第一篇：翻译练习及答案参考
汉翻英：重点翻译红色字体部分，其它部分也可翻译。
之一:题目：不要抛弃学问（胡适1929年中国公学18级毕业赠言）
诸位毕业同学：
你们现在要离开母校了，我没有什么礼物送给你们，只好送你们一句话罢。
这一句话是：“不要抛弃学问。”以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张毕业文凭不得已而做的。从今以后，你们可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了。趁现在年富力强的时候，努力做一种专门学问。少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰时，要做学问也来不及了。即为吃饭计，学问绝不会辜负人的。吃饭而不求学问，三年五年之后，你们都要被后进少年淘汰掉的。到那时再想做点学问来补救，恐怕已太晚了。
有人说：“出去做事之后，生活问题亟须解决，哪有工夫去读书?即使要做学问，既没有图书馆，又没有实验室，哪能做学问?”
我要对你们说：凡是要等到有了图书馆方才读书的，有了图书馆也不肯读书。凡是要等到有了实验室方才做研究 的，有了实验室也不肯做研究。你有了决心要研究一个问题，自然会撙衣节食去买书，自然会想出法子来设置仪器。至于时间，更不成问题。达尔文一生多病，不能多做工，每天只能做一点钟的工作。你们看他的成绩!每天花一点钟看十页有用的书，每年可看三千六百多页书，三十年读约十一万页书。
诸位，十万页书可以使你成一个学者了。可是，每天看三种小报也得费你一点钟的工夫；四圈麻将也得费你一点半钟的光阴。看小报呢，还是打麻将呢，还是努力做一个学者呢?全靠你们自己的选择!
易卜生说：“你的最大责任是把你这块材料铸造成器。”
学问便是铸器的工具。抛弃了学问便是毁了你自己。
再会了!你们的母校眼睁睁地要看你们十年之后成什么器。
汉翻英之二：桂林位于广西壮族自治区的东北角，被誉为“最美的和最值得外国游客观光的中国城市”。中国广泛流传这样一句话：桂林山水甲天下。岩溶峰林地貌，晶莹剔透的江水，经常浮现与中国艺术作品中，而神奇独特的洞穴更为桂林美景增添不少景致。
英汉翻译 ： Mother's Letter to the World Dear World：
My son starts school today．It’s going to be strange and new to him for a while．And I wish you would sort of treat him gently． You see，up to now，he’s been king of the roost．He’s been boss of the back yard．I have always been around to repair his wounds，and to soothe his feelings．
But now― things are going to be different．
This morning，he’s going to walk down the front steps，wave his hand and start on his great adventure that will probably include wars and tragedy and sorrow．To live his life in the world he has to live in will require faith and love and courage．
So，World，I wish you would sort of take him by his young hand and teach him the things he will have to know．Teach him―but gently，if you can．Teach him that for every scoundrel，there is a hero；that for every crooked politician there is a dedicated leader；that for every enemy there is a friend．Teach him the wonders of books．Give him quiet time to ponder the eternal mystery of birds in the sky，bees in the sun，and flowers on the green hill．Teach him it is far more honorable to fail than to cheat．Teach him to have faith in his own ideas，even if everyone else tells him they are wrong．Teach him to sell his brawn and brains to the highest bidder，but never to
put a price on his heart and soul．Teach him to close his ears to a howling mob．．．and to stand and fight if he thinks he’s right．Teach him gently，World，but don’t coddle him，because only the test of fire makes fine steel．
This is a big order，World，but see what you can do．He’s such a nice little fellow．
英译汉之：新闻材料
（注意：标题的翻译要出彩）
How China Does 'The Bachelor'
More than 50,000 young beauties from across China have lined up to win a date with one of 18 young, millionaire bachelors.The contest is the latest in a trend of beauty contests for the rich that has been criticized heavily in the media, on the net, and even by the government.The new contest was organized online, and its first round was held simultaneously in several major cities.Most contestants have already gone home in defeat, having failed an examination by feng shui masters to see whether they have a 'lucky face', according to an article on the People's Daily's
English website.Only 18 finalists will ultimately datethe eligible young men.Editorials in the online edition of China Daily, mirroring the overwhelmingly negative public reaction, blast the contest as 'money worship' and accuse it of treating women as sex objects.Editorialist Zhang Tianpin complains that the contest is the kind of scandalous behavior that makes many Chinese hate wealthy people.Elites should not to flaunt their money to seek beautiful women as partners but invest their money in activities for the benefit of society,' he argues.Some defend the contest by saying that at least the women are mature and chosen not solely for their looks.Men are looking for the whole package: 'beauty, good temperament, psychological balance, sound character, good educational qualification, high moral values, love, and respect for the institution of marriage,' asserts freelance journalist Huang Yunxiang.Indeed, most of the contestants are between 28 and 30, college-educated and have steady jobs.China has seen a steady expansion of elite dating contests, TV shows and websites in recent years.Golden Bachelor
Matchmakers, a high-end dating site, hires 'Love Hunters' to scour the country for attractive women between 5 feet,5 inches and 5 feet, 8 inches.Then, luxurious parties with steep entrance fees pair up rich men with these carefully selected beauties.It is not like they use money to find true love.They just want to have the best options,' Golden Bachelor Chairman Xu Tianli told China Daily.Vocal critics, however, are uncomfortable with the impact of these beauty contests on Chinese culture.According to an online article in the Global Times, the government has ordered all TV stations to stop showing 22-year-old fashion model Ma Nuo after she made comments that Chinese audiences deemed 'too materialistic.'
On a TV dating show, Ma refused an unemployed man's offer of a bicycle ride, saying: 'I would rather weep in a BMW than smile on your bicycle.'
中国各地五万多名年轻美女报名应征与18位年轻的单身男富豪约会的机会，这是美女争嫁富豪潮流的新一波，媒体、网络甚至中国政府一直在对这种活动进行严厉谴责。
ZUMApress.com舟山国际海洋小姐大赛的参赛选手为拍摄合影摆姿势。这次活动是在线组织的，第一轮竞争在几个大城市同步举行。据《人民日报》(People's Daily)英文网络版报道，大多数应征者未能通过风水师审查她们是否有“旺夫相”这一关，已失败回家。
仅有18名进入决赛的美女将最终获得约会机会，如果幸运的话，还将嫁给合适 的年轻男士。
《中国日报》(China Daily)网络版评论反映出多数公众对这一事件持完全否定态度，抨击这种活动是“拜金”，并指责这种作法是将女性视为性玩物。评论人张天频（音）批评说，这是一种可耻的行径，使得众多中国人仇视富人。
他说，精英人士不应化大钱找美女结婚，而应将钱用于造福社会等活动。
有人为这类活动辩解说，至少这些女性是成熟的，不光凭外表入选。自由撰稿人黄云翔（音）说，男性追求的女性条件是：相貌好、有气质、心态平和、性格好、受过良好教育、有高尚的价值观、有爱心而且要尊重婚姻。的确，大多数应征者年龄为28至30岁之间，受过大学教育，且有稳定的工作。
近年来，中国的精英婚恋活动、电视婚恋节目及婚恋网络呈逐渐增加趋势。一家高端婚恋网站钻石王老五征婚网(Golden Bachelor Matchmakers)雇佣“爱情猎头”在全国搜寻1.65米至1.72米的魅力女性。而后举行入场费昂贵的奢侈派对将这些精心挑拣出来的美女与富豪配对。
钻石王老五征婚网总裁徐天立接受《中国日报》采访时说，富豪们用钱不可能找到真爱。他们只是想有最好的选择。
但直言不讳的评论家们，就美女争嫁富豪类征婚活动对中国文化的冲击非常不安。据《环球时报》一篇在线文章称，政府已下令所有的电视台封杀22岁的时装模特马诺，此前她的言论让中国观众认为“过于功利化”。
之前在一个电视婚恋节目《非诚勿扰》中，马诺拒绝了一位失业男士的求婚，她说，“我宁愿坐在宝马里哭，也不坐在自行车后座上笑”。
不要抛弃学问
Never give up the pursuit of learning.诸位毕业同学：
Dear students of the Graduating Class，你们现在要离开母校了，我没有什么礼物送你们，只好送你们一句话罢。
As you are leaving your alma mater, I have nothing to offer you as a gift except a word of advice.这一句话是：“不要抛弃学问。”以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张毕业文凭，不得已而做的，从今以后，你们可以依自己的心愿自由去研究了。趁现在年富力强的时候，努力做一种专门学问。少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰时，要做学问也来不及了。即为吃饭计，学问决不会辜负人的。吃饭而不求学问，三年五年之后，你们都要被后来少年淘汰掉的。到那时再想做点学问来补救，恐怕已太晚了。My advice is, “Never give up the pursuit of learning.” You have perhaps finished your college courses mostly for obtaining the diploma, or, in other words, out of sheer necessity.However, from now on you are free to follow your own bent in the choice of studies.While you are in the prime of life, why not devote yourselves to a special field of study? Youth will soon be gone never to return.And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years.Knowledge will do you a good turn even as a means of subsistence.If you give up studies while holding a job，you will in a couple of years have had yourselves replaced by young people.It will then be too late to remedy the situation by picking up studies again.有人说：“出去做事之后，生活问题急需解决，哪有工夫去读书？即使要做学问，既没有图书馆，又没有实验室，哪能做学问？” Sone people say, “Once you have a job, you'll come up against the urgent problem of making a living.How can you manage to find time to study? Even if you want to, will it be possible with no library or laboratory available?” 我要对你们说：凡是要等到有了图书馆方才读书，有了图书馆也不肯读书。凡是要等到有了实验室方才做研究的，有了实验室也不肯做研究。你有了决心要研究一个问题，自然会撙衣节食去买书，自然会想出法子来设置仪器。
Now let me tell you this.Those who refuse to study for lack of a liabrary will most probably continue to do so even though there is a library.And those who refuse to do research for lack of a laboratory will most probably continue to do so even though a laboratory is available.As long as you set your mind on studies, you
will naturally cut down on food and clothing to buy books or do everything possible to acquire necessary instruments.至于时间，更不成问题。达尔文一生多病，不能多作工，每天只能做一点钟的工作。你看他的成绩！每天花一点钟看10页有用的书，每年可看3600多页书，30年可读11万页书。Time is no object.Charles Darwin could only work one hour a day due to ill health.Yet what a remarkable man he was!If you spend one hour a day reading 10 pages of a book, you can finish more than 3,600 pages a year, and 110,000 pages in 30 years.诸位，11万页书可以使你成一个学者了。可是，每天看三种小报也得费你一点钟的工夫，四圈麻将也得费你一点半钟的光阴。看小报呢？还是打麻将呢？还是努力做一个学者呢？全靠你们自己的选择！
