Ted演讲Candy Chang：Before I die I want to中英

第一篇：Ted演讲Candy Chang：Before I die I want to中英

Candy Chang: Before I die I want to...在我死前，我想...英语演讲稿带中文翻译

There are a lot of ways the people around us can help improve our lives.We don't bump into every neighbor, so a lot of wisdom never gets passed on, though we do share the same public spaces.我们周围的人能以很多种方式 来帮我们把生活变得更美好 我们不一定能常常碰到我们的邻居 所以即使我们生活在同一片公共空间里 邻居的智慧也难以被传递开来

So over the past few years, I've tried ways to share more with my neighbors in public space, using simple tools like stickers, stencils and chalk.And these projects came from questions I had, like, how much are my neighbors paying for their apartments?(Laughter)How can we lend and borrow more things without knocking on each other's doors at a bad time? How can we share more of our memories of our abandoned buildings, and gain a better understanding of our landscape? And how can we share more of our hopes for our vacant storefronts, so our communities can reflect our needs and dreams today? 所以在过去的几年里，我尝试着以不同的方式 如用贴纸、展板和粉笔这些简单工具 来在公共空间里与邻居分享更多的东西 这些项目都源自于我自己的一些疑问，如 我的邻居得付多少房租？（笑声）我们怎么样能够从邻里间互借到更多的东西 同时避免在不合时宜的时候敲开对方的门？ 我们怎样能够更好地分享各自的 关于被毁弃的建筑的回忆 并更好地理解我们居住的这片土地？ 怎样更能表达我们对空置的店面的期待 使我们的社区能反映出 我们现在的需求和梦想？

Now, I live in New Orleans, and I am in love with New Orleans.My soul is always soothed by the giant live oak trees, shading lovers, drunks and dreamers for hundreds of years, and I trust a city that always makes way for music.(Laughter)I feel like every time someone sneezes, New Orleans has a parade.(Laughter)The city has some of the most beautiful architecture in the world, but it also has one of the highest amounts of abandoned properties in America.我现时住在新奥尔良 并深深地爱上了这座城市 那些生生不息的巨型橡树总是可以抚慰我的灵魂 几百年来，情侣、醉汉和追梦人们 总会稍息在树影下 我深信这一座充满着音乐律动的城市 每当有人打喷嚏时，我都感觉新奥尔良来了一只游行队伍（笑声）新奥尔良拥有世界上很多最漂亮的建筑 但同时，她也是全美拥有最多 废弃建筑的城市

I live near this house, and I thought about how I could make it a nicer space for my neighborhood, and I also thought about something that changed my life forever.我住在这栋房子附近，我就想如何让它 在这片社区里成为一个更好的地方 也思考了另一件事 这件事彻底改变了我的人生

In 2009, I lost someone I loved very much.Her name was Joan, and she was a mother to me, and her death was sudden and unexpected.And I thought about death a lot, and this made me feel deep gratitude for the time I've had, and brought clarity to the things that are meaningful to my life now.But I struggle to maintain this perspective in my daily life.I feel like it's easy to get caught up in the day-to-day, and forget what really matters to you.2009年，我失去了一个我挚爱的人 她的名字叫琼，对我来讲，她就像我的母亲一样 她死得很突然，没有人预料到 然后我思考了很多关于死亡的事 然后这件事让我对我拥有的时光怀着深切致意 并且 显现出了那些 对我的生命有真正意义的东西 但我却很难在日常生活中保持这种心态 我觉得人们太容易被日复一日的琐碎困住 而忘记什么才是真正重要的事 So with help from old and new friends, I turned the side of this abandoned house into a giant chalkboard and stenciled it with a fill-in-the-blank sentence: “Before I die, I want to...” So anyone walking by can pick up a piece of chalk, reflect on their lives, and share their personal aspirations in public space.我于是在一些新老朋友的帮助下 把这栋废弃的房子的一面墙 做成了一个巨型黑板 我在上面写满了同一道填空题 “在死之前，我想??” 所以每一个路过的人都可以捡起一根粉笔 在公共场合里留下一些他们人生的痕迹 且来分享他们内心深处的愿望

I didn't know what to expect from this experiment, but by the next day, the wall was entirely filled out, and it kept growing.And I'd like to share a few things that people wrote on this wall.我并不知道该从这个实验里期待些什么 但是第二天，整个墙壁都被填满了 而且不断有人添加新的答案 我想跟大家分享一些人们在那面墙上 写的东西

“Before I die, I want to be tried for piracy.”(Laughter)“Before I die, I want to straddle the International Date Line.” “Before I die, I want to sing for millions.” “Before I die, I want to plant a tree.” “Before I die, I want to live off the grid.” “Before I die, I want to hold her one more time.” “Before I die, I want to be someone's cavalry.” “Before I die, I want to be completely myself.” “在死之前，我想为我的海盗行为接受审判”（笑声）“在死之前，我想跨过国际日期变更线” “在死之前，我想在上百万的观众面前唱歌” “在死之前，我想种一棵树” “在死之前，我想过隐居的生活” “在死之前，我想再抱她一次” “在死之前，我想成为某个人的骑士” “在死之前，我想要做完全真实的自己”

So this neglected space became a constructive one, and people's hopes and dreams made me laugh out loud, tear up, and they consoled me during my own tough times.It's about knowing you're not alone.It's about understanding our neighbors in new and enlightening ways.It's about making space for reflection and contemplation, and remembering what really matters most to us as we grow and change.这个本来被遗忘的建筑变成了一个极具建设性的地方 这些人的希望和梦想 让我放声大笑，也黯然落泪 也曾在我经历困境的时候给我安慰 这让我们相信自己并不孤单 让我们对邻居有了全新的 启发心智的了解 这为我们营造了一个反省和思考的空间 也提醒我们在不断成长改变的过程中 什么才是最为重要的

I made this last year, and started receiving hundreds of messages from passionate people who wanted to make a wall with their community, so my civic center colleagues and I made a tool kit, and now walls have been made in countries around the world, including Kazakhstan, South Africa, Australia, Argentina and beyond.Together, we've shown how powerful our public spaces can be if we're given the opportunity to have a voice and share more with one another.这个黑板是我去年做的，然后我就不断收到 一些热情的人们给我发的信息 说想在他们的社区里也设立一面这样的墙壁 所以我和我的同事们就做了一个小型工具箱 现在，这面墙壁已经遍布全球 包括哈萨克斯坦，南非 澳大利亚 阿根廷等地 这些迹象表明，如果我们能有一个 表达自己的意愿并与他人分享的机会 那么公共空间将发挥巨大的作用

Two of the most valuable things we have are time and our relationships with other people.In our age of increasing distractions, it's more important than ever to find ways to maintain perspective and remember that life is brief and tender.Death is something that we're often discouraged to talk about or even think about, but I've realized that preparing for death is one of the most empowering things you can do.Thinking about death clarifies your life.我们所拥有的最珍贵的两样东西，一个是时间 还有一个，是与他人的联系 在这个物欲横流的时代里 努力坚持自我，铭记人生的短暂与生命的脆弱 变得比以往任何时代都更重要 我们总是没有勇气谈论死亡 甚至没有勇气去想着死亡 但是我意识到，为死亡做心理准备 是我们能够做到的最有力的事情之一 思考死亡能够让你对自己的人生有更清醒的认识

Our shared spaces can better reflect what matters to us as individuals and as a community, and with more ways to share our hopes, fears and stories, the people around us can not only help us make better places, they can help us lead better lives.Thank you.(Applause)公共空间可以更好的体现到底什么对我们是真正重要的 无论是对个人来说或者对于整个社区来说 有了更多的方式来分享我们的希望，恐惧和经历 我们身边的人不仅能够帮助我们创造更美好的地方 更帮助我们过上更美好的生活 谢谢（掌声）(Applause)Thank you.(Applause)(Applause)（掌声）谢谢（掌声）（掌声）

