第一篇:国际贸易实务习题集(考试范围)
第二章
商品的对外报价
一、单项选择
1.就卖方承担的货物风险而言,()
(A)E组术语最小,F组其次,最大是C组和D组(B)D组术语最小,F组和C组其次,E组术语最大(C)D组术语最大,E组术语其次,F组和C组最小(D)E组术语最小,F组和C组其次,D组最大 2.采用CFR贸易术语,应由()
(A)买方负责租船订舱和保险(B)卖方负责租船订舱和保险
(C)由买方负责租船订舱,卖方负责保险(D)由卖方负责租船订舱,买方负责保险 3.CIF LANDED(CIF卸到岸上)贸易术语成交,买卖双方的风险划分界限为()
(A)货物在装运港越过船舷(B)货物在目的港越过船舷(C)货物交到目的港的码头(D)货物交给承运人 4.DAF贸易术语()(A)只适合于公路运输(B)只适合于铁路运输
(C)只适合于铁路和公路运输(D)可适合于各种运输方式
5.国际贸易中,由买方负责出口清关手续,并承担起相关费用的贸易术语是()
(A)FCA(B)FAS(C)EXW(D)FOB
6.采用FOB贸易术语,货物由程租船运输时,如果买方不愿意承担装货费用,应选用()(A)FOB LINER TERMS(B)FOB UNDER TACKLE(C)FOB TRIMMED(D)FOB GROSS TERMS 7.制定关于贸易术语的国际贸易惯例的目的是()
(A)提供可使用的贸易术语(B)成为交易双方的习惯做法(C)统一对贸易术语的解释(D)形成国际贸易法 8.《2000年通则》解释的贸易术语有()
(A)6种(B)9种(C)13种(D)14种 9.装运合同是指()
(A)按F组和C组贸易术语成交的合同(B)按E组和D组贸易术语成交的合同(C)按C组和D组贸易术语成交的合同(D)按D组贸易术语成交的合同 10.按DES成交,根据需要加保各种特殊附加险的是()
(A)买方(B)卖方(C)承运人(D)运输代理人 11.在EXW条件下,货物被禁止出口的风险由()
(A)买方负担(B)卖方负担(C)承运人负担(D)运输代理人负担 12.朝鲜某公司需以管道运输方式从我国进口石油,可采用()(A)FAS(B)CIP(C)DEQ(D)CIF 13.如果某商品出口价格为每公吨1,000 美元CIFD2%香港,折实售价为()。(A)20 美元(B)200 美元(C)980 美元(D)98 美元
14.进口某商品需用汇60,000 美元,设购汇当日外汇牌价为USD1=RMB¥6.8125/6.8399,需用人民币()。
(A)410394 元(B)408750 元(C)4103940 元(D)4087500 元
15.某商品原报价每吨800 英镑FOBC2%上海,现客户要求佣金增至5%,若不减少外汇收入,应改报为每吨()英镑。
(A)784(B)825(C)785(D)824
二、判断题
1.采用CIF贸易术语,卖方要办理保险、支付保险费,而采用CFR贸易术语,保险责任及保险费由买方承担,可见,对卖方而言,采用CIF贸易术语较采用CFR贸易术语风险大。()
2.CIF LANDED与CIF的主要区别在于,前者的卖方除了要承担货物到达目的港的风险和正常的运费外,还要承担卸货费用。()
3.在《INCOTERMS 2000》的13种贸易术语中,买方承担风险最大的贸易术语是EXW,最小的是DDP。()4.FAS 与FOB UNDER TACKLE 贸易术语下,买卖双方的风险划分界限都是装运港船边。()5.贸易术语变形只涉及买卖双方费用划分,不涉及风险划分。()
6.CIF是装运港交货价,而DES是目的港交货价,它们是两种性质不同的贸易术语。()7.采用FCA成交时,如果在机场交货,则卖方交货责任至货物交给航空承运人或其代理人为止。()
8.以FOB价格条件出口货物到新加坡,卖方要负责到新加坡交货。()
9.FCA、CPT和CIP适用于任何运输方式,其风险转移的分界点不在船舷,只要货交承运人或第一承运人,风险即由卖方转移到买方。()
10.我从日本进口货物,如按FOB条件成交,需我方派船到日本口岸接运货物;如按CIF条件成交,则由日方洽租船舶将货物运往中国港口。可见,我方按FOB进口承担的货物运输风险,比按CIF进口承担的风险大。()
11.国际贸易惯例已得到多国的公认,因此,它们对于任何买卖合同当事人都具有普遍的法律上的约束力。()
12.《2000年通则》中,F组术语属装运合同,C组术语和D组术语均属到货合同。()13.FOB吊钩下交货是指卖方负责货物进舱,脱离吊钩,置于舱底。()14.在CIF价格条件下,卖方凭单据履行交货义务、买方凭单据付款。()
15.按照国际贸易惯例,CFR条件下如卖方未及时发装船通知而使买方漏保,则卖方应对货物在运输途中的损坏及灭失负赔偿责任。()
答案:
选择题:1-5 D D A D C
6-10 C C C A A
11-15 A C C A B 判断题:1-5 X X √ X √ 6-10√ √ X √ X 11-15 X X X √ √
第三章 国际货物买卖合同的商订
根据以下资料回答1—4题: 6月15日,甲公司向乙公司发出一份订单,并要求乙公司在7月10日前答复。7月初,该商品的市价大幅下降,甲公司通知乙公司:“前次订单所列价格作废,若你公司愿意降价20%,则发盘有效期延至7月20日。”乙公司收到通知后,立即于7月3日回信表示不同意降价,同时对前一订单表示接受。正常情况下,此信可在7月8日到达,但是由于邮局工人罢工,甲公司于7月15日才收到,甲回信表示:“第一次订单已经撤销,接受无效。”乙公司坚持第一次订单不能撤销,甲公司又于7月20日回复认为乙的接受已逾期,合同没有成立。请问:
1.甲公司6月15日的订单是()
A.询盘 B.邀请发盘 C.发盘 D.接受 2.乙公司7月3日的回信()
A.是有效的接受,因为未超过有效期。B.是无效的接受,因为已经超过有效期,而且甲公司已经及时提出反对。C.不构成接受,因为发盘已经撤销。
D.是有效的接受,因为正常情况下,该信本来可以在发盘有效期内到达,且甲公司并没有及时以接受逾期为理由表示反对。
3.假设乙公司在7月3日发出的信中没有对原订单表示接受,则()
A.乙公司仍有权接受原订单,只要接受的通知在7月10日前到达甲公司。B.乙公司仍有权接受原订单,只要接受的通知在7月20日前到达甲公司。
C.即使乙公司未在7月10前接受原订单,仍可以在7月20前降价20%接受订单。D.如果乙公司未在7月10日前接受原订单,则不能再接受订单。
4.假设乙公司在7月3日发出的信中表示同意降价10%,则此信()A.构成有效接受 B.构成还盘
C.视为同意甲撤销原发盘 D.视为拒绝甲公司的新发盘
根据以下资料回答5—7 题: 我某工程承包公司于2007 年5 月3 日向意大利商人询问钢材的价格。在询盘中,我工程承包公司声明:要求对方报价是为了计算一项承造大楼的标价和是否参加投标。我工程 承包公司如果参加投标须于2007 年5 月15 日向招标人递交投标书,招标人开标日期为2007年5 月31 日。2007 年5 月6 日,意大利商人向我方发盘报钢材价格,我承包公司据以计算标价,并于2007 年5 月15 日向招标人递交了投标书。由于国际商场钢材价格上涨,2007年5 月21 日,意大利商人来电要求撤销其5 月6 日发盘,我工程承包公司当即表示不同意撤销发盘。于是双方为能否撤销发盘发生争执。及至2007 年5 月31 日,招标人开标,我方工程承包公司中标,随即向意大利商人发出接受通知。但意大利商人坚持发盘已于2007年5 月21 日撤销,合同不能成立。对此,双方争执不下,于是,提交仲裁。5.按照《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》规定,本案中意大利商人发盘时未规定有效期,我们可以理解为该发盘有效期为()。
A.在合理时间内有效 B.何时接受均可
C.2007 年5 月15 日 D.2007 年5 月30 日前
6.根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》规定,意大利商人的发盘()。
A.不能撤销。因为工程承包公司已本着对其发盘的信赖,向招标人递交了投标书 B.可以撤销。只要撤销通知到达时,工程承包公司还未发出接受通知即可 C.不能撤销。因为此时钢材国际商场价格已经上涨 D.可以撤销。因为双方还未签约
7.根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》规定,如果你是仲裁员,应判()。A.意大利商人胜诉 B.工程承包公司胜诉 C.在本案中,双方都有责任,各打50 大板
D.在本案中,双方都有责任,意大利商人责任大些,工程承包公司责任小些 答案:
1-4 C D C B 5-7 A A B
第四章 落实及审核信用证
一.单项选择题
1.汇票的收款人有三种填写方式,根据我国票据法,凡签发()的汇票无效。
A.限制性抬头
B.指示性抬头
C.持票人或来人抬头
D.记名抬头 2.根据我国票据法规定,自收到提示承兑汇票之日起()内,付款人须作出承兑。A.3日
B.4日
C.5日
D.6日
3.可转让信用证须由开证行在证中注明“可转让”字样,可转让信用证只限转让()。
A.1次
B.2次
C.3次
D.4次 4.如果其他条件相同,()远期汇票对是收款人最有利。
A.出票后30天付款
B.提单签发后30天付款
C.见票后30天付款
D.货物到达目的港后30天付款 5.承兑是()对远期汇票表示承担到期付款责任的行为。
A.付款人
B.收款人
C.出口商
D.议付行
6.汇票的票据行为分出票.背书.承兑.提示.付款和追索等,其中()是主要票据行为。
A.出票
B.付款
C.承兑
D.背书
7.电开信用证分为全电本和简电本连着。在SWIFT信用证中,全电本通常采用()格式。
A.MT700/MT701
B.MT701/MT702
C.MT703/MT704
D.MT705/MT707 8.在SWIFT中,信用证的修改通常采用()格式。
A.MT701
B.MT703
C.MT705
D.MT707 9.一张有效的信用证必须规定一个()。
A.装运期
B.有效期
C.交单期
D.议付期
10.汇票有两张正本,其效力是()。
A.付款人付一不付二
B.付款人付二不付一
C.先到先付,后到无效
D.同等的 二.判断题
1.汇付是付款人主动通过银行或其它途径将款项交给收款人的一种支付方式,所以属于商业信用。而托收通常称为银行托收,因而它属于银行信用。2.信用证是银行开立的无条件承诺付款的书面文件。
3.汇票经背书后,汇票的收款权利转让给被背书人,被背书人日后遭到拒付,可向前手行使追索权。
4.我国《票据法》规定,付款人承兑汇票,不得附有条件,承兑附有条件的,视为拒绝承兑。
5.在信用证的有效期内开证行发生倒闭或拒付,保兑行可以向受益人追索。
6.开证行开出可转让信用证后,受益人可以将信用证的全部或一部分金额转让给多个第二受益人。
7.在信用证业务中,受益人收到信用证修改通知书后,如不同意修改,应立即将信用证修改书退回通知行,否则视为同意接受修改。
8.在采用保理业务时,如果进口商因为货物不符合合同而拒付,保理商将不予担保付款责任。
9.如果受益人逾期交单,则只要其征得开证申请人的同意,仍可要求银行付款。10.出口商采用D/A 30天比采用D/P30天承担的风险要大。
答案:
选择题: 1-5 CAABA
6-10 AADBD
判断题: 1-5 ××√√×
6-10 √×√×√
第五章 出口备货 一.单项选择题
1.对于大批量交易的散装货,因较难掌握商品的数量,通常在合同中规定()。A.品质公差条款 B.溢短装条款 C.立即装运条款 D.仓至仓条款
2.A外贸公司与外商签订了一份出口某商品的合同,合同中规定的出口数量为500公吨,同时还规定允许卖方交货的数量可增减5%,但未对多交部分货物如何作价给予规定。卖方依合同规定多交了20公吨,根据《公约》的规定,此20公吨应按()作价。A.到岸价 B.合同价 C.离岸价 D.议定价
3.我某进出口公司拟向马来西亚客商出口服装一批,在洽谈合同条款时,就服装的款式可要求对方提供()。
A.样品 B.规格 C.商标 D.产地 4.凡货样难以达到完全一致的,不宜采用()。
A.凭说明买卖 B.凭样品买卖 C.凭等级买卖 D.凭规格买卖
5.在交货数量前面加上“约”或“大约”字样,按《UCP600》规定,这种约定可解释为交货数量有不超过()的增减幅度。
A.5% B.2.5% C.10% D.3% 6.在品质条款的规定上,对某些比较难掌握其品质的工业制成品或农副产品,我们在合同中规定()。
A.溢短装条款 B.增减价条款 C.商品的净值 D.品质公差或品质机动幅度 7.对于价值较低的商品,往往采取()计算其重量。A.以毛作净 B.法定重量 C.净重 D.理论重量
8.F公司与国外某客商签订出口500台电冰箱的合同,合同没有规定卖方交货的数量可溢短装5%,F公司实际交货时多交了50台,买方可就F公司的交货作出以下决定,哪个是不妥当的()?
A.收取520台电冰箱 B.拒收520台电冰箱
C.收取多交货物中的10台 D.拒收多交的20台电冰箱
9.卖方根据买方提供的样品,加工复制出一个类似样品供买方确认,该样品称为()。A.买方样品 B.卖方样品 C.参考样品 D.对等样品 10.以下()不属于运输包装的标志。
A.运输标志 B.条形码 C.指示性标志 D.警告性标志 二.判断题
1.运输包装上的标志就是指运输标志,也就是通常所说的唛头。()2.包装费用一般包括在货价中,不另行计收。()
3.在进出口贸易中,表示品质的方法多种多样,为了明确责任,最好采用既凭样品买卖,又凭规格买卖的方法。()
4.交货数量的机动幅度可由卖方选择也可由买方选择,不论由何方选择,每次装货均不得超过承运人宣布的船舶装载量。()
5.根据《公约》的规定,如卖方所交货物数量多于约定的数量,买方可以全部收下,也可以全部拒收。()
答案:
选择题:1-5 B B A B C 6-10 D A B D B 判断题:1-5 X √ X √ X
第六章 租船订舱 一.单项选择题
1.在进出口业务中,经过背书能够转让的单据有()。A.铁路运单 B.海运提单 C.航空运单 D.邮包收据 2.在班轮运价表中用字母“M”表示的计收标准为()。A.按货物毛重计收 B.按货物体积计收 C.按商品价格计收 D.按货物件数计收
3.在定程租船方式下,对装卸费的收取办法中FOB的含义是()。A.船方只负担卸货费,而不负担装货费 B.船方不负担装卸费 C.船方只负担装货费,而不负担卸货费 D.船方负担装卸费 4.按提单收货人抬头分类,在国际贸易中被广泛使用的提单有()。A.记名提单 B.不记名提单 C.指示提单 D.班轮提单 5.已装船提单的日期是()。
A.开始装船的日期 B.装船完毕的日期 C.船舶开航的日期 D.船舶到达的日期 6.买方一般不愿接受的提单有()。
A.已装船提单 B.指示提单 C.清洁提单 D.备货提单 7.签发多式联运提单的承运人的责任是()。
A.只对第一程运输负责 B.必须对全程运输负责 C.对运输不负责任 D.只对最后一程运输负责 8.信用证的到期日为12月31日,最迟装运期为12月16日,最迟交单日期为运输单据出具后15天,出口人备妥货物安排出运的时间是12月10日,则出口人最迟应于()向银行交单议付。
A.12月16日 B.12月24日 C.12月25日 D.12月31日 9.班轮运费应该()。
A.包括装卸费,且不计滞期费.速遣费 B.包括装卸费,但应计滞期费.速遣费 C.包括装卸费和速遣费,但不计滞期费 D.包括装卸费和滞期费,但不计速遣费 10.在国际货物买卖合同中,不宜采用以下()方法规定装运港和目的港。A.一般情况下,只规定一个装运港和一个目的港 B.大宗商品可以规定两个装运港和目的港
C.在双方洽商暂无法确定装运港和目的港时,可采用选择港的方式 D.笼统地规定装运港和目的港
二.判断题
1.班轮运费不包括装卸费。()
2.备运提单可注明“已装船”字样而为银行接受。()
3.我某公司二月中旬收到国外来证,证内规定:shipment to become within March,2011。经查二月份正好有班轮直达合同规定的目的港,同时货己如约备妥。在有船有货的情况下,为争取早日收汇,我方可于二月份装船出运。()4.“10,000M/T, Shipment during May,June in 2 lots”。此条款表示每月必须装5,000M/T。()
5.某公司出口电扇1,000台,纸箱装,合同和信用证上规定不许分批装运,装船时有40台包装破裂,风罩变形不能出口,发货人认为根据《UCP600》惯例中的有关规定,即使不能分批装运,只要货款不超过信用证上的总金额,货物的数量亦允许有5%的增减。据此,装运960台也可照常办理议付。()6.过期提单就是指过了装运期才签发的提单。()7.凡是承运人加了批注的提单就是不清洁提单。()
8.空白抬头.空白背书的提单是既不填写收货人,又不要背书的提单。()
9.凡装在同一航次.同一条船上,且运往同一目的港的多次装运的货物,即使装运时间和装运地点不同,也不视为分批装运。()
10.“Port of destination: London and Liverpool”是指货物分别在这两个港口卸货。()
答案:
选择题:1-5 B B C C C 6-10 D B C A D 判断题:1-5 X √ X X X 6-10 X X X √ √
第七章 办理国际货运保险
一.单项选择题
1.根据我国“海洋货物运输保险条款”规定,“一切险”包括()A.平安险加11种一般附加险 B.水渍险加11种一般附加险 C.一切险加11种一般附加险 D.11种一般附加险加特殊附加险 2.我某公司出口稻谷一批,因保险事故被海水浸泡多时而丧失其原有用途,货到目的港后只能低价出售,这种损失属于()。
A.单独海损 B.共同海损 C.实际全损 D.推定全损 3.某批出口货物投保了水渍险,在运输途中由于雨淋致使货物遭受部分损失,这样的损失保险公司将()。
A.负责赔偿整批货物 B.负责赔偿被雨淋湿的部分 C.不予赔偿 D.在被保险人同意的情况下,保险公司负责赔偿被雨淋湿的部分
4.在我国海洋运输货物保险业务中,下列()险别不可适用“仓至仓”条款。A.WA or WPA B.FPA C.ALL RISKS D.WAR RISKS 5.在FOB条件下,进口商应向保险公司办理货物运输保险的手续,在进口贸易业务中,通常采用的保险形式有()。
A.预约保险
B.逐笔保险
C.一切险
D.平安险 二.判断题
1.运输途中部分纸箱受潮,箱装的服装出现了水渍,由于该批货物投保了水渍险,所以 货主可向保险公司索赔。
2.保险单是一项权益的凭证,经背书后可以随货物所有权的转移而进行转让。
3.保险金额应该在CIF发票总额的基础上加10%计算,如发票为FOB 或CFR,则先换为CIF金额后再加一成。
4.按国际保险市场惯例,大保单与小保单具有同等的法律效力。
5.如果被保险货物运达保险单所载明的目的地,收货人提货后即将货物转运,则保险公司的保险责任于转运到达目的地仓库时终止。答案:
单项选择题:1-5 B C C D A 判断题:1-5 X X √ √ X
第八章 报验和报关
一、单项选择题
1.对产地和报关地相一致的出境货物,经检验检疫合格的,出具()。A.《出境货物通关单》 B.《出境货物换证凭单》 C.《出境货物换证凭条》 D.《出境货物不合格通知单》 2.一般出口商品应在出口报关或装运前()天报检。A.3 B.5 C.7 D.9 3.在进出口合同的商品检验条款中,关于检验时间和地点的规定最为重要。在我实际业务中使用最多的是()。
A.在出口国检验 B.在进口国检验 C.在出口国检验、在进口国复验 4.买方复验的期限就是()。
A.质量保证期限 B.索赔期限 C.退货期限 5.下列中属于法定检验商品的是()。A.列入《种类表》中的商品
B.有关法律和行政法规定须经商检机构检验的进出口商品 C.各地商检机构自行规定的进出口商品 D.(A)和(B)
二、判断题
1.商检证书的主要作用之一是通过对商品进行检验,以确定卖方所交货物的品质、数量、包装是否与合同的规定相符。2.凡属法定检验范围的商品,在办理进出口清关手续时,必须向海关提供商检机构签发的检验证书,否则,海关不予放行。
3.在我国,法定检验的检验方法一般由商检机构决定,通常采用抽查。4.凡是出口商品,必须通过商检构检验才能出口。
5.任何商品的商检证书,必须由商检局出具,才能作为议付的凭证之一。
答案:
单项选择题:1-5 A C C B D 判断题:1-5 √ √ X X X
第十章 出口贸易的后续工作
1.仲裁协议是仲裁机构受理争议案件的必要依据()
A.仲裁协议必须在争议发生之前达成 B.仲裁协议只能在争议发生之后达成 C.仲裁协议可以在争议发生之前达成,也可在争议发生之后达成 2.在同外商商订买卖合同中的仲裁条款时,关于仲裁点有下列各种不同的规定,在其他各种交易条件不变的情下,其中对我最有利的一种是。()
A.在双方同意的第三国仲裁 B.在被告国仲裁 C.在我国仲裁 D.在对方国家仲裁 3.仲裁费用一般规定由()
A.胜诉方负担 B.败诉方负担 C.双方各半负担 4.仲裁裁决的效力是()
A.终局的,对争议双方具有约束力 B.非终局的,对争议双方不具有约束力 C.有时是终局的,有时是非终局的 D.一般还需法院最后判定 5.我从西欧某商进口当地通常可以买到的某化工产品,在约定的交货期前,该商所属生产上述产品的工厂之一因爆炸被毁,完全丧失生存能力,西欧客商()。A.因遇不可抗力事故,可要求解除合同 B.因遇不可抗力事故,可要求延期履行合同
C.因遇不可抗力事故,可要求延期履行合同,但我方有索赔的权利 D.不属于不可抗力事故,我方应要求西欧客商按期履行合同 6.发生(),违约方可以援引不可抗力条款要求免责。
A.战争 B.世界市场价格上涨 C.货币贬值 D.生产过程中的过失
7.按《公约》的解释,如违约的情况未达到根本性违反合同的程度,则受损害的一方()。A.不但有权向违约方提出损害赔偿,而且可宣告合同无效 B.只能向违约方提出损害赔偿的要求,不可宣告合同无效 C.只可宣告合同无效,不能要求损害赔偿 D.可根据违约情况选择以上答案
8.以下不属于()仲裁与诉讼的区别。
A.仲裁以争议双方当事人自愿为基础,而诉讼具有强制性 B.仲裁的手续较为简单,而诉讼的手续比较复杂 C.仲裁对双方的关系影响较小,而诉讼较伤和气 D.仲裁的费用较高,而诉讼的费用较低 9.以下不属于仲裁协议的作用的是()。
A.约束双方解决争议的方式 B.排除法院对该案件的管辖
C.授予仲裁机构对该案件的管辖 D.仲裁解决不了的,还可提请上诉 10.出口退税申报时间是报关单上注明的出口日期起()天内。A.60 B.90 C.120 D.180
二、判断题
1.出口收汇核销单的作用体现在国家职能部门对出口货物的收汇跟踪管理,防止外汇流 失。
2.出口退税是各国政府普遍使用的鼓励出口的措施。3.出口收汇核销是在出口退税工作之后的一项工作
4.在国际贸易中,对所有的进出口货物都必须进行检验并出具证书。5.任何商品的商检证书,必须由商检局出具,才能作为议付的凭证之一。
6.申请国际仲裁双方当事人应事先订有仲裁协议,而向法院诉讼,无须事先征得对方同意。7.仲裁裁决一经作出即具有法律效力,如败诉方不肯自愿执行裁决,则仲裁员可以强制其执行。
8.我与外商签订一笔进口合同,不久该商品价格猛涨,外商援引不可抗力条款电传要求解除合同,我方只好同意。
9.一旦发生不可抗力事故,遭遇事故方只有征得对方同意才能不执行合同。
10.有关当事人一旦接到不可抗力事故的通知后无论同意与否,应及时给对方答复。
答案:
选择题:1-5 C C B A B 6-10 A B D D B 判断题:1-5 √ √ X X X 6-10 √ X X X √
第二篇:国际贸易实务习题集
习题集
山东工商学院中加学院
国际贸易教研室
国际贸易实务(双语)
国际贸易实务(双语)综合习题集
Part I: Multiple Choices(Choose the Best Answer for Each of the Following Questions)
1.The one who buy insurance is called()A.an insurance company
C.the insured
B.a broker
D.an insurer 2.What is the name given to the sum of money which a person agrees to pay to an insurance company? A.compensation
C.investment
B.premium
3.An insurance agreement is called an()? A.insurance policy
C.insurance cover
B.insurance contract
D.insurance document D.commission 4.Under FOB contract, the()is to arrange insurance.A.seller
C.buyer
B.insurer
D.carrier 5.When the seller contracts for insurance, it is a(n)()contract.A.CFR
C.FAS
B.FCA
6.The one who lodges a claim is known as an().A.insurer
C.insurance broker
B.the insured
D.claimant D.CIF 7.()does not have the normally accepted meaning, but means loss in the insurance business.A.Partial loss
C.Coverage
B.Total loss
D.Average8.()is the broadest kind of coverage but does not include all risks.A.Free of Particular Average
C.With particular Average
B.All Risks 9.Risk of breakage is considered to be the()A.Free of Particular Average
C.General additional risks
B.With Average
D.Special additional risks D.TPND 10.The person to whom the goods are shipped is called _______.A.the consignor
C.the shipper
B.the consignee
D.the manufacturer 11.As Swedish arbitrators often are()lawyers, the arbitrators’ fees are usually in line with those of lawyers.A.practice
C.practising
B.practise
D.practised 12.The Institute may also decide to discharge an arbitrator on the()of any lawful excuse or failure to perform his duties in an adequate manner.A.basis
C.excuse
B.reason
D.ground 13.If the institute has requested a party to perform any act within a()time, such time limit may be extended by the Institute.A.specified
C.specifying
B.specify
D.limited14.If an arbitrator is replaced in the course of the proceedings, the newly()tribunal shall decide whether and to what extent a prior oral hearing shall be repeated.A.comprised
C.consisted
B.composed
D.built 15.The arbitrators are()to receive remuneration for their work in accordance with the principles stated above and, in addition, to receive reimbursement of their expenses.A.entitled
C.subject
B.qualified
D.required 16.The international uniform customs practice in written for documentary collection is().A.UCP600
C.Incoterm2000
B.ISP98 17.The payer of promissory note is the().A.drawer
C.payee
B.drawee 18.()needn’t draft generally.A.Open Negotiation L/C
C.Deferred payment L/C
B.Sight Payment L/C 19.The Opening Banks of L/C deal with().A.services
B.goods
C.documents
D.performance to which the documents may relate 20.According to UCP600, if there is no indication in the credit of the insurance coverage required, the amount of insurance coverage must be at least()of the CIF or CIP value of the goods.A.110%
B.10%
D.Restricted Negotiation L/C D.creditor D.URC522 2 C.100%
D.130%
21.If the cargoes are not discharged from the ship or lighter, then the time of insurance duty under war risks shall be limited to()days counting from the midnight of the day when the vessel arrives at the port of destination.A.15 days
C.60 days
B.30 days
22.WPA is()in Chinese.A.平安险
C.一切险
B.水渍险
D.战争险 D.2 years 23.The Ad.V.standard for liner freight is calculated on the basis of().A.CIF price
C.CFR price
B.FCA price
24.Unless the Credit stipulates otherwise,().A.Partial shipments and transshipments are allowed B.Partial shipments and transshipments are not allowed C.transshipments are not allowed, but Partial shipments are allowed D.transshipments are allowed, but Partial shipments are not allowed 25.The net weight and G.W for some goods is 28kgs per piece and 30kgs respectively.Its measurement is 45CMX35CMX22CM per piece.If the calculation standard for liner’s freight tariff is W/M10, the shipping company will calculate the freight()
A.on the basis of net weight
C.on the basis of measurement
B.at the shipper’s option
26.The most frequently used pricing methods is()A.fixed pricing
C.Partial fixed price and partial unfixed price
B.flexible pricing
D.Floating pricing).D.at the carrier’s option D.FOB price 27.In international export practice, in case we conclude a FOB or CFR contract with the buyer abroad, unless otherwise agreed, we must give the buyer notice that the goods have been delivered on board the vessel, so as to enable him to()in time.A.arrange shipment
C.take delivery
B.cover insurance
D.open L/C 28.The CIF contract is a typical “document transaction” or “()”.A.dependent transaction
C.symbolic delivery
B.physical delivery
D.arrival contract 29.The variations of CFR involve only the problem of who is to pay()charges, with nothing to do with the place of delivery or the place of risk separation.A.loading
B.demurrage
C.freight
D.unloading
30.In INCOTERMS 2000, under()trade term, the customs declaration for import is the responsibility of seller.A.EXW
C.CIF
B.DDP
