翻译练习题目答案(上册)（全文5篇）

第一篇：翻译练习题目答案(上册)

Unit 1

●他们发现要掌握一门外语是困难的。(find it hard to)They find it hard to master a foreign language.●这项研究表明成功人士在许多方面是相似的。(similar)

The research shows that successful people are similar in many ways.●成功的语言学习者不只依赖书本或者教师。(depend on)

Successful language learners do not just depend on books or teachers.●我们愿意帮助我们的朋友。(be willing to)We're willing to help our friends.●我们应该独立地，积极地并且有目的地学习新东西。(purposefully)We should learn new things independently, actively and purposefully.●研究表明，成功的语言学习者在许多方面有共同之处。

Research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways.●语言学习是一种主动的学习。学习者应该利用一切机会运用语言。Language learning is active learning，Therefore．successful learners should look for every chance to use the language.●学习语言应该主动地、独立地、有目的地学。Language learning should be active,independent and purposeful.●学语言不同于学数学。

Learning a language is different from learning maths.●老师经常将成功的语言学习经验传授给我们。

The teacher often imparts successful language learning experiences to us.Unit 2

●中国以其丝绸产品领先于世界。(lead„with)China leads the world with its silk products.●除了收入所得税外，有些州还要收购物税。(in addition to, charge)Some states charge a sales tax in addition to income tax.●销售税随你所购物品的价格而变。(vary with)Sales tax varies with the prices of the goods you buy.●人们总是在抱怨着不断上涨的物价。(complain about)People are always complaining about the rising prices.●妈妈说他每天花太多的时间看电视。(spend„in)

Mother said he spent too much time in watching TV each day.●纳税是每个公民应尽的义务。

It is every citizen's duty to pay taxes.●美国人常说他们一生中有两件事逃脱不了。

Americans often say that there are two things they can be sure of in life.●正因为美国有三级政府，税收也有三种。

There are generally three levels of government in the United States;therefore,there are three types of taxes.●某些州除了征收销售税还征收收入所得税。

Some states charge income tax in addition to a sales tax.●美国人抱怨税收太高，政府也没有正确使用税收。

Americans complain that taxes are too high and the government uses them in the wrong way.Unit 3

●水手们担心他们会遇上坏天气。(afraid)

The sailors are afraid that they may meet bad weather.●这座山有泰山的一半高。(half as„as)This mountain is half as high as Mount Tai.●这所学校平均每个班有45人。(on the average)

On the average, there are 45 students in each class of the school.●气候对植物的生长有影响。(affect)Climate affects the growth of plants.●我的工作越积越多。(pile up)My work keeps piling up.●平均每天有1000名来访者。

On the avarage there are 1,000 vistors a day.●大西洋只有太平洋的1/2大，但有4000多英里宽。

The Atlantic Ocean is only as half as the Pacific,but it is moar than 4,000 miles wide.●昨晚他过了好一会儿才入睡。

Last night it took him a long time to get to sleep.●电视里的广告太多，无法记住到底有多少。

There are so many ads on TV that it is to remember how many there are.●许多错误的想法导致哥伦布时代的人不愿西行。

Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic made the people in Columbus'days unwilling to sail westward.Unit 4

●他们的研究主要集中在成年人的学习技能上。(focus on)Their research mainly focuses on the learning skills of adults.●知道这些短语怎么用是很有意义的。(It is meaningful to„)It is meaningful to know how to use these phrases.●成年组由15人组成。(consist of)The adult group consists of 15 people.●不用说，我们都很清楚这些事实。(needless to say)Needless to say, we are all clear about the facts.●记忆力指的是记住过去的事件和经历的能力。(refer to, the ability to)Memory refers to the ability to remember the past events and experiences.●我总是把那支歌同我的学校生活联系起来。(associate with)I always associate that song with my school life.●你难以记住毫无意义的信息。

Information that does not make any sense to you is difficult to remember.●联想旨在将我们要记的与已记住的联系起来。Association refers to associating what we want to remember with what we have already remembered.●将单词分类有利于记忆。

Catagorezing words helps memory

●不用说，如果图书馆的书陈列得毫无章法，读者不可能找到他们所要的书。Needless to say,if the books in the library were kept in a random order,readers could not find the books they wanted.●将信息处理为一幅完整的画面存放在脑海里，可以帮助保持记忆。Forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single memtal picture can help up to preserve a memory.Unit 5

●我们还没有找到一个代替他的人。(substitute for)We haven't found a substitute for him yet.●孩子们很愿意成为像电影中英雄们那样强壮勇敢的人。(be eager to)Children are eager to become as strong and brave as the heroes in films.●他被我们认为是我们当中跑得最快的人。(supposed to)He is supposed to be the fastest runner among us.●有些故事流传很广，而另外一些故事却不是这样。(widespread)Some stories are widespread, while others are not.●事实上，肉和土豆是可以同时吃的。(as a matter of fact)As a matter of fact, meat and potatoes can be eaten together.●人们常把学校看成是一个小社会。(think of„as)People often think of a school as a small society.●第二次世界大战期间的士兵吃了大量的土豆。

The soldiers ate millions of pounds of potatoes during WWII.●有一种错误观念，吃某种动物就可以吸取这种动物的优良品质。One wrong idea was that by eating an animal people could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.●鱼是否为最佳益脑食品有待证明。

It has not yet been proved whether fish is the best brain food.●牛奶含有丰富的蛋白质，许多人用它当早餐。

Milk contains rich protein.Therefore,many people drink it for breakfast.●今天，有不少人对某些食品有错误的认识。

Today many people have wrong ideas about food.Unit 6

●请把你要的东西清理出来并把其余的全扔掉。(sort out)Please sort out what you want and throw away the rest.●这部电梯的价钱比预计的要稍高一些。(somewhat)The price of the lift is somewhat higher than expected.●这些图案十分受青年人欢迎。(be popular with)These designs are very popular with young people.●他不写了，因为他的笔没有墨水了。(run out of)He stopped writing because his pen had run out of ink.●有经验的人能够立即辨别出来哪个是真的。(experienced, immediately)

Experienced people can tell immediately which one is real.●众所周知，钻石是最坚硬的物质。

It is known to all that diamonds are the hardest substance.●今天的大部分钻石不是从河床中发现的，而是从深藏在地下的岩石中开采出来的。

Today most diamonds are not found in stream beds but mined from rock formations deep inside the earth.●钻石刚开采时并不光彩照人。

Diamonds,as they are mined,do not look very expressive.●他干任何事都没有常性。

He never sticks to anything he does.●活火山（active volcano）爆发是一种可怕的自然现象。

The eruption of active vocanoes is a terrible natural phenomenon.Vocabulary Exercises Unit 7

●在现代家庭中父母都挣钱养家。(earn)

In a modern family, parents both earn money for the family.●她是一名教师，而她的哥哥是一名工程师。(while)She is a teacher, while her brother is an engineer.●按传统，中国青年在长大成家之前一直与父母同住。(traditionally, until)

Traditionally, Chinese young people live with their parents until they grow up and marry.●所有的老师都很关心我学习方面的进步。(care for)All the teachers care for my progress in study.●在一些家庭中，父母双方都是既工作又照顾家和孩子。(take care of)In some families, both parents work and take care of the house and children.●这个组分成了两个，因为它太大了。(split)

The group was split up into two because it’s too big.●他们计划扩展他们在这个领域中的研究。(extend)They plan to extend their research in this field.●两年前她同丈夫离了婚。(divorce)She divorced her husband two years ago.●在美国有许多单亲家庭和再婚家庭。

There are many single parent families and remarried families in the USA.●毫无疑问，大家庭通过血缘或婚姻关系组成。

Undoubtedly,the members of an extended family are related by floodor by marriage.●中国的核心家庭往往由父亲、母亲和独生子组成。

The nuclear family in China usually consists of two parents and their only child.●家庭无论对年轻人还是老年人都意味着某种归属。

The family has a sense of belonging for both the young and the old.●大多数人长大成人以后，不愿跟父母一起生活。

Most people are unwilling to live with their parents when they grow up.Vocabulary Exercises Unit 8

●卫星不仅能够传送电视广播，而且能够传送电话。(capable of)Satellites are capable of transmitting not only TV broadcasts but also phone calls.●从理论上讲，每个人都可以受到教育。(theory)In theory, everyone can be educated.●你应该按医生的指导去服这种药。(follow„instructions)

You should follow the doctor's instructions on how to take the medicine.●计算机系统可以同时传送声音和图像。(as well as)

A computer system can transmit sounds as well as pictures at the same time.●是现代技术使我们走向成功。(lead to)It is modern technology that leads us to success.●这个病人应该与其他病人隔离开。(isolate)This patient should be isolated from other patients.●这个士兵表现出勇气和技能。(display)The soldier displayed courage and skills.●他的实验充分证明了那条心理学原理。(demonstrate)His experiment fully demonstrated that psychological principle.●存放在计算机里的信息可以通过卫星传播给用户。

Information stored in computers can be transmitted wia satellite to anyong who can pay for the service.●今天，一颗卫星能同时收送100000多个电话。

Now a satellite is capable of receiving and transmitting 100,000 telephone calls simutaneously.●高新技术对我们即有利又有弊。

The high and new telenology may harm us as well as help us.●为了迎接21世纪，学好计算机很重要。

To greet the 21st century,it is important for us to learn to use computers well.●学习新技术的目的在于应用新技术。

The purpose of learning the new technology is to apply it.Unit 9

●成功属于那些努力工作的人。(apply to)

Success belongs to those who apply themselves to work.●到了那个国家以后，他发现几乎没有什么场合可以说汉语。(occcasion)

After getting to that country, he found there were few occasions to speak Chinese.●相互理解对于友谊是至关重要的。(of„importance to)Mutual understanding is of great importance to friendship.●世界上没有两片完全相同的树叶。(no)

No two leaves are the same in the world.或There are no two same leaves in the world.●我说他们是朋友，并不是指他们什么都分享。(When I say„I do not mean)

When I say they are friends, I don't mean they share everything.●会议涉及贸易和农业。(concern)

The meeting concerns trade and agriculture.●如果形势变坏，可能出现严重问题。(come up)

If the situation becomes worse, serious problems may come up.●我宁愿今天去，不愿意明天去。(rather than)I would rather go today than tomorrow.●汽车是由许多不同的零件构成的。(make up)A car is made up of many different parts.●那个逃跑了的囚犯仍然逍遥法外。(at large)The escaped prisoner is still at large.●普通词汇属于大家。

Popular words belong to the people at large.●另一方面，语言拥有许多学术性的词汇。On the other hand,language includes a large number of “learned” words.●这两类词所具有的气氛大不一样。

The armosphere of the two classes of words is quite different.●有一些词汇是我们长大以后才知道的。

Some words are not known to us until we grow up.●有些普通词汇我们在读书以前就学会了。

Some popular words are known to us before we are able to read.Unit 10

●人类曾好奇为什么鸟会飞，而人不会。(wonder)Man once wondered why birds could fly but he couldn’t.●这个小孩把玩具拆开了，却不知道如何再组装起来。(take apart, put together)

The child took apart the toy, but didn't know how to put it together.●不管发生什么，他们都将完成这个实验。(regardless of, carry out)They'll carry out the experiment regardless of what happens.●虽然她很累，可她仍然乐于助人。(willing to)Though very tired, she was still willing to help others.●我们不应该嘲笑犯错误的人。(laugh at)

