第一篇：常用钻井作业英语语句
常用钻井作业英语语句
The rigging up is finished.钻机已安装完毕
Let’s start to check and test the rig.现在开始检查和调试钻机
All the operation should be done per normal procedures.所有操作都应该按正规程序进行
It is not allowed to work on the rig floor without helmet on.不戴安全帽不许上钻台工作
The safety belt should be fastened when working on the derrick.上井架工作必须系好安全带
Wine drinking is not allowed before going to work.上班前不许喝酒
Spud in will begin at about one o’clock in the afternoon.大约下午1：00可以开钻
For the first spud in, penetration rate is 160 and weight on the bit is two thousand pounds.一开采用钻速160，钻压2000磅
Use both pumps with 100strokes per minute and pressure of 6 MPa.开双泵，泵冲100，泵压6兆帕
Do a dummy trip after single joint drilling until the first spud in finished.打完单根划眼一次，直到打完一开
Circulate for one and half hours before pulling out.循环一个半小时再起钻
Report at once if any unusual case occurred.如有特殊情况，要马上报告
Control the running speed when going in the hole.下钻要控制下放速度
Be careful not to make free fall and hurt anyone.当心顿钻和伤人
Don’t force to run in with too more weight for a tight hole.如遇阻，不许硬压
See if any mud overflow on the screen.观察振动筛有无跑泥浆现象
We need to change the screen at once.现在需要马上换筛布
Record it carefully.认真作好记录
Don’t make false record.不许作假资料
Do a deviation survey every 100-metre interval.每钻进100米测斜一次
Move the drill string frequently.勤活动钻具 The result of deviation survey has to be informed to supervisor in time.将测斜结果及时汇报监督
Don’t apply excessive torque.扭矩不要过大
No forced pulling out is allowed.不许强提
The string has been moved up and down several times, but it doesn’t work.已经提放多次，未见效果
Connect kelly and do a backreaming.接方钻杆，倒划眼
Make a mark for sticking point on the drill pipe.在钻杆上作卡点记号
Be careful not to twist off the drill string.当心扭断钻具
Don’t act at your disposal without supervisor’s consent.未得到监督的许可，不许乱来
Don’t make up b rotary table while running in.下钻时，不许用转盘上扣
Make up and tighten by both tongs.用双钳紧扣
Check all the precaution measures.对所有防范措施作一次检查
Do a blow out prevention exercise.作一次防喷演习
It approaches the pay zone based on depth.按深度，现在快接近油气层了
Make a record of pump pressure at one third of normal rate.作好正常排量三分之一的泵压记录
Gat ready to kill the well.作好压井准备
The brake blocks need to be changed.该更换刹车片了
Check the fluctuation of mud level whenever 20 strings pulled out.每起钻20柱，要核对泥浆的升降情况
Your day rate will be deducted in such a case.这样下去，要扣你们的日费
The daily maintenance will be done for less than 15 minutes.日保养时间不得超过15分钟
The weight on the bit has to be increased now.现需加大钻压
There is some trouble in the borehole.Don’t leave the rig floor.井下出现复杂情况，不要离开钻台
We are waiting for the completion of service and equipment maintenance.我们在等措施和检修设备 Run the string for the second spud in to the cement plug.将二开钻具下到水泥塞处
The borehole is in real good shape.井下已畅通无阻
Please help me to clean the mud tank.请帮我将泥浆罐清洗干净
Fill up the tank with water, then prepare the mud.罐内放满水后，配泥浆
Tighten all the screws when installing the wellhead.安装井口时，上紧各螺丝
See if there is any leakage on the wellhead.看看井口有没有泄露现象
Put these tools in good order.把这些工具整理好
Don’t put these tools here.不要把这些工具放在这
There is a noise while this machine is running.这台机器运转时有杂音
We have to shut down it to check the cause.应当停车，检查原因
The pump pressure is fluctuating, what can I do? 泵压忽高忽低，该怎么办？
The string has to be pull out at once to see what’s wrong.必须马上起钻
Run the string in the hole now.现在下钻
Start the circulation.开始打循环
Make a connection.接单根
Start to break out the pipe.开始卸扣
First, connect the guide shoe and the casing shoe.先接好引鞋和套管鞋
All the joints should be coated with thread compound.所有接头都要涂上螺纹脂
Run a centralizer every two joints of casing.每隔一根套管下一个扶正器
No one is allowed to be on the rig floor except the driller.除司钻外，其他人不许上钻台
The person in charge of water delivery for cementing water tank is not allowed to leave his job.固井水罐负责打水的人不许脱岗
Put the wellhead in tight place after removing the cementing head and manifold.卸水泥头及管汇后，将井口拉正 Close the blind ram.关全封闭闸板。
It is required to keep pressure for 5minutes 要求5分钟不卸压。
Open the pipe ram and test all the valves for killing.打开半封，试各个压井阀。
All the tests are acceptable.所有试压都合格。
Lift the kelly out from rotary table.将方钻杆提出盘面。
This pressure will be the basis for well shut in and killing in case blowing out.今后井喷以此压力为关井和压井的依据。
Clean and measure the casing carefully.要仔细地清洗和丈量套管。
Fill up with mud every 5 joints of casing when running surface casing.下表层套管时，每5根套管罐满一次泥浆。
Shut down the pump after one meter drilled.钻进一米后，停泵。
Please assist the logging crew to lift logging tools.请配合测井人员吊仪器。
Ensure safety in operation and don’t act rashly.注意安全，不要蛮干。
Use safety and reliable rope socket.要使用安全可靠的绳套。
Be sure to use guideline when lift any weights.吊重物一定要有牵引绳。
Water has been run out on the well site.Please notify for water supply.井上水已用光，请通知送水。
Drill with parameters as required.要按照规定参数钻进。
When the first time to pull out the pipe from the hole, attention should be paid to sticking and forced pulling.第一次起钻时，要注意防卡及拔活塞。
Tell the mud engineer in time if mud property changed.泥浆性能有变化，及时报告泥浆工程师。
Violator will be dismissed.违者将被开除。
The pump rate and weight on the bit should be indicated in the record.记录上要标明排量和钻压。
Walking under the rotation radius of crane boom is prohibited.吊臂旋转半径下，禁止人行走。
We have to try to get the gas to the open pit over there.咱们得想办法把气引到那边的土坑去。We can’t do any drilling on the rig floor now, please give your instruction.钻台已无法工作，请指示。
These materials have to be prevented against moisture and sunshine.这些材料要注意防潮和防晒。
Get the fishing tools ready, this shift is expected to do fishing.把打捞工具准备好，这一班可能要打捞作业。
I think that the bit’s gone.我估计是钻头磨光了。
It was changed last shift.上一班刚换完的钻头。
Get me the mud man, quickly.给我把泥浆工叫来，快点。
The hole is getting tight.井眼有点遇阻。
What’s the bottoms up.泥浆返回时间有多长？
We’ll give it three hours and see.过三小时再看吧。
We’ve pulled out and stacked the pipe.已起完钻，把钻杆都排放好了。
Set the kelly in the rathole.将方钻杆放在鼠洞里。
The toolpusher is fishing a cutter.大班正在打捞落鱼，那是一个牙轮。
There is nothing wrong with the generator.发电机没有问题。
I don’t think we have to worry, let’s go ahead to make hole.我看不用担心了，继续钻吧。
Is it circulating now? 正在循环泥浆么？ bottles of the mud sample should be taken.泥浆样必须取5瓶。
This is the design requirement.这是设计书上要求的。
I am adjusting the instrument now.我现在调试仪器。
The pump pressure declined slowly from 46 MPa at 3:20 to 1.7 MPa at 5:35 泵压由3：20的16兆帕至5：35缓慢下降到1.7兆帕。
I think that the drilling tool is eroded, we’d better pull it out.我想钻具刺了，建议起钻。
Screen display shows that the drilling string was not well braked just now.根据屏幕显示，刚才溜钻了。
It may be a kick, because the volume and flow rate of drilling fluid in the pit increased.泥浆池的体积增大，流量增大，可能是井涌。A lost circulation may be occurred according to the parameters display.根据参数显示可能发生井涌。
There are always tours of inspection arranged in each shift.我们每班都要进行巡回检查。
It is the request of supervisor.这是监督的要求。
The design depth of the well is 3000 meter.这口井的设计井深是3000米。
The coal bed will be encountered at 2500 meter.2500米会遇到煤层。
Are you ready for spud in at 8:00 this evening? 今晚8点整开钻你们准备好了么？
The drilling tool should be measured precisely.请准确丈量钻具。
Please measure drilling collar first, then drilling pipe.先量钻铤，再量钻杆。
The drilling operation should be stopped at once, once oil & gas showing is found during drilling.钻进期间，突遇油气显示，请立即停钻。
Excuse me, please tell me the well depth at present.打扰一下，请告诉我目前的井深。
The casing running is finished and the cementing units have arrived at well site.套管下完了，固井车已到达现场。
常用词汇
accumulator anchor annular back off bailer bent sub blowout preventer box brake breakout cable cathead cat line chain tong cone core coupling crossover sub 储能器 锚 环空
卸开、倒扣 捞筒 弯接头 防喷器 母接头 刹车 卸开
电缆、绳索 猫头 猫头绳 链钳 牙轮
岩心、取心 接箍 转换接头
crown block dead line degasser derrick desander desilter drawworks drift gauge drum elevator
elevator links external upset fast line flow line foundation girder hook hose
天车 死绳 除气器 井架 除砂器 除泥器 绞车 通径规 滚筒 吊卡 吊环 外加厚 快绳
返出管线 基础 钢梁 大钩 水龙带 hydraulic tongs jack jar junk junk basket belly bushing liner live line location lost circulation make up master bushing mesh mouse hole mud pump mud saver nozzle pin pipe rack pipe setback pit pump liner racking board ram rat hole reducing nipple relief valve rig downtime roller bit rotary round trip screen cloth shaker slip solid control spent mud spinner spinning line spool stab stand stand pipe swivel throttle manifold 液压大钳 千斤顶 震击器 金属小落物 打捞篮 方钻杆补心 衬管 活绳 井位 井漏 上扣
转盘方补心 筛号、目 小鼠洞 钻井泵 泥浆防溅盒 喷嘴
接头、销子 管架 立柱盒 泥浆池 泵钢套 二层平台 防喷器芯子 大鼠洞 异径接头 安全阀 停钻时间 牙轮钻头 转盘
一次起下钻 筛布 振动筛 卡瓦 固相控制 废浆 旋接器 旋绳 四通 入扣 立柱 立管 水龙头 节流管汇
tie back 套管回接 toolhouse 工具房 tool joint 钻杆接头 torque gauge 扭矩表 total well time 建井周期 travelling block 游车 turbodrill 涡轮钻具 up-hole time 上返时间 washover
套洗 weight indicator 指重表
wireline 绳索、钢丝绳bit position 钻头位置 hook load
大钩负载 pump pressure 泵压 mud density
泥浆密度 mud temperature 泥浆温度 pump start time 开泵时间 depth out 起出井深 depth in
下入井深 background gas 背景气 rate penetration 钻时 heavy load 载重 bit cost 钻头成本 drilling cost 钻井成本 workover rig 修井机 well testing truck 试井车 pumping equipment 泵注设备 fracturing equipment 压裂设备 acidizing truck
酸化车 fluid supply pump truck 供液车 balancing pump truck平衡泵车 transfer pump 输液车 sand dumper 砂罐车 acid tank truck 酸罐车 manifold truck
管汇车 instrumentation van 仪表车
coiled-tubing truck
连续油管车 liquid nitrogen pump truck 液氮泵车 separator
分离器 sand concentrator 砂浓缩器 sand conveyer
输砂器
well-head protector 井口保护器 ball injector 投球器 metering tank
计量罐
piston plunger safety valve lifting lug/ring operating mechanism pneumatic brake system guardrail derrick substructure/base runaround guard of crown spring hook shank safety latch sprocket driving shaft bearing pipe tongs tongs gate elevator pin split pin hand lever elevator pin rod elevator check valve pin & box cone releasing slip socket safety joint milling sleeve catchall strong magnetic fisher hydraulic anchor tensiometer 入井材料和化学剂
quartz sand bauxite acid solution stabilizer clay stabilizer corrosion inhitor emulsion breaker/demulsifier emulsion inhibior
活塞 pressure gauge 柱塞 density meter 安全阀 flow meter 吊环 pressure sensor 操纵机构
slide gauge 气控制动系统 caliper 护栏 steel ruler 井架底座 steel tape 二层平台 casing gauge 天车护罩 casing scraper 弹簧 lead stamp
大钩颈 foam extinguisher 保险销 fire extinguisher 链轮 spanner
主动轴 high pressure pup joint 轴承 tee
管钳 plug cock
大钳 butterfly valve 活门吊卡 blanking cap 销子 elbow
开口销 discharge hose 手柄 suction hose 吊卡销子 fluid end 抽油杆吊卡 power end
单向阀 lubrication pump 公、母锥
fuel tank 可退式卡瓦打捞筒 control panel 安全接头 transfer case
套铣筒 P.T.O-power take-off 一把抓
transmission
强磁打捞器 liquid additive pump 水力锚 dry additive pump 拉力计
石英砂 retarding agent/retardant 陶粒 defoamer 酸液 surfactant
稳定剂
friction reducer 粘土稳定剂 iron stabilizer 缓蚀剂 hydrofluoric 破乳剂 fluorboric acid 防乳剂
gel
压力表 密度计 流量计 压力传感器 游标卡尺 卡钳 钢板尺 钢卷尺 套管规 套管刮削器 铅模
泡沫灭火器 灭火器 扳手
高压短节 三通 旋塞阀 蝶阀 盲堵头 弯头
排出软管 吸入软管 液力端 动力端 润滑泵 油箱
操作面板 分动箱 动力输出端 传动箱
液体添加剂泵干粉添加剂泵
缓速剂 消泡剂 表面活性剂 降阻剂
铁离子稳定剂氢硼酸 氟硼酸 冻胶
brine water-based fracturing fluid oil-based fracturing fluid treatment fluid 油田术语
TP-testing pressure pump efficiency grease conventional well testing data acquisition and recording the distance from rotary table to spool the distance from rotary table to casing head sampling for oil and gas heavy crude sulphurous fracture pressure middle depth of reservoir fracturing design friction fracturing method lost circulation sanding in fish operating procedure operation rule quality standard operation data pin thread
盐水
水基压裂液 油基压裂液 处理液
试验压力 泵效率 黄油 常规试油 资料录取 油补距
套补距
取油、气样 稠油 含硫 破裂压力
油层中部深度 压裂设计 摩阻 压裂方式 井漏 砂卡 井下落物 操作步骤 操作规程 质量标准 施工资料 公扣
workover fluid IN-liquid nitrogen guar gum polymer
box thread thread cross link mesh WP-working pressure mini fracture foam fracture tubing conveyed perforating perforation density bottom hole fracturing pressure(BHFP)shut in pressure cell head pressure annulus pressure tubing pressure casing pressure producing pressure friction pressure back pressure fracturing gradient geological structure interval dolomite gas-oil ratio
修井液 液氮 瓜胶 聚合物
母扣 螺纹 交联 目数 工作压力 小型(测试)压力泡沫压裂 油管传输射孔
射孔密度 井底破裂压力
关井压力 井口压力 环空压力 油管压力 套管压力 生产压力 摩阻压力 回压 压裂梯度 地质构造 层段 白云岩 油气比
第二篇：钻井英语实用语句
1.What’s the matter with you? What’s the something wrong with you? 你怎么啦？
2.How are you feeling now? 你现在感觉怎么样？I’m much better.好多了。
3.Have you checked the fire alarm system? 消防警报系统检查过了吗？It was checked yesterday.是昨天检查过的。
4.How often do you hold the fire drill? 你们多久做一次消防演习？Once a month.每月一次。
5.The first is safety, the second is work.安全第一，工作第二。
6.The safety precaution must be reinspected.必须再检查一下安全措施。
7.It’s just a mosquito bite.There’s nothing to worry about.这只是蚊子咬的，没什么可担心的。
8.If there occurs any trouble with the new machine, please let us know immediately.如果这台新机器有故障，请立即通知我们。
9.What time do you start to work every day.你们每天几点上班？
10.Where does he work? He works in a drilling crew.他在哪儿上班？他在一个井队工作。
11.You’re hired.When can you start working? Tomorrow I can.你已被雇用，什么时候能开始工作？明天就可以。
12.How long do you work every day? We work eight hours.你们每天工作多久？我们每天工作8小时。
13.What time does he do this work? 他什么时候做这个工作。
14.Are you free tomorrow morning? I shall not have time tomorrow morning, but I shall come at two in the afternoon.15.How long will you stay there? 你要在那里呆多久？How long will he live in the wellsite？他要在井上住多久？
16.What bit shall we use next time? 下一次我们将用什么钻头？
17.He is not working on the drillfloor.He’s working in the engine house.现在他不在钻台上工作，他在机房工作。
18.Did you clean all the equipment? 你们清洗了全部设备吗？
19.Where are the roughnecks? They are all working on the drillfloor.钻工们上哪儿去了？他们都在钻台上干活。
20.Is he using this wrench? He’s not using this wrench.He’s using that one.他在用这把扳手吗？他没用这把，他在用那把。
21.Who will be taking over the maintenance work? 谁来接替保养工作。
22.Those floormen found the task quite difficult to carry out.那些钻工发现那项任务很难执行。
23.What would the main problems be in the installation of the rig set? 在安装这套钻机时会有哪些主要问题。
24.Let’s start at o once and have done with it.让我们立刻动手，把它办好。
25.Can you get the work done tomorrow morning? 明天上午你们能做完这项工作吗？
26.You have to change your method of operation.你们必须改变你们的操作方法。
27.How do you start these engines? 你们怎么启动这些柴油机。
28.Do you need any more diesel oil? No more.你们还需要柴油吗？不需要了。
29.What’s the trouble with the heater? 加热器出了什么故障？
30.What time do we start this engine? This engine will be starting to run in half an hour.我们什么时候启动这台柴油机？
31.Do you have difficulties with starting the engine? 启动柴油机你有什么困难吗？
32.Do you know how to take care of the engine? 你知道怎样照看这台柴油机吗？
33.Do you know how to adjust high pressure fuel pump? No, I can’t now.Would you tell me how to adjust it?