D.FOB 31.Which of the following expressions to quality is right and proper?()A.Chinese Groundnut, Moisture 13%, Admixture 5%, Oil content 44%.B.Cloth Doll Sample No.123, quality to be completely equal to the sample.C.Tetracycline HCL Tablets, Sugar Coated, 250mg, B.P.D.grey duck's down, duck's down content 18%(1% more or 2% less)“.32.If no expiry date for presentation of documents is stipulated in L/C, banks will not accept documents presented to them later than()days after the date of shipment.A.15
C.7
B.21
D.60 33.In Credit operations all parties concerned deal with().A.goods
B.services
C.documents
D.other performances to which the documents may relate 34.If the cargoes are not discharged from the ship or lighter, then the time of insurance duty under war risks shall be limited to()days counting from the midnight of the day when the vessel arrives at the port of destination.A.15 days
C.60 days
B.30 days
D.2 years 35.Under ICC, the insurer will bear the maximum responsibility if ICC()is adopted.A.A
C.C
B.B
D.Malicious risks 36.The net weight and G.W.for some goods is 30kgs per piece and 34kgs respectively.Its measurement is 45CMX35CMX20CM per piece.If the calculation standard for liner’s freight tariff is W/M10, the shipping company will calculate the freight()
A.on the basis of net weight
C.on the basis of measurement
B.on the basis of gross weight
D.at the carrier’s option
37.As for the(), the charter will employ the master and take charge of the deployment and management of the ship.A.Voyage Charter
C.Bare-boat Charter
B.Time Charter
D.Liner 38.The Ad.V.standard for liner freight is calculated on the basis of().4 A.CIF price
C.CFR price
B.FCA price
little damaged” on the B/L.This B/L is a/an().A.Clean B/L
C.To order B/L
B.Unclean B/L
D.Shipped B/L D.FOB price 39.The shipping company makes a notation such as “Few carton bottom little wet”、“Some carton 40.When a company negotiates payment through bank, which kind of B/L will the bank accept?().A.Clean on board B/L
C.Unclean B/L
B.Received for shipment B/L 41.COD is the abbreviation of().A.Cash of Delivery
C.Cash of Document
B.Cash on Delivery
D.Cash on Document D.Ante-dated B/L42.It should be stressed that the scope of INCOTERMS is limited to matters relating to the rights and obligations of the parties to the S/C with respect to the delivery of goods sold in the sense of,()A.“merchantable”
C.“tangible” such as stationary
B.“negotiable”
D.“intangible” such as software
43.If the parties to a sales contract do not in advance agree upon whether the quantity of goods is determined by gross weight or net weight, it will be determined by().A.gross weight or net weight
C.tare weight
B.net weight
D.gross weight 44.According to the CISG, if the quantity delivered by the seller is greater than of the contract, the buyer can refuse().A.all the goods
C.the quantity stipulated in S/C
B.the excess part of the whole quantity
D.the quantity stipulated in L/C 45.Suppose you are an export and your business place is in China, which one of the following quotation is correct?()A.USD150 PER BALE FOB NEW YORK
B.$200 FOB SHANGHAI C.EURO500 PER SETS DEQ VANCOUVER
D.HKD50 PER PAIR GUANGZHOU 46.Contracts must renewed one week _____their expiration.A.on
C.the moment of
B.against
D.before
47.The commodities you offered are _____line with the business scope of our clients.5 A.outside
C.out
B.out of
D.without
48.We are arranging for an inspection tour of _____the material was processed.A.place
C.where
B.the place
D.there 49.We are reconsidering those trade terms _____might be adverse to the interest of our principals.A.what
C.when
B.that
D.where
50.We find that there is no stipulation of transshipment _____in the relative L/C.A.allowing
C.which allowed
B.which allows
D.being allowed 51.After unpacking the case we found that the goods did not ______with the original sample.A.match
C.agree
B.come up
D.measure 52.If the first shipment ______ , we guarantee that we will send you many repeat orders.A.match
C.agree
B.come up
D.measure 53.It is necessary that an arbitration clause ________in the contract.A.will be included
C.be included
B.must be included
D.has been included 54.Please see that your written confirmation ________by the end of this month, otherwise we will be free form the obligation for this offer.A.reaches us
C.reach us
B.will reach us
D.reached us 55.That helps to explain ______businesses are setting up Net sites even though profits aren’t yet very big.A.that
C.why
B.the reason for
D.why that 56.We wish to stress that shipment must be made within the prescribed time limit, as a further ______will not be considered by our end-users.A.prolong
C.extension
B.protract
D.expansion
57.With computer users linked to the Internet growing _____every year, business is trying to cash in on the worldwide network.A.at million
C.with one million
B.with a million
D.by millions
58.We regret having to remind you that 30% of the freight is still______.A.owned
C.outstanding
B.owning
D.understanding
59.________you fulfill the terms of the L/C, we will accept the drafts drawn under this credit.A.Provided
C.In the case
B.To provide
D.Only if 60.Kindly advise us of the steamers that call _______your port every month.A.at
C.in
B.on
D.for61.It should be _____if you could immediately ________what quantity you can supply us at present.A.thankful, advise
C.appreciated, advise
B.appreciate, advise
D.appreciating, inform 62.We thank you for your e-mail of November 25__B____your purchase of 10 M/T wild rice.A.confirm
C.to confirm
B.confirming
D.confirmed 63.Subject to satisfactory arrangements ______terms and conditions, we should be pleased to act as your sole agent.A.as
C.as if
B.as per
D.as to 64.Our usual terms of payment are _______L/C and we hope they will be satisfactory ______you.A.by, for
C.for, to
B.by, to
D.for, with 65.That helps to explain why businesses are setting up Net sites ______ profits aren’t yet very big.A.even
C.even though
B.although
D.why that 66.The contract between a party who agrees to accept the risk and a party seeking protection from the risk a contract of _________.A.payment
C.shipment
B.production
D.insurance 67.The customs duties act _______an essential leverage on regulating import and export behavior.A at
C.in
B.as
D.to 68.The Chinese word “运单” is translated as________.7 A.invoice
C.Waybill
B.B/L
D.Contract 69.When we want to buy something from other countries, we should make ________ first.A.an offer
C.a confirmation
B.a inquiry
70.Swedish Krona is the currency of ________.A.Singapore
C.Sri Lanka
B.Spain
71.Cairo is a city of _______.A.Sri Lanka
C.Egypt
B.Denmark
D.Indonesia D.Sweden D.an acceptance 72.In the contract, usually there is a ________ clause to protect the buyer against loss from delay of the shipment of the goods.A.payment
C.penalty
B.shipment
D.quality 73.This contract is made _______ Dalian International Economical Trade Co.and Kich Boro International Limited.A.among
C.with
B.between
D.by 74.In foreign trade business, the trade terms CFR is often used, CFR is the abbreviation for _______.A.cost, insurance and freight
C.cost and freight
B.commercial invoice
D.consular invoice
Keys to multiple choices:
71
C C A D B B C C 2 12 22 32 42 52 62 72 B D B B C B B C 3 13 23 33 43 53 63 73 A A D C D C D B 4 14 24 34 44 54 64 74 C B A A B A B C 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 D A C A C C C 6 16 26 36 46 56 66 D D A B D C D 7 17 27 37 47 57 67 D A B C B D B 8 18 28 38 48 58 68 B B C D C C C 9 19 29 39 49 59 69 C C D B B A B 10 20 30.40 50 60 70 B A B A D A D
Part II: True or False 1.Exporting gives a manufacturer a large market for his products, while imports have unfavorable effects on the home market.2.Some commodities, like tea and wool, are sold on a tale quail basis and the buyer has to inspect a consignment himself.3.Immediate delivery is known as a future contract.4.Quoting firm prices for many months ahead involves little risk.5.Hedging is an operation adopted by merchants and others in the commodity markets who deal in futures to protect themselves against risk of loss, caused by future changes in price.6.The prices of produce remain unchanged for weeks and months, so buyers can place orders on the basis of printed price lists.7.The manufacturer may appoint a foreign agent who acts as a principal and pays for the goods himself.8.A closed indent is one which names the supplier of the goods required.9.A clearing agent is usually skilled in completing the formalities needed to clear goods through the Customs.10.Advertising aims to make a product or service known to the public in order to sell it.11.An offer may not indicate the terms of payment.12.The price-list and catalogues sent to some companies are also offers with binding effect.13.According to the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, an acceptance with non-material alterations or additions can still constitute a valid acceptance..14.According to the CISG, a late acceptance caused by abnormal transmission of the post office is nevertheless effective unless the offeror shows objection without delay.15.Landed quality refers to the quality of the goods re-inspected upon their arrival at the port of destination.16.After issued of the letter of credit, the Issuing Bank may refuse payment if the applicant becomes bankrupt.17.After the negotiating bank negotiates the documents, which are refused by the opening bank later, the negotiating bank may ask the beneficiary for repayment.18.According to the UCP600, a freely negotiable credit must stipulate a place for presentation of documents for negotiation.19.If the L/C prohibits partial shipments and the goods are shipped in full quantity with the price not reduced, a short drawing of 5 percent in the amount is permissible.20.If the Issuing Band appoints the Bank of China as its Advising Bank of L/C, then the Issuing Bank may ask the Bank of Asia to advise amendments to the L/C.21.A bank will only accept a clean transport document.A clean transport document is one bearing no clause or notation expressly declaring a defective condition of the goods or their packaging.The word “clean” need not appear on a transport document, even if a credit has a requirement for that transport document to be “clean on board”.22.The date of the insurance document must be no later than the date of shipment, unless it appears from the insurance document that the cover is effective from a date not later than the date of shipment.23.The war risks both under CIC and ICC are can be covered independently.24.Insurance against F.P.A.means that the insured cannot obtain compensation from the insurer if particular average occurs.25.The insurance endorsement cannot be used as a dependent document.It is only a supplementary document attached to insurance policy or certificate.26.Warsaw-Oxford Rules clearly explain the thirteen kinds of trade terms in current use.27.According to INCOTERMS2000, FCA is suitable for all kinds of transportation.28.The main difference between a CIF contract and a DES contract lies in the fact that the former is a symbolic delivery of goods, whereas the latter is a physical delivery of goods.29.In general, soft currency should be chosen for exports and hard currency for imports.30.The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods does not limit the forms of contracts.31.The “receipt rule” insists that delaying or missing of an acceptance on the way constitutes an effective contract.32.The conformity of goods with samples refers, according to the CISG, to the conformity of the quantity, quality, description and packing of goods with those of the sample.33.When the goods do not conform to the sales contract, the bank may stop payment immediately even if the documents are correct and complete.34.According to INCOTERMS 2000, FAS is suitable for all kinds of transportation.35.Unless otherwise stated in the Credit, a transferable Credit can be transferred more than once.36.After issued of the letter of credit, the Issuing Bank may refuse payment if the applicant becomes bankrupt.37.According to the UCP500, a freely negotiable credit must stipulate a place for presentation of documents for negotiation.38.When the goods are posted, the latest date of shipment refers to the date of Post Receipt.39.If the Issuing Band appoints the Bank of China as its Advising Bank of L/C, then the Issuing Bank may ask the Bank of Asia to advise amendments to the L/C.40.The instrument of payment used in M/T is cheque.41.According to international trade practice, you cannot have the goods insured if you did not have insurable interest in the goods.42.Under CIC, no additional risk can be purchased to insure goods independently.43.The insurance endorsement cannot be used as a dependent document.It is only a supplementary document attached to insurance policy or certificate.44.Institute Cargo Clause(A)has the widest coverage among all its clauses.10 45.When there are optional ports in the S/C, where the goods are to be unloaded must be decided and confirmed by the buyer at least 48 hours before the ship arrives at the first optional port.46.A letter of indemnity is issued by the seller to the buyer to certify that the goods delivered are in good condition.47.When the ship-owner speeds up his ship and arrives at the destination at an earlier date than is stipulated, he can obtain dispatch money from the shipper.48.According to the interpretation of the Revised American Foreign Trade Definition, FAS is suitable for all kinds of transportation.49.The Neutral packing means the packing without the name of the origin.50.Price terms are mainly applied to determining the prices of commodities in international trade.51.Warsaw-Oxford Rules clearly explain the thirteen kinds of trade terms in current use.52.As an exporter, you concluded a deal with an American on basis of EXW;then your transaction risk is reduced the minimum degree.53.According to the interpretation of the Revised American Foreign Trade Definition, FAS is suitable for all kinds of transportation.54.On CIP terms, the seller must pay the freight rate and insurance premium as well as bear all the risks until the goods have arrived at the destination.55.A letter of indemnity is issued by the seller to the buyer to certify that the goods delivered are in goods condition.56.According to the UCP 500, a bill of lading which is issued subject to a Charter Party must be accepted unless the Credit stipulates otherwise.57.When you transport your goods by a Time Charter, you have to pay for loading and unloading.58.When the ship-owner speeds up his ship and arrives at the destination at an earlier date than is stipulated, he can obtain dispatch money from the shipper.59.When the charterer fails to load or unload the goods within the stipulated period of time, he has to pay demurrage to the ship-owner.60.Sometimes when the buyer cannot determine a specific port of discharge, he may require two or three ports to be written on the contract for option.61.When there are optional ports in the contract, the goods may be unloaded at any one of the ports at the shipping company’s disposal.62.When importing on FOB terms, we can generally stipulate the port of discharge.14 An order bill of lading may be negotiable after being endorsed.63.A bill of lading is a transport contract in which the shipping company promises to transport the goods received to the destination.64.In China, insurance companies do not accept insurance based on Institute Cargo Clause.65.Institute Cargo Clause(A)has the widest coverage among all its