communications 企业内部沟通

investor relations 股东关系

nontraditional 非传统的packaging 包装

product placement 产品涉入

promotion 活动

psychographic 心理统汁的retail 零售

retail space 零售市场区域

sales promotion 促销活动

sponsorship 赞助

trade channels 业务渠道

vertical publications 行业刊物

viral marketing 传染式营销

best face forward 展现最佳面貌

speak with One voice 统一传播口径

the edge 优势 top to bottom 自上而下

Billboard 广告路牌

Blow in card 报刊广告插页

Bulldog edition 报纸的早发版

Car card [ka：ka：d] 车厢广告

Counter advertising 异议式、对抗式广告

Display advertisement 陈列式广告

Electric spectacular 霓虹灯广告

Free-standing insert 非装订广告插页

House organ 企业专刊(杂志)Insert 广告插页

Island display(超市内)堆头式陈列

mail-order advertising 邮购广告

network 电(视)台网

out-of-home advertising 家外媒体

painted bulletin 手绘广告牌

panel 广告牌

pass-along reader 传阅读者

poster panel 用印刷画 面拼贴的广告牌

shelf screamers 货架插件广告物

supplementary media 辅助媒体(非大众传媒)vehicle 广告载体

count out 清点，算出

make it through the day 过一整天

pass．．．off to 把……给出

pass-along reader 传阅读者

poster panel 用印刷四画面拼贴的广告牌

shelf screamers 货架插件广告物

supplementary media 辅助媒体

vehicle 广告载体

count to 清点，算出

make it through the day 过一整天

pass．．．off to 把……给出

ad planning 广告策划

admen 广告人

appeal 诉求

consumer behavior 消费者行为

copy platform 文案大纲

creative stratgy 创意策略

DAGMAR 广告效果评估体系 Day part 时段

Decay constant 衰退常数

hierarchy-of-effect theory 效果层级理论

infomercial 电视直销节日

market profile 市场状况

market segmentation 市场细分

persuasion process 劝服过程

primary demand advertising 品类诉求广告

product-related segmentation 产品消费量细分

seasonality 季节性

selective demand advising 选样性诉求(品牌)广告

soft sell 软销，感受型广告

strategic planning 战略策划

teaser campaign 悬念式(调味)广告攻势

rule-of thumb 经验法则

brand manager 品牌经理

corporate advising 企业广告

family brand 多品类品牌

generic brand 非名牌(产品)green advertising 绿色策略式广告

image advertising 形象广告

line 产品系列

name-brand 名牌

national brand 全国性品牌

parity 同等

private brand 零售商自有品牌

product different 产品差异

product management品牌管理

product positioning 产品定位

reference group 参照组

tagline(广告)行动口号

top-the-line 顶级的trade character 吉祥物

utility 好处，用途

really do something with 确实能用它做些文章

zccumulation 受众数(特定周期内)audience duplication 重复受众 brand development index 品牌成长指数

category development index(CDI)销量成长指数

coverage 覆盖率，覆盖范围

cumulative coverage 累计（总）覆盖率

exposure 告显露次数

frequency 广告频次

gross audience 受众总量

gross impression 总印象

gross rating points 总收视点

loyalty index 忠诚度

mags 杂志(简写)

media concentration theory 媒体集合理论

media dominance theory 媒介优势理论

media plan 媒体计划

net unduplicated audience 受众

participation 参与

program delivery rate 节目到达率

reach 到达

turnover 受众流失

overall 全部的

rerunning numbers 复核---的数据

archetype 标准受众，原型

availability 空余时段

back-to-back 广告连播

chain break 节目提示标板

circulation 发行量

continuity 持续型排期

continuous advertising 持续型广告

fresh 新颖的

fringe time 非黄金时段

holding power 节目(频道)凝聚力

holdover audience 既有观众

inherited audience 既有观众

open end 节日提示语广告时段

piggyback 同一客户广告连播

prime time 黄金时报

pulsing 栏栅式(或间隔式)排期

roadblock 拦路广告

run-of-schedule(ROS)非指定时段

staggered schedule 交错排期 wave scheduling 波浪式排期

wear out 广告磨损

ln lieu Of 代替

buried position 被淹没的广告位

column inch 栏／英寸(报纸广告单位)double truck 双页／，告(跨页)facing 一个广告牌(户外媒体单位)franchised position 专用广告位置