We shouldn't laugh at people who make mistakes.●我们决心寻求这些问题的答案。(determined, seek)We are determined to seek the answers to the questions.●根据我们目前的知识, 这一发现可以被认为是可接受的。(in the light of, finding, acceptable)

In the light of our present knowledge, this finding may be regarded as acceptable.●你们应该使自己适应新的环境。(adapt„to)You should adapt yourselves to the new environment.●因果关系原则有利于解决某些科学问题。

The cause-and-effect principle can be used to solve some scientific problems.●科学的快速发展促使许多企业探求新的出路。

The rapid development in science stimulates many enterprises to seek new ways out.●尊重他人的观点也是一种科学态度。

Respect for the views of orders is also a scientific attitude.●思想开放在于能接受新的甚至有时不愿接受的观点。Open-minddedness lies in the ability to accept new and sometimes even disagreeable ideas.●孩子们总是对任何事物都好奇。

Young children are always curious about everything.Vocabulary Exercises Unit 11

●这家商店在邻近地区贴了许多广告。(put up)This shop put up many ads in the neighborhood.●有一些人厌倦了现代化的城市生活而搬到农村去住。(be fed up with)

Some people are fed up with modern city life and move to the country.●我上个星期在公园碰到了我的一位朋友。(run across)I ran across one of my friends in the park last week.●他没带钱，所以他注定会回来的。(be bound to)He took no money with him, so he is bound to come back.●他现在正面临一个十分重要的问题。(be faced with)He is now faced with a very important problem.●所有没用的物品都应扔掉。(get rid of)All the useless things should be got rid of.●我们的责任是去满足人民日益增长的需要。(ever-increasing)Our duty is to meet people's ever-increasing needs.●所有货物的价格都是原来的一半。(be priced at)All the goods are priced at half of their original cost.●这音乐实在使我感到厌烦。(turn„off)The music really turns me off.●他在这本书里清楚地列出了他的观点。(set out)He set out his ideas clearly in this book.●逛早市已成为许多北京人的习惯。

Many people in Peking have made morning shopping a hobby.●我在一家旧货店无意中碰到了他早年的作品。

I ran across his earlier works in a second-hand store.●你根本想不到有人会买别人不再想要的东西。

You wouldn't believe that someone will buy someone else's castoffs.●不久前他提出了一个切实可行的计划。

Not long age,he put up a practicable plan.●我们肯定会赢得这场战斗。We are bound to win battle.Unit 12

●人们普遍认为语言是不断发展和变化的。(It is widely believed„)It is widely believed that languages are always developing and changing.●她被认为是城里最好的医生。(be regarded as)She is regarded as the best doctor of the town.●这些书在图书馆里是按照作者名字的顺序摆放的。(according to)These books are displayed in the library according to the order of the authors' names.●这些孩子们受其父母的影响很深。(influence)The children are deeply influenced by their parents.●他们对我的结论的真实性提出质疑。(dispute)They disputed the truthfulness of my conclusion.●这孩子是在一个偏远的山村中长大的。(bring up)The child was brought up in a remote mountain village.●当你遇到生字时，并不总需要查字典.(look up)

When you run across a new word, you needn’t always look it up in a dictionary.●你一旦染上了坏习惯，就很难除掉。(get into)Once you get into a bad habit, it is hard to get rid of.●就我知识所及，鱼是最好的补脑的食物这种看法不是荒谬的。(to the best of)

To the best of my knowledge, it is not foolish that fish is the best brain food.●一本好字典应定期增补新内容。

A good dictionary should give new uses to old words regularly.●字典中每个词条的编撰均以某一原则为基础。

The writing and compiling of every entry in dictionary is based on a certain principle.●编字典的工作是从阅读大量材料做读书卡开始的。The task of writing a dictionary begins with the reading of vast amounts of literature and making cards.●并不是所有的字典都有权威性。

Not all dictionaries have authority.●我曾经在与一个英国人对一个词的发音发生争执后，提出查字典。I once got into a dispute with an Englishman over the pronunciation of a word and offered to look it up in the dictionary.Unit 13

●当陌生人站在你家门前时，你应该有所提防。(be on guard)You should be on guard when a stranger stands at your door.●事实上，我们找这本书的时间跟读这本书的时间差不多。(in effect)In effect, we spent almost as much time looking for this book as reading it.●她的信使我想起了我们曾一起度过的好时光。(remind)Her letter reminded me of the happy time we spent together.●除了少数专业保险人员外，大多数人不完全了解保险是什么。(professional)

Most people but a few insurance professionals don't fully understand what insurance is.●这个方法是经过验证的，他仍然是行之有效的。(proven, effective)This method has been proven and it’s still effective.●他充其量不过能做去年的一半那么多。(at best)At best he can do half of what he did last year.●我突然想起来他已经两个月没交所得税了。(occur)It occurs to me that he hasn't paid income tax for two months.●他在这所学院主修发动机工艺。(major)He majors in engine technology in this college.●保险提醒我们生活在一个不安全的世界。

Insurance reminds us that we live in an unsafe world.●人们不乐意讨论保险的理由有三个。

There are three reasons why people are unwilling to discuss insurance.●买保险并不能完全领先保险代理人。

We should not depend entirely on the agent when buy insurance.●尽管意外、疾病和死亡都是一些令人不愉快的话题，但我们应该面对它们。

Although accident,illness,and death are not pleasant subjects,we should face them.●一个美国人每年为健康保险支付达二千美元。

An American pays as much as $ 2,000 for health insurance every year.Unit 14

●他在听那场长而无聊的报告时睡着了。(fall asleep)

He fell asleep when he was listening to the long and boring report.●他们甚至没有意识到这是一种好习惯。(aware)They are not even aware that this is not a good habit.●我们应该学会尊重对方，避免摩擦或冲突。(friction, conflict)We should learn to respect others to avoid friction or conflict.●他们发誓不管发生什么，他们都会完成这项工作。(swear)They swear that they will finish the work whatever happens.●那些不懂礼貌的人迟早要为此付出代价。(sooner or later, pay the price)

Those who don’t understand manners will pay the price sooner or later.●我不渴。请不必费心为我泡茶。(bother)

I'm not thirsty.Please don't bother to make tea for me.●他对工作的态度深深地打动了我。(impress)I'm deeply impressed by his attitude to work.●他们并没有意识到这种行为会干扰他人。

They are not aware that such behavior will bother other.●在公共场所应注意自己的言谈举止。Behave yourself in public places.●好习惯是从小养成的。

Good habits are formed from early childhood.●不遵守公众准则就无法与人交际。

We cannot interact with others without some social rules of behavior.●良好的态度有助于事业的成功。

Good manners help you succeed in your career.Unit 15

●和谈对两国的关系有着持久的影响。(have„effect on)

Peace talks have a long-lasting effect on the relationship between the two countries.●假若健康情况良好，我希望今年完成这项工作。(given)Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year.●我必须指出不犯错误是不现实的。(point out)

I must point out that it’s unrealistic not to make mistakes.●许多年轻人对足球很狂热。(crazy about)Many young people are crazy about football.●我认为你的计划很好，可是有没有别的计划取代它呢？(alternative)I think your plan is very good, but are there any other alternatives?●我们应该学会分辨是非。(distinguish„from)We should learn to distinguish right from wrong.●你可以对这个术语作多种解释。(interpret)You can interpret the term in many ways.●他对这件事采取坚定的态度。(adopt)He adopted a firm attitude to this matter.● 母亲的话暗示孩子们每星期可看两次电视。(imply)

Mother's words imply that children may watch TV twice a week.10 他的工作是监听某一外国的无线电广播。(monitor)His job is to monitor a foreign broadcast.●暴力电影对学龄前儿童影响很大。

Violence films have a great effect on preschool children.●家长应该监控孩子看电视的总量和种类。

Parents should monitor the amount as well as the kind of television their children watch.●学龄前儿童还不能完全辨别事实与幻想。Preschool children are not yet fully able to distinguish fantasy from reality.●孩子看电视时最好有家长在旁边指导。When a child is watching television,the parents had better guide by his side.●事实证明，暴力电视节目对儿童的成长有不良影响。

It has been proven that violence television programs have bad effects on the development of children.Unit 16

●在过去的二十年中，中国一直高速向前发展。(at„speed)China has been developing at a high speed in the past 20 years.●技术进步使人们生活得更舒适愉快。(technological advance, enable)Technological advances enable people to live more happily and comfortably.●毫无疑问，人们越来越重视身体健康。(there is no doubt that)There is no doubt that people are paying more and more attention to their health.●人们常鼓励孩子们去想象而不是去模仿。(encourage)People often encourage children to imagine rather than imitate.●我们必须依靠自己的努力去把科研成果转变成生产力。(rely on)We must rely on our own efforts to turn the research findings into productivity.●由于做了认真的准备，心脏手术进行得很成功。(as a result of)As a result of careful preparation, the heart surgery was successfully performed.●学生们从他的讲课中受益匪浅。(benefit from)The students benefit a lot from his lessons.●谁应对这次行动负全部责任？(take„responsibility for)Who should take full responsibility for the action?●越来越多的人认识到预防心脏病比治疗心脏病更重要。

More and more people are realizing that the prevention of heart disease is more important than its treatment.●毫无疑问，许多患者已得利于经常进行散步、跑步、游泳等运动。There is no doubt that many patients have benefited from regular exercise like walking, running, swimming and so on.●强调治疗显然与近十多年来的高科技发展有联系。

The emphasis on treatment is clearly associated with the technological advances that have taken place in the past ten years.●最近的研究成果表明，压力、抽烟、缺乏锻炼是导致心脏病的主要原因。

Recent researches have found that stress,smoking and a lack of exercise are the main factors causing heart discase.●据联邦政府报道，心脏手术的成功率不高。

According to the federal goverment report,the chances of success in heart surgery were low.Unit 17

●这些天他常遭受头痛的困扰。(suffer from)He is suffering from a headache these days.●现在已经有许多种关于这种病的起因的解释。(as to)

There have been a lot of explanations as to the causes of the disease.●研究表明，大量饮酒和吸烟的人更容易患心脏病。(suffer)Studies show that people who drink and smoke a lot are more likely to suffer heart attacks.●一些不良的生活习惯会威胁人的身体健康。(endanger)Some bad living habits may endanger a person's health.●寻求心理帮助对于某些病人来说是十分必要的。(to seek psychological help)

It is very necessary for some patients to seek psychological help.● 到目前为止，还不能排除地震的可能性。(as yet)As yet, we can't rule out the chance of an earthquake.●地板太薄承受不了机器的重量。(bear)

The floor is too thin to bear the weight of the machine.● 有关签订协议的消息尚未得到证实。(confirm)

The news about signing the agreement hasn’t been confirmed.●无休止的争论最终打乱了我们的计划。(eventually, disrupt)The endless dispute eventually disrupted our plan.● 那位作者的名字在这篇文章里提到好几次。(mention)The author's name was mentioned several times in this article.●恐慌症的发作可能延续几分钟或几小时。

Panic attacks may last only a few minutes or several hours.●心脏病发作有可能直接危及患者的生命安全。

Heart attack may directly endanger a patient's life.●年龄、性别及多种症状是区别恐慌症发作与心绞痛发作的三大要素。

Age,sex,and the multiplicity of symptoms are three signs which indicate a person's suffering from a panic attack or a heart attack.●对引起恐慌症发作的原因说法不一，但在两点上有类似之处。There are a lot of explanations as to the causes of panic attacks,but two of them are generally agreed upon.●恐慌症发作的症状与心脏病发作的症状很相似，以致许多患者认为他们有心脏病。