34.This kind of engine uses four times more fuel than that kind does.这种柴油机的耗油量比那一种多三倍。
35.We’ll have to trip the pipe.We’ll have to run the pipe back in.我们该起钻了。我们必须下钻。
36.I’ll have to ask the driller for permission to do that.为做那件事我有必要征得司钻的同意。
37.What time are you going to spud in? 你们打算什么时候开钻？
38.How long have you drilled this well? Maybe one month.这口井你们已经钻多久了？有一个月了。
39.How many wells have you drilled in this area? 你们在这个地区已经打了几口井？
40.When will you finish drilling this well? 你们什么时候能钻完这口井？
41.I’m sure that we should have drilled the well next month.我相信，下个月我们能打完这口井。
42.How long have they drilled that well? 那口井他们打多久了？
43.They have been drilling that well for more than a year.那口井他们已经钻了一年多了。
44.Do you know what time to spud in? When to spud in hasn’t been decided yet.你知道什么时候开钻吗？什么时候开钻还没决定
45.Do you keep the pump on all the time? 你想让泵总开着吗？
46.What is happening to the mud pump? It needs to change a piston.泥浆泵出了什么故障？需要换个活塞。
47.How does this pump work now? It is not working well.这台泵现在运转怎么样？这台泵现在运转不好。
48.What was the driller doing, when you repaired the pump? 我们修泵的时候，他在活动钻具。
49.When are you going to have repaired the pump? Before running in hole.你们打算什么时候把泵修好？下钻之前。
50.Which one is better of the two pumps? 这两台泵哪一台好些？
51.How long will it take you to have repaired the pump? 你们需要多长时间才能把泵修好。
52.Do have the two pumps repaired in ten days.Otherwise we won’t be able to spud in on time.一定要在十天内把这两台
泵修好，否则我们就不能按时开钻。
53.You should take our advices.Please reinspected the mud pumps!你们应当接受我们的意见，请再把泵检查一下！
54.The photo of the mud pump liner has taken well.泥浆泵缸套这张照片拍得好。
55.What time are we going to pull out of hole? 我们准备什么时候起钻？
56.Do you know what time to run in hole? 你知道什么时候下钻吗？
57.What have you been doing these two days? 这两天你们都做了什么？
58.What work shall we do today? Today our work is to pull out of hole.今天我们做什么？今天我们的工作就是起钻。
59.Could you tell me how to pull out of hole? 你能告诉我怎样起钻吗？
60.It looks like pulling out of hole.看来要起钻了。
61.Now pull out of hole, please!Now run in hole, please!Make up a joint, please!现在起钻。现在请下钻。请接一个单根。
62.Would you lend me your instruction book of the equipment? That’s all right.把你的设备说明书借给我好吗？没问题。
63.Would you tell us how to operate the machine? Of course.你可以告诉我们怎样操作这台机器吗？当然可以。
64.Do you have any reference materials? 你有什么参考资料吗？
65.More new techniques will be developed in the future.今后还要发展更多的新技术。
66.To master drilling technique is very important for drilling workers.掌握钻井技术对钻井工人是十分重要的。
67.In order to be able to do work well in the future, we must learn English hard now.为了今后能做好工作，我们现在必须努力。
68.Knowing English is important to our work.懂英语对我们的工作是重要的。
69.This is the newest technique for drilling a well in this area.在这个地区，这是最新的钻井技术。
70.What you need is more practice.你现在需要的是多实践。
71.It’s necessary that a good drilling engineer should know foreign languages.一个好的钻井工程师有必须懂几门外语。
72.The rapid development of drilling technology requires that a drilling engineer have a comprehensive basic knowledge in
the technical field.钻井技术的快速发展，要求钻井工程师在技术领域内具有全面的基础知识。
73.Once necessary, you must recheck the results of the experiment.如果有必要的话，你得将实验结果再核对一遍。
74.They are trying to get the data together about these wells.他们正在设法收集这些井的资料。
75.You have to make yourself understood in English.你得让人听懂你讲的英语。
76.We should take English to be a useful means for drilling work.我们应当把英语当做钻井工作的一种有用的工具。
77.It will take us two months to translate this instruction book.我们将用两个月的时间翻译这本说明书。
78.We should acquaint ourselves with this advanced technique.我们应当使自己熟悉这项先进技术。
79.How many barrels of oil in a ton of oil? There are 7.3 barrels of oil in a ton.一吨油是多少桶？是7.3桶。
80.Do you really want to know what I think? 你真的要知道我的想法吗？
①分数的读法:1/2 one half或a half1/3 one third1/4 one fourth或one quarter2/3 two thirds1/27 onetwenty-seventh5/16 five sixteenths24/49 twenty-four forty-ninths11/2 one and a half44/5 four andfor fifths百分数读作Per cent(P.C.)千分数读作per mill(P.M.)
②小数的读法：0.5 zero point five0.04 zero point O four0.004 zero point OO four12.564 twelve point five six four
第三篇：国际钻井作业英语情景会话
国际钻井作业英语情景会话
内容提要
随着国内、外钻井市场的不断拓展，国外钻井和国内反承包钻井服务对既懂专业技术又会专业英语的工程技术人员和技术工人的需求不断增加，而目前我国石油工程技术人员专业英语的对话能力存在不足，在实施钻井作业过程中常常由于语言障碍，使得甲、乙双方工程技术人员；技术工人和当地雇工出现交流困难，导致作业施工不畅，双方合作难尽人意。鉴于上述原因，本书作者借助在国外钻井队、项目组从事多年现场翻译的工作经验，特别是同甲方现场监督和当地雇工的协同工作经验，精心编写了以钻井作业现场为背景的石油工程英语情景会话。本书约40万字，分9个场景分别对钻井作业的施工过程进行全方位的描述，包括基础英语、钻前工程、井间搬迁、甲方HSE官员和监督的开钻验收、钻井施工作业、固井施工作业、完井施工作业、录井施工作业、井控作业（理论）等情景会话（90%为对话），具有很强的针对性及实用性，对已在国外工作的、即将赴国外工作的或在国内反承包钻井作业中的工程技术人员和技术工人均有帮助。通过对本书的学习，掌握书中对话，能够较好地、很快地适应现场作业工作。
本书对石油院校的在校生也大有帮助，通过学习、了解书中对石油工程生产过程的描述，可以全面地、系统地了解石油工程的日常工作流程，从而获得石油、天然气生产工艺流程中钻井施工作业全过程和整体概念，为毕业后尽快溶入生产第一线打下牢固的基础。
Petroleum Engineering English At Well-site CONTENTS I.Meeting at First Time & Greeting……………..1初次见面及问候
II.Inspection of Site Construction………………..16
钻前工程验收
III.Rig Move And Equipment Installation…………..2钻井搬迁及设备安装
IV.Equipment(Spudding)Inspection………………32
设备（开钻）验收
V.Drilling Operation…………………………………51
钻井作业
VI.Cement Job………………………………………10
3固井作业
VII.Completion Job…………………………………..121
完井作业
VIII.Mud Logging Operation…………………………136
录井作业
IX.Well Control & Drill Procedures………………..189
井控措施及防喷演习程序
X.Reading Material—Drilling Program…………..286
阅读材料—钻井作业程序
Chapter I.Meeting at First Time & Greeting 初次见面及问候
Wang Xiao-yu just graduated from the South-west PetroleumInstitute, and was assigned to be the practice technician of No.17 Great Wall Drilling Crew.王小雨刚从西南石油学院毕业，分配到长城17钻井队当实习技术员。
It was the first day that he reported to GW17 today.今天是他到长城17队报到的第一天。
He met Mr.Chen Ming, the driller who came from the rig floor, at the well-site.在井场,他遇到了从钻台走下来的司钻陈明。
He went to him and asked: “Excuse me, Sir.My name’s Wang Xiao-yu, a new practice technician of this Crew.”
于是他走了过去，询问道：“你好！我是刚分来的实习技术员，我叫王小雨。”
“How do you do？ Welcome to our Crew.My name’s Chen Ming, the driller of No.3 Shift.May I help you?”
“你好！欢迎到队上来。我是三班司钻陈明。要帮忙吗？
“Can you tell me where I can find the Rig Manager?” “告诉我哪里能找到平台经理？”
“Maybe he is in the Rig Manager Office, I think.Let me lead you there.” “我想他可能在平台经理办公室里。我领你去吧！”
“Thank you.” “谢谢。”
The driller fervidly gave him a hand to carry his luggages to the office.司钻陈明热情地拎着王小雨的行李，领着他走向平台经理办公室。
In the office, the Rig Manager, Mr.Peng Yuan-chun, was discussing the Operation Program to run 9 5/8” casing with his drilling engineer and Toolpushers.办公室里，平台经理正在同钻井工程师、带班队长商量下9 5/8”套管事项。
The driller knocked at the door, shouting: “Manager, the new practice technician is coming?” 陈明敲门，道：“彭经理，队上分来的实习技术员到了！”
“Come in, please.” “请进，”
“Welcome to our Crew!” The Rig Manager met Wang Xiao-yu, who was a little nervousat the door, offering his hands and saying friendly: “My name’s Pen Yuan-chun, everyone calls me ‘A Chun’ or ‘George’.”
“欢迎到队上来！”平台经理热情道,向在门边有点紧张的王小雨伸出双手：“我叫彭远春，大家都叫我‘阿春’或‘George’！”
“How do you do!My name’s Wang Xiao-yu, the new practice technician of your Crew.” “你好！我叫王小雨，你队的实习技术员，请多关照。
“Wang, let me introduce them to you.” “小王，我给你介绍介绍。”
“Thank you.” “谢谢！”
“This is Mr.Zhou Hua, the drilling engineer of our Crew.” “这位是我队的钻井工程师，周华。”
“How do you do!” “你好！”
“Hi!Welcome to join us.”
“你好！欢迎你加入我们的行列！”
“The two guys are Toolpushers, Lao Yang and Lao Zhang.” “这两位是带班队长，老杨,老张。”
“How do you do!” “你们好！”
“Hello.Welcome.” “欢迎！”
After greeting, Wang Xiao-yu asked the Rig Manager urgently: “Manager, what shall I do now?” 寒暄之后，王小雨迫不及待地向平台经理道：“彭经理，现在我该干什么？”
“Don’t worry, there are a lot of jobs for you to do in future.Now, Mr.Zhou will lead you to your caravan for a rest.He’ll be your master and he is in charge of arranging your work later.”
“别着急，以后有你工作干的。现在由周工领你去宿舍，他将是你的师傅，今后的工作由他安排。”
On the way to the caravan, Wang Xiao-yu said to Zhou in fear and trembling: “Mr.Zhou, I just came here and haven’t any drilling experiences, I am afraid…”
在去宿舍的路上，王小雨忐忑地对周工说：“周工，我刚到井队，没任何钻井经验，我心里 没底„„？”
“Don’t worry, young fellow.After completing a well, everything you’ll obtain.” “小伙子，别担心。当你打完一口井后什么底你都有了。”
“Really?” “是吗？”
“Yeah.I remembered when I came to the Drilling Crew for the first time, I had the same feelings as yours, full of anxieties.”
“当然。记得我刚到井队时，跟你心情一样，充满了焦虑和忐忑。”
“So, how many years have you been in the Drilling Crew?” “刘工，你在井队干了几年了？”
“Ten years.” “10年了。”
“How many years to be a drilling engineer?” “当了几年工程师？”
“Five years.” “5年。”
“And how many wells have you completed?” “打了多少口井？”
“Let me think.Eight, at least.” “我想一想，至少有8口吧！”
“Including this one?” “包括这一口井吗？”
“No.”
“不包括这口井。”
“Oh!You must have accumulated rich drilling experiences.I’d learn from you more.” “啊！那你肯定积累了丰富的钻井经验，我得多向你学着点。”
“Learn from each other.” “互相学习吧！”
“How are about the depth in this region?” “这地区打的井深不深？”
“Normally are deep wells.The TD(total depth)is usually over 4500m.The design depth of this well is 5015m.”
“一般都是深井。井深都在4500米以上。这口井的设计井深是5015米。”
“So deep.When was it spud in?” “这么深呀。什么时候开的钻？”
“March 18, 2002.Now the depth is 2985m.We are preparing for running 9 5/8” casing.” “2002年3月18日。现在的井深是2985米，正准备下9 5/8”套管。”
“When will it be completed, you estimate?” “预计什么时候完钻？”
“In four months, I estimate, according to thepresent progress, if everything is normal.” “如果正常的话，按目前进度，估计4个月后完井。”
“ROP(rate of penetration)is high?”
“这口井的机械钻速（钻速）高吗？”
“Just so-so, 1.2m per hour in average.Maybe you don’t know how difficult to drill in this area.The geological conditions are very complex.It has the features of high pressure, high H2S, high dip angle, more faults, loss circulation formations and poor drillability.”
“还行，平均1.2米/小时。你不知道在这地区钻井有多难，其地质情况十分复杂，具有高压、高含硫、高倾角、断层、漏层多、可钻性差的特点。”
They arrived at Mr.Wang Xiao-yu’s caravan during their conversation.交谈中，他们到了分配给王小雨的卧室前。
“Here we are.Xiao Wang, take a good rest first.See you at the rig-site tomorrow.Good-bye.” “到了，小王，你先休息，我们明天井场上见。再见！”
“Bye-bye.”
明天井场上见。再见！”
When the first sun rayed in the next morning, Wang Xiao-yu, who was excited a whole night, got up very early, putting on his new working uniforms and going to the rig-site.He wanted himself to be familiar with the working circumstances as soon as possible.天刚放亮，激动一宿的王小雨早早起床，穿上崭新的工服来到井场。他想尽快地熟悉新的工作环境。He climbed up the rig floor first.首先，他登上钻台。
“Good morning, Mr.Chen?” he greeted the driller who was holding the brake handle.“早上好，陈明？”他向扶刹把的司钻问候道。
“Morning, Wang.You got up so early!” “早上好，王技术员。你起得真早。”
“I’d like to have a look first,” said he, smiling, “How about the well condition?” “我想先看看。”他笑道；“井况如何？”
“Normal Drilling.” “正常钻进。”
“The depth now?”
“现在的井深是多少？”
“2993 meters.” “2993米。”
“The level(horizon)now?” “现在的钻进层位？” “Jialingjiang.” “嘉陵江”
“Tell me the present drilling parameters, OK?” “告诉我目前的钻井参数,好吗？”
“No problem.” “好的。”
“We are using 8 1/2” bit to drill now,” said the driller as he watched the gauges on the driller’s control console: “Rotary speed, 63rpm;Pump pressure, 17.5 to 18.5Mpa;WOB(Weight on bit), 14 tons;Torque, 5000ft.lb;Displacement, 364gpm;(NO.1);Pump stroke, 60 to 70spm.” “现在使用8 1/2”钻头钻进，”司钻边说边看着司控台上的仪表，道：“转速63rpm，泵压17.5-18.5Mpa，钻压14吨，扭矩5000ft.lb，排量23l/s，泵冲（1号泵）60-70spm。”
“Why drilling with single pump?” “为何只用单泵钻进?”
“Small size hole(slim hole), single pump can completely satisfy the needs of drilling.” “小井眼,单泵就能满足钻井需要”
“In which condition, two pumps are to be used?” “什么情况下使用双泵呢？”
“To drill big size hole.”
“大尺寸井眼就需要双泵。”
“Oh, I see.”
“哦，我明白了。”
At this moment, the machinist stepped on the floor.Chen Ming introduced Wang Xiao-yu to him.They two greeted each other.这时，机械师走上钻台，陈明把王小雨介绍给他。他们相互问候。
“Mr.Hu, how about the rated drawworkshorsepower of ZJ70D rig?” “胡大班，ZJ70D钻机的绞车额定功率是多少？”
“2000 horsepower.” “2000马力。”
“Drilling Capacity?” “钻深能力呢？”
“If drilling with 4 1/2” drill pipe, 7000m.If with 5” drill pipe, 6000m at least.” “用4 1/2”钻杆能钻7000米井深。用5”钻杆能钻6000米井深。”
“Oh, 6000 meters with 5” drill pipe.” Wang exclaimed in surprise, then he continued, “So the open diameter of the rotary table must be 37 1/2”?” “哇，5”钻杆可以钻6000米。”王小雨发出一声惊叹，继续道：“转盘的开口直径是37 1/2”的吗？”
“You’re right.The model is ZP-37.5.”” “是的，型号是ZP-37.5”。”
“How many gears of the rotary table?” “转盘有几个挡？”
“No gears.The electric rig has no gears.It’s a stepless speed regulation.” “没有挡。电动钻机是无极调速的。”
“But I heard that the rig has four forward and two reverse gears before.” “可我以前听说钻机有四个正挡两个倒挡呀。”
“Really? That means the mechanical rig.” “是吗？四正两倒是指机械钻机。”
“Oh, I see.” Wang nodded, asking:“How about the height? I mean the derrick and the substructure.”
“哦，明白了。” 王小雨点点头，问道“井架和底座高度？”
“The derrick is 43.5 meters in height and the substructure is 9 meters high.” “井架43.5米，底座9米。”
“How about the setback capacity?” Wang asked curiously.“钻杆盒子能排多少柱钻铤、钻杆？” 王小雨好奇地问。
“220 stands of drill collar and drill pipe.” “220柱的钻铤、钻杆”
“Wind load capacity?” “井架的风载能力？”
“With drill string, 120km per hour.” “带钻具，132公里/小时。”
“Mr.Hu, you know I am a new guy.Show me around, Ok?” “胡大班，我是新人，带我各处走走，好吗？”
“It’s my pleasure.” “那可是给我赏脸了。”
They came to the pump house, Mr.Hu pointed to the mud pumps, introducing: “These two 3NB-1600 triplexsingle-action pumps were manufactured by Baoji Petroleum Mechanical Works.” 他们来到泵房，胡大班指着泥浆泵，介绍道：“这两台泵是宝鸡产3NB-1600三缸单作用泥浆泵。”
“Which size of the liner is available?” “适用哪种缸套？”
“150、160、170，180、190mm all are available.We normally use two sizes, 170mm and 180mm liner.”
“150、160、170，180、190mm几种尺寸的缸套。我们常用170、180mm两种尺寸。”
“Usually, who is in charge of the two pumps in the Crew.” “队上一般由谁负责管理泥浆泵？”
“The assistant driller of each Shift.” “每班的副司钻。”
“Does he only do this on tour?” “副司钻上班就管泵吗？。”
“Oh, no.With the exception of having a specialresponsibility for mud pumps, he is also in charge of maintenanceof the wellhead, the circulation & solid control system.”
“哦，不。副司钻除了专门负责泥浆泵以外，还要负责井口，循环、固控系统的维护保养。”
“Any more?” “还有吗？”
“Sometimes, he also operates the handle and manages the roughnecks instead of the driller.” 有时还要替司钻扶钻，管理班上钻工。”
“What does a roughneck do as usual, do you know?” “知道钻工一般干些什么？”
“As I know, a roughneck does a lot of jobs，such as: operating the cathead, tongs, elevators, setting slips, makeup and breakout during a trip, unloading materials and supplies, cleaning equipment and maintenance, etc.”
“据我所知，钻工干的活挺多的，比如拉猫头，提卡瓦，打吊钳，上扣，卸扣，搞起、下钻，装卸材料，清洁、保养设备等。”
“So, the derrickman?” “那井架工呢？”
“He mainly operates on the Monkey-board.During the normal drilling operation, he’ll give a hand to the assistant driller.”
“主要负责二层台的作业。正常钻进时，协助副司钻工作。”
In generator house, several CAT3512 diesel-generator sets, which were manufactured in USA, were roaring.机房里，几台美国产CAT3512柴油发电机组发出巨大轰鸣声。
Wang asked the motorman beside the generator loudly: “How many horsepower of one CAT3512?”
王小雨大声问发电机旁柴油司机：“多大的马力？”
“What?” the man hesitated, shaking his head and pointing to his ears.“什么？”柴油司机摇摇头，指了指耳朵，疑惑道。
“Horsepower?” Wang repeated loudly.“多大的马力？” 王小雨指着发电机，又大声问。“1500hp.”
“1500马力。”
“Tell me the oil temperature, oil pressure and rotation speed at present?”
“现在的油温、油压、转速是多少？”
“Temperature, 800C;oil pressure, 0.8Mpa;rotation speed, 1200rpm(1200 rounds per minute).” “温度800C，油压0.8Mpa，转速1200r/m。”
“What do you usually do during the normal drilling?” “正常打钻时你们一般干些什么？”
“Check, maintain and clean the diesel-engine generator sets, compressor, oil and water supply equipment, etc.and keep them in work condition.”
“检查、维保和清洁柴油发电机组、压缩机、供水供油设备，保证其良好的工作状况。”
“I found only 2 CATs were running.Something is wrong with the other two?” “我发现只有两台机子在运转，另外那两台坏了吗？”
“Oh, no.“ the motorman smiled, saying, “2 CATs can provide enough power for the rig.The other ones are used as back-up.”
