第一篇：盖特纳演讲全文
盖特纳演讲全文：
中国处在令人羡慕的强势地位
[2009-06-02]
中国作为一个发展中国家尽管有你们自己的明显挑战，但你们处在一个令人羡慕的强势地位。而在世界大多数经济体中，经济衰退仍然严峻而危险
美国财政部长盖特纳于6月1日上午在北京大学发发表演讲，以下是其演讲稿翻译全文：
我很高兴今天能再次来到中国，并在这个伟大的学校与你们见面。
我第一次来到中国和北京大学是在1981年的夏天，那时，我还是一名学习普通话的大学生。我与一些来自美国的研究生和本科生在这里。次年夏天，我又回到了北京师范大学。
我们学习相当努力，并有幸与许多优秀教授一起工作，他们中的一些人今天也在这里。我们走遍这座城市并在中国的华东地区旅行，我们不仅有机会了解你们的历史和你们的抱负，还开始通过你们的眼睛看美国。
几十年来，我们看到历史上最不寻常的经济转型的开始。中国正在蓬勃发展。经济改革带来了收入的极快和持续提高。中国作为一个重要经济力量的崛起和更充分地融入世界经济，给美国和世界其他经济体带来了实实在在的好处。
由于意识到积极、全面的合作关系符合我们的共同利益，胡锦涛主席和奥巴马总统在4月同意建立战略和经济对话机制。克林顿国务卿和我将于下个月在华盛顿主持我们与王（岐山）副总理和戴（秉国）国务委员的第一次会议。今天和明天，我将荣幸地出席在北京的一系列会见，为这次经济讨论作准备。
这些会见将使我们有机会讨论经济领域的风险和挑战，审视我们在为更加平衡和可持续的经济复苏奠定基础的过程中，所共同面临的长期挑战，并探讨我们共同关心的国际金融改革。
世界经济正在经历多年来最具挑战性的经济和财政压力。
国际货币基金组织预测，今年世界经济将出现60多年来的首次萎缩。世界贸易的衰退很可能是自第二次世界大战结束以来最严重的。与正常年份世界经济的潜在增长率相比，产出损失可达到3至4万亿美元。
面对这一挑战，中国和美国共同努力，帮助形成一个强有力的全球战略，遏制危机，为经济复苏奠定基础。这些努力，以及中国、美国和其他主要经济体所采取的强有力政策行动的综合效应，已帮助减缓增长的恶化速度，修复金融系统和提升信心。
事实上，当前危机与以往的区别，不仅在于其全球规模及严重程度，还在于全球反应的范围和速度。
在4月份的20国集团领导人伦敦会议上，我们商定了一个前所未有的协调的政策行动计划，以支持经济增长，稳定和修复金融体系，恢复对贸易和投资至关重要的信贷流动，通过国际金融机构来为新兴市场经济体调动财政资源，并保持贸易和投资市场的开放。
这项针对经济复苏战略的历史性协定之所以达成，部分取决于中国和美国已经出台的政策行动。
在危机加剧时，中国迅速出台了强有力的增强国内需求的投资和金融措施计划。
在美国，新政府上任的第一周，我们就建立了一个全面的税收优惠和投资计划──第二次世界大战以来和平时期最大的恢复努力，以帮助遏制私人需求的急剧下降。除了这些财政措施，我们还采取行动减轻房地产市场的危机。我们出台了一系列举措，使更多的资金进入银行系统，并重新启动信贷市场。
这些举措在世界各国采取类似举措之后得到了加强。
与30年代的全球危机以及战后各个主要经济危机相比，世界各国领导人这次采取了联合行动。他们行动相对迅速。他们采取措施向最脆弱的经济体提供援助，尽管他们自身的国家也面临着特殊的金融需求。他们致力于继续开放市场，而不是退回到自我击败的歧视和保护措施中去。
他们承诺确保这一动议计划维持到复苏基础的牢固确立，而国际货币基金组织将密切监测此承诺，这样我们将能够在20国集团领导人今年秋天在美国再次会晤时一起来评估。
我们开始看到一些改善的初步迹象。全球经济衰退似乎失去力量。在美国，经济活动下跌步伐已经放缓。家庭支出减少，但消费者信心有所改善，消费已开始恢复。房屋价格的下降正在放缓，未售出房屋的库存已经大幅下降。商品和服务的订单有所提升。劳动力市场的恶化速度已经放缓，新申请失业保险的人数已开始有所下降。
金融体系已开始恢复。我们对美国主要银行的资本评估报告中所提供的澄清和披露信息，帮助提振信心，使需要资本的银行可以向私人投资者融资，借款时无需担保。证券市场，包括去年年底已基本停止运转的资产抵押证券市场已经开始恢复。企业和家庭的信贷成本已大幅度。
这些都是重要的稳定迹象，对我们将成功避免金融崩溃和全球性通货紧缩的保证，但它们只是为经济复苏奠定基础的第一步。修复和调整的过程还需时日。
中国作为一个发展中国家尽管有你们自己的明显挑战，但你们处在一个令人羡慕的强势地位。而在世界大多数经济体中，经济衰退仍然严峻而危险。美国与许多国家一样，企业和家庭正在经历几十年来最具挑战性的经济和财政压力。
金融系统的损害程度导致了重大的风险，以至信贷供应将会在一段时间内受到限制。许多主要经济体对银行的限制将使他们很难完全补偿基本的证券化市场机制所遭受的损害，包括对信贷评级丧失信心。在经历了漫长的时期金融机构承担太多风险后，我们仍然面临的可能是，即使根本经济条件开始改善，银行和投资者可能只愿承担太少风险。
经过长期的相对国内生产总值的储蓄下降和家庭借贷大幅度增长，美国的消费者支出，相对于经济复苏时期来说，将在一段时间内受到限制。
这些都是必要的调整。他们将需要更长的、较慢的复苏过程，在各国以一种不同以往的未来增长模式。
在我们继续处理当前金融和经济危机的同时，我们还要在恢复一旦确定时，重视为未来全球经济的持续增长和更加均衡奠定基础。
成功地过渡到一个更加平衡和稳定的全球经济，将需要对世界各地的经济政策和金融监管进行非常重大的变革。但是，这些变革中的一些最重要的部分将不得不在美国和中国进行。我们在华盛顿和北京的成功程度，将对世界其他地区的经济命运至关重要。美国政策的成效将部分取决于中国的，反之亦然。
虽然美国和中国从不同的位置开始，我们的许多国内改革的挑战是相似的。我们正在努力改革我们的卫生保健系统，提高教育质量，重建我们的基础设施，并提高能源效率。我们认为这些改革对提高我们经济的生产能力是必不可少的。这些挑战也是你们改革的重中之重。
我们双方都在对我们的金融体系进行改革。在美国，我们的挑战是创建一个更稳定、更具弹性的金融系统，为消费者和投资者提供更强有力的保护。当我们努力加强和重新设计规范以实现这些目标时，我们面临的挑战是维护我们金融体系的核心优势，也就是在适应、创新以及使资本流向新技术和创新公司方面的特殊能力。你们可以从学习我们的被当前的危机证明具有如此破坏性的缺陷和我们的优势中获益。
我们共同的挑战是要认识到一个更加均衡的、可持续的全球复苏将要求我们两个经济体经济增长构成的变化。因此，我们的政策必须针对非常不同的结果
第二篇：美国财政部长盖特纳北京大学演讲中英文
The United States and China, Cooperating for Recovery and Growth
The United States and China, Cooperating for Recovery and GrowthTreasury Secretary Timothy F.Geithner
Speech at Peking Universityto help arrest the sharp fall in private demand.Alongside these fiscal measures, we acted to ease the housing crisis.And we have put in place a series of initiatives to bring more capital into the banking system and to restart the credit markets.These actions have been reinforced by similar actions in countries around the world.In contrast to the global crisis of the 1930s and to the major economic crises of the postwar period, the leaders of the world acted together.They acted quickly.They took steps to provide assistance to the most vulnerable economies, even as they faced exceptional financial needs at home.They worked to keep their markets open, rather than r etreating into self-defeating measures of discrimination and protect ion.And they have committed to make sure this program of initiatives is sustained until the foundation for recovery is firmly established, a commitment the IMF will monitor closely, and that we will be able to uate together when the G-20 Leaders meet again in the United States this fall.We are starting to see some initial signs of improvement.The global recession seems to be losing force.In the United States, the pace of decline in economic activity has slowed.Households are saving more, but consumer confidence has improved, and spending is starting to recover.House prices are falling at a slower pace and the inventory of unsold homes has come down significantly.Orders for goods and services are somewhat stronger.The pace of deterioration in the labor market has slowed, and new claims for unemployment insurance have started to come down a bit.&nb sp;
The financial system is starting to heal.The clarity and disclosure provided by our capital assessment of major U.S.banks has helped improve market confidence in them, making it possible for banks that needed capital to raise it from private investors and to borrow without guarantees.The securities markets, including the asset backed securities markets that essentially stopped functioning late last year, have started to come back.The cost of credit has fallen substantially for businesses and for families as spreads and risk premia have narrowed.These are important signs of stability, and assurance that we will succeed in averting financial collapse and global deflation, but they represent only the first steps in laying the foundation for recovery.The process of repair and adjustment is going to take time.;