clauses.66.Almost all the insurance companies provide door-to-door coverage service.67.Insurance against F.P.A.means that the insured cannot obtain compensation from the insurer if particular average occurs.11 68.If you have insured your goods against All Risks, you will get compensated whatever risks occurs to your goods.69.The quantity terms of goods is one the conditions of an effective sales contract.70.In international trade, only the Metric System is allowed to indicate the quantity of goods.71.If the parties to a sales contract do not in advance agree upon whether the quantity of goods is determined by gross weight or net weight, it will be determined by gross weight.72.Net weight refers to the actual tare of all the packing materials.73.Conditioned weight is, in fact, the actual weight of the moisture of a certain commodity.74.The quantity terms of goods is one the conditions of an effective sales contract.75.In international trade, only the Metric System is allowed to indicate the quantity of goods.76.If the parties to a sales contract do not in advance agree upon whether the quantity of goods is determined by gross weight or net weight, it will be determined by gross weight.77.Net weight refers to the actual tare of all the packing materials.78.Conditioned weight is, in fact, the actual weight of the moisture of a certain commodity.79.According to the CISG, if the quantity delivered by the seller is greater than that of the contract, the buyer can refuse all the goods.80.The more or less Clause in a S/C allows the seller to deliver as more or as fewer goods as possible.81.The only weakness of delivering fewer goods than stipulated is that the seller gets less paid.82.The Beneficiary of a letter of credit may indicate his acceptance or rejection of the amendments till when he presents the relevant documents.83.In our country goods for export must go through customs clearance.84.When exporting goods on CFR, CPT or FOB terms, the seller must pay the insurance premium.85.According to UCP500, if documents are in correspondence with L/C’s stipulations, discrepancies between the documents themselves are allowed.86.Banks will refuse to pay if the documents which are not required by the L/C are presented to them.87.When documents are presented to the Opening Bank, they shall be examined carefully within one month.Keys to True or False:
01.F
0 2.T
03.F
04.F
05.T
06.F
07.F
08.T
09.T 11.T
12.F 13.F 14.T 15.T 16.F 17.T 18.F 19.T 21.T
22.T 23.F 24.F
25.T 26.F
27.T 28.T 29.F 31.F
32.T 33.F 34.F
35.T
36.F 37.F
38.T
39.F 41.F
42.T
43.T 44.T 45.T
46.F 47.F 48.T 49.T 51.F
52.T
53.T 54.F 55.F
56.F
57.T 58.F 59.T 61.F
62.T
63.T 64.T 65.F
66.T 67.T 68.T
69.F
10.T20.F 30.T40.F50.F 60.T 70.T 71.F
72.F
73.F 74.T 75.F
76.F
77.F 78.F
79.F 80.F 81.F
82.T
83.T 84.F
85.F
86.F 87.F
Part III: Definitions 1.tariff 23.clean draft 2.surtax 24.TT 3.anti-dumping duty
25.documentary letter of credit
4.specific duty 26.sight L/C 5.ad valorem duty 27.standby L/C 6.quota 28.particular average 7.import license 29.general average 8.foreign exchange control 30.partial loss 9.shipper 31.constructive total loss
10.charter party
32.open policy 11.shipped B/L 33.warranty 12.clean B/L 34.receipt 13.straight B/L 35.acceptance 14.order B/L 36.force majeure event 15.stale B/L 37.private dispute resolution
16.foreign exchange 38.mediation 17.exchange rate 39.consular invoice 18.offer rate(of foreign exchange)
40.Customs invoice 19.definite offer 41.certificate of origin
20.acceptance 42.pro-forma invoice 21.commercial draft 43.packing list 22.usance draft 44.mate’s receipt
Keys to the Definitions:
1.A tariff is duty or fee is levied on goods being imported into(or exported out of)a country.2.Surtax is an additional tax.It may also be temporary and discriminatory.In international trade, import surtax is often collected to cope with international payment difficulties and to prevent dumping.3.Anti-dumping duty is a fee that is collected by the importing country when it believes that the exporting country is selling a significant amount of goods to the importing country at prices much lower than in the exporting country.4.Specific duty is a tax of a certain sum assessed and collected on an article without reference to its value or market.5.Ad valorem duty is a tax which is graded according to the cost, or market value, of the article taxed.6.A quota is a quantitative restriction or an upper limit in terms of physical quantity or value.7.An import license is a permit for import issued by the government to control the import of goods.8.Foreign exchange control means various forms of restriction imposed by a government on the purchase/sale of foreign currencies by residents or on the purchase/sale of local currency by nonresidents.9.Shipper: the person who makes the contract with the carrier and hands over the goods for carriage.10.Charter party: a written contract in charter shipping between the ship operator and the charterer(shipper)11.Shipped B/L: a B/L indicating that the goods have been shipped or loaded on board on a named vessel, as evidenced by the pre-printed wording or the on board notation on the bill of lading 12.Clean B/L: a B/L bearing an indication that the goods are received without damage, irregularities or short shipment 13.Straight B/L: a non-negotiable B/L in which the goods are consigned to a designated party 14.Order B/L: a negotiable bill of lading in which the goods are consigned to the order of a named party, usually the shipper 15.Stale B/L: a B/L that is negotiated when the L/C has expired or one that will reach the consignee after the arrival of the cargo 16.Foreign exchange is the currency of any foreign country which is the authorized instrument of settlement and the basis for record keeping in that country 17.Like any other commodities, a foreign exchange has a price, which is expressed in another currency.Exchange rate is the price relationship between the currencies of two countries or the price of one currency in terms of the other.18.Offer rate is the price at which a bank is willing to sell foreign exchange to its customers.19.A definite offer is one that clearly expresses the offerer’s willingness in concluding a transaction by providing complete and clear information for the deal.Normally it includes all the necessary items for a transaction, specifies the time by which the offer is valid and the time the acceptance must be received, and uses the phrase “offer firm” meaning that the offer is made without reservations.20.An acceptance is a statement made by the offeree indicating assent to an offer.21.A commercial draft is a payment order issued by a firm, not a bank, directing another party to pay a specified sum to the payee.22.A usance draft is an order of payment that will be made in a specified number of days after issue or acceptance of the draft or at a fixed future date.23.A clean draft is one that is paid without the presentation of any other documents attached.24.TT is a method of transferring funds by telecommunication system such as telex and cable.25.Documentary letter of credit is a conditional bank undertaking or guarantee of payment.26.A sight L/C is one by which the beneficiary is paid upon presentation of complying document.27.A standby L/C is an L/C representing an obligation by the issuing bank on a designated third party(the beneficiary)which is contingent on the failure of the bank’s customer to perform under the terms of a contract with the beneficiary.28.Particular average means a loss that is borne solely by the owner of the lost property such as damage of cargo by sea water.29.General average means a partial, deliberate and reasonable sacrifice of the ship, freight, or goods, undertaken for the common safety of the adventure in time of peril and/or extraordinary expenditure with the like object such as the charges for towing a stranded ship.30.Partial loss means: 1)total loss of part of the insured cargo and 2)damage to all or part of the insured cargo.31.Constructive total loss means the subject matter insured is reasonably abandoned on account of its actual total loss appearing to be unavoidable or because it would not be preserved from actual total loss without an expenditure greater than its recovered value.In other words, it is unlikely to recover the subject matter or the cost of recovery will exceed the value of the subject matter.32.Open policy is an arrangement in which terms such as types of risks to be covered, validity of the insurance contract, rate, premium, maximum(but not specific)value of each shipment, geographical limits, etc are worked out when the contract is sighed.Each shipment is covered once the assured declares the details.The assured may be authorized to issue against payment a pre-printed insurance certificate which is valid after completion of shipment details and his signature for documentation purposes.33.A warranty is an assurance by one party to a contract of the existence of a fact upon which the other party may rely.It is intended precisely to relieve the promise of any duty to ascertain the fact for himself, and it amounts to a promise to indemnify the promise for any loss if the fact warranted proves untrue.34.Receipt means that the goods have come into the control of the buyer without regard to ownership or to agreement to any aspect of the goods.35.Acceptance means that the buyer has the control of the goods with consent regarding the goods delivered.36.A force majeure event is one that can generally be neither anticipated nor brought under control.37.Private dispute resolution refers to the settlement of dispute privately instead of by litigation.38.Mediation is informal, voluntary process in which an impartial person, trained in facilitation and negotiation techniques, help the parties reach a mutually acceptable resolution.39.Consular invoice: usually a copy or an original of the commercial invoice and transport document that has been recorded and stamped by a consul of the destination country.A consular invoice is a document prepared by the shipper and certified in the country of origin by a consul of the country of importation, e.g., at the consular section of the embassy.It shows the transaction details such as name of exporting firm, name of consignee, country of origin, place of loading, description of goods, quantity, weight/measurement, etc.It is required by the importing country in order for them to compile statistics, to control import, and to check the origin of goods and the credit of exporter.40.Customs invoice: generally a destination country customs form.Such forms duplicate much of the information on the commercial invoice and packing list, and additionally require information or answers to questions of particular interest to customs in determining the admissibility of the goods and assessing duty and/or tax.Such customs invoices are currently required by relatively few countries, and typically only for higher value shipments or shipments of certain commodities, and/or in cases where the importer may be seeking some type of preferential treatment or admissibility by customs.This invoice is required by the destination country in order to clear the goods through Customs, to compile statistics, to verify country of origin for import duty and tax purpose, to compare export price and domestic price, and to fix anti-dumping duty.41.Certificate of origin: a document issued by a government agency, a chamber of commerce or relevant association.An importing country often asks for such a certificate in order to extend preferential duties to goods form acceptable countries, to apply import controls such as sanction, quota, or anti-dumping duty and to collect statistics.42.Pro-forma invoice: a document created in the format of a commercial invoice, but not actually constituting an invoice(i.e., not a demand for the payment of money).It should contain all or most of the information which will or should appear on a prospective commercial invoice should the described transaction materialize.Pro-forma invoice are commonly used as a format for rendering a quotation for the sale of goods, particularly an export sale where the trade terms and/or shipping and other incremental cost must be specially accounted for if they are included within the total transaction price.It is not a record of sales effected already, but a representation of a sales invoice issued before a transaction has been concluded.43.Packing list: a supplement to a commercial invoice to show the details of a shipment when specifications, quantities, weights or contents of individual units in the shipment vary(e.g., car parts).It is used in order to recognize the goods, to clear the Customs, and to check the goods.44.Mate’s receipt: a document issued by the mate of the carrying vessel when loading is completed.Shipper then exchanges the receipt for a B/L at the shipping company.It has no legal authority regarding processing financial settlement of international consignments but merely confirms cargo is placed on board a ship pending issue of a B/L.Part IV: Answer the Following Questions 1.What is international trade? 2.What are the major motivations for private firm to operate international business? 3.What is the most essential motive to pursue international trade? 4.What measures do most companies usually adopt to avoid wild swings in the sales and profits? 5.Pleas give the four major operation forms chosen by most companies.6.What does balance of payments account mean? 7.What are the basic sources of international revenue and expenditure for most countries? 8.Could you find any difference between Direct Investment and Portofolio Investment? If you can, please tell the main reasons.9.What is MNE? What are its synonyms? 10.Please give examples to explain “Services are earnings other than those from goods.” 11.What influences the international operational forms which a company will choose? 12.What limits a firm’s sales?
13.Why is merchandise exports and imports the firs type of foreign operations in which a firm gets involved? 14.What does “royalties” mean? 15.What is “franchising”?
16.What is the definition for contract? What may happen if any party fails to fulfill his contractual obligations? 17.What are the two parties of business negotiations? And give examples as you can.18.Why do the trading parties usually prefer a written contract? What is the difference between a sales contract and a sales(purchase)confirmation? 19.What does the setting up of a contract generally contain? 20.What does the contract proper usually include? 21.Please explain in English what the meaning of chartering is and its character.22.What is time of delivery and what has to be paid attention to in stipulating the time of shipment? 23.Please tell the functions of a bill of lading.24.What are the main kinds of bill of lading in international trade? 1.简述国际贸易中包装的重要性及约定包装条件的意义。2.国际贸易中商品运输包装的要求有哪些? 3.简述运输包装的分类情况。
4.国际贸易中商品销售包装的要求有哪些?
5.设计和制作销售包装时,应做好哪些工作? 6.条形码的使用对国际贸易有何促进作用?
7.影响定牌生产产生的原因有哪些?其具体做法是什么? 8.联合国制定标准运输标志的原因是什么?其作用有哪些? 9.买卖双方制定合同中包装条款时应注意哪些问题? 10.各国法律对实际履行作为一种救济方法的规定有何不同? 11.大陆法、英美法和《公约》对损害赔偿责任的成立各有什么规定? 12.各国法律对损害赔偿范围的规定有何不同?
13.各国法律对构成解决合同的条件的规定有何不同?我国又是怎样规定的? 14.处理理赔工作时应该主要哪些问题?
15.按英国法规定,卖方行使停运权有几种方法?行使停运权时应注意拿几个条 件?
16.按《英国货物买卖法》的规定,所交货物与合同不符违反要件的情况有几种?
