第一篇：作文用繁体字加分之我见
亲要见亲，爱要有心
著名导演冯小刚和著名演员张国立在今年两会提出要在中小学语文课本里加入部分繁体字的建议，说以前的亲边上有个见字，意思是亲人永相见。以前的爱中间有个心字，有心才有爱。近来看到网上一篇《准得可怕!43个汉字简化后的现实预兆》的文章，提到親（亲）亲不见，一年难见父母面。处处留情乱播种，子女难得在身边；產（产）产不生，人流手术随处见。良田抛荒到处是，不要五谷只要钱；鄉（乡）乡无郎，个个都往城里赶。村中难见青年面，只有老弱和病残；愛（爱）爱无心，试问几人是真情。逢场作戏到处有，只要有钱就是亲。读完不禁扼腕叹息。
连含义丰富的字体都简化了，何况是人呢？亲戚老不见，远亲不如近邻的近邻是猫是狗都不知，在这个城市的森林里，我们看见了一个个鸟笼套在楼屿中。我们的视野不再开阔，我们眼前的景色是楼与楼之间的距离，以及困着我们的防护栏。
没有了心的爱，爱情变的廉价。“山无棱江水为竭，才敢与君绝。”“两情若是久长时，又岂在朝朝暮暮”“在天愿做比翼鸟，在地愿为连理枝”......那感人的爱，只能出现在电视里。我们被剧情感动的痛哭流涕，却站在自己爱情面前冷眼旁观，一分钟的动心七秒钟的冷却。当一切都变的速食化，灵魂枯萎。亲、爱。逃离了。
永远有多远？幸福是否只是一瞬间？那天长地久缠绵的情话，为何说道最后却成了互相欺骗的谎言，我们早就忘记当初牵手的感觉，是左手牵你，还是左手拿包，皮肤与皮包的质感，在激情退怯后混淆。
每个东西都有保质期，包括那不变的亲、爱。
鸡肋的爱，丢之可惜食之无味。于是我们给对方冠冕堂皇的谎话，放纵自己去追寻那如火的爱情。却忘记当初自己也是如此激情如此沸腾。怕只怕激情过后，我们还能拿什么再去寻找下一段如火如荼的爱„„
当一起吃饭成为一种习惯，当并肩看电影只为免除交谈，当接吻拥抱变成理所当然。亲爱的，我们是相爱还是害怕孤单？
我们不再打电话，因为我们发短信了，我们不再见面了，因为有视频了。我们不再出去吃饭，因为可以电话点餐了，你不再陪我逛街了，因为有淘宝了。
社会在发展，可是人与人之间距离却远了。当亲人永不见，当爱没有心。我们变的陌生了，我们活在人群中，却发现人与人之间，近得那么远。我们像刺猬，明明是同类，却有无法拥抱的悲哀。
近日，湖北某高校中国古代文学作品课的刘卫华老师定下的“加分政策”引发学生热议。她认为 文字是文化的载体，用繁体字可以更加贴近历史，了解作者在创作作品时的思想情感。
随着时代的发展，人们对提高符号互动的表达效率有了更为强烈的需要，汉字简化既符合中国文字演变的基本规律，也有效地满足了社会需求，成为不可逆转的时代潮流。在一个讲究效率、追求精准的社会里，简化汉字由于其使用价值，已经成为一种主流的文字表现形式，融入大多数人的价值观念和表达习惯之中。
在此背景下，“繁体字答题加分”究竟是开倒车还是另有深意？超越蜻蜓点水的“浅阅读”，我们就会发现为人师者的良苦用心。繁体字本来就是中国传统文化的一个有机组成部分，“繁体字答题加分”这项激励措施与中国古代文学作品这一课程有很强的契合性，应该给予基本的专业认同。
难能可贵的是，“繁体字答题加分”不是生硬、强制的“一刀切”，而是融入了“异质思维”。不同的学生对繁体字有不同的价值判断，对繁体字的理解能力和接受能力也存在着鲜明的差异性。如果将使用繁体字答题作为一项硬性规定，难免会强人所难，而作为一种有别于“大锅饭”的选择性激励，则是对优秀学子的一种额外奖赏。
在社会分工越来越专业化、精细化的当下，如果说认识繁体字是一种技能的话，书写繁体字则需要专业的训练和培养。对古代文学、历史文献等学科有钻研兴趣的学生毕竟是少数，认识、书写繁体字也只是少数人的“拿手好戏”；如果刻意地将认识、书写繁体字当成一项硬性任务，不仅会增加学生们的额外负担，也会进入“初衷良好，方法僵化，效果不尽人意”的怪圈。
“繁体字答题加分”的背后，没有繁体字和简化字的文化分歧和价值冲突，有的只是教育从业者对培育学生专业兴趣、提升学生专业能力的初心。为人师者为好学者提供了一种激励举措，是否愿意领取奖赏，说到底还是要尊重学生的意愿和主体性。
伴随着物质生活的渐次丰盈，对精神家园的渴望和追寻成为我们共同的文化基因。现代大学具有人才培养、科学研究、文化传承和社会服务等基本功能，繁体字尽管“曲高和寡”，却依然有人去研究和传承它。走出“浅阅读”和“标签论”的误区，从专业认同的角度来看待“繁体字答题加分”，才是我们应有的理性态度。
作为教育创新的产物，“繁体字答题加分”值得肯定和鼓励。只不过，不能将繁体字答题任务化、指标化，和学生素质进行生硬的关联。毕竟，汉字简化是现代化进程的必然产物，“逆流而动”难免会引发学生的质疑与批评。
第二篇：不作简化偏旁用的繁体字简化字对照表
不作简化偏旁用的简化字
本表共收简化字350个，按读音的拼音字母顺序排列。本表的简化字都不得作简化偏旁使用。
A
碍〔礙〕 肮〔骯〕 袄〔襖〕
B
坝〔壩〕 板〔闆〕 办〔辦〕 帮〔幫〕 宝〔寶〕 报〔報〕
币〔幣〕 毙〔斃〕 标〔標〕 表〔錶〕 别〔彆〕 卜〔蔔〕
补〔補〕
C
才〔纔〕
馋〔饞〕
尘〔塵〕
丑〔醜〕
聪〔聰〕
D
担〔擔〕
籴〔糴〕
斗〔鬥〕
E
儿〔兒〕
F
矾〔礬〕
凤〔鳳〕
G
盖〔蓋〕
构〔構〕
观〔觀〕
H
汉〔漢〕
壶〔壺〕
欢〔歡〕
J
击〔撃〕
家〔傢〕
硷〔鹸〕
