美国自然主义介绍演讲稿

第一篇：美国自然主义介绍演讲稿

Opening Good afternoon everyone, I’m honored to represent my group to stand here and talk about the American Naturalism with you today.I hope you can enjoy it.We always say that literature originates from life.Naturalism is probably the most faithful one to describe the life.In the world of naturalism we can hardly enjoy ourselves.The whole picture of naturalism is somber and dark;and the general tone is hopelessness and even despair.So before we go into it there’s something that I hope you can remember about the naturalism.2 We can finds humanistic values in these naturalistic works.In the works there is a desire to assert one’s human identity, to define oneself against the social and natural forces one confronts.Whenever we find the weakness of ourselves we try to fight against it.History background Social background During 1980s(the decades after the Civil War)the United States were changing into “Modern America” in the economic, social and cultural aspects.Industrialism, science and the new philosophy of life influenced the change of the country.The spread of industrialization created extremes of wealth and poverty.The Proletariat workers' life was decided by the external forces beyond their control.There appeared a lot of slums.The conditions in the slums became worse and worse.The city poor lived a life of insecurity, suffering and violence.Westward expansion continued to push the frontier nearer the Pacific coast.But the settlers found themselves controlled by the cruel forces as railroad companies.These forces charged heavy rates and drove farmers to bankruptcy.Life became a struggle for survival.Man is helpless and insignificant in a cold world.Culture background The literature climate of the country was also changing.Apparently the realism writers were too old and too set in their ways to re-orient themselves in the new period.Realism was now too restrained and genteel in tone to tell the truth of the harsher realities of American life.Darwin & Spencer At the same time the spread of Darwin’s theory of evolution changed people’s ideology.Darwin, in On the Origin of Species referred that humans are highly evolved animals.(first)Herbert Spencer is English philosopher.He adapted the theory of evolution into a social system in which those individuals, species, or races with the best acquired characteristics would survive.(social Darwinism)émile Zola(1840～1902)French writer 对比他们的不同

Zola held that the literary artist “must operate with characters, passions, human and social data as the chemist and the physicist work on inert bodies, as the physiologist works on living bodies.” Human beings as “products” should be studied impartially, without moralizing about their natures.He dared to describe the bloody scenes of the life and have the extraordinary and excessive description in human nature.The surroundings and heredity can decide one’s destiny.French Naturalism with its new techniques and new ways of writing, appeal to the imagination of the younger generation like Crane Norris and Dreiser.Put yourself on the operating table.加结语）Definition Let’s see the general definition of the naturalism.The term naturalism describes a type of literature that attempts to apply scientific principles of objectivity and detachment to its study of human beings.Thus, if a writer wishes to depict life as it really is, he or she must be rigorously.Features of Naturalism 1.Human is controlled by laws of heredity and environment and has no free will or choice(determinism).The universe is cold, indifferent, and essentially Godless, man was enslaved, they are helpless, insignificant and lacking dignity.Everything is determined by a complex of internal chemisms and by the forces of social pressure.2.The naturalist writers report the life of the helpless people truthfully and objectively.They write their novels with a passion for scientific accuracy.There are a lot of factual details in their works.They paint life as it is lived in the slums, and are blamed of telling just the ugly side of it.The typical settings are slums, sweatshops, factories, farms.3.The naturalists are different from the realists.Though the naturalists write about real life, they do not look at the average.They look at the violent, unpleasant and ugly sides of life.Instead of reflecting the middle-class life, they write about the life of failure, poverty and even crime.Characters are always ill-educated or lower-class whose lives are governed by the forces of heredity, instinct, and passion.The reality is found when the forces of Nature are most powerful in checking human desires, in keeping humans from realizing their dreams.extreme experiences 4.There are less happy ending in the naturalistic fictions than in the realistic ones.The tone of Naturalistic writings is more ironic and pessimistic and less sympathetic and serious than realistic writings.5.Life became a struggle for survival.Therefore, naturalistic novels reflect the struggle of man to adapt to environment.However the characters in the novels never give up.They died, but they didn’t admit defeat.Representative writers • The young writers were not admitted by the critics of that time and some of there books were forbidden because of their truly reveal of the life.Naturalistic writers cleared the way for the next generation, “the lost generation” of the 1920s.In theme they represented the life of the lower classes truthfully and broke into such forbidden regions as violence, death, and sex.In technique their works exhibit honest skills and artistry.• •