Keys to the questions:
1.International trade is business whose activities involve the crossing of national borders.It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also encompasses the growing services industry in areas such as transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling, and mass communications.It includes all business transactions that involve two or more countries.Such business relationship may be private or governmental.2.Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification of sales and supplies.3.To gain profit.4.To seek out foreign markets and procurement.5.There are four major forms which are the following: Merchandise exports and Imports, Service Exports and Imports, Investment and Multinational Enterprise.6.It is the account which is a summary statement of the flow of all international economic and financial transactions between one nation(eg.the United States)and the rest of the world over some period of time, usually one year.7.Merchandise Exporting and Importing.8.Yes.There are great differences between them.1)direct investment takes place when control follows the investment.It usually means high commitment of capital, personnel, and technology abroad.It aims at gaining of foreign resources and foreign markets.Direct investment may often get higher foreign sales than exporting.And sometimes it involves two or more parties.18 2)While portfolio investments are not under control.And they are used primarily for financial purposes.Treasures of companies, for example, routinely more funds from one country to another to get a higher yield on short term investments.9.MNE is the abbreviation of the multinational enterprise.Its synonyms are NNC(the multinational corporation)and TNC(transnational corporation).10.Examples are travel, transport, fee, royalties, dividends and interest.11.The choice of forms is influenced by the objective being pursued and the environments in which the company must operate.12.It is limited by the number of people interested in a firm’s products and services and by customers’ capacity to make purchase.13.This is because at an early stage of international involvement these operations usually take the least commitment and least risk of a firm’s resources.14.Royalties means the payment for use of assets from abroad, such as for trademarks patens, copyrights, or other expertise under contract known as licensing agreements.Royalties are also paid franchising.15.It is a way of doing business in which one party(the franchiser)the use of a trademark that is an essential asset for the franchisers’ business.16.A contract is an agreement which sets forth bind obligations of the relevant parties.And any part that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued and forced to make compensation.17.There are two parties of business contract negotiations: oral and written.The former refers to direct discussions abroad;written negotiations often begin with enquiries made by the buyers.18.A written contract is generally prepared and signed as the proof of the agreement and as the basis for its execution.A sales or purchase confirmation is less detailed than a contract, covering only the essential terms of the transaction.It is usually used for smaller deals or between familiar trade partners.19.The setting up of a contract is similar to that of a trade agreement or any other type of formal agreements.It generally contains: 1)the title.The type of the contract is indicated in the title;2)the contract proper.It is the main part of a contract;3)the signature of the contracting parties indicating their status as the seller or the buyer;4)the stipulations on the back of the contract and are equally binding upon the contracting parties.20.It generally contains the time of shipment, the mode of payment described in addition to an exact description of the goods including the quantity, quality, specifications, packing methods, insurance, commodity inspection, claims, arbitration and force majeure, etc.21.It is also called tramp.A shipping by chartering is a freight-carrying vessel which has no regular route or fixed schedule of sailing.It is first in one trade and then in another, always seeking those ports where there is a demand at the moment for shipping space.The shipper 19 charters the ship from the ship-owner and uses it to carry the goods.It falls into 3 kinds: voyage charter, time charter and demise charter.22.The time of delivery refers to the time limit during which the seller shall deliver the goods to the buyer at the agreed place by the agreed methods.There are the following ways to stipulate the time of delivery in the contract.In stipulate the time of delivery we have to pay attention to the followings:(1)The shipment date should be made in such a manner that it facilitates the seller and enables the seller to effect shipment on time and perform the relevant obligations stipulated in the contract.For instance, the seller should be given a period of reasonable time for arranging the supply of the contracted goods.(2)Different shipment period should be fixed, based on the availability of shipping space, for contracted goods of different nature.An unreasonable short time for shipment shall cause no little inconvenience to the seller.(3)According to the relevant stipulations of(Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits): Expressions such as “prompt”;“immediately”, “as soon as possible” and the like should not be used.If they are used banks will disregard them.(4)Unless otherwise stipulated in the credit, the expression “shipment” used in stipulating an earliest and/or a latest shipment date will be understood to include the expressions “ loading on board”, “dispatch”, “accepted for carriage”, “flight date”, “date of post receipt”, ”date of pickup“ and in the case of a credit calling for or allowing a multi-modal transport document the expression “taking in charge”.(5)If the expression “on or about” and similar expressions are used, banks will interpret them as a stipulation that shipment is to be made during the period from the five days before to five days after the specified date, both end days included.The words “to”, “until”, “till”, “from” and words of similar expressions applied to any date or period in the credit referring to shipment will be understood to include the date mentioned.The word “after” will be understood to exclude the date mentioned.The term “first half”, “second half” of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 15th, and the 16th to the last day of such month, all dates inclusive.The terms “beginning”, “middle”, or “end” of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 10th, the 11th to the 20th', and the 21st to the last day of such month, all dates inclusive.23.The Bill of Lading has three important functions.a.It is a receipt for goods signed by the shipping company and given to the shippers;b.It is also evidence of a contract of carriage between the shipping company and shippers.In addition, c.it is a document of title because the legal owner of the Bill of Lading is the owner of the goods.For this reason the Bill of Lading can be used to transfer the goods-from one owner to another.“When the exporters complete it, they can write the buyer’s name in the space, “consignee”.This means the consignee is the legal owner of the goods, 20 as named on Bill of Lading.Otherwise the exporters can write “to other” in the consignee space.Underneath “to order” they write the name and address of the agent.Then the agent in the importing country can endorse the bill to the buyer.In this way the importers can transfer the consignment to their customers.This means that there has to be a separate Bill of Lading for each consignee and several consignments can not be consolidated on to one bill.24.There are several types of Bills of Lading which are categorized in different ways.(1).On board B/L and received for shipment B/L According to whether the goods are loaded or not, the bills of lading can be classified into on board(or shipped)B/L and received(or received for shipment)B/L.A shipped on board B/L is evidence that the goods have been loaded on board a certain steamer.It commences with the wording “Shipped in apparent good order and condition”, According to general foreign trade practices, only the shipped on board B/L is accepted by banks for payment under a L/C.(2).Clean bill and unclean bill According to whether there are notes on the B/L, it falls into 2 kinds: clean B/L and unclean B/L.A clean B/L shows that the goods have been shipped on board a vessel in apparent good order and condition, and there is no modification of the shipowner.This bill of lading is called “clean” or “unclaused”.It confirms that the goods have not suffered apparent or outside damage and there does not seem to be any defect in the packing.By issuing clean bill of lading, the shipowner admits his full liability of the cargo described in the Bill under the law and his contract.This type is much favored by banks for financial settlement purpose.Unclean B/L is generally marked “insufficiently packed”, “covers old and stained”, “wet by rain”, “…packed in damaged condition”, “unclean”, “foul”, etc.There are many recurring types of such clauses including inadequate packaging, unprotected machinery, wet or stained cartons, damaged crates, etc.This type of B/L is usually unacceptable to a bank.But not all B/L(s)which are noted are unclean B/L.(3).A straight B/L, An order B/L and A blank B/L According to whether the B/L is transferable, it is divided into 3 kinds: straight B/L, order B/L and blank B/L.A straight B/L is made out so that only the named consignee at the destination is entitled to take delivery of the goods under the bill.The consignee is designated by the shipper.The carrier has to hand over the cargo to the named consignee, not to any third party in possession of the bill.This kind of B/L is not transferable.The shipper cannot pass the bill to a third party by endorsement.So the bill is of very restricted application.When the goods are shipped on a non-commercial basis, such as samples or exhibits, materials in aid of other countries, or when the goods are extremely valuable, a straight B/L is generally issued.21 An order B/L indicates that the bill is made out to the order of or to order of …any person named in such a bill, which may be transferred /negotiated after endorsement.So it is sometimes called transferable B/L.It is because of this that nowadays, it is commonly used in international practice.A blank B/L is also called open B/L or bearer B/L.It refers to the bill in which the name of a definite consignee is not mentioned.The area in B/L calling for the name of the consignee is left blank, with neither the name of the consignee nor the phraseology of “to order” filled in.This kind of B/L can be transferred/ negotiable without endorsement.There usually appear in the box of consignee words like “to bearer” and holder of the B/L can take delivery of the goods against the surrender of B/L, i.e., ownership of the goods passes when the bill is handed over to anyone.(4).Direct B/L, A transshipment B/L, A through B/L According to the modes of transport, it can be divided into 3 kinds.A direct B/L is referred to the consignment carried to the port of destination directly without transshipment.A transhipment B/L is issued by shipping companies when there is no direct service between the port of loading and port of destination, and the ship owner arranges to tranship the cargo at an intermediate port at his expense.This kind of Bill usually bears such a clause “Transhipment to be made”
A through B/L is issued when the entire voyage involves more than one carrier, where the ocean shipment forms only part of the complete journey and, subsequent thereto, the goods have to be carried by other land or sea carriers.The first carrier issues the bill and collects the freight for the entire voyage, and arranges transshipment and forwarding of the goods at the intermediate port.The shipper prefers this kind of B/L because of the trouble having been saved to deal with other carriers by himself.(5).A long form B/L, A short form B/L According to the contents of the B/L, it can be divided into 2 forms: Long Form B/L and Short Form B/L A long form B/L refers to the B/L on the back of which all the detailed terms and conditions about the rights and obligations of the carrier and the consignor are listed as an integral part of the bill.It is more frequently used.A short form B/L is a document which omits the terms and conditions on the back of B/L.(6).A freight prepaid B/L, A freight to be collected B/L According to the time for payment of freight, it can be divided into 2 types.A freight prepaid B/L means that all the freight is paid by the consignor when B/L is issued by the carrier on which “freight prepaid” is indicated.A freight to be collected B/L refers to the B/L on which “freight payable at destination” is indicated.22(7).A liner B/L, A charter party B/L According to the types of the carrying vessels, it can be classified into a liner B/L and a charter party B/L.(8).Other types of B/L Besides the above-mentioned types of B/L there are some other types such as: container B/L;on Deck B/L;stale B/L;groupage B/L;house B/L;antedated B/L and advanced B/L.1.答:包装重要性体现在以下几个方面:
(1)是实现商品价值和使用价值的重要手段,是商品生产和消费之间的桥梁。
(2)出口商品需经过长距离辗转运输,有时需多次装卸、搬运和存储,包装可保证商品质量和数量完整,方便货物装卸、搬运、储存。
(3)商品生产过程,包装是最后一道工序;在流通领域中,包装具有保护商品、美化商品、宣传商品、提高售价的重要作用,并可作为对外竞争的重要手段。约定包装条件的意义在于:
(1)不仅起到保护和美化商品作用,且包装本身还是货物说明的组成部分。
(2)按一些国家法律解释,如一方违反了所约定的包装条件,另一方有权提出索赔,甚至拒收货物。
2.答:(1)必须适应商品特性。(2)必须适应各种不同运输方式的要求。(3)必须考虑有关国家的法律规定和客户要求。
(4)要保证包装牢固的前提下节省费用,便于各环节有关人员进行操作以免使货物遭受损失。
3.答:(1)按包装方式,可分为单件运输包装和集合运输包装,后者又分为集装包和集装袋。
(2)按包装造型,可分为箱、袋、桶和捆等方式。
(3)按包装材料,可分为纸制,金属、木制、麻制品、玻璃制品、陶瓷制品及竹、柳、草制品包装等。
(4)按包装质地,可分为软性,半硬性和硬性包装。(5)按包装程度,可分为全部包装和局部包装。
4.答:(1)便于陈列展销,以吸引顾客和供消费者选购。(2)便于识别商品,以便消费者了解,看货成交。(3)便于携带和使用,为消费者提供方便。
(4)要有艺术吸引力,以便吸引顾客、提高售价、扩大销路。
5.答:(1)包装的装潢画面要美观大方,富有艺术吸引力,突出特点,图案和色彩要适应有关国家民族习惯和爱好,便于扩大出口。
(2)包装上的文字说明应同装潢画面紧密配合,互相衬托,以达到宣传和促销目的,使用文字应简明扼要,并能让顾客看懂,必要时可中、外文并用。
23(3)包装上标签应注意有关国家的标签管理条例,尤其是食品、药品、服装。(4)销售包装还应注意条形码技术的使用问题。
6.答:(1)有效提高结算效率和准确性,也方便了顾客。
(2)有利于提高国际间贸易信息传递的准确性,使交易双方及时了解对方 商品有关资料和本国商品在对方的销售情况。
(3)条形码的使用是有效促使名优商品打入许多国家超级市场的前提条件。7.答:定牌生产产生的原因有:
(1)世界许多国家超级市场、大百货公司和专业商店在其经营出售商品上标有本商店使用的商标或品牌,以扩大本企业知名度并显示该商品身价。
(2)出口厂商为利用买方经营能力及商业信誉和品牌声誉,以提高商品售价和扩大销路,也采用定牌生产。
我国出口贸易中定牌生产具体做法有:
(1)在商品或包装上,打印上外商所指定的商标或品牌,而不标明生产国别和出口厂商名称。
(2)在商品或包装上,表明我国的商标或品牌,同时加注国外商号名称或表示其商号的标记。
(3)在商品或包装上,采用买方指定商标或品牌,同时注明“中国制造”字样。8.答:制定原因为:(1)运输标志内容较多。(2)有时要加进一些不必要项目。
(3)各国和各种运输方式之间对运输标志的要求差异较大,不能适应国际货物流动量的增加和多式联运的开展,不利于电子计算机在运输和单证流转方面的应用。作用有:
(1)减少了运输标志内容,节省出口成本、时间和费用。(2)提高计算机操作和审单效率,加速船舶和资金周转。
(3)消除因运输标志内容过多和繁杂而可能造成的失误和困难,保证交货的顺利进行。9.答:
(1)对包装要求应当明确具体,做到明确规定包装材料、造型、规格。除传统商品外不宜采用“按惯常方式包装”等含糊包装术语。另外,除非买卖双方对具体内容事先充分交换意见或在长期业务往来中就问题取得一致认识,包装条款一定要明确具体。
(2)应订明包装费用由何方负担。按惯例,包装费用一般在货价之内,包装条款中无须另行订明。若买方坚持要求对原本不需包装的商品实施特殊包装,导致包装费用超出正常,增加产品成本,或包装物料刚好构成产品成本增加时,则订明包装费用负担。若卖方同意接受买方提供包装,包装条款中还应订明寄送包装方法,包装送达日期,送交包装延迟责任及运送包装费用负担等内容。进口合同中对包装技术性较强的商品通常在单价后注明“包括包装费用”,以免发生纠纷。
24(3)明确由何方提供运输标志。按惯例,运输标志可由买方提供,也可由卖方决定。卖方决定时可不订入合同,或只订明“卖方标志”,由卖方设计后通知买方。买方提供时应在合同中规定买方提供时间,如超过时间卖方可提出其他补救方法。
(4)明确包装不良应负的责任。保险公司一般不负责因包装不良造成的损失。在包装条款中,应对包装不善所造成损失的索赔问题作适当规定,以防止进口货物因包装不良受到损失,对仪器、机器设备进口时使用的包装条款,更应就索赔问题作出详细规定。10.答:(1)大陆法系将实际履行作为一种主要的救济方法。(2)英美法系将实际履行作为例外的辅助性的救济方法。(3)按《公约》的规定,当事人有权要求对方实际履行合同义务。
11.答:(1)大陆法系认为,损害赔偿责任的成立,必须具备以下三个条件: 必须要有A、必须要有损害事实。B、须有归责于债务人的原因。
C、损害是由于债务人应予负责的原因造成。
(2)英美法认为,只要一方违约,就足以构成对方可以提起损害赔偿之诉。(3)《公约》认为,损害赔偿是一种主要的救济方法。
12.答:(1)《德国民法典》认为,损害赔偿的范围应包括违约所造成的与实际损失和所得利益两方面。法国法关于损失赔偿的范围的原则与德国法是一致的。(2)英美法认为,损失赔偿的范围,是使由于债务人违约而蒙受损害的一方,在经济上能处于该合同得到履行时同等地位。另外还规定,一方违约,另一方有 义务采取一切合理的措施以减少违约造成的损失,否则本来可以合理避免的损 失,不能要求给以赔偿。
(3)我国《涉外经济合同法》对损害赔偿金额的确定,遵循两个原则: A、当事人赔偿责任应相当于另一方所受的损失。
B、赔偿责任不得超过违约方在订立合同时应当预见到的因违反合同可能造成的 损失。
(4)《公约》对此也有规定、A、一方当事人违反合同应负的损害赔偿额,应与另一方当事人因他违反合同而 遭受的包括利润在内的损失额相等。
B、为限制守约方漫天要价,还规定了守约方可以得到的损害赔偿“不得超过违反合同一方在订立合同时,按照他当时已知道或理应知道的事实和情况,对违反合同预料和理应预料到的可能损失”。
13.答:(1)大陆法对此规定得比较简单。大陆法认为,只要合同一方当事人不履行其合同义务时,对方就有权解除合同。
(2)英国法认为,一方违约构成违反要件,对方才可要求解除合同;如果一方 仅仅是违反担保,对方只能请求损害赔偿,而不能要求解除合同。美国法与英国 法的规定有些相似。
25(3)《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》认为,合同一方不履行义务构成根本性违约,另一方有权解除合同。
(4)我国《涉外经济合同法》认为,一方违约,另一方在下列两种情况下才能 要求解除合同:
A、违约必须导致严重影响订立合同所期望的经济利益。
B、如果一方在合同规定的期限内没有履行合同义务,而且在被允许的推迟履行 的合理期限内仍未履行,则守约方可要求解除合同义务。
14.答:(1)认真细致身后国外买方提出的单证和出证机构的合法性。(2)认真做好调查研究、弄清事实、分清责任。(3)要合理确定损失程度、金额、和赔付办法。15.答:(1)两种办法:
A、通过实际占有货物的办法行使停运权。
B、把行使停运权的要求通知占有货物的承运人和货物的保管人,但要按卖方的 指示处置货物。
(2)未收货款的卖方在行使停运权时要注意必须符合下列三个条件: A、卖方已经丧失了对货物的占有权。B、卖方必须在买方无力偿付时行使停运权。C、卖方必须在货物处于运输过程中行使其停运权。16.答:(1)卖方所交货物不具备商销品质。(2)卖方所交货物与合同说明不一样。(3)卖方所交货物不适合约定的特殊用途。(4)卖方所交货物与凭样成交时的品种不符。(5)卖方所交货物与合同规定的品种不同。
(6)卖方所交货物在数量上大于或小于合同规定的数量。
Part V: Case Study
1.A company concludes a contract under CIF term.It receives a L/C issued abroad on 1 July.The opening date of the L/C is 20 June and the validity of the L/C is 15 August.Suppose that:(1)the L/C stipulates ”Prompt Shipment“,then the latest date of shipment is()。(2)the L/C stipulates ”Shipment on or about 20th July",then the date of shipment is()。(3)the beneficiary starts the shipment on 10 July and finishes it on 12 July.The ship arrives the port of destination on 20 August.The buyer takes delivery of the goods also on 20 August.Then, the date of B/L should be().The date of insurance policy should be().The time of document presentation should be not late than().The time of delivery for the seller is()。
2.Company CH exported to a Nigerian company a consignment of torches totaling about 60000 pounds.The relevant L/C from Nigeria stipulated, “The goods shall be shipped by six installments from June to November” Company CH shipped the goods in compliance with the prescription of the L/C in June, July and August, and obtained the relevant installment payments.However, in September the goods could not be loaded on board because a heavy typhoon was attacking the coastal area.Then, company CH decided to continue with the shipment in October.When the documents were sent to Nigeria, the Issuing Bank was justified in refusing payment? Please refer to relative stipulations in the UCP 600 and explain the reasons.3.A ship started on its voyage after loading, but in the course of the journey a fire broke out during transit in Hold A, which had been loaded with stationary and tea.The captain ordered his crew to pour water on the fire.It was found out, after the fire was extinguished, that part of the stationery had been burned, the remainder and the tea had been soaked through.Then, what risk would you have covered if you had wanted to be compensated for the losses? 4.A Chinese export company concluded a business with a British agent in 2005 metric tons of commodity at DM 345 CFR Antwerp per metric ton.The time of shipment was November 2005 and February 2006.The agent issued the relevant letter of credit on time, stipulating the latest date of shipment as December31, 2005.The original ship the Chinese company booked, however, came to the port of shipment on December 31.Because of unidentified reasons, the goods were actually shipped on the 18th of January 2006.The Chinese export company put the issuing date of the bill of lading back to December 31, 2005, and obtained payment from the bank against the relevant documents.The ship reached Antwerp in early April 2006.This aroused doubt from the client, who, after inviting the court surveyors, went aboard and examined the logbook.When the client found out that the actual date of shipment was January 18, 2006, he refused to take delivery and claimed compensation from the Chinese export company.How would you settle this issue? 5.In 2005, a certain export company of China sent a group of businessmen to the United States for purchase of equipment.In New York both parties reached an oral agreement on such items as specifications, unit price, and quantity.Upon leaving, the group indicated to the other party that, when they got back to Beijing, they would draw a contract, which would become effective after being signed by both parties.After going back to Beijing, the group found that the clients withdrew their import of the equipment, and thus the contract was not signed and the L/C was not opened, either.The US side urged the Chinese side to perform the contract;otherwise they would lodge a claim with the Chinese side in the US.Please analyze the case and give an opinion on how the Chinese export company was to deal with this case and why? 6.A Chinese trading company E concluded a transaction in steel with a Hong Kong company W on the basis of FOB China Port.Company W immediately resold the steel to Company H in Libya on the terms of CFR Liberia.The L/C form W required the price terms to be FOB China Port and the goods to be directly delivered to Liberia.The L/C also required “Freight Prepaid” to be indicated on Bill of Lading.Why did Company W perform so? What should we do about it? 7.A Chinese import and export company concluded a Sales Contract with a Holland firm on August 5, 2000, selling a batch of certain commodity.The contract was based on CIF Rotterdam at USD 2500 per metric ton.The Chinese company delivered the goods in compliance with the contract and obtained a clean-on-board Bill of Lading.During transportation, however, 100 metric tons of the goods got lost because of rough sea.Upon arrival of the goods, the price of the contracted goods went down quickly.The buyer refused to take delivery of the goods and effect payment and claimed damages from the seller.How would you deal with this case? 8.The ABC Company exported a consignment of silk.As the shipping marks in the relevant L/C were not clear, the person in charge thought that the L/C did not stipulate the shipping marks.He, then, made the shipping marks himself.As a result, discrepancies occurred between the made shipping marks and those stated in the L/C.The buyers, therefore, refused to pay for the documents.However, after negotiation, the buyers agreed to pay only when the ABC Company had reduced the original prices by 10 percent.What lesson can we learn from this case? 9.Mr.Smith, an American businessman, sold a batch of IBM computers to a Hong Kong importer, Mr.Chen.The sales contract was concluded in the United States of America on the terms of CIF Hong Kong.During execution of this contract, disputes arose between the seller and the buyer on the form and interpretation of the contract.In such a case, did the law of the U.S.A.or the law of Hong Kong apply to the disputes? Why? 10.我某外贸公司向日本商人以D/P见票即付方式推销某商品,对方答复如我方接受D/P见票后90天付款条件,并通过他指定的A银行代收货款则可接受。请分析日方提出此项要求的出发点。
11.一载货船舶在航行途中不慎搁浅,事后船长下令反复开倒车,强行起浮,但船上轮机受损并且船底划破,致使海水渗进货舱,造成船货部分受损。该船驶进附近的一港口修理并暂卸大部分货物,共花一周时间,增加了各项费用支出,包括船员工资共8000美元。船修复后装上原货重新启航后不久,A舱起火,船长下令灌水灭火。A舱原载有儿童玩具、茶叶等,灭火后发现儿童玩具一部分被烧毁,另一部分儿童玩具和全部茶叶被水浸湿。试分析上述各项损失的性质,并说明在投保何种险别的情况下,保险公司方负责赔偿?