讲〔講〕
借〔藉〕
据〔據〕
K
开〔開〕
亏〔虧〕
L
腊〔臘〕蚕〔蠶〕(1)灿〔燦〕 层〔層〕 搀〔攙〕 谗〔讒〕 缠〔纏〕(2)忏〔懺〕 偿〔償〕 厂〔廠〕 彻〔徹〕 衬〔襯〕 称〔稱〕 惩〔懲〕 迟〔遲〕 冲〔衝〕 出〔齣〕 础〔礎〕 处〔處〕 触〔觸〕 辞〔辭〕 丛〔叢〕 胆〔膽〕 导〔導〕 灯〔燈〕 邓〔鄧〕 敌〔敵〕 递〔遞〕 点〔點〕 淀〔澱〕 电〔電〕 冬〔鼕〕 独〔獨〕 吨〔噸〕 夺〔奪〕 堕〔墮〕 范〔範〕 飞〔飛〕 坟〔墳〕 奋〔奮〕 粪〔糞〕 肤〔膚〕 妇〔婦〕 复〔復、複〕 干〔乾(3)、幹〕赶〔趕〕 个〔個〕 巩〔鞏〕 沟〔溝〕 购〔購〕 谷〔榖〕 顾〔顧〕 刮〔颳〕 关〔關〕 柜〔櫃〕 号〔號〕 合〔閤〕 轰〔轟〕 后〔後〕 胡〔鬍〕 沪〔滬〕 护〔護〕 划〔劃〕 怀〔懷〕 坏〔壞〕(4)环〔環〕 还〔還〕 回〔迴〕 伙〔夥〕(5)获〔獲、穫〕 鸡〔鷄〕 积〔積〕 极〔極〕 际〔際〕 继〔繼〕 价〔價〕 艰〔艱〕 歼〔殲〕 茧〔繭〕 拣〔揀〕 舰〔艦〕 姜〔薑〕 浆〔漿〕(6)桨〔槳〕 奖〔奬〕 酱〔醤〕 胶〔膠〕 阶〔階〕 疖〔癤〕 洁〔潔〕 仅〔僅〕 惊〔驚〕 竞〔競〕 旧〔舊〕 剧〔劇〕 惧〔懼〕 卷〔捲〕 克〔剋〕 垦〔墾〕 恳〔懇〕 夸〔誇〕 块〔塊〕 困〔睏〕 蜡〔蠟〕 兰〔蘭〕 拦〔攔〕 栏〔欄〕 烂〔爛〕
(7)
累〔纍〕 垒〔壘〕 类〔類〕(8)里〔裏〕 礼〔禮〕 隶〔隷〕 帘〔簾〕 联〔聯〕 怜〔憐〕 炼〔煉〕 练〔練〕 粮〔糧〕
疗〔療〕 辽〔遼〕 了〔瞭〕(9)猎〔獵〕 临〔臨〕(10)邻〔鄰〕 岭〔嶺〕(11)庐〔廬〕 芦〔蘆〕 炉〔爐〕 陆〔陸〕 驴〔驢〕 乱〔亂〕 M 么〔麽〕(12)霉〔黴〕 蒙〔矇、濛、懞〕 梦〔夢〕 面〔麵〕 庙〔廟〕 灭〔滅〕 蔑〔衊〕 亩〔畝〕 N 恼〔惱〕 脑〔腦〕 拟〔擬〕 酿〔釀〕 疟〔瘧〕 P 盘〔盤〕 辟〔闢〕 苹〔蘋〕 凭〔憑〕 扑〔撲〕 仆〔僕〕(13)朴〔樸〕 Q 启〔啓〕 签〔籤〕 千〔韆〕 牵〔牽〕 纤〔縴、纖〕(14)窍〔竅〕 窃〔竊〕 寝〔寢〕 庆〔慶〕(15)琼〔瓊〕 秋〔鞦〕 曲〔麯〕 权〔權〕 劝〔勸〕 确〔確〕 R 让〔讓〕 扰〔擾〕 热〔熱〕 认〔認〕 S 洒〔灑〕 伞〔傘〕 丧〔喪〕 扫〔掃〕 涩〔澀〕 晒〔曬〕 伤〔傷〕 舍〔捨〕 沈〔瀋〕 声〔聲〕 胜〔勝〕 湿〔濕〕
实〔實〕 适〔適〕(16)势〔勢〕 兽〔獸〕 书〔書〕 术〔術〕(17)树〔樹〕 帅〔帥〕 松〔鬆〕 苏〔蘇、囌〕虽〔雖〕 随〔隨〕 T 台〔臺、檯、颱〕 态〔態〕 坛〔壇、罎〕叹〔嘆〕 誊〔謄〕 体〔體〕 粜〔糶〕 铁〔鐵〕 听〔聽〕 厅〔廳〕(18)头〔頭〕 图〔圖〕 涂〔塗〕 团〔團、糰〕椭〔橢〕 W 洼〔窪〕 袜〔襪〕(19)网〔網〕 卫〔衛〕 稳〔穩〕 务〔務〕 雾〔霧〕 X 牺〔犧〕习〔習〕 系〔係、繫〕(20)戏〔戲〕 虾〔蝦〕 吓〔嚇〕(21)咸〔鹹〕 显〔顯〕 宪〔憲〕 县〔縣〕(22)响〔響〕 向〔嚮〕 协〔協〕 胁〔脅〕 亵〔褻〕 衅〔釁〕 兴〔興〕 须〔鬚〕 悬〔懸〕 选〔選〕 旋〔鏇〕 Y 压〔壓〕(23)盐〔鹽〕 阳〔陽〕 养〔養〕 痒〔癢〕 样〔様〕 钥〔鑰〕 药〔藥〕 爷〔爺〕 叶〔葉〕(24)医〔醫〕 亿〔億〕 忆〔憶〕 应〔應〕 痈〔癰〕 拥〔擁〕 佣〔傭〕 踊〔踴〕
忧〔憂〕 优〔優〕 邮〔郵〕 余〔餘〕(25)御〔禦〕 吁〔籲〕(26)郁〔鬱〕 誉〔譽〕 渊〔淵〕 园〔園〕 远〔遠〕 愿〔願〕 跃〔躍〕 运〔運〕 酝〔醖〕 Z
杂〔雜〕 赃〔臓〕 脏〔贜、髒〕 凿〔鑿〕 枣〔棗〕
灶〔竈〕 斋〔齋〕 毡〔氈〕 战〔戰〕 赵〔趙〕 折〔摺〕(27)
这〔這〕 征〔徵〕(28)症〔癥〕 证〔證〕 只〔隻、祗、衹〕致〔緻〕
制〔製〕 钟〔鐘、鍾〕肿〔腫〕 种〔種〕 众〔衆〕 昼〔晝〕
朱〔硃〕 烛〔燭〕 筑〔築〕 庄〔莊〕(29)桩〔樁〕 妆〔妝〕
装〔裝〕 壮〔壯〕 状〔狀〕 准〔凖〕 浊〔濁〕 总〔總〕
钻〔鑽〕
(1)蚕：上从天，不从夭。
(2)缠：右从，不从厘。
(3)乾坤、乾隆的乾读qián(前)，不简化。
(4)不作坯。坯是砖坯的坯，读pī(批)，坏坯二字不可互混。
(5)作多解的夥不简化。
(6)浆、桨、奖、酱：右上角从夕，不从 或爫。
(7)藉口、凭藉的藉简化作借，慰藉、狼藉等的藉仍用藉。
(8)类：下从大，不从犬。
(9)瞭：读liǎo(了解)时，仍简作了，读liào(瞭望)时作瞭，不简作了。
(10)临：左从一短竖一长竖，不从。
(11)岭：不作岺，免与岑混。
(12)读me轻声。读yāo(夭)的么应作幺(么本字)。应作吆。麽读mó(摩)时不简化，如幺麽小丑。
(13)前仆后继的仆读pū(扑)。
(14)纤维的纤读xiān(先)。
(15)庆：从大，不从犬。
(16)古人南宫适、洪适的适(古字罕用)读kuò(括)。此适字本作，为了避免混淆，可恢复本字。
(17)中药苍术、白术的术读zhú(竹)。
(18)厅：从厂，不从广。
(19)袜：从末，不从未。
(20)系带子的系读jì(计)。
(21)恐吓的吓读hâ(赫)。
(22)县：七笔。上从且。
(23)压：六笔。土的右旁有一点。
(24)叶韵的叶读xiã(协)。
(25)在余和馀意义可能混淆时，仍用馀。如文言句“馀年无多”。