China, despite your own manifest challenges a s a developing country, you are in an enviably strong position.But in most economies, the recession is still powerful and dangerous.Business and households in the United States, as in many countries, are still experiencing the most challenging economic and financial pressures in decades.The plant closures, and company restructurings that the recession is causing are painful, and this process is not yet over.The fallout from these events has been brutally indiscriminant, affecting those with little or no responsibility for the events that now buffet them, as well as on some who played key roles in bringing about our troubles.The extent of the damage to financial systems entails significant risk that the supply of credit will be constrained for some time.The constraints on banks in many major economies will make it hard for them to compensate fully for the damage done to the basic machi nery of the securitization markets, including the loss of confidence in credit ratings.After a long period where financial institutions took on too much risk, we still face the possibility that banks and investors may take too little risk, even as the underlying economic conditions start to improve.And, after a long period of falling saving and substantial growth in household borrowing relative to GDP, consumer spending in the United States will be restrained for some time relative to what is typically the case in recoveries.These are necessary adjustments.They will entail a longer, slower process of recovery, with a very different pattern of future growth across countries than we have seen in the past several recoveries.Laying the Foundation for Future Growth
As we address this immediate financial and economic crisis, it is important that we also lay the foundations for more balanced, sustained growth of the global economy once this recovery is firmly established.A successful transition to a more balanced and stable global economy will require very substantial changes to economic policy and financial regulation around the world.But some of the most important of those changes will have to come in the United States and China.How successful we are in Washington and Beijing will be critically important to the economic fortunes of the rest of the world.The effectiveness of U.S.policies will depend in part on Chinas, and the effectiveness of yours on ours.Although the United States and China start from very different positions, many of our domestic challenges are similar.In the United States, we are working to reform our health care system, to improve the quality of education, to rebuild our infrastructure, and to improve energy efficiency.These reforms are essential to boosting the productive capacity of our economy.These challenges are at the center of your reform priorities, too.We are both working to reform our financial systems.In the United States, our challenge is to create a more stable and more resilient financial system, with stronger protections for consumer and investors.As we work to strengthen and redesign regulation to achieve these objectives, our challenge is to preserve the core strengths of our financial system, which are its exceptional capacity to adapt and innovate and to channel capital for investment in new technologies and innovative companies.You have the benefit of being able to learn from our shortcomings, which have proved so damaging in the present crisis, as well as f rom our strengths.Our common chall enge is to recognize that a more balanced and sustainable global recovery will require changes in the composition of growth in our two economies.Because of this, our policies have to be directed at very different outcomes.In the United States, saving rates will have to increase, and the purchases of U.S.consumers cannot be as dominant a driver of growth as they have been in the past.In China, as your leadership has recognized, growth that is sustainable growth will require a very substantial shift from external to domestic demand, from an investment and export intensive driven growth, to growth led by consumption.Strengthening domestic demand will also strengthen Chinas ability to weather fluctuations in global supply and demand.If we are successful on these respective paths, public and private saving in the United States will increase as recovery strengthens, and as this happens, our current account deficit will come down.And in China, domestic demand will rise at a faster rate than overall GDP, led by a gradual shift to higher rates of consumption.Globally, recovery will have come more from a shift by high saving economies to stronger domestic demand and less from the American consumer.The policy framework for a successful transition to this outcome is starting to take shape.In the United States, we are putting in place the foundations for restoring fiscal sustainability.The President in his initial