12.我国某出口公司向法国出口货物一批,合同中的贸易术语是CIF MARSEILLES,卖方在合同规定的时间和装运港装船,货船离港后不久便触礁沉没。次日,当卖方凭提单、保险单 28 以及发票等有关单据通过银行向买方要求付款时,买方以无法收到合同中规定的货物为由,拒绝接受单据和付款。问:我方应该如何处理?
13.某公司向国外出口一批仪器,合同规定由买方提供唛头,但截至买方提供时间届满为止,仍未见其通知设计情况,而该公司货已备好。问:该公司应如何处理此事?
14.某公司以FOB条件出口一批茶具,买方要求公司代为租船,费用由买方负担。由于公司在约定日期无法租到合适的船,且买方不同意更换条件,以致延误了装运期,买方以此为由提出撤销合同。
问:买方的要求是否合理?
15.某公司以CPT条件出口一批冬装,公司按期将货物交给指定承运人,但运输途中由于天气原因延期一个月,错过了销售季节,买方由此向该公司提出索赔。问:此项损失应由谁承担?
16.我方按CIF 条件进口一批床单,货物抵达我方后发现床单在运输途中部分受潮,而卖方已如期向我方提交了合同规定的全套合格单据并要求我方支付货款。问:我方是否能以所交货物受潮而拒付货款或向卖方提出索赔?
17.英国某公司以CFR 条件进口一批大豆,在约定日期未收到卖方的装船通知,却收到卖方要求该公司支付货款的单据。过后我方接到货物,经检验部分货物在运输途中因海上风险而丢失。
问:该公司应如何处理?
18.我方按CIP 条件进口10 顿化肥,先经上海运输,抵达目的港后转为铁路运输,我方受领货物后,卖方要求我方支付货款和铁路运费,请问卖方行为是否合理?
19.我方某公司出口一批冻鸡,货物抵达目的港后经海关检验发现因包装不良导致部分冻鸡变质,外商据此向我方提出索赔,请问外商做法是否合理?
20.我方某公司从国外进口一批手套,合同上规定每箱60 双,共100 箱。货物运抵大连海关后,经检验发现外商擅自改为每箱50 双,共计120 箱。请问我方若据此提出拒收和索赔是否合理?
Keys to case study:
1.July 1, 15 July-25 July, 12 July, on or before 12 July, 2 August, 12 July 2.The Issuing Bank was justified in refusing payment because it acted in accordance with the relevant stipulations in the UCP 600 stipulates that If drawing and/or shipments by installments within given periods are stipulated in the Credit and any installments is not drawn and/or a shipped within the period allowed for that installment, the credit ceases to be available for that and any subsequent installments„„
In this case, the L/C from Nigeria stipulated installment shipments from June to November, and 29 Company CH shipped the goods from June to August and got paid.However, in September Company CH stopped shipping because of a heavy typhoon.In accordance with article 41, the Credit ceased to be availed for the September installment and the subsequent installments, unless otherwise stipulated in the Credit.In this case, as there no other L/C stipulations, the Issuing Bank was right.3.The loss to the stationary pertained to particular average caused by fortuitous accident while the loss to the tea was a partial one, but general average, the losses of G.A.need to be compensated by the interest parties on the proportion value saved„„The insurance company will have compensated for the losses if the goods had been insured against F.P.A.4.In this case the Chinese company had to accept the claim.According to international business practice, the date of delivery is one of the essential terms in a contract, which means that, if one party breaches the date of delivery, the other party may ask for compensation from that party.In this case, the seller put back the real date of shipment so as to cheat the buyer and get paid from the relevant bank, thus trying to escape the responsibilities for the delay of shipment.This is not allowed in business practice because the prices in international markets are frequently changing;therefore, time is money.If the buyer had received his goods in time, he might have been able to grasp a good opportunity and achieve a good profit.On the contrary, as a result of delay on the part of the seller, the buyer lost the chance.5.According to Article 11 of CISG: “A contract of sale need not be concluded in, or evidenced by, writing and is not subject to any other requirement as to form.It may be proved by any means, including witnesses.” Though China and the US are both member countries of the CISG, China declared that it won’t be bound by Article 11 and its related articles.That is to say, any kind of contracts in China must be evidencing by writing.In this case, though both companies agreed orally as to the main terms of the sales contract, there is no writing evidencing the contract.This contract, according to Chinese law, is not effective.6 In this case the contract was concluded between Company E and Company W on FOB term, according to which the seller(Company E)ended his responsibilities when he delivered the goods on board the ship at the port of shipment.He did not need to pay for transportation of the goods or the insurance premium.Therefore, it was not right for W to ask E to pay the freight and indicate “Freight Repaid” on the Bill of Lading.The reason why W asked E to do that might be that he wanted to transfer the freight charges to E.However, in practical dealings, foreign trade companies often come across such situations, especially when a contract is concluded with an agent, who wants to resells the goods.In this case, E might comply with W’s request, but he had to indicated that the freight should be borne by W.7.According to Article 11 of CISG: “A contract of sale need not be concluded in, or evidenced by, writing and is not subject to any other requirement as to form.It may be proved by any means, including witnesses.” Though China and the US are both member countries of the CISG, China declared that it won’t be bound by Article 11 and its related articles.That is to say, any kind of 30 contracts in China must be evidencing by writing.In this case, though both companies agreed orally as to the main terms of the sales contract, there is no writing evidencing the contract.This contract, according to Chinese law, is not effective.8.The most important lesson we can learn is that, it is essential for the exporter to present documents in accordance with the stipulations of the relevant LC.In this case, finding the shipping marks illegible on the LC, the export salesman in the ABC Company, instead of asking the buyer for clarification, decided the shipping marks himself.This constituted discrepancy between the documents and the LC.Article 14 of the UCP500 clearly indicates, “When the Issuing Bank authorizes another bank to pay, incur a deferred payment undertaking, accept draft(s), or negotiate against documents which appear on their face to be in compliance with the terms and conditions of the Credit…” It is clear that the documents presented must be in conformity with the stipulations in the L/C.9.The law of the United States of America applies to this contract because:(a)this was a CIF contract;(b)the place of conclusion of the contract was in the USA;(c)the place of the execution of the contract was also in the USA.The seller completed these responsibilities after he delivered the goods at the port of the USA.10.(1)提出将D/P即期改D/P90天远期,旨在推迟付款,利其资金周转。
(2)而日商指定A银行作为该批托收业务的代收行,则是为了便于向该行借单,以便早日获取经济效益。
在一般的D/P远期业务中,代收行在未经授权的情况下通常是不会轻易同意付款人借单的。该日商所以提出通过A银行代收货款的原因,当然是该商与A银行有既定融资关系,从而可取得提前借单的便利,以达到进一步利用我方资金的目的。
11.(1)案中因触礁造成船底划破,致使海水渗入货舱,造成船货的部分损失以及船舶遇恶劣气候,导致装载的某货主的一部分货物被海水浸湿的损失,属单独海损; 而因修理船只所花费的修理费和各项费用开支共8000美元属共同海损。A舱起火使一部分儿童玩具被烧毁属于单独海损;
而因灌水灭火使另一部分儿童玩具和全部茶叶被水浸湿属共同海损。
(2)在投保了平安险的情况下,被保险人有权就案中所有损失向保险公司提出赔偿要求。
12.本案买卖双方订立的是CIF合同。CIF合同的含义是卖方负担货物在装运港越过船舷前的一切责任、费用和风险。2000通则在CIF解释中的第B5款规定:“买方负担货物越过装运港的船舷后一切货损货差的风险”。因此,货船在途中沉没造成的货物损失应由买方负担,买方应接受所有单据并且按合同规定支付全部货款。在接受单据后,买方可以凭单据向保险单载明的承保人(保险公司)索赔,通常可以获得相当于货物价值1.1倍的赔偿。
13.(1)按国际贸易习惯,唛头由买方提供时在合同中应规定买方提供时间。如超过时间,卖方可提出其他补救办法,如自行规定唛头。
(2)该公司在此情况下应致电买方询问延误原因,请其快速电告所设计唛头,否则将由该公司自行规定。
14.买方的要求不尽合理。理由如下:
采用FOB术语成交,一般由买方负责租船订舱。卖方可以接受卖方的委托代为租船订舱,但卖方不承担租不到船的责任和风险。就此案例来说,因公司代为租船没有租到,买方又不同意更换条件,因此,该公司不承担因自己未租到船而延误装运的责任,买方也不能因此提出撤消合同。所以,买方的要求不合理,责任和风险应该由买方自己承担。
15.此项损失应由买方承担,买方不应该向该公司提出索赔。以CPT术语成交时,风险转移以货交承运人为界,即卖方将货物交给指定承运人,风险即由卖方转移至买方,买方可投货物保险以确保损失最小。就本案例而言,该公司已将货物交给承运人,运输途中及后期风险均由买方自己承担,因此,该公司可拒绝买方的索赔要求。
16.我方不能因床单受潮而拒付货款,也不能向卖方提出索赔。理由如下:
(1)采用CIF 术语成交时,属于象征性交货,卖方是凭单交货,买方是凭单付款,只要卖方如期向买方提交了合同规定的全套合格单据,即使货物在运输途中损坏或灭失,买方也必须旅行付款义务。反之,如果卖方提交的单据不符合要求,即使货物完好无损地运达目的地,买方仍有权拒付货款。就此案例而言,卖方提交了全套合格单据,我方应支付货款。(2)在CIF 条件下,买卖双方风险转移界限以船舷为界。货物越过船舷后的风险应由买方负担。就本案例可以看出,货物越过船舷之前是完好的,因此卖方不承担风险。我方据此不能向卖方提出索赔,可依据所投险别向保险公司提出索赔。17.该公司可向卖方提出索赔。理由如下:
按CFR 条件成交时,尽管货物在海运途中的风险已转移给买方,但买方为降低自己的风险可办理货运保险,这取决于卖方是否及时向买方发出装运通知。据惯例解释,如果卖方未及时向买方发出装运通知,导致买方未能及时办理保险手续,由此引起的损失由卖方负担。就本案例而言,该公司货物部分丢失是由于卖方未发出装船通知而公司未办理保险手续而引起的损失,故此,该公司应向卖方提出索赔。
18.按照CIP 条件成交,卖方要承担保险费和运费。因为CIP 条件适合于各种运输方式,风险是在承运人控制货物时转移,所以卖方要负责办理交货地点到指定目的地的全程运输,而不仅仅是水上运输,因此卖方应支付全程运费。就本案例而言,卖方支付了海上运输的费用,但并没有将货物送往指定目的地,因此还需支付铁路运输的费用。由此,我方应支付货款,但不需支付铁路运费,卖方行为不尽合理。
19.(1)外商做法是否合理应从两个方面来看。(2)一般来讲,保险公司不负责因包装不良所造成的损失。所以在进口合同条款中外商应对包装不善造成的损失的索赔问题做出详细规定。若买方已做出规定,包装不良造成损失由卖方负责,那么外商的做法是合理的。若买方未作具体规定,则外商做法不尽合理,应由双方协商解决,或提交仲裁机构解决。20.(1)我方据此提出拒收或索赔是完全合理的。(2)在国际货物买卖中,如一方违反了所约定的包装条件,另一方有权提出索赔,甚至可以拒收货物。由此可知,虽然外商交货数量与合同规定数量相符,但他的行为违反了合同中的包装条款,已构成违约,我方可以提出拒收或索赔。
Part VI: Calculation 1.Company A in China exports some goods in carton to UK.They quote: USD50 PER CARTON CFR LONDON.But the businessman in UK requires FOBC2 price.To meet his requirement, how much should we offer then?(Suppose:the measurement of the carton is 45CM x 40CM x 25CM;the gross weight for one carton of goods is 35kgs;the calculation standard for freight tariff is W/M;the basic freight rate is USD120 per freight ton;the BAF is 20% and the port surcharge is10%)。2.We import from Australia 1000 bales of wool.the standard weight is 136.08kg each bale.When the goods reach China, the actual weight of a bale is 137.092kg, the actual moisture measuring 11.84%.Then what is the conditioned weight in total should be?(The acceptable international standard regaining water content of wool and raw silk is 11%.)3.我某公司以CIFC3%条件出口一批货物,外销价为每公吨1000 美元,支付运费80 美元,保险费10 美元。该公司进货成本为每公吨4000 元人民币,国内直接和间接费用加15%。求该商品出口总成本、出口外汇净收入、出口换汇成本。
4.我方某公司对外报价FOB 价每公吨500 美元,外商来电要求改报CIF 纽约含佣金3%,保险费率合计为0.8%,国外运费每公吨60 美元。请计算我方应报价。
5.我方对外报价每公吨1000 美元CIF 新加坡,外商来电要求改报FOB 价中国口岸,已知保险费率为0.85%,国外运费每公吨75 美元,试计算我方应报价。
6.我方某公司对外商报价为CFR 价1000 美元,外商要求改报CFRC4%价,我方应报价多少? 7.某合同规定:CIF 香港,每公吨1000 美元,折扣2%。根据该合同成交的进出口业务中出口方每公吨净收入是多少?
8.买卖双方订立合同,规定整套机械设备初步价款为100 万美元,双方约定原材料、工资、管理费和利润在价格中的比重分别为50%、30%、20%。签订合同时物价指数、工资指数均为100,交货时原材料物价指数、工资指数分别上升至110、112。假设双方约定按物价指数和工资指数调整价款,那么最终价格应为多少?