(26)喘吁吁，长吁短叹的吁读xū(虚)。
(27)在折和摺意义可能混淆时，摺仍用摺。
(28)宫商角徵羽的徵读zhǐ(止)，不简化。
(29)庄：六笔。土的右旁无点。å
第三篇：用音乐为我们的心理快乐加分
用音乐为我们的心理快乐加分
通过聆听音乐，我们可以让自己静下心来，像洗礼一般虔诚地领悟生命的意义，听音乐也是养生的一种好方法。今天我们就来看看，怎样用音乐让我们自己快乐起来。
由于每个人的性格、爱好、情感、处境不同，因此对音乐的喜好、选择也不同。在进行音乐疗法之前，首先要选择符合自己性情的音乐，并注意“平衡性”。就像食物时蔬菜、鱼肉、水果、豆制品等营养成分要合理搭配一样，在选择自己喜欢的乐曲的同时注意保持平衡性，即音乐的“阴与阳”“静与动”“强与弱”等。
职业不同的人，选择的音乐也应不同。在人声鼎沸的股票、证券公司中的从业人员，最好选择没有歌词的轻音乐。在震耳欲聋的工地上或机器喧闹的工厂中工作的人，最好倾听雄壮的古典交响乐曲。在静谧的办公室、店堂里工作的人，最好倾听轻松的流行乐曲。
此外，情绪不同的时候，选择的音乐也应不同。精神状态不佳、情绪低落的时候，应该选择明快的乐曲来倾听。当你的情绪被激怒或充满敌意时，应选择轻松的乐曲来倾听。为解除情绪压力，除了选听古典乐曲、交响乐曲、流行歌曲以外，选听爵士音乐、摇滚乐、合唱、男女对唱等都有一定的效果。
个人的爱好不同，选择的标准也不同。但是，音乐疗法中的乐曲选择须符合以下两个标准：
第一，低音厚实深沉，内容丰富;中、高音的音色要有透明感，像阳光透射过窗户一样，具有感染力。
第二，音乐中的三要素即响度、音频、音色三个方面要有和谐感。
现在，音乐书店里所销售的各种音乐磁带，你可以用来进行以下几种音乐疗法：
1、实现自我，改善性格。通过音乐的诱导，使自己的个性魅力得以展现。具有个性魅力的人，在事业上实现自我的机会就较多，性格也就较开朗。
2、升华恋爱感觉。音乐的感染，使人具有积极的情绪和有魅力的性格，产生良好的人际关系，使夫妇之间更加亲热，男女之间的恋爱成功。
3、促使事业、社会活动的成功。音乐让你发掘自己的潜在能力，唤起自信心，获得事业的成功。
4、开发集中力、注意力、记忆力，在入学考试、资格考试、比赛活动中取得好成绩。
5、安定情绪，提高生活适应能力。例如，音乐帮你解除由情绪压力而来的各种紧张、不安，提升精神，开发体力的潜在能力。有时也被用来帮助减肥、戒烟或解消失眠症等。
6、闭目养神，静坐片刻，或做几次深呼吸运动。
7、在聆听音乐时心理状态不同，效果也不相同，这是因为音乐选择和鉴赏是一种智力活动。采用积极的态度可导致情绪智力良性化。
现在，心理学家认为音乐疗法对情绪智力的作用，主要体现在以下几方面：对个人和个性的尊重：“全人”或“全人性”的自我意识；个人的意志和自我实现目的的发展；选择的自由；理解他人，在良好的人际关系中做到自我成长或自我实现；创造性开发；爱情至高体验或感动体验；感情的自尊。
第四篇：四级作文加分句型
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=1.It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型
She had said what it was necessary to say.2.强调句型
It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us.3.“All+抽象名词”或“抽象名词+itself”(very+形容词)
He was all gentleness to her.4.利用词汇重复表示强调
A crime is a crime a crime.5.“something(much)of”和“nothing(little)of”
“something of”相当于“to some extent”，表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中，则为“anything of”，可译为“有点”，“略微等。”“译为毫无”，“全无”。“much of”译为“大有”，“not much of”可译为“算不上”，“称不上”，“little of”可译为“几乎无”。something like译为“有点像，略似。”
They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar.6.同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，“of”以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语，以修饰“of”后面的那个名词。如“her old sharper of a father”，可译为：“她那骗子般的父亲”。
Those pigs of girls eat so much.7.as…as…can(may)be
It is as plain as plain can be.8.“It is in(with)…as in(with)”
It is in life as in a journey.9.“as good as…”相等于，就像，几乎如；实际上，其实，实在。