insertion平面媒体广告次数

insertion order 广告版位定购

island position 独立广告版位

lifestyle segmentation 生活形态细分

local advertising 地方性广告

make good 补偿广告

media buy 媒体购买

media buying service 媒体购买代理

narrow casting 小范围播放(窄播)preferred position 首选广告版位

readership 读者人数

representative 媒体销售代表

run-of-press 随意安置的广告版位

split run 分版刊登

spread[spred] 杂志跨页

card rate 广告市价

combination 套装广告价

controlled circulation 定向发行量

cost per point(CPP)每收视点成本

cost per thousand(CPM)每千人成本

earn rate 媒体折扣价

flat rate 统一价格

grid card 电波广告刊例

guaranteed circulation 承诺发行量

horizontal publication 横向出版物

AA（Account Assistant）客户助理

Action Plan 行动方案

AD（Account Director）客户总监

Add Value 附加价值

Ads（Advertisement）广告

Advertorial付费软文

AE（Account Executive）客户代表、客户主任 Agency 代理商

AM（Account Manager）客户经理

Analysis Tools分析工具

Announcement 公告

Annual Report年报

AP(Asia-Pacific)亚太区

AR List 任务清单

ATL(Above the Line)线上活动

Attachment附件

Audience Awareness公众认知度

Auto Industry 汽车行业

Awareness 认知

Background Analysis 背景分析

Background material 背景材料

Benchmark测试基准

BI(Behavior Identity)企业行为识别系统

Bidding 竞标

Bio个人简历

Boilerplate公司简介（附在新闻稿后面的关于该公司的简短介绍）

Brand Communications Strategy品牌传播战略

Brand Loyalty品牌忠诚度

Brand Management Commission品牌管理委员会

Brand Management Consulting Firm品牌管理顾问公司

Brand Management品牌管理

Brand Planning/Designing品牌策划/设计

Brand Positioning Survey品牌定位调查

Brand Positioning 品牌定位

Brand Promotion品牌推广

Branding Strategy品牌战略

Briefing Kit资料包

Briefing情况介绍

BTL(Below the Line)线下活动

BU（Business Unit）业务部门

Bulletin公告栏

Bundle 附赠品

Business E-Mail 商务电邮

Business Model商业计划

Business Philosophy 经营哲学

Business Strategy 经营战略

Campaign 公关或营销活动

Career Development 职业发展

Career Planning职业计划

Case study案例研究

Category 类别 Celebration 庆典活动

CEO Reputation Management CEO声誉管理

CEO's Arrangement CEO接待

Channel 渠道

Chart 幻灯片中的页面

China Golden Awards For Excellence in Public Relations中国最佳公共关系案例大赛

China International Public Relations Congress中国国际公共关系大会

CI（Corporate Identity）企业形象

CIPRA（China International Public Relations Association）中国国际公共关系协会

CIS（Corporate Identity Sysetm）企业形象识别系统

Client Database Management客户数据管理

Client Oriented Strategy客户导向战略

Client Relations Development System客户关系开发系统

Client Relations Evaluation System客户管理评价系统

Client Relations Maintenance System客户关系维护系统

Client Relations Management System客户关系管理系统

Client Relations Management客户管理管理

Client Relations Precaution System客户管理预警系统

Client Relations Supporting System客户管理支持系统

Client Relations客户关系

Client Satisfaction Management客户满意度管理

Clipping Report剪报报告

Closing Phase结束阶段

Code of Conduct行为准则

Code of Ethics 职业道德

Communication Model 传播模式

Communications Kit新闻夹

Communications Management 传播管理

Communications Regions传播地域

Communications Strategy传播战略

Community Relations社区关系

Competitor竞争对手

Confidential 保密的、机密的Confidential Items保密条款

Consecutive Interpretation交互式翻译

Consultant顾问

Consumer Buying Process 顾客购买过程

Consumer Database顾客数据

Consumer Orientation消费者导向

Consumers/Dealers Assembly用户/经销商大会

Contact Person 联系人

Continuous Education继续教育

Controlling Phase 控制阶段

Coordination Communicating协调沟通 Copywriter 文案

Copywriting公关文案

Core Competitiveness核心竞争力

Core Media核心媒体

Corporate Affairs企业事务

Corporate Image企业形象

Corporate Profile公司简介

Corporate Reputation企业声誉

Corporate Video 宣传片

Cost Control成本控制

Cost Management成本管理

Creative & Design创意设计

Credential公司或个人简介

Crisis Control 危机控制

Crisis Management Office危机管理办公室

Crisis Management Planning危机管理策划

Crisis Management Team危机管理小组

Crisis Management危机管理

Crisis Research危机研究

Crisis Statement危机声明

Customer testimonial客户证言

Datasheet宣传页

Decoration 现场布置（装饰）

Demand Generation

Demo Booth 产品演示台

Diagnosis诊断

Director总监

Distributor 分销商

DM（Direct mailing）直邮

Domain Name Registration 域名注册

Donation捐赠

EC（East China)华东

Editorial Calendar媒体刊登计划

Effective Communications有效传播

Employee Compensation员工薪酬

Employee Relations员工关系

Environment Analysis环境分析

Environment Issues环境问题

Ethics of the Profession 职业道德

Event Management事件管理

Event Planning 事件策划

Event事件、活动

Executing Phase 执行阶段

Execution 执行 Executive President 执行总裁

Fact Sheet资料（数字或其他材料）

FAQ 常见问题问答

Fashion Business时尚产业

Feature article 深度文章

Feature文章类型中的通讯

Finance Management财务管理

Financial Communications财经传播

Flyer 宣传单页

Follow-up跟进

Forum 论坛

GCG（Grand China）大中国区

Glossary词汇表

Government Affairs政府事务

Government PR 政府公关

Government Relations政府关系

Govt（Government）政府

Graphics图形文件

Greetings问候语

Health Care医疗保健

High Tech高科技

Hospital PR 医院公关

Human Resource Management人力资源管理

IMC(Integrated Marketing Communications)整合营传播

Implementation实施

Incentive Plan激励计划

Industry Participation行业参与

Initiating Phase 初始阶段

INPUTS Evaluation Tools输入级评估工具

Integration Management整合管理

Interactive PR 网上互动公关

Internal Magazine内部期刊

Internal Communications System内部传播系统

Internal Communications内部传播

Internal Film内部电影

Internal PR 内部公关

International PR国际公关

Internet Communications网络传播

Internet Media Communications 网媒传播

Interpersonal Communications人际传播

Interpreter翻译

Interview 专访或面试

Introduction Lantern宣传幻灯

Investor Relations投资者关系 Invitation Letter 邀请