Keys to calculation:
1.1)measurement ton of the carton:0.45*0.4*0.25=0.045 2)weight ton of the carton:0.035 3)0.045>0.035 Based on the w/m, so choose the measurement ton 4)FREIGHT= Freight ton x Basic Freight per F/T x(1+additional freight rates)= 0.045*120*(1+20%+10%)=7.02
5)FOB=CFR-F=50-7.02=42.98(USD)
6)FOBC2=FOB/(1-commission rate)=42.98/(1-2%)=43.86(USD)So, we offer USD43.86 PER CARTON FOBC2 CHINA PORTS.33 2.Wa x(1+standard regaining rate of water)Wc =-1 + actual regaining rate of water In which: Wa-Actual Weight Wc-Conditioned Weight
In this case: Wa = 1000 x 137.092 = 137092 KGS standard regaining rate of water = 11% actual regaining rate of water = 11.84% so, Wc = 137092(1+ 11%)/(1+ 11.84%)= 136062.34KGS 3.解:出口总成本=4000×(1+15%)=4600(人民币元)
出口外汇净收入=1000-(80+10+1000×3%)=880(美元)出口换汇成本=4600÷880≈5.227(人民币元/美元)
4.解:CIFC3%纽约价=(500+60)÷(1-1.1×0.8%-3%)≈582.6(美元)5.解:fob 中国岸价=1000×(1-1.1×0.85%)-75=915.65(美元)6.解:CFRC4%价=1000÷(1-4%)≈1041.7(美元)7.解:出口方单位商品净收入=1000×(1-2%)=980(美元)8.解:按题意可知P0=100 万,A=20%,B=50%,C=30%,M=110,M0=100,W=112,W0=100 则最终价格P=100×(20%+50%×110/100+30%×112/100)=108.6(万美元)
第三篇:国际贸易理论与实务考试范围
国际贸易理论与实务考试范围
第一章:了解对外贸易依存度
第二章:贸易理论以及主要观点,重点比较优势,绝对优势,要素禀赋理论。
第三章 不考
第四章自由贸易政策定义和保护贸易政策定义
保护贸易中重商主义,汉密尔顿,李斯特了解
了解关税的计税标准 99、普惠制的原则,了解
了解非关税壁垒的特点 116,非关税壁垒种类主要进口配额制
出口措施了解出口信贷
熟悉定义倾销。熟悉反倾销和反补贴部分内容论述
熟悉绿色壁垒
第五章熟悉区域经济一体化的含义和类型 124
熟悉关税同盟的两个静态效应的定义,贸易转移和贸易创造。141
第六章熟悉世贸组织的基本原则 154
第七章FOB,CIF.CFR 之间的差异小题目较多
熟悉FOB,CIF 的买卖双方责任义务 简单题
熟悉象征性交货
第八章品质公差,溢短装条款熟悉
了解品质依据
第九章了解海运班轮运输,租船运输,滞期费,速遣费
了解海运提单的作用、了解提单的类型
保险的险别,承包的范围,风险损失 小题目较多
熟悉共同海损以及共同海损的构成条件 简答
熟悉推定全损
第十章计算题,三个价格的换算,增加保险费,运费,佣金折扣计算 第十一章熟悉汇票使用 296。8个使用动作
熟悉D/P即期和T/T的流程 简单
三种结算方式的风险比较,熟悉结算方式分别存在哪些风险。熟悉信用证的特点和定义
第十二章了解商检的主要内容342
了解不可抗力的精神原则
了解仲裁的终局性
第十三章了解交易磋商的四个环节以及必要环节
熟悉发盘的定义和构成条件
第四篇:《国际贸易实务》习题集附答案精简最终版
《国际贸易实务》习题集
第一模块 货物的品质
一、不定项选择题
1、卖方根据买方来样复制样品,寄送买方并经其确认的样品,被称为(BDE)。A、复样
B、回样
C、原样
D、确认样
E、对等样品
2、在国际贸易中,造型上有特殊要求或具有色香味方面特征的商品适合于(A)A、凭样品买卖
B、凭规格买卖
C、凭等级买卖 D、凭产地名称买卖
3、若合同规定由品质公差条款,则在公差范围内,卖方(A)A、不得拒收货物 B、可以拒收货物 C、可以要求调整价格 D、可以拒收货物也可以要求调整价格
4、大路货是指(D)
A、适于商销
B、上好可销品质 C、质量劣等
D、良好平均品质
5、卖方交货是因采用GMQ标准而发生争议,通常的解决方式是(C)A、根据买方所在国法律解决 B、根据卖方所在国法律解决 C、同业公会一仲裁的方式解决 D、国际法庭解决
6、目前我国出口的某些工艺品、服装、轻工业品等常用来表示品质的方法是(A)A、凭样品买卖
B、凭规格买卖
C、凭等级买卖
D、凭产地名称买卖
10、凭样品买卖时,如果合同中无其他规定,那么卖方所交货物(B)A、可以与样品大致相同
B、必须与样品完全一致
C、允许有合理公差
D、允许在包装规格上有一定幅度的差异
二、判断题
1、在出口贸易中,表达品质的方法多种多样,为了明确责任,最好采用既凭样品又凭规格买卖的方法。N2、在出口凭样品成交业务中,为了争取国外客户,便于达成交易,出口企业应尽量选择质量最好的样品请对方确认并签订合同。
N3、在约定的品质机动幅度或品质公差范围内的品质差异,除非另有规定,一般不另行增减价格。
Y
第二模块 货物的数量
一、不定项选择题
1、“以毛作净”实际上就是(B)。A、以净重作为毛重作为计价的基础 B、按毛重计算重量作为计价的基础 C、按理论重量作为计价的基础 D、按法定重量作为计价的基础
2、我国目前使用最多的计量方法(B)。A、按数量计算
B、按重量计算 C、按长度计算
D、按体积计算
3、国际贸易中大宗农副产品、矿产品及部分工业制成品习惯计量方法(C)。A、按面积计算
B、按长度计算 C、按重量计算
D、按容积计算
4、在国际贸易中,木材、天然气和化学气体习惯的计量单位(C)。A、按重量计算
B、按面积计算 C、按体积计算
D、按容积计算
5、在国际贸易中,酒类、汽油等液体商品习惯的计量单位(D)。A、按重量计算
B、按面积计算 C、按体积计算
D、按容积计算
6、在国际贸易中,一些贵重金属如黄金、白银的习惯的计量单位(B)。A、克拉
B、盎司
C、长吨
D、公担
7、在国际贸易中最常见的计重方法是(A)。
A、净重
B、毛重
C、公量
D、法定重量
8、根据《跟单信用证统一惯例》规定,合同中使用“大约”、“近似”等约量字眼,可解释为交货数量的增减幅度为(B)。A、不超过5%
B、不超过10%
C、不超过15%
D、由卖方自行决定
9、采用FOB术语成交,数量的机动幅度一般由(A)。A、买方和船方共同协商与以确定 B、卖方和船方共同协商与以确定 C、卖方单独确定 D、船方单独确定
10、采用CIF和CFR术语成交,数量的机动幅度一般由(B)。A、买方和船方共同协商予以确定 B、卖方和船方共同协商予以确定 C、卖方单独确定 D、船方单独确定
11、在国际贸易中通常采用的度量衡制度有(ABCD)。A、英制
B、美制
C、国际单位制
D、公制
12、溢短装数量的计价方法包括(ABC)A、按合同价格结算 B、按装船日的行市计算
C、按货物到目的地时的世界市场价格计算 D、由仲裁机构解决 E、由卖方自行决定
二、判断题
1、某外商来电要我方提供大豆,按含油量18%、含水量14%,不完整粒7%,杂质1%的规格订立合同。对此,在一般条件下,我方可以接受。N2、中国A公司向《公约》缔约国B公司出口大米,合同规定数量为50000公吨,允许卖方可溢短装10%。A公司在装船时共装了58000公吨,遭到卖方拒收。按公约的规定。买方有权这样做。
N
第三模块 货物的包装
一.不定项选择题
1.按照国际惯例,如果合同中没有相关规定,则运输标志一般由(B)提供。
A.开证行 B.卖方
C.买方 D.船方
2.定牌中性包装是指(A)。
A.在商品本身及其包装上使用买方指定的商标/牌号,但不表明产地
B.在商品本身及其包装上使用买方指定的商标/牌号,也表明产地
C.在商品本身及其包装上不使用买方指定的商标/牌号,也不表明产地
D.在商品本身及其包装上不使用买方指定的商标/牌号,但表明产地
3.运输标志的作用是(ABCD)。
A.便于识别货物
B.方便运输
C.易于计数 D.防止错发错运
E.促进销售
4.运输包装从方式上看,可以分为(BC)。
A.混杂包装 B.单件包装
C.集合运输包装
D.中性包装
E.标牌包装
5.按国际惯例,包装费用(C)。
A.不应包括在货物价格之内,并在合同中列示 B.应包括在货物价格之内,但必须在合同中另外列示 C.包括在货物价格之内,一般不在合同中另外列示 D.不应包括在货物价格之内,也不必在合同中列示 6.运输包装和销售包装的分类,是按(D)。
A.包装的目的来划分的B.包装的形式来划分的
C.包装所使用的材料来划分的 D.包装在流通过程中的作用来划分的
7、包装标志按其用途,可分为(ABC)。
A.运输标志 B.指示性标志
C.警告性标志 D.识别标志
E.条形码标志
8、条码标志主要用于商品的(A)上。
A.销售包装 B.运输包装
C销售包装和运输包装 D.任何包装 9. 国际货物买卖合同中的包装条款,主要包括(ABCD)。
A.包装材料 B.包装方式
C.包装费用 D.运输标志 10.集合运输包装可以分为(ABCD)。
A.集装袋
B.集装包
C集装箱 D.托盘
E.桶装
二.判断题
1.运输包装上的标志就是指运输标志,也就是通常所说的唛头。
(N)
2.包装费用通常在单价以外另行计价。
(N)3.以下包装条款是正确的:木箱装,然后装托盘。
(N)4.国际上通用的条形码有两类:UPC和EAN。UPC码是目前国际公认的物品编码标识系统。
(N)5.包装由卖方决定,买方不得要求使用特殊包装。
(N)6.运输标志、指示性标志和警告性标志都是刷在商品的外包装上的。(Y)7.对于警告性标志,各国一般都有统一规定。但我国出口危险品货物除印刷我国的危险品标志外,还应标明国际上规定的危险品标志。
(Y)
8.进出口商品包装上的包装标志,都要在运输单据上表明。
(Y)
9.采用定牌出口商品时,除非买卖双方另有规定,一般都应在商品包装上注明“中国制造”字样。
(Y)
10.指示性标志用图形或文字表示。
(Y)
第五模块 贸易术语和出口价格核算
一.不定项选择题
1.贸易术语在国际贸易中的主要作用是(ABCD)。A.简化交易手续 B.明确交易双方责任 C.缩短磋商时间 D.节省费用开支
2.按照《2010年通则》的解释,采用FOB条件成交,买卖双方风险划分的界限是(D)。
A.运输工具上 B.装运港船边
C.装运港船舷 D.装运港船上
3.根据《2010年通则》的解释,按CFR术语成交,卖方无义务(C)。A.提交货运单据 B.租船订舱 C.办理货运保险 D.取得出口许可证
4.按照《2010年通则》的解释,采用CIF条件成交时,货物装船时从吊钩脱落掉人海里造成的损失由(A)。A.卖方负担 B.买方负担 C.承运人负担 D.买卖双方共同负担
5.按照《2010年通则》的解释,CIF与CFR的主要区别在于(B)。A.办理租船订舱的责任方不同 B.办理货运保险的责任方不同 C.风险划分的界限不同
D.办理出口手续的责任方不同
6.我国出口公司向德国出口核桃3000公吨,一般应采用(D)贸易术语为好。A.FOB汉堡 B.FOB青岛 C.FOB北京机场 D.CIF汉堡
7.在实际业务中,FOB条件下,买方常委托卖方代为租船、订舱,其费用由买方负担。如到期订不到舱,租不到船,(A)。A.卖方不承担责任,其风险由买方承担 B.卖方承担责任,其风险也由卖方承担 C. 买卖双方共同承担责任、风险 D.双方均不承担责任,合同停止履行
8.根据《2010年通则》的解释,FOB条件和CFR条件下卖方均应负担(ACD)。A.提交商业发票及海运提单
B.租船订舱并支付运费 C.货物于装运港越过船舷以前的一切风险 D.办理出口通关手续
9.按照《2010年通则》的解释,FOB、CFR与CIF的共同之处表现在(ABD)。A.均适合水上运输方式
B.风险转移均为装运港船舷 C.买卖双方责任划分基本相同
D.交货地点均为装运港 10.价格条款的正确写法是(D)。
A.每件3.50元CIF香港 B.每件3.50美元CIF C.每件3.50元CIFC伦敦
D.每件3.50美元CIF C 2%伦敦
二.判断题
1.如果买卖双方在合同中作出与国际惯例完全相反的约定,只要这些约定是合法的,将得到有关国家法律的承认和保护,并不因与惯例相抵触而失效。(Y)2.FOB价格条件按各国惯例的解释都是由卖方负责申请领取出口许可证和支付出口税。(N)
3.以下的价格表示法是否正确:DM75.00CIF Hamburg。
(N)4.按FOB、CFR、CIF三种贸易术语成交,货物在装运港装上船以后,风险即告转移。因此,当货物到达目的港后,买方如果发现到货品质、数量和/或包装有任何与合同规定不符的情况,卖方就不负责任。
(N)5.在FOB条件下,卖方可以接受买方委托,代理租船订舱手续。(Y)6.使用固定价格,在合同中明确规定之后,均按合同确定的价格结算货款,任何一方不得擅自变更原价格。
(Y)
7、凡是价格中不含佣金的称为净价。
(N)8.价格条款包括计量单位、单位价格金额、计价货币和价格术语。(N)4 9.佣金和折扣都是在收到全部货款之后再支付的。
(N)
第六模块 国际货物运输
一.不定项选择题
1.班轮运输的运费应该包括(A)。
A.装卸费,不计滞期费、速遣费 B.装卸费,但计滞期费、速遣费 C.卸货费和应计滞期费,不计速遣费 D.卸货费和速遣费,不计滞期费 2.当贸易术语采用CIF时,海运提单对运费的表示应为(A)。A.Freight Prepaid B.Freight Collect C. Freight Prepayable D.Freight Unpaid 3.国际多式联合运输是以至少两种不同的运输方式将货物从一国境内接受货物的地点运至另一国境内指定交付货物的地点的运输,它由(A)。
A.一个联运经营人负责货物的全程运输,运费按全程费率一次计收 B.一个联运经营人负责货物的全程运输,运费按不同运输方式分别计收 C全程运输方式的经营人负责货物的全程运输,运费按全程费率一次计收 D.多种运输方式,分别经营,分别计费 4.班轮运输的特点是(ABCD)。
A.定线、定港、定期和相对稳定的运费费率
B.由船方负责对货物的装卸,运费中包括装卸费,不规定滞期、速遣条款
C.承运货物的品种、数量较为灵活
D.双方权利、义务\责任豁免以船公司签发的提单的有关规定为依据 5.装运期的规定办法通常有(AB)。
A.明确规定具体装运期限 B.规定在收到信用证后若干天
C.规定在某一天装运完毕 D.笼统规定近期装运
6.在定程租船方式下,我国对装卸费的收取采用较为普遍的办法是(A)。A.船方不负担装卸费 B.船方负担装卸费
C.船方只负担装货费,而不负担卸货费 D.船方只负担卸货费,而不负担装货费 7.按提单对货物表面状况有无不良批注,可分为(AB)。A.清洁提单 B.不清洁提单 C.记名提单 D.不记名提单 8.在进出口业务中,能够作为物权凭证的运输单据有(B)。A.铁路运单 B.海运提单 C.航空运单 D.邮包收据 9.在业务中,出口商完成装运后,凭(C)向船公司换取正式提单。A.发货单 B.收货单 C.大副收据 D.商业发票
10.必须经背书才能进行转让的提单是(C)。
A.记名提单
B.不记名提单
C.指示提单
D.海运单
二、判断题
1.海运提单如有三份正本,则凭其中任何一份即可在卸货港向船公司或船代理提货。(N)
2.如合同中规定装运条款为“2003年7/8月份装运”,那么我出口公司必须将货物于7月、8月两个月内,每月各装一批。(N)
3.凡装在同一航次、同一条船上的货物,即使装运时间和装运地点不同,也不作分批装运。
(Y)
4.记名提单比不记名提单风险大,故很少使用。
(N)
5.国际铁路货物联运的提单副本,可以作为发货人据以结算货款的凭证。
(N)
6.按惯例,速遣费通常为滞期费的一半。
(Y)7.根据《跟单信用证统一惯例》的规定,如果信用证中没有明确规定是否允许分批装运及转船,应理解为允许。
(Y)
8.记名提单和指示提单同样可以背书转让。
(N)9.清洁提单是指不载有任何批注的提单。
(N)10.在航空运输中,收货人提货凭航空公司的提货通知单。
(Y)
第七模块
货物的保险
一、不定项选择题
1、海上风险有(BC)。
A、雨淋
B、地震
C、失火
D、锈损
2、构成共同海损的条件(ABC)。
A、共同海损的危险必须是实际存在的,不是主观臆测的 B、消除船、货共同危险而采取的措施必须是合理的 C、必须是属于非正常性质的损失
D、采取措施后,船方和货方都做出可一定的牺牲
3、海上货物运输保险中,除合同另有约定外,哪些原因造成货物损失,保险人不予赔偿(ABCD)。A、交货延迟
B、被保险人的过失 C、市场行情变化
D、货物自然损耗
4、下列危险中属于自然灾害的有(ABCDE)。
A、恶劣气候
B、雷电
C、海啸
D、地震
E、火山爆发
5、下列危险属于意外事故的有(ABCE)。
A、搁浅
B、触礁
C、失踪
D、雷电
E、爆炸
6、构成实际全损的情况有(ABC)。
A、保险标的物全部灭失
B、保险标的物完全变质
C、保险标的物不可能归还保险人 D、施救费用和救助费用超过保险价值
7、出口茶叶,为防止运输途中串味,办理保险时,应投保(BCD)。A、串味险
B、平安险加串味险
C、水渍险加串味险
D、一切险
8、土畜产公司出口肠衣一批,为防止在运输途中因容器损坏而引起渗漏损失,保险时应投保(BD)。A、渗漏险
B、一切险
C、一切险加渗漏险
D、水渍险加渗漏险
9、根据我国海洋运输保险条款规定,一般附加险包括(ABD)。A、短量险
B、偷窃提货不着险
C、交货不到险
D、串味险
10、某国远洋货轮,满载货物从s港启航,途中遇飓风,货轮触礁货物损失惨重。货主向其投保的保险公司发出委付通知,在此情况下,该保险公司可以选择的处理方法是什么?(AD)A、必须接受委付
B、拒绝接受委付
C、先接受委付,然后撤回 D、接受委付,不得撤回
二、判断题
1、海上保险业务的意外事故,仅局限于发生在海上的意外事故。
(N)
2、船舶失踪达半年以上可以推定全损处理。
(Y)
3、共同海损是部分海损中的一种。
(Y)
4、“一切险”的承保范围包括由自然灾害、意外事故以及一切外来风险所造成的被保险货物的损失。
(N)
5、单独海损是指载货船舶在海运途中,被保险货物造成的部分损失。(N)
6、我某公司按CFR贸易术语进口时,在国内投保了一切险,保险公司的责任起讫应为仓至仓。
6(Y)
7、在海运货物保险业务中,仓至仓条款对于驳船运输造成的损失,保险公司不承担责任。
(N)
8、在国际贸易中,向保险公司投保一切险,在运输途中由于任何外来原因造成的一切货损,均可向保险公司索赔。
(N)
9、托运出口玻璃制品时,白保险人在投保一切先后,还应加保破碎险。(N)
10、水渍险的责任范围是除平安险责任范围以内的全部责任外,还包括由于暴风、巨浪等自然灾害引起的部分损失。
(Y)
第八模块
货款的结算
一、不定项选择题
1. 某银行签发一张汇票,以另一家银行为受票人,则这张汇票是(BD)A.商业汇票 B.银行汇票 C.商业承兑汇票 D.银行承兑汇票 2. 在信用证结算方式下,汇票的受款人通常的抬头方式是(B)A.限制性抬头 B.指示性抬头 C.持票人抬头 D.来人抬头 3.属于顺汇方法的支付方式是(A)A.汇付 B.托收 C.信用证 D.银行保函
4.所谓信用证“严格相符”的原则,是指受益人必须做到(B)A.单证与合同严格相符 B.单证与信用证严格相符 C.信用证与合同严格相符 D.单证与信用证、合同严格相符 5.属于银行信用的国际贸易支付方式是(C)A.汇付 B.托收 C.信用证 D.票汇
6.在国际贸易中,用以统一解释调和信用证各有关当事人矛盾的国际惯例是(B)A.《托收统一规则》 B.《国际商会第600号出版物》 C.《合约保证书统一规则》 7.一张有效的信用证,必须规定一个(B)A.装运期 B.有效期 C.交单期 D.议付期
8.按照《跟单信用证统一惯例》的规定,受益人最后向银行交单议付的期限是不迟于提单签发日的(C)A.11 B.15 C.21 D.25 9.保兑行对保兑信用证承担的付款责任是(A)
A.第一性的 B.第二性的 C.第三性的 D.第四性的 10.受益人开立远期汇票但可通过贴现即期足额收款的信用证是(C)A.即期信用证 B.远期信用证 C.假远期信用证 D.预支信用证 11.信用证的第一付款人是(B)。A.进口商 B.开征行 C.出口商 D.通知行
12.汇票有远期和即期之分,在托收业务中,(C)。A.只使用远期汇票 B.只使用即期汇票 C.有时使用远期汇票,有时使用即期汇票
一、判断题