The symptoms of panic attacks bear such remarkable similarity to those of heart attacks that many victims believe that they have a heart attack.Unit 18

●直到半夜才发现孩子们并不在他们的卧室里。(not until)It was not until midnight that the children were found not in their bedroom.● 我们的结论基于全部可获得的知识，而不是基于猜测和想象。(rather than)

Our conclusion is based on all available knowledge rather than guess or imagination.●她以故事的形式把她的过去讲给我们听。(in the form of)She told us her past in the form of a story.● 他的统计根本不准确。(far from)His stats are far from right.●根据安排，我们今天将参观颐和园。(in accordance with)

In accordance with the arrangement, we'll visit the Summer Palace today.● 你可以充分信赖他的许诺。(place„reliance on)You can place full reliance on his promise.●他的观点仅供你参考。(reference)

His point of view is only for your reference.●这两年中他们进行了多项科学试验。(attempt)

They have attempted many scientific experiments in the past two years.●直到读了你的报告我才了解到事实的真相。

It was not until I read your report that I learned the truth.●货物会按照你提出的要求寄去。

The good will be sent to you in accordance with your requirements.●中世纪欧洲教会严重阻碍了科学的发展。

In the Middle Ages,European Church interfered seriously with the advance of science.●今天人们难以想像地图的上方不是北方。

Today it is hard to visualize a map that does not feature north at the top.●他朝着北极星的方向匆匆地驶去。

He was driving hurriedly in the direction of the Pole Star.Unit 19

●他发现要赶上物理学的进展很难。(keep pace with)He finds it hard to keep pace with the progress of physics.●现在，中国可以与世界上大多数国家竞争。(compete with)China can now compete with most countries in the world.●只要我们努力，就完全有可能做得更好。(there is every likelihood that„)

There is every likelihood that we'll do better as long as we try.●越来越多的人开始关心我们的自然环境。(be concerned about)More and more people begin to be concerned about our natural environment.●这艘战舰装备了核武器。(be armed with)The warship is armed with nuclear weapons.●如果你不泄露给任何人，我就告诉你实情。(provided)I'll tell you the truth provided you don't tell it to anyone.●我们非常高兴他这次心脏病发作后能活下来。(survive)We're very glad that he has survived his heart attack.1●老虎在我国灭绝的危险不容忽视。(ignore)

The danger that tigers may be extinct in our country can’t be ignored.●动物生长的自然环境一直在恶化。

The natural evrironments in which animals live has been worsening.●狩猎者狩猎往往出于个人目的，没有考虑大家的生存环境。

Hunters hunt for their own purpose, regardless of the public living environment.●如果没有自然保护区，很有可能更多的动物将要灭绝。

There is every likelihood that more animals would be made extinct without natural reserves.●自然环境正在急剧变化的例子不胜枚举。

Countless examples can be given to show that natural environments are being rapidly changed.●创建野生动物保护区是保护动物的另一有效措施。

To create the wildlife reserves is another effective way to protect animals.Unit 20

●这些商品的价格从几美元到数百美元不等。(range from)

The prices of the goods range from several dollars to hundreds of dollars.●除了你要的苹果之外，我还给你买了些橘子。(in addition to)I bought some oranges for you in addition to the apples you want.●他的外国朋友已经习惯在中国的生活了。(become used to)His foreign friend has become used to the life in China.●美国人用餐时先喝汤，最后吃水果。(end up with)At meals, Americans start with soup and end up with fruits.●房子外面有一个陌生人。我已经注意他好一会儿了。(keep an eye on„)

Outside the house is a stranger.I have kept an eye on him for a while.●请带把伞以防下雨。(in case)

Please take an umbrella in case it rains.●你能容忍这种骗局吗？(tolerate 或tolerant of)

Can you tolerate such a fraud？或Are you tolerant of such a fraud?●庄稼正受到持续干旱天气的威胁。(threaten)The crops are being threatened by a long drought.●公司以切断供水来威胁居民。(threaten)

The company threatened the residents with cutting off water supply.●他不在乎价格，只要质量最好就行。(care about, so long as)He doesn't care about the price so long as the quality is good.●这是不是意味着我们社会的大多数人都必须进监狱？

Does that mean most members of our society should go to jail? ●现实生活比电视里描述的复杂得多。

Real life is much more complex than the description on the TV.●尽管有些行为没有伤害他人，但是伤害了我们的社会。

Although some behavious don't hurt anyone,they hurt our society.●警察决不可能监视每一个公民，但每一个公民应该自觉遵守法律。The police would never be able to keep an eye on everyone,but everyone should respect the law consciously.●诚实来自于社会压力，同时有利于社会安定。

Honesty comes from social pressure,and it keeps the stability of the society at the same time.Unit 21

●我们的战士知道如何牵制敌人。(pin down)Our soldiers know how to pin down the enemy.●他常将自己和班上的其他同学相比较。(compare„with)He often compares himself with the others in his class.●与其说他是个歌手，倒不如说他是个做曲家。(not so much„as)He is not so much a singer as a composer.●经理不在时，谁来代替他？(in place of)

Who will be in place of the manager when he is away?

●在两小时内把试卷做完对汤姆来说是办不到的。(It is out of the question for„to)

It is out of the question for Tom to finish the test paper in two hours.●我们的日常用语中有相当一部分是不确定词。

A number of imprecise words are in our everyday speech.●“几个”在不同的场合有不同的含义。

The word “several” denotes different meanings in different occasions.●年龄也影响人们对不确定词含义的理解。

The understanding of imprecise words is also affected by age.●实验表明，比例随着年龄的增长而有规律地增加。

The experiment shows that the ration increase systematically with age.●胖瘦高矮同样是不确定词。

Words like fat, thin, tall, and short are also the words of uncertainty.Unit 22

●他留出半个小时让我们提问题。(set aside)He set aside half an hour for us to ask questions.●进一步的研究使我们确信这个结果是正确的。(assure„that„)Further study assured us that the result was correct.●这位著名的作家正忙着写一部小说。(be engaged in)The famous writer is engaged in writing a novel.●这场水灾是那场大雨引起的。(reason for)The heavy rain is the reason for the flood.●这个年轻人有能力找到解决这个问题的正确方法。(capable of, approach to)

The young man is capable of finding a right approach to the problem.●有人认为体育锻炼完全是浪费时间。

Some people think that the fitness programs are totally a waste of time.●我知道锻炼很重要，可是我没有锻炼设施，家人也不支持我。I know exercise is very important,but I have no facilities and I don't get any support from my family.●最佳的身体状况可以增强你对事业的信心。

Top physical condition may increase your confidence in your career.●尽管身体健康不一定保证你长寿，但有助于你享受生活。

Although physical fitness will not guarantee that you will live longer,it can help you enjoy your life.●不管赞成还是反对，参加体育锻炼有益于健康。

Pro or con;a fitness program is helpful to your health.Unit 23

●他因缺钱而窘困。(embarrass)He is embarrassed for lake of money.●他对这个消息有什么反应？(reaction)What is his reaction to the news?

●在解放军战士的帮助下，火势很快就被控制住了。(bring under control)

With the help of the PLA men, the fire was soon brought under control.●他的讲话赢得了听众的赞许。(approval)His speech won the listeners’ approval.●不要乱动我的录音机。(fiddle with)Don't fiddle with my radio.●一个人的好恶可随环境变化。(likes and dislikes)One's likes and dislikes may change with the environment.●他对她缺乏耐心表示不满。(frown at)He frowned at her lack of patience.●身体语言不用词语表达。

Body language does not use words to express.●无论是西方人还是东方人，对某些身体语言都有同样的理解。Both Easterners and Westerners have the same understanding of a certain of body language signals.●身体语言与文化紧密相连。

Body language is closely connected with culture.●在交流中，对手势或表情的含义的误解往往会引起尴尬。

Misunderstanding of gestures and facial expressions may cause embarrassment in communication.●在许多国家，点头表示赞成，摇头表示反对。

In many countries, nodding indicates approval and shaking the head means disapproval.Unit 24

●我们应当加倍努力，以加速社会主义建设。(double, speed up)We should double our efforts to speed up the socialist construction.● 该国领导人的访问非常有助于两国的相互了解。(contribute to)The visit of the country's leader contributed much to the mutual understanding between the two countries.●由于双方没有达成协议，会谈只得被取消。(cancel)

The talk had to be canceled because both sides reached no agreement.●在危险面前，他们表现出极大的勇气。(in the face of)In the face of danger, they showed great courage.●最后的但并不是最不重要的一点，我们必须找到和平解决问题的方法。(Last but not least, solution to)

Last but not least, we must find a peaceful solution to the problem.●他的成功不是靠运气，而是靠能力。(owe to)His success doesn’t owe to luck but to his ability.●很多英语词源自法语。(derive from)Many English words derive from French.●两千多种热带雨林植物对治癌有益。

More than 2,000 rainforest plants that can be beneficial in curing cancer.●大量热带雨林植物的毁灭必然破坏生态平衡。

Destruction of large areas of rainforests will undermine the ecological balance.●地处热带雨林的国家大都贫穷，人口过剩。

Most countries in which the rainforests are located are quite poor and overpopulated.●解决这一问题的一种办法是取消他们的国际债务。

One solution to this problem would be to cancel their international debts.●富裕国家应尽量使用再生纸，以减少对木材的需求。

Rich countries should use more recycled papre to reduce the demand for wood.Unit 25

●诚实是儿童的特点。(characteristic of)Honesty is characteristic of children.●父亲不同意女儿嫁给那个贫穷的小伙子。(disapprove of)The father disapproved of his daughter marrying that poor guy.●需要是发明之母。(necessity)Necessity is the mother of invention.●史密斯回故乡，除了做其它事以外，是为了看看他的母亲。(among other things)

Smith went back to his hometown, among other things, to see his mother.●他们一点也不理解这条原理。(not in the least)They didn't understand the principle in the least.●关于价格，我们认为它太高了。(with regard to)With regard to the price, we think it is too high.●爱哭往往被认为是女性的特征。

Crying is usually considered characteristic of the female.●男人不哭并不是说他们不会哭。

Men don't cry, but it's not that they are unable to cry.●在整个生机勃勃的自然界，只有人类哭泣时会流泪。

In the whole animated nature,only the human species shed tears when they cry.●不一定想哭就必须哭，但必须想哭时应该能哭。

It is unnecessary to cry whenever one wants to cry, but one should be able to cry when one ought to cry.●从小训练男孩不哭并不可取。

It is not good to train boys not to cry when they are small.语法

一、动词时态 一般现在时：write(s)；一般过去时：wrote；一般将来时：shall/will write；过去将来时：should/would write；现在进行时：am/is/are writing；过去进行时：was/were writing；将来进行时：shall/will be writing；现在完成时：have/has written；过去完成时：had written；将来完成时：shall/will have written；现在完成进行时：have/has been writing；过去完成进行时：had been writing。

二、被动语态

一般现在时：is/am/are given；一般过去时：was/were given；一般将来时：will/shall be given；一般过去将来时：would/should be given；现在进行时：is/am/are being given；过去进行时：was/were being given；现在完成时：has/have been given；过去完成时：had been given。

三、构词法

构成名词常用后缀：er,or,ist,ee,ian,ese,ant等用于构成表示人或物的名称；ance,ence,tion,ics,ing,ity,ment,ness,th,th,ure,ship等用于构成表示行为、性质、状态等的抽象名词 构成形容词常用后缀：

able,ible,al,ful,less,ish,ive,ous,an,ic,ly,y,ant,ent,ary,en等 构成副词常用后缀：ly，ward，wise等 构成动词常用后缀：ise(ize)，en，ify等