budget to Congress made it clear that, as soon as recovery is firmly established, we are going to have to bring our fiscal deficit down to a level that is sustainable over the medium term.This will mean bringing the imbalance between our fiscal resources and expenditures down to the pointthe United States is committed to a strong and stable international financial system.The Obama Administration fully recognizes that the United States has a special responsibility to play in this regard, and we fully appreciate that exercising this special responsibility begins at home.As we recover from this unprecedented crisis, we will cut our fiscal deficit, we will eliminate the extraordinary governmental support that we have put in place to overcome the crisis, we will continue to preserve the openness of our economy, and we will resolutely maintain the policy framework necessary for durable and lasting sustained non-inflationary growth.In China, the challenge is fundamentally different, and at least as complex.Critical to the success of your efforts to shift future growth to domestic demand are measures to raise household incomes and to reduce the need that households feel to save large amounts for precautionary reasons or to pay for major expenditures like education.This involves strengthening the social safety net with health care reform and more complete public retirement systems, enacting financial reforms to help expand access to credit for households, and providing products that allow households to insure against risk.These efforts can be funded through the increased collection of dividends from state-owned enterprises.The structure of the Chinese economy will shift as domestic demand grows in importance, with a larger service sector, more emphasis on light industry, and less emphasis on heavy, capital intensive export and import-competing industries.The resulting growth will generate greater employment, and be less energy-intensive than the current structure of Chinese industry.Allowing the market, interest rates, and other prices to function to encourage the shift in production will be particularly important.An important part of this strategy is the governments commitment to continue progress toward a more flexible exchange rate regime.Greater exchange rate flexibility will help reinforce the shift in the composition of growth, encourage resource shifts to support domestic demand, and provide greater ability for monetary policy to achieve sustained growth with low inflation in the future.International Financial Reform
These are some of the most important domestic economic challenge we face, and these issues will be at the core of our agenda for economic cooperation.But I think it is important to underscore that we also have a very strong interest in working together to strengthen the framework for international economic and financial cooperation.Let me highlight three important areas.At the G-20 Leaders meeting, we committed to a series of actions to help reform and strengthen the international financial architecture.As part of this, we agreed to put in place a stronger framework of standards for supervision a nd regulation of the financial system.We expanded and strengthened the Financial Stability Forum, now renamed the Financial Stability Board.China and other major emerging economies are now full participants alongside the major financial centers, in this critical institution for cooperation.We will have the chance together to help redesign global standards for capital requirements, stronger oversight of global markets like derivatives, better tools for resolving future financial crises, and measures to reduce the opportunities for regulatory arbitrage.We also committed to an ambitious program of reform of the IMF and other international financial institutions.Our common objective is to reform the governance of these institutions to make them more representative of the shifting balance of economic and financial activity in the world, to strengthen their capacity to prevent future crisis, with stronger surveillance of macroeconomic, exchange rate, and financial policies, and to equip them with a stronger financial capacity to respond to future crises.We also committed to mobilize $500 billion in additional finance through the enlargement and membership expansion of the IMFs New Arrangements to Borrow in order to provide an insurance policy for the global financial system.As part of this process of reform, the United States will fully support having China play a role in the principal cooperative arrangements that help shape the international system, a role that is commensurate with Chinas importance in the global economy.I believe that a greater role for China is necessary for China, for the effectiveness of the international financial institutions themselves, and for the world economy.China is already too important to the global economy not to hav e a full seat at the international table, helping to define the policies that are critical to the effective functioning of the international financial system.Second, we must cooperate to assure that the global trade and investment