IPR（Institute of Public Relations）英国公共关系协会

IPRA（International Public Relations Association）国际公共关系协会

Issue Diagnosis问题诊断

Issues Management问题管理

ISV（Individual Software Vendor）独立软件开发商

Job Evaluation绩效考核

Journalist记者

Key Media关键媒体

Key Messages 关键信息

Keynote Speaker主题演讲人

Keynote Speech主题演讲

LA（Large Account）大客户

LE（Large Enterprise）大客户

Leadership 领导者

Legal Duty法律义务

Life Cycle of the Products 产品生命周期

Lobby游说

Logo标识

Long Term Program长期项目

Lucky Draw 抽奖

Marcomm（Marketing Communications）营销传播

Market Analysis Report市场分析报告

Marketing Communications Mix营销传播组合Marketing Communications营销传播

Marketing Strategy 市场营销战略

Marketshare 市场份额

Mass Media大众媒体

MB（Medium business）中客户

MC（Master of Ceremonies）主持人

MC（Middle China）华中

MD（Managing Director）董事总经理、执行董事

Media Assistant媒介助理

Media Analysis媒体分析

Media Communications Strategy媒体传播战略

Media Communications媒体传播

Media Coverage 媒体覆盖率

Media Director 媒介总监

Media Executive媒介代表、媒介主任

Media Inquiry媒体垂询

Media Kit媒体资料包

Media List媒体名单

Media Manager媒介经理

Media Monitor媒体监测 Media Relations媒介关系

Media Research媒体研究

Media Tour媒体拜访或媒体外出巡游

Media媒体

Meeting Agenda会议议程

Meeting Minutes 会议记录

Merchandise促销物品

Methodology方法论

MI(Mind Identity)企业理念识别

MI（Media Index)企业媒体声望指数

Mindshare 品牌影响力份额

Miscellaneous 杂费

Monthly Report月报

Multifunctional Task Force多职能任务小组

National Standards of the PR Professional Qualification国家公共关系职业资格标准

NC（North China）华北

NE（Northeast China）东北

Negative Report负面报道

New Product Launch新产品发布

News Clipping新闻剪报

News Release新闻发布

Newsletter通讯

No-profit PR 非营利机构公关

Norms of Excellent PR Management 卓越公共关系管理标准

NW（Northwest China）西北

Objective Diagnosis目标诊断

Offering 服务内容

On Site现场

Online Advertisement 线上广告

Online Communications线上传播

Online Marketing Communications 线上营销传播

Online media网络媒体

Online Roadshow 网上路演

Online Survey网上调查

OOP（Out-of-Pocket）杂费、日常工作发生的成本

Open-day Visits开放日参观

Opinion Leader舆论领袖

OUTCOMES Evaluation Tools输出级评估工具

OUTPUTS Evaluation Tools效果级评估工具

Outsourcing 外包

OV（One Voice）一个声音

Photo Library图片库

Planning Phase 策划阶段

Polish文案润色 POP(Point Of Purchase Advertising)导购点广告

Positioning定位

Post Event 善后工作

Poster 海报

Postmortem 会后书面的简短总结报告

Postscript后记

PR Agency公关公司

PR Consulting Market公关顾问服务市场

PR Consulting Practice公关顾问实务

PR Consulting Service公关顾问服务

PR Consulting Tools公关顾问工具

PR Directorr 公共关系总监

PR Evaluation公关评估

PR Event 公关活动

PR Guideline公关方针

PR Management Working Code公关管理工作准则

PR Manager 公共关系经理

PR Procedure公关流程

PR Proposal公关建议书

PR Supervisor 公共关系主管

Pre Event前期工作

Pre-evaluation 预评估

Preface前言

Presentation 演示、陈述

President 总裁

Press Conference新闻发布会

Press Kit媒体新闻夹

Press Release新闻稿

Print Media平面媒体

Priority 优先的

Procurement Management预警管理

Product Test产品评测

Profession Responsibility 职业义务

Professional Association 专业协会

Professional Certification 职业认证

Professional Consultant 专业顾问

Professional fee专业服务费

Professional Grading专业等级

Project Life Cycle项目生命周期

Project Management项目管理

Project Owner项目委托人

Project Title项目标题

Project公关项目

Proposal公关建议书 PRSA（Public Relations Society of America）美国公共关系协会

Pubic Opinion公众舆论

Public Affairs公共事务

Public Relations Consulting公关顾问

Public Relations Crisis公关危机

Public Relations Management公关管理

Public Relations公共关系

Public Utility公用事业

Publicity宣传

Q&A问题问答

Qualified Project Manager合格的项目经理

Quality Control质量控制

Quality Management质量管理

Questionnaire调查问卷

Quotation报价

Real Estate房地产

Recommendatory 推荐信

Recruitment招募

Reference参考资料

Rehearsal预演、彩排

Report报告

Reputation Management 声誉管理

Research Tools研究工具

Reseller 经销商

Retainer长期客户

Review回顾、总结

Risk Management风险管理

Roadshow巡展、路演

Rude question 不友好的问题

SAE（Senior Account Executive）高级客户代表、高级客户主任

SAM（Senior Account Manager）高级客户经理

SB（Small business）小客户

SC（South China）华南

Scope Management范畴管理

Seminar研讨会

Senior Consultant高级顾问

Senior Media Executive高级媒介代表

Senior Media Manager高级媒介经理

Senior Vice President 高级副总裁

Shareholders利益关系人

Simultaneous interpretation同声传译

Slide 幻灯片

Slogan口号

Social Activities社会活动 Social Responsibility社会责任

Source Materials客户提供的辅助资料

Souvenirs & Gifts 纪念品和礼品

SOV（Share of Voice）

Speaking with One Voice 用一个声音说话

Spokes Person Tips发言人技巧

Spokesperson发言人

Sponsorship Planning赞助策划

Sponsorship 赞助

Strategic Consulting战略咨询

Strategy Communications Systems战略传播系统

Strategy 战略

Success Story成功故事

Summary 简介、概述

Supplier 供应商

Survey调查

SW（Southwest China）西南

SWOT analysis优势、劣势、机遇、威胁分析

Synopsis概要总结

Target Audience 目标受众

Task Marketing任务营销

TBD（To be Detail）需更详细信息

Team 小组、团队

Technical Article技术文章

Theme 主题

Time Management管理

Time Sheet时间管理表

Two-way Asymmetry双向非平衡模式

Two-way Communications双向传播

Two-way Symmetry双向平衡模式

Vendor 供应商

Venue 会议地点

Vertical media行业媒体

VI(Visual Identity)视觉识别

VIP Speech 讲话稿

Virtual Computer虚拟主机

Vision愿景

Voiceshare 曝光信息份额

VP（Vice President）副总裁

VSB（Very small business）特小客户、超小客户

Website Construction网站建设

Whitepaper白皮书

Workshops工作研讨

Worldwide 全球

特写feature articles 以货代款in kind

机构广告institutional advertising

前期市场企业广告market prep corporate advertising 营销公关marketing public relation 新闻简报news/press release 意见抽样opinion sampling 招贴posters