第二篇：TED演讲中英文本

TED演讲中英文本—《怎样从错误中学习》

I have been teaching for a long time, andin doing so have acquired a body of knowledge about kids and learning that Ireally wish more people would understand aboutthe potential of students.In1931, my grandmother--bottom left for you guys over here--graduated fromthe eighth grade.She went to school to get the information because that'swhere the information lived.It was in the books, it was inside the teacher'shead, and she needed to go there to get the information, because that's how youlearned.Fast-forward a generation: this is theone room schoolhouse, Oak Grove, where my father went to a one roomschoolhouse.And he again had to travel to the school to get theinformation from the teacher, store it in the only portable memory he has,which is inside his own head, and take it with him, because that is howinformation was being transported from teacher to student and then used in theworld.When I was a kid, we had a set of encyclopedias at my house.It was purchased the year Iwas born, and it was extraordinary, because I did not have to wait to go to thelibrary to get to the information;the information was inside my house and itwas awesome.This was different than either generation had experienced before,and it changed the way I interacted with information even at just a smalllevel.But the information was closer to me.I could getaccess to it.我已从事教学很长一段时间，在这个过程中，获得很多关于儿童和学习的知识，但我真的希望更多人能理解学生的潜能。1931年，我的奶奶，在相片的左下角，从八年级毕业。她从学校中获得知识，因为学校是知识的殿堂。知识在书本中，在老师脑海中，她需要到学校获得，因为这正是学习的方法。很快的前进了一代，这是Oak Grove的校舍，只有一间，我父亲去只有一间校舍的学校上学。他依然得前往学校，从老师身上学习知识，存储在他唯一的便携式记忆中－他的大脑，并随身携带，因为这就是知识传播的方式。老师传授给学生，然后在世界上运用。当我还是个孩子时，家中有一套百科全书，是在我出生那年购买的。当时看来很棒，因为我不需要等到去图书馆时才能获得资料，这些资料就在我家。这很棒，跟上一代人经历过的相比之下与众不同，它改变了我与知识的互动，即使只有一点点程度。但这些知识离我更近，随手可得。（背景：当学习知识的途径越来越多时，学校和教师已不再是人们获取知识的唯一来源）

In the time thatpasses between when I was a kid in high school and when I started teaching, wereally see the advent of the internet.Right about the time the internet getsgoing as an educational tool, I take off from Wisconsin and move to Kansas,small town Kansas, where I had an opportunity to teach in a lovely, small townrural Kansas school district, where I was teaching my favorite subject,American government.My first year--super gung ho--going to teach American government, loved political system.Kids in the 12thgrade: not exactly all that enthusiastic about the American governmentsystem.Year two: learned a few things--had to change my tactic.And I put in front of them an authentic experience that allowedthem to learn for themselves.I didn't tell them what to do, or how to do it.Iposed a problem in front of them, which was to put on an election forumfor their own community.They producedfliers, they called offices, they checked schedules, they were meeting with secretaries, they produced an election forum booklet for the entire town tolearn more about their candidates.They invited everyone into the schoolfor an evening of conversation about government and politics and whether or notthe streets were done well, and really had this robust experiential learning.The older teachers--more experienced--looked at me and went, “Oh,there she is.That's so cute.She's trying to get that done.”(Laughter)“She doesn't know what she's in for.” But I knew that the kids wouldshow up.And I believed it.And I told them every week what I expected out ofthem.And that night, all 90 kids--dressed appropriately, doing their job,owning it.I had to just sit and watch.It was theirs.It wasexperiential.It was authentic.It meant something to them.And they will stepup.在我还是个高中生到我开始教书那段时间当中，我们目睹因特网的出现。大约在因特网成为一种教育工具的时候，我离开威斯康辛，搬到堪萨斯，堪萨斯的一个小镇。在那里一个可爱的小镇中，即堪萨斯州乡村学区，我得到教书的机会。在那里，我教授我最喜欢的科目－美国政府。第一年我满怀热情，卖力教授美国政府这门我所喜爱的政治体制，12年级的孩子们并不完全热衷于美国政府体制。第二年我学到了一些东西，我得改变策略。我将一个真实的体验呈现在他们面前，让他们能为自己学习。我没有告诉他们该做什么、该怎么做，我把一个问题摆在他们眼前，就是为他们小区建立一个选举论坛。

他们制作传单，号召办事处；他们确认行程，与秘书会谈；制作一本选举论坛小册，让整个小镇对候选人有更充分了解。他们邀请大家到学校进行夜间会谈，关于政府与政治的议题，以及街道是否都已建设完善？并真正拥有这个强大的学习体验。较具经验的年长的老师看着我并走过来说，“哦，就是她，多天真！她真以为自己办得到！”（笑声）“她根本不知道自己会遭遇什么状况。”但我知道这些孩子会出席，我相信这一点。我每星期都告诉他们我对他们的期许。那天晚上，全部90个孩子穿着适当，做本分的工作，并拥有这个体验，我只需坐着旁观。这是属于他们的，这是一个体验，这是真实的，这对他们深有意义，他们会进步。（事例1：体验式学习让学生获益匪浅）

From Kansas, Imoved on to lovely Arizona, where I taught in Flagstaff for a number of years,this time with middle school students.Luckily I didn't have to teach themAmerican government.Could teach them the more exciting topic of geography.Again, thrilled to learn.But what was interesting about this position I foundmyself in in Arizona, was I had this really extraordinarily eclectic groupof kids to work with in a truly public school.And we got to have these momentswhere we would get these opportunities.And one opportunity was we got to goand meet Paul Rusesabagina, which is the gentleman that the movie “HotelRwanda” is based after.And he was going to speak at the high school nextdoor to us.We could walk there;we didn't even have to pay for the buses.There was no expense cost.Perfect field trip.The problem thenbecomes how do you take seventh-and eighth-graders to a talk about genocideand deal with the subject in a way that is responsible and respectful, andthey know what to do with it.And so we chose to look at Paul Rusesabagina asan example of a gentleman who singularly used his life to do somethingpositive.I then challenged the kids to identify someone in their own life, orin their own story, or in their own world, that they could identify that haddone a similar thing.I asked them to produce a little movie about it.It's thefirst time we'd done this.Nobody really knew how to make these little movieson the computer.But they were into it.And I asked them to put their own voiceover it.It was the most awesome moment of revelation that when you askkids to use their own voice and ask them to speak for themselves, what they'rewilling to share.The last question of the assignment is: how do you plan touse your life to positively impact other people? The things that kids will saywhen you ask them and take the time to listen is extraordinary.我从堪萨斯搬到可爱的亚利桑那，我在Flagstaff教了好几年，这次是教中学生。幸运的是，我不用教他们美国政府，可以教他们更令人兴奋的地理学。再次的，因学习而振奋。但我发现自己在亚利桑那州这份工作有趣的部分是，我确实能和这一群杰出的中学生一起合作，在一所真正的公立学校中。我们必须把握拥有这个机会的时刻，这个机会是，我们要去与Paul Rusesabagina见面。这位绅士，电影《卢安达饭店》以他为背景，他将来到我们隔壁的高中演讲。我们可以走到那里，甚至不需付公交费用。没有任何费用成本，完美的实地考察。

问题来了。如何将七、八年级的学生带到谈论种族屠杀的演讲中，并以负责和尊重的方式处理这个问题？他们知道该怎么做。所以我们选择将Paul Rusesabagina视为一位绅士的典范，他令人罕见的用自己生命做一些正面的事，然后我给了学生一个挑战，要他们在自己的生活、故事或世界中，定义一个他们认为做了类似事情的人。我要求他们制作一部与这有关的短片，这是我们第一次这么做。没有人真正知道如何在计算机上制作这个短片，但他们参与了。我要求他们用自己的声音配旁白，这是一个最棒的启示时刻。当你要孩子们用他们自己的声音，要他们为自己发声，说出他们愿意分享的东西。这个作业最后一个问题是，你打算如何用你的生命带给其它人正面影响？当你问他们，并花时间倾听时，孩子们所说的是非同寻常的。（事例2：自主式学习让学生获益匪浅）