Stephen Crane

Crane's works reflect many of the major artistic concerns at the end of the nineteenth century, especially naturalism, impressionism, and symbolism.his first book, Maggie: A Girl of the Streets(1893)transitional period a sympathetic study of an innocent and abused slum girl Maggie descents into prostitution and her eventually suicide.the red badge of courage

Fleming, a young recruit under fire for the first time in an unnamed battle of the Civil War.A farm boy whose struggle with his emotions might be that of the eternal recruit in any battle of any war, Henry has dreamt of fighting heroically in “Greek-like” battles.In first battle, Fleming witnessed the real, cruel war and the death of soldiers.He began to run like a wild animal.At the same time, he wanted to own a wound---“the symbol of courage”.In his way of return, he was hit by a scared soldier and accidentally got the “the red badge of courage”.Yet he received great praise and careful care because of this “red badge”.In the second war, Fleming began to act like a real hero to fight with his enemy.He was like a war beast and fired without a stop until his comrades remind him of the retreat of the enemy.He became a real man.Comments The Red Badge of Courage is often considered one of the best American war stories ever written, even though the author was born after the events and never saw battle himself.His purpose in writing the book was to rewrite the traditional hero, explore the complicated mental world and instinctive fear, and also to criticize the insignificance of war.It is also a psychological novel.Theodore Dreiser

Dreiser read voraciously by himself.He immersed himself in Dickens and Thackeray, read widely Shakespeare, and tasted Fielding, Pope, Thoreau, Emerson, and Twain, but his true literary influences were from Balzac, Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer.Sister Carrie A country girl comes to Chicago to look for a better life.On the train, she gets acquainted with a traveling salesman, Drouet.She first stays with her sister.However, her sister is too poor to keep her.Then when she is seriously ill, Drouet comes to her rescue and takes her home.Later, her beauty attracts Drouet’s friend, Hurswood.Hurswood deserts his comfortable home and family, and forces her to elope with him.For sometime, they experience terrible poverty.Sister Carrie goes out to work on the stage and becomes successful.But Hurswood proves himself to be unfit.He tries different jobs but fails.Then Sister Carrie deserts him.On a cold winter night, he commits suicide.Comments Materialism, including the desire for money, is an important theme in Sister Carrie.The materialism is shown mostly through Carrie's character but also through Hurstwood, a man with a respectable life and money, who still wants more and for that reason commits a crime.The city in itself is also a place of materialism, it is a place that offers all kinds of amusements, pleasures and things to buy, but to participate in what the city has to offer one has to have money.• Style

–(1)Lack of concision, without good structure.And readers are sometimes burdened with massive detailed description of characters and events.–(2)Lack in imagination, journalistic method

–(3)He broke away from the gentle tradition of literature and dramatized the life in a very realistic way.There is no comment, no judgment but facts of life in the stories.His style is not polished but very serious and well calculated to achieve the thematic ends he sought.Franklin Norris

Frank Norris was born in Chicago, Illinois in 1870.His father, Benjamin, was a self-made Chicago businessman and his mother, Gertrude Glorvina Doggett, had a stage career.In 1884 the family moved to San Francisco where Benjamin went into real estate.In Paris where he studied painting for two years and was exposed to the naturalist novels of Emile Zola He attended the University of California, Berkeley between 1890 and 1894 where he picked up the ideas of human evolution of Darwin and Spencer, that are reflected in his future writings.Although he did not openly support socialism as a political system, his work nevertheless evinces a socialist mentality and influenced socialist/progressive

Comment on The Octopus The railroad is compared to octopus with millions of tentacles.It illustrates how social and economics conditions ruined the lives of innocent, powerless people.But Norris did not seem to blame the railroad officials for the tragedies.To him, conditions, natural forces, not men were responsible for what had happened, and the laws of nature could ruin an insignificant farmer as well as a financial superman.The novel reveals his determinist view clearly.