Dear students, 110000 pages will be quite enough to make a learned man of you.It will take you one hour to read three tabloids a day, and one and half hours to finish four rounds of mah-jong a day.Reading tabloids, playing mah-jongs or striving to be a learned man, the choice lies with you.易卜生说：“你的最大责任是把你这块材料铸造成器。” Henrik Ibsen says, “It's your supreme duty to cast yourself into a useful implement.” 学问便是铸器的工具。抛弃了学问便是毁了你们自己。Learning is the casting mould.Forsake learning, and you will ruin yourself.再会了！你们的母校眼睁睁地要看你们十年之后成什么器。Farewell!Your alma mater is watching eagerly to see what will become of you ten years from now.①“不要抛弃学问”在这里的意思是“不要放弃对学问的追求”，因此不能直译为 Never Give up Learning，必须加字：Never Give up the Pursuit of Learning.②“你们可以依自己的心愿自由去研究了”译为you are free to follow your own bent in the choice of studies，其中 to follow one's own bent 是成语，和 to follow one's inclination 同义，作“做自己感兴趣或爱做的事”解。③“做学问”译为 to go into scholarship, 等于 to engage in learning。
④“学问决不会辜负人的”译为 Knowledge will do you a good turn，其中 to do one a good turn 是成语，作“"做对某人有益的事”解。
⑤“撙衣节食”即“省吃省穿”，现译为 cut down on food and clothing, 其中 to cut down on 是成语，与 to economize on 同义，作“节约”解。又，上语也可译为 to live frugally.⑥“至于时间，更不成问题”译为 Time is no object, 其中 no object 是成语，等于 no problem, 作“不成问题”或“不在话下”解。
⑦“全靠你们自己的选择”译为 the choie lies with you 或 it is up to you to make the choice.⑧“你们的母校眼睁睁地要看......”中的“眼睁睁地”通常的意思是“无可奈何地”，现在这里做“热切地”解，故译为eagerly。
汉翻英：桂林位于广西壮族自治区的东北角，被誉为“最美的和最值得外国游客观光的中国城市”。中国广泛流传这样一句话：桂林山水甲天下。岩溶峰林地貌，晶莹剔透的江水，经常浮现与中国艺术作品中，而神奇独特的洞穴更为桂林美景增添不少景致。
Situated in the northeast corner of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Gulin is hailed by many as the most beautifu place in China and one of the must-see destinations for most foreign tourists.There is a popular Chinese saying,”Guilin’s scenery bests all others in the world”.Its shapely-rising limestone towers and crystal-clear waters are often portrayed in Chinese artworks.Adding to its natural beauty are many fascinating caves.英译汉之一：
How China Does “The Bachelor”
More than 50,000 young beauties from across China have lined up to win a date with one of 18 young, millionaire bachelors.The contest is the latest in a trend of beauty contests for the rich that has been criticized heavily in the media, on the
net, and even by the government.中国各地五万多名年轻美女报名应征与18位年轻的单身男富豪约会的机会，这是美女争嫁富豪潮流的新一波，媒体、网络甚至中国政府一直在对这种活动进行严厉谴责。
The new contest was organized online, and its first round was held simultaneously in several major cities.Most contestants have already gone home in defeat, having failed an examination by feng shui masters to see whether they have a 'lucky face', according to an article on the People's Daily's English website.Only 18 finalists will ultimately datethe eligible young men.ZUMApress.com舟山国际海洋小姐大赛的参赛选手为拍摄合影摆姿势。这次活动是在线组织的，第一轮竞争在几个大城市同步举行。据《人民日报》(People's Daily)英文网络版报道，大多数应征者未能通过风水师审查她们是否有“旺夫相”这一关，已失败回家。
仅有18名进入决赛的美女将最终获得约会机会，如果幸运的话，还将嫁给合适的年轻男士。
Editorials in the online edition of China Daily, mirroring the
overwhelmingly negative public reaction, blast the contest as 'money worship' and accuse it of treating women as sex objects.Editorialist Zhang Tianpin complains that the contest is the kind of scandalous behavior that makes many Chinese hate wealthy people.Elites should 'not to flaunt their money to seek beautiful women as partners but invest their money in activities for the benefit of society,' he argues.《中国日报》(China Daily)网络版评论反映出多数公众对这一事件持完全否定态度，抨击这种活动是“拜金”，并指责这种作法是将女性视为性玩物。评论人张天频（音）批评说，这是一种可耻的行径，使得众多中国人仇视富人。
他说，精英人士不应化大钱找美女结婚，而应将钱用于造福社会等活动
Some defend the contest by saying that at least the women are mature and chosen not solely for their looks.Men are looking for the whole package: 'beauty, good temperament, psychological balance, sound character, good educational qualification, high moral values, love, and respect for the institution of marriage,' asserts freelance journalist Huang Yunxiang.Indeed, most of the contestants are between 28 and 30, college-educated and have steady jobs.有人为这类活动辩解说，至少这些女性是成熟的，不光凭外表入选。自由撰稿人黄云翔（音）说，男性追求的女性条件是：相貌好、有气质、心态平和、性格好、受过良好教育、有高尚的价值观、有爱心而且要尊重婚姻。的确，大多数应征者年龄为28至30岁之间，受过大学教育，且有稳定的工作。
China has seen a steady expansion of elite dating contests, TV shows and websites in recent years.Golden Bachelor Matchmakers, a high-end dating site, hires 'Love Hunters' to scour the country for attractive women between 5 feet, 5 inches and 5 feet, 8 inches.Then, luxurious parties with steep entrance fees pair up rich men with these carefully selected beauties.'It is not like they use money to find true love.They just want to have the best options,' Golden Bachelor Chairman Xu Tianli told China Daily.近年来，中国的精英婚恋活动、电视婚恋节目及婚恋网络呈逐渐增加趋势。一家高端婚恋网站钻石王老五征婚网(Golden Bachelor Matchmakers)雇佣“爱情猎头”在全国搜寻1.65米至1.72米的魅力女性。而后举行入场费昂贵的奢侈派对将这些精心挑拣出来的美女与富豪配对。
钻石王老五征婚网总裁徐天立接受《中国日报》采访时
说，富豪们用钱不可能找到真爱。他们只是想有最好的选择。
Vocal critics, however, are uncomfortable with the impact of these beauty contests on Chinese culture.According to an online article in the Global Times, the government has ordered all TV stations to stop showing 22-year-old fashion model Ma Nuo after she made comments that Chinese audiences deemed 'too materialistic.'
On a TV dating show, Ma refused an unemployed man's offer of a bicycle ride, saying: 'I would rather weep in a BMW than smile [on your] bicycle.'但直言不讳的评论家们，就美女争嫁富豪类征婚活动对中国文化的冲击非常不安。据《环球时报》一篇在线文章称，政府已下令所有的电视台封杀22岁的时装模特马诺，此前她的言论让中国观众认为“过于功利化”。
之前在一个电视婚恋节目《非诚勿扰》中，马诺拒绝了一位失业男士的求婚，她说，“我宁愿坐在宝马里哭，也不坐在自行车后座上笑”。
钻石王老五征婚：美女蜂拥 媒体炮轰
中国各地五万多名年轻美女报名应征与18位年轻的单
身男富豪约会的机会，这是美女争嫁富豪潮流的新一波，媒体、网络甚至中国政府一直在对这种活动进行严厉谴责。
ZUMApress.com舟山国际海洋小姐大赛的参赛选手为拍摄合影摆姿势。这次活动是在线组织的，第一轮竞争在几个大城市同步举行。据《人民日报》(People's Daily)英文网络版报道，大多数应征者未能通过风水师审查她们是否有“旺夫相”这一关，已失败回家。
仅有18名进入决赛的美女将最终获得约会机会，如果幸运的话，还将嫁给合适的年轻男士。
《中国日报》(China Daily)网络版评论反映出多数公众对这一事件持完全否定态度，抨击这种活动是“拜金”，并指责这种作法是将女性视为性玩物。评论人张天频（音）批评说，这是一种可耻的行径，使得众多中国人仇视富人。
他说，精英人士不应化大钱找美女结婚，而应将钱用于造福社会等活动
有人为这类活动辩解说，至少这些女性是成熟的，不光凭外表入选。自由撰稿人黄云翔（音）说，男性追求的女性条件是：相貌好、有气质、心态平和、性格好、受过良好教育、有高尚的价值观、有爱心而且要尊重婚姻。的确，大多数应征者年龄为28至30岁之间，受过大学教育，且有稳定的工作。
近年来，中国的精英婚恋活动、电视婚恋节目及婚恋网
络呈逐渐增加趋势。一家高端婚恋网站钻石王老五征婚网(Golden Bachelor Matchmakers)雇佣“爱情猎头”在全国搜寻1.65米至1.72米的魅力女性。而后举行入场费昂贵的奢侈派对将这些精心挑拣出来的美女与富豪配对。
钻石王老五征婚网总裁徐天立接受《中国日报》采访时说，富豪们用钱不可能找到真爱。他们只是想有最好的选择。
但直言不讳的评论家们，就美女争嫁富豪类征婚活动对中国文化的冲击非常不安。据《环球时报》一篇在线文章称，政府已下令所有的电视台封杀22岁的时装模特马诺，此前她的言论让中国观众认为“过于功利化”。
之前在一个电视婚恋节目《非诚勿扰》中，马诺拒绝了一位失业男士的求婚，她说，“我宁愿坐在宝马里哭，也不坐在自行车后座上笑”。
英汉翻译 ： Mother's Letter to the World Dear World：
My son starts school today．It’s going to be strange and new to him for a while．And I wish you would sort of treat him gently． You see，up to now，he’s been king of the roost．He’s been boss of the back yard．I have always been around to repair his wounds，and to soothe his feelings．
But now― things are going to be different．
This morning，he’s going to walk down the front steps，wave his hand and start on his great adventure that will probably include wars and tragedy and sorrow．To live his life in the world he has to live in will require faith and love and courage．
So，World，I wish you would sort of take him by his young hand and teach him the things he will have to know．Teach him―but gently，if you can．Teach him that for every scoundrel，there is a hero；that for every crooked politician there is a dedicated leader；that for every enemy there is a friend．Teach him the wonders of books．
Give him quiet time to ponder the eternal mystery of birds in the sky，bees in the sun，and flowers on the green hill．
Teach him it is far more honorable to fail than to cheat．Teach him to have faith in his own ideas，even if everyone else tells him they are wrong．Teach him to sell his brawn and brains to the highest bidder，but never to put a price on his heart and soul．Teach him to close his ears to a howling mob．．．and to stand and fight if he thinks he’s right．Teach him gently，World，but don’t coddle him，because only the test of fire makes fine steel．
This is a big order，World，but see what you can do．He’s such a nice little fellow． 亲爱的世界：
我的儿子今天开始上学。在一段时间内，他都会感到既陌生又新鲜。我希望你能对他温柔一点。
你知道，直到现在，他一直是家里的小皇帝；一直是后院的主人。我一直在他身边，为他料理伤口，给他感情上的慰藉。
可是现在———一切都将发生变化。今天早晨，他将走下屋前的台阶，挥挥手，踏上他伟大的冒险征途，途中也许会有战争、悲剧和伤痛。要在他必须生存的世界中生活需要信念、爱心和勇气。