传媒炒作press agentry 传媒工具press/media kit 公共事务public affairs

公共关系户public relations

公共关系广告public relations advertising 宣传publicity 公众publics

招聘广告recruitment advertising 声望经营reputation management 撰写讲演稿speechwriting 赛场营销venue marketing

新闻通报录像video news release 执行证明书affidavit of performance 受众构成audience composition 受众占有率audience share 时间表avails

一刻平均听众数average quarter-hour audience 一刻平均收听率average quarter-hour rating 一刻平均占有率average quarter-hour share 交换辛迪加barter syndication 无线电视broadcast TV 有线电视cable TV 单位成本CPP 千人成本CPM

累积听众数cumulative persons 累积收听率cumulative rating 时段组合day-part mix

预定市场区域designated market areas 班车时间drive time

首播辛迪加first-run syndication 形象移植imagery transfer 信息式广告informercial 互相连接interconnect 广播电视网networks

网外辛迪加off-network syndication 协办participation basis 占位价格preemption rate 黄金时段prime time 节目式广告PLA

节目收率视program rating

节止编排形式programming formats 视听率调查服务公司rating services 电台指定时间run-of-station 受众总数total audience

总体受众计划total audience plan 广告网络ad networks 广告查询ad request 横幅广告banner

商业回邮件business reply mail

分类广告Web站classified ad Web site 编辑名录compiled lists

立体创意直邮creative dimensional direct mailing 数字互动媒介digital interactive media 直邮广告direct-mail advertising 内部刊物house organs 互动电视interactive TV 互联网Internet

互联网服务供应商Internet service provider 销售信函sales letters

广告礼品advertising specialty 展台booths

路牌bulletin structure

车内尾部招贴car-end posters 电影贴片广告cinema advertising 陈列媒介exhibitive media 全面登场full showing 车内广告牌inside cards

户外媒介out-of-home media 车体招贴outside posters 包装packaging 奖品premiums

标准户外广告standardized outdoor advertising 成品招贴stock posters 优惠赠券take-ones

商业展示会trade shows 交通广告transit advertising 广告英语术语——媒介策划用语

广告印象advertising impression

广告反应曲线advertising response curve 注意度attention value 受众audience

受众目标audience objectives

品牌开发指数brand development index 品种开发指数category development index 发行量circulation

成本效益cost efficiency 单位成本cost per point 千人成本cost per thousand 创意组合creative mix

分布目标distribution objectives 有效频次effective frequency 有效到达率effective reach 暴露值exposure value 频次frequency 市场markets 组合mechanics 媒介media

媒介策划media planning 媒介载体media vehicles

AE——Account Executive——客户代表，或客户执行。

Account Group——业务小组。

Appeal Point——诉求点。

Brain Storming——动脑会议。

Brand Image——品牌形象。

CF——Commercial Film——广告影片，不是电视广告脚本，Commerc ial Script是电视广告脚本。

Competitive Presentation——比稿。

Copywriter——文案（撰文人员）。

CI——Corporate Identity——企业识别。

Creative Boutique——创意工作室。

Direct Response Advertising——直效广告。

Director——指导。

指导有以下各专业职位：

Account Director（业务指导）Creative Director（创意指导）Arts Director（美术指导）

Copy Director（文案指导）Media Director（媒体指导）Planning Director（企划指导）

Finisher——完稿员。

Layout——构图。

Presentation——提案。

Public Service Advertising——公益广告。

Supervisor——总监。Account Supervisor（业务总监）

Creative Supervisor（创意总监）

Media Supervisor（媒体总监）

Planning Supervisor（企划总监）

Research Supervisor（调查总监）

Target Market——目标市场。

Traffic Control Specialist（一般简称Traffic）——制管人员。

广告讯息advertisingmessage 艺术art

艺术方向artdirection 艺术家artist

美术总监artdirector 大创意bigidea

头脑风暴法brainstorming

传播媒介communicationsmedia 概念化conceptualization 方案人员copywriter 创意纲要creativebrief 创意总监creativedirector 创意过程creativeprocess 创意金字塔creativepyramid 创意creative 创造creativity

感性诉求emotionalappeals 控险家explorer

事实型思维fact-basedthinking 信息性informational

讯息战略messagestrategy 产品概念productconcept 理性诉求rationalappeals 目标受众targetaudience 文字的verbal 样片animatic

利益式标题benefitheadlines 正文bodycopy 粗体boldface

照相制版camera-readyart 表演纲要castingbrief

命令式标题commandheadlines 末稿comprehensivelayout/comp 演示demonstration 设计design

技巧式正文devicecopy

对白/独白式正文dialog/monologcopy 旁白donut 标题headline 吸引技巧hook 图标icon

插图画家illustrators

企业形象式正文institutionalcopy 整合广告integratedcommercial 内容段落interiorparagraphs 斜体italic 歌谣式jingles 肩题kicker 布局图layout