表示相反意义前缀：un，dis，in，im，ir，il，de等

表示其他意思前缀：re(重新)，mis(错误地)，anti（反、防），ex(前)，pre(预先)，post(后的)，fore(先的)，self(自我的、自动的)，super(超级、上层)，sub(下面的)，inter(之间的、互相)，trans(跨越、移)，ultra(外、极)，semi(半)，vice(副)，uni(单)，bi(双)，multi(多)，auto(自)。

四、不定式

1、有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语：

want,like,wish,hate,hope,continue,manage,try,offer,start,begin,forget,promise,mean,pretend,intend,decide,learn,desire,agree,care,choose,expect,refuse,fail,plan等。

2、有些及物动词的宾语后常有不定式作宾补：ask，tell，invite，force，get，allow，wish，want，like，hate，help，leave，expect，prefer，encourage，advise，persuade，permit，remind，request，order，warn，mean，cause等。

3、有些及物动词的复合宾语中作宾补的不定式不带to：mak，let，see，hear，watch，notice，feel等。

五、分词

1、动名词和不定式都可以作主语或表语：在表示比较抽象的一般行为时多用动名词，表示具体某次动作或将来发生的动作时，多用不定式。

2、以下及物动词及短语动词常用动名词作宾语：avoid，finish，suggest，stop，mind，enjoy，require，postpone，delay,practice，excuse，risk，consider，miss，imagine，deny，escape，put off，give up，keep on，can’t help等。

第二篇：翻译练习+答案

翻译练习

1．我们必须不断学习，这样才能与时俱进。(so that)

2．意大利足球队非常强调团队精神，这是他们赢得世界杯的关键。(1ay emphasis on)

3．她不声不响离家出走，使她的父母心烦意乱。(without)

4．小男孩对展览会上的那辆汽车很着迷。(fascinate)

5．使刘翔迷们感到兴奋的是，刘翔在瑞士洛桑创造了12秒88的男子110米栏的世界纪录。(To„)

1.We should/ must continue to learn more so that we can keep pace/up with the development of times.2.The Italian Football Team laid great emphasis on team spirit, which was the key to winning the World Cup.3.Her leaving home without saying a word upset her parents.4.The little boy was fascinated by the car on the exhibition.5.To his fan’s excitement, Liu Xiang set a new world record of 12.88 seconds in the men’s 110-metre hurdles in Lausanne, Switzerland.我最后一次看见杰克的时候，他一个人在街上走。(The last time)

7．几乎每一个人都承认犯罪不可能被彻底消灭。(the fact，wipe out)

8．如果公众失去了对这家公司的信任，那么他们的销售会下降得很快。(1ost trust)

9．给我印象最深的是磁悬浮列车的速度是多么的快啊。(impress，magnetic suspension train)

10．我爸爸不愿用新手机来替换他那只磨损不堪的老手机。(substitute)

6.The last time I saw Jack, he was walking down the street alone.7.Almost everyone accepts the fact that crime can never be wiped put entirely.8.If the public lose trust in the company, sales will fall sharply.9.What impressed me most is how fast the speed of a magnetic suspension train is.10.My father isn’t willing to substitute the new cell phone for his worn-out one.11．尽管天气很寒冷，学生们还是在6点正准时出操。(Despite)

12．每个人，不管是年轻人还是老年人都应铭记“骄者必败”。(keep)

13．虽然他们是好朋友，但他不愿意帮助修理电脑。(reluctant)

14．那位脸色苍白的妇女站在大楼顶上，这使在场的人都很担心。(at the top of)

15．他必定是这次竞赛中最可能获奖的学生。(likely)

11.Despite the cold weather, the students did morning exercises at 6 o’clock sharp.12.Everyone, young or old, must keep in mind that pride goes before a fall.13.Though they are close friends, he is reluctant to help fix the computer.14.At the top of the building stood a woman whose face was pale, which frightened everyone on the scene.15.He is sure to be the most likely student to win the prize in the competition.16在我陷于困境时，对于你的帮助我表示万分感激。(grateful)

17．这所学校在艺术教育方面建立了很好的声誉。(reputation)

18．她放弃了这次机会仅仅是因为缺少足够的钱。(1ack)

19．这个到2009年末完成的项目将使我们在半个小时内就能到达杭州。(不定式)

20．那男孩是如此的调皮，他奶奶对他束手无策。(so„that)

16.I’m deeply grateful to you for your help, when I was in trouble.17.The school has built up a good reputation in art education.18.She gave up the chance merely because of her lacking enough money.19.The project to be accomplished by the end of 2009 will enable us to reach Hangzhou in 30 minutes.20.The boy was so naughty that his grandmother didn’t know how to deal with him.21．你说的也就是我所想的。(what)

22．不管他父亲是否同意，他将选择教师作为他的职业。(whether)

23．根据他提供的线索，警察很快抓到了逃犯。(according)

24．当你们到达那里时，你们会知道他发生了什么事。(the moment)

25．不要把今天的事留到明天做。(名词性从句)

39.may just as well stay at home

40.stain the new carpet

41.didn??t do anything

42.play indispensable roles

43.Even so

44.are being developed

45.remembering all my life

46.lose contact with

47.second only to

48.such fine weather

49.have never resorted to

50.not to speak of/not to mention/let alone going abroad

51.delaying making

52.should adapt himself to

53.to hearing your story again

54.is now being turned

55.Could you take a blank sheet of paper?

第三篇：“王顾左右而言他”复习练习题目答案

《王顾左右而言他》复习练习

一、注释：1.有托其妻子于其友而之楚游者 _________ ___________ __________2.比其反也 ______________ ____________3.则冻馁其妻子 ___________4.弃之 ______________5.士师不能治士 _____________6.王顾左右而言他 ________ __________

二、翻译句子：1.王之臣，有托其妻子于其友而之楚游者。____________________________________________________________________

2、王顾左右而言他。_____________________________________________________________________

3、比其反也，则冻馁其妻子，则如之何？

4、士师不能治士，则如之何？

5、四境之内不治，则如之何？

三、文章理解：1.王为何“顾左右而言他”？_____________________________________________________________________2.孟子这么说的目的是什么？_____________________________________________________________________ 3.你认为孟子达到目的了吗？为什么？

4、面对孟子第三次发问，齐宣王为何“顾左右而言他”？

5、用自己的话说说“顾左右而言他”的含义：

6、文中“王顾左右而言他”的原因是什么？

7、孟子提出了三个问题，分别从、、三个角度设问，从中可以看出孟子是一个 的人。

8、齐宣王在回答孟子问题时，前后的变化是

.变化原因是

9、孟子发议论先从替朋友照料家眷的事说起，这种先从具体事例来说理的好处是：

10、本文用了 的手法，前面提及的两件事他们的共同特点是 答案：

1、托付；妻子和孩子；到。。去。（前往）

2、等到；同“返”返回。

3、使„„受冻挨饿。

4、抛弃（断交）

5、治理

6、回头看，环顾；身边的人（周围的大臣）

1、大王的臣子中，有个人将他的妻子儿女托付给他的朋友后到楚国去游历。

2、君环顾身边的大臣，说其他的事情了。

3、他回来，却（发现）他的妻子子女在受冻挨饿，那么，对这样的朋友该怎么办？

4、假如管理刑法的长官不能管理他的下属，那么该怎么办？

5、假如一个国家治理得很不好，那么该怎么办？ 文章理解：1.面对孟子的层层进逼，作为独断专行的一国之君齐宣王无力招架，又不愿轻易放弃自己的权利，所以只能扯开话题，应急缓解了尴尬。2.孟子运用类比推理的方法，劝诫统治者要尽职尽责，治理好国家。3.孟子在辩论上是赢了，但是他的目的却没有达到。从“王顾左右而言他”一句可以看出齐王根本没有采纳孟子的建议。

4、齐宣王没有把国家治理好，他应该承担责任。所以，他不敢也不愿回答孟子的问题，只好转移话题。

5、指离开话题，回避难以答复的问题。

6、齐宣王知道自己的短处被揭，无言以对。

7、朋友的委托、士师管理下属、国君治理国家；善于设问，敢于批评时政的人

8、前面回答非常干脆，似不加思考，回答第三个问题时采取避而不答的对策，并转移话题。；变化原因是因为明白孟子问题是针对自己而来的，所以转移了话题，不作回答。

9、好处是：能够让读者直观地了解，并通过具体地事例明了作者的观点。

第四篇：CET46 翻译练习1答案

孔子（Confucius）是春秋时期（the Spring and Autumn Period）的大思想家、大教育家和儒 家学派（Confucianism）的创始人，是古代中国人心目中的圣人。孔子的言论和生平活动记 录在由他的弟子或再传弟子编成的《论语》（The Analects）一书中。《论语》是中国古代 文化的经典著作。在孔子之后几千年的中国历史上，没有哪一位思想家、文学家和政治家不 受《论语》的影响。不研究《论语》，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。

As a great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism during the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius is a sage to the ancient Chinese people.His words and life story were recorded by his disciples and their students in The Analects.As an enduring classic of Chinese culture, The

Analects has influenced all thinkers, writers and politicians in the thousand years’ Chinese history after Confucius.No scholar could truly understand this long-standing culture or the inner world of the ancient Chinese without this book.2

大约在两千多年前，中国就出现了蜡染（wax printing）。在中国服饰中，蜡染是一种流传 时间长、流行范围大、使用领域广的服装工艺。蜡染是在布匹着色的过程中，以蜂蜡（beeswax）作为防止染色的材料。蜂蜡干了之后，会产生一些裂纹，这些裂纹在染色过程中渗透进靛蓝 色，于是形成了如冰花式样的美妙纹理。这样自然天成的纹理可以说是蜡染的灵魂所在。

Wax printing appeared in China about 2,000 years ago.Wax printing has long been a widespread technique used in the history of Chinese fashion.During the dyeing process, beeswax is applied to prevent some parts of the cloth form being dyed.When the beeswax dries, it develops cracks, which absorb indigo in the process of dyeing, thus forming the beautiful natural lines resembling breaking ice.These naturally formed lines represent the beauty and soul of wax printing.3

景泰蓝（cloisonné）是驰名中外的传统工艺，它集青铜艺术、瓷器和雕刻诸种工艺制作技巧 于一身，是一门地道的北京绝活。它是收藏家收藏的佳品，也是人们居家使用的精美物品。这项工艺始创于明代景泰年间，初创时的颜色主要是蓝色，故得名“景泰蓝”。到了成化年 间，景泰蓝技术进一步成熟，这个时期的作品沉稳凝重又透明灵动，而且铜胎也极为讲究。

Cloisonné is a traditional art widely known in and outside China.It is a kind of superb local expertise form of Beijing, which combines the skills of bronze art, porcelain, carving and other types of folk arts.It is deemed valuable in the eyes of collectors, as well as refined ornaments for daily use.The making of cloisonné first appeared during the Jingtai reign of the Ming Dynasty, with the main colour used being blue, hence the name “Jingtai Blue” as it became known later on.By the time of the Chenghua reign, the techniques for making cloisonné were further developed, with products of this period looking heavy and dignified yet not lacking in eloquence or vividness.Moreover, its cast was always made of choice copper.4

西塘在浙江嘉兴，位于上海和杭州之间。这个占地规模并不大的古镇有着悠久的历史，它初 建于春秋时期（the Spring and Autumn Period），位于吴国和越国的交界处。西塘的大致规 模在宋代之前就已经形成，今所见西塘著名的桥梁望仙桥（Wangxian Bridge）就是宋代的 遗迹。在明清时期，西塘既是远近闻名的鱼米之乡，又是著名的丝绸制造之地，还以制陶业（ceramics）而享誉全国。