Fast-forward to Pennsylvania, where I find myself today.I teach at the Science LeadershipAcademy, which is a partnership school between the Franklin Institute and theschool district of Philadelphia.We are a nine through 12 public school,but we do school quite differently.I moved there primarily to be part of alearning environment that validated the way that I knew that kids learned, andthat really wanted to investigate what was possible when you are willing to letgo of some of the paradigms of the past, of information scarcity when mygrandmother was in school and when my father was in school and even when I wasin school, and to a moment when we have information surplus.So what do you do when the information is all around you? Whydo you have kids come to school if they no longer have to come there toget the information? In Philadelphia wehave a one-to-one laptop program, so the kids are bringing laptops with themeveryday, taking them home, getting access to information.And here's the thingthat you need to get comfortable with when you've given the tool to acquireinformation to students, is that you have to be comfortable with this idea ofallowing kids to fail as part of the learning process.We deal right now in the educational landscape with an infatuation with theculture of one right them to always have the right answer doesn't allow themto learn.So we did this project, and this is one of the artifacts ofthe project.I almost never show them off because of the issue of the idea offailure.My studentsproduced these info-graphics as a result of a unit that we decided to do at theend of the year responding to the oil spill.I asked them to take the examplesthat we were seeing of the info-graphics that existed in a lot of mass media,and take a look at what were the interesting components of it, and produce onefor themselves from a different man-made disaster from American history.Andthey had certain criteria to do it.They were a little uncomfortable with it,because we'd never done this before, and they didn't know exactly how to do it.They can talk--they're very smooth, and they can write very, very well, butasking them to communicate ideas in a different way was a little uncomfortablefor them.But I gave them the room to just do the thing.Go create.Go figureit out.Let's see what we can do.And the student that persistently turns outthe best visual product did not disappoint.This was done in like twoor three days.And this is the work of the student that consistently didit.And when I sat thestudents down, I said, “Who's got the best one?” And they immediatelywent, “There it is.” Didn't read anything.“There it is.”And I said, “Well what makes it great?” And they're like, “Oh,the design's good, and he's using good color.And there's some...” Andthey went through all that we processed out loud.And I said, “Go readit.” And they're like, “Oh, that one wasn't so awesome.” Andthen we went to another one--it didn't have great visuals, but it had greatinformation--and spent an hour talking about the learning process, because it wasn't about whether or not it was perfect,or whether or not it was what I could create;it asked them to create forthemselves.And it allowed them to fail, process, learn from.And when we doanother round of this in my class this year, they will do better this time.Because learning has to include an amount of failure,because failure is instructional in the process.很快的来看宾夕法尼亚，我在那里找到现在的自我。我在领导科学研究院教书，这是Franklin研究所和费城学区间的联合建教学校。这是一所9到12年级的公立学校，但我们用十分不同的方法教学。我搬到那里主要是想成为学习环境的一部分，并证实我对孩子们学习方式所知，而且确实想调查，当你愿意对一些过去的陈规放手，什么是可能的。信息匮乏的时代，从我奶奶上学时，到我父亲、甚至我上学时，一直到信息爆炸的时代。所以当信息随手可得时，你会怎么做？为什么你要孩子去学校？如果他们不再需要到校就能获得知识？

在费城，我们有一人一台电脑课程，所以孩子每天带着他们的电脑，带电脑回家以获得知识。你必须适应的是，当你提供工具让学生获得知识，你必须适应这个想法，允许孩子失败，作为学习过程的一部分。我们目前面对的教育现况是，迷恋于一个正确答案的文化，这可能出现在一般选择题测验中。我在这里与大家分享，这不是学习，这是大错特错的要求，告诉孩子永远不能出错，要求他们永远要有正确的答案，不允许他们学习。所以我们做这个专题，这是其中一个专题的作品，我很少展示这个，因为这个专题的结果失败了。我的学生们制作这些资料图，作为一个小组的成品，我们决定在年末来做，作为对漏油问题的回应。我要他们以看到的资料图为例，那是许多传媒中都有的资料，看一看其中有趣的部分是什么，为自己也制作一个，以美国历史中不同的人为灾难为题。他们要以一定的标准去做，他们对这个有点不适应，因为我们从来没有做过这个，他们不知道究竟该怎么做。他们可以讨论，进行的非常顺利，他们可以写得非常非常好。但要求他们以不同的方式做想法交流，让他们有点不自在。但我给他们空间，就只是做这件事，去创造、去弄明白，看看我们能做些什么。学生努力不懈，制作出最佳的视觉作品，没有让人失望。这是在大约两、三天之内完成的，这是学生一致推崇的作品。

我要学生坐下来，问：“谁的作品最好？”他们立刻开口，“那个”，上面没有可读的数据，“就是那个”。我说，“好在哪里？”他们这么说，“哦，设计的很好，色彩用的很好，还有什么什么…”他们在整个过程中大声讨论。我说，“念出来”。他们说，“喔，那个也不是那么棒”。然后我们看另一个。没有很好的视觉效果，但有很多的数据，并花了一个小时讨论学习过程。因为这跟它是否完美，或它是否是我可以创造出来的无关，要求是要他们为自己创造。这个专题允许他们失败，经历过程、从中学习。我的班级今年会再做一次这个专题，这次他们将做得更好，因为学习必须包括一些失败，因为失败是教学的一部份。（事例3：学会接受体验式学习的过程中必然包括失败，并且还是学习中至关重要的一部分）

There are amillion pictures that I could click through here, and had to choose carefully--this is one of my favorites--of students learning, of what learning canlook like in a landscape where we let go of the idea that kids have tocome to school to get the information, but instead, ask them what they can dowith it.Ask them really interesting questions.Theywill not disappoint.Ask them to go to places, to see things for themselves, toactually experience the learning, to play, to inquire.This is one of myfavorite photos, because this was taken on Tuesday, when I asked the studentsto go to the polls.This is Robbie, and this was his first day of voting, andhe wanted to share that with everybody and do that.But this is learning too,because we asked them to go out into real spaces.The main point isthat, if we continue to look at education as if it'sabout coming to school to get the information and not about experientiallearning, empowering student voice and embracing failure, we're missingthe mark.And everything that everybody is talking about today isn't possibleif we keep having an educational system that does not value these qualities, because we won't get there with a standardized test, and wewon't get there with a culture of one right answer.We know how to do thisbetter, and it's time to do better.在这个过程中有很多照片，我可以从这里点击出来，但得谨慎选择，这是我最喜欢的一张，学生的学习。学习可以是什么光景？在一个景象中，我们放开孩子们必须到学校以获取知识这个观念，相对地，问他们可以如何运用，问他们真正感兴趣的问题，他们不会失望。要他们到四处去为自己观察东西，实际体验学习、玩耍、探究。这是我最喜欢的照片之一，因为这是周二照的。我要学生去投票，这是罗比，这是他第一次投票，他想与大家共享，并做这件事，但这也是学习。因为我们要他们踏出去，到真实世界中。重点是，如果我们继续把教育当做到学校去获得知识，而非经验的学习，赋予学生发声的权益并拥抱失败，我们会迷失。如果我们继续拥有一个不重视这些特质的教育系统，今日每人所谈论的一切都将是不可能的。因为我们无法以一个标准化测验达成，无法以单一正确答案的文化达成目标。我们知道如何做得更好，现在正是将它做得更好的时候！（结尾：在学校和教育不再是获取知识的唯一途径时，其职责应是引导学生进行经验式学习，赋予学生发声的权利并拥抱失败）