The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him.10.“many as well…as”和“might as well …as” “many
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as well…as”可译为“与其……，不如……，更好”，“以这样做……为宜”，“如同……，也可以……”等等。“might as well…as”表示不可能的事，可译为“犹如……”，“可与……一样荒唐”，“与其那样不如这样的好”等等。
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.11.“to make…of”的译法(使……成为……，把……当作)
I will make a scientist of my son.12.oo…+不定式“，not(never)too…+不定式”，“too…not+不定式
She is too angry to speak.13.only(not, all, but, never)too …to do so 和”too ready(apt)+ to do“结构中，不定式也没有否定意义，凡是”not“，”all“"but等字后+”too…to，“不定式都失去了否定意义，在”too ready(apt)+to do“结构中，不定式也没有否定意义。
You know but too yell to hold your tongue.14.”no more …than…“句型
A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.15.”not so much…as“和”not so much as …“结构，”not so much…as“=”not so much as …“，其中as有进可换用but rather，可译为：”与其说是……毋须说是……“。而”not so much as“=”without(not)even，“可译为”甚至……还没有“。
The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.16.”Nothing is more…than“和”Nothing is so …as“结构，”Nothing is more…than“和”Nothing is so …as“都具有最高级比较的意思，”Nothing I“可换用”no“，”nobody“，”nowhere“，”little“，”few“，”hardly“，”scarcely“等等，可译为”没有……比……更为“，”像……再没有了“，”最……“等。
Nothing is more precious than time.17.”cannot…too…“结构,”cannot…too…“意为”It is impossible to overdo…“或者，即”无论怎样……也不算过分“。”not“可换用”hardly“，”scarcely“等，”too“可换用”enough“，”sufficient“等。
You cannot be too careful.18.”否定+but “结构，在否定词后面的”but“，具有”which not“，”who not“，”that not“，等等
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否定意义，构成前后的双重否定。可译成”没有……不是“或”……都……“等。
Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse.19.”否定+until(till)“结构，在否定词”no“，”not“，”never“，”little“，”few“，”seldom“等的后边所接用的 ”until/ till“，多数情况下译为”直到……才……“，”要……才……“，把否定译为肯定。
Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.20.”not so…but“和”not such a …but“结构，这两个结构和”否定+but“的结构差不多，不同之点是这两个结构中的”but“是含有”that…not“意味的连续词，表示程度。可译为”还没有……到不能做……的程度“，”并不是……不……“，”无论怎样……也不是不能……“等。
He is not so sick but he can come to school.21.”疑问词+should…but“结构，这个结构表示过去的意外的事，意为”none…but“，可译为”除了……还有谁会……“，”岂料“，”想不到……竟是……“等。
Who should write it but himself?
22.”who knows but(that)…“和”who could should…but“结构，这个结构是反问形式，一般意译为”多半“，”亦未可知“等等，有时也可直译。
Who knows but(that)he may go?