所以，世界，我希望你握住他稚嫩的手，教他必须知道的一些事情。教他———但如果可能的话，温柔点儿。教他知道，世界上有一个恶棍，就有一个英雄；有一个奸诈的政客，就有一个富有奉献精神的领袖；有一个敌人，就有一个朋友。教他感受书本的魅力。给他时间，去安静地思索自然界中永恒的神秘：空中的小鸟，阳光下的蜜蜂，青山上的花朵。教他知道，失败比欺骗要光荣得多。教他要坚信自己的思想，哪怕别人都予以否定。教
他可把自己的体力和脑力以最高价出售，但绝对不要出卖自己的心灵和灵魂。教他对暴徒的嚎叫置若罔闻„„并且在认为自己是对的时候站出来战斗。以温柔的方式教导他，世界，但不要溺爱 他，因为只有烈火才能炼出真钢。
这是个很高的要求，世界，但请你尽力而为。他是一个多么可爱的小伙子。
第二篇：翻译练习+答案
翻译练习
1．我们必须不断学习，这样才能与时俱进。(so that)
2．意大利足球队非常强调团队精神，这是他们赢得世界杯的关键。(1ay emphasis on)
3．她不声不响离家出走，使她的父母心烦意乱。(without)
4．小男孩对展览会上的那辆汽车很着迷。(fascinate)
5．使刘翔迷们感到兴奋的是，刘翔在瑞士洛桑创造了12秒88的男子110米栏的世界纪录。(To„)
1.We should/ must continue to learn more so that we can keep pace/up with the development of times.2.The Italian Football Team laid great emphasis on team spirit, which was the key to winning the World Cup.3.Her leaving home without saying a word upset her parents.4.The little boy was fascinated by the car on the exhibition.5.To his fan’s excitement, Liu Xiang set a new world record of 12.88 seconds in the men’s 110-metre hurdles in Lausanne, Switzerland.我最后一次看见杰克的时候，他一个人在街上走。(The last time)
7．几乎每一个人都承认犯罪不可能被彻底消灭。(the fact，wipe out)
8．如果公众失去了对这家公司的信任，那么他们的销售会下降得很快。(1ost trust)
9．给我印象最深的是磁悬浮列车的速度是多么的快啊。(impress，magnetic suspension train)
10．我爸爸不愿用新手机来替换他那只磨损不堪的老手机。(substitute)
6.The last time I saw Jack, he was walking down the street alone.7.Almost everyone accepts the fact that crime can never be wiped put entirely.8.If the public lose trust in the company, sales will fall sharply.9.What impressed me most is how fast the speed of a magnetic suspension train is.10.My father isn’t willing to substitute the new cell phone for his worn-out one.11．尽管天气很寒冷，学生们还是在6点正准时出操。(Despite)
12．每个人，不管是年轻人还是老年人都应铭记“骄者必败”。(keep)
13．虽然他们是好朋友，但他不愿意帮助修理电脑。(reluctant)
14．那位脸色苍白的妇女站在大楼顶上，这使在场的人都很担心。(at the top of)
15．他必定是这次竞赛中最可能获奖的学生。(likely)
11.Despite the cold weather, the students did morning exercises at 6 o’clock sharp.12.Everyone, young or old, must keep in mind that pride goes before a fall.13.Though they are close friends, he is reluctant to help fix the computer.14.At the top of the building stood a woman whose face was pale, which frightened everyone on the scene.15.He is sure to be the most likely student to win the prize in the competition.16在我陷于困境时，对于你的帮助我表示万分感激。(grateful)
17．这所学校在艺术教育方面建立了很好的声誉。(reputation)
18．她放弃了这次机会仅仅是因为缺少足够的钱。(1ack)
19．这个到2009年末完成的项目将使我们在半个小时内就能到达杭州。(不定式)
20．那男孩是如此的调皮，他奶奶对他束手无策。(so„that)
16.I’m deeply grateful to you for your help, when I was in trouble.17.The school has built up a good reputation in art education.18.She gave up the chance merely because of her lacking enough money.19.The project to be accomplished by the end of 2009 will enable us to reach Hangzhou in 30 minutes.20.The boy was so naughty that his grandmother didn’t know how to deal with him.21．你说的也就是我所想的。(what)
22．不管他父亲是否同意，他将选择教师作为他的职业。(whether)
23．根据他提供的线索，警察很快抓到了逃犯。(according)
24．当你们到达那里时，你们会知道他发生了什么事。(the moment)
25．不要把今天的事留到明天做。(名词性从句)
39.may just as well stay at home
40.stain the new carpet
41.didn??t do anything
42.play indispensable roles
43.Even so
44.are being developed
45.remembering all my life
46.lose contact with
47.second only to
48.such fine weather
49.have never resorted to
50.not to speak of/not to mention/let alone going abroad
51.delaying making
52.should adapt himself to
53.to hearing your story again
54.is now being turned
55.Could you take a blank sheet of paper?
第三篇：中级口译翻译练习+答案
中级口译翻译练习
1.Bill Gates is smiling again.The boyish enthusiasm is back, and the grueling burdens of monopoly lawsuits and dotcom downturns are receding.America’s best-known billionaire is back to doing what he has always done best-designing exciting new products and making barrels of money.The Launch of Office XP,a sophisticated rethink of Microsoft’s most popular business toll at the end of this May,marks merely the opening shot in a forthcoming technological blitz that Gates is serenely convinced will cement his companuy’s status as the unshakable colossus of computing.“It’s great to see people enthused about what we are doing.”Gates happily declares.2.China,the world’s most populous nation,joined the World Trade Organization on November 10,2001,thus ending 15 years of negotiations,offering China a new place at the table of nations and giving new life to centuries of dreams.The admission is one of China’s most significant diplomatic achievements since it displaced Taiwan and took a seat on the United Nations Securities Council in 1971,soon after which then President Richard Nixon made his famous trip to Beijing.Admission means China will enjoy protection against the imposition of barriers on its goods.The United States will cease the annual review
procedure
in
which
Congress considers ending”normal trade relations” with China based on its human rights performance.中口翻译答案
1.比尔。盖茨又一次微笑了。他那孩童般的热情又回来了。那场另人身心疲惫的反垄断诉讼案以及网络公司低迷徘徊的局面正在接近尾声。美国这们闻名遐迩的亿万富翁重新做起了他一贯最拿手的工作－设计激动人心的新产品并赚得大把的钞票。
5月底，微软将其最受欢迎的办公商务软件的经典改进版Office XP投放市场，打响了该公司即将闪电式推出一系列新技术产品的第一炮。盖茨深信，这些产品将巩固其公司作为计算机行业不可动摇的“航空母舰”地位。
盖茨不无骄傲地说：“看到人们对我们所从事的工作如此热心，真是太棒了。”
2．中国这个世界上人口最多的国家，于2001年11月10加入了世界贸易组织，从而结束了15年的漫长谈判，为中国在国际上赢得了一个新的席位，并为几个世纪以来的梦想注入了新的活力。
加入WTO是自1971年中国取代台湾获得联合国安理会席位（那以后不久，理查德。尼克松总统便开始了其著名的北京之行）以来中国所取得的最为重大的外交成就之一。
加入WTO表明中国将得以保护其商品免遭惩罚性贸易关卡。美国将停止其一年一度的对华贸易审查程序。在这个审查程序中，美国国会总是以中国的人权状况为由来审议终止与中国的“正常贸易关系”。
第四篇：CET46 翻译练习1答案
孔子（Confucius）是春秋时期（the Spring and Autumn Period）的大思想家、大教育家和儒 家学派（Confucianism）的创始人，是古代中国人心目中的圣人。孔子的言论和生平活动记 录在由他的弟子或再传弟子编成的《论语》（The Analects）一书中。《论语》是中国古代 文化的经典著作。在孔子之后几千年的中国历史上，没有哪一位思想家、文学家和政治家不 受《论语》的影响。不研究《论语》，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。
As a great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism during the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius is a sage to the ancient Chinese people.His words and life story were recorded by his disciples and their students in The Analects.As an enduring classic of Chinese culture, The
Analects has influenced all thinkers, writers and politicians in the thousand years’ Chinese history after Confucius.No scholar could truly understand this long-standing culture or the inner world of the ancient Chinese without this book.2
大约在两千多年前，中国就出现了蜡染（wax printing）。在中国服饰中，蜡染是一种流传 时间长、流行范围大、使用领域广的服装工艺。蜡染是在布匹着色的过程中，以蜂蜡（beeswax）作为防止染色的材料。蜂蜡干了之后，会产生一些裂纹，这些裂纹在染色过程中渗透进靛蓝 色，于是形成了如冰花式样的美妙纹理。这样自然天成的纹理可以说是蜡染的灵魂所在。
Wax printing appeared in China about 2,000 years ago.Wax printing has long been a widespread technique used in the history of Chinese fashion.During the dyeing process, beeswax is applied to prevent some parts of the cloth form being dyed.When the beeswax dries, it develops cracks, which absorb indigo in the process of dyeing, thus forming the beautiful natural lines resembling breaking ice.These naturally formed lines represent the beauty and soul of wax printing.3
景泰蓝（cloisonné）是驰名中外的传统工艺，它集青铜艺术、瓷器和雕刻诸种工艺制作技巧 于一身，是一门地道的北京绝活。它是收藏家收藏的佳品，也是人们居家使用的精美物品。这项工艺始创于明代景泰年间，初创时的颜色主要是蓝色，故得名“景泰蓝”。到了成化年 间，景泰蓝技术进一步成熟，这个时期的作品沉稳凝重又透明灵动，而且铜胎也极为讲究。
Cloisonné is a traditional art widely known in and outside China.It is a kind of superb local expertise form of Beijing, which combines the skills of bronze art, porcelain, carving and other types of folk arts.It is deemed valuable in the eyes of collectors, as well as refined ornaments for daily use.The making of cloisonné first appeared during the Jingtai reign of the Ming Dynasty, with the main colour used being blue, hence the name “Jingtai Blue” as it became known later on.By the time of the Chenghua reign, the techniques for making cloisonné were further developed, with products of this period looking heavy and dignified yet not lacking in eloquence or vividness.Moreover, its cast was always made of choice copper.4
西塘在浙江嘉兴，位于上海和杭州之间。这个占地规模并不大的古镇有着悠久的历史，它初 建于春秋时期（the Spring and Autumn Period），位于吴国和越国的交界处。西塘的大致规 模在宋代之前就已经形成，今所见西塘著名的桥梁望仙桥（Wangxian Bridge）就是宋代的 遗迹。在明清时期，西塘既是远近闻名的鱼米之乡，又是著名的丝绸制造之地，还以制陶业（ceramics）而享誉全国。
Xitang is located in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, between Shanghai and Hangzhou.Though small in size, this ancient town boasts a long history.It was first built during the Spring and Autumn Period, at the border between the states of Wu and Yue.The present layout had already taken shape before the Song Dynasty, and the famous Wangxian Bridge in Xitang is a legacy of the Song.By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Xitang had become a well-known trade centre for farm products, silks and ceramics, all produced in the surrounding areas and famous throughout the country.5