There are a lot ofways the people around us can help improve our lives.We don't bump into everyneighbor, so a lot of wisdom never gets passed on, though we do share the samepublic spaces.So over the pastfew years, I've tried ways to share more with my neighbors in public space,using simple tools like stickers, stencils and chalk.And these projects camefrom questions I had, like, how much are my neighbors paying for theirapartments?(Laughter)How can we lend and borrow more things without knockingon each other's doors at a bad time? How can we share more of our memories ofour abandoned buildings, and gain a better understanding of our landscape? Andhow can we share more of our hopes for our vacant storefronts, so ourcommunities can reflect our needs and dreams today? Now, I live in NewOrleans, and I am in love with New Orleans.My soul is always soothed by thegiant live oak trees, shading lovers, drunks and dreamers for hundreds ofyears, and I trust a city that always makes way for music.(Laughter)I feellike every time someone sneezes, New Orleans has a parade.(Laughter)The cityhas some of the most beautiful TED演讲中英文本——《在死之前，我想...》 architecture in the world, but it also has oneof the highest amounts of abandoned properties in America.I live near thishouse, and I thought about how I could make it a nicer space for myneighborhood, and I also thought about something that changed my life forever.我们周围的人能以很多种方式 来帮我们把生活变得更美好 我们不一定能常常碰到我们的邻居 所以即使我们生活在同一片公共空间里 邻居的智慧也难以被传递开来

所以在过去的几年里，我尝试着以不同的方式 如用贴纸、展板和粉笔这些简单工具 来在公共空间里与邻居分享更多的东西 这些项目都源自于我自己的一些疑问，如 我的邻居得付多少房租？（笑声）我们怎么样能够从邻里间互借到更多的东西 同时避免在不合时宜的时候敲开对方的门？ 我们怎样能够更好地分享各自的 关于被毁弃的建筑的回忆 并更好地理解我们居住的这片土地？ 怎样更能表达我们对空置的店面的期待 使我们的社区能反映出我们现在的需求和梦想？

我现时住在新奥尔良 并深深地爱上了这座城市 那些生生不息的巨型橡树总是可以抚慰我的灵魂 几百年来，情侣、醉汉和追梦人们 总会稍息在树影下 我深信这一座充满着音乐律动的城市 每当有人打喷嚏时，我都感觉新奥尔良来了一只游行队伍（笑声）新奥尔良拥有世界上很多最漂亮的建筑 但同时，她也是全美拥有最多 废弃建筑的城市

我住在这栋房子附近，我就想如何让它 在这片社区里成为一个更好的地方 也思考了另一件事 这件事彻底改变了我的人生

In 2009, I lostsomeone I loved very much.Her name was Joan, and she was a mother to me, andher death was sudden and unexpected.And I thoughtabout death a lot, and this made me feel deep gratitude for the time I've had,and brought clarity to the things that are meaningful to my life now.But Istruggle to maintain this perspective in my daily life.I feel like it's easyto get caught up in the day-to-day, and forget what really matters to you.So with help fromold and new friends, I turned the side of this abandoned house into a giantchalkboard and stenciled it with a fill-in-the-blank sentence: “Before Idie, I want to...” So anyone walking by can pick up a piece of chalk,reflect on their lives, and share their personal aspirations in public space.I didn't know whatto expect from this experiment, but by the next day, the wall was entirelyfilled out, and it kept growing.And I'd like to share a few things that peoplewrote on this wall.“Before Idie, I want to be tried for piracy.”(Laughter)“Before I die, I wantto straddle the International Date Line.” “Before I die, I want tosing for millions.” “Before I die, I want to plant a tree.”“Before I die, I want to live off the grid.” “Before I die, Iwant to hold her one more time.” “Before I die, I want to besomeone's cavalry.” “Before I die, I want to be completelymyself.” So this neglectedspace became a constructive one, and people's hopes and dreams made me laughout loud, tear up, and they consoled me during my own tough times.It's aboutknowing you're not alone.It's about understanding our neighbors in new andenlightening ways.It's about making space for reflection and contemplation,and remembering what really matters most to us as we grow and change.I made this lastyear, and started receiving hundreds of messages from passionate people whowanted to make a wall with their community, so my civic center colleagues and Imade a tool kit, and now walls have been made in countries around the world,including Kazakhstan, South Africa, Australia, Argentina and beyond.Together,we've shown how powerful our public spaces can be if we're given theopportunity to have a voice and share more with one another.2009年，我失去了一个我挚爱的人 她的名字叫琼，对我来讲，她就像我的母亲一样 她死得很突然，没有人预料到 然后我思考了很多关于死亡的事 然后..这件事让我对我拥有的时光怀着深切致意 并且 显现出了那些 对我的生命有真正意义的东西 但我却很难在日常生活中保持这种心态 我觉得人们太容易被日复一日的琐碎困住 而忘记什么才是真正重要的事

我于是在一些新老朋友的帮助下 把这栋废弃的房子的一面墙 做成了一个巨型黑板 我在上面写满了同一道填空题 “在死之前，我想..” 所以每一个路过的人都可以捡起一根粉笔 在公共场合里留下一些他们人生的痕迹 且来分享他们内心深处的愿望

我并不知道该从这个实验里期待些什么 但是第二天，整个墙壁都被填满了 而且不断有人添加新的答案 我想跟大家分享一些人们在那面墙上 写的东西

“在死之前，我想为我的海盗行为接受审判”（笑声）“在死之前，我想跨过国际日期变更线” “在死之前，我想在上百万的观众面前唱歌” “在死之前，我想种一棵树” “在死之前，我想过隐居的生活” “在死之前，我想再抱她一次” “在死之前，我想成为某个人的骑士” “在死之前，我想要做完全真实的自己”

这个本来被遗忘的建筑变成了一个极具建设性的地方 这些人的希望和梦想让我放声大笑，也黯然落泪 也曾在我经历困境的时候给我安慰 这让我们相信自己并不孤单 让我们对邻居有了全新的 启发心智的了解 这为我们营造了一个反省和思考的空间 也提醒我们在不断成长改变的过程中 什么才是最为重要的 这个黑板是我去年做的，然后我就不断收到 一些热情的人们给我发的信息 说想在他们的社区里也设立一面这样的墙壁 所以我和我的同事们就做了一个小型工具箱 现在，这面墙壁已经遍布全球 包括哈萨克斯坦，南非 澳大利亚 阿根廷等地 这些迹象表明，如果我们能有一个 表达自己的意愿并与他人分享的机会 那么公共空间将发挥巨大的作用

Two of the mostvaluable things we have are time and our relationships with other people.Inour age of increasing distractions, it's more important than ever to find waysto maintain perspective and remember that life is brief and tender.Death issomething that we're often discouraged to talk about or even think about, butI've realized that preparing for death is one of the most empowering things youcan do.Thinking about death clarifies your life.Our shared spacescan better reflect what matters to us as individuals and as a community, andwith more ways to share our hopes, fears and stories, the people around us cannot only help us make better places, they can help us lead better lives.Thankyou.(Applause)

我们所拥有的最珍贵的两样东西，一个是时间 还有一个，是与他人的联系 在这个物欲横流的时代里 努力坚持自我，铭记人生的短暂与生命的脆弱 变得比以往任何时代都更重要 我们总是没有勇气谈论死亡 甚至没有勇气去想着死亡 但是我意识到，为死亡做心理准备 是我们能够做到的最有力的事情之一 思考死亡能够让你对自己的人生有更清醒的认识

公共空间可以更好的体现到底什么对我们是真正重要的 无论是对个人来说或者对于整个社区来说 有了更多的方式来分享我们的希望，恐惧和经历 我们身边的人不仅能够帮助我们创造更美好的地方 更帮助我们过上更美好的生活 谢谢（掌声）

第三篇：TED演讲内容(中英)

张彤禾

HI，So I'd like to talk little bit about the people 嗨，今天我想来探讨一下

Who make the things we use every day;这些为我们制造日常用品的人们：

Our shoes，our handbags,our computers and cell phones, 例如我们的鞋子，手提包，电脑，还有手机。

Now, this is a conversatuon that often calls up a lot of guilt.这个话题时常让我们觉得很内疚。

Imagine the teenage farm girl who makes less than 想象一下，一个年轻的农村女孩给你缝制跑步鞋 a dollar an hour stitching your running shoes, 可每个小时还赚不到一美金，Or the young Chinese man who jumps off a rooftop 又或者是那个加班为你组装ipad的中国小伙子 after working overtime assembling your ipad 在加班之后从楼上跳了下来。