23.”祈使句+and“和”祈使句+or“结构，”祈使句+and“表示”If…you…“，”祈使名+or“表示”if…not…，you。
24.“名词+and”结构，在这个结构中，名词等于状语从句，或表示条件，或表示时间。
A word, and he would lose his temper.25.“as…,so…”结构，这里的“so”的意思是“in the same way”(也是如此)。此结构表明两个概念在程度上和关系上相似。
As rust eats iron, so care eats the heart.26.“if any”结构，“if any”和“if ever”，意思是“果真有……”，“即使有……”，表示加强语气。与此类似的还有：“if anything”(如有不同的话，如果稍有区别)，“if a day”(=at least，至少)。
There is little, if any, hope.27.“be it ever(never)so”和“let it be ever(never)so”结构，这里，“be it”中的“be”是古英语假设语
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气的遗留形式，现代英语则使用“let it be”。“ever so”和“never so”都表示同一意思，都表示“very”。
Be it ever so humble(let it be ever so humble), home is home.28.“the last+不定式”和“the last +定语从词”结构，这种结构中的“last”意思是“the least likely”，用于否定性推论。可译为“最不大可能的”，“最不合适的”，由原意的“最后一个……”变成“最不可能……的一个”。
He is the last man to accept a bride.29.“so…that…”句型，这个句型的意思是“如此……，以致于……”，但在翻译成汉语时，许多情况下，并不是一定要译成“如此……以致于……”，而是变通表达其含义。
He ran so fast that nobody could catch him up.30.“more + than+原级形容词(副词)”结构，这是将不同性质加以比较，其中的“more”有“rather”的意思。
It is more than probable that he will fall.31.“more than +动词”结构，这种结构表示动词的程度，可译为“异常”，“岂止”，“十二分地”等。
This more than satisfied me.32.“good and …”的副词用法，译为“非常”，“很”等。类似还有“nice and …”, “fine and …,” “lovely and …”, “bright and …”, “rare and …”, “big and …”等，均表示程度。
The apples are good and ripe.33.“and that”结构，这个“and that”应译为“而且……”，表示对它前面陈述部分的语气加强，“that”代表前面的整个陈述部分。
Return to your work , and that at once.34.“at once…and”结构，这个结构译为“既……又……”，起相关连接的作用，相当于“both…and…”。
The novel is at once pleasing and instructive.35.“in that…”结构，这个结构的意思是“在那一点上(方面)”，可译为“因为”。类似的结构还有“in this…”。
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The budget is unrealistic in that it disregards increased costs.36.“the name notwithstanding”结构，这个结构中“notwithstanding”是介词，这个介词可以置前，可以置后，比如也可写成：“notwithstanding the name”。起让步状语的作用。
Some people think of the storage battery as a sort of condenser where electricity is stored.But this is an entirely wrong conception, the name notwithstanding.37.“Every…not”和“All…not”结构，“Every…not”表示“不见得每个……都是……”；“All…not”表示“不见得所有……都是……”的意思。
Every man is not polite, and all are not born gentlemen.38.“may as well not…as”结构，此结构可译为“与其……不如不……”。
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly.39.“have only to …do”结构，此结构表示“只须(消)……就能……”的意思。
We have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery made by Edison to see the significance of it.40.“not(no)…unless…”句型
No increase in output can be expected unless a new assembly line is installed.41.“better…than…”句型
Better my life should be ended by their hate, than that hated life should be prolonged to live without your love.42.“as it were”是一个非常常用的插入语，意思是“好象”，“可以说”等。
Apiece of iron near a magnet, though apparently separate from it , feels, as it were, the threads of this attachment.43.复杂结构，在下面例句中，由于anyone的定语从句过长，把谓语must realize提到定语从句之前。
Though faith and confidence are surely more or lass foreign to my nature, I do not infrequently find myself looking to them to be able, diligent, candid, and even honest.Plainly enough, that is too large an order, as anyone must realize who reflects upon the manner in which they reach public office.44.“not…any more than…”为：“不能……，正如不能……”。
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One cannot learn to sketch and express himself graphically only by reading about it any more than one can learn to swim while standing by the pool.45.“By that as it may”是“Let it be that as it may”的省略形式，是由“be”引起的另外一种假设结构，意思是“虽然如此，尽管这样”。
It is said that the nerve poison is the more primitive of the two, that the blood poison is, so to speak, a new product from an improved formula.Be that as it may, the nerve poison does its business with man far more quickly than the blood poison.46.“if at all”是一个由“if”引起的主谓结构不完整的短句结为“即将……”，“即使……”等。
I can see only with great difficulty, if at all.47.由there引起的句型容易产生复杂的句子结构.There have been opened up to the vast and excellent science, in which my work is the beginning, ways and means by which other minds more accurate than wine will explore its remote corners.48.“range from …to…”结构。这是一个常见结构，译时很多情况下应变通处理，不能完全依靠辞典上的释义。
Computer applications range from an assembly line completely run by computers to a children toy responding to remote signals.49.“the way…”结构
I always thought she was a common-sense person who discussed things the way they ought to be discussed.50.复杂宾补结构
In recent years, the development of sensitive and accurate measuring equipment has made it possible to measure the acuity of hearing of any individual at different frequencies.51.某些分隔结构
1)动词短语相关部分被分隔(当“make use of ”，“take notice of”，“pay attention to”，等动词短语变成被动语态时)。
Use is made of solar energy in heating houses.2)双重定语引起的分隔。
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But there is of culture another view, in which not solely the scientific passion, the sheer desire to see things as they are, natural and proper in an intelligent being, appears as the ground of it.52.“to be doing…when…”是一个句型，多译为“某人正在做……时，突然……”。在简单的句子中容易看出，一旦句子变得复杂一些，可能就不太容易识别这种句型。
She said she and a friend had gone out to dinner that night, and were walking home together at about 10 o'clock, when a “very big, very tall man”, accosted them and demanded their purses.53.“too…to”句型
Then I remembered how often I, too, had been indifferent to the grandeur of each day, too preoccupied with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the splendor of it all.54.“so much that…”句型
But he developed gradually a very musical English.He learnt to write sentences that fall away on the ear with a misty languor and it delighted him so much that he could never have enough of it.55.“when”引导状语从句有时并不好译，不能一看到when从句就考虑译为“当……的时候”，它还有许多种译法。