秧歌舞（Yangko dance）是中国汉族的一种传统民间舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者 通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作迅速有力。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上观看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳舞来保持健康，同时他们也 乐在其中。
The Yangko dance is a traditional folk dance of the Han Chinese, commonly performed in the northern provinces.Yangko dancers usually wear bright and colorful costumes, and their
movements are vigorous and quick.During holidays, such as the lunar New Year and the Lantern Festival, as soon as people hear the sound of drums and gongs they swarm into the streets to watch Yangko dance performances, no matter how cold it is outside.In recent years, elderly people in some cities in Northeast China have been organizing themselves into Yangko teams, with the dancers enjoying themselves while keeping fit all year round.6
中国的青铜器时代（Bronze Age）从夏开始，经历商、西周到春秋时期（the Spring and Autumn Period），前后持续了一千五百多年的时间。大量出土的青铜器物表明，中国创造了灿烂的 青铜文明。这些青铜器物不仅有丰富的政治和宗教内涵，而且还具有很高的艺术价值。今藏 于中国历史博物馆的大盂鼎（the Great Ding for Yu）是中国青铜器时代的代表性作品之一。它是西周康王（King Kang）时期的作品，距今大约有三千多年。
The Bronze Age in China lasted more than 1,500 years, from the Xia through the Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties, to the Spring and Autumn Period.Large numbers of unearthed artifacts indicate a high level of ancient bronze civilization in the country.They feature rich political and religious themes, and are of high artistic value.A representative example is the Great Ding for Yu, which is now preserved in the Museum of Chinese History.It was cast about 3,000 years ago during the reign of King Kang of Western Zhou Dynasty.7
1911年，中国爆发了历史上的第一次资产阶级革命——辛亥革命（the Revolution of 1911），它推翻了中国封建社会的最后一个朝代——清朝，废除了中国延续了2000多年的封建帝制，建立了中国的第一个民主共和国——中华民国。民国政府成立以后，要求全国人民都剪掉头 上的辫子（queues），选择自己喜欢的发型。至此，在中国延续了280多年的辫子法令终于 被解除。
In 1911, the first bourgeois revolution in Chinese history — the Revolution of 1911 broke out.The last dynasty of the Chinese feudal society, Qing Dynasty, was over-thrown and the monarch system that had a history of more than 2,000 years was abolished.The Republic of China, the first democratic republic in China, was founded in 1912.After its foundation, the government of Republic of China had required the citizens to cut off their queues and make the haircut they liked.Since then, the wearing-queue order that had lasted for more than 280 years in China has been abolished.8
出现在中国五代时期的妇女缠足（foot-binding），虽然最初是宫廷舞女为了方便跳舞而采用 的一种行为，但由于有人认为脚裹起来更好看，所有很多人就开始效仿起来。到了宋代，封 建社会的纲常思想非常严重，受到男尊女卑的封建礼教的影响，女子裹脚的风气被传承下来，并逐渐成为一种习俗。为了与妇女的小脚相适应，宋代还出现了专门为裹足妇女制作的弓鞋（gongxie）。
The practice of foot-binding for women appeared in the Five Dynasties, but in the beginning, it was only adopted by the court dancers for convenience while dancing.Since people thought the foot-binding made women’s feet look more beautiful, many females rushed to follow suit.By the Song Dynasty, due to the importance of feudal ethical thoughts and influence of the feudal male superiority conception, the practice of foot-binding was inherited and became a custom.In the Song Dynasty, to meet the needs of women’s small feet, a kind of specially designed shoes gongxie was made.9
据中国古代史书记载，治水有功的大禹通过禅让制接替舜成为部落联盟首领。但大禹死后，他的儿子夏启却破坏禅让的传统，自立为国王，建立了中国历史上第一个奴隶制国家——夏。从此，王位实行世袭制度，中国社会从此步入阶级社会。夏代处在中国社会从原始社会向奴 隶社会过渡的时期，社会生活的各个方面依然保存着原始社会的种种痕迹。
According to the Chinese ancient documents, the legendary leader Shun abdicated and handed over his leadership to Da Yu who had made great contribution to controlling the flood of the
Yellow River of China.When Da Yu died, his son Xia Qi breached the tradition of demise system and set himself as the king.Xia, the first slavery nation in Chinese history, was founded.Since then, the hereditary system had been practiced.Thus, China stepped into a class society.The Xia Dynasty was a transition from primitive society to slave society.At that time, all aspects of social life still reserved traces of primitive society.10
北京烤鸭是自封建帝王时代就在北京城流行的著名菜肴，如今它被认为是中国的一道国菜。这道菜以它薄而脆的酥皮，以及厨师们在客人面前片鸭子的真实情形而著称。专门用于制作 烤鸭的鸭子在养殖65天后就被屠宰了，鸭子在烤制前要先用调料腌制（season），然后才送 进焖炉或者挂炉。鸭肉通常配上葱（scallion）、黄瓜和甜面酱，用薄饼卷着食用。
Peking duck is a famous duck dish that has been popular since the imperial era in Beijing, and is now considered a national dish of China.The dish is prized for the thin, crisp skin with authentic vision of the dish serving sliced in front of the diners by the cook.Ducks bred specially for the dish are slaughtered after 65 days and seasoned before being roasted in a closed or hung oven.The meat is usually eaten with pancakes, scallion, cucumbers and sweet bean sauce.11
秦始皇是中国历史上一位很有作为的皇帝，他生前动用了大量人力、物力为自己修造陵墓。秦陵兵马俑（Terracotta Warriors and Horses）就是为陪葬这位皇帝而制作的陶兵和陶马。秦 始皇陵兵马俑被发现于1974年。三个兵马俑坑（terracotta figurines pits）占地约20,000多平方米，8,000多个与真人真马一般大小的陶俑陶马，排列成整齐的方阵，再现了秦始皇统一 中国时兵强马壮的雄伟军阵。秦始皇陵兵马俑被称作世界第八大奇迹。
The first emperor of the Qin Dynasty, known as Qing Shi Huang, made great achievements in Chinese history.While still alive, he mobilized huge manpower and used a great deal of materials to build his tomb.The Terracotta Warriors and Horses were made as burial objects to accompany the emperor in the after world.They were first discovered in 1974.Archaeologists had unearthed some 8,000 lifelike soldiers and horses from three terracotta figurines pits occupying about 20,000 square metres.Standing in formation, they indicate the powerful array of troops of Qin Shi Huang when he unified China.They are regarded as the eighth wonder of the world.12
筷子是广泛适用于东亚各国的传统餐具。筷子的历史起源于中国古代，最早可以追溯到商代。筷子通常由竹子、塑料、木材或不锈钢制成。第一双筷子可能用于烹饪，拨火而不是作为饮 食器具。直到汉代，筷子才开始用作餐具。直到明代，筷子才开始被普遍使用于上菜或者吃 饭。然后它们被取名“筷子”，并拥有了今天的形状。
Chopsticks are used as the traditional eating utensils of various East Asian countries.Chopsticks originated in ancient China and dates back to as early as the Shang Dynasty.They are commonly made of bamboo, plastic, wood or stainless steel.The first chopsticks were probably used for cooking, stirring the fire and not as eating utensils.Chopsticks began to be used as eating utensils during the Han Dynasty.It was not until the Ming Dynasty that chopsticks were widely used for both serving and eating.They then acquired the name kuaizi and the present shape.13
公元960年，宋朝建立，后统一了中国大部分地区。宋朝的统治者建立了有效的中央集权制； 广泛任用民间的学术文人；地方的军事官员及其党羽都被中央任命的官员所替代。宋朝在城 市发展方面是非常显著的，这不单指其在管理上的职能，而且还包括其作为贸易、工业和海 上贸易的中心的职能。在文化上，宋朝发展了历史文献、绘画、书法及坚硬光滑的瓷器等。
In 960, Song Dynasty was founded, and later it reunified most of China.The rulers of the Song Dynasty built an effective centralized bureaucracy staffed with civilian scholar-officials.Regional military governors and their supporters were replaced by centrally appointed officials.The Song Dynasty is notable for the development of cities not only for administrative purposes but also as centers of trade, industry and maritime commerce.Culturally, the Song refined historical writings, painting, calligraphy and hard-glazed porcelain, etc.14
中国科举制度（Chinese Imperial Examination System）是指中国古代官僚机构选拔行政官员 的考试制度。古代的中国人要想成为一位官员首先必须通过多种考试。科举考试的历史可以 追溯到隋朝，在唐朝得到进一步巩固和完善，在清朝走到了尽头。科举制度在中国已经存在 了约1300年。它对中国古代的社会结构和政治体制有深刻的影响。即使是现代选拔公务员 的考试制度也是间接地从科举制度演变而来的。
Chinese Imperial Examination System refers to an examination system of selecting the
administrative officials for the ancient Chinese bureaucracy.Ancient Chinese who wanted to be an official had to pass multiple of examinations first.Its history dates back to the Sui Dynasty.During the Tang Dynasty, the system had been further consolidated and perfected.The system came to an end during the Qing Dynasty.The Imperial Examination System has existed for about 1,300 years in China.It exerts deep influence on social structure and political system in ancient China.Even the modern examination system for selecting civil service staff also indirectly evolved from the imperial one.15
唐代文化是中国文化的一个高峰。尤其是古典诗歌到唐代发展到全盛时期。在唐代300余年 的历史中，产生的流传于后世的诗歌就有48,900多首。如此丰富的作品也使2,300多位诗人 在历史上留下了他们的名字。唐诗在创作方法上，现实主义与浪漫主义并举。唐代最著名的 诗人是李白和杜甫，他们都是具有世界声誉的诗人，后人将他们合称为“李杜”。