We，the beneficiaries of globalization,seem to exploit 我们，是全球化的受益者，These victims with every purchase we make, 可每笔交易却似乎都是在剥削那些受害者，and the injustice 而这种不公平

Feels embedded in the products themselves.似乎也深深烙印在这些产品之中。

After all, what’s wrong with the world in which a worker 总而言之，这个世界到底怎么了？

On an iphone assembly line can’t even afford to buy one? 一个在组装iphone 生产线上的员工却买不起一台iphone？ It's taken for granted that chinese factories are oppressive, 人们理所当然地认为，中国的工厂就是应该被压榨的，And that it’s our desire for cheap goods 因为我们渴求便宜的产品 That makes them so。造成了这样的局面。

So,this simple narrative equating Weatern demand 很显然，西方社会的需求

And Chinese suffering is appealing, 和中国人对他们遭遇的申诉被连接在一起，especially at a time when many of us already feel guilty 尤其是当我们中的很多人已经因为我们对世界影响 About our impact on the world, 而感到了内疚，But it's also inaccurate and disrespectful.然而，这是不正确的，也是不尊重他人的。

We must be peculiarly self-obsessed to imagine that we 我们极其自恋地去想象着

Have the power to drive tens of millions of people 我们有力量去操控地球另一边

On the other side of the world to migrate and suffer.千万的人民，让他们以如此可怕的方式 In such terrible ways.去遭受痛苦或者迁移。

In fact, China makes goods for markets all over the world, 事实上，中国制造的产品遍布全球，Including its own, thanks to a combination of factors: 也包括他们自己的市场，这要归结于许多因素的综合： Its low costs，its large and educated workforce, 低成本，大量受过教育的劳动力，And a flexible manufacturing system 还有有弹性的工作制度

That responds quickly to market demands.这些都快速地迎合了市场的需求。

By focusing so much on ourselves and our gadgets, 我们因为太专注于我们自身和产品上，We have rendered the individuals on the other end 所以忽视了产业链另一端的个体的存在 Into invisibility, as tiny and interchangeable 将他们看成是可以随时被替换的，微小的 as the parts of a mobile phone.像手机零件那样。

Chinese workers are not forced into factories 中国工人并不是因为我们对于ipods 的无限渴求 Because of our insatiable desire for ipods.而被迫进入工厂的。

They choose to leave their homes in order to earn money, 他们选择背井离乡，是为了赚钱，to learn new skills.and to see the world.为了学习新的技能，以为为了看看这个世界。In the ongoing debate about globalization, what’s 在全球化发展趋势的辩论中

been missing is the voices of the workers themselves.我们缺失的，是聆听工人们自己的声音。Here are a few.以下就是一些例子。

Baoyongxiu：”My mother tells me to come home 包永秀（音译）说：“我妈妈让我回家结婚

and get married,but if i marry now,before i have fully 但是如果我还没有让自己的得到充分的发展

developed myself, i can only marry an ordinary worker, 就结婚，我只能嫁给一个平凡的工人，So i’m not in a rush”

所以我根本不着急。”

Chen Ying: “When I went home for the new year, 陈颖（音译）说：“我过年回家的时候 everyone said I had changed.They asked me, 每个人都说我变了，他们问我：

What did you do that you have changed so much? 你怎么会有这么大的改变？

I told them that studied and worked hard.If you tell them 我告诉他们，我很努力地学习和工作，more,they won’t understand anyway.”

即便你想给他们讲更多，他们反正也不能理解。” Wu Chunming:”Even if i make a lot of money, 吴春明（音译）：“即使我赚了很多钱 It won’t satisfy me.也无法满足我自己。

Just to make money is not enough meaning in life.” 赚钱并不是生活全部的意义。”

XiaoJin:”Now, after i get off work, i study English, 肖金（音译）说：“现在我下班以后，就会去学英语 Because in the future，our customers won't 因为在不久的将来，我们的客户将不仅仅是中国人，be only Chinese,so we must learn more languages.” 所以，我们需要学习更多的语言。”

All of these speakers,by the way, are young women, 以上的话，都是出自一些年轻女孩的口，18 or 19 years old.他们仅仅18、19岁。

So I spent two years getting to know assembly line workers 因此，我花了两年的时间去了解流水工作线上的工人们 Like these in the south China factory city called Dongguan.例如在中国南部的一个工业城市——东莞。Certain subjects came up over and over: 有一些主要的问题不断的重复着： How much money they made, 他们到底赚了多少钱，what kind of husband they hoped to marry, 他们想要嫁给怎样的人，Whether they should jump to another factory 他们是否想要跳槽

Or stay where they were.还是留在一个工厂内。

Other subjects came up almost never, including 另一些话题，则几乎不被提起

living conditions that to me looked close to prison life;例如：在我眼中如牢狱般的生活条件 10 or 15 workers in one room，10-15个工人住在一个房间里，50 people sharing a single bathroom, 50个人公用一个厕所，days and nights ruled by the factory clock.日以继夜地按照工厂的要求来作息。

Everyone they knew lived in similar circumstances, 他们每一个人都知道，即便是住在如此的环境里面 And it was still better than the dormitories and homes 也会比他们在中国农村的老家的条件 of rural China。好得多

They workers rarely spoke about the products they made, 工人们很少谈论他们制造的产品，And they often had great difficulty explaining 他们往往很难解释清楚 What exactly they did.他们到底做了什么。When I asked Lu Qingmin, 我访问了吕清明（音译）

The young woman I got to know best, 这个年轻的女孩是我最了解的，what exactly she did on the factory floor, 我问她她在工厂里到底从事什么工作

She said something to me in Chinese that sounded like 他用中文告诉我，听起来像是 “qiu xi”

“秋西”。

Only much later did I realize that she had been saying 很久以后，我才知道她说的是 “QC,” or quality control.“QC”，也就是质量监控。

She couldn’t even tell me what she did on the factory floor.她竟然都不能告诉我她在工厂里做的是什么。All she could do was parrot a garbled abbreviation 她能做的就只是模仿一个英文缩写的发音 In a language she didn’t even understand.而这个语言是她根本就不懂的。

Karl Marx saw this as the tragedy of capitalism, 马克思认为这就是资本主义的悲哀

the alienation of the worker from the product of his labor.疏远了工人与他们所制造的产品。

Unlike,say, a traditional maker of shoes or cabinets, 与传统的鞋匠或者木匠不同，The worker in an industrial factory has no control, 工人在工厂没有控制权，No pleasure,and no true satisfaction or understanding 在她所做的工作中，没有快乐，In her own work.没有真正的满足或理解。

But like so many theories that Marx arrived at 但同许多马克思

Sitting in the reading room of the British Museum, 坐在英国图书馆的阅读室里想出来理论一样，He got this one wrong.这一点，他错了。

Just because a person spends her time 仅仅因为一个人用她的时间

Making a piece of something does not mean 去制造一件物品，并不代表

that she becomes that,a piece of something.她就变成了这件物品

What she does with the money she earns, 她用她赚的钱去做了什么

What she learns in that place,and how it changes her, 她在那个地方学到了什么技能，以及她如何被改变 These are the things that matter.这些才是最重要的。

What a factory makes is never the point,and 一个工厂制造什么并非重点，The workers could not care less who buys their products.工人们也不在乎谁买了他们制造的产品。Journalistic coverage of Chinese factories, 记着报道了关于中国工厂的新闻

on the other hand,plays up this relationship 另一方面，也强调了

Between the workers and the products they make.工人与产品之前的联系。

Many articles calculate:How long would it take 很多文章都在计算：

For this worker to work in order to earn enough money 这些工人要工作多久，赚来的钱 To buy what he’s making? 才够买一件他们制作的产品？