第二篇：自然主义

NATRUALISM

As a literary form, naturalism first appeared in France in the middle of 19th century.It tends to express the idea in the natural way----as it exactly is, more truthful than realism.It first appeared in America at the beginning of 20th century, mostly written about the lower class about their hopelessness, misfortunes and sadness in this cold world.Social Background

The industrialism produced financial giants as well as proletariats with their fate out of their control.The poor life went bad to worse.The desperation in life made the philosophy of Herbert Spencer---the predestination, became popular.The influence of Darwinism----the survival of the fittest, put human into the animal world.Literary Background

Living in this cold Godless world, there was no freedom in any sense, live is to survive.Howellsian realism was too restrained to tell the truth of the harsher reality.In the 90s, French naturalism, with its new way of writing and new technique appealed to the young writers.Features

A description of the development of industrial civilization, and a psychological essence of capitalism society.Reconstruction of literature, focus on new truthfulness,----the changing fromidealization and humanization to material and social tool of human beings.Eager to assert one’s identity, to define oneself against the social and natural force.Writers and Works

Frank Norris

1.Mcteague, the first full-bidied American naturalistic novel, the manifesto of naturalism

2.the wheat trilogy:the Octopus, the Pit, the Wolf,but the last was not finished.Writers and works

Stephen Crane

Maggie, a Girl of Street,---the first naturalism novel in America.The Red Badge of Courage

The Blue Hotel, and The Bride Comes to the Yellow Sky,----short novels

The Black Rider and Other Poems, and War is Kind----poetry collection

Writers and Works

Theodore Dreiser

Sister Carrie

Gennie Gerhardt

The Financier, the Titan, the “ Genious”

An American Tragedy

Writers and Works

Jack London

Martin Eden,----semi biography

The People of the Abyss

The War of the Classes

The Call of the Wild

The White Fang

Love of Life

第三篇：介绍美国英文演讲稿

篇一：美国文化之节日介绍演讲稿(英文版)the american heritage festival 1.united states is a cultural powers.short but rich history and unique it makes for an ethnic melting pot, and bring together the worlds culture.if the thought of this huge social and human treasures of get in, we may wish to take a short cut, that is, on his holiday to be a general understanding of the culture, because it is a microcosm of the festival.2.day(情人节 情人节)(february valentines day(情人节)(february 14)3.november 1, halloween is the traditional festival of the west.halloween, namely 31 october night, children enjoy a good time to play.as night fell, the children put on colorful costume, and wore a mask of all sorts, put on a pumpkin lampran out to play.packed with parity, the demons were dressed up as children of mobile pumpkin lamp, ran to a neighbors door, intimidation, like shouting: to trick or treat and give money or to eat.if the adults do not have to change for the hospitality they candy, and those naughty boy just talk the talk: well, youre not playing entertaining, i you.4.november 4th thursday is thanksgiving.on thanksgiving day, the united states the whole fun, people follow the customs of the prayer of thanksgiving to the church, and rural towns are nearby, theatrical performances or sporting events, etc.continues for another year of relatives will return from many, one family luck, taste the delicious thanksgiving turkey.christmas is the most typical christmas tree decorations, people in a small fir or pine filled with gifts and lantern, the top of the tree with a big star.篇二：美国文化演讲稿,英文版 presentation i’m glad to show you mine presentation today.and now let’s see some pictures.what are they? maybe you’ll say “ads”.but do you see the slogans on them? just as this one “obey your thirst”.advertisements give latest information about products.but some people think that advertisements don’t give much information but only try to persuade customers to buy.may be what mentioned above is the citizens’ view about advertisement.so, what i want to say is that we can pay more attention on advertising slogans, and some of them give us some inspiration.we might as well take a look.first i want to share my favorite slogan with you.it’s the slogan of the hennessy.“to me, the past is black and white, but the future is always color.” just as the slogan said, i hold the view that a person can’t be always lost in the past, and no matter how happy or terrible the past is, the future is worthy to be expected.this slogan gives a clear picture of the life that every successful person who want to realize the dream.besides, there’s another slogan, “start ahead”.i believe that most of us are familiar with its chinese meaning “成功之路，从头开始”.iargue that wherever we go and whatever we meet, this sentence is full of power and wisdom.the other one is the slogan of canon.as it said, “impossible made possible.” when we are in case of emergency or we meet difficulties at the critical stage of our life, it’s a good choice for us to use the slogan for encouragement.there’re also many slogans which deserve to be thought about.for example, “intelligence everywhere,” “the relentless pursuit of perfection,” and the most famous one “just do it”.maybe we’ll forget them after the first time we heard them or maybe we could seldom remember them unless in a special situation.in my opinion, since we have so many excellent advertising slogans, we have every reason to make full use of the social resources.in other words, after we enjoy the happiness and know about the introduction of the products, we should take in the wisdom and the truth which behind them.thank you, it’s all my presentation.篇三：美国经典英文演讲100篇