The Tang Dynasty witnessed a peak in Chinese culture.Especially, ancient poetry flourished in the Tang Dynasty.In more than 300 years of the Tang Dynasty, some 48,900 poems were handed down and remain widely known today.So many works also made more than 2,300 poets famous in history.As far as the writing technique is concerned, the Tang poetry combined realism and romanticism.The best-known poets of the Tang Dynasty were Li Bai and Du Fu, who are very prestigious in the whole world and people of later generations called both of them as “Li Du” collaboratively.16
江苏菜，又叫淮阳菜，流行于长江下流区域，以水产作为主要原料，注重原料的鲜味。其雕 刻技术十分珍贵，其中瓜雕（melon carving）尤其著名。烹饪技术包括炖、烤、焙、煨（simmering）等。江苏菜的特色是淡、鲜、甜、雅。江苏菜系以其精选的原料，精细的准备，不辣不温的 口感而出名。因为江苏气候变化很大，江苏菜系在一年之中也有变化。味道强而不重，淡而 不温。
Jiangsu Cuisine, also called Huaiyang Cuisine, is popular in the lower reach region of the Yangtze River.Aquatics as the main ingredients, it stresses the freshness of materials.Its carving
techniques are delicate, of which the melon carving technique is especially well-known.Cooking techniques consist of stewing, roasting, baking and simmering, etc.The flavor of Huaiyang
Cuisine is light, fresh and sweet and with delicate elegance.Jiangsu Cuisine is well-known for its careful selection of ingredients, its meticulous preparation, and its “not-too-spicy, not-too-bland” taste.Since the climate varies considerably in Jiangsu, the cuisine also varies throughout the year.The flavor is strong but not too heavy;light but not too bland.17
王安石，北宋宰相、政治家、文学家、江西临川人。1042年，王安石考中进士，踏上了仕 途，从此积极投身于改革大业。他曾给宋仁宗写了一封万字的谏书（remonstrance），主张 朝廷全面改革法度，却没有得到重视。直到宋神宗时，王安石才得以有计划制定新的法度，大刀阔斧地展开以富国强兵为目的的变法运动。这就是中国历史上著名的“王安石变法”。
Born in Linchuan, Jiangxi province, Wang Anshi was a statesman, poet and prose writer in the Song Dynasty.In 1042, Wang Anshi outstood others in the feudal exam and became a Jinshi，marking his first step in his political career and the beginning of his commitment to the reform.He once wrote a remonstrance of ten thousand characters to Emperor Renzong, advocating an all-out reform of the feudal laws and systems.The letter, however, was neglected.It was not until the reign of Emperor Shenzong that he finally got the opportunity to carry out the reform aimed to strengthen the country’s power.This is the famous “Wang Anshi’s Reform” in the Chinese history.18 秦腔（Qingqiang Opera）起源于唐、宋年间的陕西农村，经明、清两代的发展，演变成现在 以“直起直落，慷慨激昂，荡气回肠”为主要特征的表现形式。在陕西境内，根据不同语言 特色和生活习惯，秦腔又分为东、中、西、南四路。西安秦腔吸取东、西两路秦腔的长处和 京剧等外来剧种的优点，既有高亢激昂、粗犷豪放的风格，又有柔和清丽、精致细腻的格调。
Qinqiang Opera originated in the Tang and Song dynasties from the rural areas of the ancient Shaanxi in China and took shape in the Ming and Qing dynasties.Now this folk opera is featured by melodies that do not have many changes yet sound impassioned and soul-stirring.Since the dialects and living habits vary from place to place within Shaanxi province, Qinqiang opera is classified into four schools: the eastern school, the central school, the western school and the southern school.Qinqiang opera performed in Xi’an has absorbed the merits of the eastern and western schools as well as those of other operas such as Peking opera.Thus it sounds loud and rough sometimes, soft and gentle at other times.19
根据中国的阴阳五行学说，世界上所有的事物都是由金、木、水、火、土五种元素构成，这 五种元素相生相克，白色代表金，绿色代表木，黑色代表水，红色代表火，黄色则代表土。中国社会发展到汉代以后，黄色开始被人所接受，并认为是最尊贵的颜色。唐代以后，服饰 制度规定只准皇室穿黄色的服饰，其他人一概不允许。
According to the Chinese thought of yin, yang and the five elements(metal, wood, water, fire and earth), all things in the universe consist of the five elements;there is a phenomenon of mutual promotion and restraint among the five elements.The white stands for metal, the blue for wood, the black for water, the red for fire and the yellow for earth.Since the Han Dynasty in Chinese history, the yellow had been accepted by all people and regarded as the most distinguished colour.By the Tang Dynasty, the clothing system stipulated that all the people were prohibited from wearing yellow clothes except the royal family.20
张择端是北宋时期的一位宫廷画师，拥有大量杰出作品，但最著名的应当是被后人称为“神 品”的《清明上河图》（A River Scene at Qingming Festival）。它是一部写实主义的精品，以当时开封城的景象为题材绘制而成。图中人物多达500余人，真实地再现了当时开封清明 时节的盛况。全图结构完整，描绘准确，被传为稀世珍品。《清明上河图》将那个时代的绘 画艺术推向了顶峰。
Zhang Zeduan is a royal painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, he left many outstanding works, but the most renowned one is A River Scene at Qingming Festival.With various scenes in Kaifeng
as raw materials, the painting paints more than 500 people and thus is a lively portrayal of Kaifeng on the day of Qingming Festival.So complete in organisation and so vivid in painting, A River Scene at Qingming Festival is deemed as the peak of painting at that time.21
清朝是中国的最后一个封建王朝。它由满族人（Manchus）建立，是中国历史上第二个由非 汉族人创建的统一王朝。满族人以前也被称为女真（Jurchen），他们居住在明朝境内东北 部、长城关外。在努尔哈赤（Nurhaci）统一女真各部落并建立了一个独立的部落之后，他 们成为了明朝晚期的主要威胁。满族人联合明朝的将军吴三桂打下了北京，并将其作为清朝 的首都。在这之后他们继续南下剿灭（subdue）明朝的残余反抗势力。在满族征战中国的过 程（1618—1683）中，总共造成了2500万人丧生。
The Qing Dynasty was the last imperial dynasty in China.Founded by the Manchus, it was the second non-Han Chinese dynasty that ruled the whole country.The Manchus were formerly known as Jurchen, residing in the northeastern part of the Ming territory outside the Great Wall.They emerged as the major threat to the late Ming Dynasty after Nurhaci had united all Jurchen tribes and established an independent one.The Manchu allied with the Ming Dynasty general Wu Sangui to seize Beijing, which was made the capital of the Qing Dynasty, and then proceeded to subdue the remaining Ming’s resistance in the south.22
明朝是中国历史上最后一个由汉族建立的王朝，历经十二世、十六位皇帝，国祚276年。明 朝初期明太祖朱元璋定都于南京市。1421年由明成祖朱棣迁都至北京市。明朝是继汉唐盛 世后又一个兴盛的中原王朝，也曾是手工业、经济最繁荣的国家之一。《明史》（The History of Ming）认为洪武、永乐在位时期，“治隆唐宋”、“远迈汉唐”。明朝时期，无汉唐之 和亲，无两宋之岁币，天子御国门，君主死社稷，为后世子孙所敬仰。
The Ming Dynasty is the last dynasty established by the Han Chinese in Chinese history.It had 16 emperors of 12 generations in its 276 years.Zhu Yuanzhang, founder of the Ming Dynasty, set its capital in Nanjing in the early years.Emperor Zhudi moved its capital to Beijing in 1421.The Ming Dynasty is a follow-up to the prosperous Han and Tang dynasties, when the handicraft industry and economy flourished.The History of Ming suggests that during the reign of Emperor Hongwu and Yongle, the Ming Dynasty was much more developed than the Han, the Tang and the Song dynasties.The Ming Dynasty was never forced to establish marital relationships with neighboring kingdoms like Tang Dynasty, neither did it pay any tribute like the Song did.Emperors in the Ming Dynasty all dedicated to its country and are respected by their descendants.23
年画（New Year Painting）是中国画的一种，始于古代的门神画（door god painting），在清 朝光绪年间正式被称为年画。北宋年间，每逢过年过节家家户户贴年画已成为一种风尚。木 板年画历史悠久，堪称中国民间艺术宝库中的一颗明珠。木版年画，顾名思义，就是用木板 印出来的年画，不但具有极高的收藏价值，而且还极具观赏性。朱仙镇木板年画和天津杨柳 青、山东潍坊、江苏桃花坞年画并称中国四大年画。朱仙镇木版年画采用的是手工木刻制作，制作工艺非常地讲究。
New Year Painting is a kind of Chinese painting originated from ancient door god painting.In the period of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, it was formally known as New Year Painting.In the Northern Song Dynasty, it was a trend to paste new year paintings on New Year festivals and other holidays.The wood panel new year painting has a long history.It can be called a pearl of the treasures of folk art in China.The wood panel new year paintings, as its name implies, are painted with wood panels.They not only have very high artistic value, but also are highly ornamental.Wood panel new year paintings in Zhuxian Town, together with new year painting in Yangliuqing of Tianjin, Weifang of Shandong and Taohuawu of Jiangsu are collectively known as the four famous new year paintings in China.Wood panel new year paintings in Zhuxian Town are made of hand-made wood and the production process is very demanding.24
在中国古代社会，官服是权力的象征，历来受到统治阶级的重视。因为明朝皇帝姓朱，所以 官员的官服是以大红为主的（紫色从此不在官服中使用），且样式近似唐代圆领服。最有特 色的是用“补子”（buzi）表示官员的品级。补子是一块约40-50厘米的正方形丝绸材料，可织绣上不同的纹样，然后被分别缝缀在官服的胸前和背后。文官的补子用飞禽，武官用走 兽，分成九个等级。平常穿的圆领袍衫则凭衣服长短来区分身份，衣服长的人地位高。
In ancient China, the official dress was a symbol of power, and was taken seriously by the ruling class of ages.In the Ming Dynasty, as the emperor’s family name was Zhu meaning red, the
official dress was mostly bright red;as a result, the colour purple was no longer used as the colour for the official dress during the period.The Ming official dress looked quite similar to the