Anything is better than not to write clearly.There is nothing to be said against lucidity, and against simplicity only the possibility of dryness.This is a risk that is well worth taking when you reflect how much better it is to be bold than to wear a curly wig.56.“not…because…”，有时可否定前面，有时可否定because本身，往往出现歧义。应根据上下文面判定。
In 1600 the earth was not the center of the universe because the majority then supposed it was;nor, because she had more readers, was Ella wheeler Wilcox a better poet than Father Hopkins.57.“so…that, such…that”是一个普通的句型，但在同一个句子里有两处使用它却比较少见。
The truth is, that in one point of view, this matter of national literature has come to such a pass with us, that in some sense we must turn bullies, else the day is lost, or superiority so far beyond us, that we can hardly say it will ever be ours.58.“by doing…”结构。这个结构的意思是“通过(做)……”，但翻译实践中不能拘泥于这种释义，不少情况下需要灵活变通。
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59.下面例句为一倒装句，主语很长，而且又含有非常复杂的句型。这是以形容词作表语的倒装，翻译实践中多把倒装部分译到最前面。
No less obvious is the fact there are great numbers of people so constituted or so brought up that they cannot get so much pleasure out of processes and experiences resulting in a poorer life less full of meaning.60.“what…of”句型
I can not say of myself what Johnson said of Pope: He never passed a fault unamended by indifference, nor quitted it by despair.I do not write as I do;I write as I can.61.英语的一个习惯用法是：当否定谓语think(believe)时，实际上是否定其后面的宾语从句。否定就落在宾语从句上。这样宾语从句就变成了双重否定，译时可以按双重否定译，也可按肯定来译。
It is a valuable work.I do not think anyone writes so well that he cannot learn much from it.62.“to have not…(as)to see…”中的不定式也有否定意味。
He had not the good breeding to see that simplicity and naturalness are the truest marks of distinction.63.“It occurred to sb.that…”意为“突然想到”，“It dawned on sb.that…”.“突然想起”等。从句是想起的内容。
I remember once being on a bus and looking at a stranger.He suddenly looked back at me-i.e.our eyes met.My instinctive reaction was to avert my gaze.It occurred to me that if I had continued to maintain eye contact, I would have been rude and aggressive.64.“It follows that…”=“It happens as a result…”常常被译为“由此可见”，“因此”，“从前”，“可以推断”等等。
It follows that the housewife will also expect to be able to have more leisure in her life without lowering her standard of living.It also follows that human domestic servants will have completely ceased to exist.65.“that's all there is to it”，意思是“也不过如此而已”。可根据上下文视情况处理。
If I'm touched, I'm touched-that's all there is to it.66.“The chances are that…”是一句型，译为“有可能……”。
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The chances are you will never attempt that speed with poetry or want to race though some passages in fiction over which you wish to linger.67.Feel, see, leave引起宾语的宾语补足语，或在被动语态中引起主语补足语的某些惯用句型，有时see和feel这两个词的被动式不大好译。遇到这种情况应挖掘其深层含义，不要拘泥于表面形式。
The education of the young is seen to be of primary importance.68.某此以no, nowhere, never, not…bout, not…any, nothing but, hardly, scarcely, seldom等否定词语引出的一些结构。
I never go past the theatre but I think of his last performance.69.某些用choice between, to know better, whether or, should have avoided(或done better)等表示从两种做法中选取一种更好的做法。
Then we are faced with a choice between using technology to provide and fulfil needs which have hitherto been regarded as unnecessary or, on the other hand, using technology to reduce the number of hours of work which a man must do in order to earn a given standard of libing.70.某些省略情况，应清单确认省略的内容。
The country had grown rich, its commerce was large, and wealth did its natural work in making life softer and more worldly, commerce in deprovincializing the minds of those engaged in it.71.修饰成分(包括定语、定语从句、同位语从句等)多而长。
Across the court from the Manhattan apartment that I have occupied for the past few years is a dog that often hurls insults into the darkness, a few of which my dog refuses to accept and makes a tart reply.72.一些外位语，所谓外位修饰，指从句子结构和内容上不起主要信息表达功能的部分。其作用是从语气和连接上下文等方面进行补充。在翻译成汉语时，往往可独立成句，外形上不保留修饰的痕迹。
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第五篇：四级作文加分句型
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1.It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型
She had said what it was necessary to say.2.强调句型
It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us.3.“All+抽象名词”或“抽象名词+itself”(very+形容词)He was all gentleness to her.4.利用词汇重复表示强调 A crime is a crime a crime.5.“something(much)of”和“nothing(little)of” “something of”相当于“to some extent”，表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中，则为“anything of”，可译为“有点”，“略微等。”“译为毫无”，“全无”。“much of”译为“大有”，“not much of”可译为“算不上”，“称不上”，“little of”可译为“几乎无”。something like译为“有点像，略似。” They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar.6.同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，“of”以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语，以修饰“of”后面的那个名词。如“her old sharper of a father”，可译为：“她那骗子般的父亲”。
Those pigs of girls eat so much.7.as…as…can(may)be It is as plain as plain can be.8.“It is in(with)…as in(with)” It is in life as in a journey.9.“as good as…”相等于，就像，几乎如；实际上，其实，实在。
The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him.10.“many as well…as”和“might as well …as” “many
as well…as”可译为“与其……，不如……，更好”，“以这样做……为宜”，“如同……，也可以……”等等。“might as well…as”表示不可能的事，可译为“犹如……”，“可与……一样荒唐”，“与其那样不如这样的好”等等。
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.11.“to make…of”的译法(使……成为……，把……当作)I will make a scientist of my son.12.oo…+不定式“，not(never)too…+不定式”，“too…not+不定式 She is too angry to speak.13.only(not, all, but, never)too …to do so 和”too ready(apt)+ to do“结构中，不定式也没有否定意义，凡是”not“，”all“"but等字后+”too…to，“不定式都失去了否定意义，在”too ready(apt)+to do“结构中，不定式也没有否定意义。You know but too yell to hold your tongue.14.”no more …than…“句型