For example,an entry-level-line assembly line worker 举个例子，一个初级组装生产线的工人

In china in an iphone plant would have to shell out 在中国组装iphone配件

Two and a half months wages for an iphone.要倾其2个半月的工资才能买一台iphone。But how meaningful is this calculation, really? 但说真的，这些计算有任何意义吗？ For example，I recently wrote an article 再举个例子，我最近写了一篇文章 In the New Yorker magazine.登在纽约客杂志上，But I can’t afford to buy an ad in it.但是也供不起我在杂志上登一个广告。

But,who cares?I don’t want an ad in the New Yorker, 但是，谁在乎？我不需要在纽约客上登广告

And most of these workers don’t really want iphones.其实，大部分的工人，也不是真的需要iphones。Their calculations are different.他们的计算方式是不同的。

How long should i stay in this factory? 我在工厂要待多久？

How much money can i save? 我能存多少钱？

How much will it take to buy an apartment or a car, 我需要多少钱才能买个房子，买辆车，To get married,or to put my child through school? 才能结婚，或者足以送我的小孩去学校？

The workers I got to know had a curiously abstract 这些我试图去了解的工人们

Relationship with the product of their labor.对他们和产品之间的联系有着很抽象的解读。About a year after I met Lu Qingmin, or Min，大概在我遇到陆青敏，也就是小敏的一年后 She invited me home to her family village 她邀请我去她农村的家做客 For the Chinese New Year。过春节。

On the train home,she gave me a present;在回家的火车上，她给了我一个礼物；

A Coach brand change purse with brown leather trim.一个棕色皮质的Coach牌零钱包。I thanked her,assuming it was fake, 我谢了她，虽然我很自然地认为这应该是个山寨的产品，Like almost everything else for sale in Dongguan.就好像东莞在出售的大部分产品一样。

After we got home,Min gave her mother another present;回家以后，小敏给了她妈妈另一个礼物： A pink Dooney&Bourke handbag, 一个Dooney&Bourke牌的粉色手提包，And a few nights later, her sister was showing off 几天以后，她的姐姐正在展示 A maroon LeSportsac shoulder bag 一个红褐色的LeSportsac 单肩包。

Slowly it was dawning on me that these handbags 慢慢地，我好像明白了

Were made by their factory，这些东西都是她们工厂生产的

And every single one of them authentic.每一件东西，都是正品

Min’s sister said to her parents, 小敏的姐姐告诉她父母

“In American,this bag sells for 320 dollars.” “在美国，这个包要卖320美金。”

Her parents, who are both farmers,looked on,speechless.她的的农民父母看了看，无言以对。

“And that’s not all--Coach is coming out with a new line, 还有，Coach 正在推出一系列新产品2191 2191，”she said，“One bag sell for 6000.” 她说：“这个好像要卖6000.”

She paused and said,”I don’t know if that’s 6000 yuan or 她停顿了一下：“我不知道是6000元人民币，还是 6000 American dollars，but anyway, it’s 6000.” 6000美元，无论如何都是6000啦。”

Min’s sister’s boyfriend,who have traveled home with her 小敏姐姐的男友也回到家 For the new year, said, 与她一起过年，“It doesn’t look like it’s worth that much.” 他说：“看起来不值这么多钱。”

Min’s sister turned to him and said,”some people actually 小敏的姐姐对他说：“有的人

Understand these things.You don’t understand shit.” 就是懂这些东西，你懂啥。”

In Min’s world, the Coach bags had a curious currency.在小敏的世界里，Coach包包有一个很奇怪的价值。They weren’t exactly worthless, but they were nothing 它们虽然不是一文不值，但是相比起它们的实际价值 Lose to the actual value,because almost no one they knew 还是相差甚远，因为他们所结识的人里面

Wanted to buy one, or knew how much it was worth.几乎没有人想要买，也没有人知道这值多少钱。Once,when Min’s older sister’s friend got married, 又一次，小敏大姐的一个朋友结婚

She brought a handbag along as a wedding present.她带着一个手提包作为给新人的礼物。Another time, after Min had already left 又一次，小敏已经离开手提包的工厂了

The handbag factory, her younger sister came to visit, 但她的小妹妹来看她的时候

Bringing two Coach Signature handbags as gifts.带了两个经典款Coach作为礼物。

and I found a printed card in English,which read, 看到一张卡片写着一些英文： “An American classic.“美国经典。

In 1941,the burnished patina 1941年那些表皮磨光的

Of an all-American baseball glove 美国棒球手套

Inspired the founder of Coach to create 启发了Coach的创始人

a new collection of handbags from the same 促使其研发了一个新系列的手提包： Luxuriously soft gloved-hand leather.奢华、柔软的表面和手套的皮质一样。

Six skilled leather workers crafted 12 Signature handbags 6名技巧纯熟的皮革工人制造12只经典款手提包 With perfect proportions and a timeless flair.他们有着精准而快速的手艺。

They were fresh，functional，and women everywhere 这些手提包新颖，具有相当的功能性，世界各地的女人都喜欢 Adored them.A new American classic was born.” 一个新的美国经典诞生了。”

I wonder what Karl Marx would have made of Min 我想知道马克思是否会被小敏 And her sisters.和她的姐妹所影响。

Their relationship with the product of their labor 她们与产品之间的关系

Was more complicated surprising and funny 更复杂、惊奇而且有趣

Than he could have imagined.这都超出他的想象。

And yet, his view of the world persists,and our tendency 但是，他对这个世界的观点没变，而我们却将 To see the workers as faceless masses, 这些工人们看成是一群上不了台面的群体，To imagine that can know what they’re really thinking.想象一下，假如我们可以了解工人们的真实想法。The first time I met Min,she had just turned 18 我第一次见到小敏的时候，她刚满18岁 And quit her first job on the assembly line 她刚刚辞去在一家电子设备工厂的 Of an electronics factory.组装生产线的工作。

Over the next two years，I watched as she switched jobs 接下来的两年，我看着她换了5次工作，Five times,eventually landing a lucrative post 最后固定在一个比较赚钱的职位

In the purchasing department of a hardware factory。是在一个硬件工厂的采购部门。

Later，she married a fellow migrant worker，不久，她嫁给了一个打工仔，Moved with him to his village，然后移居到了他的村子，Gave birth to two daughters，生了两个女儿，And saved enough money to buy a secondhand Buick 他们存够了钱给她买了一辆二手别克车

For herself and an apartment for her parents。给她的父母买了房子。

She recently returned to Dongguan on her own 最近她独自回到东莞

to take a job n a factory that makes construction cranes, 在一个起重机工厂里找了份工作，Temporarily leaving her husband and children 暂时与她村里的丈夫和孩子 Back in the village.分局两地。

In a recent email to me,she explained, 在最近的一封邮件里，她解释：

“A person should have some ambition while she id young “人们年轻的时候，应该有所抱负

So that in old age she can look back on her life 那么在他们老的时候，回首过去

And fell that it was not lived to no purpose.” 就不会觉得这一生都毫无意义。”

Across China, there are 150 million workers like her, 在中国，有1亿5千万像她一样的工人，One third of them women,who have left their villages 其中三分之一，是离乡背井的女性，To work in the factories, the hotels,the restaurants 她们在工厂、酒店、餐厅

And the construction sites of the big cities.或者是大城市的建筑工地工作。

Together, they make up the largest migration in history, 这么算来，是她们创造了历史上一个庞大的人口迁移的数字，And it is globalization, this chain that begins 而这个产业链的起点，就是“全球化”的风靡 In a Chinese farming village 从中国的农村

And end with iphones in our pockets and Nike on our feet 到最终进入我们口袋里的iphone和脚上的耐克 And Coach handbags on our arms 还有手中的Coach手提包

That has changed the way these millions of people 这改变了数百万人的

Work and marry and live and think。工作、婚姻、生活和思想。

Very few of them would want to go back 他们其中很少有人

To the way things used to be。愿意回到过去的生活。

When I first went to Dongguan, I worried that 我第一次去东莞的时候，我很担心

It would be depressing to spend so much time with workers。担心与工人相处的时间会很压抑沮丧。

I also worried that nothing would ever happen to them，我也担心他们永远不会改变，Or that they would have nothing to say to me。或者他们也没有什么能对我说的。