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美国经典英文演讲100篇：oklahoma bombing memorial address2013-04-04 thank you very much, governor keating and mrs.keating, reverend graham, to the families of those who have been lost and wounded, to the people of oklahoma city, who have endured so much, and the people of this wonderful state, to all of you who are here as our fellow americans.美国经典英文演讲100篇：brandenburg gate address2013-04-03 美国经典英文演讲100篇：message to the grass roots2013-04-03 so we are all black people, so-called negroes, second-class citizens, ex-slaves.you are nothing but a [sic] ex-slave.you dont like to be told that.but what else are you? you are ex-slaves.美国经典英文演讲100篇：address on taking the oath of office2013-04-02 the oath that i have taken is the same oath that was taken by george washington and by every president under the constitution.but i assume the presidency under extraordinary circumstances never before experienced by americans.this is an hour of history that troubles our minds and hurts our hearts.美国经典英文演讲100篇：a crisis of confidence2013-04-02 this a special night for me.exactly three years ago, on july 15, 1976, i accepted the nomination of my party to run for president of the united states.i promised you a president who is not isolated from the people, who feels your pain, and who shares your dreams, and who draws his strength and his wisdom from you.美国经典英文演讲100篇：on vietnam and not seeking re-election2013-04-01 tonight i want to speak to you of peace in vietnam and southeast asia.no other question so preoccupies our people.no other dream so absorbs the 250 million human beings who live in that part of the world.no other goal motivates american policy in southeast asia.美国经典英文演讲100篇：statement to the senate judiciary...2013-04-01 my name is anita f.hill, and i am a professor of law at the university of oklahoma.i was born on a farm in okmulgee county, oklahoma, in 1956.i am the youngest of 13 children.i had my earlyeducation in okmulgee county.my father, albert hill, is a farmer in that area.my mothers name is irma hill.she is also a farmer and a housewife.美国经典英文演讲100篇：television and the public interest2013-03-31 governor collins, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen.governor collins youre much too kind, as all of you have been to me the last few days.its been a great pleasure and an honor for me to meet so many of you.and i want to thank you for this opportunity to meet with you today.美国经典英文演讲100篇：eulogy for robert francis kennedy2013-03-31 on behalf of mrs.kennedy, her children, the parents and sisters of robert kennedy, i want to express what we feel to those who mourn with us today in this cathedral and around the world.美国经典英文演讲100篇：black power2013-03-30 thank you very much.it’s a privilege and an honor to be in the white intellectual ghetto of the west.we wanted to do a couple of things before we started.美国经典英文演讲100篇：chappaquiddick2013-03-30 on the weekend of july 18, i was on marthas vineyard island 美国经典英文演讲100篇：religious belief and public morality2013-03-29 the catholic churchs actions with respect to the interplay of religious values and public policy make clear that there is no inflexible moral principle which determines what our political conduct should be.美国经典英文演讲100篇：presidential nomination acceptance..2013-03-29 i have not sought the honor you have done me.i could not seek it, because i aspired to another office, which was the full measure of my ambition, and one does not treat the highest office within the gift of the people of illinois as an alternative or as a consolation prize.《美国经典英文演讲100篇》音频打包下载2013-03-28 美国经典英文演讲100篇：vice-presidential nomination...2013-03-28 my heart is filled with pride.my fellow citizens, i proudly accept your nomination for vice president of the united states.美国经典英文演讲100篇：the marshall plan2013-03-28 美国经典英文演讲100篇：the great society2013-03-27 how do i document that case? seven years later, the richest 1 percent of our society pays 20 percent less in taxes.the poorest 10 percent pay 20 percent more: reaganomics.美国经典英文演讲100篇：1988 dnc address(上)2013-03-26 tonight, we pause and give praise and honor to god for being good enough to allow us to be at this place at this time.when i look out at this convention, i see the face of america: red, yellow, brown, black and white.we are all precious in gods sight--the real rainbow coalition.美国经典英文演讲100篇：a whisper of aids2013-03-25 incidentally, that he spent weeks in the preparation of--his words and policies were subjected to instant analysis and querulous criticism.美国经典英文演讲100篇：civil rights address2013-03-24 upon receiving the first preliminary hard information of this nature last tuesday morning at 9 a.m., i directed that our thank you very, very much, president keohane.mrs.gorbachev, trustees, faculty, parents, and i should say, julia porter, class president, and certainly my new best friend, christine bicknell--and, of course, the class of 1990.i am really thrilled to be here today, and very excited, as i know all of you must be, that mrs.gorbachev could join us.