round-neck dress in the Tang Dynasty.The “buzi” was the most special characteristic of the Ming official dress, which was used to show the grade of officials.The buzi was a piece of square silk about 40-50cm, which was embroidered with different flower patterns and then sewn to the front part and back part of the official dress.The buzi of the civilian was embroidered with the figure of fowls, and that of the military officer was embroidered with the figures of beasts, which was
divided into nine grades.The ordinary round-neck gowns and robes were distinguished according to the length of the dress.The longer the clothes the higher the position.25
孙权，字（courtesy name）仲谋，今浙江富阳人。15岁时就开始征战沙场。他是一位善于 纳贤的英杰，勇敢果断，选拔官员的标准是唯贤任能。他大胆任用了一批年轻有为的将领，从而帮助孙权成就了一代宏图大业。孙权统治江东50年，对开发建业和整个江南地区做出 了重大贡献。他发展农业，兴修水利，疏浚（dredge）和扩大了秦淮河水道。他还发展了航 海事业，派人到夷洲（今台湾省），出使辽东半岛（peninsula）及南海诸国，还为西域僧人 建造了金陵的第一座佛寺——建初寺。
Sun Quan, whose courtesy name is Zhongmou, was born in Fuyang, Zhejiang Province.Sun began to fight on the battlefield when he was only 15 years old.Later, when he became a leader, he was brave, decisive and impartial in appointing officials.As a result, a lot of young yet talented men were promoted to important position, which helped Sun a lot in building his kingdom.During his fifty years’ rule, Sun Quan contributed a lot to the development of Jianye(present Nanjing)and the south China as a whole by developing agriculture, building irrigation projects as well as dredging and widening the waterway of the Qinhuai River.What’s more, he helped to develop China’s navigation industry by sending off convoys to Yizhou(modern Taiwan Province)，Liaodong Peninsula and some island countries around South China Sea.Under his order, the first Buddhist temple which was named Jianchu Temple was built for monks from the Western Regions.26 祖冲之，429年生于建康（今南京），他从小就显示出过人的才学。他最伟大的贡献就是把 圆周率的数值精确计算到3.141,592,6和3.141,592,7之间。这个数值在当时是世界上最精准 的圆周率数值。直到大约一千年后，欧洲数学家才求得同样的结果。由于祖冲之在计算圆周 率方面的重大贡献，圆周率又被称为“祖率”。国际科学界还将月球上的一座环形山（lunar crater）命名为“祖冲之山”（Tsu Chung-chi）。国际行星中心还以他的名字命名了一颗小 行星（asteroid）。这些都是为了纪念这位伟大的科学巨匠。
Born in Jiankang(present Nanjing)in 429, Zu Chongzhi(Tsu Chung-chi)displayed unusual talent from his childhood.Based on others’ achievements, he calculated out that the precise value of π shall be between 3.141,592,6 and 3.141,592,7.This was the most precise approximation at that time and it was not until one thousand years later that a European mathematician came up with the same result.For all his great contribution, π is also called the Zu ratio in honor of Zu Chongzhi.What’s more, the international scientific circle named one lunar crater as “Tsu Chung-chi”.And the International Planet Centre named one asteroid after his name.All these efforts are done to commemorate this great scientist.27
编钟（Bianzhong）是中国传统的乐器，由青铜铸成，它由不同的钟依照大小排列。这些钟 悬挂在一个巨大的木制钟架上。这些编钟曾被用作和弦乐器（polyphonic musical instruments），其中一些钟的历史可以追溯到2,000到3,000年前。迄今为止最重要的一套 编钟在挖掘曾侯乙（Marquis Yi）的古墓时出土，它由65个大小编钟组成，保存完好。曾 侯乙编钟铸造于两千五百多年前的战国时代（Warring States），制作精美，总重量达到两千 五百多公斤，今天它仍然能够演奏乐曲，在这世界文化史上也是极为罕见的。
Bianzhong is an ancient Chinese musical instrument consisting of a set of bronze bells which are placed by size and hung in an enormous wooden frame.These sets of chime bells were used as polyphonic musical instruments and some of these bells can be dated back to 2,000 to 3,000 years ago.Among the most important sets of Bianzhong discovered are a complete ceremonial set of 65 zhong bells, found in a near-perfect state of preservation during the excavation of the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng.Made in the Warring States about 2,500 years ago, the bells of Marquis Yi of Zeng which feature exquisite workmanship and have a total weight of over 2,500 kilograms can still be played today, which is rare even in the history of world culture.28
在英文中，“中国”与“瓷器”是一个词，这说明，很早的时期欧洲人就把中国与瓷器联系 在一起的了。瓷器15世纪时就传入欧洲，在中外交流中占有重要位置。德国卡塞尔郎德（Keisel Randy）博物馆至今还藏有一件中国明代青瓷（blue-and-white）碗。历史上，中国 和亚洲的其他国家以及欧洲国家的瓷器交易极为频繁，而且数量巨大。据今人研究，在 1602-1682年间，仅荷兰东印度公司（the Dutch East India Company）从中国贩运到欧洲的瓷 器就有一千六百多万件。瓷器以其优雅精致的品质，为中国赢得了好名声。
In English, china has the same meaning as porcelain.This proves that Europeans have long known of China’s relation to porcelain.Porcelain found its way to Europe in the 15th century, occupying an important position in the exchanges between China and other countries.The Keisel Randy Museum in Germany houses a blue-and-white bowl dating back to the Ming Dynasty.Throughout history, China, along with other Asian countries, and Europe maintained a busy and vast trade in porcelain.From 1602 to 1682, the Dutch East India Company alone transported more than 16 million articles of porcelain from China to Europe.Porcelain earned a good reputation for China for its sophistication and elegance.29
中国人为什么要修长城？在秦始皇时代，每二十个人中，就有一个人参与修建过长城。中国 人经历了无数次毁灭性的战争，他们深知，保护生灵的城墙总比掩埋尸体的壕沟（trench）好。修建长城有说不尽的艰辛，甚至不少人还因此付出了生命。但与惨烈的战争相比，人们 更愿意选择前者。长城在中国历史上发挥的作用是巨大的。在冷兵器时代，长城在军事防御 上起到了不容置疑的作用，尤其在防御北方民族所谓的“马背上的进攻”方面，效果是明显 的。
Why did the Chinese build the Great Wall? During the reign of the First Emperor of Qin, one out of every 20 people took part in the project.Suffering from the devastating damage of wars, people realized that building a wall to protect lives was better than burying the dead in trenches.Building walls was extremely hard labor, sometimes even at the cost of life itself.Compared with bloody wars, however, people would rather choose the former.The Great Wall played a significant role in history.It certainly served the purpose of military defense in the age of cold steel, especially in preventing attacks from northern peoples on horseback.30
围棋（go）于四千多年前起源于中国，是一种重要的棋盘游戏，并在一千多年前就先后传到 朝鲜半岛（peninsula）和日本，为东北亚人们普遍喜爱。每年中、日、韩之间有多种围棋比 赛，围棋成为文化交流的工具。围棋不仅是竞赛项目，也是一种游戏活动，文人（literati）的案台上常常备有围棋。客人来了，除了有酒，还有围棋。旧时，无论在农村还是在市井，人们常常可以见到这样的场面：两个人在对弈，旁边站着一大片观棋的人，观棋的人得到的 快乐丝毫不比下棋的人少。
Go is an important board game with origins in China from more than 4,000 years ago.It was introduced to the Korean peninsula and Japan over 1,000 years ago, and has since become a favorite pastime of many people there.Today, go still serves as a means of cultural exchange between the peoples of China, Japan and Korea, as they engage in numerous tournaments every year.Go is not only a competitive event but also a game of entertainment.The literati would usually have a set of go pieces on their desks.When a friend came around, both the host and the guest would enjoy a game of go, along with fine wine.In ancient countryside and towns, a pair of go players in an open space would often attract an attentive crowd, with the onlookers enjoying the game no less than the players.31
在中国，小孩子的抓周（one-year-old catch）仪式独具风格，在孩子的成长过程中，这个仪 式具有里程碑式的重要意义。抓周仪式在小孩满一周岁的时候举行，最早记载于北齐。小孩 子满周岁的那天，在吃中午的长寿面之前，家里的长辈们会将书、笔、钱币、首饰、玩具和 食物等摆出来，由大人将小孩抱过来，令其端坐，大人们不给予任何的引导或暗示，任孩子
任意挑选，并以此为依据来预测孩子可能存在的志趣和将要从事的职业以及发展，也寄寓了 长辈们对孩子的美好期待。
In China, the one-year-old catch of a baby is of unique characteristic.The ceremony is of milestone-like significance in the growing process of a baby.The ceremony usually celebrates when the baby is one year old.The earliest historical record about one-year-old catch appeared during the Northern Qi Dynasty.On the day when a baby is one year old, the family of the baby will lay out books, pens, coins, jewelries, toys and foods, etc.The parents then put the baby in front of these articles and make him/her sit up.Nobody will give any instruction or cue to the baby so that it is left free to choose by himself/herself.According to the articles the baby catches, the family try to make predications about the baby’s potential interests, future career and development.The ceremony also represents that the elder place good wishes and hope on the baby.32
武则天是中国历史上空前绝后的唯一一位女皇帝，她创造了中国历史的奇迹。她是中国历史 上杰出的政治家、军事家，同时也是一位诗人。武则天出生于唐朝的大户人家，她拥有盖世 的美丽和绝顶的聪明，并喜欢读书。童年时曾随父母游历了名山大川，这培养了她的眼界和 才干。她14岁入宫，在经历了很多坎坷和磨难之后，终于当上了皇后。690年，武则天改 国号（the title of the dynasty）唐为周，正式做了皇帝。她执政期间，经济、文化繁荣发展，边疆稳固，人民生活幸福。