“没有，”柴油司机笑了笑，说：“两台发电机组就可以给钻机提供足够的动力了。另两台留作备用。”
“Sorry, I don’t know.” Wang’s face went red immediately;he felt a little ashamed for his innocence.“And thank you for telling me.” “对不起，我不知道！” 王小雨瞬时脸色绯红，为自己的无知感到有点害臊，“谢谢你告诉我这些。”
“You’re welcome.”
“不用谢。”
Leaving the generator house, it was easier to talk away from the noise.走出机房，噪音小了，交谈起来容易多了。
As soon as they stepped on the circulation system nearby, Wang Xiao-yu questioned the mechanistagain.“Mr.Hu, how many mud tanks in circulating system, and the total capacities?” 一登上毗邻的循环系统，王小雨又问道： “胡大班，循环系统有几个泥浆罐，总容积是多少？” “5 circulating tanks, 4 reserve tanks and 1 trip tank.The total capacity is 425 m2.” “5个循环罐，四个储备灌和一个泥浆补给罐，总容积425m3。”
“What type of the shale shaker?” “振动筛是什么类型的？”
“Derrick linearity shale shaker manufactured in the USA.” “美国产Derrick线性振动筛？”
“What’s the mesh of the screen cloth in use?” “现在用的多少目的筛布。”
“180 mesh.” “180目。”
Wang Xiao-yu was curious about everything at the rig-site, and wanted to ask whatever he saw.He longed for knowing everything, so that he could get himself into the drilling operation as soon as possible.王小雨对井场的一切都感到好奇，什么都想问，他渴望解这一切以便尽快地投入到钻井作业中去。
While he was thinking about his work, Zhou Hua, the drilling engineer, came to him, saying: “There you are, Xiao Wang!we are waiting for you to attend the safety meeting now.”
就在他兴趣正浓的时候，钻井工程师周华来了，对他说道：“小王别再问了，大家现在正等你开班前会呢。”
“Sorry.I don’t know about the safety meeting before my tour,” Xiao Wang was embarrassed again for not listening.“对不起，我不知道要开班前会。”小王为自己再次感到局促不安。
“Oh, it’s my fault, I forgot to tell you yesterday,” Zhou regretted, “昨天忘了告诉你，这不怪你，”周工抱歉道。
“When is the safety meeting usually held?” “一般什么时候开班前会？”
“Before each Shift exchange.” “每次交班前。”
On the way to the meeting room, Zhou Hua explained Wang about the safety meeting.在去会议室的路上，周华向王小雨讲了有关班前会的事。
“The employees perform a post check half an hour before a tour at the site ahead of each Shift exchange.Then they attend a safety meeting conducted by the Rig Manager.The manager issues the day’s drilling program at the meeting.After that the drilling engineer, toolpusher, machinist, electrician or the driller will emphasize the important matters about safety around the rig equipment during drilling operation..”
“每次换班，工人提前半小时进场，进行交接班岗位检查。然后，开班前会，由平台经理传达当天的作业指令，分配要干的工作。钻井工程师、带班队长、机械技师、电器技师或司钻强调有关安全和设备的注意事项。”
“I see.” “明白了。”
“By the way, tell you a(piece of)good news.” “小王，顺便告诉你一个好消息。”
“Good news, what good news?” “好消息,什么好消息？”
“Our Crew will go abroad to perform drilling service.” “我们队马上要出国打井了。”
“Really? Which country?” Wand excitedly.“真的吗？哪个国家？” 小王激动了。
“Iran,” Zhou said, “Details, the Rig Manager will announce in the meeting.” “伊朗。”周工道，“详情，平台经理会在会上宣布。”
“Really? That’s wonderful.” Wang cheered up, “I am the luckiest guy in the world.” “噢，太妙了。” 小王欢呼着跳了起来，“我是世界上最幸运的人。”
“You are, indeed.” “确实是。
Vocabulary practice technician 实习技术员
small size hole(slim hole)小井眼 drilling crew 钻井队
big size hole 大尺寸井眼 drill floor,rig floor,floor 钻台
drawworks 绞车
drawworks horsepower 绞车功率
drawworks sensor 绞车(上的进尺)传感器 well-site, rig-site 井场
drilling capacity 钻深能力 rig manager平台经理
DC(drill collar)钻铤 drilling engineer 钻井工程师
DP(drill pipe)钻杆
assistant engineer 助理工程师
knock at an open door 多此一举 toolpusher 带班队长
rotary table 转盘
driller 司钻
open diameter 开口直径 assistant driller 副司钻
gear, shift gear 挡位,排挡 derrickman, monkeyman 井架工
setback capacity 排管能力 roughneck, floorman 钻工
single-action 单作用 roustabout 场地工
liner 缸套 motor fireman 司机
wellhead 井口
motorman 司助
circulation & solid system 循环固控系统 machinist 机械师,机工,机械大班
forward gear 正挡 electrician 电器师,电工,电器大班
reverse gear 倒挡 operation program 作业程序(指令)
cathead 猫头 caravan 营房，大篷车
tong 大钳 drilling experience 钻井经验
elevator 吊卡 well depth 井深
slip 卡瓦
slip area 卡瓦卡紧面
slip back-up 卡瓦支撑(套)slip bowl 卡瓦座,卡盘
slip bushing 卡瓦补心 slip dog 卡瓦牙块, 卡瓦牙板
slip-elevator 卡瓦式吊卡 slip grip 卡瓦打捞爪, 卡瓦夹持器
slip groove 卡瓦槽
slipper joint pliers鲤鱼钳
slip load 卡瓦负载[卡瓦悬吊的钻柱重量] slip insert 卡瓦牙
slip joint 套筒连接,伸缩连接,滑动接头 slip-off(焊点)脱开
slip-on flange 松套法兰;滑套凸缘
stepless gear 无级变速传动
stepless speed change device无级变速装置
stepless speed change 有[无]级变速
stepless speed regulating 无级调速
stepless speed regulation无级调速
level [horizon] 层位,层段 design depth 设计井深
makeup 上扣 spud in 开钻
breakout 卸扣 ROP(rate of penetration),drilling speed penetration rate 钻速
trip 起下钻
wind load 风载荷
wind load capacity(井架的)风载能力
wind load rating 额定风载(荷)geological condition 地质情况(条件)
diesel-engine 柴油机
high pressure 高压
diesel-generator set柴油发电机组 high H2S 高含硫
horsepower 马力 high dip angle 高倾角
oil temperature 油温 fault 断层
oil pressure 油压
loss circulation 井漏，循环漏失
rotary(rotation)speed 转速 drillability 可钻性
compressor 压缩机 working uniform 工作服
oil supply 供油 brake handle, brake bar 刹把
water supply 供水
well condition 井况
circulating tank, circulation tank 循环罐 normal drilling 正常钻井
reserve tank 储备罐
parameter 参数
trip tank 补给罐，尖底罐 rotary speed 转盘转速
shale shaker 振动筛 pump pressure 泵压
linearity 线性
WOB(weight on bit)钻压
mesh 目,网孔;啮合,编织 torque 扭矩
screen cloth 筛布 displacement 排量
safety meeting 班前会 pump stroke 泵冲
shift exchange 交班 mud pump 泥浆泵
drilling service 钻井服务 master 师傅,主人;征服,控制,精通
in charge of 负全责,经营,照顾 arrange 安排,排列,协商
assign 分配,指派
obtain 获得,得到
remember 记得;回忆起,纪念 according to 根据,依照
prepare for 准备,使有准备 normal 正常的,正规的,标准的just so-so 马马乎乎 introduce 介绍,传入,引进,提出
satisfy 满足,使满意,说明
Chapter II Inspection of Site Construction
钻前工程验收
The Rig Manager Office at the well-site.The Rig Manager, George, was reading a completion report.Suddenly，the telephone rang, he picked it up.井场，平台经理办公室。平台经理彭远春（George）正在阅读一份完井报告，电话铃突然响了，他提起了电话。
“Hello.This is Email speaking.I’d like to talk with George.“你好！我是监督Email，我要同George讲话！”
“Hi, Email.How nice to hear you!What’s the matter?” “你好，Email, 听到你的声音真高兴！什么事？”
“I just got the information from the Site Construction Company, the new location TBK-3 is ready.”
“我刚从钻前公司得到消息，新井场TBK-3出来了。”
“Really?That’s terrific.” “是吗？太好了！”
“Bring some guys to go there with me for inspection, OK?” “能带几个人同我一道去看看吗？”
“Ok.In five minutes, the drilling engineer, toolpushers, drillers, machinist and I will leave to meet you at the well-site.”
“行，5分钟后，我带着我的代班队长、司钻、机械技师与你在井场汇合。”
“Ok.See you later.” “好的，一会儿见。” “See you later.” “一会儿见。”
One hour later, they arrived at the new location, called TBK-3, in two Petrols.一小时后，他们分乘两辆Petrol来到了新井场TBK-3。
At the new location, the workers were performing a final leveling off with earthmovers and road rollers.In the waste pit, the grab was digging and widening it out.新井场上，土建工人们正用推土机、压路机对前场作最后的平整工作，挖掘机还在对废水池加宽、加深。
As soon as George and his fellows got off the Petrol, Email came and asked: “George, do you find some places where the slope is too steep and the radius of turn is too short on the road to the new location? I’m afraid that the trailer loaded with SCR won’t be able to maneuver the road as it is now.”
George和他的伙伴们刚下车，监督Email走来问道：“George, 有没有发现通往井场的公路有的地方坡太陡，转弯半径太小，搬家时恐怕拉SCR的大拖车无法通过？”
“You’re right, sir.” George agreed.“If it rains, I’m afraid that it will even be dangerous for the trucks.” “是的。” George 赞同道： “如果是下雨天，恐怕连拉设备的大车通过也很危险。”
“How many places need to be modified, you think?” “你觉得有几处地方整改？”
“There are two places where the grade needs to be lessened and the one turn should be opened more.I also found that the two kilometer water supply line hasn’t been connected to the location.”
“有两处地方需要降坡度，一处弯道需加宽。另外，供水管线也差两公里才接到井场。”
“Well, George.Now, send your guys to inspect the new location referring to the Site Construction Drawing, checking where it needs to be modified and perfected.After that, we work out a report together to submit to the Site Construction Company, ordering them to complete the modification in a limit time, so that we can carry out the final inspection.”
“好吧，George。现在安排你的人带上井场施工图按图全面检查井场，看看哪些地方需要整改和完善，然后我们共同作份报告提交钻前公司。限期他们整改完成，我们作最后的验收。”
According to the Supervisor’s order, George sent his guys respectively to check the front site, the rear site, the cellar, the base of the substructure, the mud pump and the solid system, the waste pit, and the drainages, etc.George根据甲方监督要求安排他的人员分别对井场的前场、后场、方井、底座基础、泥浆泵基础、固控系统基础、废水池、排污沟等进行检查。
George and Email stood in the middle of the site, discussing how to arrange and collocate the rig equipment in the new location.George和Email就这口井的井场布置、设备摆放展开了讨论。
“Email, have any suggestions about the collocation of the equipment?” “Email, 对这口井的设备摆放有何建议？”
“I think we’d better move the Air Drilling Package from the rear site to the front site this time.It’s easier for installation and dismantling.”
“我想这次最好将空气钻井设备从后场摆在前场，便于空钻设备的安装和拆迁。”
“So, the drill pipe boxes, material houses, tool house, machining house and casing tool house will be put on the left side of the front site, in their old location?”
“钻干盒、材料房、工具房、加工房、套管工具房还是照老样子摆放在前场吗？”
“Only a small change.Put drill pipe boxes, the casing tool house on the front site, the rest on the rear site.The house used for the Top Drive engineer on duty should be put on the front site.” “有点小改变，钻杆盒、套管工具房放前场。这次要把顶驱值班工程师的值班房放前场。”
“Why?”
“为什么？”
“You know, last well, the Top Drive brought us a lot of troubles.This time, if something’s wrong with it during drilling operation, I can be in touch with the Top Drive engineers in time.” “大家都知道上口井顶驱可给我们找了不少麻烦。这次如果在钻井作业中，一旦顶驱出现故障，便于我及时同他们的联络。”
“No problem.So, about the site caravans, have any changes?” “没问题。那么，井场人员住房有变动吗？”
“Yeah, put your office and mine together for easy communication.The radio room and the clinic should be in your neighbors this time.I think it is more convenient for you to report to your Project Department.”
“这次你的办公室要与我的在一起，便于交流。通讯室和医务室紧靠你的办公室，便于你随时向你的项目部汇报。”
“I see.You are scared that the shouting from the radio room will bother you, right?” “我明白了。你怕通讯室的汇报声打搅你，对吗？”
“You’re smart.Tell you the truth, I can’t bear the Toolpusher’s shouting at 6:30 every morning any more, ‘Qidi, qidi’.” Email copied the Chinese pronunciation incorrectly, causing George to laugh loudly.“真聪明。我确实受不了每天早上 6: 30 带班队长的吼叫声，‘基地基地’”。Email模仿中国人发音的汉语，引起George一阵大笑。
Just then, the fellows who had finished inspecting the new location returned and reported to them.这时，看完井场的人员回到他们身边进行汇报。
“George, Email,” said the machinist, “we also need 3 parallel cement bases beside the solid system.Each should be 1m in width, 20m in length and 30cm in depth.The space between each base should be 1.5m.” 机械技师道：“George、Email，在固控系统旁边，我们还需要三条平行水泥基础。每条基础要 1 米宽、20 米长、30 公分厚。每条基础的间距为1.5米”。
“What’s it for?” Email asked.Email问: “干什么用？”
“As the base for three water tanks.” “作为三个高架水罐的基础呀”。
“No the bases on the drawing?” asked Email, feeling a little strange.“施工图上没有这几条基础吗？”Email问,觉得有点奇怪。
“No.” “没有。”
“However, they built the new site according to the 70D Rig Drawing provided by you?” “人家可是照你们提供的70D钻机图施工的呀！”
“Yeah, but the locations for the three water tanks turned out to be all clay, the groundsill is not steady.”
“可摆放高架水罐地方全是泥土，地基不稳。”
“Ok, I remember.Anything else need to be modified?” “好的，我记下了。另外还有什么地方需要整改？”
“I checked the cellar,” said the toolspusher, “finding the inlet of the drainage plugged seriously.It needs to be cleaned completely.The flat bottom of cellar should be sloped to the inlet for draining waste water easily, but the outlet is too close to the junk slot and it could be covered by the cuttings after the first spudding.” “我检查了方井，”带班队长道，“方井下面的排污口堵塞严重，需要彻底清理。方井底平面应向排污口倾斜便于污水排放，而排出口距排砂槽太近，可能在一开后沙子就掩埋了出口。”
“There are some workers in the cellar.You did not tell them how to modify it, did you?” George asked.“方井里有些工人，难道没告诉他们怎样整改吗？”George 问道。
“Yes.I did.But I don’t know whether they understood or not.They are Iranian laborers.” “告诉他们了。不知道他们听懂了没有。他们都是伊朗民工。”
“Oh, I see.” “哦，明白了。” Without saying any more, George knew that the ordinary Iranian laborers did not know English at all.George 不再问了。他知道普通伊朗劳工根本就不懂英语。
“Have any problems about the drainages around the solid control system? Need to be modified?” asked Email.“固控系统的排污沟有问题吗？需不需要整改？”Email问。
“Perfect.” answered a driller.“没问题。”一司钻回答道。
“Well, our present status is that 90% of the site construction has been completed.Tomorrow, your guys will form two parts.Some come here to prophase jobs for moving, such as clean the site and draw lines for equipment installation.The rest dismantle the derrick, substructure, drawworks, etc, and pack all the equipment.Everything should be ready for moving in three days.The entire move to the new location will be completed within 10 days.For details, you’ll get my written order in the evening.”
“那好，就目前的情况来看，整个钻前工程已完成90%。George, 从明天开始，你的人将分为两批，一部分人到新井场清理井场、划线作钻机搬迁的前期工作，剩下的倒放钻机，设备打包作好搬迁准备。整个搬迁工作我给你们10天时间。今晚你们会收到我的书面作业指令。”
“Yes, sir.” “是，头儿。”
Vocabulary completion report 完井报告
carry out 执行,实施,完成,惯切 emphaisize 着重,强调
progress 前进,行进,进展 in progress 在行进中,在举行
make progress 取得进步 site construction 钻前工程
supervisor 监督 location 井场,井位
front site 前场 inspection 检查,考察,验收
rear site 后场 earthmover 推土机
cellar 方井
road roller 压路机
soild(control)system 固控系统
grab 挖掘机
drainage 排泄;排水系统,排水区域 drainage pump 排油泵,排水泵
drainage pipeline 排放(油、水)管线 drainage water 排出水，污水
drain away 流尽,排尽 drain hole 排泄孔,放出口
drain pressure 排泄压力
drain pump 排空泵,排油泵,排水泵
drain sample 排放液体(油、水)试样 drain valve 排泄阀,放出阀
drain time 排放时间
waste pit 污水池、废水池
air drilling package 空钻设备、空钻包 slope 坡、坡度
dismantle 拆除、拆卸 steep 陡峭的、险峻的drill pipe box 钻杆盒
radius of turn 转弯半径
casing tool house 套管工具房
turn 转弯
Top Drive(Drilling System)顶(部)驱(动)钻井系统
trailer 拖车、平板车
Project Department 项目部 water(supply)line(供)水管线
on duty 值班
refer to 参照,涉及,提到,查阅
radio room 通讯室 modify 整改、修改
clinic 医务室
perfect 使完善,修改,使熟练
water tank 水罐、高架水罐 work out 设计出,作出,计算出
groundsill 地基、基础横木 submit 提交,递交;（使）服从
inlet 进口、入口 in a limit time 限时
outlet 出口、出路 waste water 废水、污水
junk slot 排砂槽
Chapter III
Rig Move And Equipment Installation 钻机搬迁及设备安装
In the location of TBK-2, the derrick and substructure had been laid down;the drawworks had been disconnected and all the connecting cables, pipelines had been furled and put together.In accordance with the Rig Manager’s order, the personnel of each shift of Rig17 were packing the components of ZJ70D Electric Rig and making ready for loading and moving.TBK-2井场上。井架、底座已经放倒，绞车已经拆开，各种连接电缆、管线已经收拢归位。钻17队的各班人员按平台经理布置的任务，正在给拆散的ZJ70D钻机部件打包，作好装车准备。
Suddenly, the Rig Manager went to the driller of No.3 Shift and asked: “Chen Ming, where’s the machinist?”
这时，平台经理向三班司钻走过来，问道：“陈明，胡技师在哪里？”
“He was here a moment ago.Maybe he’s in the pump house to conduct how to pack now, I think.”
“刚才还在这里，现在恐怕到泵房指导打包去了。”
“Go and tell him the Supervisor wants to talk with him.” “去。告诉他，监督Email有事要同他谈。”
“Ok.” Chen Ming ran to the pump house immediately.“好的。”陈明立即跑向泵房。
Few minutes later, the machinist appeared in the Supervisor’s caravan.几分钟后，胡大班出现在监督的房子里。
“Have a seat, Mr.Hu.” Email said: “Coffee or tea?” “请坐，胡大班。”Email 道：“喝茶还是咖啡？”
“No.Thank you.” “不，谢谢。”
The machinist had a little nervous, he didn’t know why the Supervisor himself wanted to talk with him.胡大班有点紧张，他不知监督有何要亲自同他谈。
“The headquarters just asked me to provide a schedule of the lorries for this moving operation, including the size, weight of each component.The Transport Company will dispatch trucks according to this information.You are the guy who answers for the equipment.About the rig, I think you know more than I do.”