第四篇：美国节日介绍

新年（New Year）-从1月1日（January 1）开始-除夕之夜（New Year's Day）晚会是庆祝新年到来必不可少的活动。西方各国的人们都喜欢在欢快的乐曲和绚丽的光彩中喜气洋洋地度过一年的最后一个夜晚。此时，化装晚会特别受欢迎。来宾们把尊严和谨慎藏在面具之后，打扮得稀奇古怪。大家无拘无束，尽情玩乐，与平日的行为大相径庭。在英美两国，午夜钟声一响，参加晚会的人们还要手拉手高唱“友谊地久天长”这首著名的苏格兰民歌。

圣诞节（Christmas）-12月24日至第二年1月6日这段时间，人们把12月24日夜为圣诞前夜（Christmas Eve）。-圣诞传统的庆祝活动和内容有很多，如闪闪发光的圣诞灯饰、喜气洋洋的圣诞老人、集体庆祝活动、圣诞颂歌、节日甜点、用槲寄生(一种装饰性植物——译者注)和松针做成的花环装饰、挂有各种亮闪闪的饰物的圣诞树以及树下包装好的精美的圣诞礼物。欧洲传统的庆祝方式主要为：12月24日，平安夜，很多家庭和家人、朋友聚在一起，吃火鸡大餐，该大餐一般以圣诞布丁(一种有果酱夹心的蛋糕)作为最后一道甜点。人们互相分享一年来发生的有意思的故事。晚饭后还会有一些活动和游戏。12月25日圣诞节这天，很多家庭一般会在一起吃早午餐，然后做一些强度较小的运动，如户外散步等，用以消化太过丰盛的食物。在英国，12月26日被称为节礼日。这是孩子们最喜欢的一天。人们在这天会打开他们的礼品盒，互赠礼物。在美国，因为已在感恩节吃过火鸡，平安夜丰富多样的圣诞大餐多以火腿为主。

复活节（Easter）-每年的春分月圆后的第一个星期日--复活节前40天有一个大斋期称为四月斋（Lent），是从基督教的圣灰星期三（Ash Wednesday）起至复活节前一天为止的40天，这主要是为了纪念耶酥在荒野禁食（）40天而绝食或忏悔。大斋期为信徒们提供了一赎罪（penance）、斋戒（fasting）、自制（self-denial）和忏悔（repentance）的机会，要求信徒们涤净过去一年中的劣行与罪过。按照基督教的习惯，在复活节的前一天，教徒们要举行夜间祈祷。这天晚上，教堂里灯火全部熄灭，意味着世界一片黑暗。等到午夜的钟声一响，神父手持一枝点燃的蜡烛（象征基督光芒），走进教堂，将各个教徒手中的蜡烛点燃，不一会儿，整个教堂被众多的蜡烛光照得通明，祈祷也就随之结束。复活节这一天要举行宗教仪式和活动, 如“圣餐”等，人们见面的第一句话就是“主复活了”（The Lord's risen）。然后人们互赠彩蛋（Easter egg），小孩吃兔子糖，讲兔子的故事。按西方国家的习俗，彩蛋 和兔子是 复活节的典型象征和吉祥物。

感恩节（Thanksgiving）-每年11月的第四个星期四--感恩节庆祝模式许多年来从未改变。丰盛的家宴早在几个月之前就开始着手准备。人们在餐桌上可以吃到苹果、桔子、栗子、胡桃和葡萄，还有葡萄干 布丁、碎肉馅饼、各种其他食物以及红莓苔汁和鲜果汁，其中最妙和最吸引人的大菜是烤火鸡(roast turkey)和南瓜馅饼(pumpkin pie)，这些菜一直是感恩节中最富于传统和最受人喜爱的食品(food)。人人都赞成感恩节大餐必需以烤火鸡为主菜。火鸡在烘烤时要以面包作填料以吸收从中流出来的美味汁液，但烹饪技术常因家庭和地区的不同而各异，应用什么填料也就很难求得一致。

愚人节（April Fool's Day）--每年的4月1日--在愚人节这一天，人们可以任意说谎骗人，愚弄他人。骗人越高，越能得到推崇。在愚人节受到愚弄的人被称为 April Fool(4月愚人）。按照他们的习惯，当一个人成功地使别人受到愚弄时，他就会笑着说，这时受愚弄的人恍然大悟，也会跟着哈哈大笑。