Xitang is located in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, between Shanghai and Hangzhou.Though small in size, this ancient town boasts a long history.It was first built during the Spring and Autumn Period, at the border between the states of Wu and Yue.The present layout had already taken shape before the Song Dynasty, and the famous Wangxian Bridge in Xitang is a legacy of the Song.By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Xitang had become a well-known trade centre for farm products, silks and ceramics, all produced in the surrounding areas and famous throughout the country.5

秧歌舞（Yangko dance）是中国汉族的一种传统民间舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者 通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作迅速有力。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上观看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳舞来保持健康，同时他们也 乐在其中。

The Yangko dance is a traditional folk dance of the Han Chinese, commonly performed in the northern provinces.Yangko dancers usually wear bright and colorful costumes, and their

movements are vigorous and quick.During holidays, such as the lunar New Year and the Lantern Festival, as soon as people hear the sound of drums and gongs they swarm into the streets to watch Yangko dance performances, no matter how cold it is outside.In recent years, elderly people in some cities in Northeast China have been organizing themselves into Yangko teams, with the dancers enjoying themselves while keeping fit all year round.6

中国的青铜器时代（Bronze Age）从夏开始，经历商、西周到春秋时期（the Spring and Autumn Period），前后持续了一千五百多年的时间。大量出土的青铜器物表明，中国创造了灿烂的 青铜文明。这些青铜器物不仅有丰富的政治和宗教内涵，而且还具有很高的艺术价值。今藏 于中国历史博物馆的大盂鼎（the Great Ding for Yu）是中国青铜器时代的代表性作品之一。它是西周康王（King Kang）时期的作品，距今大约有三千多年。

The Bronze Age in China lasted more than 1,500 years, from the Xia through the Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties, to the Spring and Autumn Period.Large numbers of unearthed artifacts indicate a high level of ancient bronze civilization in the country.They feature rich political and religious themes, and are of high artistic value.A representative example is the Great Ding for Yu, which is now preserved in the Museum of Chinese History.It was cast about 3,000 years ago during the reign of King Kang of Western Zhou Dynasty.7

1911年，中国爆发了历史上的第一次资产阶级革命——辛亥革命（the Revolution of 1911），它推翻了中国封建社会的最后一个朝代——清朝，废除了中国延续了2000多年的封建帝制，建立了中国的第一个民主共和国——中华民国。民国政府成立以后，要求全国人民都剪掉头 上的辫子（queues），选择自己喜欢的发型。至此，在中国延续了280多年的辫子法令终于 被解除。

In 1911, the first bourgeois revolution in Chinese history — the Revolution of 1911 broke out.The last dynasty of the Chinese feudal society, Qing Dynasty, was over-thrown and the monarch system that had a history of more than 2,000 years was abolished.The Republic of China, the first democratic republic in China, was founded in 1912.After its foundation, the government of Republic of China had required the citizens to cut off their queues and make the haircut they liked.Since then, the wearing-queue order that had lasted for more than 280 years in China has been abolished.8

出现在中国五代时期的妇女缠足（foot-binding），虽然最初是宫廷舞女为了方便跳舞而采用 的一种行为，但由于有人认为脚裹起来更好看，所有很多人就开始效仿起来。到了宋代，封 建社会的纲常思想非常严重，受到男尊女卑的封建礼教的影响，女子裹脚的风气被传承下来，并逐渐成为一种习俗。为了与妇女的小脚相适应，宋代还出现了专门为裹足妇女制作的弓鞋（gongxie）。

The practice of foot-binding for women appeared in the Five Dynasties, but in the beginning, it was only adopted by the court dancers for convenience while dancing.Since people thought the foot-binding made women’s feet look more beautiful, many females rushed to follow suit.By the Song Dynasty, due to the importance of feudal ethical thoughts and influence of the feudal male superiority conception, the practice of foot-binding was inherited and became a custom.In the Song Dynasty, to meet the needs of women’s small feet, a kind of specially designed shoes gongxie was made.9

据中国古代史书记载，治水有功的大禹通过禅让制接替舜成为部落联盟首领。但大禹死后，他的儿子夏启却破坏禅让的传统，自立为国王，建立了中国历史上第一个奴隶制国家——夏。从此，王位实行世袭制度，中国社会从此步入阶级社会。夏代处在中国社会从原始社会向奴 隶社会过渡的时期，社会生活的各个方面依然保存着原始社会的种种痕迹。

According to the Chinese ancient documents, the legendary leader Shun abdicated and handed over his leadership to Da Yu who had made great contribution to controlling the flood of the

Yellow River of China.When Da Yu died, his son Xia Qi breached the tradition of demise system and set himself as the king.Xia, the first slavery nation in Chinese history, was founded.Since then, the hereditary system had been practiced.Thus, China stepped into a class society.The Xia Dynasty was a transition from primitive society to slave society.At that time, all aspects of social life still reserved traces of primitive society.10

北京烤鸭是自封建帝王时代就在北京城流行的著名菜肴，如今它被认为是中国的一道国菜。这道菜以它薄而脆的酥皮，以及厨师们在客人面前片鸭子的真实情形而著称。专门用于制作 烤鸭的鸭子在养殖65天后就被屠宰了，鸭子在烤制前要先用调料腌制（season），然后才送 进焖炉或者挂炉。鸭肉通常配上葱（scallion）、黄瓜和甜面酱，用薄饼卷着食用。

Peking duck is a famous duck dish that has been popular since the imperial era in Beijing, and is now considered a national dish of China.The dish is prized for the thin, crisp skin with authentic vision of the dish serving sliced in front of the diners by the cook.Ducks bred specially for the dish are slaughtered after 65 days and seasoned before being roasted in a closed or hung oven.The meat is usually eaten with pancakes, scallion, cucumbers and sweet bean sauce.11

秦始皇是中国历史上一位很有作为的皇帝，他生前动用了大量人力、物力为自己修造陵墓。秦陵兵马俑（Terracotta Warriors and Horses）就是为陪葬这位皇帝而制作的陶兵和陶马。秦 始皇陵兵马俑被发现于1974年。三个兵马俑坑（terracotta figurines pits）占地约20,000多平方米，8,000多个与真人真马一般大小的陶俑陶马，排列成整齐的方阵，再现了秦始皇统一 中国时兵强马壮的雄伟军阵。秦始皇陵兵马俑被称作世界第八大奇迹。

The first emperor of the Qin Dynasty, known as Qing Shi Huang, made great achievements in Chinese history.While still alive, he mobilized huge manpower and used a great deal of materials to build his tomb.The Terracotta Warriors and Horses were made as burial objects to accompany the emperor in the after world.They were first discovered in 1974.Archaeologists had unearthed some 8,000 lifelike soldiers and horses from three terracotta figurines pits occupying about 20,000 square metres.Standing in formation, they indicate the powerful array of troops of Qin Shi Huang when he unified China.They are regarded as the eighth wonder of the world.12

筷子是广泛适用于东亚各国的传统餐具。筷子的历史起源于中国古代，最早可以追溯到商代。筷子通常由竹子、塑料、木材或不锈钢制成。第一双筷子可能用于烹饪，拨火而不是作为饮 食器具。直到汉代，筷子才开始用作餐具。直到明代，筷子才开始被普遍使用于上菜或者吃 饭。然后它们被取名“筷子”，并拥有了今天的形状。

Chopsticks are used as the traditional eating utensils of various East Asian countries.Chopsticks originated in ancient China and dates back to as early as the Shang Dynasty.They are commonly made of bamboo, plastic, wood or stainless steel.The first chopsticks were probably used for cooking, stirring the fire and not as eating utensils.Chopsticks began to be used as eating utensils during the Han Dynasty.It was not until the Ming Dynasty that chopsticks were widely used for both serving and eating.They then acquired the name kuaizi and the present shape.13

公元960年，宋朝建立，后统一了中国大部分地区。宋朝的统治者建立了有效的中央集权制； 广泛任用民间的学术文人；地方的军事官员及其党羽都被中央任命的官员所替代。宋朝在城 市发展方面是非常显著的，这不单指其在管理上的职能，而且还包括其作为贸易、工业和海 上贸易的中心的职能。在文化上，宋朝发展了历史文献、绘画、书法及坚硬光滑的瓷器等。

In 960, Song Dynasty was founded, and later it reunified most of China.The rulers of the Song Dynasty built an effective centralized bureaucracy staffed with civilian scholar-officials.Regional military governors and their supporters were replaced by centrally appointed officials.The Song Dynasty is notable for the development of cities not only for administrative purposes but also as centers of trade, industry and maritime commerce.Culturally, the Song refined historical writings, painting, calligraphy and hard-glazed porcelain, etc.14

中国科举制度（Chinese Imperial Examination System）是指中国古代官僚机构选拔行政官员 的考试制度。古代的中国人要想成为一位官员首先必须通过多种考试。科举考试的历史可以 追溯到隋朝，在唐朝得到进一步巩固和完善，在清朝走到了尽头。科举制度在中国已经存在 了约1300年。它对中国古代的社会结构和政治体制有深刻的影响。即使是现代选拔公务员 的考试制度也是间接地从科举制度演变而来的。

Chinese Imperial Examination System refers to an examination system of selecting the

administrative officials for the ancient Chinese bureaucracy.Ancient Chinese who wanted to be an official had to pass multiple of examinations first.Its history dates back to the Sui Dynasty.During the Tang Dynasty, the system had been further consolidated and perfected.The system came to an end during the Qing Dynasty.The Imperial Examination System has existed for about 1,300 years in China.It exerts deep influence on social structure and political system in ancient China.Even the modern examination system for selecting civil service staff also indirectly evolved from the imperial one.15

唐代文化是中国文化的一个高峰。尤其是古典诗歌到唐代发展到全盛时期。在唐代300余年 的历史中，产生的流传于后世的诗歌就有48,900多首。如此丰富的作品也使2,300多位诗人 在历史上留下了他们的名字。唐诗在创作方法上，现实主义与浪漫主义并举。唐代最著名的 诗人是李白和杜甫，他们都是具有世界声誉的诗人，后人将他们合称为“李杜”。

The Tang Dynasty witnessed a peak in Chinese culture.Especially, ancient poetry flourished in the Tang Dynasty.In more than 300 years of the Tang Dynasty, some 48,900 poems were handed down and remain widely known today.So many works also made more than 2,300 poets famous in history.As far as the writing technique is concerned, the Tang poetry combined realism and romanticism.The best-known poets of the Tang Dynasty were Li Bai and Du Fu, who are very prestigious in the whole world and people of later generations called both of them as “Li Du” collaboratively.16

江苏菜，又叫淮阳菜，流行于长江下流区域，以水产作为主要原料，注重原料的鲜味。其雕 刻技术十分珍贵，其中瓜雕（melon carving）尤其著名。烹饪技术包括炖、烤、焙、煨（simmering）等。江苏菜的特色是淡、鲜、甜、雅。江苏菜系以其精选的原料，精细的准备，不辣不温的 口感而出名。因为江苏气候变化很大，江苏菜系在一年之中也有变化。味道强而不重，淡而 不温。

Jiangsu Cuisine, also called Huaiyang Cuisine, is popular in the lower reach region of the Yangtze River.Aquatics as the main ingredients, it stresses the freshness of materials.Its carving

techniques are delicate, of which the melon carving technique is especially well-known.Cooking techniques consist of stewing, roasting, baking and simmering, etc.The flavor of Huaiyang