预备段落lead-inparagraph

生活方式式技法lifestyletechniques 标志logotypes

助记手段mnemonicdevice

音乐式广告musicalcommercials 音乐标志musicallogo 叙述式正文narrativecopy

新闻/信息式标题news/informationheadlines 出镜头oncamera 拼版pasteup

摄影师photographers

图片说明式正文picture-captioncopy 方框图片式布局picture-windowlayout 招贴式格式poster-styleformat

主持人式广告presentercommercial 启发式标题provocativeheadlines 疑问式标题questionheadlines 广播人物radiopersonality 脚本script 印签seal

签名signaturecuts 生活片段sliceoflife 口号slogans

故事板storyboard

故事板草图storyboardroughs

直截了当式straightannouncement 直接推销式正文straight-sellcopy 副标题subhead 标题句taglines 证言testimonial 正文text

主题句themelines 小样thumbnail 收尾trialclose 图形部分visuals 旁白voiceover

模拟校样analogproof 动画animation 合成片answerprint 光圈aperture

音控台audioconsole 底片baseart 出血版bleeds 蓝线blueline

照相排版术camera-readyart 字计算式charactr-countmethod 电影摄影师cinematographer 截止期closingdate 色基colorkey

分色colorseparation 连续调continuoustones 控制室controlroom 组排copycast

封面纸coverpaper

青、黄、红、黑印刷CYMKprinting 数字媒介digitalmedia 数字校样digitalproof

数码视频效应装置DVEunits 导演director

特排字体displaytype 复制带dubs 拷贝dupes

电子制作electronicproduction 晒版台纸flats 一套铅字font

四色印刷four-colorprocess 网目凸版halfoneplate 网屏halftonescreen 互动电视interactiveTV 任务夹jobjacket 出格kerning 电脑亭kiosk 加空铅leading 硬性软片linefilm 线画版lineplate 实景真人liveaction 外景地location 制片场lot

指令mandatories

公共场所massaudiencevenue 母带mastertape

合成样片mixedinterlock 助记手段mnemonicdevice

多媒体演示multimediapresentation 正色投影胶片orthographicfilm 透明塑料膜overlay

个人场所personalaudiencevenue 平台使用费platformlicensing

后期制作阶段postproductionphase 开印前阶段prepressphase 预备阶段preproductionphase

印刷制作经理printproductionmanager 印刷制作过程printproductionprocess 非公开场所privateaudiencevenue 制片人producer

制作阶段productionphase 复映复播追加酬金residualfee 反差套印reverseknockout 无衬线字体sansserif 最低合同工资scale 衬线字体serif 一场session

特技specialeffects 插播广告spots 剥版stripping 叠supers

演播人员talent

自动台词提示器teleprompter 课本纸textpaper 正文字体texttype 合套trap

字系typefamilies 排印工艺typography 网页Webpage

单词计算式word-countmethod 工作样片workprint 书写纸writingpaper 社论式广告advertorial

倡导广告advocacyadvertising 伏击式营销ambushmarketing 视听材料audiovisualmaterials 公告牌bulletingboards

社会参与communityinvolvement 企业广告corporateadvertising

企业识别广告corporateidentityadvertising 广告印象advertising impression

广告反应曲线advertising response curve 注意度attention value 受众audience

受众目标audience objectives 间歇式排期blinking

品牌开发指数brand development index 集中式bursting

品种开发指数category development index 发行量circulation 创意组合creative mix

分布目标 distribution objectives 有效频次effective frequency 有效到达率effective reach 暴露值exposure value 起伏式flighting schedule 频次frequency

总印象gross impressions 组合mechanics 媒介media

媒介策划media planning 媒介载体media vehicles 讯息力度message weight

组合媒介法mixed-media approach 资金money

看见机会 opportunity to see 脉冲式pulsing schedule 视听率rating 到达率reach

每册读者数readers per copy 近期策划recency planning 路障式roadblocking 外溢媒介spillover media 增效效应synergy

电视户television households 态度 attitude

品牌兴趣 brand interest 品牌忠诚 brand loyalty

企业市场 business markets 影响中心 centers of influence

有意劝服路径 central route to persuation 认知 cognition

消费行为 consumer behavior

消费者决策过程 consumer decision

第四篇：成本会计 英文术语

成本会计 中英文术语

非正常毁损Abnormal spoilage 生产成本法Absorption costing 账户分析法Account analysis method 会计回报率Accounting rate of return 权责发生制下会计回报率Accrual accounting rate of return 作业Activity 作业基础的预算管理Activity-based budgeting 作业成本法Activity-based costing 作业管理Activity-based management 实际成本Actual cost 实际成本法Actual costing 调整分配率途径Adjusted allocation-rate approach 允许的成本Allowable cost 鉴定成本Appraisal costs 拟构成本Artificial costs 注意力导向Attention directing 自治Autonomy平均成本Average cost平均等候时间Average waiting time 反冲成本法Backflush costing平衡记分卡Balanced scorecard 批次级成本Batch-level costs 观念系统Belief systems 标杆管理Benchmarking 账面价值Book value 瓶颈Bottleneck 边界系统Boundary systems 盈亏平衡点Breakeven point 预算Budget 预算成本Budgeted cost 预算松弛Budgetary slack 预算间接成本分配率Budgeted indirect-cost rate 捆绑产品Bundled product 业务功能成本Business function costs 副产品Byproducts 资本预算Capital budgeting 储囤成本Carrying costs 现金预算Cash budget

因果图Cause-and-effect diagram 财务管理认证Certified in financial management

注册管理会计师Certified management accountant

财务总监Chief financial officer

决定系数Coefficient of determination 共谋定价Collusive pricing 共同成本Common cost

完整往复成本Complete reciprocated costs 合成单位Composite unit 商讨会法Conference method 遵循质量Conformance quality 常数Constant

固定毛利率NRV法Constant gross-margin percentage NRV method 约束条件Constraint

滚动预算Continuous budget, rolling budget 贡献收益表Contribution income statement 边际贡献Contribution margin