母亲节(Mother's Day)--每年的5月第二个星期日--每逢母亲节，做儿女的会送给自己的母亲节日贺卡（Mother's Day Cards）、鲜花（flowers）以及母亲们喜欢的精美礼物（presents）等，同时，在这一天做父亲的会领着子女们包揽家务，以便让做母亲的有个休息的机会。

父亲节(Father's Day)--每年的6月的第三个星期日--按照习惯，父亲节这一天，做孩子的通常一大早就起床`给父亲做一顿丰盛的早餐，端到父亲的床头，感谢父亲的养育之恩。另外，父亲节这一天，孩子们还向父亲赠送礼物，所送的一般是父亲喜欢的衣服和爱喝的酒。

情人节(Saint Valentine's Day)--每年的2月14日--情人节不仅仅是年轻人的节日，也是一个大众化的节日。情人节这一天，不仅仅情侣们互赠卡片和礼物，人们也给自己的父母、老以及其他受自己尊敬和爱戴的人赠礼物和卡片。特别引人入胜的是情人节之夜的化装舞会。这在几十年前就十分流行。参加舞会的入，个个煞费苦心地将自己装扮起来，有的化装成中世纪的骑士，有的化装成西班牙的海盗，还有的化装成东方的皇帝。聪明的舞会主人常常给每位客人发一个带花边的瓦伦丁卡片，上面写着某个人的名字，这个人就成为你今晚的伙伴。因此在舞会上，人们便可以看到罗密欧和灰姑娘翩翩起舞；哈姆雷特同卡门谈笑风生；阿拉伯公主同查理二世共进晚餐。他们化装得那样维妙维肖．使人觉得仿佛真的是一群古人复活了。

万圣节(Halloween)--每年的11月1 日--在英国，万圣节前夕可以说是一个鬼节。因为大多数活动都与“鬼”有关。每到万圣节前夕这天晚上，人们就围坐在火炉旁，讲述一些有关鬼的故事，有时让一些在场的小孩听起来好生害怕。有的人把萝卜或甜菜头挖空，做成一个古怪的头形的东西，在上面刻上嘴和眼睛，在其内放上一枝点燃的蜡烛，看上去古怪、让人害怕，然后把它挂在树枝上或大门上，据说这样可以驱逐妖魔鬼怪。

在美国，人们制作“杰克灯”或叫“南瓜灯”（Jack-o'-lantern）。小孩们身穿古怪的服装，头戴面具，装扮成鬼怪的形象，手里提着一盏南瓜灯，从一家走到另一家，在大门口大声叫着“是请客还是要我们捣乱（Trick or Treat）。这时若主人不请客（treat），这些顽皮的孩子就会动真格地捣乱（trick），有的在主人的门把上涂上肥皂或往玻璃上洒肥皂水；有的干脆把主人的门给卸下来；还有的顺手拿走主人放在门口的日常小用品等。但人们对这些天真可爱的小客人一般还是欢迎的，并且事先都准备好糖果或零钱。听到这些小孩来到时，他们马上迎出来，给孩子们分发糖果或零钱。New Year 新年

在西方国家，尽管圣诞节才是最大的节日，新年在人们心目中仍占有不可替代的重要地位。除夕之夜（New Year's Day）晚会是庆祝新年到来必不可少的活动。西方各国的人们都喜欢在欢快的乐曲和绚丽的光彩中喜气洋洋地度过一年的最后一个夜晚，从而迎来新一年的第一天。

Valentine's Day情人节

情人节：在西方一些国家中，有一个极富有浪漫色彩、最受情侣们欢迎的节日，这就是每年2月14日举行的情人节。对那些心有所属，平日又羞于启齿的痴情男女来说，情人节是倾心吐露心底秘密的佳期。在情人节的前一天夜里，姑娘们便采来月桂树的叶子，贴在枕头上，希望在梦中见到意中的情人。而3月14作为延续，还有白色情人节。

复活节（Easter）是基督教耶酥复活的重大节日。在每年春分日（3月21日）之后月满的第一个星期天就是《圣经》中讲到耶稣复活的日子。对基督徒而言，复活节仅次于圣诞节。公元325年，尼西亚会议决定，为纪念基督教的创始人耶酥复活，将每年的春分月圆后的第一个星期日定为复活节,所以，复活节每年的具体日期不确定。按照基督教的习惯，在复活节的前一天，教徒们要举行夜间祈祷。复活节这一天要举行宗教仪式和活动, 如“圣餐”等，人们见面的第一句话就是“主复活了”。然后人们互赠彩蛋，小孩吃兔子糖，讲兔子的故事。