Cuisine is light, fresh and sweet and with delicate elegance.Jiangsu Cuisine is well-known for its careful selection of ingredients, its meticulous preparation, and its “not-too-spicy, not-too-bland” taste.Since the climate varies considerably in Jiangsu, the cuisine also varies throughout the year.The flavor is strong but not too heavy;light but not too bland.17

王安石，北宋宰相、政治家、文学家、江西临川人。1042年，王安石考中进士，踏上了仕 途，从此积极投身于改革大业。他曾给宋仁宗写了一封万字的谏书（remonstrance），主张 朝廷全面改革法度，却没有得到重视。直到宋神宗时，王安石才得以有计划制定新的法度，大刀阔斧地展开以富国强兵为目的的变法运动。这就是中国历史上著名的“王安石变法”。

Born in Linchuan, Jiangxi province, Wang Anshi was a statesman, poet and prose writer in the Song Dynasty.In 1042, Wang Anshi outstood others in the feudal exam and became a Jinshi，marking his first step in his political career and the beginning of his commitment to the reform.He once wrote a remonstrance of ten thousand characters to Emperor Renzong, advocating an all-out reform of the feudal laws and systems.The letter, however, was neglected.It was not until the reign of Emperor Shenzong that he finally got the opportunity to carry out the reform aimed to strengthen the country’s power.This is the famous “Wang Anshi’s Reform” in the Chinese history.18 秦腔（Qingqiang Opera）起源于唐、宋年间的陕西农村，经明、清两代的发展，演变成现在 以“直起直落，慷慨激昂，荡气回肠”为主要特征的表现形式。在陕西境内，根据不同语言 特色和生活习惯，秦腔又分为东、中、西、南四路。西安秦腔吸取东、西两路秦腔的长处和 京剧等外来剧种的优点，既有高亢激昂、粗犷豪放的风格，又有柔和清丽、精致细腻的格调。

Qinqiang Opera originated in the Tang and Song dynasties from the rural areas of the ancient Shaanxi in China and took shape in the Ming and Qing dynasties.Now this folk opera is featured by melodies that do not have many changes yet sound impassioned and soul-stirring.Since the dialects and living habits vary from place to place within Shaanxi province, Qinqiang opera is classified into four schools: the eastern school, the central school, the western school and the southern school.Qinqiang opera performed in Xi’an has absorbed the merits of the eastern and western schools as well as those of other operas such as Peking opera.Thus it sounds loud and rough sometimes, soft and gentle at other times.19

根据中国的阴阳五行学说，世界上所有的事物都是由金、木、水、火、土五种元素构成，这 五种元素相生相克，白色代表金，绿色代表木，黑色代表水，红色代表火，黄色则代表土。中国社会发展到汉代以后，黄色开始被人所接受，并认为是最尊贵的颜色。唐代以后，服饰 制度规定只准皇室穿黄色的服饰，其他人一概不允许。

According to the Chinese thought of yin, yang and the five elements(metal, wood, water, fire and earth), all things in the universe consist of the five elements;there is a phenomenon of mutual promotion and restraint among the five elements.The white stands for metal, the blue for wood, the black for water, the red for fire and the yellow for earth.Since the Han Dynasty in Chinese history, the yellow had been accepted by all people and regarded as the most distinguished colour.By the Tang Dynasty, the clothing system stipulated that all the people were prohibited from wearing yellow clothes except the royal family.20

张择端是北宋时期的一位宫廷画师，拥有大量杰出作品，但最著名的应当是被后人称为“神 品”的《清明上河图》（A River Scene at Qingming Festival）。它是一部写实主义的精品，以当时开封城的景象为题材绘制而成。图中人物多达500余人，真实地再现了当时开封清明 时节的盛况。全图结构完整，描绘准确，被传为稀世珍品。《清明上河图》将那个时代的绘 画艺术推向了顶峰。

Zhang Zeduan is a royal painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, he left many outstanding works, but the most renowned one is A River Scene at Qingming Festival.With various scenes in Kaifeng

as raw materials, the painting paints more than 500 people and thus is a lively portrayal of Kaifeng on the day of Qingming Festival.So complete in organisation and so vivid in painting, A River Scene at Qingming Festival is deemed as the peak of painting at that time.21

清朝是中国的最后一个封建王朝。它由满族人（Manchus）建立，是中国历史上第二个由非 汉族人创建的统一王朝。满族人以前也被称为女真（Jurchen），他们居住在明朝境内东北 部、长城关外。在努尔哈赤（Nurhaci）统一女真各部落并建立了一个独立的部落之后，他 们成为了明朝晚期的主要威胁。满族人联合明朝的将军吴三桂打下了北京，并将其作为清朝 的首都。在这之后他们继续南下剿灭（subdue）明朝的残余反抗势力。在满族征战中国的过 程（1618—1683）中，总共造成了2500万人丧生。

The Qing Dynasty was the last imperial dynasty in China.Founded by the Manchus, it was the second non-Han Chinese dynasty that ruled the whole country.The Manchus were formerly known as Jurchen, residing in the northeastern part of the Ming territory outside the Great Wall.They emerged as the major threat to the late Ming Dynasty after Nurhaci had united all Jurchen tribes and established an independent one.The Manchu allied with the Ming Dynasty general Wu Sangui to seize Beijing, which was made the capital of the Qing Dynasty, and then proceeded to subdue the remaining Ming’s resistance in the south.22

明朝是中国历史上最后一个由汉族建立的王朝，历经十二世、十六位皇帝，国祚276年。明 朝初期明太祖朱元璋定都于南京市。1421年由明成祖朱棣迁都至北京市。明朝是继汉唐盛 世后又一个兴盛的中原王朝，也曾是手工业、经济最繁荣的国家之一。《明史》（The History of Ming）认为洪武、永乐在位时期，“治隆唐宋”、“远迈汉唐”。明朝时期，无汉唐之 和亲，无两宋之岁币，天子御国门，君主死社稷，为后世子孙所敬仰。

The Ming Dynasty is the last dynasty established by the Han Chinese in Chinese history.It had 16 emperors of 12 generations in its 276 years.Zhu Yuanzhang, founder of the Ming Dynasty, set its capital in Nanjing in the early years.Emperor Zhudi moved its capital to Beijing in 1421.The Ming Dynasty is a follow-up to the prosperous Han and Tang dynasties, when the handicraft industry and economy flourished.The History of Ming suggests that during the reign of Emperor Hongwu and Yongle, the Ming Dynasty was much more developed than the Han, the Tang and the Song dynasties.The Ming Dynasty was never forced to establish marital relationships with neighboring kingdoms like Tang Dynasty, neither did it pay any tribute like the Song did.Emperors in the Ming Dynasty all dedicated to its country and are respected by their descendants.23

年画（New Year Painting）是中国画的一种，始于古代的门神画（door god painting），在清 朝光绪年间正式被称为年画。北宋年间，每逢过年过节家家户户贴年画已成为一种风尚。木 板年画历史悠久，堪称中国民间艺术宝库中的一颗明珠。木版年画，顾名思义，就是用木板 印出来的年画，不但具有极高的收藏价值，而且还极具观赏性。朱仙镇木板年画和天津杨柳 青、山东潍坊、江苏桃花坞年画并称中国四大年画。朱仙镇木版年画采用的是手工木刻制作，制作工艺非常地讲究。

New Year Painting is a kind of Chinese painting originated from ancient door god painting.In the period of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, it was formally known as New Year Painting.In the Northern Song Dynasty, it was a trend to paste new year paintings on New Year festivals and other holidays.The wood panel new year painting has a long history.It can be called a pearl of the treasures of folk art in China.The wood panel new year paintings, as its name implies, are painted with wood panels.They not only have very high artistic value, but also are highly ornamental.Wood panel new year paintings in Zhuxian Town, together with new year painting in Yangliuqing of Tianjin, Weifang of Shandong and Taohuawu of Jiangsu are collectively known as the four famous new year paintings in China.Wood panel new year paintings in Zhuxian Town are made of hand-made wood and the production process is very demanding.24

在中国古代社会，官服是权力的象征，历来受到统治阶级的重视。因为明朝皇帝姓朱，所以 官员的官服是以大红为主的（紫色从此不在官服中使用），且样式近似唐代圆领服。最有特 色的是用“补子”（buzi）表示官员的品级。补子是一块约40-50厘米的正方形丝绸材料，可织绣上不同的纹样，然后被分别缝缀在官服的胸前和背后。文官的补子用飞禽，武官用走 兽，分成九个等级。平常穿的圆领袍衫则凭衣服长短来区分身份，衣服长的人地位高。

In ancient China, the official dress was a symbol of power, and was taken seriously by the ruling class of ages.In the Ming Dynasty, as the emperor’s family name was Zhu meaning red, the

official dress was mostly bright red;as a result, the colour purple was no longer used as the colour for the official dress during the period.The Ming official dress looked quite similar to the

round-neck dress in the Tang Dynasty.The “buzi” was the most special characteristic of the Ming official dress, which was used to show the grade of officials.The buzi was a piece of square silk about 40-50cm, which was embroidered with different flower patterns and then sewn to the front part and back part of the official dress.The buzi of the civilian was embroidered with the figure of fowls, and that of the military officer was embroidered with the figures of beasts, which was

divided into nine grades.The ordinary round-neck gowns and robes were distinguished according to the length of the dress.The longer the clothes the higher the position.25

孙权，字（courtesy name）仲谋，今浙江富阳人。15岁时就开始征战沙场。他是一位善于 纳贤的英杰，勇敢果断，选拔官员的标准是唯贤任能。他大胆任用了一批年轻有为的将领，从而帮助孙权成就了一代宏图大业。孙权统治江东50年，对开发建业和整个江南地区做出 了重大贡献。他发展农业，兴修水利，疏浚（dredge）和扩大了秦淮河水道。他还发展了航 海事业，派人到夷洲（今台湾省），出使辽东半岛（peninsula）及南海诸国，还为西域僧人 建造了金陵的第一座佛寺——建初寺。

Sun Quan, whose courtesy name is Zhongmou, was born in Fuyang, Zhejiang Province.Sun began to fight on the battlefield when he was only 15 years old.Later, when he became a leader, he was brave, decisive and impartial in appointing officials.As a result, a lot of young yet talented men were promoted to important position, which helped Sun a lot in building his kingdom.During his fifty years’ rule, Sun Quan contributed a lot to the development of Jianye(present Nanjing)and the south China as a whole by developing agriculture, building irrigation projects as well as dredging and widening the waterway of the Qinhuai River.What’s more, he helped to develop China’s navigation industry by sending off convoys to Yizhou(modern Taiwan Province)，Liaodong Peninsula and some island countries around South China Sea.Under his order, the first Buddhist temple which was named Jianchu Temple was built for monks from the Western Regions.26 祖冲之，429年生于建康（今南京），他从小就显示出过人的才学。他最伟大的贡献就是把 圆周率的数值精确计算到3.141,592,6和3.141,592,7之间。这个数值在当时是世界上最精准 的圆周率数值。直到大约一千年后，欧洲数学家才求得同样的结果。由于祖冲之在计算圆周 率方面的重大贡献，圆周率又被称为“祖率”。国际科学界还将月球上的一座环形山（lunar crater）命名为“祖冲之山”（Tsu Chung-chi）。国际行星中心还以他的名字命名了一颗小 行星（asteroid）。这些都是为了纪念这位伟大的科学巨匠。