1.根据国际惯例,凡信用证上未注明可否转让字样,即视为可转让信用证。N 2.不可撤销信用证列有装运期,而未列有效期,按《国际商会500号出版物》,应在最后装运期前向银行交单。Y 3.在保兑信用证下就付款责任而言开证行和保兑行同样负第一性付款的责任。Y 4.在承兑交单情况下,是由代收行对汇票进行承兑后,向进口商交单。N 5.在票汇情况下,买方购买银行汇票径寄卖方,因采用的是银行汇票,故这种付款方式属于银行信用。N 7 6.在一般情况下,汇票一经付款,出票人对汇票的责任即告解除。Y 7.贴现是指远期汇票经承兑后,汇票持有人在汇票尚未到期前在贴现市场上转让,受让人扣除贴现息后将票款付给出票人的行为,或是指银行购买未到期票据的业务。Y 8.电汇收取外汇的时间较短,出口商可尽快收回货款,加速资金周转,节约利息支出,同时由于收汇时间短,一定程度上可减少汇率波动的风险。Y
第九模块 货物的检验
一、不定项选择题
1.若使买方在目的港对所收货物无权提出异议,商品检验应(A)。A.以离岸品质、离岸重量为准 B.以到岸品质、到岸重量为准 C.以离岸品质、到岸数量为准 D.以到岸品质、离岸数量为准
2.在国际货物销售合同的商品检验条款中,关于检验时间与地点,目前使用最多的是(C)。A.在出口国检验 B.在进口国检验 C.在出口国检验在进口国复验
D.出口国检验、进口国复检,再到第三国检验 3.对技术密集型产品,易在(AD)。A.出厂前检验 B.装船前检验 C.目的港检验 D.最终用户所在地检验 4.“离岸数量、到岸品质”多用于(B)。A.小批量零星交易 B。大宗商品交易 C.卖方承担责任较小交易
D.货物的品质、数量相对稳定的交易
5.商检部门对进出口商品的质量、规格、等级进行检验后出具的是(A)。A.品质检验证书 B.重量检验证书 C.数量检验证书 D.卫生检验证书
6.我国对外贸易合同中对检验时间和地点的规定主要有(ABCDE)。A.产地或工厂检验
B.出口国装运港(地)检验;进口国目的港(地)检验 C.装船前或装船时在装运港检验 D.在进口国检验
E.装运港(地)检验重量、目的港(地)检验品质
7.我国出口冻禽、冻兔、皮张、毛类、猪鬃、肠衣等货物时,需提供(D)。A.品质检验证书 B.重量检验证书 C.价值检验证书 D.兽医检验证书 E.残损检验证书
8.我国商检机构的基本任务是(ABC)。A.实施法定检验 B.实施监督管理 C.办理公证鉴定业务 D.进行对外索赔 9.商品检验证书在国际贸易中的作用是(ABCDE)。A.证明卖方所交货物是否符合合同规定的依据 B.对外索赔的依据 C.仲裁机构受理案件的依据
D.海关通关放行的有效证件 E.银行付款的主要依据
10.我国进出口商品检验的范围主要包括(ABCD)。
A.现行《种类表》规定的商品
B.我国《食品卫生法》和《进出境动植物检疫法》规定的商品 C.我国《进出境动植物检疫法》规定的商品 D.我国《食品卫生法》规定的商品
二、判断题
1.买方对货物的检验权是强制性的,是接受货物的前提条件。(N)2.按照我国《商检法》规定;法定检验的商品仅指《商检机构实施检验的进出口商品种类表》所列的商品。(Y)3.如果合同中作为商检依据的品质条款和信用证规定不符时,则商检机构按信用证的有关规定检验。(Y)4.如果合同中未对进出口商品的检验标准作出明确确定的话,应首先以进口国标准作为检验依据。(Y)5.以装运港检验机构出具的证书为议付单据,;以目的港检验结果为索赔依据,这种做法对买卖双方均有好处。(N)
6、国际标准化组织的英文缩写是SGS。(N)
7、凡是出口商品,必须经过商检机构的检验之后才能出口。(Y)
8、在出口国检验是指在产地检验出口商品。(N)
9、在国际贸易中,买卖双方凭样成交的,进行商品检验时应按合同进行检验。(N)
10、进出口商品检验机构检验、鉴定后出具的证明文件称为检验证书。(Y)
第十模块 货物的索赔
一、不定项选择题
1.交易一方认为对方未能全部或部分履行合同规定责任与义务而引起的纠纷是(A)。A.争议 B.违约 C.索赔 D.理赔
2.双方当事人在合同中明确规定“货物运抵目的港后30天内索赔”。这种索赔期限是(B),A.法定索赔期限 B.约定索赔期限 C.固定索赔期限 D.变动索赔期限
3.在合同中对卖方较为有利的索赔期限可规定为(D)。A.货物运抵目的港(地)后xx天内
B.货物运抵目的港(地)后卸离海轮后X火天 C.货物运抵最终目的地后XX天户 D.货物装上船后XX天内
4.《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》规定的索赔期限为买方实际收到货物后(D)内。A.半年 B.1年 C.1年半 D.2年
5.我与外商按CIF条件成交某商品1 000打,允许卖方有5%溢短装幅度,我实际装1 000打(提单也载明 000~'1),货抵目的港后,买方即来函反映仅收到948打,并已取得船公司短少证明,向我索赔。我方正确答复应是:(C)。A.同意补装52打 B.同意退2打货款 C.请与海运公司和中国人民保险公司或其代理联系 D.与海运公司联系
6、国际贸易中的索赔案件,多数原因是(ABCD)。A.卖方所交货物品质与合同规定不符 B.卖方所交货物数量与合同规定不符 C.卖方不按期交货 D.买方未及时开证
7.涉及国际货物买卖的索赔,通常包括(ABCD)。A.买卖双方之间的贸易索赔 B.卖方向承运人提出的运输索赔 C.买方向承运人提出的运输索赔 D.卖方向保险人提出的保险索赔 8.索赔期限的规定方法有(ABCD)。A.约定索赔期限 B.货到目的港后XX天索赔 C.货到目的港卸至码头后XX天索赔 D.货到最终目的地后xx天索赔
9.进出口合同中索赔条款有两种规定方式(CD)A.异议条款 B.索赔条款 C.罚金条款 D.异议和索赔条款 10.异议和索赔条款包括(ABD)。A.索赔依据 B.索赔期限 C.索赔处理办法 D.索赔金额
11.合同中的违约金条款应订明(ABD)。A.违约金的金额 B违约金的计算方法 C.违约金的功能 D.违约金的起算日期 12.大陆法系国家认为,违约金的功能是(AC)。A.制裁违约 B保证合同履行 C.赔偿损失 D.预防违约
二、判断题
1.索赔和理赔是两种不同的事情。(N)2.遭受损害的一方向违约方要求赔偿,这是理赔。(N)3.逾期提赔是无效的。(Y)4.某公司的进口设备到货后,发现与合同规定不符,但卖方及时对设备进行了修理,使设备达到了原定标准。在此情况下,买方就不能提出任何损害赔偿要求。(N)5.一方违反合同,没有违约一方所能得到的损害赔偿金额
最多不超过违约方在订立合同时所能预见的损失金额。(T)6.在进出口业务中,进口商收货后发现货物与合同规定不符,在任何时候都可向供货方索赔。(N)
第十一模块 不可抗力
一、不定项选择题
1.不可抗力免除了遭受意外事故的一方当事人(A)。A.履行合同的责任 B.对损害赔偿的责任 C.交付货物的责任 D.支付货款的责任
2.我与外商按CIF条件成交某商品1 000打,允许卖方有5%溢短装幅度,我实际装1 000打(提单也载明1000~1),货抵目的港后,买方即来函反映仅收到948打,并已取得船公司短少证明,向我索赔。我方正确答复应是:(C)。A.同意补装52打 B.同意退2打货款 C.请与海运公司和中国人民保险公司或其代理联系 D.与海运公司联系
3.不可抗力事件是指当事人(B)。
A.不能预见、不能避免的事件
B.不能预见、不能避免、不能克服的事件
C.不能预见、不能避免、不能克服、可以预防的事件 D.可以预见、不能避免的事件
4.当卖方因不可抗力事故造成履行出口交货困难时,按照法律和惯例(D)。A.只能免除交货责任 B.只能展延交货日期 C.减少交货的数量
D.有时可以免除交货责任,有时可以展延交货日期,视具体情况而定
5.判定为不可抗力事故的原则是(ABD)。
A.意外事故的发生是偶然性的,是当事人无法预见或控制克服的 B.意外事故必须发生在合同签订之后
C.由于合同双方当事人自身的过失或疏忽而导致的 D.不是因为合同双方当事人自身的过失或疏忽导致的 6.下列属于不可抗力事故的是(ABCD)。A.水灾 B.地震 C.政府禁令 D.通货膨胀
7.不可抗力引起的后果主要是(BCD)。A.支付违约金 B.解除合同 C.延期履行合同 D.订立新合同 8.合同中不可抗力条款应包括(ABCD)。A.不可抗力事故范围 B.不可抗力事故的处理
C.不可抗力事故发生后通知对方的期限、方式 D.证明文件及出证机构
9.合同中规定不可抗力范围的方式有(BCD)A.分类式 D.概括式 C.综合式 D.列举式
10.某公司对外订立出口合同后,发生火灾,全部供出口的商品被毁。如果该合同中订有不可抗力条款,该公司可援引该条款(BD)。
A.要求进口方按期付款 B.要求免除对买方的赔偿责任 C.要求撤销合同 D.要求延期履行合同
二、判断题
1.不可抗力事故是当事人不能预见、不能避免、不能控制或克服的。Y 2.不可抗力事故一定不是因合同当事人自身的过失或疏忽导致的。Y 3.一旦在合同订立后出现不可抗力事故,遭受损害的一方当事人即可解除合同。N 4.在不可抗力范围问题上,易产生分歧的是自然力量事故。Y 5.供货方如果生产机器发生故障,可援引不可抗力条款要求延期交货。N 6.在不可抗力条款中必须订明一方发生不可抗力事故后通知对方的期限和方式。Y 7.如果采用概括式说明不可抗力事故范围,易因双方当事人意见不一致而影响合同效力。Y 8.从欧洲某商进口在当地通常可以买到的某化工产品,在约定交货前,该商所属生产上述产品的工厂之一因爆炸被毁,该商要求援引不可抗力免责条款解除交货责任。对此,我方应予同意。N 9.援引不可抗力条款的法律后果是撤销合同或推迟合同的履行。Y
10、不可抗力属于免责条款。Y 11
第十二模块
仲裁
一、不定项选择题
1、仲裁协议是仲裁机构受理争议案件的必要依据。仲裁协议(C)达成。A、必须在争议发生之前 B、只能在争议发生之后 C、既可以在争议发生之前,也可以在争议发生之后 D、必须在争议发生的过程中
2、国际贸易中,解决交易双方所发生的争议方式很多,包括(ABCD)。A、协商 B、调解 C、仲裁 D、诉讼
3、关于仲裁地点有以下各种不同的规定,其中对我方最有利的一种是(C)。A、在双方同意的第三国仲裁 B、在被诉人所在国仲裁 C、在我国仲裁 D、在对方国仲裁
4、仲裁裁决的形式有(AC)。
A、最终裁决 B、中间裁决 C、部分裁决 D、全部裁决
5、诉讼与仲裁的相同点是(CD)。
A、两者审理案件的机构性质相同 B、两者审理制度相同 C、两者均是按照一定程序进行审理 D、两者审理的依据相同
6、以仲裁方式解决交易双方争议的必要条件是(A)。A、交易双方当事人订有仲裁协议 B、交易双方当事人订有合同 C、交易双方当事人订有意向书 D、交易双方当事人订有交易协议
7、中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会是我国的(A)。A 官方性常设仲裁机构 B 民间性常设仲裁机构 C 官方性临时仲裁机构 D 民间性临时仲裁机构
8、国际商会国际仲裁院设在(C)。A、德国 B、英国 C、法国 D、意大利
9、多数国家都认定仲裁裁决是(A)。
A、终局性的 B、可更改的 C、无约束力 D、不确定的
10、在国际贸易中,仲裁机构有两种,它们是(CD)。A、国际性仲裁机构 B、地方性仲裁机构 C、临时性仲裁机构 D、常设性仲裁机构
二、判断题
1、受理争议的仲裁机构是国家政权机关,对争议案件的受理具有强制管辖权。N
2、仲裁裁决一般是终局性的,对双方当事人均有约束力。Y
3、买卖双方为解决争议而提请仲裁时,必须向仲裁机构递交仲裁协议,否则,仲裁机构不予受理。Y
4、仲裁协议必须由合同当事人在争议发生之前达成,否则不能提请仲裁。N
5、国际商会国际仲裁院是国际商会下属的国际性常设的仲裁机构。Y
6、根据中国国际贸易仲裁委员会的仲裁规则,有关首席仲裁员的产生由仲裁委员会主席指定。N
7、仲裁协议约束双方当事人只能以仲裁方式解决争议,不得向法院起诉。Y
8、仲裁协议的核心作用是排除法院对该争议案件的管辖权 Y
9、仲裁协议有两重形式,即仲裁条款和提交仲裁的协议。两种形式不同,其法律作用与效力也是不相同的。N
10、仲裁比诉讼的程序简单,处理问题比较迅速及时,而且费用也较为低廉。Y
第五篇:国际贸易实务考试试题
1国际货物买卖合同的签订履行、违约及法律救济
一、单项选择题
1、清洁提单的进口货物在复验时发生数量减少现象,进口方应当向(C)提出索赔
A卖方 B保险公司 C承运人 D信用证开证行
2、《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》将违约划分为(B)A、轻微违约和重大违约B、根本性违约和非根本性违约 C、违反要件和违反担保D、延迟债务和不履行债务
3、根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》,合同成立的必要程序是(A)。A、询盘、发盘、还盘和接受
B、询盘、发盘、还盘、接受和签约
C、发盘接受和签约
D、发盘和接受
4、将违约的形式划分为违反要件和违反担保是(B)A.大陆法
B.英国法
C.美国法
D.《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》
5、“××公司:你方10日传真收悉。你方条件我方接受,但请降价10%,可否即复。(签章)”这份传真是(C)A.询盘
B.发盘
C.还盘
D.接受
6、《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》对接受的生效时间采取()。A.投邮生效原则 B.到达生效原则
C.理解生效原则 D.经发盘人进一步确认后方产生效力的原则
7、为邀请对方向自己定货而发出的商品目录单、报价单以及一般的商业广告,是(A)。
A.发盘 B.还盘 C.发盘邀请 D.新的发盘
8根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的规定,发盘内容必须是”完整的”,下列构成发盘完整性的是(D)。A.写明货物名称、明示或默示地规定数量和价格和如何确定价格的方法 B.写明货物名称、数量和价格的具体数额
C.写明货物名称、具体数量、具体价格、具体交货期
D.写明货物名称、具体数量、具体价格、具体交货期、货款支付时间和方式
9、我某进出口公司于1998年1月15日用电报向外国一公司发盘,要求在20日复到我公司有效。1月18日上午9:00,我公司同时收到外国公司表示接受和撤回接受的电传。根据联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的规定,此接受(C)。A.可以撤回
B.不可以撤回,必须与我公司签订合同 C.经我公司同意方可撤回
D.视为撤销
10、在国际货物买卖交易磋商中,附条件的接受(A)。
A.视对发盘所做修改的性质及发盘人的态度而决定其是否构成有效接受
B.构成接受
C.构成还盘
D.构成发盘邀请
11、我某出口公司于3月5日对外商发盘,限10日复到有效。外商于8日发出接受通知,我出口公司于11日才收到接受通知,事后我出口公司也未表态。那么,(A)。
A.除非发盘人及时提出异议,该逾期接受仍构成接受
B.该逾期接受无效,合同未成立
C.只有发盘人毫不迟延地表示确认,该逾期接受才构成有效接受 D.经电信部门出具有关证明后方可认定是否有效
二、多项选择题
1、.在合同磋商过程中,如果合同成立,则必不可少的环节有(BD)A.询盘
B.发盘
C.还盘
D.接受
2、构成一项有效的发盘,必须具备的条件有(ACD)。A.应向一个或一个以上特定的人提出B.发盘必须是在对方询盘后作出的 C.必须表明发盘人对其发盘一旦被受盘人接受即受约束的意思 D.发盘的内容必须十分确定
3、发盘失效的情形包括(ABCD)。
A.发盘超过有效期
B.发盘被撤回 C.发盘被撤销
D.受发盘人对发盘表示拒绝
4.联合国国际货物销售合同公约》规定,买卖合同无须以书面订立或书面证明,即买卖合同可以以下列哪些方式订立。(ABCD)A.电话 B.面谈 C.传真 D.平信信函
5、我A公司向巴西B公司发出传真:“急购巴西一级白砂糖2000吨,每吨250美元CIF广州,2002年2月20日至25日装船。”巴西B公司回电称:“完全接受你方条件,2002年5月1日装船。”依照国际贸易法律与惯例,巴西B公司的回电属于(AB)。
A.对要约的拒绝 B.一项新的发盘 C.发盘的撤销
D.接受
6、构成一项有效的接受,必须具备的条件有(AC)。A.接受由受盘人作出 B.接受由第三者作出
C.接受同意发盘所提出的交易条件 D.接受的传递方式符合发盘的要求
7、一项合同成立的有效条件包括(ABCD)。
A.当事人必须具有签订合同的行为能力 B.合同的内容必须合法
C.合同当事人的意思表示必须真实
D.合同当事人的意思表示必须一致
8、下列的变更构成对要约的实质性变更的是(ABC)A品质 B数量 C履行地点 D违约责任
三、判断题
1、国际货物买卖合同必须采用书面形式。(ⅹ)
2、《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》规定,在非根本性违约的情况下,受损方可以请求损害赔偿,但是不得解除合同(√)
3、根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》,规定了有效期的发盘一旦到达受盘人,在有效期限内发盘人不得撤销该发盘。(√)
4、为邀请对方向自己订货而发出的报价单、商品目录以及一般商业广告也是发盘。(×)
5、根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的规定,一项发盘必须明确规定货物的品质、数量、包装、价格、交货和货款的支付等六项主要交易条件,缺一不可。(×)
6、根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的规定,受发盘人如对发盘表示接受,但又作出非实质性的添加和变更,均构成对发盘的拒绝,并构成新的发盘。(×)
7、卖方发出发盘限买方在6月10日复到。8日下午,卖方收到买方复电,要求减价并修改交货期。卖方正在研究如何答复时,次日上午又收到买方来电,接受发盘。卖方对此未做任何表示。此时,合同按卖方发盘条件达成。(×)
8、中国某进出口公司于2月16日向欧洲某公司发盘,出售一批水果,该发盘载明在5月装船,19日复到有效。18日,对方来电称,16日电接受,6月装船。中方未作答复。则双方合同成立。(×)
四、简答题
1、简述合同的生效要件 ①、合同当事人要具有签约能力 ②、合同必须具有对价或约因 ③、合同的内容必须合法 ④、合同必须符合法律规定的形式 ⑤、合同当事人的意思表示必须真实
2、简述发盘的含义及其构成要件 发盘又叫发价或报价,法律上叫要约。①、向一个或一个以上的特定人提出 ②、发盘的内容必须十分确定
③、表明经受盘人接受发盘人即受约束的意思
3、简述发盘的撤回与撤销及其条件
撤回是指发盘尚未生效,发盘人采取行动阻止它生效.撤回的条件:撤回通知在发盘到达受盘人之前或同时到达受盘人。撤销是指在发盘生效后,发盘人以一定的方式解除发盘,对其的效力。撤销条件:必须在受盘人发出通知之前送达受盘人。
4、简述接受的概念及其构成要件
接受是指交易的一方在接到对方的发盘或还盘后,以声明或行动向对方表示同意的行为。
①、接受必须由受盘人做出。②、接受必须表示出来
③、接受必须是同意发盘提出的交易条件(即接受必须与发盘相符)④、接受必须在发盘规定的时效内做出 ⑤、接受通知的传递方式应符合发盘的要求
五、案例分析题
1、我某进出口公司于1997年8月5日向外商甲发盘并限其8日复到我方。外商于6日上午10时向当地邮局交发关于接受我方发盘的电报。但由于当地邮局工人罢工,该电报在传递途中延误到12日才送达我方。我进出口公司认为对方答复逾期,未予置理。并将货物以较高价格售予外商B。8月14日,外商A来电称:信用证已经开出,要求我方尽早出运货物。我方立即复电A,声明接受到达过晚,双方并不存在合同关系。随双方限于争执。请根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的有关规定,分析双方孰是孰非?并说明理由。答:接受
如果接受通知超过发盘规定的有效期限,或发盘未具体规定有效期限而超过合理时间才传达到发盘人,这就成为一项逾期接受。
公约对逾期接受处理的规定:
①、如果发盘人于收到逾期接受后,毫不迟延地通知受
盘人,确认其为有效,则该逾期接受仍有接受的效力;
②、一项逾期接受,从它使用的信件或其他书面文件表
明,在传递正常的情况下,本能及时送达发盘人,由
于出现传递不正常的情况而造成了延误,这种逾期接
受仍可被认为是有效的,除非发盘人毫不延迟地用口
头或书面形式通知受盘人,他认为他的发盘已经失效
2、我A公司将从别国进口的某商品向法国B商发盘,B商在发盘有效期内复电:“接受,请提供产地证”,A公司未予置理。一个月后,A公司收到B商开来的信用证,信用证要求提供产地证,因该商品非我国产品,我国商检机构不能签发产地证,经电请B商取消信用证中要求提供产地证的条款遭到拒绝,于是引起争议。A公司提出从未对提供产地证的要求表示同意,因而无此义务,而B商坚持A公司必须提供产地证。请分析A公司提出修改信用证的要求是否合理,并说明理由。
答:从案例中可知B的还盘改变了A发盘的内容,构成了新的发盘,A没作出回复,因此A提出修改信用证的要求是合理的。
3、公司向国外乙公司发盘,对方在有效期内复电表示接受,同时要求提供该国某商检机构签发的商检证书。第二天,我公司收到该公司开来的信用证。因该商品的市场价格上涨15%,且我无法提供该商检机构的检验证书,我立即回电表示拒绝,并将信用证退回。试根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》规定分析我方的做法是否合理?