A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.15.”not so much…as“和”not so much as …“结构，”not so much…as“=”not so much as …“，其中as有进可换用but rather，可译为：”与其说是……毋须说是……“。而”not so much as“=”without(not)even，“可译为”甚至……还没有“。The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.16.”Nothing is more…than“和”Nothing is so …as“结构，”Nothing is more…than“和”Nothing is so …as“都具有最高级比较的意思，”Nothing I“可换用”no“，”nobody“，”nowhere“，”little“，http://club.TopSage.com
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”few“，”hardly“，”scarcely“等等，可译为”没有……比……更为“，”像……再没有了“，”最……“等。
Nothing is more precious than time.17.”cannot…too…“结构,”cannot…too…“意为”It is impossible to overdo…“或者，即”无论怎样……也不算过分“。”not“可换用”hardly“，”scarcely“等，”too“可换用”enough“，”sufficient“等。
You cannot be too careful.18.”否定+but “结构，在否定词后面的”but“，具有”which not“，”who not“，”that not“，等等否定意义，构成前后的双重否定。可译成”没有……不是“或”……都……“等。Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse.19.”否定+until(till)“结构，在否定词”no“，”not“，”never“，”little“，”few“，”seldom“等的后边所接用的 ”until/ till“，多数情况下译为”直到……才……“，”要……才……“，把否定译为肯定。
Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.20.”not so…but“和”not such a …but“结构，这两个结构和”否定+but“的结构差不多，不同之点是这两个结构中的”but“是含有”that…not“意味的连续词，表示程度。可译为”还没有……到不能做……的程度“，”并不是……不……“，”无论怎样……也不是不能……“等。He is not so sick but he can come to school.21.”疑问词+should…but“结构，这个结构表示过去的意外的事，意为”none…but“，可译为”除了……还有谁会……“，”岂料“，”想不到……竟是……“等。Who should write it but himself? 22.”who knows but(that)…“和”who could should…but“结构，这个结构是反问形式，一般意译为”多半“，”亦未可知“等等，有时也可直译。Who knows but(that)he may go? 23.”祈使句+and“和”祈使句+or“结构，”祈使句+and“表示”If…you…“，”祈使名+or“表示”if…not…，you。
24.“名词+and”结构，在这个结构中，名词等于状语从句，或表示条件，或表示时间。A word, and he would lose his temper.25.“as…,so…”结构，这里的“so”的意思是“in the same way”(也是如此)。此结构表明两个概念在程度上和关系上相似。
As rust eats iron, so care eats the heart.26.“if any”结构，“if any”和“if ever”，意思是“果真有……”，“即使有……”，表示加强语气。与此类似的还有：“if anything”(如有不同的话，如果稍有区别)，“if a day”(=at least，至少)。There is little, if any, hope.27.“be it ever(never)so”和“let it be ever(never)so”结构，这里，“be it”中的“be”是古英语假设语气的遗留形式，现代英语则使用“let it be”。“ever so”和“never so”都表示同一意思，都表示“very”。
Be it ever so humble(let it be ever so humble), home is home.28.“the last+不定式”和“the last +定语从词”结构，这种结构中的“last”意思是“the least likely”，用于否定性推论。可译为“最不大可能的”，“最不合适的”，由原意的“最后一个……”变成“最不可能……的一个”。
He is the last man to accept a bride.29.“so…that…”句型，这个句型的意思是“如此……，以致于……”，但在翻译成汉语时，许多情况下，并不是一定要译成“如此……以致于……”，而是变通表达其含义。
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He ran so fast that nobody could catch him up.30.“more + than+原级形容词(副词)”结构，这是将不同性质加以比较，其中的“more”有“rather”的意思。
It is more than probable that he will fall.31.“more than +动词”结构，这种结构表示动词的程度，可译为“异常”，“岂止”，“十二分地”等。
This more than satisfied me.32.“good and …”的副词用法，译为“非常”，“很”等。类似还有“nice and …”, “fine and …,” “lovely and …”, “bright and …”, “rare and …”, “big and …”等，均表示程度。The apples are good and ripe.33.“and that”结构，这个“and that”应译为“而且……”，表示对它前面陈述部分的语气加强，“that”代表前面的整个陈述部分。Return to your work , and that at once.34.“at once…and”结构，这个结构译为“既……又……”，起相关连接的作用，相当于“both…and…”。
The novel is at once pleasing and instructive.35.“in that…”结构，这个结构的意思是“在那一点上(方面)”，可译为“因为”。类似的结构还有“in this…”。
The budget is unrealistic in that it disregards increased costs.36.“the name notwithstanding”结构，这个结构中“notwithstanding”是介词，这个介词可以置前，可以置后，比如也可写成：“notwithstanding the name”。起让步状语的作用。
Some people think of the storage battery as a sort of condenser where electricity is stored.But this is an entirely wrong conception, the name notwithstanding.37.“Every…not”和“All…not”结构，“Every…not”表示“不见得每个……都是……”；“All…not”表示“不见得所有……都是……”的意思。
Every man is not polite, and all are not born gentlemen.38.“may as well not…as”结构，此结构可译为“与其……不如不……”。One may as well not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly.39.“have only to …do”结构，此结构表示“只须(消)……就能……”的意思。
We have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery made by Edison to see the significance of it.40.“not(no)…unless…”句型
No increase in output can be expected unless a new assembly line is installed.41.“better…than…”句型
Better my life should be ended by their hate, than that hated life should be prolonged to live without your love.42.“as it were”是一个非常常用的插入语，意思是“好象”，“可以说”等。
Apiece of iron near a magnet, though apparently separate from it , feels, as it were, the threads of this attachment.43.复杂结构，在下面例句中，由于anyone的定语从句过长，把谓语must realize提到定语从句之前。
Though faith and confidence are surely more or lass foreign to my nature, I do not infrequently find myself looking to them to be able, diligent, candid, and even honest.Plainly enough, that is too large an order, as anyone must realize who reflects upon the manner in which they reach
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public office.44.“not…any more than…”为：“不能……，正如不能……”。
One cannot learn to sketch and express himself graphically only by reading about it any more than one can learn to swim while standing by the pool.45.“By that as it may”是“Let it be that as it may”的省略形式，是由“be”引起的另外一种假设结构，意思是“虽然如此，尽管这样”。
It is said that the nerve poison is the more primitive of the two, that the blood poison is, so to speak, a new product from an improved formula.Be that as it may, the nerve poison does its business with man far more quickly than the blood poison.46.“if at all”是一个由“if”引起的主谓结构不完整的短句结为“即将……”，“即使……”等。
I can see only with great difficulty, if at all.47.由there引起的句型容易产生复杂的句子结构.There have been opened up to the vast and excellent science, in which my work is the beginning, ways and means by which other minds more accurate than wine will explore its remote corners.48.“range from …to…”结构。这是一个常见结构，译时很多情况下应变通处理，不能完全依靠辞典上的释义。