Born in Jiankang(present Nanjing)in 429, Zu Chongzhi(Tsu Chung-chi)displayed unusual talent from his childhood.Based on others’ achievements, he calculated out that the precise value of π shall be between 3.141,592,6 and 3.141,592,7.This was the most precise approximation at that time and it was not until one thousand years later that a European mathematician came up with the same result.For all his great contribution, π is also called the Zu ratio in honor of Zu Chongzhi.What’s more, the international scientific circle named one lunar crater as “Tsu Chung-chi”.And the International Planet Centre named one asteroid after his name.All these efforts are done to commemorate this great scientist.27

编钟（Bianzhong）是中国传统的乐器，由青铜铸成，它由不同的钟依照大小排列。这些钟 悬挂在一个巨大的木制钟架上。这些编钟曾被用作和弦乐器（polyphonic musical instruments），其中一些钟的历史可以追溯到2,000到3,000年前。迄今为止最重要的一套 编钟在挖掘曾侯乙（Marquis Yi）的古墓时出土，它由65个大小编钟组成，保存完好。曾 侯乙编钟铸造于两千五百多年前的战国时代（Warring States），制作精美，总重量达到两千 五百多公斤，今天它仍然能够演奏乐曲，在这世界文化史上也是极为罕见的。

Bianzhong is an ancient Chinese musical instrument consisting of a set of bronze bells which are placed by size and hung in an enormous wooden frame.These sets of chime bells were used as polyphonic musical instruments and some of these bells can be dated back to 2,000 to 3,000 years ago.Among the most important sets of Bianzhong discovered are a complete ceremonial set of 65 zhong bells, found in a near-perfect state of preservation during the excavation of the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng.Made in the Warring States about 2,500 years ago, the bells of Marquis Yi of Zeng which feature exquisite workmanship and have a total weight of over 2,500 kilograms can still be played today, which is rare even in the history of world culture.28

在英文中，“中国”与“瓷器”是一个词，这说明，很早的时期欧洲人就把中国与瓷器联系 在一起的了。瓷器15世纪时就传入欧洲，在中外交流中占有重要位置。德国卡塞尔郎德（Keisel Randy）博物馆至今还藏有一件中国明代青瓷（blue-and-white）碗。历史上，中国 和亚洲的其他国家以及欧洲国家的瓷器交易极为频繁，而且数量巨大。据今人研究，在 1602-1682年间，仅荷兰东印度公司（the Dutch East India Company）从中国贩运到欧洲的瓷 器就有一千六百多万件。瓷器以其优雅精致的品质，为中国赢得了好名声。

In English, china has the same meaning as porcelain.This proves that Europeans have long known of China’s relation to porcelain.Porcelain found its way to Europe in the 15th century, occupying an important position in the exchanges between China and other countries.The Keisel Randy Museum in Germany houses a blue-and-white bowl dating back to the Ming Dynasty.Throughout history, China, along with other Asian countries, and Europe maintained a busy and vast trade in porcelain.From 1602 to 1682, the Dutch East India Company alone transported more than 16 million articles of porcelain from China to Europe.Porcelain earned a good reputation for China for its sophistication and elegance.29

中国人为什么要修长城？在秦始皇时代，每二十个人中，就有一个人参与修建过长城。中国 人经历了无数次毁灭性的战争，他们深知，保护生灵的城墙总比掩埋尸体的壕沟（trench）好。修建长城有说不尽的艰辛，甚至不少人还因此付出了生命。但与惨烈的战争相比，人们 更愿意选择前者。长城在中国历史上发挥的作用是巨大的。在冷兵器时代，长城在军事防御 上起到了不容置疑的作用，尤其在防御北方民族所谓的“马背上的进攻”方面，效果是明显 的。

Why did the Chinese build the Great Wall? During the reign of the First Emperor of Qin, one out of every 20 people took part in the project.Suffering from the devastating damage of wars, people realized that building a wall to protect lives was better than burying the dead in trenches.Building walls was extremely hard labor, sometimes even at the cost of life itself.Compared with bloody wars, however, people would rather choose the former.The Great Wall played a significant role in history.It certainly served the purpose of military defense in the age of cold steel, especially in preventing attacks from northern peoples on horseback.30

围棋（go）于四千多年前起源于中国，是一种重要的棋盘游戏，并在一千多年前就先后传到 朝鲜半岛（peninsula）和日本，为东北亚人们普遍喜爱。每年中、日、韩之间有多种围棋比 赛，围棋成为文化交流的工具。围棋不仅是竞赛项目，也是一种游戏活动，文人（literati）的案台上常常备有围棋。客人来了，除了有酒，还有围棋。旧时，无论在农村还是在市井，人们常常可以见到这样的场面：两个人在对弈，旁边站着一大片观棋的人，观棋的人得到的 快乐丝毫不比下棋的人少。

Go is an important board game with origins in China from more than 4,000 years ago.It was introduced to the Korean peninsula and Japan over 1,000 years ago, and has since become a favorite pastime of many people there.Today, go still serves as a means of cultural exchange between the peoples of China, Japan and Korea, as they engage in numerous tournaments every year.Go is not only a competitive event but also a game of entertainment.The literati would usually have a set of go pieces on their desks.When a friend came around, both the host and the guest would enjoy a game of go, along with fine wine.In ancient countryside and towns, a pair of go players in an open space would often attract an attentive crowd, with the onlookers enjoying the game no less than the players.31

在中国，小孩子的抓周（one-year-old catch）仪式独具风格，在孩子的成长过程中，这个仪 式具有里程碑式的重要意义。抓周仪式在小孩满一周岁的时候举行，最早记载于北齐。小孩 子满周岁的那天，在吃中午的长寿面之前，家里的长辈们会将书、笔、钱币、首饰、玩具和 食物等摆出来，由大人将小孩抱过来，令其端坐，大人们不给予任何的引导或暗示，任孩子

任意挑选，并以此为依据来预测孩子可能存在的志趣和将要从事的职业以及发展，也寄寓了 长辈们对孩子的美好期待。

In China, the one-year-old catch of a baby is of unique characteristic.The ceremony is of milestone-like significance in the growing process of a baby.The ceremony usually celebrates when the baby is one year old.The earliest historical record about one-year-old catch appeared during the Northern Qi Dynasty.On the day when a baby is one year old, the family of the baby will lay out books, pens, coins, jewelries, toys and foods, etc.The parents then put the baby in front of these articles and make him/her sit up.Nobody will give any instruction or cue to the baby so that it is left free to choose by himself/herself.According to the articles the baby catches, the family try to make predications about the baby’s potential interests, future career and development.The ceremony also represents that the elder place good wishes and hope on the baby.32

武则天是中国历史上空前绝后的唯一一位女皇帝，她创造了中国历史的奇迹。她是中国历史 上杰出的政治家、军事家，同时也是一位诗人。武则天出生于唐朝的大户人家，她拥有盖世 的美丽和绝顶的聪明，并喜欢读书。童年时曾随父母游历了名山大川，这培养了她的眼界和 才干。她14岁入宫，在经历了很多坎坷和磨难之后，终于当上了皇后。690年，武则天改 国号（the title of the dynasty）唐为周，正式做了皇帝。她执政期间，经济、文化繁荣发展，边疆稳固，人民生活幸福。

Wu Zetian, the only female emperor in Chinese history, created the miracle of Chinese history.She was an outstanding politician, strategist as well as a poet in Chinese history.Born in a wealthy family in Tang Dynasty, she was the most beautiful and intelligent of her time, and she also liked reading.She had visited famous mountains and great rivers with her parents when she was a child, which had broadened her horizon and developed her talents.She was sent to the palace when she was 14.After many difficulties and hardships, she became the empress finally.In 690, Wu Zetian changed the title of the dynasty Tang to Zhou, and became the emperor herself.During her reign, the economy and culture developed rapidly, the frontier got stable and people led a happy life.33 玉雕（jade carving）是中国最古老的雕刻品种之一。玉石历来被人们当作珍宝，在中国古代，玉被看作是美好品质和君子风范的象征。玉石加工雕琢成为精美的工艺品，称为玉雕。工艺 师在制作的过程中，根据不同玉料的天然颜色和自然形状，经过精心设计、反复琢磨，才能 把玉石雕制成精美的工艺品。玉雕的品种主要有人物、器具、鸟兽、花卉等大件作品，也有 别针（brooch）、戒指、印章等小件作品。中国的玉雕作品在世界上享有很好的声誉。

Jade carving is one of the oldest carving arts in China.Jade was always treated as treasure.In ancient China, jade was regarded as a symbol of refinement and moral ethics.Jade carving refers to the process to carve a piece of jade into a fine article of art.A carving artist has to thoroughly examine a piece of jade, cudgel his brains to make a design according to its natural colors and shape, and turn it into an artistic work.Jade can be carved into human figures, containers, images of birds, animals, flowers as well as small things like brooches, rings or seals.Chinese jade carving works enjoy a high reputation in the world.34

生活在中国黄河中上游的黄土高原上（the Loess Plateau）的人们，利用那里的黄土层建造了 一种独特的住宅——窑洞（cave-dwellings）。窑洞分为土窑、石窑、砖窑等几种。土窑是 靠着山坡挖掘成的黄土窑洞，这种窑洞冬暖夏凉，保温和隔音效果最好。石窑和砖窑是先用 石块或砖砌成拱形洞，然后在上面盖上厚厚的黄土，既坚固又美观。由于建造窑洞不需要钢 材和水泥，所以窑洞的造价较低。随着社会的发展，人们对窑洞的建造不断改进，黄土高原 上冬暖夏凉的窑洞越来越舒适美观了。

People living in the Loess Plateau which lies in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River make use of the solid to build unique residences called cave-dwellings.These can be further

divided into earthen, rock-walled and brick-walled types.Earthen cave-dwellings are hollowed out of mountain slopes;they are warm in winter and cool in summer, and are also sound-proof.Stones or brick-walled cave-dwellings are usually built with stones or bricks first into arch-shaped house and then covered with a thick layer of earth.Since there is no need for steel and cement, the building cost is low.As society progresses, construction of carve-dwelling keeps improving, and today, such houses are more comfortable inside and more pleasant in appearance.35

轿子（sedan chair）是中国古代很重要的交通工具，主要由人来肩扛手抬。汉代的权贵（bigwig）们坐在由人像背包那样背着的轻便竹椅中行进。在北魏和南北朝时期，山水卷轴中出现了绑 在竹竿上的木制轿子。轿子在种类上有官轿、民轿和喜轿等。轿子最重要的用途可能就是用 作喜轿了。传统的中国婚礼上，新娘子被雇来的人用轿子抬到婚礼现场。喜轿装饰华丽、喜 庆（jubilant），通常这些轿子还装饰有一个由红色丝绸制成的帘子，用来防止新娘子的闺 容被旁观者看见。

The sedan chair can be regarded as a crucial vehicle of ancient China.It mainly has the virtue of lifting with shoulders and hands.In Han Dynasty, the bigwigs travelled in light bamboo seats supported on a carrier’s back like a backpack.In the Northern Wei Dynasty and the North and South Song dynasties, wooden carriages on bamboo poles appeared in painted landscape scrolls.As for its kind, the sedan chair can be classified into three types: sedan chair for officials, the civilian and weddings.The chair with perhaps the greatest importance was the bridal chair.A

traditional bride is carried to her wedding ceremony by a “shoulder carriage”, usually hired.These were richly ornamented and jubilant, and were equipped with red silk curtains to screen the bride from onlookers.36