答:作法不合理,在接到发盘时我方并没有提出异议,说明我方接受所有条件,可以提供商检证书。
4、试分析A、B之间的来往电报及信函,回答下列问题:(1)、A于2月11日向B发出电报“拟订索尼21英寸购彩电10台,请报价。”(2)、B收到电报后于2月13日电报答复如下:“索尼21英寸购彩电10台,每台1250元”,该电报于2月15日送达。(3)、B于2月14日发出电子邮件如下:“2月13日电取消”,该邮件即时送达给A。(4)、B2月20日向A发出信函:“向你方提供索尼21英寸购彩电10台,每台1280元,限3月10日复有效。”该信函于2月25日送达。(5)、B2月28日发出电子邮件如下:“2月25日电取消”,该邮件即时送达给A。(6)、A于3月2日发出电子邮件“你2月20日信函我接受”。B收到后未作答复。
问:①、上述6封信函或电报、电邮属什么性质? ②、双方之间有无合同关系?
答:①、2月11日向B发出的电报是询盘,B2月13日的电报是发盘,B2月14日发出的电子邮件是发盘的撤回,B2月20日的电子邮件是发盘,B2月28日的电子邮件是发盘的撤回,A3月2日的电子邮件是有效还盘。②、双方之间有合同关系,双方的发盘还盘构成了合的成立要件。
5、A2月17日向B发盘,有效期至3月10日,并于同月25日发出取消发盘的通知,B于2月27日收到发盘,于3月5日收到取消通知,并于3月9日作出了表示完全同意A发盘的意思表示。问上述情况下双方有无合同关系?为什么? 答:发盘的撤回条件是知在发盘到达受盘人之前或同时到达受盘人。案例中取消通知迟于B收到发盘,且在有效其内作出完全同意A发盘的意思,所以双方有合同关系。
2国际货物贸易检验、索赔、不可抗力和仲裁
一、单项选择题
1、以下国际贸易货物检验方法中比较公平合理的是(D)A在出口国产地检验
B在装运地检验
C在目的地检验
D在装运地检验,在目的地复验
2、以下能体现公平合理的确定商检机构的办法是(D)
A以出口国商检机构的检验结果为准
B以进口国商检机构的检验结果为准 C出口国商检机构初步检验,进口国商检机构复验
D出口时的初步检验和进口后的复验,均由交易双方约定的商检机构来进行
3、在国际贸易的纠纷解决过程中,如果买卖双方在合同中订有仲裁协议,则他们(A)A.只能通过仲裁机构解决纠纷(P279)
B.只能通过法院解决纠纷 C.既可以到法院,也可以到仲裁机构去解决纠纷
D.应该先到仲裁机构去,如果一方不服裁决,可再到法院上诉
二、多项选择题
1、不可抗力的含义(P274)包括(ABCD)
A、是合同订立之后发生
B、是当时人在订立合同时不可预见的 C、当事人不能控制,而且是无法避免、无法预防的 D、不是任何一方当事人的疏忽或者过失造成的
2、下列属仲裁自愿性(P278)的表现的是(ABCD)A有权选择是否仲裁
B有权选择仲裁机构
C有权选择仲裁员
D有权选择仲裁所适用的法律
3、关于仲裁说法正确的是(BD)。A.仲裁裁决一旦做出,即具约束力,有关当事人应予执行,若一方拒绝执行裁决,仲裁机构可以强制其执行
B.在国际经贸仲裁程序中,申诉人和被诉人均可指定一名仲裁员
C.双方当事人必须在争议发生之前达成书面的仲裁协议,否则不能提请仲裁 D.买卖双方已达成仲裁协议,一旦发生争议,任何一方都无权向法庭提起诉讼
三、判断题
1、为了确保进出口商品质量符合要求,应当对所有进出口商品实行商检(×)
2、在进出口合同中关于对不可抗力范围的描述以综合式表示较为恰当(√)
3、仲裁是具有终局性(√)
4、所有商品都必须经过商检方能进出口。(×)
5、“由于台风、海啸、火灾或其它不可抗力的原因,致使卖方不能交货或延迟交货,卖方不负责任”,该不可抗力条款的订法属于概括式。(×)
四、简答题
1、简述不可抗力事件的范围及其法律后果
P274 范围:自然力量的事故
政府的行动
社会异常事故
P275 法律后果:1 解除合同 2 延迟履行合同,应由双方按买卖合同的规定结合具体形势商定
2、仲裁协议的形式和主要作用是什么?
仲裁协议的形式:一种由双方当事人在争议发生之前订立的,表示同意把将来可能发生的争议提交仲裁解决的协议,另一种由双方当事人在争议发生之后订立的,表示同意把已经发生的争议交付仲裁的协议,这种协议称为提交仲裁的协议 仲裁协议的作用:1 约束双方当事人只能以仲裁方式解决争议,不得向法院起诉 2 排除法院对有关案件的管辖权
使仲裁机构和仲裁员取得对有关议案的管辖权
3、简述仲裁的特点。
仲裁的特点:仲裁的方式既不同于协商和调解,又不同于起诉 仲裁方式既有自愿的一面,又有强制性的一面,自愿只要表现在仲裁的提起,要由双方达成的协议;强制性则表现在仲裁裁决是终局性的,双方必须遵照执照;对于双方当事人来说,仲裁比诉讼具有较大的灵活性
五、案例分析题
1、我进口商向巴西木材出口商订购一批木材,合同规定“如受到政府干预,合同应当延长,以至取消”。签约后适逢巴西热带雨林破坏加速,巴西政府对木材出口进行限制,致使巴西出口商在合同规定期内难以履行合同,并以不可抗力为由要求我方延迟合同执行或者解除合同,我方不同意对方要求,并提出索赔。请分析我方的索赔要求是否合理。
答:不合理,真理由如下:1 买卖合同明确规定“发生政府干预行为,合同应予以延长,以致撤销 ”,巴西出口商提出的要求有理有据,我方不应拒绝其合法要求,2 按国际惯例,政府限制出口属不可抗力,发生不可抗力时间的一方当事人即巴西出口商本可以免除履行的责任,而我方却对国际上公认的法规和惯例熟视无睹,向其提出索赔,这是毫无道理的2、中国某公司与美国企业订立了一项农产品出口合同,在合同中明确规定仲裁条款,约定在履约过程中如发生争议,在中国仲裁。后来,双方因为商品品质发生争议,美国企业在其所在地法院起诉我公司,法院发来传票,传我公司出庭应诉。对此,你认为我公司该如何应对美方起诉?并简述理由。
答:仲裁是指买卖双方按照在争议之前或之后签订的协议,自愿把他们之间的争议交给仲裁机构进行仲裁,并约定裁决是终局的,具有法律的强制性,对双方均有约束力,若对方不执行裁决,另一方有权向法院起诉,要求予以强制执行。仲裁协议三方面作用是相互联系的,其中,排除法院对有关争议案件的管辖权是很关键的,就是说,只要双方订立了仲裁条款或其他形式的仲裁协议,就不能把有关争议案件提交法院审理,如果任何一方违反协议,自行向法院起诉,对方可根据仲裁协议要求法院停止司法诉讼程序,把有关争议案件发还仲裁庭审理,在本案中,由于买卖双方在合同中已经明确规定了仲裁条款,因此,外商在其所在地法院起诉我公司是不成立的。
3国际货物买卖合同的品名、品质、数量、包装
一、单项选择题
1、在国际贸易中,对于棉花、羊毛等吸湿性较强的商品在计算重量时通常采用(C)。
A净重
B以毛作净重
C公量 D法定重量
2、所谓中性包装是(D)。
A商品包装上无任何文字或者标识
B包装上没有产地与出口厂商名称,但有原商标
C包装上只有产地与出口厂商名称,无原商标
D包装上既无出口产地和出口厂商名称,也没有原商标
3、按《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》规定,如果卖方交货数量大于约定的数量,买方(D)。A可以拒收约定的和多交的全部货物
B只能拒收多交部分中的一部分货物
C只能拒收多交的全部货物
D可以拒收多交中的部分或者全部,也可以接受多交中的部分或者全部货物
4、某外商欲购我“乘风”牌电扇,但要求改用“幸福”商标,并不得注明产地和厂商名称。外商这一要求属于(B)A.无牌中性包装
B.定牌中性包装
C.运输包装
D.销售包装
5、我国的度量衡制度采用的是(D)。
A.公制
B.英制
C.美制
D.国际单位制
6、某美国客商到我国一家玩具厂参观,之后对该厂的部分产品很感兴趣,于是立即签定购买合同,批量购买他所见到的那部分产品,决定按实物样品作为合同中交收货物的品质要求。这种表示品质的方法是(A)。A.看货购买 B.凭卖方样品 C.凭买方样品 D.凭对等样品
7、在国际贸易中,合同的数量条款通常涉及到如下几个方面的内容:(C)。A.按重量计算和按个数计算
B.毛重;净重;公量;理论重量;法定重量 C.规定机动幅度的方法;具体规定增减幅度
D.数量的确定;重量的计算方法;数量的机动幅度及其增减价内容
8、按合同中的数量,卖方在交货时可溢交或短交百分之几,这种规定叫(B)。A.数量增减价条款 B.数量机动幅度条款 C.溢短装条款
D.品质公差条款
9、某公司出口某商品大约1000公吨,根据《跟单信用证统一惯例(500)》规定,该公司发货时,如果支取金额不会超过信用证总金额,最多可以装运(C)。A.1000公吨 B.1050公吨C.1100公吨 D.1115公吨
10、某外商欲购我“华生”牌电扇,但要求改用“钻石”商标,并注明“MADE IN CHINA”,这属于(C)。
A.中性包装 B.定牌中性包装C.定牌生产 D.无牌生产
二、多项选择题
1、合同中的包装条款主要包括:(A C D)。
A.包装材料
B.包装种类
C.包装费用
D.包装标志
2、为了便于运输和装卸,节约人力物力,国际标准化组织规定简化了运输标志,将其内容减少到以下几项:(A BCD)。
A.收货人代号 B.参考代号 C.目的地名称 D.件数号码
3、标准运输标志应包括以下哪些内容(ACD)A收货人 B发货人 C参考号 D批件号
4、下列哪些情况下,应使用指示性标志(ACD)A易碎 B易燃 C易损
D易变质
三、判断题
1、为了更好的说明商品品质,在约定成交商品的品质时,可以同时采用即凭规格、又凭样品买卖(对)
统一编码委员会(UCC)使用EAN码作为物品标识符号,其分配给我国的国别号为690。(对)
2、各国度量衡制度相同,使用的计量单位也相同。(错)
3、中性包装就是既不是通常说的大包装,也不是通常讲的小包装或内包装,它是不大不小的包装。(错)
4、《跟单信用证统一惯例》(国际商会第500号出版物)认为:信用证上如规定数量有“约”字,应解释为允许有不超过10%的增减幅度。(对)
5、条形码是由一组规则排列的条、空及其相应字符组成的标记,它表示特定信息,是专供机器识读的一种特殊符号。(错)
6、品质公差一般为国际同行所公认的产品品质误差,即使在合同中不做规定,卖方交货品质在公认的范围内,也可以认为符合合同要求,买方不得再提出任何异议。(错)
7、我国某公司与外商按CIF条件成交某 商品 1000打,允许卖方有5%溢短装幅度。我公司在实际装船时装运1000打,提单也载明1000打。货到目的港后,买方来函仅收到948打,并已取得船公司短交证明,同时向我方索赔。我方不应理赔。(对)
8、如果卖方交货数量超过买卖合同规定数量,买方有权拒收全部货物。(错)
四、简答题
1、标准运输标志构成及其特点(“标准运输标志”由四部分组成:收货人代号、目的地、批件号、参考号。
该标志只能用文字或数字组成,禁止使用图形,且每一行文字不能超过17个字母。)
2、简述商品品质的表示方法(以实物表示商品品质:看货买卖,凭样品买卖;以说明表示商品品质凭商品规格买卖,凭商品等级买卖,凭商品的标准买卖,凭说明书和图样买卖,凭商标或牌号买卖,凭产地名称买卖)
3、简述数量机动幅度的订法(合同明确具体地规定数量的机动幅度;在交易数量前加上“约”字;合同中未明确规定数量机动幅度)
4、简述溢装和短装的法律后果的区别(溢装是一般性违约,不能解除合同;短装是根本性违约,可以解除合同)
五、案例分析题
1、我某公司向德国出口一批农产品,合同规定其所含水分最高为15%,杂质不超过3%,但在成交前我方曾向买方寄过样品,订约后我方又电告对方成交货物与样品相似,货到德国后,买方验货后提出货物的质量比样品差的检验证明,并据此提出索赔6000英镑,最后我方如数赔偿。请评析此案例。(此案例中我方提供的样品缺乏代表性,我方所交货物与我方提供样品不一致。)
2、内蒙古某出口公司向韩国出口10公吨羊毛,标准回潮率为11%,经抽样证明10公斤纯羊毛用科学方法抽干水后净重8公斤干羊毛,求用公量计算的交货重量为多少?
解:实际回潮率:(10-8)/8=25% 根据公量计算公式:公量=实际重量*(1+标准回潮率)/(1+实际回潮率)=10*(1+11%)/(1+25%)=8.88公吨。
3、黑龙江某贸易出口公司与俄罗斯某公司成交一笔黄豆出口交易。合同的数量条款规定:每袋黄豆净重100公斤,共1000袋,合计100吨,但货物运抵俄罗斯后,经俄罗斯海关检查,每袋黄豆净重只有96公斤,1000袋共96吨,当时正遇市场黄豆价格下跌,俄罗斯公司以单货不符为由,提出降价5%的要求,否则拒收。请问:俄方的要求是否合理?另问:若该例黄豆不是用袋装而是散装,则结果又如何?(答:俄方要求是合理的,因为黄豆的交易是按整件计价的,合同中未作规定货物数量的机动幅度,所以俄方要求是合理的。如果是散装货,则此要求是不合理的,合同中未作规定的散装货的机动幅度在正负5%,而题中少的数量在机动幅度范围内,所以我方并没有违约。
4、有一份数量条款规定“1000M/T5% MORE OR LESS AT SELLER’S OPTION。”卖方正待交货时,该货物国际市场价格大幅度上涨。问:
(1)、如果你是卖方拟实际交付多少数量?为什么?(1000M/T5%LESS,因为国际市场价格大幅度上涨,为了维护自身利益,只能交有利卖方的数量)(2)、如果你是买方,磋商合同条款时应注意什么问题?(特别是涉及重要条款的时候,特别是数量价格等方面,尽量不用大约,大概等模糊的字眼,免得发生争议)一、一批出口货物CFR价为99450美圆,现客户要求改CIF价加一成投保海运一切险,我同意照办。如果一切险保险费率为0.5%,请计算:(要求写出计算公式及计算过程)。
1)我方应报的CIF价。4分
2)我方应该向客户收多少保险费?
答:CIF=CFR/[1-保险费率×(1+投保加成)]
=99450/[1-×0.5% ×1.1]
=100,000USD
I = CIF-CFR = 100000-99450 =550USD 或 I = CIF ×保险费率×(1+投保加成)
= 100,000USD × 0.5% × 1.1
= 550USD
二、上海某公司出口1000箱货物至科威特,每箱US$50.00美元CFRC3%科威特。客户要求改报FOBC5%上海价。该货物每箱尺码为42×28×25厘米,总毛重为20,000千克。海运运费按W/M(11级)。查出口地至科威特11级货基本运费为70美元,港口附加费为运费的20%。试求FOBC5%上海价是多少?(要求写出计算公式及计算过程)。
答:CFR净价= 含佣价×(1-佣金率)
=50 ×(1-3%)=48.5USD 尺码吨:42×28×25 ×1000=29.4﹥20吨∵ W/M ∴运费= 29.4 × 70 ×(1+20%)=2469.6USD FOB=CFR-F=48.5-2.4696=46.0304USD 含佣价=净价/(1-佣金率)
FOBC5%= 46.0304 /(1-5%)=48.45USD
三、上海某外贸公司业务员收到国外客户来电,客户询问A商品的价格及有关情况。小王立即与国内供货工厂进行了联系,确定A商品的国内采购价格为68元每只。A商品国内增值税率为17%,出口退税率为13%,银行的美元买入价为8.27人民币元/美元。
问:假设该笔业务国内费用为国内收购额的6%,当FOB上海价为多少时,盈亏率为10%?(要求写出计算公式及计算过程)。
答:商品总成本 =出口商品购进价+定额费用 –
出口退税收入
=68+68 × 6% - 68× 13%/ 1.17=64.52RMB ∵出口盈亏额 = FOB净价×银行外汇买入价-出口商品总成本
又:出口盈亏率=出口盈亏额/出口商品总成本 ∴FOB净价=(64.52 × 10%+ 64.52)/ 8.27=8.58USD
四、我某公司出口某商品10万吨,国内收购价为110元人民币/吨,另加其它费用5%,外销价为每公吨14.6美元FOB上海,含佣金2%。该产品增值税率17%,退税率13%。银行的美元买入价为8.27人民币元/美元。试计算该商品的出口换汇成本和盈亏率(要求写出计算公式及计算过程)。
答:单位商品总成本
=出口商品购进价+定额费用 – 出口退税收入
= 110+110* 5%-110*13%/1.17
=103.28 单位商品FOB净价= 14.6*(1-2%)=14.308 出口换汇成本
=单位商品总成本/单位商品FOB净价
= 103.28 / 14.308=7.22 盈亏额 = FOB净价×银行外汇买入价-出口商品总成本
又:出口盈亏率=出口盈亏额/出口商品总成本
=(14.308*8.27-103.28)/ 103.28
=14.57%
五、某出口公司按每公吨1,200美元FOB上海对外报价,国外客户要求改报CIFf日金山。假设每公吨运费为130美元,加1成投保,保险费为1%,问该出口公司应报价多少?(要求写出计算公式及计算过程
答:CIF=(FOB+国外运费)/(1-保险加成*保险费率)=1344.80美元