environment remains open, and that opportunities continue to expand.As economies have become more open and more closely integrated, global economic growth has been stronger and more broad-based, bringing increasing numbers out of poverty, and turning developing nations into major emerging markets.The global commitment to trade liberalization and increasingly open investment played a critical role in this process ¨C in the industrialized world, in East Asia, and, since 1978, in China.As we go through the severe stresses of this crisis, we must not turn our backs on open trade and investment-for ourselves and for those who have yet to experience the fruits of growth and development.The United States, China, and the other members of the G20 have committed to not resort to protectionist measures by raising trade and investment barriers and to work toward a successful conclusion to the Doha Development Round.And third, one of the most critical long-term challenges that we both face is climate change.Individually and collectively, there is an urgent need to ensure that each and every country takes meaningful action to deal with this threat.Reducing land and forest degradation, conserving energy, and using clean technology are important objectives that complement both our efforts to achieve a new, sustainable pattern of growth and our goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.China and the United States already are working closely through the Strategic and Economic Dialogue in areas such as clean transportation, clean and efficient production of electricity, and the reduction of air and water pollution.We must continue these efforts for the sake of our natio ns and the planet.Conclusion In the last few years the frequency, intensity, and importance of U.S.-China economic engagements have multiplied.The U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue that President Obama and President Hu initiated in April is the next stage in that process.I look forward to welcoming Vice Premier Wang, State Councilor Dai and their colleagues to Washington to participate in the first meeting of the U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue.Our engagement should be conducted with mutual respect for the traditions, values, and interests of China and the United States.We will make a joint effort in a concerted way 同心协力.We should understand that we each have a very strong stake in the health and the succes s of each others economy.China and the United States individually, and together, are so important in the global economy and financial system that what we do has a direct impact on the stability and strength of the international economic system.Other nations have a legitimate interest in our policies and the ways in which we work together, and we each have an obligation to ensure that our policies and actions promote the health and stability of the global economy and financial system.We come together because we have shared interests and responsibilities.We also have our own national interests.I will be a strong advocate for U.S.interests, just as I expect my counterparts to represent China¡¯s.China has benefited hugely from open trade and investment, and the ability to greatly increase its exports to the rest of the world.In turn, we expect incre ased opportunities to export to and invest in the Chinese economy.We want China to succeed and prosper.Chinese growth and expanding Chinese demand is a tremendous opportunity for U.S.firms and workers, just as it is in China and the rest of the world.Global problems will not be solved without U.S.-China cooperation.That goes for the entire range of issues that face our world from economic recovery and financial repair to climate change and energy policy.I look forward to working with you cooperatively, and in a spirit of mutual respect.美国财政部长盖特纳于6月1日在北京大学发表了演讲，谈到了美中合作对全球经济复苏和增长的重要性。以下是其演讲稿的中文翻译。以英文原文为准，中文翻译仅供参考。
《美中两国为复苏和增长的合作》
我很高兴今天能再次来到中国，并在这个伟大的学校与你们见面。
我第一次来到中国和北京大学是在1981年的夏天，那时，我还是一名学习普通话的大学生。我与一些来自美国的研究生和本科生在这里。次年夏天，我又回到了北京师范大学。
我们学习相当努力，并有幸与许多优秀教授一起工作，他们中的一些人今天也在这里。我们走遍这座城市并在中国的华东地区旅行，我们不仅有机会了解你们的历史和你们的抱负，还开始通过你们的眼睛看美国。
几十年来，我们看到历史上最不寻常的经济转型的开始。中国正在蓬勃发展。经济改革带来了收入的极快和持续提高。中国作为一个重要经济力量的崛起和更充分地融入世界经济，给美国和世界其他经济体带来了实实在在的好处。
由于认识到积极、合作和全面的关系符合我们的共同利益，胡锦涛主席(图库 论坛)和奥巴马总统在4月同意建立战略和经济对话机制。克林顿国务卿和我将于下个月在华盛顿主持我们与王岐山副总理和戴秉国国务委员的第一次会议。今天和明天，我将荣幸地出席在北京的一系列会见，为这次经济讨论作准备。
这些会见将使我们有机会讨论经济领域的风险和挑战，审视我们在为更加平衡和可持续的经济复苏奠定基础的过程中，所共同面临的长期挑战，并探讨我们共同关心的国际金融改革。
目前的挑战和风险
世界经济正在经历多年来最具挑战性的经济和财政压力。
国际货币基金组织预测，今年世界经济将出现60多年来的首次萎缩。世界贸易的衰退很可能是自第二次世界大战结束以来最严重的。与正常年份世界经济的潜在增长率相比，产出损失可达到3至4万亿美元。
面对这一挑战，中国和美国共同努力，帮助形成一个强有力的全球战略，遏制危机，为经济复苏奠定基础。这些努力，以及中国、美国和其他主要经济体所采取的强有力政策行动的综合效应，已帮助减缓增长的恶化速度，修复金融系统和提升信心。
事实上，当前危机与以往的区别，不仅在于其全球规模及严重程度，还在于全球反应的范围和速度。
在4月份的20国集团领导人伦敦会议上，我们商定了一个前所未有的协调的政策行动计划，以支持经济增长，稳定和修复金融体系，恢复对贸易和投资至关重要的信贷流动，通过国际金融机构来为新兴市场经济体调动财政资源，并保持贸易和投资市场的开放。
这项针对经济复苏战略的历史性协定之所以达成，部分取决于中国和美国已经出台的政策行动。
在危机加剧时，中国迅速出台了强有力的增强国内需求的投资和金融措施计划。
在美国，新政府上任的第一周，我们就建立了一个全面的税收优惠和投资计划──第二次世界大战以来和平时期最大的恢复努力，以帮助遏制私人需求的急剧下降。除了这些财政措施，我们还采取行动减轻住房危机。我们出台了一系列举措，使更多的资金进入银行系统，并重新启动信贷市场。
这些举措在世界各国采取类似举措之后得到了加强。
与30年代的全球危机以及战后各个主要经济危机相比，世界各国领导人这次采取了联合行动。他们行动相对迅速。他们采取措施向最脆弱的经济体提供援助，尽管他们自身的国家也面临着特殊的金融需求。他们致力于继续开放市场，而不是退回到自我击败的歧视和保护措施中去。