“总部刚才通知我，要我提供这次搬家安装需要的车次，每件设备的尺寸、重量。运输公司将根据这些信息安排车辆。你是主管设备的机械工程师，我想应该比我更清楚这台钻机！”
“Sure.” said Hu, feeling relieved, “According to your instruction, I’ll give you a detailed report as soon as possible.”
“是的，”胡大班释然道：“根据你的指令，我会尽快提交一份详细报告。”
“Ok, see you later.” “那好，一会儿见。”
“See you later.” “一会儿见。”
Back at the rig-site, Hu began to list the rig equipment and estimated the size and weight of hugecomponents, such as: the SCR house, the MCC house, the Mud Pumps, the Diesel Generator Sets, the front & rear part of the Drawworks, the Top Drive and the Air Drilling Packages, etc.After that, he worked out a Schedule Of Lorry Requirements for this moving operation and submitted it to the Supervisor.胡大班回到井场着手清点设备的件数、估算如SCR房、MCC房、泥浆泵、柴油发电机组、绞车前部及绞车后部、顶驱和空钻设备等大件设备重量、尺寸。然后，根据手中掌握的资料制作了这次钻机搬迁所需车辆一览表，提交甲方监督。
“Email, here you are.I’ve finished the task.” Hu handed the Schedule to him.“Email，你交代的任务完成了，这给你，”胡大班将一览表交给他。
“Thank you.Did you include the kinds of truck we need and how many moving operations there will be?” Email asked as he read the schedule.“谢谢！含车型了吗，这次搬迁要多少车次？”Email边看边问。“200 trips in total.We’ll need two 40T cranes and two trailers for the large equipment.” “总共200车次。需要2台40T吊车和两辆60T拖车拉大件设备。”
“Are there the size and weight in the Schedule?” “大件设备的尺寸、重量表里都有吗？”
“Very clearly.” “清清楚楚。”
“That’s great.I’ll get the exact answer from the Transport Company tomorrow.Thanks again.” “很好，明天我就会得到运输公司的确切答复。再次感谢。”
“You’re welcome.It’s my job.” “份内之事，不客气。”
At night, the Toolpushers, Machinist, Electrician, Drillers and Assistant Drillers got together in the Rig Manager Office, reporting to the Rig Manager on the daytime’s work of rig dismantling and packing.是夜，平台经理办公室。带班队长、机械大班、电器大班、正、副司钻正在向平台经理汇报今天钻机的拆卸、包装情况。
“Well done.” affirmed the Rig Manager, “But, Mr.Ran, do you think there might be something wrong with the modules of No.3, No.4 cubicle in the SCR house? Do you remember, we had some problems with them during the 5th spudding.I think you should take the opportunity of this move to check them.”
“干得不错。”平台经理肯定道：“不过，冉技，SCR房的3、4号柜的模块在上口井打5开的时候，老是出现故障，趁这次搬迁检查一下。”
“I did this afternoon.I disconnected them and found a foul-up had occurred on the circuit plate of No.3 module.I also found that the parameters of No.4 module appeared changed from the original ones.The parameters need to be revised.”
“今下午我已把3、4号柜的模块拆下来进行了检查。3号柜模块电路板出现紊乱，4号柜模块的参数与原参数发生飘移，需要校正参数。”
“When will that be done?” “何时搞定？”
“Tomorrow..I’ll replace a new circuit plate for No.3 module and revise the parameters on No.4 module,.”
“明天吧。3号柜模块换新电路板，4号柜模块校正参数。”
“Brake shoes on the drawworks are worn very seriously.They need to be changed for new ones.” George turned to the machinist and asked, “ Mr.Hu, have you arranged a man to do it?” “绞车刹车片磨损严重，要换新的。胡大班，安排人换了吗？”平台经理向机械技师问道。
“Shift 2 has already done it.” “安排钻2班换了。”
“Tomorrow, you’ll take the responsibility for packing the instruments on the Floor.Take special care.”
“明天，钻台上的仪器仪表包装由你亲自负责，需特别小心。”
“What I do, you can rest assumed.” “我办事，你放心。”
“We are moving soon.Here I emphasize again.Safety is our first priority.Never make the next step without considering all aspects of the safety of the operation.”
“马上就要搬家了，我再次强调安全第一，千万不要单求工作进度，而忽视了安全。”
At this moment, there was a knock on the door, and the Drilling Supervisor entered.这时，钻井监督敲门进来。
“Sorry to bother you.” Email said to the Rig Manager: “Here’s the Fax from the Transport Company, saying their moving trucks will arrive at the location on time, at 8:00 tomorrow morning.” “对不起，打搅一下。”Email说道：“运输公司发来传真，明天早上8:00搬迁车辆准时进场。”
“How many trucks?” asked George.“他们派了多少台车辆？”George问。
“Nine 15 ton trucks, four 20 ton trucks, two 60 ton trailers, one 40 ton crane and two 15 ton cranes.”
“9辆15吨卡车、4辆20吨卡车、2辆60吨拖车。1台40吨吊车、2台15吨吊车。”
“Email, one 40T crane is not enough for moving and installation of ZJ70D rig.It’ll influence the whole progress of moving.You know loading, unloading or installing the large equipment, like the drawworks and the mud pump need at least two 40T cranes to operate together.We requested two, not one.” Said George, very concerned.“Email，70D钻机搬迁、安装，1台40吨吊车不够，会影响整个搬迁进度。你知道，像绞车、泥浆泵这些大件物品要用2台40吨吊车装卸和安装。而且我们要求提供的是2台40吨吊车,不是一台。”George不悦道。
“You have a 40T crane, don’t you?” asked Email.“你们自己不是有1台40吨吊车吗？”Email问。
“Yeah.But in order to ensure the completion our moving the entire rig within 10 days, we need to work at two locations at the same time.That means two 40T cranes will load at the old location.As the local crane drivers are not familiar with rig installation, our crane must be at the new location for unloading and installation.”
“是的，为了确保10天内完成整台钻机的搬迁，我们需要在两个井场同时作业，也就是2台40吨吊车在老井场装车。我们的吊车主要负责新井场的钻机安装，因为地方上的吊车司机不熟悉安装作业！”
“Well, I’ll consult with the Transport Company soon and require them to send another one.” “那好，我同运输公司协商一下，要他们增派1台40吨吊车。”
“I appreciate your help.” “这样最好。”
Email left in a hurry.Email匆匆离去。
“Brothers, everyone has heard the news.Tomorrow morning, 8:00 o’clock, we’ll begin to move.It is 30 kilometers from here to the new location.If it doesn’t rain in the following days, each truck can move 4 or 5 trips per day.It’ll take us at least 3 days to complete moving the rig.” “弟兄们，大家都听到了，明天8:00正式搬迁。从这里到新井场的搬迁距离是30公里，如果以后几天不下雨，每辆卡车每天可以跑4-5趟，最多3天就能完成设备搬迁。”
“If it rains, I’m afraid we may need 4 or 5 days.” the machinist added.“如果下雨，恐怕要4天或5天。”胡大班补充道。
“If things happen like that, it’ll be very difficult to complete the move and installation within 10 days.”
“要是这样，要在10天内完成搬家、安装就难了。”
“I have a suggestion, but I don’t whether it works or not.” Hu hesitated.“我有个建议，不知行不行。”胡大班试着说。
“Go ahead.” George encouraged him.“说说看。”平台经理鼓励道。
“During this move, we should only leave one Shift at the old location to do the loading.The rest of the Shifts should be sent to the new location to unload and install.Loading and moving equipment should be arranged so each piece arrives at the new site just before it is scheduled to be installed.In this way we can save on the total installation time.” “这次搬迁只留一个班在老井场负责装车，其余的人全部到新井场安装。而且设备运输按现场安装的实际需要装车，这样就可以节省整个安装时间。”
“Good idea.” George agreed with him: “So, you draft out a Schedule of Moving & Installing Progress to illustrate which equipment to be loaded on the first day, and which on the second day.”
“好主意。”平台经理肯定道；“那么就由你来编排安装进度表。第一天装那些设备，第二天 装那些设备。”
“Yes, sir.” “是，头儿。”
“One thing I should remind you is that the offices, the radio room and the site caravans must be moved and put into their new location on the first day.” “有一点我要提醒你，办公室、通讯室和大班人员的井场住房在搬迁的第一天要在新井场就位。”
“I’ll take that into account.” “我会考虑进去的。”
The machinist is a smart guy, but it was not until 23:30 that he finished drafting the Schedule and handed it to the Rig Manager.The schedule was as follows: 机械技师胡大班是个动作麻利之人，23:30分左右，他把编好的搬迁进度表交给平台经理。进程安排如下：
The 1st Day:
Move and install derrick base with its slope braces and cross braces;move and install the drawworks base;the rig floor, floor sill, the rotary beam and rotary table.Move and put the site caravans into their positions.搬迁、安装井架底座及横拉筋、斜拉筋、绞车底座、钻台、底 梁、转盘大梁及转盘，井场人员住房到位；
The 2nd Day: Move and install the drawworks, the SCR house, the MCC house, the CAT3512 diesel generator sets.Move and put the camp caravans and the radio system into position.Move and install the Volvo diesel-generator so that it is ready to begin transmitting power.搬迁、安装绞车，SCR房，MCC房，CAT3512柴油发电机组，营地住房搬迁到位，通讯设施安装到位、Volvo发电机送电；
The 3rd Day:
Connect each section of mast into one on the site.Connect the standpipe and the rotary hose.Install the mud pumps and the solid control system.Connect drainage pipelines for the site and the campsite.连接井架、立管、水龙带、安装泥浆泵，循环系统；接井场、营地住房下水管线；
The 4th Day: Commission the power and the transmission systems.Move and install the crownblock and the derrick ladders.Sink a metal stake to support the traveling block.Reeve the guide line for the drilling wireline and the drilling wireline.调试动力系统、传动系统，安装天车、井架梯子、摆放游车墩子及游车，穿引绳、穿钢丝绳； The 5th Day:
Raise the derrick.Move and install the extension table on the rig floor, the dog-house and prepare for raising the substructure.Raise the substructure.Complete the auxiliary jobs and put the floor tools in order.起井架、安装钻台加宽台、司钻休息室等起底座准备工作，起底座。辅助工作及整理钻台工具。
The 6th Day: Connect the Kelly and make up the turbine(screw)drill for the rat hole(mouse hole).接方钻杆，配螺杆钻具打鼠洞。The 7th Day: …
“Well done.” praised the Rig Manager, “If we carry out moving and the installation according to this Schedule, we can save on two days.Even if it rains, we can still complete on schedule.“很好,”平台经理评价道，“按照这个进度表实施搬家安装，我们至少能节省两天的时间。即使遇到下雨，我们也能按期完成。”
Having been carefully organized and planned by the Rig Manager, the moving operation went smoothly.What Email, the Drilling Supervisor, saw made him appreciate in his mind: “ They are really a group of high qualityoilmen.”
在平台经理的精心组织下，搬迁、安装工作有紊不乱地进行着。钻井监督Email看在眼里，心中暗暗赞道：“真是一批高素质的石油工人。”
“Hi, Email.Are you satisfied with the pace of installation?” George asked the Drilling Supervisor who was standing in the middle of the site.“你好, Email, 对我们的安装进度满意吗？”George站在井场中监督问道。
“Not bad.According to the present rate of installation, I think I should give you only 8 days for the next well.” said Email, smiling.“不错，按这个进展速度，我想下口井的搬迁时间只能给8天。”Email笑着说。
“Oh, no.” George debated immediately, “We did this in such a hurry so that we would have more time to commission the rig.”
“不要，”George赶紧申辩道：“我们抓紧时间是为了留下更多的时间调式钻机。”
“I know.It was only kidding.” “我知道，开玩笑的。”
“Don’t scare me.I am just a sheep.” said George: “By the way, as per the Schedule, we’ll raise the derrick and the substructure half a day ahead of time.I would estimate the raising time at 4:30 pm.Will you attend?” “别吓我，我胆小。”George说：“顺便说一下，按计划我们将提前半天起升井架、底座。估计起井架时间是下午4:30。要不要参加？”
“Sure.And I’ll bring my hand camera to shoot the whole scene.” Email said in high spirits: “You know, the last move and installation, I was back at home on vacation.” “当然参加。而且我还要带上我的摄像机把整个场面拍摄下来。”Email兴致勃勃到；“你知道，上次安装，我正好回国休假。”
“Well.I’ll inform you on time by then.” Finishing the conversation, George turned to do his business.“好的，到时我准时通知你。”George说完，又忙事去了。
At 4:30pm, the Toolpusher disposedly held the brake handle on the floor to run the drawworks.The mast and the substructure both rose up, while the workers cheered, Email shot a group of costful pictures.下午4:30，钻台上带班队长手握刹把，威风冽冽。随着绞车的转动，井架竖起来了，底座升起来了，工人们欢笑起来。监督Email拍下了这一组珍贵镜头。
In the safety meeting, everyone waited for the Rig Manager’s report on the move and installation.班前会上,大家期待着平台经理有关搬家、安装的总结。
“Until now, we’ve completed rig installation three days earlier than the original schedule.” The Rig Manager praised the crew, and he could hardly control his own innermost happiness: “Congratulation to all of you!”
“就目前而言，我们比原定计划提前三天完成设备安装，”平台经理道，掩饰不住内心的喜悦: “祝获大家!”
“Hooray!” The employees cheered.“乌拉!”员工们发出一阵欢呼声。
“Tomorrow, Mr.Zhou will conduct Shift.3 in commissioning the rig, connect the Kelly and make up the screw drill for rat holing.The rests get the site in order for the inspection by the Company HSE Officer and the Drilling Supervisor for the first spudding.”
“明天由周队长带领三班对钻机进行运转调式，接方钻杆、配螺杆钻具打鼠洞。其余的收拾井场。迎接甲方HSE官员和监督的开钻验收。”
Vocabulary electic rig 电动钻机
mechanic rig 机械钻机
disconnect 拆开,分离,断开
connecting cable 连接电缆 pipeline 管线
furl 卷收、叠、收拢
spool 线轴,双端凸缘管,(钻井)四通
spooler 盘绳器,(卷绳)滚筒 spooler device 盘缆器
spooling 卷,缠,绕 spooling capacity 缠绕钢丝绳能力,缠绕盘容量
spool piece 卷筒,短管,双法兰短节
spool valve 滑阀
order 指令,命令,顺序
pack 包裹,捆扎,塞满 Company 公司,甲方
Operator 业主,甲方
Contractor 承包商,乙方
Subcontractor 分包商, 子承包商 pump house 泵房
headquarter 总部
lorry 卡车
transport Company运输公司 schedule 时间表,进度表
component 零部件,成分 size 尺寸,大小,尺码
weight 重量,负担,砝码 information 通知,信息,资料
equipment 设备,装备,器材 instruction 指令,指示,说明书
huge 巨大的,极大的,无限的 front part 前部
rear part 后部 draft out 起草,制订,设计
crane 吊车
SCR house 可控硅房
MCC house 电控房 foul-up 混乱,紊乱
circuit plate 电路板
replace 更换,替换,代替
revise 修订,校对,修正,修改 brake shoe 刹车块
wear out 磨损
instrument 仪表,器械,工具
emphasize 强调,着重 safety 安全,保险,安全设备
operation 运转,操作,作业 aspect外表,(问题等的)方面
bother 打扰,烦扰
fax 传真
influence 影响,改变,感化 load 装载,装填,装货
unload 卸货,摆脱,卸 be familiar with 熟悉
consult with 协商,商量
kilometer 千米,公里
suggestion 提议,意见,暗示 save 节省,保存,保全
in order 整齐,适宜,状况良好 take into account 考虑,重视
guy 家伙,人
slope brace 斜拉筋
cross brace 横拉筋 floor sill 底梁
rotary beam转盘大梁 transmit power 送电,发电
standpipe 立管
rotary hose(旋转)水龙带
drainage pipeline 排污管线
Campsite 营地
commissioning 试运转、试车、调试 crownblock 天车
derrick ladder 井架扶梯 metal stake 游车墩子
traveling block 游车
guide line 引绳
drilling wireline 钻井钢丝绳 extension table(钻台)加宽台
dog-house 司钻休息室 auxiliary job 辅助工作
floor tools 钻台工具
kelly 方钻杆
turbine(screw)drill 螺杆钻具 rat hole 大鼠洞
mouse hole小鼠洞 rat holing 钻鼠洞、钻井底口袋
ahead of time 提前 high quality 高素质
make up 配(钻具)
Chapter IV Equipment(Spudding)Inspection By Company HSE Officer And Drilling Supervisor HSE官员及甲方钻井监督 设备（开钻）验收
At the entrance of the site, 8:00 a.m, the Rig Manager, the machinist and the electrician were waiting for the Company HSE officer and the Drilling Supervisor for equipment(spudding)inspection.早上8:00，井场入口处。平台经理、机械技师、电器技师正在等待甲方钻井监督和HSE官员的到来，进行设备验收（开钻验收）。
“Good morning, gentlemen,” the HSE officer greeted them.“早上好，先生们。”HSE官员向他们问候道。“Morning, Marsood.Morning, Email.” “早上好，Marsood。早上好，Email。”
“George, today’s inspection will be strictly performed depending on HSE principls and the regulations of Company.” Email said to the Rig Manager, very seriously: “This morning we’ll inspect the rig site and afternoon we’ll inspect the campsite.”
“George, 今天的开钻验收将严格按照HSE管理条例和甲方的条例要求执行。”Email对平台经理道，神情很严肃。“上午验收井场，下午验收营地。”
“And I’ll fill in this Inspection Report in practice,” the HSE officer added, waving the paper in his hand.“我将根据验收的实际情况填写这份‘验收报告’,”HSE官员挥舞着手中的开钻验收报告补充道。
“Take it easy, Email, Marsood.This is not our first time to take in Spudduing Inspection.We are full of confidences.”
“放心好了。Email，Marsood，开钻验收不是第一次，我们有信心。”
“Very good!” said the HSE officer: “There are 36 items to be filled in the report.If each item is filled in ‘Yes’, you’ll be OK.”
“有信心就好。”HSE官员道：“这份报告要填写36项,只要这份报告的每一项都填上‘Yes’，你们就O.K了。”
“Mr.Hu, Mr.Ran, did you hear? Any equipment and anywhere pointed out by the HSE officer or the Supervisor need to be modified, you must organize people to complete the modification as soon as possible, never influence the spudding date due to delaying.” George instructed the two guys beside him.“胡技、冉技，对HSE官员和监督指正的地方或需要整改的地方，立即组织人员加班加点的完成，决不能影响开钻计划。”平台经理对身边的两位技师吩咐道。
“I bring my notebook,” said the machinist.“我带着笔记本呢。”胡技道。
“Ok.Let’s begin, my Lord.” George posed himself for invitation.“开始吧，大人。”George对HSE官员、钻井监督做出请的姿势。
There was a desk used to register for visitor at the entrance of the site.The HSE officer began to fill in the Spudding Record.在井场入口处有一张来访者填写来访登记用的桌子。HSE官员开始在桌上填写他的开钻记录。
“Site warning line, ‘Yes’;Emergence gathering point, ‘Yes’;Caution Board, ‘Yes’;Sign Boards for putting on safety hat, uniform, shoes, ‘Yes’.” The HSE officer soliloquized while he filled.“井场警戒线，有。紧急集合点，有。警示牌，有。戴安全帽、穿工装、工鞋的标志牌，有。”HSE官员边填边自语道。
“Where’s the Record of Site Entry Register?” asked the HSE officer.“入场登记记录呢？”HSE官员问。
“In the drawer of the desk.” “在桌子抽屉里。”
Hu picked it out from the drawer and handed it to the HSE officer for checking.胡技师从抽屉里拿出来，递给HSE官员检查。
“The rest? Such as: Vehicle Pass In & Out Register;Fire Permit At Site Hazardous Area;Waste Treatment Records;Fire Emergency Program;Blowout Emergency Program etc.”