Wu Zetian, the only female emperor in Chinese history, created the miracle of Chinese history.She was an outstanding politician, strategist as well as a poet in Chinese history.Born in a wealthy family in Tang Dynasty, she was the most beautiful and intelligent of her time, and she also liked reading.She had visited famous mountains and great rivers with her parents when she was a child, which had broadened her horizon and developed her talents.She was sent to the palace when she was 14.After many difficulties and hardships, she became the empress finally.In 690, Wu Zetian changed the title of the dynasty Tang to Zhou, and became the emperor herself.During her reign, the economy and culture developed rapidly, the frontier got stable and people led a happy life.33 玉雕（jade carving）是中国最古老的雕刻品种之一。玉石历来被人们当作珍宝，在中国古代，玉被看作是美好品质和君子风范的象征。玉石加工雕琢成为精美的工艺品，称为玉雕。工艺 师在制作的过程中，根据不同玉料的天然颜色和自然形状，经过精心设计、反复琢磨，才能 把玉石雕制成精美的工艺品。玉雕的品种主要有人物、器具、鸟兽、花卉等大件作品，也有 别针（brooch）、戒指、印章等小件作品。中国的玉雕作品在世界上享有很好的声誉。
Jade carving is one of the oldest carving arts in China.Jade was always treated as treasure.In ancient China, jade was regarded as a symbol of refinement and moral ethics.Jade carving refers to the process to carve a piece of jade into a fine article of art.A carving artist has to thoroughly examine a piece of jade, cudgel his brains to make a design according to its natural colors and shape, and turn it into an artistic work.Jade can be carved into human figures, containers, images of birds, animals, flowers as well as small things like brooches, rings or seals.Chinese jade carving works enjoy a high reputation in the world.34
生活在中国黄河中上游的黄土高原上（the Loess Plateau）的人们，利用那里的黄土层建造了 一种独特的住宅——窑洞（cave-dwellings）。窑洞分为土窑、石窑、砖窑等几种。土窑是 靠着山坡挖掘成的黄土窑洞，这种窑洞冬暖夏凉，保温和隔音效果最好。石窑和砖窑是先用 石块或砖砌成拱形洞，然后在上面盖上厚厚的黄土，既坚固又美观。由于建造窑洞不需要钢 材和水泥，所以窑洞的造价较低。随着社会的发展，人们对窑洞的建造不断改进，黄土高原 上冬暖夏凉的窑洞越来越舒适美观了。
People living in the Loess Plateau which lies in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River make use of the solid to build unique residences called cave-dwellings.These can be further
divided into earthen, rock-walled and brick-walled types.Earthen cave-dwellings are hollowed out of mountain slopes;they are warm in winter and cool in summer, and are also sound-proof.Stones or brick-walled cave-dwellings are usually built with stones or bricks first into arch-shaped house and then covered with a thick layer of earth.Since there is no need for steel and cement, the building cost is low.As society progresses, construction of carve-dwelling keeps improving, and today, such houses are more comfortable inside and more pleasant in appearance.35
轿子（sedan chair）是中国古代很重要的交通工具，主要由人来肩扛手抬。汉代的权贵（bigwig）们坐在由人像背包那样背着的轻便竹椅中行进。在北魏和南北朝时期，山水卷轴中出现了绑 在竹竿上的木制轿子。轿子在种类上有官轿、民轿和喜轿等。轿子最重要的用途可能就是用 作喜轿了。传统的中国婚礼上，新娘子被雇来的人用轿子抬到婚礼现场。喜轿装饰华丽、喜 庆（jubilant），通常这些轿子还装饰有一个由红色丝绸制成的帘子，用来防止新娘子的闺 容被旁观者看见。
The sedan chair can be regarded as a crucial vehicle of ancient China.It mainly has the virtue of lifting with shoulders and hands.In Han Dynasty, the bigwigs travelled in light bamboo seats supported on a carrier’s back like a backpack.In the Northern Wei Dynasty and the North and South Song dynasties, wooden carriages on bamboo poles appeared in painted landscape scrolls.As for its kind, the sedan chair can be classified into three types: sedan chair for officials, the civilian and weddings.The chair with perhaps the greatest importance was the bridal chair.A
traditional bride is carried to her wedding ceremony by a “shoulder carriage”, usually hired.These were richly ornamented and jubilant, and were equipped with red silk curtains to screen the bride from onlookers.36
龙袍（imperial robe），从字面上理解就是绣（embroider）有龙形花纹的袍服，在中国古代 服饰文化史上占有重要地位。龙纹最早出现在周朝，当时出现画有龙纹的服装，但没有出现 真正意义上的龙袍。秦汉时期，上下相连的袍服出现，但袍服上仍没有龙形的花纹。直到隋 唐时期冕服上才开始出现龙纹，但是帝王平时穿用的常服上并没有龙纹。只有到了元明时期，帝王袍服上绣有龙纹的现象才越来越多，自此也就出现了真正意义的龙袍。
Imperial robe literally means a robe that is embroidered with images of Chinese dragon, which played an important role in the history of Chinese ancient dress culture.The design of Chinese dragon appeared as early as in the Zhou Dynasty but the real imperial robe had not yet existed.By the Qin and Han dynasties, the robe with upper and lower parts as a whole was designed, but still no flower pattern of Chinese dragon on the robe.By the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the crown clothing that consisted of both upper clothes and lower skirt began to have the flower pattern of Chinese dragon.However, the ordinary dress worn by the emperor wasn’t embroidered with the flower pattern of Chinese dragon.Only by the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, imperial robe
embroidered with the flower pattern of Chinese dragon began to become more common and the real imperial robe came into being.37
西安作为十二朝古都，见证了历史的荣辱兴衰。历史在这里留下的文物景观和遗址不胜枚举，如兵马俑（Terracotta Warriors and Horses）、大雁塔（the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda）、华清 池等都是人类文化艺术的瑰宝。大雁塔位于西安南郊，建于唐代，是唐朝太子李治为了追念 他的母亲文德皇后而建立的，至今已经有1000多年的历史。大雁塔塔身由青砖砌成，结构 坚固，外观简单又不失庄严，最初建立的时候只有5层，后来又经过多次重修，现在的塔是 7层，高达64米。
As the capital of twelve dynasties, Xi’an had witnessed the rise and fall of history.There are numerous cultural relics and historical sites throughout the history.Among them are Terracotta Warriors and Horses, the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda and the Huaqing Pool, which are all precious treasures of humankind’s culture and art.Located in the south suburbs of Xi’an, the Giant Wild Pagoda was built by Li Zhi, a prince of the Tang Dynasty in memory of his mother Empress Wende and has stood there ever since for more than one thousand years.Simple yet solemn, the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda is of a firm structure built of grey brick.Originally built with only 5 stories, the Pagoda now measures 64 metres high with additional two stories after several repairs.38
中国人有在清明节扫墓祭祖和踏青插柳的习俗。每到清明节，家家户户都要到郊外去祭扫祖 先的坟墓。人们为坟墓除去杂草，添加新土，在坟前点上香（incense），摆上食物和纸钱，表示对祖先的思念和敬意。清明时节，树木发芽，到处一片新绿，呈现出生机盎然的景色。人们会到郊外呼吸新鲜空气，观赏蓝天、绿树、小草和鲜花，或者折根柳枝在戴在头上，叫 做“插柳”。据说，插柳可以驱除鬼怪和灾难，祈求平安幸福。
The Chinese people have the custom of sweeping the tombs, taking an outing and wearing a willow twig on the head on the Tomb-sweeping Day.When the Tomb-sweeping Day comes, every family will go to the country side to hold a memorial ceremony at their ancestors’ tombs.People get rid of any weeds growing around the tomb, add new earth, burn incense and offer food and spirit money to show their remembrance and respect for their ancestors.At this time, the grass and trees have put forth new buds, with fresh green everywhere, which reflects the vitality of spring.It is a good time for people to breathe the fresh air in the countryside and appreciate the blue sky, green trees, grass and flowers.People like to wear a willow twig on the head because it is supposed to be able to drive away ghosts and disasters and bring safety and happiness.39
618年6月18日，唐朝由高祖建立，是中国文明的黄金时代，在艺术，文学，尤其是在诗 歌和科技上发展显著。佛教成为普通百姓的主要宗教。长安（今西安）是唐朝的首都，是当 时世界上最大的城市。第二任皇帝太宗发动了军事行动来化解游牧（nomadic）部族的威胁，扩展边界，使邻国服从朝贡（tributary）制度。唐朝在塔里木盆地（Tarim Basin）军事上的
胜利保持了丝绸之路畅通，连接长安到中亚地区，并远至西部。在南方，利润丰厚的海上（maritime）贸易路线从港口城市开始，如广州。
Tang Dynasty was founded by Emperor Gaozu on 18 June 618.It was a golden age of Chinese civilization with significant developments in art, literature, particularly poetry, and technology.Buddhism became the predominant religion for common people.Chang’an(modern Xi’an), the national capital, was the largest city in the world of its time.The second emperor, Taizong, launched military campaigns to dissolve threats from nomadic tribes, extended the border, and submitted neighboring states into a tributary system.Military victories in the Tarim Basin kept the Silk Road open, connecting Chang’an to Central Asia and areas far to the west.In the south, profitable maritime trade routes began from port cities such as Guangzhou.40
中华民族是龙的传人，而实际上根本没有龙这种动物存在，它只是人们臆想出来的一种动物 象征，结合了许多种其他不同动物的特征，包括：鹿、鱼、老虎、狮子、马、牛、驴、蛇、和秃鹰（vulture）。龙被人们看作是一种具有神性的动物，时常与云朵、雷电和降雨联系在 一起，它可以在陆地行走，在海里游泳，在天空翱翔，化作风神和雨神。中国人不仅认为龙 是一种福神（mascot），还是权力、尊严、运气、力量和成功的化身。
The Chinese people consider themselves descendents of the dragon, which is in fact a fictitious animal combining some features of the deer, fish, tiger, lion, horse, ox, donkey, snake and vulture.This divine animal is always associated with clouds, thunderbolts and rainfall.It can walk on the land, swim in the sea and fly in the air and is the deity of wind and rain.Chinese people believe it is a mascot, as well as the embodiment of power, dignity, luck, strength and success.