他们承诺确保这一动议计划维持到复苏基础的牢固确立，而国际货币基金组织将密切监测此承诺，这样我们将能够在20国集团领导人今年秋天在美国再次会晤时一起来评估。
我们开始看到一些改善的初步迹象。全球经济衰退似乎失去力量。在美国，经济活动下跌步伐已经放缓。家庭节省更多，但消费者信心有所改善，消费已开始恢复。房屋价格的下降正在放缓，未售出房屋的库存已经大幅下降。商品和服务的订单有所提升。劳动力市场的恶化速度已经放缓，新申请失业保险的人数已开始有所下降。
金融体系已开始恢复。我们对美国主要银行的资本评估报告中所提供的澄清和披露信息，帮助提振信心，使需要资本的银行可以向私人投资者融资，借款时无需担保。证券市场，包括去年年底已基本停止运转的资产抵押证券市场已经开始恢复。企业和家庭的信贷成本已大幅度下降，因为利差和风险溢价已经缩小。
这些都是重要的稳定迹象，对我们将成功避免金融崩溃和全球性通货紧缩的保证，但它们只是为经济复苏奠定基础的第一步。修复和调整的过程还需时日。
中国作为一个发展中国家尽管有你们自己的明显挑战，但你们处在一个令人羡慕的强势地位。而在世界大多数经济体中，经济衰退仍然严峻而危险。美国与许多国家一样，企业和家庭正在经历几十年来最具挑战性的经济和财政压力。
金融系统的损害程度导致了重大的风险，以至信贷供应将会在一段时间内受到限制。许多主要经济体对银行的限制将使他们很难完全补偿基本的证券化市场机制所遭受的损害，包括对信贷评级丧失信心。在经历了漫长的时期金融机构承担太多风险后，我们仍然面临的可能是，即使根本经济条件开始改善，银行和投资者可能只愿承担太少风险。
经过长期的相对国内生产总值的储蓄下降和家庭借贷大幅度增长，美国的消费者支出，相对于经济复苏时期来说，将在一段时间内受到限制。
这些都是必要的调整。他们将需要更长的、较慢的复苏过程，在各国以一种不同以往的未来增长模式。为未来的发展奠定基础
在我们继续处理当前金融和经济危机的同时，我们还要在恢复一旦确定时，重视为未来全球经济的持续增长和更加均衡奠定基础。
成功地过渡到一个更加平衡和稳定的全球经济，将需要对世界各地的经济政策和金融监管进行非常重大的变革。但是，这些变革中的一些最重要的部分将不得不在美国和中国进行。我们在华盛顿和北京的成功程度，将对世界其他地区的经济命运至关重要。美国政策的成效将部分取决于中国的，反之亦然。
虽然美国和中国从不同的位置开始，我们的许多国内改革的挑战是相似的。我们正在努力改革我们的卫生保健系统，提高教育质量，重建我们的基础设施，并提高能源效率。我们认为这些改革对提高我们经济的生产能力是必不可少的。这些挑战也是你们改革的重中之重。
我们双方都在对我们的金融体系进行改革。在美国，我们的挑战是创建一个更稳定、更具弹性的金融系统，为消费者和投资者提供更强有力的保护。当我们努力加强和重新设计规范以实现这些目标时，我们面临的挑战是维护我们金融体系的核心优势，也就是在适应、创新以及使资本流向新技术和创新公司方面的特殊能力。你们可以从学习我们的被当前的危机证明具有如此破坏性的缺陷和我们的优势中获益。
我们共同的挑战是要认识到一个更加均衡的、可持续的全球复苏将要求我们两个经济体经济增长构成的变化。因此，我们的政策必须针对非常不同的结果。
在美国，储蓄率将不得不上升，同时美国消费者的购买不可能再像过去那样作为增长的主要动力。
在中国，正如你们的领导已经意识到的，可持续的增长将要求一个非常重大的从外部需求到国内需求、从投资和出口密集型增长到消费导向型增长的转变。
如果我们在各自的路径上成功，随着复苏增强，美国的公共和私人储蓄将上升，并且随之，我们的经常账户赤字将减少。在中国，由于消费比例的逐步转高，中国的国内需求将以快于整体GDP的速度增长。
在全球，复苏将更多依靠高储蓄经济体转向更强的国内需求，而更少依靠美国消费者。
为顺利过渡到这一结果的政策框架已经开始形成。
在美国，我们正在建设恢复财政可持续性的基础。
总统在给国会的初步预算中明确，一旦复苏牢固确立，我们将必须削减财政赤字到一个中期可持续的水平。这意味着将我们的财政资源与支出之间的不平衡减少到这样一点——大约GDP的百分之三——使公共债务占GDP的整体水平处于明确的下降路径。我们的复兴法案中提到的用以增强私人需求的暂时投资和税收优惠政策将到期，自由决定的支出将不得不回落到一个相对GDP更加适度的水平，并且我们将不得不非常有纪律的通过恢复预算纪律，例如现收现付制度，来限制未来的承诺。
同时，作为我们长期财政健康的关键，我们必须进行全面的卫生保健改革，以降低卫生保健成本的增长，这些成本是我们长期财政赤字的主要动力。
总统还建议了鼓励私人储蓄的步骤，包括通过自动注册退休储蓄账户。
除了这些财政行动，我们设计我们的政策以解决金融危机，从而谨慎的最小化纳税人的风险，并且一旦条件许可就允许有序的退出或解除。在所有财政部、美联储和联邦存款保险公司设立的各种金融机构中，我们一直在谨慎地确定经济条款水平，以便当条件正常化、风险溢价消退时对这些机构的需求将会淡出。一旦条件允许，银行有强烈的动机用私人资本替换公共资本。
在中国，挑战有根本的不同，但至少一样复杂。
成功实现转向国内需求推动未来增长的关键是增加居民收入和减少因为防御原因和用于例如教育的主要支出等使居民觉得需要大量储蓄的需求。这包括增强社会保障体系包括卫生保健改革和更完善的公共退休系统，实施金融改革以帮助扩大居民的信用获得并提供产品帮助居民防范风险。
当国内需求的重要性增加的时候，中国经济的结构将转变，更大的服务业，更强调轻工业，并减少强调重工业、资本密集出口和进口竞争产业。由此带来的增长将产生更多的就业，和较目前中国经济结构更少的能源密集。允许市场、利率和其他价格发挥作用以鼓励生产的转变是至关重要的。
这一策略的一个重要部分是政府承诺将继续向更灵活的汇率政策推进。更大的汇率灵活性将帮助加强增长构成的转变，鼓励资源向支持国内需求转移，并提供货币政策更大的能力，以实现将来的持续增长和低通货膨胀率。
国际金融改革
我们正面对一些最重要的国内经济挑战，而这些问题将是我们经济合作议程的核心。
但是我想重要的是要强调我们也有非常强烈的意愿一道努力，以加强国际经济和金融合作的框架。
让我强调三个重要方面。
在20国集团领导人会议上，我们承诺采取一系列行动以帮助改革和加强国际金融架构。
作为其中的一部分，我们同意出台一个更强的对金融体系进行监督和管理的标准框架。我们扩大和加强了金融稳定论坛，现在更名为金融稳定委员会。中国和其他主要新兴经济体现在正与主要金融中心一起全面参与这个关键机构中的合作。我们将有机会一起帮助重新设计资本要求的国际标准，更好的监督全球市场，例如衍生品，更好的工具来解决未来金融危机，以及更好的措施以减少监管套利的机会。
我们也承诺了一个雄心勃勃的计划以改革国际货币基金组织和其他国际金融机构。我们共同的目标是要改革这些机构的治理，以使他们更多的代表世界经济和金融活动的平衡转变，以增强他们预防未来危机的能力，并使他们具备更强的金融能力以应对未来的危机。通过国际货币基金组织的新贷款协议的扩大和成员增加，我们承诺动员5000亿美元额外资金，用于为全球金融体系提供一个保险政策。
作为这个改革进程的一部分，美国将全面支持中国在旨在帮助塑造国际体系的主要合作协议中发挥作用，中国的作用应与其在全球经济中重要性相称。
我相信中国发挥更大的作用对中国，对国际金融机构本身的效率，以及对世界经济都是必要的。
中国对全球经济已经太重要了，不能在国际谈判桌没有一个用以帮助确定作为国际金融体系有效功能关键的政策的完整席位。
第二，我们必须合作以确保全球贸易和投资环境保持开放，并且那种机会继续扩大。当经济已经变得越来越开放、越来越紧密地一体化，全球经济增长变得更强也具有更广泛基础，使更多的人脱离贫困，并使发展中国家转变为新兴市场。全球贸易自由化的承诺和增加的自由投资在这个进程中起关键作用 口 在工业化世界，在东亚，在1978年后的中国。当我们面对这次危机的严重压力，我们不应该背弃自由贸易和投资 口为我们自己，也为那些还没有享受到增长和发展的果实的人们。美国、中国和20国集团的其他成员承诺不采取增加贸易和投资壁垒的保护主义措施并将努力实现多哈发展议程的成功结论。
第三，我们共同面对的最紧要的长期挑战之一是气候变化。减少土地和森林退化、节约能源和使用清洁能源技术是重要的目标，补充了我们建立新的、可持续增长模式的努力和我们减少温室气体排放的目标。中国和美国已经通过战略和经济对话在诸多领域紧密合作，例如清洁运输，电力的清洁、有效生产，以及空气和水污染的减少。为了我们的国家和这个星球，我们必须继续这些努力。
结论：
在过去几年中美中经济活动的频率、强度和重要性都成倍增加。奥巴马总统和胡主席在四月份动议的美中战略和经济对话是该进程的下一个阶段。我期盼着欢迎王(岐山)副总理、戴(秉国)国务委员和他们的同事到华盛顿参加对话的第一次会议。
我们的交往应互相尊重中美的传统、价值和利益。我们将同心协力。我们应该理解我们都拥有很强的对彼此经济健康和成功的利益。
中国和美国，各自以及共同，对全球经济和金融系统如此重要，我们对国际经济体系的稳定和强健有直接的影响。其他国家对我们的政策和我们合作的方式都有合法权益，并且我们每个都有义务确保我们的政策和行动促进了全球经济和金融系统的健康和稳定。
我们走到一起，因为我们有共同的利益和责任。我们也有我们各自国家的利益。我将极力主张美国的利益，正如我希望我的对方代表中国的利益一样。中国已经从开放的贸易和投资中获得了巨大的利益，并有能力极大的增加她从世界其他地区的出口。反过来，我们希望更多机会出口到中国和投资中国经济。
我希望中国成功和繁荣。中国的增长和中国需求的扩大为美国的公司和工人带来了大量的机会，正如在中国和世界其他地区发生的那样。
离开美中合作，全球问题将得不到解决。这包括我们世界面临的所有问题，从经济复苏和金融修复到气候变化和能源政策。
我期望和你们一起努力合作，并本着相互尊重的精神。
第三篇：美国财政部长盖特纳北京大学演讲中英文全文
The United States and China, Cooperating for Recovery and Growth
The United States and China, Cooperating for Recovery and GrowthTreasury Secretary Timothy F.Geithner