“其它哪些记录呢？如：车辆出入登记、井场危险区动火许可证、废物处理记录、火灾应急程序、井喷应急程序等等在哪里？”
“Oh, they are in the meeting room,” Hu answered.“Shall I bring them for you to check now?” “我们都有，在会议室里。要不要现在拿来检查？”胡技师问。
“No, thanks.I’ll check them later.” “不用。等会儿再去检查。”
The HSE officer patrolled around the site to check whether the base of the site was level or not, whether the runway, the ramp and the casing frame were fixed well.HSE官员绕场巡视一周查看井场基础是否平整, 跑道、坡道、套管架是否安装好。
“All the surface casings and casing accessories for 26” hole have arrived?” “固26”井眼的表层套管及附件都到齐了吗？”
“Not yet.BMC promised to send the rest 20 joints of 26”casing prior to the first spudding.” “只差20根20”套管，BMC公司答应在一开前保证送到。”
“Email, help George to hasten BMC to send the rest casings as soon as possible.” HSE officer said to Email.“Email, 你帮他们催促一下。”HSE 官员对监督道。
“OK, no problem.” “行，没问题。”
“How many tons of cement have been delivered now?” “水泥到了多少吨？”
“There are 200t in four cement tanks.Enough for the first spudding,” answered George.“四个灰罐里还有200吨。完全够一开固井用了。”George 回答道。
On the way to the substructure, the HSE officer inspected the workers, who were busy on the site, whether their dresses met with the requirements of HSE.在走向钻机底座的路上，HSE官员检查了场地上干活的工人们的着装是否符合HSE的要求。
In the cellar, HSE officer asked the electrician: “Are the plug and the receptacle of immersible pump explosion-proof?”
在方井里，HSE官员问电器技师；“排污用潜水泵的插头、插座都是防暴的吗？”
“Yes.” “是的。”
“Turn on the lights, I am going to check the illuminating system of the substructure.” “打开底座照明灯，我要检查底座的照明系统。”
The HSE officer climbed up the substructure to check the head-lamp one by one, meanwhile he also checked the connecting pins, safety pins and split pins that used to connect and fix the substructure.HSE官员爬上底座对每盏照明灯逐一进行检查, 同时检查底座连接销、安全销、开口销等。
Email checked the diverting device(poor boy), trip tank and drainage ditch, etc.beside the substructure.Email却在检查底座旁的分流器、补给灌、排污沟。
A moment later, they gathered by the cellar again.一会儿后，他们又聚集在方井旁。
“The lampshade threads of a light in the right substructure have been damaged.Need to change a new one.” The HSE officer found out the problem and filled it in the report.“右底座照明灯护罩丝扣损坏，需要更换，”HSE官员说着，将发现的问题填写在验收报告里。
“The drainage ditch around the substructure need to be dredged,” said Email, “Maybe it was plugged while installation.”
“底座四周的排污沟需要再疏通，”Email说：“可能是安装时造成的堵塞。”
“Mr.Hu, Mr.Ran send guys to modify it right now.” George ordered.“胡技、冉技马上派人整改。”
“And you haven’t laid off the wellhead hazard area.” added the HSE officer.“而且还没划出井口危险区域。” HSE官员补充道。
“We’ll do it soon.Ok?”
“我们立即划出井口危险区域，行吗？”
Prior to climbing up the drill floor, they came to the sand pit in front of the survival passage to check whether the pit depth and sand quantity meet to the requirement.上钻台前，他们来到逃身滑道前的沙坑,查看沙坑的深度和堆沙量是否符合要求。
On the ladder to the floor, the HSE officer shook the handrail and touched it with the gloves on his hands.The handrail was fixed and the gloves were very clean, no any smear.在通往钻台的扶梯上，HSE官员用戴着手套的手摇了摇扶手，又在上面摸了一下。扶手很牢固，手套也很干净、没污迹。
“All the handrails on the ladders are fixed, safety and very clean.Look, I also added the safety ropes for the ladders.” the Rig Manager felt proud, “I often tell my guys whenever they are free they must keep the equipment clean, including the handrails.”
“所有楼梯扶手都牢固、安全，而且还挺干净！你看，我还为这些梯子加了安全绳呢，”平台经理很得意，“我常常告诫我的人随时随地要保持设备清洁，包括扶手在内。”
“Just so-so.I hope you can keep it during the whole drilling operation.” “还行。希望整个钻井过程中也能保持这样。”
On the floor, the HSE officer squatted down to check whether the floor flat and the extended table were fixed well.After entering into the doghouse, he carefully checked the quick-connectors of switchboards, cables, explosion-proof air-conditioner and telephone.Then he counted the quantities of oxygen breathers and fire extinguishers configured for the floor, and checked whether the stretcher equipped for the First Aid.钻台上，HSE官员蹲下来检查钻台面及加宽台是否固定好，然后走进入钻台司钻休息室，对电闸、电缆的快速接头、防暴空调、防暴电话进行了仔细检查。清点了氧气呼吸器和灭火器的数量，是否配备紧急救护用的担架。
Email stood in front of Martin.TOTOC, asking: “Has it been debugged ?” Email却停留在马丁.代克仪表前，问道：“仪表调试过了吗？”
“Sure.No problem.” answered the electrician.“调式过了，没问题。”电器技师回答道。
“Remember? During last 5th spud, Martin.TOTOC couldn’t print out log often while drilling.What was the problem?”
“记得吗？上口井五开的时候，马丁仪表经常打不出随钻记录报告，是什么原因？。”
“Oh, an element in the control board damaged.We purchased but failed at that time.Now it has been replaced.”
“哦，控制板有个元件坏了，当时买不到，现在已经换了。”
“Remember.Company requires no intermission in log while drilling during operation, otherwise your day rate will be deducted.Last well, I held back a lot for you and didn’t report the
headquarters about this.”
“记住，甲方要求随钻记录在钻井过程中不能间断，否则要扣日费。上口井多亏我帮你们隐瞒了，没向总部报告。”
“Thanks.This will never happen again.” “谢谢，这次不会了。”
Out of the doghouse, they began to check the equipment on the floor.The Rig Manager knew that the floor was the keystone to be checked.走出司钻休息室，HSE官员、Email开始对钻台上设备进行检查。平台经理知道钻台是他们检查的重点。
The HSE officer was in charge of inspecting circuit and air connections of mechanical units.HSE官员负责检查机械设备的电路连接和气路连接；
Email was in charge of inspecting the running condition of mechanical units — Weight Indicator, Pressure Gauge, Rotary Torque Indicator, DC Torque Gauge, Stroke Counter, Standpipe Pressure Gauge, Drawworks, DC Drilling Motor, Driller’s Control Console, Control Console of Top Drive, Air Hoist, whether the snub line, slings of balance hammer and deadline anchor were fixed and reliable or not.Email负责检查机械设备及仪表 — 指重表、压力表、转盘扭矩表、钻铤上扣扭矩表、泵冲记数仪、立管压力表、绞车，DC钻井马达、司控台、顶驱控制台、风动绞车的运行情况，吊钳尾绳、平衡锤吊绳、死绳固定器是否牢固、可靠。
“Start the drawworks,” the HSE officer ordered the driller, “Start ‘A’ motor first, then ‘B’ motor, at last parallel them.I’ll check whether the motors run in good order.” “启动绞车，”HSE官员对司钻道，“先开A马达，再开B马达，最后并车运行。我要检查直流马达是否工作正常。”
“Yes, sir.” The driller ran the drawworks in accordance with the HSE officer’s instruction.“是。”司钻按照HSE官员的指令逐步启动绞车。
Meanwhile, Email was checking the sensitivity of the brake system of the drawworks—testing main brake band, electromagnetic eddy brake, air brake and crownblock protector;the arrangement and perfection of the drilling line on the drum;the power to makeup and breakout.与此同时, Email却在检查绞车刹车系统的灵敏度 — 测试主刹带、电磁涡流刹车、气刹和防碰天车；滚筒钢丝绳的排列和完好性；猫头上、卸扣的力度。
The drawworks ran smoothly and no abnormal condition occurred.15 minutes later, the HSE officer moved his hand to the driller to stop.绞车运转十分正常，没发现任何异常情况。15分钟后，HSE官员挥手叫司钻把绞车停下来。
“Operate the 1#, 2# mud pumps at rated power of 120spm right now.Each pump runs for 5 minutes.”
“现在按泥浆泵的额定冲数120spm运转1#、2#泥浆泵，每台泵运行5分钟。” minutes passed, the pumps ran very well.The HSE officer and the Drilling Supervisor had nothing to say.10分钟过去了，两台泵运转正常，HSE官员和监督均无话可说。
“Has aligned the wellhead with 11” DC?” Email asked the driller.“用11”钻铤校正井口了吗？”Email问司钻。
“Sure, of course.” “当然校正了。”
“Well, run the rotary table at 50, 80, 100, 120rpm, I’ll check whether it has unusual sound during rotating.”
“好，按50，80，100，120rpm转动转盘，我要检查转盘是否有异常声音。”
The driller did according to his requirement.The HSE officer and the Supervisor listened carefully beside the table, it seemed that they wanted to hear something, but failed.5 minutes later, the rotary table was stopped.司钻按监督的速度要求运行转盘, HSE官员和监督在一旁仔细地监听，似乎要听出点异常,可他们失望了。5分钟后, 转盘停了下来。
“Test the alert horn.” HSE officer ordered.“拉响报警器。”HSE官员道。
The horn sounded, but the distinguishability of(Hi-lo signal alarm)althorn and sackbut was not clearly.The HSE officer shook his head unsatisfiedly.警报响了，可高、低音喇叭分辨不清楚，HSE官员听得直摇头。
“We modify right now,” said the electrician in a hurry, “change the althorn.” “我们马上整改，换高音喇叭。”胡技师赶紧道。
“Well.Check the illuminating system of the mast, now.” the HSE officer said to the electrician.“好的。现在检查井架照明系统。” HSE官员对冉技道。
The electrician switched power supply for the system.The HSE officer looked up to check, and all the lights were shining.冉技合闸，接通井架照明系统电源。HSE官员仰头查看，所有灯都亮着。
“Branch cable connection, lamp holder, lampshade of each lamp in the mast is safe and reliable? No problem?”
“井架上每盏灯的支线电缆的连接、灯座、护罩是不是都安全可靠，不会有问题吧？”
“Absolutely not.I did it myself.”
“井架上的照明电缆是我亲自接的，绝对安全可靠。”
“I trust you.But I must climb up the mast to check them one by one.” he touched the electrician’s shoulder, “I also check whether the pins of the mast were fixed, whether inserted safety pins and split pins for them;whether the hose was tied well with safety line.You see, the stabbing board, the monkeyboard, the crownblock and the escape trolley need to be checked too.”
“相信你，但我还是要上去一一检查。” HSE官员拍拍冉技师的肩头。“我要检查井架销子是否牢固，插了安全销没有；水龙带保险绳是否栓好；检查套管对扣台、二层台、逃生装置及天车的安装情况。”
“Ok, I have to accompany you to climb up the mast.” “好吧，我陪你上去。”
While the two fellows climbed up the mast with safety belt, Email, George and the machinist went to the floor toolhouse.HSE官员、冉技系上安全带上二层台检查去了。平台经理、机械技师和钻井监督走向钻台偏房。
As soon as entering into the toolhouse, George’s face went red immediately, feeling very embarrassed.What they saw was terrible.The floor tools—the hydraulic tongs, slips, elevator, bit breaker,and the hand tools in the tool cabinet —chain tongs, pipe tongs, wrenches, pliers(hand vice), screw driver, steel rulers, steel tape, scissors and adhesive tape, etc.were put in a complete mess.一走进钻台偏房，平台经理的脸一下子红了起来，极为尴尬。他们所见到的惨不忍睹。只见钻台工具 — 液气大钳、卡瓦、吊卡、钻头盒，以及工具柜里的手工具 — 链钳、管钳、扳手、钳子、螺丝刀、钢板尺、钢卷尺、剪刀、胶粘带等摆放得乱七八糟，一塌糊涂。
“Oh, no.” George wailed before the Supervisor complained: “Don’t fill this in the report, please.Give me an hour, I’ll get everything in apple-pie order.”
“噢，不要。”不等监督开口，George先说道：“别记录，给我一个小时，我把这里搞得规规矩矩、井井有条。”
“You are smart.” “算你聪明。”
“What’s wrong, Hu?” George roared to his machinist in a bad temper, “If the spudding date is influenced, you’ll lose you bonus.”
“怎么搞的，胡大班？”George对他的技师发怒道。“影响了开钻，我要扣你的奖金。”
“Yesterday afternoon, I arranged Shift 2 to do it,” murmured the machinist, feeling very grievance.“昨天下午，我安排二班收拾的。”胡大班喃喃道，心头受训感到十分委屈。
The pipeline connection from the pumps to the standpipe was also checked prior to ending the floor inspection.在结束钻台检查之前，他们还检查了泥浆泵到立管的管线连接。
In circulation & solid control system, the HSE officer firstly checked the mud and fresh water prepared for the first spudduing, then the cable slot, wiring condition of shale shaker, vacuum degasser, centrifuge and illuminating system, at last he asked to run the units as per its rated power.循环固控系统，HSE官员首先检查了泥浆罐里为一开准备的泥浆和清水，然后检查泥浆罐上的电缆槽、振动筛、真空除气器、离心机和照明系统的电路情况并要求按这些设备的额定功率试运行这些设备。
Email checked the connections between No.1 to No.5 mud tanks, including butterfly valves, pit level devices in the tanks and the work condition of desilters, desanders, degassers, mud guns, agitators on the tanks.Email检查了1~5号泥浆罐各罐之间的连接，罐里的蝶阀、液位标尺，罐上的除泥器、除砂器、除气器、泥浆枪、搅拌器的工作状况。
“George, the butterfly valve of No.2 tank has a little leakage.Two mud guns are rusted seriously.You didn’t maintain them, right?”
“George，2#罐蝶阀滴漏，泥浆枪有点锈蚀，没有进行润滑保养，是吧？”
“It’s impossible, Email.Maybe it’s the reason of being used for a long time.” George explained.“不会吧，Email。可能是泥浆枪用久了的缘故吧。”George辩解到。
“I don’t care.No matter what reasons, you must send a guy to maintain them, otherwise…” “我不管，反正你得派人搞一下。否则„...”
“Yes, sir.” George interrupted him.“遵命。”George打断他的话。
At last, the HSE officer said: “Show me the mud level records!”
最后SHE官员问：“把泥浆液面观察记录拿来看看？”
“Here you are.” The machinist hand in the record notebook, which was hanged beside the centrifuge.“给。”胡技师把挂在离心机旁的记录本交给HSE官员。
In the weighting house, the HSE officer met the mud engineer who was guiding the local labors to convey barite.在配药房HSE官员遇见了正在指挥当地民工搬运重晶石的泥浆工程师。
“Do you prepare eyewash for the workers?” “备有洗眼液吗？”他问。
“Of course.It’s over there,” said the mud engineer, pointing the eyewash by the rinsing pool.“有，在哪儿。”泥浆工程师指着放在洗手池旁洗眼液说。
“You should paste a clear sign of eyewash over there so that to satisfy HSE requirements,” the HSE officer blamed, “Look, without your reminding of me, I couldn’t find it.” “应该在那里贴上洗眼液的明显标志，这样才符合HSE要求。”HSE官员责备道：“瞧，要不是你提醒，我根本找不到。”
“I see, my lord.” “明白了，大人。”
“Start the weighting pump,” the HSE officer ordered the mud Engineer, ”I’d like to check its running condition.”
“启动加重泵，”HSE官员对泥浆工程师命令道，“我要看看它的运行情况。”
The mud engineer knew that he wanted to check whether it was connected to the hopper, whether the hopper worked normally.泥浆工程师知道他要检查加重泵是否与漏斗连接，漏斗能否正常工作。
After inspecting the solid control system, they came to the pump house.The assistant driller and two roughnecks were busy on No.1 mud pump.检查完固控系统，他们来到泵房。副司钻和2个钻工在1号泵上忙碌着。
“What’s wrong?” asked Email, “any troubles with the pump? It was all right a moment, right?” “怎么回事，”Email问道，“泵出现问题了？刚才试运行不是好好的码？”
“Nothing.I informed them to replace the liner and the piston,” answered the machinist, “when operated the pumps, the small size liner of No.1 pump wasn’t replaced in time during moving.You know, opening the hole with 26” bit needs big displacement, so the small size liner needs to be changed into 190mm.It’ll be completed soon.” “没什么。我通知他们换缸套活塞。”机械大班回答道：“刚才试泵的时候，1号泵还是小尺寸缸套活塞，在搬迁时没来得急更换。你知道，26”井眼开钻需要大排量，因此1号泵要换成190mm缸套活塞。很快就换好了。”
“After the liner replaced, try to run it again,” said the HSE officer.“换好后再试运行一下，”HSE官员道。
“Yes, Sir.” “是。”
No more questions, Email and the HSE officer began to check DC motors, power supply wiring of two pumps, valves and unions of In and Out pipelines.Email与HSE官员不再多问，开始检查两台泥浆泵的DC马达，电源连接，进、出口管线闸
门和由壬。
“Ran, come on,” the HSE officer shouted to the electrician, pointing the cable connector of DC motor of No.2 pump, “The insulating tape winding the cable connector is aging.The cablehead will be naked out soon, I estimate.It needs to be wrapped(wind)again.”
“冉技师，过来一下，”HSE官员对电器技师喊道，指着2#泵DC马达，说：“电缆接头缠绕的胶布老化了，估计用不了多久线头就会裸露出来，需要重新缠绕。”HSE官员对电器技师说。
“I’ll wind the insulating tape for the two pumps over again.” “我马上把两台泵接线头都重新缠绕一遍。”
Out from the SCR house, MCC house and entering into the Generator House, the HSE officer said to the Drilling Supervisor, “The American’s products are unquestionable indeed.I hardly find out any defects.”
从干净、整洁的SCR和MCC房里出来进入发电机房，SHE官员对钻井监督说：“美国佬的产品确实无可挑剔，我简直找不出什么毛病。”
“That’s because you are not familiar with them,” said Email, “Last well, something wrong with the modules of No.3, No.4 control cubicles, it brought them a lot of troubles and almost caused a downtime.”