单位边际贡献Contribution margin per unit 边际贡献率Contribution margin percentage 边际贡献比例Contribution margin ratio 控制Control

控制图Control chart 可控性Controllability

可控成本Controllable cost 主计长Controller

加工成本Conversion costs 成本Cost

成本会计Cost accounting

成本会计标准委员会Cost accounting standards board

成本汇集Cost accumulation 成本分配Cost allocation

成本分配基础Cost-allocation base 成本分配基础Cost-application base 成本归集Cost assignment

成本－收益权衡Cost-benefit approach 成本中心Cost center 成本动因Cost driver 成本估计Cost estimation 成本函数Cost function 成本层级Cost hierarchy 成本流入Cost incurrence 成本领先Cost leadership 成本管理Cost management 成本对象Cost object 资本成本Cost of capital 产品制造成本Cost of goods manufactured 成本库Cost pool 成本预测Cost predictions 成本追溯Cost tracing 质量成本Costs of quality, quality costs 本量利分析Cost-volume-profit(CVP)analysis 累计平均时间学习模型Cumulative average-time learning model 当前成本Current cost 客户成本层级Customer cost hierarchy 客户生命周期成本Customer life-cycle costs 客户盈利分析Customer-profitability analysis 客户回应时间Customer-response time 客户服务Customer service 分权Decentralization 决策模型Decision model 决策表Decision table 经营杠杆水平Degree of operating leverage 分母水平Denominator level 生产数量差异Denominator-level variance, Output-level overhead variance, Production-volume variance 因变量Dependent variable 产品或服务设计Design of products, services, or processes 设计质量Design quality 设计锁定成本Designed-in costs, locked-in costs 诊断控制系统Diagnostic control systems 差异成本Differential cost 差异收入Differential revenue 直接分配法Direct allocation method 直接成本法Direct costing 成本对象的直接成本Direct costs of a cost object 直接生产人工成本Direct manufacturing labor costs 直接材料成本Direct material costs

直接材料存货Direct material inventory 直接材料混合差异Direct material mix variance

直接材料产量差异Direct material yield variance

直接法Direct method 折现率Discount rate

现金流量折现法Discounted cash flow(DCF)methods

酌量性成本Discretionary costs 发送Distribution 减少规模Downsizing

向下需求旋转Downward demand spiral 双重定价Dual pricing

双成本分配率法Dual-rate cost-allocation method, dual-rate method 倾销Dumping

次优化决策制定Dysfunctional decision making, Incongruent decision making, suboptimal decision making

经济订单数量Economic order quantity(EOQ)

经济增加值Economic value added 有效性Effectiveness 效率Efficiency

效率差异Efficiency variance, usage variance 努力Effort

技术成本Engineered costs 约当产量Equivalent units 事项Event

预期货币价值Expected monetary value, expected value

经验曲线Experience curve

外部失败成本External failure cost 设施支持成本Facility-sustaining costs 工厂间接费用Factory overhead costs 有利差异Favorable variance 反馈Feedback

财务主管Finance director 财务会计Financial accounting 财务预算Financial budget

财务计划模型Financial planning models 产成品存货Finished goods inventory 先进先出分步法First-in, first-out(FIFO)process-costing method 固定成本Fixed cost 固定间接费用弹性预算差异Fixed overhead flexible-budget variance 固定间接费用耗费差异Fixed overhead spending variance 弹性预算Flexible budget 弹性预算差异Flexible-budget variance 产品全部成本Full costs of the product 目标一致性Goal congruence 毛利率Gross margin percentage 增长构成Growth component 高低法High-low method 同质的成本库Homogenous cost pool 基本报酬率Hurdle rate 混合成本核算系统Hybrid costing system 空置时间Idle time 假设成本Imputed costs 增量成本Incremental cost 增量成本分配法Incremental cost-allocation method 增量收入Incremental revenue 增量收入分配法Incremental revenue-allocation method 增量单位时间学习模型Incremental unit-time learning model 自变量Independent variable 成本对象的间接成本Indirect costs of a cost object 间接成本分配率Indirect-cost rate 间接制造成本Indirect manufacturing costs 工业工程法Industrial engineering method, Work-measurement method 通货膨胀Inflation 价格差异Input-price variance, price variance, rate variance 内制Insourcing 检验点Inspection point 管理会计师协会Institute of Management Accountants 交互式控制系统Interactive control systems 截距项Intercept 中间产品Intermediate product 内部失败成本Internal failure costs

内含报酬率法Internal rate-of-return(IRR)method

产品存货成本Inventoriable costs 存货管理Inventory management 投资Investment

投资中心Investment center 批次Job

分批成本记录Job-cost record, job-cost sheet 分批法Job-costing system 联合成本Joint costs 联产品Joint products

即时制生产Just-in-time(JIT)production, lean production

即时制采购Just-in-time(JIT)purchasing 改进法预算Kaizen budgeting 人工时间记录Labor-time record 学习曲线Learning curve

生命周期预算Life-cycle budgeting 生命周期成本法Life-cycle costing 业务管理Line management

线形成本函数Linear cost function 线性规划Linear programming 主产品Main product

自产/外购决策Make-or-buy decisions 管理会计Management accounting 例外管理Management by exception

管理控制系统Management control system 制造单元Manufacturing cells

生产周期时间Manufacturing cycle time, Manufacturing lead time

分配的制造费用Manufacturing overhead allocated, Manufacturing overhead applied 制造类企业Manufacturing-sector companies 安全边际Margin of safety