Speech at peking Universityto help arrest the sharp fall in private demand.Alongside these fiscal measures, we acted to ease the housing crisis.And we have put in place a series of initiatives to bring more capital into the banking system and to restart the credit markets.These actions have been reinforced by similar actions in countries around the world.In contrast to the global crisis of the 1930s and to the major economic crises of the postwar period, the leaders of the world acted together.They acted quickly.They took steps to provide assistance to the most vulnerable economies, even as they faced exceptional financial needs at home.They worked to keep their markets open, rather than r etreating into self-defeating measures of discrimination and protect ion.And they have committed to make sure this program of initiatives is sustained until the foundation for recovery is firmly established, a commitment the IMF will monitor closely, and that we will be able to uate together when the G-20 Leaders meet again in the United States this fall.We are starting to see some initial signs of improvement.The global recession seems to be losing force.In the United States, the pace of decline in economic activity has slowed.Households are saving more, but consumer confidence has improved, and spending is starting to recover.House prices are falling at a slower pace and the inventory of unsold homes has come down significantly.Orders for goods and services are somewhat stronger.The pace of deterioration in the labor market has slowed, and new claims for unemployment insurance have started to come down a bit.&nb sp;
The financial system is starting to heal.The clarity and disclosure provided by our capital assessment of major U.S.banks has helped improve market confidence in them, making it possible for banks that needed capital to raise it from private investors and to borrow without guarantees.The securities markets, including the asset backed securities markets that essentially stopped functioning late last year, have started to come back.The cost of credit has fallen substantially for businesses and for families as spreads and risk premia have narrowed.These are important signs of stability, and assurance that we will succeed in averting financial collapse and global deflation, but they represent only the first steps in laying the foundation for recovery.The process of repair and adjustment is going to take time.;
China, despite your own manifest challenges a s a developing country, you are in an enviably strong position.But in most economies, the recession is still powerful and dangerous.Business and households in the United States, as in many countries, are still experiencing the most challenging economic and financial pressures in decades.The plant closures, and company restructurings that the recession is causing are painful, and this process is not yet over.The fallout from these events has been brutally indiscriminant, affecting those with little or no responsibility for the events that now buffet them, as well as on some who played key roles in bringing about our troubles.The extent of the damage to financial systems entails significant risk that the supply of credit will be constrained for some time.The constraints on banks in many major economies will make it hard for them to compensate fully for the damage done to the basic machi nery of the securitization markets, including the loss of confidence in credit ratings.After a long period where financial institutions took on too much risk, we still face the possibility that banks and investors may take too little risk, even as the underlying economic conditions start to improve.And, after a long period of falling saving and substantial growth in household borrowing relative to GDp, consumer spending in the United States will be restrained for some time relative to what is typically the case in recoveries.These are necessary adjustments.They will entail a longer, slower process of recovery, with a very different pattern of future growth across countries than we have seen in the past several recoveries.Laying the Foundation for Future Growth
As we address this immediate financial and economic crisis, it is important that we also lay the foundations for more balanced, sustained growth of the global economy once this recovery is firmly established.A successful transition to a more balanced and stable global economy will require very substantial changes to economic policy and financial regulation around the world.But some of the most important of those changes will have to come in the United States and China.How successful we are in Washington and Beijing will be critically important to the economic fortunes of the rest of the world.The effectiveness of U.S.policies will depend in part on Chinas, and the effectiveness of yours on ours.Although the United States and China start from very different positions, many of our domestic challenges are similar.In the United States, we are working to reform our health care system, to improve the quality of education, to rebuild our infrastructure, and to improve energy efficiency.These reforms are essential to boosting the productive capacity of our economy.These challenges are at the center of your reform priorities, too.We are both working to reform our financial systems.In the United States, our challenge is to create a more stable and more resilient financial system, with stronger protections for consumer and investors.As we work to strengthen and redesign regulation to achieve these objectives, our challenge is to preserve the core strengths of our financial system, which are its exceptional capacity to adapt and innovate and to channel capital for investment in new technologies and innovative companies.You have the benefit of being able to learn from our shortcomings, which have proved so damaging in the