“那是你不太熟悉他们罢了，”Email道：“上口井，SCR房里的3#柜、4#柜里面的模块出了问题还不是一样的麻烦，差点造成停钻事故。”
“Oh, I see.To me, electric is very complex.” The HSE officer shook his shoulder helplessly.“哦，对我而言，电这个东西确实太复杂了。”HSE官员无奈地耸耸肩。
“Shall I start 4 CATs for inspection?” asked the motorman while they were chatting.谈话间，机房司机问要不要启动四台CAT 3512发动机组让他们验收
“Only start No.2 generator sets to check running condition.” “启动 2#机组，我们看看运行情况就行了。”
Later, in the oil tank battery, they checked valves, pipeline connection of fuel tanks and the motor that used to transfer the fuel oil.随后，在油罐区，他们检查了几个燃油罐的阀门、管线连接和高架罐的油泵马达。
Outside of the remote control station, Email checked the valves and unions in the control manifold carefully to find out whether there is a leakage or not.在远程控制房的外面，Email仔细检查了控制管线的阀门和由壬，查看有无泄漏。
In the station, Email and the HSE officer checked whether the independent automatic accumulator unit of the control system for BOP stacks was in good condition, whether the remote
control panel clearly showing open and close positions for preventers and the hydraulic operated kill / choke line valves.Without recharging, whether the accumulator capacity was adequate for closing and opening all preventers and closing again the annular and one ram type preventer and hold them closed against the rated BOP WP.远程控制房里，Email和 HSE官员检查了用于防喷器组控制系统的独立自动储能装置是否状态良好；遥控台上是否清楚标识防喷器和液压操作压井/节流管线阀门的开位和关位。勿需再充氮，储能量是否适合关闭和打开所有的防喷器，再关闭环空和一个闸板防喷器并针对额定的BOP工作压力保持其关闭。
At the same time, they also checked the low pressure warning alarm and the low fluid level warning alarm equipped in the station.同时，他们还检查了远控房里配备的低压报警和低液位报警装置。
“Ok, not bad.The configuration of the station completely satisfies HSE requirements.” The HSE officer gave his comment.“不错。远控房的配置完全满足HSE要求。”HSE官员评价道。
As soon as entering into the fire-fighting house, what stroke their eyes were the fire-fighting tools put in apple-pie order.The fire-fighting axes, shovels, buckets, fire blankets and fire hoses were hung as consistent with the layout lines on the walls.The fire extinguishers on the ground met HSE layout requirements completely.最后他们走进消防房。只见消防工具—消防斧、消防铲、消防桶、灭火毯、消防管线按壁上的画线，摆放得井然有序，地上摆放的灭火器整整齐齐，完全符合SHE对消防设备的摆放要求。
“How many extinguishers equipped in total?” HSE officer asked.“一共配备了多少瓶灭火器？”SHE官员问。
“Equipped according to HSE standard.10 liters foam extinguisher, 12 bottles;10 liter powder extinguisher, 12 bottles.”
“灭火器是按SHE标准配备的。10升泡沫灭火器12瓶、10升干粉灭火器12瓶。”
“Prepared fire sand?” asked Email.“防火砂准备没有？”Email问。
“Sure, at the left side of the substructure,” answered George, “Shall I show you?” “当然准备了，在底座左边，”George回答道：“要不要带你去看看。”
“Not necessary.” “不必了。”
The HSE officer began to check the labels, valid date and the latch of the extinguisher, whether it worked or not.SHE官员检查这些灭火器的有效期、标签以及锁销是否工作。
“George, the powder extinguishers only have a month’s valid date.I think you should order new ones.”
“George, 干粉灭火器的有效期还有一个月，我想你们该订购了。”
“We’ve listed it in our procurement schedule.” “这个已列在我们的采购计划中。”
Out of the rig-site, HSE officer asked George: “How many searchlights are used to illuminate the whole site?”
走出井场，SHE官员问平台经理：“井场照明用了几盏探照灯？”
“20 searchlights around the site.”
“整个井场用了20盏探照灯，分别在井场四周。”
“Install another 2 searchlights at air drilling package, make the front site lighter at night, Ok.” The HSE officer suggested.“在空钻设备处加2盏探照灯，使前场更晚上更亮点。” HSE官员建议道。
“Good idea.” “没问题。”
“It’s time for inspecting the clinic.” The SHE officer offered.“走，看看你们的医务室。” HSE官员提出要对医务室进行检查。
In clinic, Mr.Liu, the doctor of the Drilling Crew, was busy in assorting and registering the messed medicine and medical appliances due to moving.医务室里，随队的刘医生正在将药品及医疗器械归类、登记。
“Hi, Dr.Liu.” greeted the HSE officer, offering his hand.“你好，刘医生。” HSE官员伸手问候道。
“Hi, Marsood.Welcome.” Dr.Liu held his hand.“你好，Marsood。欢迎检查。”
Checking the medical instruments, the medicine cabinet, First Aid equipment according to HSE requirements, the HSE officer felt satisfaction with what Dr.Liu did.HSE 官员按HSE要求检查了医疗器械、药品柜、急救设备，感到很满意。
“Very good.Doctor Liu,” he appreciated, “However, next month is summer, the weather will be much hotter in this region.You should prepare abundant medicine for sunstroke prevention.” “很好，刘医生。”他称赞道。“不过，下个月就进入夏季了，这个地区天气较为炎热，应配备充足的防暑降温药品。”
“Sure.This shift I bring some traditional Chinese medicines for sunstroke prevention.I think no problem.”
“那是当然，这轮班我带些防暑降温的中药过来，应该没问题。”
“Snakes often appear in this region in summer days.Do you prepare any blood serums for emergence?”
“这地区常有毒蛇出没，配备了应急用的些血清没有？”
“A little, only three serums.It’s very difficult to buy this kind of anti-toxin serum.” “有，但只有三只。这种血清在市场上很难买到。”
“I’ll try to help you.” HSE officer promised.“我给你们想想办法。” HSE官员承诺道。
“Thank you in advance.” “那就谨先致谢。”
In the afternoon, accompanied by the Camp Manager, the HSE officer inspected all the camp establishments--kitchen, dining-room, storeroom, employee’s caravans, laundry and bathroom, etc.He wanted to know whether these establishments could be up to the HSE standard of sanitation.下午，HSE官员在营地经理陪同下对营地设施—厨房、餐厅、储藏室、员工住房、洗衣房、卫生间进行检查，看卫生条件能不能达到HSE的标准要求。
In the laundry, HSE officer tested two washing machines and two dryers.洗衣房里，HSE官员试了二台洗衣机和二台干洗机。
“Look, that washing machine doesn’t work.Why not to send it to be repaired?” “瞧，那台台洗衣机坏了，为什么没送去修理？”
“The laundry and its equipment are still in the guarantee period.We have touched the supplier, and he promised to send a repairman to repair it soon.”
“洗衣房及其设备还在保修期内，我们已经供货商联系过了，他们答应很快派人来修理。”
The next door was the bathroom, the HSE officer ordered the camp manager to open all the waterlines to check the taps and the showers.洗衣房隔壁是浴室，HSE官员叫营地经理打开所有水管线检查水龙头和蓬头。
“Two showers damaged.One waterline leaked.They should have been replaced or repaired, why?” the HSE officer asked unhappily.“浴室里有两个蓬头坏了，水管线也漏水，为什么没有更换和修理？” HSE官员不悦地问道。
“Sorry.We just settled down, having no time to consider this.But I’ll send a guy to modify at once.”
“对不起，我们刚安定下来，没来得及。不过，我马上派人整改。”
“Remember, next time, no sorry.” The HSE officer said seriously, meanwhile he filled what he had found in the report.“记住，下次可没有对不起，”HSE官员严厉道，同时记录在验收报告里。
In this case, the Camp Manager began to be a little worried because he did not know what would happen in the next during inspection.这种情况下，营地经理开始担心起来因为他不知道接着会出什么事。
The HSE officer frown as he saw the flies flying all round in the dining-room, saying: “ Mr.Tang, look, so many flies, you should equip a unit for the dining-room to drive out of the flies.To have dinner in a clean and comfortable circumstance, it will be good for the employee’s health.” 在餐厅，看见四处飞舞的苍蝇，HSE官员皱了皱眉头说：“唐经理，餐厅里的苍蝇太多，应该有一台驱苍蝇设备。这样员工们在干净的环境里就餐，会对身体有好处。”
“The unit is being purchased.I’m sure you’ll have different feelings while you come to inspect next time.”
“我们正在积极采购，下次你来检查感觉肯定不一样。”
“I hope so.” “但愿如此。”
At night, in the meeting room at site, HSE officer affirmed today’s inspection referring his Inspection Report, and offered his suggestions about modification according to HSE principles.晚上，井场会议室，HSE官员对今天的验收给予了肯定，也提出了整改意见。
“Anyway, few places need to be modified.I hope that you complete the modifications as soon as possible, otherwise the spudding date will be delayed,” said the HSE officer.“总之，需要整改的地方不多，希望你们尽快完成，不影响开钻日期。” HSE官员道。
“Set your heart at rest.I guarantee we’ll complete the modification in a day,” the Rig Manager promised, “ and spud on time.”
“你放心，一天之内我保证整改完毕，”平台经理承诺道：“保证按时开钻。”
“Well, I’ll consign the last inspection to Email,” HSE officer said, “If he thinks OK, you’ll be OK.” “那好，最后的整改验收，我委托Email执行。”HSE官员道：“如果他认为行了，你们就过关了。”
Vocabulary spudding inspection 开钻验收
regulation 规章,规则,调节 fill in 填充
in practice实践,实际上,熟练
take in接受,接待,吸收,理解
confidence信心
modify修改,更改,整改
instruct教导,命令,指示,通知 register登记,注册,记录
caution board警示牌 sign board标志牌
patrol出巡、巡逻 runway跑道
ramp坡道
catwalk 狭窄的过道,高空走道;高台,天车台
catworks 辅助(猫头)绞车,绞车的猫头部分 casing frame套管架
surface casing表层套管 casing accessories 套管附件
casing adapter 套管异径接头
casing anchor 套管锚
casing anchor packer 套管锚封隔器 casing annulus 套管环空
casing appliances 下套管工具
casing centralizer 套管扶正器
casing check valve 套管止回阀, 套管回压凡尔 casing clamps 套管卡子
casing collapse 套管挤坏
casing collar 套管接箍
casing connecting spool 双法兰短节 casing connection 套管连接
casing deformation 套管变形 casing dog 套管打捞矛
casing elevator 套管吊卡 casing failure 套管断裂,套管损坏
casing fitting 套管配件 casing float collar 套管浮箍
casing float valve 套管浮阀 casing gauge 套管丝扣规
casing guide shoe 套管引鞋
casing-head spool 套管头四通
casinghead squeeze 套管头挤水泥 casing-head top 套管头顶
casing hold-down ring 套管头压紧环 attachment附件,附加装置
hasten催促,赶紧,促进 cement水泥,注水泥,结合剂,胶结剂
cement tank灰罐 plug 插头
receptacle插座 diving pump 潜水泵
explosion-proof防爆 illuminating system照明系数
head lamp照明灯 connecting pin连接销
safety pin安全销
split pin开口销
diverting device(poor boy)分流器 drainage ditch排污沟
lampshade灯罩
dredge挖掘,疏通
wellhead hazard area井口危险区域 sand pit 沙坑
survival passage逃生滑道 handrail扶手
glove手套
smear油迹,污点,涂上,抹掉,除污
squat down蹲、蹲下 floor flat 钻台面
extended table加宽台
doghouse司钻休息室
quick-connector快速接头 switchboards配电盘,配电板
oxygent breather氧气呼吸器 fire extingwisher灭火器
configure配置,设定 stretcher担架
First Aid紧急救护 debug调试,调试工具;排除
print out打印 log while drilling随钻记录
control board控制板 intermission间断
hold back隐瞒
keystone重点
circuit connection电路连接 air connection气路连接
weight indicator指重表
pressure gauge压力表
rotary torque indicator转盘扭矩表 DC motor直流电机
AC motor交流电机
air hoist风动绞车
DC torque gauge钻铤上扣扭矩表 stroke counter泵冲记数仪
standpipe pressure gauge立管压力表 snub line吊钳尾绳
balance harmmer平衡锤 sling吊绳
deadline anchor死绳固定器 sensitivity敏感系数（度）,灵敏性
brake system刹车系统 electromagnetic eddy brake电磁涡流刹车
air brake气刹 crownblock protector(saver)防碰天车
drum滚筒
rated power额定功率
align对准,校正,校直 alert horn报警器
althorn高音喇叭 lampshade灯罩
lampholder灯座
safety line保险绳
stabbing board对扣台（套管）escape trolley逃生滑车
safety belt安全带
floor toolhouse钻台偏房
hydraulic tong液气大钳 slip卡瓦
elevator吊卡
bit breaker钻头盒
tool cabinet工具柜 chain tong链钳
pipe tong管钳
wrench板手
pliers钳子、老虎钳 steel ruler钢圈尺
scissor剪刀
adhesive tape胶粘带
fresh water清水
cable slot电缆槽
vacuum degasser真空除气器 rated power额定功率
butterfly valve蝶阀 pit level device液位标尺
desilter除泥器
desander除砂器
degasser除气器 mud gun泥浆枪
agitator搅拌器 leakage漏,泄漏,渗漏
rust铁锈,（使）生锈 mud volume泥浆体积
weighting house加重房 barite重晶石
eyewash洗眼液
rinsing pool洗手池
weighting pump加重泵 hopper漏斗
piston活塞
union油壬
cable connetor电缆接头 age老化
insulating tape绝缘胶布 defect缺陷、缺点
control cubicle控制柜 downtime停钻
oil tank battery油罐区 fuel tank燃油罐、高架罐
fuel oil燃油
remote control station远控房
control manifold控制管汇 automatic accumulator unit自动储能装置
tap水龙头
BOP stacks防喷器组
remote control panel远控台 shower蓬头
kill line 压井管线 choke line节流管线
preventer防喷器 annular环空
ram闸板
WP（working pressure）工作压力
low pressure低压 low fluid level低液位
fire-fighting消防
fire blanket消防毯
fire hose 消防水龙带
foam extinguisher泡沫灭火器
powder extinguisher干粉灭火器
fire sand防火砂
valid date 有效期 latch锁销
searchlight探照灯
medical instrument医疗器械
establishment设施、确定、制定 kitchen厨房
dining-room餐厅 storeroom储藏室
laundry洗衣房
bathroom卫生间
washing machine洗衣机 dryer干燥机、干洗机
guarantee period保修期
Chapter V Drilling Operation 钻井作业
At midnight, George, the Rig Manager, was woken up from dream, looking at his watch beside the pillow, it was 4 a.m.before dawn.In the mist, he wanted to go asleep again, suddenly he reminded that today was the spudding date of TBK-3, so his drowsiness disappeared at once.He got up, put on his uniform and rushed to the rig-site.Only 3 hours and 18 minutes left to the spudding time, he would complete the final safety inspection prior to spudding during this period.深夜，平台经理George从梦中惊醒，看了看放在枕边的手表，才凌晨4点钟。迷糊中，他准备再次入睡，可猛然想起今天是TBK-3井的开钻日，顿时睡意全消。他赶紧起床、穿衣，奔向井场。现在离开钻时间还剩3小时又18分钟，他要在这段时间里作开钻前的最后安全检查。
On the rig floor, George asked the driller who was operating the brake handle: “Have you completed to make up the strings for the first spudding?”
钻台上，George问操作刹把的司钻，道：“一开的钻具配好了吗？”
“Two hours ahead of time.” “提前两小时就配好了。”
“The BHA of the first spudding is…?” “一开的钻具组合是„..？”
“26” bit + 11”float valve + 11” drilling jar + 11”DC + 11” crossover sub + 9”DC + 9” crossover sub + 8”DC + 8” crossover sub + 5 1/2”DP.”
“26”钻头+ 11”浮阀+ 11” 随钻震击器+ 11”钻铤+ 11”转换接头+9”钻铤+9”转换接头+8”钻铤+8”转换接头+ 5 1/2”钻杆。”
“OK.The design depth of first spud is 893m.How many meters of drill pipe have been lifted from the drill box to the pipe rack? “
“OK，一开的设计井深为893米。从钻杆盒里吊了多少米钻杆到钻杆架上？”
“Over 800 meters.” “吊了800多米。”
“Has the wellhead been aligned?” “校正井口没有？”
“Yeah.The Toolpusher has done it.” “带班队长校正过了。”
“Well done.Lift another 300m drill pipe to the pipe rack, and then tell your guys to take a short rest.Use an hour to get the floor tools in tidy for saluting the spudding.”
“很好。再吊300米钻杆到钻杆架上，然后叫大伙儿稍作休息。用一小时的时间将钻台工具收拾规矩，迎接开钻。”
“Ok, sir.”
“好的，头儿。”
Finishing the floor inspection, he went to the circulation & solid control system along the ladder.检查完钻台，George顺着扶梯走向循环固控系统。
“Xiao Li.” George ordered the roughneck who was cleaning the mud equipment, “Start the three Derrick shale shakes, centrifuge, charge pump, and check their running condition carefully again.” “小李，将三台Derrick振动筛、离心机、灌注泵启动起来，再仔细检查检查一下它们的运行情况。”George对正在清洁设备的捞砂工命令道。
“Ok, sir.”
“好的，头儿。”
As soon as Xiao Li switched the power on, the equipment started to run at once.George listened for a while, a smile showed on his face.小李一合上电闸，设备立即运转起来。George听了一会儿，脸上爬上满意的微笑。
“You must keep them in normal operation after spudding, frequently observe outlet return during drilling.”
“开钻后一定要保证它们的正常运转，勤观察出口的返出情况。”
“No problem.I guarantee.” “没问题，我保证！”
On No.4 mud tank, George met the mud engineer, Chang Lin, on night tour, who just came out from the barite house nearby.His uniform was covered with white mud materials.在4#泥浆罐上，George遇见了上夜班的泥浆工程师常林，他刚从配药房出来，工作服上满是白色泥浆材料。
“Hi, Mr.Chang.Mud for the first spudding is ready?” “你好，常工。一开需要的泥浆配齐了没有？”
“Sure.According to the Drilling Program about the drilling fluid in this well, drilling 26” hole with air/foam or foam mud, I mixed up 120 m3 foam mud with density of 65 pcf.Besides, I vacated two mud tanks for mixing up LCM(lost circulation material)mud whenever if necessary.” “配齐了。根据这口井对钻井液的指令要求，26”井眼用空气/泡沫或泡沫泥浆，我配了120 m3泥浆密度为65pcf（1.04g/cm3）的泡沫泥浆。另外，我还腾出两个罐随时调配堵漏泥浆。”
“You considered in all aspects!” appreciated George, “The drilling progress of this well will rely on your mud.”
“你想得很周到，”George赞赏道：“这口井的进度全仰仗你们泥浆了。”
“We’ll try our best.But you must guarantee our water supply this time, otherwise…” “我们会全力以赴的！但这次一定要保证泥浆用水，否则„..”
“I’ll also try my best to guarantee that,” George interrupted him, promising solemnly.“我会想办法保证的。”George打断他，郑重地承诺道。
In the pump house, he met the Toolpusher, zhou Hua, who was performing routine inspection.在泵房，他与巡回例检的带班队长周华相遇。
“So, you can’t set your heart at rest and come to check?” “怎么，不放心，还要来看看？”
“Of course.You know the responsibility on my shoulders.The drilling cycle of this well was reduced.If the spud is not our day that some troubles occur, we…”
“那是当然。你知道我肩上的责任。这口井钻井周期减少了，如果开钻不顺，出了漏子„..”
“Stop, my manager.Don’t speak unlucky words.We’ll be successful.” “打住吧，我的经理。我们不需要听不吉利的话，我们会成功的！”
“Successful!” repeated George.“Has the SCR house, MCC house and the wellhead been checked?” “会成功的！”George重复道：“SCR房、MCC房还有井口都检查了吗？”
“Yeah.All are in normal condition.They’re waiting for your order.” “一切正常，只等你一声令下。”
“OK.At 7 o’clock,” George issued his first order, “inform all the guys on tour to gather at the wellhead.Kill the goat to hold a memorial ceremony for the well.” “好。7点正，通知所有上班人员井口聚齐。杀羊，祭井。”
“Who’s the killer?” “杀手是谁？
“Laden, the local labor we employed(hired).For the ceremony, the Camp Manager and Laden
went down the hill to buy the goat.”