市场营销Marketing

市场分额差异Market-share variance 市场规模差异Market-size variance 全面预算Master budget

全面预算生产能力利用Master-budget capacity utilization

材料需求规划Materials requirements planning

用料单Materials-requisition record

商业类企业Merchandising-sector companies 混合成本Mixed cost, semivariable cost 道德风险Moral hazard 动机Motivation 多重共线性Multicollinearity 多变量回归Multiple regression 净利润Net income 净现值法Net present value(NPV)method 净可实现值法Net realizable value(NPV)method 名义回报率Nominal rate of return 非线性成本函数Nonlinear cost function 非价值增加成本Nonvalue-added cost 正常生产能力利用Normal capacity utilization 正常成本法Normal costing 正常毁损Normal spoilage 目标函数Objective function 准时表现On-time performance 一次性特殊订单One-time-only special order 经营预算Operating budget 营业部门Operating department 营业利润Operating income 经营杠杆Operating leverage 经营Operation 经营成本核算系统Operation-costing system 机会成本Opportunity cost 资本机会成本Opportunity cost of capital 采购订单成本Ordering costs 组织架构Organization structure 结果Outcomes 产出单位成本Output unit-level costs 外部采购Outsourcing 分配过多的间接成本Overabsorbed indirect costs, Overapplied indirect costs, overallocated indirect costs 加班奖金Overtime premium 帕累托图Pareto Diagram 局部生产力Partial productivity 回收期法Payback method 最大负荷定价Peak-load pricing 完全竞争市场Perfectly competitive market 期间成本Period costs 实物计量法Physical measure method 计划Planning

现实的生产能力Practical capacity 掠夺性定价Predatory pricing 预防成本Prevention costs

转入成本Previous department costs, transferred-in costs

价格折扣Price discount

区别定价Price discrimination

价格恢复构成Price-recovery component 主要成本Prime costs 预测报表Pro forma statements 概率Probability

概率分布Probability distribution

问题解决Problem solving

分步成本核算系统Process-costing system 产品Product

产品成本Product cost 产品成本互补Product-cost cross-subsidization

产品差异化Product differentiation 产品生命周期Product life cycle 产品组合决策Product mix decisions 成本高计的产品Product overcosting 产品支持成本Product-sustaining costs 成本少计的产品Product undercosting 生产Production

生产部门Production department

生产量水平Production-denominator level 生产力Productivity

生产力构成Productivity component 利润中心Profit center

按比例分配Proration

采购订单提前量Purchasing-order lead time 采购成本Purchasing costs PV图PV graph

定性因素Qualitative factors 质量Quality

定量因素Quantitative factors

真实回报率Real rate of return

交互分配法Reciprocal allocation method, reciprocal method

业务流程再造Reengineering

精练化成本系统Refined costing system 回归分析Regression analysis 相关成本Relevant costs 相关范围Relevant range 相关收入Relevant revenues 再订购点Reorder point 要求的回报率Required rate of return 研发Research and development 剩余收益Residual income 剩余项Residual term 责任会计Responsibility accounting 责任中心Responsibility center 投资报酬率Return on investment 收入分配Revenue allocation 收入中心Revenue center 收入动因Revenue driver 收入对象Revenue object 收入Revenues 返工Rework 合适规模Rightsizing 安全库存Safety stock 销售组合Sales mix 销售组合差异Sales mix variance 销售数量差异Sales-quantity variance 分离点销售价值法Sales value at splitoff method 销售数额差异Sales-volume variance 业务记录Scorekeeping 废料Scrap 销售价格差异Selling-price variance 敏感性分析Sensitivity analysis 可分离成本Separable costs 阶梯法Sequential allocation method, step-down allocation method, step-down method 顺序追溯Sequential tracing 服务部门Service department, supporting department 服务类企业Service-sector companies 服务支持成本Service-sustaining costs 单变量回归Simple regression 单一成本分配率法single-rate cost-allocation method, single-rate method 斜率系数Slope coefficient 原始凭证Source document 设定分析Specification analysis 分离点Splitoff point

毁损Spoilage

人事管理Staff management

单一个体成本分配法Stand-alone cost-allocation method

单一个体收入分配法Stand-alone revenue-allocation method 标准Standard

标准成本Standard cost

标准成本法Standard costing 估计系数标准差Standard error of the estimation coefficient 标准投入Standard input 标准价格Standard price 静态预算Static budget

静态预算差异Static budget variance 阶梯式成本函数Step cost function 脱销成本Stockout costs

战略成本管理Strategic cost management 战略Strategy

沉没成本Sunk costs

超级变动成本法Super-variable costing, throughput costing 供应链Supply chain

单位目标成本Target cost per unit

单位目标营业利润Target operating income per unit

目标价格Target price

目标投资回报率Target rate of return on investment

理论生产能力Theoretical capacity 约束理论Theory of constraints 物料贡献Throughput contribution 时间动因Time driver

货币时间价值Time value of money 全要素生产力Total factor productivity(TFP)全部间接费用差异Total-overhead variance 转移价格Transfer price 触发点Trigger point 不确定性Uncertainty

分配不足的间接成本underabsorbed indirect costs, underapplied indirect costs, underallocated indirect costs 不利差异Unfavorable variance 单位成本Unit cost 未用生产能力Unused capacity 价值增加成本Value-added cost 价值链Value chain 价值工程Value engineering 变动成本Variable cost 变动成本法Variable costing 变动间接费用效率差异Variable overhead efficiency variance 变动间接费用弹性预算差异Variable overhead flexible-budget variance 变动间接费用耗费差异Variable overhead spending variance 差异Variance 加权平均的分步法Weighted-average process-costing method 在产品存货Work-in-process inventory

在产品Work-in-process

第五篇：口腔科常用英文术语

口腔科常用英文术语

1.My tooth is aching again.（我的牙又疼了。）

2.One of my teeth is trouble me.(我有一颗牙疼。)