present crisis, as well as f rom our strengths.Our common chall enge is to recognize that a more balanced and sustainable global recovery will require changes in the composition of growth in our two economies.Because of this, our policies have to be directed at very different outcomes.In the United States, saving rates will have to increase, and the purchases of U.S.consumers cannot be as dominant a driver of growth as they have been in the past.In China, as your leadership has recognized, growth that is sustainable growth will require a very substantial shift from external to domestic demand, from an investment and export intensive driven growth, to growth led by consumption.Strengthening domestic demand will also strengthen Chinas ability to weather fluctuations in global supply and demand.If we are successful on these respective paths, public and private saving in the United States will increase as recovery strengthens, and as this happens, our current account deficit will come down.And in China, domestic demand will rise at a faster rate than overall GDp, led by a gradual shift to higher rates of consumption.Globally, recovery will have come more from a shift by high saving economies to stronger domestic demand and less from the American consumer.The policy framework for a successful transition to this outcome is starting to take shape.In the United States, we are putting in place the foundations for restoring fiscal sustainability.The president in his initial budget to Congress made it clear that, as soon as recovery is firmly established, we are going to have to bring our fiscal deficit down to a level that is sustainable over the medium term.This will mean bringing the imbalance between our fiscal resources and expenditures down to the point-roughly three percent of GDp--wh ere the overall level of public debt to GDp is definitively on a dow nward path.The temporary investments and tax incentives we put in place in the Recovery Act to strengthen private demand will have to expire, discretionary spending will have to fall back to a more modest level relative to GDp, and we will have to be very disciplined in limiting future commitments through the reintroduction of budget disciplines, such as pay-as-you go rules.The president also looks forward to working with Congress to further reduce our long-run fiscal deficit.And, critical to our long-term fiscal health, we have to put in place comprehensive health care reform that will bring down the growth in health care costs, costs that are the principal driver of our long run fiscal deficit.The president has also proposed steps to encourage private saving, including through automatic enrollment in retirement savings accounts.xiexiebang.com范文网(FANWEN.CHAZIDIAN.COM)
第四篇：财长盖特纳第四轮美中战略经济对话开幕致辞（本站推荐）
财长盖特纳第四轮美中战略经济对话开幕致辞
Remarks by Secretary Geithner At the Opening Ceremony of the 2012 Strategic and Economic Dialogue(S&ED)May 3, 2012 Beijing, China
美国财长盖特纳在第四轮美中战略与经济对话开幕式上的致辞 2012年5月3日 中国北京
I would like to express our appreciation to President Hu, Vice Premier Wang, Councilor Dai, and their colleagues for welcoming us to Beijing.我要对胡主席、王副总理、戴国务委员及其同事们欢迎我们来到北京表示我们的感谢。
I would particularly like to thank Vice Premier Wang.The Vice Premier combines a broad strategic perspective with a well-deserved reputation as a highly effective problem solver--a rare combination.He is a fierce defender of China’s interests and dedicated to building a positive, cooperative, and comprehensive bilateral economic relationship with the United States.我特别要感谢王副总理。王副总理既有广阔的战略视野，又当之无愧地赢得了解决问题能手的美誉——这两种特质集于一身实属少见。他坚定不移地捍卫中国的利益，不遗余力地推动与美国的积极、合作和全面的双边经济关系。
We convened the first Strategic & Economic Dialogue three years ago in the depth of the most serious threat to the global economy and financial system in decades.We worked together to put out the fires of the global financial crisis, and today the world is better for it.We have worked to address the inevitable problems in our economic relationship in a constructive manner and with mutual respect.And both of our nations are better for it.三年前，我们在全球经济和金融体系面临几十年来最严重威胁的时刻召开了第一次战略与经济对话。我们共同努力扑灭了全球金融危机的大火，如今，世界因此而变得更好。我们共同努力，以建设性的方式、本着相互尊重的精神、解决两国经济关系中各种不可避免的问题。我们两国因此而变得更好。
The diversity of the economic issues we address in this Dialogue reflects the breadth and importance of our relationship.We don’t always agree, but we share strong common interests, and we recognize that promoting these common interests requires cooperation and commitment from both sides.我们在这一对话中所要解决的经济问题的多样性反映了两国关系的广度和重要性。我们并不总是意见一致，但我们有重大的共同利益，我们认识到，促进这些共同利益需要双方的合作与承诺。
As two of the world’s largest trading nations, we both depend on an open global trading system in which workers and companies compete on a level playing field.We have a common interest in promoting productivity growth through research and innovation, by protecting intellectual property and open markets.We have a mutual interest in building a global financial system that is more stable and less prone to crisis.作为世界上两个最大的贸易国家，我们两国都依赖于工人与企业能够开展公平竞争的开放的全球贸易体系。我们在通过科研和创新、保护知识产权和开放市场来促进生产力增长方面有着共同的利益。我们在建立一个更加稳定、不易遭遇危机的全球金融体系方面有着共同的利益。