“我们雇请的当地劳工Laden。为了祭井，昨天营地管理员（营地经理）和Laden还专门下山一趟买这只羊。”
“The Supervisor isn’t against killing, is he? He is a Christian.” “监督不反对杀生吗？他可是个基督徒。”
“He knows the local customs and habits, as well as Chinese habit to seek luck.Even the spudding time why we chose 7:18, the interpreter explained to him, he agreed to it completely，thinking 18 is a lucky number.”
“他知道这是当地的风俗习惯，也知道中国人图吉利的习惯。就连开钻时间为什么选定7点18分，翻译给他解释了，他也很赞同，认为18是个吉利数字。”
Backed to the office, George felt more sureness.回到办公室，George感觉更踏实些。
Last night, Email, the Drilling Supervisor, came to his office to discussed the Drilling Program and Drilling Cycle issued by Company with him and emphasized the shortages existed in the last well.昨晚，监督Email来到办公室同他探讨甲方给这口井的下达的指令书和钻井周期，着重强调了打上口井存在的不足。
“George, the design depth is 3380m, same depth as the last well, but the drilling cycle is only given 85 days, 30 days less than the last well.”
“George, 这口井的设计井深同上口井一样是3380多米，而钻井周期只给了85天，比上口井的钻井周期要少了30天。”
“I know.We have preparation in mind.” “我知道。我们有思想准备。”
“In the Drilling Program, Company summarized the troubles encountered in the last well in four aspects: “钻井指令书里，甲方对上口井所遇到的麻烦总结了四点： 1.Considerable time lost due to caving formation, losses and kicks.由于垮塌层、井漏和井涌事故损失了大量的钻井时间；
2.Unavailability of the air drilling package in the 26” hole section and the mid
section of the 17 1/2” hole.在26”井眼和17 1/2”井眼中段未能有效使用空钻设备；
3.Inappropriate casing setting depths.套管坐封位置不恰当；
4.Not having a consistent water supply.”
供水不足。”
After the Supervisor finished his statement, George said: “Email, about the first point, we have studied out a set of effective schemes to deal with downhole problems, such as caving, loss, kick and shrink(tight)hole etc.and use them at corresponding intervals.在监督陈述后，George 说：“Email，关于第一点，我已经同我方的工程技术人员研究出一套对付垮塌、漏层、井涌、缩径等井下事故有效方案，在这口井的相应井段使用。”
He halted for a moment, then continued: “About air drilling package, we’ll add two air compressors to increase the displacement from 100m3/min to 165m3/min.That can completely meet the requirement of drilling operation.” 他停顿了一下，接着道：“关于空钻设备，这口井我们将新增2台空压机，排量从100m3/min提高到165m3/min是完全能满足钻井需要的。”
“Inappropriate casing setting depths,” he thought for a while, saying: ”some were due to your supervisor’s wrong order or inappropriate measurements.To solve the problem of consistent water supply at all, I think, only through Company to assort with the local Drilling Crew.” “套管坐封不到位，” 他想了想，说：“那是你们监督的作业指令有误或措施不当造成的。要想根本解决水的问题，我想只有通过甲方与当地钻井队协调才能得到解决。”
“About water supply, I’ll urge Company to solve it.Don’t worry.” “关于生产用水，我会敦促甲方的，这一点尽管放心好了。”
“If it is so, we are sure to complete the well successfully.” George encouraged himself.He believed he had the ability as well as his employees did.“如果是这样，这口井我们肯定会成功”George鼓励着自己。他相信自己有这个能力，也相信他员工们也有这个能力。
At 7:18 in the morning, 26”bit was fed into the hole.Email, George and the Toolpusher stood behind the driller, watching him adjusting each drilling parameter: 7点18”，26”钻头准时入井。George、Email和带班队长站在司钻背后，看着他在司控台上调整各个钻井参数：
Rotary Speed: 50-70rpm;
转盘转速:
50-70转/分;WOB(Weight on Bit): 1-2t;
钻压:
1-2T;Pump Pressure: 1 Mpa;
泵压:
1Mpa;Pump Stroke(No.1): 60-70/min;
泵冲（1号泵）: 60-70/min;Pump Stroke(No.2): 60-70/min;
泵冲（2号泵）: 60-70/min;Displacement: 50-60l/s.排量:
50--60l/s。
The driller fed the bit in a moderate and justified speed;footage deepened a meter by a meter.Spudding got along smoothly.Everybody’s face showed satisfying smile.司钻均匀、平稳送钻，进尺一米一米的往下加深。开钻顺利，大家脸上爬上了满意的笑容。
“Email, good beginning is half of success.Good spudding means an omen of success.” George said to the supervisor beside him.“Email, 良好的开端是成功的一半。钻开得不错, 是个好兆头。”George对身旁的监督说。
“I hope so.” Email was not so optimism as him, saying: “But I should remind of you to fully realize the geological condition of the first spudding interval of 893m, master the geological features of each formation described in Drilling Program: “但愿如此！”Email并不象他这样乐观，说：“不过，我要提醒你要充分了解一开893米井段的地质情况，仔细阅读作业指令里描述的每一个层段的地质特性。
The Gashsaran Formation is approximately 167m thick and is consisted of mainly anhydrite and interbedded anhydritic limestone and red, grey marls;Gachsaran 地层167米厚，主要为硬石膏、夹层石膏灰岩和红泥灰岩、灰泥灰岩。
Asmart and Jahrum Formation is approximately 537m(167-704m)thick and consists primarily of a limestone and dolomite.This sequence is highly fractured and porous.In total, more loss zones in the upper 26” hole section, the lower is stress sloughing shale and tight hole interval, easy pipe sticking.”
176-704米的Asmart和Jahrum地层主要为灰岩和白云岩。这个层序很容易为断层和渗透层。总之，26”井眼段上段漏层多，下段是应力页岩垮塌层缩径井段，容易卡钻。”Email一口气地向George陈述道。
“Don’t worry, the mud engineer can mix up LCM mud at anytime.I have told the driller whenever drilling in Asmart and Jahrum Formation, back reaming 10 meter per 1 stand of drill pipe to clean borehole wall and keep the barehole unhindered.And on the solid control system, there will be a guy to keep his eyes on the change of pit level.”
“别担心，泥浆工程师随时可以配制堵漏泥浆。我已告知司钻进入Asmart 和Jahrum地层每钻1立柱进尺，倒划眼十米，清理井壁，保证井眼畅通。固控系统也会有人一直密切监视液面变化。”
“That’s good.To perform deviational survey when drill to 200m.Since then, carry out a survey each trip.”
“很好！钻至200米时测斜，以后每次起下钻，测斜一次。”
“Ok.” “好的！”
“Oh, it’s almost 9 o’clock.Sorry, it’s time for me to report to the Headquarters about the spudding.Goodbye, gentlemen.”
“哦，都9点过了。对不起，我该向总部汇报开钻情况了。先生们，再见。”
Email left the floor in a hurry.49 Email匆匆离开了钻台。
The 3rd day of spudding, the Drilling Supervisor, Email was in his office, kept his eyes on real time on-site monitor to observe each changing drilling parameter.Observing almost an hour, he found that the drilling torque increased, rotary speed fluctuated, and the drilling time reduced.He thought it was necessary for him to go to the floor for judging.开钻第三天，办公室里甲方钻井监督Email密切注视着时实监视器上各个钻井参数的变化。在将近1个小时的时间里，钻井扭矩增大、转盘转速有波动，钻时减慢。他想有必要上一趟钻台观察一下。
When climbing up the floor, he saw the Toolpusher holding the brake handle, and George was also observing the change of drilling parameters on the driller’s console.当他爬上钻台，看见带班队长在扶刹把，而George在观察司钻控制台上钻井参数的变化。
“Hello, Email.I am going to report you the present drilling status, as you have come.” “你好，Email。我正要向你报告目前的钻井情况，你就来了。”
“I’ve noticed a little abnormity on the monitor.Does the table have a bouncing phenomena?” Email asked the Toolpusher.“我从监视器上也注意到了异常。转盘有憋跳现象吗？”Email问扶刹把的带班队长。
“A little, not very obvious,” said the Toolpusher hesitantly, “ I guess maybe some teeth worn out or bit balling”
“有一点，不很明显。”带班队长迟疑道：“我估计钻头牙齿有磨损或泥包钻头。”
“George, have any report about lithologic change of cutting samples from mud logging.” “George, 录井方面有没有报告砂样有岩性变化。”
“No change.Still sandstone.” “没有，还是砂岩。”
“How many hours is the bit in the hole?” “这只钻头打了多久？”
“64 hours.” “64小时。”
“Well, half an hour later,” Email gave his order, “if the drilling speed is the same or bouncing pricks up.Pull out(POOH)and replace the bit.” “那好，再钻半个小时，如果钻速还是这样或憋跳加剧，起钻，更换钻头。”Email发出指令。
“Ok.Email, the depth is 193m now, we’d like to perform deviation survey ahead of time prior to pulling out, so as to check the deviation orientation of the drilled interval,” suggested George.50
第四篇：钻井作业操作规程
钻井作业操作规程 司钻岗操作的重点要求
1.1司钻在操作过程应及时调试好刹把角度，调刹把时大钩上严禁有负荷。刹带下面严禁垫东西。
1.2钻具在裸眼井段内静止时间不超过3min，以上下活动为主，活动幅度大于4m。1.3起下钻、钻进作业时刹把上不得离人。
1.4在钻井施工过程中，发生钻具遇卡，司钻一方面安排人员向值班干部汇报，一方面应针对卡钻的性质，及时采取解卡措施。卡钻初期处理的一般原则： a）上提遇卡以下放为主。
b）下放遇阻卡以大力上提为主。c）粘附卡钻以压放转动为主。
d）沉砂砂桥卡钻要即使小排量顶泵。e）尽量保持循环畅通。2 各工序操作的重点要求 2.1下钻
2.1.1下钻注意控制钻具下放速度，当悬重超过300KN，司钻应使用辅助刹车。
2.1.2下钻铤时，井架工注意观察提升短节是否倒扣，发现倒扣立即发出信号通知司钻。2.1.3下完钻铤及时在井口放上小补心。
2.1.4钻具上扣时如用B型大钳紧扣；液压大钳上扣时钳头不得打滑，扭矩应达到附表
2、附表3规定的要求（液压大钳上扣扭矩与液压的关系见附表1）。
2.1.5下钻司钻注意观察指重表，遇阻不超过100kKN，遇阻应起钻至正常井段后开泵循环划眼。
2.1.6下钻时外钳、泥浆工注意观察井口钻井液返出情况，连续3柱不返钻井液，司钻应接放钻杆开泵循环，待循环正常后再下钻。
2.1.7井深超过2500m或井下泥浆静止时间超过24h，下钻时应分段顶泵或循环，但应该避免在易垮塌井段顶泵或循环。
2.1.8下钻中途及下钻完开泵要求小排量间断开泵，注意观察泵压表，开泵泵压根据不同地层情况而定，防止憋漏地层，开泵不通应立即起钻至正常井段再接方钻杆开泵。当井口返出钻井液后，慢慢加大排量至正常。2.2划眼
2.2.1在上部软地层划眼时，当泵开通泵压正常后缓慢下放钻具，遇阻10-20KN后拨动转盘划眼，待悬重恢复后再下放。以冲划为主，防止出现新眼。
2.2.3下部硬地层划眼时，启动转盘负荷正常后缓慢下放钻具遇阻划眼，开始钻压不超过10-50KN，hua烟正常后再视情况决定划眼钻压。
2.2.4划眼过程中注意转盘负荷和泵压，发生转盘负荷增大及时停转盘并控制好倒车。2.3钻进
2.3.1下钻完循环正常后，司钻刹住刹把启动转盘，安排人员将指重表灵敏指针刻度调至“零”。
2.3.2钻进时发生蹩跳钻时要分析原因。钻头使用到后期当出现蹩跳钻时应立即起钻。
2.3.4钻进过程中注意观察泵压和悬重，发现泵压、悬重下降，应立即检查原因，若地面检查不出原因应起钻检查。
2.3.5钻进中循环系统出现故障，需较长时间修理时，应把钻头起至安全井段。
2.3.6使用高效钻头要注意搞好短程起下钻，在大斜度定向井钻井过程中根据井下摩阻情况及时进行短程起下钻。
2.3.7钻进时泥浆工注意观察井口流量和泥浆罐液面高度，发现井漏、溢流及时向司钻和泥浆组长汇报。2.4接单根
2.4.1场地工（记录工）吊单根前认真检查钻具内、外螺纹及台阶密封面是否完好，检查钻具水眼是否畅通。
2.4.2在鼠洞接单根时要紧扣。井口钻具紧扣时如用B型大钳紧扣，要求双钳紧扣；液压大钳上扣时钳头不得打滑，扭矩应达到附表
2、附表3规定的要求（液压大钳上扣扭矩与液压的关系见附表1）。
2.4.3定向井斜井段接单根防粘卡。接单根前上提钻具如有挂卡现象，要活动正常后再接单根，接单根时要注意井下钻具静止时间不超过3min。
2.4.4流砂层接单根防止尘砂卡钻、防止堵喷嘴。接单根工作要快，做到晚停泵、早开泵。2.4.5接完单根后下放钻具，控制好下放速度。2.5起钻
2.5.1起钻前倒好灌钻井液闸门，并检查钻井液是否能灌入井内。2.5.2新钻井段、定向扭方位井段和易垮塌井段使用低速档起钻。
2.5.3每起出3柱钻杆或起出1柱钻铤灌满钻井液，特殊情况连续灌入。
2.5.4起钻注意指重表，遇卡不超过原悬重150KN，上提无效后，应下放之正常井段接方钻杆卡泵循环，泵压正常后上提或倒划眼，注意泵压变化。
2.5.5起钻注意是否有“拔活塞”开泵，用小排量间断开泵，注意观察泵压表，泵压表起压后停泵，待压力下降后间断开泵，当井口返出钻井液后慢慢加大排量至正常。开泵不通下钻至正常井段再接方钻杆开泵。
第五篇：钻井英语500句
钻井英语５００句
一、主-系-表句型
（一）主-系-表句型是英语中最常用的句型之一，其结构是:主语+系词+表语。主要用来表示某人或某物是什么,处在什么状态或是什么样子。句中的系词be要根据主语的人称而变化。第一人称单数用am(was),第三人称单数用is(was〕,其它人称都用are或 were。如果把系词be放在主语前边,就变成了疑问句
1.我是司钻,你是钻工。I’m a driller.You are a roughneck.2.我们是钻工,你们是机工。We're fIoormen.You are motormen.3.你不是技师。You are not a tool pusher.4.你们不是司机。You are not motormen.5.他不在钻台上。He is not on the drill f1oor.6.他们在泥浆罐上。They are on the mud tank.7.你是技术员吗? 是的,我是。Are you a technician? Yes, I am.8.你们是工程师吗? 不, 我们不是。Are you engineers? N0, we are not.9.这是什么? What is this?
10.这是一个喷射式钻头。This is a jet bit.11.这些是什么? What are these?
12.这些是接头和配合接头(大小头)。These are subs and X-overs(crossovers)
13.那些是什么? What are those? 14.那些是提升短节。Those are lift subs.15.这是卡瓦,对吗?It is a slip, isn't it?
16.那些是安全卡瓦和吊卡,对吧? Those are safety slips and elevators, aren’t they?
17.他们是干什么的? What are they?
18.他们是我们的领导和参观人员。They are our leaders and visitors.19.这个技师的名字叫刘林。The name of the tool pusher is Liulin.20.这些不是这个电机的开关。These are not the switches 二、主-系一表句型
21.我不是这个队的司钻。I’m not a driller of this crew.22.他是泥浆工程师吗? Is he a mud engineer?
23.他是定向工程师,对不对? He is a directional engineer, isn't he? 24.他是干什么的? What is he? 25.他是钻井工程师。He is a drilling engineer.26.他是副司钻,不是司钻。He is an assistant driller.He is not a driller.27.钻头在钻台上吗? Is the bit on the drill floor? 28.吊车在井场吗? Is the crane on the location?
29.我们都是这个队的钻工。We are all roughnecks of this crew.30.这不是一口生产井。This is not a production well.31.安全第一、工作第二。The first is safety, the second is work.32.钻杆长、接头短。The pipe is long，he sub is short.33.中原油田是个大油田。Zhongyuan oilfield is a large oilfield.34.面积大,油层厚。The area is large.The oil formations are thick.35.井深而地层复杂。The wells are deep.The formations are complicated.36.原油储量大,产量高。The crude oi1 reserve is great.The output is high.37.油的粘度是400到1500厘泊。The viscosity of the oil is from 400 to 1500cp(centipoises).38.碳和氢是化学元素。Carbon and hydrogen are chemical elements.39.在常温下碳是固体,而氢是很轻的气体。Carbon is a solid at ordinary temperature.Hydrogen is a very 1ight gas.40.石油一般是液体,有时是液气混合物。Petroleum is usually in the form of a 1iquid, sometimes it is s mixture of liquid and the natural gas.Drilling 钻井
1.Carry out drilling operation in accordance with the drilling program.按钻井程序进行钻井作业.2.Prepared bell nipple.准备“喇叭口”短节.3.Make up 2 joints of drill pipe.接两根钻杆.4.Break out this connection.卸开该接头.5.Run hole opener to sea bed.下扩眼器到海底
6.Mix gel fluid for drilling conductor hole.为钻导管井眼配制高粘度泥浆.7.Make up bottom hole assembly.组合下部钻具
8.Check and reset crown-saver on every tour.每个班都要检查并重新调整天车防碰装置.9.Number stands on trip out and trip in.起下钻时给立柱编号.10.Pick up BHA and run to seafloor.将下部钻具下到海底.11.Pick up stands.接立柱
12.Don't drill faster than 15 minutes for 1 stand.钻进速度别超过15分钟1根立柱
13.Drop TOTCO.投(陶特)测斜仪
14.Fish TOTCO with overshot.用打捞筒捞起测斜仪
15.Resume drilling to T.D.继续钻进到总深Circulate 15 minutes.循环15分钟
17.Run in hole.下钻
18.Put out of hole.起钻
19.Make an inventory of all ring gaskets.开一个所有垫圈的清单
20.Use spinning tong.使用气动扳手
21.Operate the air winch.操作气动绞车
22.Lay down 57 joints of 5” drill pipe.甩57根钻杆
23.Pick up drill stem test tool.提起钻杆测试工具
24.Circulate mud for 2 hours.循环泥浆2小时
25.Move string during circulation.在循环时注意活动钻具 26.Circulate hole clean.循环清洗井眼
27.Circulate bottoms up.循环泥浆几周28.Fill up every 5 stands.每5柱灌泥浆一次
29.Check mud weight every 15 minutes.每15分钟检查泥浆比重
30.Reverse out excess cement.反循环替出多余的泥浆
31.Change/replace old mud by new mud.用新的泥浆替换出旧的泥浆
32.Stop drilling.停止钻进
33.Drilling ahead.钻进
34.Pull out of hole bit.起出钻头
35.Change bit.换钻头
36.Run the wear bushing.下抗磨补心
37.The bit thread type is regular pin.钻头丝扣是正规公扣
38.What's the make-up torque? 上扣扭矩要多大? 39.Run in 9” collars.下9”钻铤
40.The cathead can't give enough torque.猫头力量不够 41.Connect crossover sub.接上配合接头
42.The tong angle is too small.大钳的角度太小了
43.Stop circulating.停止循环泥浆
44.Break out the stand.卸立柱
45.Set the single into the mousehole.把这个单根放进鼠洞
46.Can we break out the pipe with rotary table? 可用转盘卸扣吗? 47.No!Break it out with tong.不行!要用大钳卸扣
48.Spin it out with the air spanner.用气动扳手卸扣
49.Put the pipe wiper on the string.装上钻杆刮泥器
50.Don’t set this stand back.这根钻杆不要放在钻杆盒上
51.Make up the lift sub.接好提升短节
52.Secure the safety clamp.上紧安全卡瓦
53.The bit is nearing the shoe.钻头快到套管鞋了
54.Slow down the running speed.放慢下放速度
55.This is the undergauged interval.这是缩径井段 56.This is the drilling program.这是钻井设计书
57.How much weight on bit is required? 要加多少钻压?