Computer applications range from an assembly line completely run by computers to a children toy responding to remote signals.49.“the way…”结构
I always thought she was a common-sense person who discussed things the way they ought to be discussed.50.复杂宾补结构
In recent years, the development of sensitive and accurate measuring equipment has made it possible to measure the acuity of hearing of any individual at different frequencies.51.某些分隔结构
1)动词短语相关部分被分隔(当“make use of ”，“take notice of”，“pay attention to”，等动词短语变成被动语态时)。
Use is made of solar energy in heating houses.2)双重定语引起的分隔。
But there is of culture another view, in which not solely the scientific passion, the sheer desire to see things as they are, natural and proper in an intelligent being, appears as the ground of it.52.“to be doing…when…”是一个句型，多译为“某人正在做……时，突然……”。在简单的句子中容易看出，一旦句子变得复杂一些，可能就不太容易识别这种句型。
She said she and a friend had gone out to dinner that night, and were walking home together at about 10 o'clock, when a “very big, very tall man”, accosted them and demanded their purses.53.“too…to”句型
Then I remembered how often I, too, had been indifferent to the grandeur of each day, too preoccupied with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the splendor of it all.54.“so much that…”句型
But he developed gradually a very musical English.He learnt to write sentences that fall away on the ear with a misty languor and it delighted him so much that he could never have enough of it.55.“when”引导状语从句有时并不好译，不能一看到when从句就考虑译为“当……的时候”，它还有许多种译法。
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Anything is better than not to write clearly.There is nothing to be said against lucidity, and against simplicity only the possibility of dryness.This is a risk that is well worth taking when you reflect how much better it is to be bold than to wear a curly wig.56.“not…because…”，有时可否定前面，有时可否定because本身，往往出现歧义。应根据上下文面判定。
In 1600 the earth was not the center of the universe because the majority then supposed it was;nor, because she had more readers, was Ella wheeler Wilcox a better poet than Father Hopkins.57.“so…that, such…that”是一个普通的句型，但在同一个句子里有两处使用它却比较少见。The truth is, that in one point of view, this matter of national literature has come to such a pass with us, that in some sense we must turn bullies, else the day is lost, or superiority so far beyond us, that we can hardly say it will ever be ours.58.“by doing…”结构。这个结构的意思是“通过(做)……”，但翻译实践中不能拘泥于这种释义，不少情况下需要灵活变通。
The hippos, by depositing dung in the water, fed the fish that support the storks that destroy the rare trees.59.下面例句为一倒装句，主语很长，而且又含有非常复杂的句型。这是以形容词作表语的倒装，翻译实践中多把倒装部分译到最前面。
No less obvious is the fact there are great numbers of people so constituted or so brought up that they cannot get so much pleasure out of processes and experiences resulting in a poorer life less full of meaning.60.“what…of”句型
I can not say of myself what Johnson said of Pope: He never passed a fault unamended by indifference, nor quitted it by despair.I do not write as I do;I write as I can.61.英语的一个习惯用法是：当否定谓语think(believe)时，实际上是否定其后面的宾语从句。否定就落在宾语从句上。这样宾语从句就变成了双重否定，译时可以按双重否定译，也可按肯定来译。
It is a valuable work.I do not think anyone writes so well that he cannot learn much from it.62.“to have not…(as)to see…”中的不定式也有否定意味。
He had not the good breeding to see that simplicity and naturalness are the truest marks of distinction.63.“It occurred to sb.that…”意为“突然想到”，“It dawned on sb.that…”.“突然想起”等。从句是想起的内容。
I remember once being on a bus and looking at a stranger.He suddenly looked back at me-i.e.our eyes met.My instinctive reaction was to avert my gaze.It occurred to me that if I had continued to maintain eye contact, I would have been rude and aggressive.64.“It follows that…”=“It happens as a result…”常常被译为“由此可见”，“因此”，“从前”，“可以推断”等等。
It follows that the housewife will also expect to be able to have more leisure in her life without lowering her standard of living.It also follows that human domestic servants will have completely ceased to exist.65.“that's all there is to it”，意思是“也不过如此而已”。可根据上下文视情况处理。If I'm touched, I'm touched-that's all there is to it.66.“The chances are that…”是一句型，译为“有可能……”。
The chances are you will never attempt that speed with poetry or want to race though some
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passages in fiction over which you wish to linger.67.Feel, see, leave引起宾语的宾语补足语，或在被动语态中引起主语补足语的某些惯用句型，有时see和feel这两个词的被动式不大好译。遇到这种情况应挖掘其深层含义，不要拘泥于表面形式。
The education of the young is seen to be of primary importance.68.某此以no, nowhere, never, not…bout, not…any, nothing but, hardly, scarcely, seldom等否定词语引出的一些结构。
I never go past the theatre but I think of his last performance.69.某些用choice between, to know better, whether or, should have avoided(或done better)等表示从两种做法中选取一种更好的做法。
Then we are faced with a choice between using technology to provide and fulfil needs which have hitherto been regarded as unnecessary or, on the other hand, using technology to reduce the number of hours of work which a man must do in order to earn a given standard of libing.70.某些省略情况，应清单确认省略的内容。
The country had grown rich, its commerce was large, and wealth did its natural work in making life softer and more worldly, commerce in deprovincializing the minds of those engaged in it.71.修饰成分(包括定语、定语从句、同位语从句等)多而长。
Across the court from the Manhattan apartment that I have occupied for the past few years is a dog that often hurls insults into the darkness, a few of which my dog refuses to accept and makes a tart reply.72.一些外位语，所谓外位修饰，指从句子结构和内容上不起主要信息表达功能的部分。其作用是从语气和连接上下文等方面进行补充。在翻译成汉语时，往往可独立成句，外形上不保留修饰的痕迹。
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