Because of the size and importance of our two economies, we also have a shared responsibility for the global economy.As we have worked to promote economic reforms in the United States and China, we have worked together to strengthen and reform the IMF and the World Bank and to mobilize more resources to support development in the world’s poorest countries.We have worked together to support Europe’s efforts to better manage its financial crisis.We have worked to build new mechanisms for cooperation on international economic and financial issues in the G-20 and the Financial Stability Board.由于我们两大经济体的规模和重要性，我们还对全球经济承担着共同的责任。我们在努力促进美中两国的经济改革之时，又共同努力加强国际货币基金组织（IMF）和世界银行（World Bank）并推动其改革，调动更多的资源支持世界最贫穷国家的发展。我们还进行合作，支持欧洲更好管理其金融危机的努力。我们协力在20国集团（G-20）和金融稳定委员会内建立国际经济与金融问题上新的合作机制。
We meet at a time of risk and challenge in the global economy, and we both face considerable economic challenges at home.我们在全球经济面临风险与挑战的时刻举行会议，我们两国都面临着严峻的国内经济挑战。
In the United States, we are making progress in repairing the damage from the financial crisis and putting in place a stronger foundation for future economic growth.We are putting in place a comprehensive program of economic reforms to improve education, increase investments in scientific research and innovation, improve incentives for private investment, and reform the financial system.And we are working to legislate a comprehensive program of reforms to restore fiscal sustainability, building on tough, 10-year spending cuts we put in place last summer.While there is still a long way to go to recover from the financial crisis, the economic expansion in the United States is now more broad based and resilient, and we are significantly more advanced than are the other major developed economies in addressing the imbalances that helped cause our crisis.在美国，我们在修复金融危机造成的破坏和建立未来经济发展更坚实的基础方面正在取得进展。我们制定了全面的经济改革计划，以改进教育、增加科研创新投资、改善鼓励私人投资的措施和改革金融体系。我们在努力通过立法制定改革计划，以恢复财政稳定，在我们去年夏天制定的大刀阔斧削减支出的10年计划的基础上再接再厉。尽管要从金融危机中复苏还有很长的一段路要走，但美国的经济扩张现已有了更广阔的基础，并具有了更强的适应能力。在解决导致危机原因之一的不平衡的问题方面，我们远远走在其他主要发达经济体的前面。
In China, you are in the process of exploring the next frontier of economic reforms, recognizing as your predecessors did more than 30 years ago, that future economic growth will require another fundamental shift in economic policy.These new reforms recognize the new reality that China must rely more on domestic consumption rather than exports, and more on innovation by private companies rather than capacity expansion by state owned enterprises, with an economy more open to competition from foreign firms, and with a more modern financial system.在中国，你们正处于探索下一个经济改革前沿的过程之中，如同你们的前任在30多年前得出的认知一样，你们认识到未来的经济增长将需要在经济政策方面做出另一项根本性的转变。这些新的改革是基于新的现实：中国必须更依赖国内消费，而不是依赖出口；更多地依赖民营企业的创新，而不是依赖国有企业扩大产能；要有一个对来自外国企业的竞争更加开放、金融体系更现代化的经济。
The United States has a strong interest in the success of these reforms, as does the rest of the world.这些改革能否取得成功关系到世界的利益，也关系到美国的重大利益。
As we begin this next round of our Strategic and Economic Dialogue, I want to reaffirm our commitment to continue to work closely with China to build a stronger economic relationship and to build a stronger framework for cooperation on global economic issues that can balance the interests of the two largest economies in the world.当我们开始这个下一轮战略与经济对话的时候，我想重申我们继续与中国紧密合作的承诺，以便建立更强有力的经济关系，并建立一个可以平衡世界两大经济体利益、在全球经济问题上实行合作的更强大的框架。
China and the United States are both now sources of strength for the global economy, and we are moving toward the more balanced, and complementary growth strategies that are so important for the world.中美两国现在都是全球经济力量的源泉，我们正在朝着更加平衡和互补增长的战略目标前进，这些战略对全世界至关重要。
I hope we are able to make progress during these next two days on the range of issues before us.我希望我们能在今、明两天在我们面临的一系列问题上取得进展。
As President Obama made clear at our first meeting in Washington three years ago, we are nations with different political values and traditions, different political and economic systems, and as we recognize those differences, it is important that we are able to talk to each other openly and make progress on issues that benefit both the Chinese and American people.如奥巴马总统三年前在我们于华盛顿召开的第一次会议上所明确指出，我们是具有不同政治价值观与传统、不同政治和经济制度的国家。我们认识到这些区别，我们必须能够在彼此之间公开进行对话并在造福中美两国人民的问题上取得进展。
We will approach these issues with appreciation for the challenges you face in China and with confidence that China is strong enough to embrace the reforms we seek.我们将探讨这些问题。对于你们在中国所面临的各项挑战，我们表示理解；对中国有足够力量去从事这些我们寻求的改革，我们抱有信心。
第五篇：盖伦17岁演讲
尊敬的各位领导老师：
你们好！今天喜迎盖伦英语十七周年华诞，我有幸作为盖伦英语广大优秀员工中的一员在这里向盖伦外语恭贺17周年华诞，心情非常激动和喜悦。我是来自盖伦外语xx分校的幼儿教师xx。
首先，请允许我代表盖伦外语前进分校的同仁向在座领导及老师们致以最诚挚的祝贺和最崇高的敬意。
十七年风雨坎坷，十七年传承跨越，十七年的并肩携手成就了盖伦的今天。成长的道路离不开各位老师的紧密合作，领导的大力支持。十七年来大家并肩作战、风雨同舟、患难与共、团结如一。我们的管理团队，恪尽职守、兢兢业业，你们是盖伦最宝贵的财富，是盖伦继续前进的无尽动力。在这里，我要感谢那些曾经在工作中给予我关心和支持的所有领导和同事们，向多年来为公司做出贡献的全体同仁，致以深深的谢意！
“学贯中西、文理兼达、情智双修、身心俱佳”的校训使我们受益良多，我们始终对盖伦学校的教育和培养身怀感恩之情，每每唱起校歌,每个人都感慨万千,当唱到”总是在你身上看到我过去的模样,你是我的希望,让我有继续的力量”.我们都有种热泪盈眶的感觉,为了这些可爱的孩子们我们努力着,看到孩子们的进步,看到他们的笑脸,看到他们对英语产生浓厚的兴趣,我们无比的骄傲和自豪!我们在该轮的土地上,坚持着,奋斗着,付出着,更收获着.盖伦今年十七岁了,十七年,有成千上万的孩子在这里走出,走向了更美好的天地每当这个时候就是盖伦老师最自豪的时候.在这里,我们实现了人生的价值,实现了梦想!盖伦人会一如既往的用自己的爱心/耐心/责任心,以及我们全部的热情,为了孩子们更美好的明天而奋斗.最后,值此学校17周年华诞之际，我仅代表盖伦学校的全体学员，祝愿盖伦学校在英语及多元化教育领域里乘风破浪，扬帆远航，祝盖伦的大家庭不断壮大，衷心祝福我们的盖伦，明天更辉煌！
谢谢大家！
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