Instead,I found young women who were smart and funny 然而，我发现那些年轻的女性都很聪明、风趣 And brave and generous.而且勇敢、大方。

By opening up their lives to me, 通过向我展示他们的生活，They taught me so much about factories 她们教给我很多关于工厂

And about China and about how to live in the world。关于中国，以及如何生存在这个世界的道理。This is the Coach purse that Min gave me 这就是小敏在回家的火车上

On the train home to visit her family。送给我的Coach钱包。

I keep it with me to remind me of the ties that tie me 我一直保存着它，由此提醒着我与这些 To the young women I wrote about，我记录过的年轻女生的联系，Ties that are not economic but personal in nature，这些并不是因为经济而是因为个人情感的联系，Measured not in money but in memories。价值并不是在于金钱而是记忆。

This purse is also a reminder that the things that you imagine，这个钱包也是一个提醒，Sitting in your office or in the library，你坐在办公室或图书馆里时所想象的东西 Are not how you find when you actually go out 和你走出去真正接触的东西 Into the world。并不一样。Thank you。谢谢。

第四篇：TED演讲

绿色未来（A Greener Future?）

大家好，我是Zach。从本周开始，我们将开展“TED演讲主题介绍”系列，陆续为大家介绍TED演讲的各类主题，方便大家更快地找到自己喜欢的TED演讲。众所周知，TED刚刚创办时的焦点是集中在Technology（科技）, Entertainment（娱乐）和Design（设计）三方面。但随着TED的成长和知名度的增加，TED演讲所涵盖的行业也越来越广泛。为了确保读者们不会在大量的演讲中迷失了方向，TED网站贴心地将所有的演讲分门别类，归纳到不同的主题中，既方便读者们针对自己感兴趣的内容有选择地观看演讲，也便于大家观看和某一演讲相关的其他内容。

本系列的目的就是逐步地将已翻译好的主题简介带给大家，并为大家推荐相关主题下的已翻译演讲、待翻译演讲和待校对演讲。

本周为大家介绍的主题是–A Greener Future? 绿色未来

该主题在TED的网址是:

在TEDtoChina的网址是:

http:///themes/a_greener_future/

◎ 主题简介

关于环境的辩论通常被定性为经济发展和保护地球这两种势力间的较量。然而，大多数TED演讲者坚持鱼和熊掌可以兼得的观点——只要我们在处理环境问题时足够聪明。

阿尔·戈尔作为宣传气候危机的领军人，坚持人类可以通过细微处的改进以在避免灾难的同时保持经济的活跃发展。建筑师威廉·麦克多纳向人们展现了伟大设计的力量，它作用在整个文明体系上，而不仅仅是针对局部领域，并能持久地担负起丰富的未来。马约拉·卡特谈及了她为曾陷入腐化的的纽约南布隆克斯区带来绿色生机的工程。

爱德华·伯汀斯基关于环境损害和经济发展的异常精致的摄影作品记录了人类发展从未停滞的脚步。而生物学家爱德华·奥斯伯·威尔森向我们分享了他最大的心愿——人类社会团结起来保护地球上的生命。

◎ 演讲者推荐

阿尔·戈尔(Al Gore)：美国政治人物，曾于1993年至2001年间在比尔·克林顿掌政时担任美国第四十五任副总统。其后升为一名国际上著名的环境学家，由

于在环球气候变化与环境问题上的贡献受到国际的肯定，因而与政府间气候变化专门委员会共同获得2007诺贝尔和平奖。

珍·古道尔(Jane Goodall)：英国生物学家、动物行为学家和著名动物保育人士。珍·古道尔长期致力于黑猩猩的野外研究，并取得丰硕成果。她的工作纠正了许多学术界对黑猩猩这一物种长期以来的错误认识，揭示了许多黑猩猩社群中鲜为人知的秘密。除了对黑猩猩的研究，珍·古道尔还热心投身于环境教育和公益事业，由她创建并管理的珍·古道尔研究会（国际珍古道尔协会）是著名民间动物保育机构，在促进黑猩猩保育、推广动物福利、推进环境和人道主义教育等领域进行了很多卓有成效的工作，由珍·古道尔研究会创立的根与芽是目前全球最活跃的面向青年的环境教育计划之一。由于珍·古道尔在黑猩猩研究和环境教育等领域的杰出贡献，她在 1995年获英国女王伊丽莎白二世荣封为皇家女爵士，在2002年获颁联合国和平使者。

（演讲者简介来自维基百科）

◎ 部分已翻译演讲（简体中文）推荐：

1.阿尔·戈尔关于避免气候危机的演讲

“此次演讲流露出的幽默感和人道主义跟在他的纪录电影”难以忽视的真相“如出一辙，戈尔阐明了15种应对气候危机立马有效的方法而且简单易行，从购买混合动力产品到发明新产品替代碳排放产品，使“全球温室效应”更加深入人心。”

2.阿力克斯·史蒂芬看望可持续发展的未来

“阿力克斯·史蒂芬是“改变世界”（Worldchanging.com）网站的创建人，他在这个演讲中指出，减低人类生态足迹在当下之意义尤为巨大，原因在于西方那一套生活方式将不能推广到发展中国家，因为那样将消耗大量的资源。(因为西方的那一套生活方式正逐步推广到发展中国家，进一步加剧着资源的大量消耗。)”

3.Willie Smits 修复雨林

透过复杂的生态学，生物学家Willie Smits发掘一个重新植林的快捷方式，在婆罗洲救回了许多栖息于当地的红毛猩猩，进而创造出一个得以修复脆弱生态系统的蓝图。

4.William McDonough 谈「从摇篮到摇篮」理念

致力于环保的建筑师兼设计师 William McDonough 问，如果设计师心系所有子孙、所有物种、直到永远，我们的建筑及产品会是什么样子？

5.查尔斯·摩尔：塑料充斥的海洋

查尔斯·摩尔船长是Algalita海洋研究基金会的创始人，他第一次发现了大太平洋垃圾带——一片无边无际漂浮着塑料垃圾的海域。现在，他为我们讲述大海面临的日益严重的塑料碎片污染问题。

◎ 待校对演讲（简体中文）推荐

1.Carl Honore praises slowness

“Journalist Carl Honore believes the Western world’s emphasis on speed erodes health, productivity and quality of life.But there’s a backlash brewing, as everyday people start putting the brakes on their all-too-modern lives.”

2.Kamal Meattle on how to grow fresh air

Researcher Kamal Meattle shows how an arrangement of three common houseplants, used in specific spots in a home or office building, can result in measurably cleaner indoor air.以上就是这个星期的TED主题介绍。希望大家能从上面的演讲中有所收获。大家也可以点击这里的网址来查看所有该主题下演讲的翻译进度（简体中文和繁体中文）。

如果大家对此专栏有何建议的话，欢迎大家在下面留言，或是电邮至OTP at TEDtoChina dot com

我们下期再见。

第五篇：Ted演讲

Ralph Langner谈21世纪电子武器Stuxnet揭密

关于这场演讲

Stuxnet计算机蠕虫于2010年首次被发现，带来了令人费解的谜团。除了它不寻常且高度复杂的编码以外，还隐藏着一个更令人不安的谜团：它的攻击目标。Ralph Langner及其团队协助破解Stuxnet编码，找出这个数字弹头的最终攻击目标－以及其幕后源头。经使用计算机数字鉴识方法深入检视后，他解释了其运作原理。

关于Ralph Langner

Ralph Langner是德国控制系统的安全顾问。他对Stuxnet恶意软件的分析受到全球瞩目。

为什么要听他演讲

Ralph Langner为独立网络安全公司Langner的领导者，专营控制系统－监控和调控其它设备的电子装置，如生产设备。这些装置与运作我们城市和国家的基础设施有密切关系，这使它们逐渐成为一场新兴且具高度复杂型态的电子战争攻击目标。自2010年起，当Stuxnet计算机蠕虫首次现身时，Langner坚决地投身于这个战场。