April Fool's Day愚人节

愚人节（April Fool's Day/All Fool's Day）是一个比较特殊的节日。时间是每年的4月1日。按照西方国家的习俗，在愚人节这一天，人们可以任意说谎骗人，愚弄他人。骗人越高，越能得到推崇。在愚人节受到愚弄的人被称为 April Fool(4月愚人）。如今的愚人节在美国已主要是淘气的男孩子们的节日了。

Mother's Day、Father's Day母亲节父亲节

在美国，有两个人情味极浓的节日：母亲节和父亲节。母亲节是由一位名叫贾维斯的妇女倡导，并由她的女儿安娜·贾维斯发起创立的，作为一个感谢母亲的节日，最早出现在古希腊，时间是每年的一月八日，而在中国、美国、加拿大和一些其他国家，则是每年5月的第二个星期天，其他一些国家的日期也并不一样。父亲节是由约翰·布鲁斯·多德夫人倡议成立的，美国总统尼克松1972年签署了议会决议。世界上有52个国家和地区是在每年6月的第三个星期日庆祝父亲节。我国台湾地区的父亲节是每年的8月8日。这两个节日创立后，也得到了全世界各国人民的支持，成了名副其实的国际性节日。

Halloween万圣节

万圣节是西方传统节日——鬼节。在每年的11月1日。10月31日是万圣节前夕，通常叫做万圣节前夜（万圣夜）。传说中所有的鬼在当天会来到人间…人们为吓唬大鬼小鬼，把自己也打扮成各种鬼模样，以避免被鬼抓走。万圣节虽然是国外的习俗庆典，令人印象深刻的是——大家会挨家挨户要糖吃，不给糖吃就捣蛋，这个最受孩子们喜爱。

Thanksgiving Day 感恩节 每逢11月第四个星期四，美国人民便迎来了自己最重要的传统民俗节日——感恩节。这个节日始于1621年秋天，远涉重洋来到美洲的英国移民，感谢当时当地印第安人的帮助

第五篇：美国学制介绍

美国学制介绍：美国K-12幼儿园、小学、中学到高中入学流程规定

相信很多妈妈们和我一样，自己没有在美国上过学（或是没在美国受过大学以前的教育），所以对美国的学制非常不熟。先不说美国的学校怎么上课选课考试了，就连什么时候要上学，怎么注册入学都不懂！因为我准备要送我们家小朋友去 Preschool 上学，因此就顺手研究起美国的学制，整理出这一篇文章分享给所有和我一样「一头雾水」的家长们。希望这篇对大家有帮助！

中美学制教育比较对照图

美国大柢采用 6+3+4 教育方式，即小学6年（幼稚园到五年级）、中学3年（六年级到八年级）、高中4年（九年级到十二年级），不过各学区可以自行制定各级学校的学制，比如有些学区就采取 7+3+3 的方式，有些学校则是 K-8 年级全包，因此实际情形各地不同。

美国学前教育 Daycare & Preschool 一般来说大概 Daycare（托儿所）是给三岁以前的小朋友，三岁之后就读 Preschool（幼儿园/幼稚园小班、中班），很多都是一起的。因为是自愿而非强迫的教育，所以需自费。很多评价好的 Daycare/Preschool 都要早早登记排队，可以联络园方约时间参观校园，收费则不一定。

另外，有些公立小学有开设 Pre-K 班级（学前班，需自费），但可能特别条件情况才能就读。>>> 美国义务教育（公立学校）K-12

由上图可见，美国称的「K-12」教育制度，就是指 Kindergarten（简称 KG）到12年级这13年的义务教育。学费当然免费，但是需要自费营养午餐、校车费、文具用品、教学器材、学校活动、校外教学等学杂费，有时候学校还会要求家长捐款，所以也不能说完全不用钱。怎么知道要念哪间学校？

美国采学区制的就近上学原则，以小朋友实际住哪里为准，学区内的学校必须要收学生。每个学区内又有好几间小学、中学、高中，会念哪间就看住址是否在该校招生范围内（当然也可申请学区内转学，通常只要还有名额应该就OK）。大部分采取开放注册制，通常好学校都非常热门，所以要先抢先赢，有些甚至还要抽签入学。各校开放注册时间都会写在学校网站上，信息清楚明了，必要时也可以致电询问。那可以跨学区就读吗？ 其实有几个方法！来源依据：加州教育部网站