58.Keep the rotary speed at 120---140 RPM.转速保持120---140转/分
59.Keep the flow rate at 3000 LPM.保持排量3000升/分
60.The pump pressure is too high.泵压太高了
61.Don't ream the hole too fast.划眼不要太快
62.Notice the rotary torque.注意转盘扭矩的变化
63.The penetration rate is getting slower.钻速变慢了
64.The bit is nearly worn out.钻头快磨光了
65.Stop drilling at 2000 meters.钻至2000米停钻
66.Circulate for one hour.循环一个小时
67.The pump pressure has increased.泵压升高了
68.One nozzle may be plugged.可能有一个水眼(或: 喷嘴)堵了
69.What is the hook load? 悬重多少?
70.What's the pick-up weight? 上提重量是多少? 71.What's the lowering weight? 下放重量是多少? 72.Run in HWDP.下加重钻杆
73.A stabilizer is needed here.这里需要一个扶正器
74.This is a flexible sub.这是挠性接头
75.This is the BHA log.这是下部钻具组合记录
76.Record all outside and inside diameters.记录好所有(入井工具的)内外径
77.We need a short drill collar.需要一根短钻铤
78.Pull the cat line.拉猫头
79.Operate the break lever.操作(或:扶)刹把
80.Stop the pumps.停泵
81.Make a wiper trip.通井
82.Retrieve wear bushing.取出抗磨补心
83.Bleed off pressure.(释)放压(力)
84.Keep 5 wraps on the drum.滚筒上留5圈
85.Set slips.座上卡瓦 86.If tight hole, repeat wiper trip.如果井眼紧, 重复划眼
87.Setback bottom hole assembly.将下部钻具立于钻杆盒内
88.Make sure all alarms are on.确保所有的警报信号都开着
89.Lay down TDS spinner.拆下顶部驱动的旋扣器
90.Run in hole bit #15 to bottom.用15号钻头下钻到井底
91.Run in hole to casing shoe.下钻至套管鞋
92.Pick up same bit and BHA.装上同样的钻头和钻具组合93.Lay down 5” HW drill pipe.甩5”加重钻杆
94.Move string every 2 hours.每2小时活动钻具一次
95.Keep area around shaker clean.保持振动筛区域干净
96.Control trip gas.控制起下钻气
97.Ream if needed.如必要时进行划眼
98.Select the best penetration rate.选择最佳钻进速度
99.Fix the traveling assembly.固定游动系统
100.Check power tongs and spinning rope are on drill floor.检查动力钳和尾绳是否在钻台 100.What’s the weight on bit? 钻压是多少?
101.What is the BHA of this well? 这口井的下部钻具如何组合? 102.Drill out cement.钻穿水泥
103.Drill out 20” casing shoe.钻穿20”套管鞋
104.Latch the elevator.扣吊卡
105.Unlatch the elevator.开吊卡
106.Set the slips.放卡瓦
107.Adjust the crown-o-matic(crown saver).调整防碰天车
108.Lock the hook pin.锁紧大钩销子
109.Check OD of stabilizer.检查扶正器的外径
110.Perform leak off test.进行地层破裂(或:渗漏)测试
111.Connect kill and choke line.接上压井和放喷管线
112.Reverse out the drill pipe.反循环清洗钻杆
113.Make a short trip.进行短途起下钻
114.Change the cutters.换割刀 115.Slug the pipe.灌重泥浆
116.Drill the stand down.钻完立柱
117.Start/run the shale shaker.开振动筛
118.Start the desanders.开除砂器
119.Start the desilters.开除泥器
120.Change it with a 40 mesh screen.换成40目筛布
121.Shut it off.关掉
122.Pull it to the cat ramp.把它拉到坡道上去
123.Make a fast connection.接单根要快
124.Don’t dump the mud into the sea.不要把泥浆排放到海里
125.Disconnect it with a chain tong.用链钳卸开
126.Put a thread protector.加一个(丝扣)护箍
127.Can we use the power slips? 可以使用动力卡瓦吗? 吊拉和甩下钻杆单根的安全操作规程
1.SPECIAL TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT 特殊工具和设备 Drillpipe lifting 钻杆提丝（尺寸合适）
Drillpipe drift(appropriate size)钻杆通径规（尺寸合适）Soft brush and Cleaning solvent软刷和清洗剂 Pinand Box protectors公、母接头护丝 Kelly cock with Wrench方钻杆旋塞和扳手 Circulating sub接头,循环头 Drillpipe dope 钻具丝扣油
Tape measure卷尺（tapeline,tape）Inside BOP（blow out prevent）内防喷器 Correct size Rig tongs正确尺寸的大钳 2.SAFETY INFORMATION 安全注意事项
1)Ensure that escape routes(doors, stairs楼梯, etc.)are accessible，at all times and are not obstructed阻挡，妨碍。by hoses, Tools, etc.随时保证逃生路线可以使用（门，梯子等），不被管线、工具所阻挡。2)Special attention must be paid while lifting the drillpipe from the catwalk猫道（跑道）onto the rig floor with the air tugger and lowering the traveling block at the same time.当用气动绞车把钻杆从猫道吊到钻台并同时下放游车时，要特别注意。3)Nobody is allowed to stand between the single being brought in / laid down and the joint in the rotary table.Nobody is allowed to stand with their back to the V-door, during these activities.严禁站在正在提升或甩掉的钻杆和钻盘内单根之间，严禁背对井架大门。
4)The Floormen guiding the single across the rig floor must keep feet well clear of the pin end of the single.Winch operators must not lower singles until they are completely sure that feet are well clear of the pin end.钻台上的钻工必须注意使双脚离开单根公接头的下方，气动绞车操作者必须确认钻工双脚远离公扣下放后再下放单根。
5)Keep feet well clear of the drillpipe pin end when the drift is still in the pipe and the pipe is vertical.当通径规还在钻杆内并且钻杆处于垂直位置时，保持双脚远离钻杆公扣下方
3.STANDARD OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS(DO'S AND DON'TS)标准操作注意事项
(1)This operation requires a Toolbox Talk, covering equipment use and positioning of personnel.这项操作要求召开工作前安全会，会议内容包括使用的设备和人员的位置。
(2)Ensure that all hoisting / lifting equipment, wires and lifting caps are in a safe condition and conforms with the current GWDC colour coding and have valid inspection certificates.确保提升设备，钢丝绳和提丝工作状态良好，符合当前GWDC的颜色识别编号和有效的检验证书。
(3)The air winch Operator shall ensure that the winch wire is moving freely in the derrick(possibly guided by pulleys)to avoid any damage to the steel structure, especially the fingerboard.气动绞车操作者要确认气动绞车钢丝绳和井架不干涉(可以用滑轮导向)，以避免损伤井架的钢结构，特别是指梁。
(4)Ensure that the correct grade of pipe is being picked up.确认吊起的钻杆级别是正确的。
(5)When installing the lifting cap, ensure it is tight.一定要旋紧提升提丝。
(6)Before and after operation, count the drillpipe(DP)on the pipe rack to verify tally figures.操作前后，数一下钻杆架上的钻杆数量，和钻杆记录表核实。(7)Any damaged DP is to be painted red(highlighting the damage)and reported to the Toolpusher for change of inventory status and transport back to base / warehouse.任何损伤的钻杆要喷上红漆，并报告带班队长变换钻具库存记录，运回基地或库房
(8)When singling in, ensure pipe tally is updated as DP is being picked up.Number as per GWDC DP numbering system.当逐根下入钻具单根时，钻杆记录表要更新，并根据GWDC的程序进行编号。(9)If pipe is 5" in diameter or greater, tail the pipe using a rope as it clears the top of the V-door and enters the rig floor.The use of a rope to tail in pipe of a smaller diameter is at the Toolpusher's discretion.直径是或大于5〞的钻杆，从坡道见到钻台上时，要拴牵引尾绳；直径5〞以下的钻杆，由带班队长决定是否拴尾绳。
(10)When singling out, ensure pipe tally is adjusted to reflect the pipe being laid down.当逐根甩掉单根时，确认钻杆记录表经过调整并反映出被甩的钻杆
钻井英语500句2 2010-03-21 09:45 4.INSTRUCTIONS 指令 4.1.Singling In 吊拉单根
(1)Verify the size and current colour coding of the lifting cap.核实提丝的大小和颜色编码。
(2)Clean and examine the threads and shoulders on box and pin ends, and inform the Driller of any damage.清洗和检验公、母扣的丝扣、台肩，发现损伤报告司钻
(3)Verify the grade of the drillpipe, measure length, record and inform the Driller.验证钻杆的等级，测量长度，记录并报告司钻
(4)Remove the protector from the box end, apply dope(thread compound), and install the drift and lifting cap, ensuring the lifting cap is tight.卸掉母扣护丝，抹上丝扣油，装上通径规和提丝，确保上紧提丝。(5)Attach the air tugger to the lifting cap and lift the pipe off the catwalk.挂上提丝把钻杆吊离猫道。
(6)Tail the drillpipe with a rope as it swings through the V-door.因为钻杆经过井架大门坡道时来回摆动，要在钻杆上拴上尾绳。(7)Remove the pin protector and retrieve the drift, keeping feet well clear.卸掉公扣护丝，取出通径规，保持脚下利索。
(8)Lower the drillpipe joint into the mouse hole, and remove air tugger and lifting cap.下放单根进小鼠洞，摘掉气动绞车和提丝。
(9)If the rig is equipped with a top drive, the Driller activates the linktilt towards the joint in the mouse hole and the Floormen latch the elevators.如果钻机配备了顶驱，司钻打前伸按钮使吊卡靠近小鼠洞中的单根，钻工扣上吊卡。
4.2.Singling Out 甩掉单根
(1)After the connection has been broken out the Floormen pull the single over the mouse hole.卸开扣后，钻工把单根推向小鼠洞。(2)The Floormen dope the pin and install a pin thread protector.钻工给公扣抹上丝扣油，戴上护丝
(3)If a top drive is used, after the single has been broken out, the Driller uses the linktilt to move the single towards and into the mouse hole.如果配备了顶驱，卸开扣后，司钻打前伸按钮，并把单根推向、放入小鼠洞。
(4)The elevators are opened when the joint stands up and then are held back from swinging across the rig floor.下放吊卡，单根接头离开吊卡时，打开吊卡并后摆。
The Floormen dope the box and install the lifting cap, attach the air tugger and lift the joint clear of the mouse hole.钻工给母扣抹上丝扣油，带上护丝，挂上气动绞车把单根提离小鼠洞。
Note: The drillpipe can be cleaned and doped after it has been rolled off the catwalk.注意：钻杆被滚离猫道后要清洁丝扣和涂抹丝扣油。
Tail / push pipe out of the V-door keeping feet well clear.Winch operator must ensure that the last joint laid down is no longer on the catwalk and that the catwalk is clear of personnel before slowly lowering the pipe out of the V-door.保持脚下利落，把钻杆推出或用绳子牵引出大门坡道。气动绞车操作者在慢放钻杆出大门坡道前，要确认猫道上没有钻具和人员。Note: When running in or laying down a large amount of drillpipe, special attention must be paid while working around the mouse hole.The Mouse hole shall be covered at all times when not in use.注意：当吊拉或甩掉大量钻杆时，在小鼠洞周围工作时要特别注意，小鼠洞不用时要一直盖着。
(7)Remove the lifting cap, install the box protector and roll the joint onto the pipe rack.卸掉提丝，带上母扣护丝，把钻杆滚到管排架上。4.3.Special Considerations 特殊事项
(1)When breaking out singles, any problem connection must be marked, recorded in the Tally Book and reported to the Toolpusher.当卸扣时，有问题的接头要划上记号，记录在钻具记录本上，并向带班队长汇报。
Make-Up and Break-Out Procedures Using Rig Tongs
使用吊钳进行钻具上扣和卸扣的安全操作规程
SPECIAL TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT 特殊工具和设备 Tong jaws钳头 Tong dies 钳牙
Correct size Rig tongs 适当尺寸的大钳 Tong pins 大钳销子 Safety latch springs 安全锁定弹簧 Split pins 开口销 Grease 黄油 Grease gun 黄油枪
2.SAFETY INFORMATION 安全事项
The Driller must ensure that the Floormen are outside the area of the tongs before pulling on the tongs, if an abnormal amount of torque is to be applied during make up or break out.当上、卸扣扭距异常时，司钻拉大钳前必须确认钻工站在大钳区域之外。Snub lines for the rig tongs must be inspected and be in good working order.钳尾绳必须检查并状态良好。
Hanging lines for the rig tongs must be inspected and be in good working order
吊绳必须检查并状态良好。
The Floormen must be instructed on proper placement of hands while operating the rig tongs.操作大钳时，必须教导钻工把手放在正确位置。
3.STANDARD OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS(DO’S AND DON’TS)标准操作注意事项
(1)Always use two sets of rig tongs of the proper size to break out or make up connections.要使用合乎标准尺寸的双钳上、卸扣。
(2)The Floormen must lubricate rig tongs at regular intervals, and always before and after each trip
钻工必须定期保养大钳，如起钻前和下钻后。
(3)The slack in the rig tong safety line must be sufficient for the tong to obtain full benefit from the pull of the cathead, but short enough to prevent half rotation of the rig tong
钳尾绳的长度长短合适，足够长以满足大钳施加足够的拉力，足够短以避免大钳的旋转角度不够。
(4)Ends of the braided safety lines should be secured by thimbles which are properly cast, spliced or talurit-clamped to prevent unravelling.安全绳的末端使用心环，心环要正确的铸造，压制或者用卡子以避免散开。
(5)Rig tongs must be kept clean to ensure proper operation.大钳必须保持清洁确保正确操作。
(6)Rig tong dies must be inspect regularly and must be replaced when worn or damaged.Ensure that the tong dies are secured with safety pins.钳牙必须定期检查，磨损和损坏的钳牙一定要更换，要使用钳牙安全销。
(7)Rig tong line pulleys and counterbalances must be inspected at regular intervals.大钳的悬挂滑轮和平衡配重必须定期检查
(8)Rig tong pins and hinges must be inspected regularly for wear and replaced if any wear is observed.大钳销子和铰链必须定期检查磨损情况，如果磨损严重要更换。(9)Rig tong pins, shackle pins and bolts must be secured with the proper size split pins.大钳销子，卸扣的销子和螺栓必须配有合适尺寸的开口销。
4.INSTRUCTIONS 指令
4.1.Breaking Out Connections with the Rig Tongs 用大钳卸扣(1)The Floormen remove the safety latch springs and the tong pins and change the tong jaws to match the size of the pipe or tubular to be broken out.钻工打开安全弹簧和取下大钳销子，换上合适尺寸的钳头以匹配钻杆或管子的尺寸
(2)The Driller ensures that the safety latch springs are replaced on the tong pins.司钻要确保大钳销子上的安全锁定弹簧被放到原位。
(3)The Floormen set the slips, or where applicable, the Driller sets the automatic slips.钻工卡上卡瓦（如果有的话，司钻卡上自动卡瓦）。
(4)The Floormen engage the rig tongs on the drillpipe or tubular tool joint.(The breakout tong is placed on the top tool joint and the makeup tong is placed on the bottom tool joint).钻工在钻杆或管子接头上上打上大钳（内钳打在上方接头上，外钳打在下方接头上）。
Note: Special attention must be made to ensure the rig tongs are placed above the hard facing on the tool joint.注意：大钳必须打在接头耐麽层之上。
(5)The Floormen make the rig tongs bite by pulling on the tong jaw and pushing on the tong arm.钻工通过拉钳头、推钳柄使钳子咬紧。
Note: The Floorman must properly place their hands on the rig tongs to prevent injury.注意：钻工必须正确放置手的位置以免受到伤害
The Driller engages the breakout cathead and pulls on the breakout tong.This will cause the breakout tong to bite on the upper tool joint.At the same time, the makeup tong bites on the bottom tool joint.The connection is then broken.司钻操作卸扣猫头拉动卸扣大钳，这会使卸扣大钳咬紧上部接头，同时上扣大钳咬紧下方接头 扣被卸开。
Note: The Driller must ensure that the cathead line is at right angle(90 degrees)to the tong arm.The Driller must note the breakout torque and mark the joints for further inspection if the breakout torque is not equal to or within less than 10% of the makeup torque.注意： 司钻必须确认猫头绳与钳柄之间的角度垂直（90·），如果卸扣扭距不等于或小于上扣扭距的10％，司钻必须留意卸扣扭距并作好记号以便进一步检查。(7)The Floormen spin out the connection using the air spinner, or if applicable, the Driller utilises the top drive to spin out the connection.钻工使用气动旋扣器卸开扣，或者如果可能，司钻用顶驱卸开扣。(8)The Floormen apply proper pipe dope into the thread box of the pipe joint.钻工用合适的丝扣油涂抹接头母扣。
(9)The Floormen remove the rig tongs and tie them back safely out of the way.钻工打开大钳，放置到安全位置并拴牢。
4.2.Making Up Connections with the Rig Tongs 用大钳上扣
(1)The Floormen remove the safety latch springs and the tong pins and change the tong jaws to match the size of the pipe or tubular to be made up.钻工取下安全弹簧和大钳销子换上合适尺寸的钳头以匹配钻杆或管子的尺寸。
(2)The Driller ensures that the safety latch springs are replaced on the tong pins.司钻要确保钳销上的安全锁定弹簧被放到原位。
(3)The Floormen set the slips and the Driller picks up a joint or a stand of pipe.钻工卡上卡瓦，司钻提起一单根或一立柱。
(4)The Floormen apply pipe dope to the box and pin end of the connection thoroughly.钻工均匀地在公、母扣上抹上铅油。
(5)The Floormen stab the pin end of the joint into the box of the joint in the rotary table.钻工把公扣接头放进转盘上单根母扣接头内。
(6)The Floormen rotate the pipe into the box utilising the air spinner or where applicable, the Driller utilises the top-drive or the kelly spinner.钻工用气动旋扣器旋上扣或者司钻用顶驱或方钻杆旋扣器上扣 The Floormen engage the rig tongs onto the drillpipe or tubular tool joint(The makeup tong is placed on the top tool joint and the breakout tong is placed on the bottom tool joint).The Floormen make the rig tongs bite by pulling on the tong jaws and pushing on the tong arm.钻工在钻杆或管子接头上上打上大钳（内钳打在下方接头上，外钳打在上方接头上）钻工通过拉钳头推钳柄使钳子咬紧。
Note: The Floorman must properly place their hands on the rig tongs to prevent injury.注意：钻工必须正确放置手的位置以免受到伤害。
(8)The Driller engages the makeup cathead, pulls on the makeup tong causing the make up tong to bite on the top tool joint.At the same time, the breakout tong bites on the bottom tool joint.The Driller continues to pull on the makeup tong until proper torque is applied to the connection.司钻操作上扣猫头拉动上扣大钳，这会使上扣大钳咬紧上部接头，同时卸扣大钳咬紧下方接头 司钻继续拉动上扣大钳直到达到合适地扭距(9)After the connection has been tighten to proper torque, the Floormen remove the rig tongs and tie them safely out of the way.用合适地扭距上紧接头后，钻工打开大钳，放置到安全位置并拴牢。
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