身为致力于译码这个神秘程序的一份子，Langner和他的团队分析Stuxnet的数据结构，并找出他认为其最终的攻击目标：运行于核工厂离心机的控制系统软件－特别是伊朗的核工厂。Langner进一步分析，发现Stuxnet可能的幕后源头，并于TED2011演讲中透露这个秘密。

Ralph Langner的英语网上资料

网站：Langner

[TED科技‧娱乐‧设计]

已有中译字幕的TED影片目录（繁体）（简体）。请注意繁简目录是不一样的。

Ralph Langner谈21世纪电子武器Stuxnet揭密

Stuxnet计算机蠕虫背后的想法其实很简单，我们不希望伊朗造出原子弹，他们发展核武器的主要资产是纳坦兹的浓缩铀工厂，你们看到的灰色方块是实时控制系统，现在，如果我们设法破坏控制速度和阀门的驱动系统，我们事实上可以使离心机产生很多问题。这些灰色方块无法执行Windows软件，两者是完全不同的技术，但如果我们设法将一个有效的Windows病毒放进一台笔记本电脑里，由一位机械工程师操作，设定这个灰色方块，那么我们就可以着手进行了，这就是Stuxnet大致背景。

因此，我们从Windows释放程序开始，让病毒载体进入灰色方块中，破坏离心机，延迟伊朗的核计划，任务完成，很简单，对吧？我想说明我们是如何发现这个的，当我们在半年前开始研究Stuxnet时，对这个东西的攻击目标一无所知，唯一了解的是它在Windows的部份非常、非常复杂，释放程序部份使用多个零日漏洞，它似乎想要做些什么，用这些灰色方块，这些实时控制系统，因此，这引起我们的注意，我们开始了一个实验计划，我们用Stuxnet感染我们的系统并审视结果，然后一些非常有趣的事发生了。Stuxnet表现得像只白老鼠，不喜欢我们的奶酪，闻一闻，但不想吃。这根本没道里。之后，我们用不同口味的奶酪进行实验，我意识到，哦，这是一个直接攻击，完全直接的。释放程序在这些灰

色方块中有效的潜伏着，如果它发现了一个特定程序组态，甚至是它正试图感染的程序，它都会确实针对这个目标执行，如果没发现，Stuxnet就不起作用。

所以这真的引起了我的注意，我们开始进行这方面的工作，几乎日以继夜，因为我想，好吧，我们不知道它的目标是什么，很可能的，比方说美国的发电厂，或德国的化工厂，所以我们最好尽快找出目标。因此，我们抽出攻击代码并进行反编译，我们发现它的结构由两个数字炸弹组成，一个较小、一个较大。我们也看到，这是非常专业的设计，由显然知道所有内幕信息的人编写，他们知道所有必需攻击的位和字节，搞不好他们还知道控制员的鞋子尺寸，因此他们什么都知道。

如果你曾听过Stuxnet的释放程序，是复杂、高科技的，让我跟你们说明一下。病毒本身是很高科技没错，比我们曾见过的任何编码都高深，这是这个实际攻击代码的样本，我们谈论的是大概15,000行的代码，看起来很像旧式的汇编语言。我想告诉你们的是，我们如何能够理解这段代码，所以，我们首先要寻找的是系统的函数调用，因为我们知道它们的作用是什么。

然后，我们寻找时间控制器和数据结构，试图将其与真实世界连结起来，寻找现实世界中的潜在目标，因此我们必需进行目标推测，以便确认或排除。为了找到推测目标，我们想到，它必定具有绝对破坏性，必定是一个高价值目标，最可能设置在伊朗，因为这是大部份感染发生的地点。在这区域内你不会找到几千个目标，基本上范围可以缩小为布什尔核电厂及纳坦兹浓缩铀工厂。

所以我告诉我的助手，“列出我们客户中所有离心机和核电厂专家的名单”，我打电话给他们，听取他们的意见，努力用我们在代码和数据中的发现与他们的专业知识做对照。这很有效，因此，我们找出了这个小数字弹头与转子控制的关联，转子是离心机内部的运转零件，就是你们看到的这个黑色物体，如果控制这个转子的速度，事实上你就能使转子损坏，甚至最后使离心机爆炸。我们也看到了这次攻击的目标，实际上进行的相当缓慢、低调，显然为了达成目标，快把维修工程师逼疯了，因为他们无法迅速找出答案。

这个大数字弹头－我们做过尝试，非常仔细检查数据和数据结构，因此，例如数字164在这些代码中确实很突出，你不能忽视它。我开始研究科学文献，这些离心机如何在纳坦兹组建，并找出它们的结构，就是所谓的层级。每个层级由164台离心机组成，这就说的通了，与我们的结果匹配。

而它甚至更有帮助。这些在伊朗的离心机细分为15种所谓的等级，你猜我们在攻击代码中发现什么？一个几乎相同的结构。所以，同样的，这与结果完美匹配，就我们所寻找的东西来说，这给了我们相当大的信心。别误解我的意思，不是像这样弹指之间，为了获致这些成果，历经几星期相当艰苦的奋斗，我们常常走进死胡同，必需重新来过。

总之，我们找到了这两个数字弹头，实际上是针对同一个目标，但从不同角度。小弹头对准一个层级，让转子加速旋转然后急遽减速，而大弹头影响六个层级并操纵阀门，总之，我们非常有信心，我们已经确认目标是什么，是纳坦兹，就只有纳坦兹。因此，我们不必担心其它目标可能被Stuxnet攻击。

我们看到一些非常酷的东西，真的让我印象深刻。下方是灰色方块，顶端你们看到的是离心机，这些东西所做的是拦截来自传感器的输入值，例如，来自压力传感器和振动传感器的，它提供正常代码，在攻击中依然执行，用的是假的输入数

据。事实上，这个假的输入数据是Stuxnet事先录制的，因此，这就像来自好莱坞电影的抢劫过程中，监视器被放入预录的影片，酷吧？

这里的想法显然不仅是愚弄控制室中的操作者，实际上更加危险且更具攻击性，这个想法是规避数字安全系统。我们需要数字安全系统，当一位人类操作员的行动不够快时，因此，例如在一座核电厂中，当一台大蒸汽涡轮机严重超速时，你必须在一毫秒内打开泄压阀。显然，一位人类操作员办不到，因此，这就是我们需要使用数字安全系统之处。当它们被破坏，真正糟糕的事就会发生了，你的工厂会爆炸，无论你的操作员或安全系统都无法注意到这一点，这很可怕。

但还会更糟。我要说的这些相当重要，想想看，这种攻击是一般性的，它没什么特定性，对离心机来说，还有浓缩铀，因此，它也会作用于，例如一座核电厂或一座汽车工厂，它是通用的，你不需要－身为攻击者，你不需要藉由USB装置传递这个病毒载体，如我们在Stuxnet例子中看到的，你也可以使用传统的蠕虫病毒技术的来散播，尽可能传播四方。如果你这么做，最终它会变成具大规模破坏性的网络武器，这是我们必然会面临的后果。所以，不幸的是，这种攻击最大量的目标并不是在中东，而是在美国、欧洲和日本。因此，所有这些绿色区域就是遭受最多攻击的目标，我们必须面对这个后果，我们最好现在开始做准备。

谢谢。

（掌声）

Chris Anderson：我有个问题，Ralph，这件事已广为人知，人们认为摩萨德（以色列情报机构）是幕后的主要推手，你也这么认为吗？

Ralph Langner：好，你真的想知道吗？

Chris Anderson：是啊!

Ralph Langner：好，我的看法是，摩萨德有参与，但以色列并非领导势力。因此，背后的主导力量是网络超级大国，只有一个，就是美国。幸好、幸好，因为如果不是这样，我们的问题可能更大。

CA：谢谢你吓坏了美国人，谢谢Ralph。