(1)两个学区都同意：如果原学区和欲转入学区申请批准的话就可以执行。但是两方都可以随时反悔⋯⋯

(2)父母工作地点(Allen Bill)：加州可就近到家长工作的地方附近学校就读，前提是这份工作必须是全职且人在现场的工作(physically employed full-time)。如果要走这条路，那么必须向原学区和欲转入学区提供如工资单等文件来进行申请核准。这条是最可行的方法。(3)开放注册法案(Open Enrollment Act)：加州教育部会列出一份学术表现差的1千所学校名单，如果学生就读其中一间学校，可以申请转学到比较好的学校。不过据悉落实情况效果不是很好，来源依据：加州教育部网站。

要注意的是，学区、学校、学生彼此间竞争激烈，虽然法律保障大家有跨学区就读的权利，但事实要不是学区/学校拒绝，不然就是欲转入学校学生名额已满而拒收。没有公民、绿卡或是合法居留身份 可以读公立学校吗？

理论上义务教育只提供给合法居民，不收国际生。但多年前的Plyler v.Doe 判定只要正值学龄，不论何人都应享有教育的权利，所以理论上学校不应要求出示移民相关资料。然而矛盾的是，如果纯拿观光签证来读书，不仅待在境内的期限短不便就学，还违反签证目的而属违法，有朝一日被查到的话恐怕更麻烦。所以大多数国际学生都是选择就读私立学校。不过也有些招不满学生的公立学校可以透过交换学生的方式发给 F1 学生签证（似乎仅限高中且限一年），但还是得看各学区和各校规定，每州每区每校的做法和弹性都不同，建议直接向目标单位求证查询最准。学期制度

新学年从八月中到九月初这段时间开始，隔年五、六月结束，大多数分成上（秋季）下（春季）两学期，有暑假和圣诞节、寒假比较长的假期，另外还有感恩节、复活节（春假）的较短假期。

美国小学｜幼稚园到五年级 Kindergarten8th Grade 注册年龄：满11岁

注册时间：各校规定不一，很多学校都是从四月开始且是 By Appointment Only。

注册文件：正本出生证明和（或）护照；疫苗纪录；一到两种住处证明(Proof of Residency)为(1)Escrow 或房贷或地产税单或租屋合约证明(2)瓦斯费或水费或电费帐单；父母的证件；成绩单及其他校方要求文件。上下课时间：各学区、各校、各年级规定不一定，但大约都从早上7、8点到下午2、3点，其中周三会晚一点上课，大概8点-8点半左右。

交通方式：搭校车（可上学区官网查校车的时间路线和费用等相关规定）或家长接送。上课方式：小学和高中之间的过渡期，这时候已经没有固定教室、没有班导师，而要跑堂上课了，所以会有在走廊上的置物柜（像电影电视里面的那样）可以放课本。美国高中｜九年级到十二年级 9th Grade-12th Grade 和中国、台湾不一样，美国没有统一的全国性大考试来依照成绩登记分发高中。如果要念私立高中，在刚升上八年级那一年就要陆续参考私校的招生资讯并进行准备，参加独立招生考试和其他性向测验等等，也可以参加 Open House 导览。如果想直接读公立高中，那一样是就近就读学区内高中并事先进行注册。注册年龄：满14岁

注册时间：各校规定不一，很多学校都是从四月开始且是 By Appointment Only。

注册文件：正本出生证明和（或）护照；疫苗纪录；一到两种住处证明(Proof of Residency)为(1)Escrow 或房贷或地产税单或租屋合约证明(2)瓦斯费或水费或电费帐单；父母的证件；成绩单及其他校方要求文件。

上下课时间：各学区、各校、各年级规定不一定，但大约都是从早上7点到下午2、3点，其中周三会晚一点上课，大概8点-8点半左右。

交通方式：搭校车（可上学区官网查校车的时间路线和费用等相关规定）或家长接送，有驾照后也可自行开车。

上课方式：基本上就像大学一样了。类似的自由修课制度、以及必须修满一定的必修和选修，拿到规定学分之后才能毕业。学生要跑堂，没有固定的教室、导师还是同学。11年级则要开始参加各类升学考试，包括 SAT 和（或）ACT，以及 AP 进阶先修课程的考试