3.I have got anawful toothach.It kept me awake the whole night.（我的牙很疼，整晚未眠）

4.One of my incisors is loose and aching.（我的一颗门牙松动而且疼。）

5.This tooth on the lower jaw is sensitive to heat and hot.（下颌的这颗牙对冷热很敏感。）

6.I think one of the back ones at the top is giving most of trouble.（我觉得上排有一个后牙疼的最厉害。）

7.I suffer pain when my teeth are exposed to heat.（我的牙碰到热时感到疼痛。）

8.There are several painful spots in my mouth，and salty and sour things make it sting.（我嘴里有几块地方疼，咸的和酸的都蜇着疼。）

9.I have a burning and thickening sensation in my mouth.（我嘴里有灼热和增厚的感觉。）

10.He has pain in his teeth or jaw.(他的牙齿和下巴疼痛。)

11.He has some problems with his teeth.(他牙齿有问题。)

12.The tooth hurts only when he bites down on it.(他咬东西时，牙齿就痛。)

13.His gums are red and swollen.(他的牙床红肿。)

14.His tongue is red and sore all over.(他的舌头到处红和痛。)

15.His breath smells bad and he has a foul taste in his mouth.(他口里有怪味。)

16.His gums do bleed.(他牙床有出血。)

17.He has some sore swellings on his gum or jaw.(他的牙床和下巴肿痛。)

18.He has sore places on or around the lip.(他的嘴唇和周围都很痛。)

19.There are cracks at the corners of his mouth.(他的嘴巴角落破了。)

20.There are some discolored areas inside on his tongue.(他舌头里边有些地方颜色怪怪的。)

1.What can I do for you？你有什么事？

2．May I help you？我能帮你什么忙？

3．Please take a seat！/please sit down！请坐下．

4．Wait a moment，please．请等一等．

5．Sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起让你久等了．

6．It is not serious．病情不严重．

7．Don't worry．/There is nothing to worry about.不必顾虑。

8．You need a thorough examination．你需要做一个全面检查．

9．You will have to stay in hospital for sevral days．你需要在医院里住几夭． /We think that you had better be hospitalized我们认为你最好住进医院来。

10． You should stay in bed for a few days.你需要卧床几天．

11． You can keep on working．/You can carry on with your work.可以继续工作。

12． You should be very careful for a week or two这一两周内，你需要很注意。

13.Try to relax and keep calm．尽量放松保持镇静。

14． You'll soon be all right．你很快就会好起来的．

15． 1'm sure this medicine will help you a great deal．这药对你肯定会很有效的．

16． Feeling well again is a rather slow process，I'm afraid.恐怕痊愈将是一个很慢的过程．

17． You will have to wait for twenty minutes．你需要等20分钟．

18．Complete recovery will take a rather long time．彻底恢复需要一段很长的时间。

19． You will have to come here for periodical check-ups．你需要定期来门诊检查．

20． If you feel worse，please come back to the clinic right away.要是你觉着病加重了，就请马上来门诊。

How are you,sir?

2、Are you all right,madam?

3、How are you feeling now,madam? What seems to be your problem,sir? What seems to be wrong/the matter with you? Is there anything wrong with you? What's happened to you?

What's up? What are you suffering from? Are you having any discomfort?

What seems to be your trouble?/What's troubling you? What hurt you?

What ails you? How are you keeping?

1病人在右下颌的大臼齿，有一放射透过性的病变。

The patient has a radiolucent lesion below the molar teeth in the right mandible.2他因口底下左下颌处疼痛和肿胀有72小时而受检。

He was examined with a 72-hour complaint of pain and swelling under the left jaw in the floor of the mouth

3右侧颊部粘膜下，有带痛的肿胀。There is a tender swelling beneath the right buccal mucosa.4在右下齿龈上 on the right lower gingiva

5在下颌右角处 at the right angle of the mandible

6不能开口 inability to open the mouth

7把口张开到最大限度并无困难 have no difficulty in opening one＇s mouth to its full extent

8口内大干，以致病人咀嚼和吞下食物，都有困难。

The mouth is so dry that it is difficulty for the patient to masticate and swallow food.9在上腭有一个无痛性的肿胀。There is a painless swelling in the roof of the mouth.10在上星期肿块大了起来 mass was growing larger during last week

-肿块大小未变 the sizes remained stationary

11拔牙后，他流了10天的血。He bled for 10 days following the extraction of a tooth-12牙痛频发 continual bouts of toothache

13-一阵阵剧烈的牙痛 the pangs of a toothache

14咀嚼时，有偶发的、暂时的、不可言状的疼痛或敏感。

There is occasional, transient, nondescrpit pain, or sensibility during mastication.15该齿对于压迫作痛，且有钝麻如咬的疼痛。

The tooth became sroe to pressure and there is a dull gnawing pain

16疼痛未停止 the pain did no ease 17疼痛减轻了 the pain became lighter

口唇 Lips: 对称 symmetry, 颜色color, 湿润度moisture, 紫绀 cyanosis, 疱疹 herpes.粘膜 Mucosa: 颜色 color, 色素沉着 pigmentation, 溃疡 ulceration.齿龈 Gums: 齿龈脓漏pyorrhea, 出血 bleeding, 齿龈炎gingivitis, 齿龈肿胀swelling of gums.舌 Tongue: 颜色 color, 乳头萎缩 papillary atrophy, 溃疡ulceration, 扁斜deviation, 运动 movement, 舌苔coating.牙齿 Teeth:无齿的 edentulous, 牙齿数目 number present, 口腔卫生欠佳或良好 hygiene poor or good, 牙根 roots, 齿髓炎pulpitis, 假牙false teeth, 龋齿 caries, 失去的牙齿missing teeth, 修补牙齿 dental repair(牙冠crowns, 装桥术bridgework, 镶嵌inlay, 充填filling)口臭 Halitosis(fetor oris;foul or bad breath)