第五篇：翻译练习及实战演习部分答案
练习1： 他说法语。
他说他要去打排球。他说谎。
他说得多做得少。他怎么也说不明白。他是搞法律的。这把我搞糊涂了。
这篇文章的中心意思是什么？ 我的意思还是不去的好。天有点要下雨的意思。
练习1答案： He speaks French.He said he was going to play volleyball.He told a lie./ He tells lies.He talks much but does little.He can’t make it clear.She is in the law.This made me quite confused.What’s the central idea of this article? In my opinion, it’s better not to go.It looks like rain.To the mother’s surprise，the boy’s ideas worked。
We walked miles to see him, only to find that he had just left for the countryside.Fancy meeting so many old friends here!They were so insolent /rude as to tell us that we had no business there.练习2：
三思而后行。
离这儿最近的邮局有两里远。我第一次是在北京见到他的。你两星期完成这项设计不容易。
我们认为理论与实践相结合是十分重要的。我们必须帮助他们解决工作问题和学习问题。咱们车站见吧。太阳在冉冉升起。
要想成功必须要有充分的准备。她害羞的用手蒙住了脸。
练习2答案
Think before you leap.It’s two miles from here to the nearest post office.It was in Beijing that I first met him.It was not easy for you to finish this design in two weeks.We think it most important that theory should be combined with practice.We must help them solve their problems of work and study.Let’s meet at the station.The sun is rising slowly.To be successful, one must be fully prepared In shyness, she covered her face with her hands
练习3：
他不反对我们的计划。父母爱子女无微不至。我们深信这计划行得通。这封信是用英语写成的。他和从前比体重减轻了。他支持这个建议，而我反对。
她脸色苍白，说明了此刻她内心的想法。独立思考对于学习是绝对必要的。那个花园晚会成功极了。交流想法是十分重要的。
练习3答案：
He had no objection to our plan The love of parents for their children is perfect and minute.We were all convinced that the plan would work This is a letter written in English He weighs less than he used to.He is for the suggestion, but I am against it.The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.That garden-party is a great success The exchange of idea is of great importance
实战演练：
1.在金庸和古龙的武侠小说中，古代社会即复杂又简单，充斥着比武论剑、门派纷争、掌门之争以及爱恨情仇。然而，在这个虚构的世界中，只有武林和侠客，官府、百姓、柴米油盐和功名利禄似乎都与之无关。
武术，在中国又称国术或武艺，在国外则以功夫闻名，是中国传统的体育项目。它也是一种完整的文化意识形态，融合了中国古典哲学、伦理学、美学、医学和兵法在内的诸多元素。峨眉、少林和武当是中国武术界的三大门派。
In martial arts themed novels written by Chinese writers Jin Yong and Gu Long, the ancient world is both complicated and simple.The world is full of swordfight competitions, martial arts schools disputes, leadership contentions, love and hatred.At the same time, there are only swordsmen and their Wulin in this fictional world, no government, civilians, daily necessities, livelihoods, or fame is included.Chinese Wushu(martial arts), also called Guoshu or Wuyi in Chinese, and popularly known as Kung Fu abroad, is a traditional sport in China.It is also a complete cultural ideology, which consists of a variety of elements including Chinese classical philosophy, ethics, aesthetics, medicine, and military science.Emei, Shaolin, and Wudang are called top three schools of Chinese martial arts.2.走过“高考”这座独木桥意义何在？在竞争激烈的现代化中国，高考仍是开启光明前途的一扇大门。但它同时也意味着一次接近你心中女神的机会，哪怕是一线渺茫的机会。这就是《青春派》，这样一部讲述高中生情窦初开的影片，画面精良，引人入胜。
该片并没有什么令人印象深刻的大明星，相对于日韩片，高中题材的影片在中国尚属“新生事物”。即便如此，在拍而优则导的刘杰手中，片中人物以及老套的剧情竟呈现出令人耳目一新之感。在一个半小时的电影中，故事情节相当紧凑，充满欢笑和泪水。
What’s the meaning of passing the university entrance exam? In today’s modern and competitive China, it’s still a gateway to a better, more promising life.But it may also mean the chance — even a slight one — to get closer to the girl of your dreams.That’s what Young Style, a charming and beautifully shot movie about first love in high school, is all about.The movie has no major stars to impress audiences with, and compared with Japan and South Korea, the high-school movie is a relatively new genre in China.Even so, cinematographer-turned-director Liu Jie gives the characters and the cliched story a fresh feel on the screen, packing a tight hour-and-a-half full of laughter and tears.3.八月末清华大学迎来了2013届新生，他们在报到时遇到的第一个问题便是：“你是自己来的还是跟父母一起来的？” 根据清华大学公布的数据显示，在该校第一批报到的539名新生中，有超过半数的人独自来报到。今年，清华大学校长陈吉宁在致2013级新生的信中，鼓励他们“自主自立地开始新的奋斗历程。”
为帮助新生们尽快成长，高校纷纷出台了一系列新举措。例如，清华大学要求新生独自报到并入住宿舍。这一流程通常需要两三个小时，而在这段时间里，志愿者会带领学生家长来参观校园。
When Tsinghua University’s new 2013 freshmen arrived on campus late last month, the first question they were confronted with at the registration desk was: “Did you come alone or with your parents?”
According to statistics released after the first batch of the freshmen enrolled in the university, more than half of the 539 students came alone.In a letter to freshmen this year, Chen Jining, the president of Tsinghua University, encouraged them to “start this new adventure by standing on your own two feet.”
To help freshmen grow up, some universities have thought of new methods.At Tsinghua, for example, freshmen need to register and find their dormitory by themselves.The process requires two to three hours, during which volunteers take parents on a tour of the campus.4.近年来，网络游戏风靡大学生人群。对于很多网游好爱者而言，网络游戏带来的不仅仅是新奇的游戏体验，更是一种社交手段和生活时尚。由国内游戏资讯门户网站17173.com发布的《2012年中国网游玩家调查报告》也证明了这点。该报告称，19至25岁的大学生人群占网游玩家总人数的58%，而这一比例正在逐年增加。
For university students like Chen, online gaming has become more than a fad-it’s part of life and a way of socializing.A 2012 research report on online gamers in China released by 17173.com, the country’s leading game information portal, supports this notion.According to the report, university students aged between 19 and 25 make up 58 percent of online gamers, and the proportion is rising every year.5.支付宝于1月15日发布了个人账单，列出了用户的个人开销以及在线支付方式，这随即引起轰动。微博上人们（其中大部分为“淘宝控”）纷纷晒出网购账单以及看到自己消费额后的感想。正如你所料，多数人都被自己的账单雷到了。账单反映出一个人的消费习惯和生活方式，但这同样也是种警告：在网购为我们带来便利与新鲜生活方式的同时，我们也要谨慎消费，尤其是在网购时，因为在网上，金钱只是个数字。
The annual statement, which shows consumers’ personal spending and online payment patterns, caused a stir when it was released by Alipay on Jan 15.Many micro-bloggers shared how much money they spend shopping online, mostly on Taobao, and how they felt after discovering the extent of their consumption.As you may have guessed, most of them were shocked by their statement.An annual statement reflects a person’s consumption habits and lifestyle.But it’s also a warning that, while online shopping provides us with convenience and a refreshing way of living, we should be cautious about our consumption, especially when it comes to online shopping where money is just a number.6.国际连锁咖啡公司星巴克再次在中国引发争议，这次的矛盾主要集中在商业与古迹之间的博弈，而事件起因是星巴克在华东地区一间著名古刹旁的新店开张。上周六，这家坐落在风景优美、与世隔绝的灵隐寺风景区中的星巴克连锁店在一片争议声中开门营业。灵隐寺位于浙江杭州西湖岸边的一片树林之中。星巴克于周一下午在其官方微博上发布声明，解释了该咖啡店的位置，并表达了其对中国历史与传统文化的尊重。
International coffee company and coffeehouse Starbucks has again brewed debate over business versus historical interests in China after its opening of an outlet near a famed Buddhist temple in East China.The controversial Starbucks outlet opened on Saturday in the scenic zone of the quiet, secluded Lingyin Temple, or the Temple of Soul`s Retreat, which is located in a wooded area on the bank of the West Lake in Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province.The cafe released a statement on its official Weibo account on Monday afternoon, explaining the cafe`s location and professing its respect for Chinese history and traditional culture.7.今年3月5日是雷锋逝世50周年纪念日。1963年，毛主席宣布这天为“学雷锋日”，从而掀起一场全民学习雷锋事迹的运动热潮。此后的几十年间，一直存在这样一种争论：在物质社会中，雷锋精神是否长存？这种无私楷模的形象是否还有价值？有些人认为雷锋精神已经过时。评论人士则指出，那些认为雷锋精神过时的人其实是误解了其真正的意义。学习雷锋可以是一种相互关心，彼此受益的行为，是文明社会的基础。”
March 5 will mark the 50th year of Lei’s death.In 1963, Chairman Mao Zedong designated the day as “Learn From Lei Feng Day” and started a national campaign for people to copy his deeds.Several decades after the campaign was initiated, there has been a debate about whether the spirit of Lei lives on, and whether an altruistic role model is relevant anymore in a materialist society.Some think it no longer rings a bell.Commentators, however, point out those who regarded Lei’s spirit as being outdated have misinterpreted its meaning.Learning from Lei Feng could be a mutually caring and benefiting act, which is the basis of civilized society.8.在出台成年子女须定期探望年迈父母这一法律大约一个月后，中国决策者开始考虑通过立法鼓励另一项被国人忽视的活动：阅读。自从今年3月中国召开立法会议以来，该条例便一直在酝酿中，而这么做的动力来自一份新研究调查。调查显示，尽管中国是世界上最多产的图书生产国之一，但中国人的阅读率偏低。考虑到中国人长久以来就有重视求学的传统，当下的中国人为什么对读书如此提不起兴趣还没有明确的解释，不过有些人说，正是中国人对教育的投入以及考大学竞争激烈造成了这种现状。
Roughly a month after passing a law requiring adults to regularly visit their elderly parents, Chinese policy makers are considering legislation to encourage another activity the country’s people have neglected: reading.The regulation, which has been in development since the country’s annual legislative conclave in March, is motivated by new research showing Chinese people reading books at a relatively low rate despite the country being one of the world’s most prolific book producers.Given China’s long history of valuing scholarly pursuits, it isn’t clear why Chinese people have such a weak appetite for the written word, though some say it is precisely the country’s obsession with education and stiff competition on the college entrance exams ─ that’s to blame.
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