龙袍（imperial robe），从字面上理解就是绣（embroider）有龙形花纹的袍服，在中国古代 服饰文化史上占有重要地位。龙纹最早出现在周朝，当时出现画有龙纹的服装，但没有出现 真正意义上的龙袍。秦汉时期，上下相连的袍服出现，但袍服上仍没有龙形的花纹。直到隋 唐时期冕服上才开始出现龙纹，但是帝王平时穿用的常服上并没有龙纹。只有到了元明时期，帝王袍服上绣有龙纹的现象才越来越多，自此也就出现了真正意义的龙袍。

Imperial robe literally means a robe that is embroidered with images of Chinese dragon, which played an important role in the history of Chinese ancient dress culture.The design of Chinese dragon appeared as early as in the Zhou Dynasty but the real imperial robe had not yet existed.By the Qin and Han dynasties, the robe with upper and lower parts as a whole was designed, but still no flower pattern of Chinese dragon on the robe.By the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the crown clothing that consisted of both upper clothes and lower skirt began to have the flower pattern of Chinese dragon.However, the ordinary dress worn by the emperor wasn’t embroidered with the flower pattern of Chinese dragon.Only by the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, imperial robe

embroidered with the flower pattern of Chinese dragon began to become more common and the real imperial robe came into being.37

西安作为十二朝古都，见证了历史的荣辱兴衰。历史在这里留下的文物景观和遗址不胜枚举，如兵马俑（Terracotta Warriors and Horses）、大雁塔（the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda）、华清 池等都是人类文化艺术的瑰宝。大雁塔位于西安南郊，建于唐代，是唐朝太子李治为了追念 他的母亲文德皇后而建立的，至今已经有1000多年的历史。大雁塔塔身由青砖砌成，结构 坚固，外观简单又不失庄严，最初建立的时候只有5层，后来又经过多次重修，现在的塔是 7层，高达64米。

As the capital of twelve dynasties, Xi’an had witnessed the rise and fall of history.There are numerous cultural relics and historical sites throughout the history.Among them are Terracotta Warriors and Horses, the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda and the Huaqing Pool, which are all precious treasures of humankind’s culture and art.Located in the south suburbs of Xi’an, the Giant Wild Pagoda was built by Li Zhi, a prince of the Tang Dynasty in memory of his mother Empress Wende and has stood there ever since for more than one thousand years.Simple yet solemn, the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda is of a firm structure built of grey brick.Originally built with only 5 stories, the Pagoda now measures 64 metres high with additional two stories after several repairs.38

中国人有在清明节扫墓祭祖和踏青插柳的习俗。每到清明节，家家户户都要到郊外去祭扫祖 先的坟墓。人们为坟墓除去杂草，添加新土，在坟前点上香（incense），摆上食物和纸钱，表示对祖先的思念和敬意。清明时节，树木发芽，到处一片新绿，呈现出生机盎然的景色。人们会到郊外呼吸新鲜空气，观赏蓝天、绿树、小草和鲜花，或者折根柳枝在戴在头上，叫 做“插柳”。据说，插柳可以驱除鬼怪和灾难，祈求平安幸福。

The Chinese people have the custom of sweeping the tombs, taking an outing and wearing a willow twig on the head on the Tomb-sweeping Day.When the Tomb-sweeping Day comes, every family will go to the country side to hold a memorial ceremony at their ancestors’ tombs.People get rid of any weeds growing around the tomb, add new earth, burn incense and offer food and spirit money to show their remembrance and respect for their ancestors.At this time, the grass and trees have put forth new buds, with fresh green everywhere, which reflects the vitality of spring.It is a good time for people to breathe the fresh air in the countryside and appreciate the blue sky, green trees, grass and flowers.People like to wear a willow twig on the head because it is supposed to be able to drive away ghosts and disasters and bring safety and happiness.39

618年6月18日，唐朝由高祖建立，是中国文明的黄金时代，在艺术，文学，尤其是在诗 歌和科技上发展显著。佛教成为普通百姓的主要宗教。长安（今西安）是唐朝的首都，是当 时世界上最大的城市。第二任皇帝太宗发动了军事行动来化解游牧（nomadic）部族的威胁，扩展边界，使邻国服从朝贡（tributary）制度。唐朝在塔里木盆地（Tarim Basin）军事上的

胜利保持了丝绸之路畅通，连接长安到中亚地区，并远至西部。在南方，利润丰厚的海上（maritime）贸易路线从港口城市开始，如广州。

Tang Dynasty was founded by Emperor Gaozu on 18 June 618.It was a golden age of Chinese civilization with significant developments in art, literature, particularly poetry, and technology.Buddhism became the predominant religion for common people.Chang’an(modern Xi’an), the national capital, was the largest city in the world of its time.The second emperor, Taizong, launched military campaigns to dissolve threats from nomadic tribes, extended the border, and submitted neighboring states into a tributary system.Military victories in the Tarim Basin kept the Silk Road open, connecting Chang’an to Central Asia and areas far to the west.In the south, profitable maritime trade routes began from port cities such as Guangzhou.40

中华民族是龙的传人，而实际上根本没有龙这种动物存在，它只是人们臆想出来的一种动物 象征，结合了许多种其他不同动物的特征，包括：鹿、鱼、老虎、狮子、马、牛、驴、蛇、和秃鹰（vulture）。龙被人们看作是一种具有神性的动物，时常与云朵、雷电和降雨联系在 一起，它可以在陆地行走，在海里游泳，在天空翱翔，化作风神和雨神。中国人不仅认为龙 是一种福神（mascot），还是权力、尊严、运气、力量和成功的化身。

The Chinese people consider themselves descendents of the dragon, which is in fact a fictitious animal combining some features of the deer, fish, tiger, lion, horse, ox, donkey, snake and vulture.This divine animal is always associated with clouds, thunderbolts and rainfall.It can walk on the land, swim in the sea and fly in the air and is the deity of wind and rain.Chinese people believe it is a mascot, as well as the embodiment of power, dignity, luck, strength and success.

第五篇：翻译练习及答案参考

汉翻英：重点翻译红色字体部分，其它部分也可翻译。

之一:题目：不要抛弃学问（胡适1929年中国公学18级毕业赠言）

诸位毕业同学：

你们现在要离开母校了，我没有什么礼物送给你们，只好送你们一句话罢。

这一句话是：“不要抛弃学问。”以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张毕业文凭不得已而做的。从今以后，你们可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了。趁现在年富力强的时候，努力做一种专门学问。少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰时，要做学问也来不及了。即为吃饭计，学问绝不会辜负人的。吃饭而不求学问，三年五年之后，你们都要被后进少年淘汰掉的。到那时再想做点学问来补救，恐怕已太晚了。

有人说：“出去做事之后，生活问题亟须解决，哪有工夫去读书?即使要做学问，既没有图书馆，又没有实验室，哪能做学问?”

我要对你们说：凡是要等到有了图书馆方才读书的，有了图书馆也不肯读书。凡是要等到有了实验室方才做研究 的，有了实验室也不肯做研究。你有了决心要研究一个问题，自然会撙衣节食去买书，自然会想出法子来设置仪器。至于时间，更不成问题。达尔文一生多病，不能多做工，每天只能做一点钟的工作。你们看他的成绩!每天花一点钟看十页有用的书，每年可看三千六百多页书，三十年读约十一万页书。

诸位，十万页书可以使你成一个学者了。可是，每天看三种小报也得费你一点钟的工夫；四圈麻将也得费你一点半钟的光阴。看小报呢，还是打麻将呢，还是努力做一个学者呢?全靠你们自己的选择!

易卜生说：“你的最大责任是把你这块材料铸造成器。”

学问便是铸器的工具。抛弃了学问便是毁了你自己。

再会了!你们的母校眼睁睁地要看你们十年之后成什么器。

汉翻英之二：桂林位于广西壮族自治区的东北角，被誉为“最美的和最值得外国游客观光的中国城市”。中国广泛流传这样一句话：桂林山水甲天下。岩溶峰林地貌，晶莹剔透的江水，经常浮现与中国艺术作品中，而神奇独特的洞穴更为桂林美景增添不少景致。

英汉翻译 ： Mother's Letter to the World Dear World：

My son starts school today．It’s going to be strange and new to him for a while．And I wish you would sort of treat him gently． You see，up to now，he’s been king of the roost．He’s been boss of the back yard．I have always been around to repair his wounds，and to soothe his feelings．

But now― things are going to be different．

This morning，he’s going to walk down the front steps，wave his hand and start on his great adventure that will probably include wars and tragedy and sorrow．To live his life in the world he has to live in will require faith and love and courage．

So，World，I wish you would sort of take him by his young hand and teach him the things he will have to know．Teach him―but gently，if you can．Teach him that for every scoundrel，there is a hero；that for every crooked politician there is a dedicated leader；that for every enemy there is a friend．Teach him the wonders of books．Give him quiet time to ponder the eternal mystery of birds in the sky，bees in the sun，and flowers on the green hill．Teach him it is far more honorable to fail than to cheat．Teach him to have faith in his own ideas，even if everyone else tells him they are wrong．Teach him to sell his brawn and brains to the highest bidder，but never to

put a price on his heart and soul．Teach him to close his ears to a howling mob．．．and to stand and fight if he thinks he’s right．Teach him gently，World，but don’t coddle him，because only the test of fire makes fine steel．

This is a big order，World，but see what you can do．He’s such a nice little fellow．

英译汉之：新闻材料

（注意：标题的翻译要出彩）

How China Does 'The Bachelor'

More than 50,000 young beauties from across China have lined up to win a date with one of 18 young, millionaire bachelors.The contest is the latest in a trend of beauty contests for the rich that has been criticized heavily in the media, on the net, and even by the government.The new contest was organized online, and its first round was held simultaneously in several major cities.Most contestants have already gone home in defeat, having failed an examination by feng shui masters to see whether they have a 'lucky face', according to an article on the People's Daily's

English website.Only 18 finalists will ultimately datethe eligible young men.Editorials in the online edition of China Daily, mirroring the overwhelmingly negative public reaction, blast the contest as 'money worship' and accuse it of treating women as sex objects.Editorialist Zhang Tianpin complains that the contest is the kind of scandalous behavior that makes many Chinese hate wealthy people.Elites should not to flaunt their money to seek beautiful women as partners but invest their money in activities for the benefit of society,' he argues.Some defend the contest by saying that at least the women are mature and chosen not solely for their looks.Men are looking for the whole package: 'beauty, good temperament, psychological balance, sound character, good educational qualification, high moral values, love, and respect for the institution of marriage,' asserts freelance journalist Huang Yunxiang.Indeed, most of the contestants are between 28 and 30, college-educated and have steady jobs.China has seen a steady expansion of elite dating contests, TV shows and websites in recent years.Golden Bachelor

Matchmakers, a high-end dating site, hires 'Love Hunters' to scour the country for attractive women between 5 feet,5 inches and 5 feet, 8 inches.Then, luxurious parties with steep entrance fees pair up rich men with these carefully selected beauties.It is not like they use money to find true love.They just want to have the best options,' Golden Bachelor Chairman Xu Tianli told China Daily.Vocal critics, however, are uncomfortable with the impact of these beauty contests on Chinese culture.According to an online article in the Global Times, the government has ordered all TV stations to stop showing 22-year-old fashion model Ma Nuo after she made comments that Chinese audiences deemed 'too materialistic.'

On a TV dating show, Ma refused an unemployed man's offer of a bicycle ride, saying: 'I would rather weep in a BMW than smile on your bicycle.'

中国各地五万多名年轻美女报名应征与18位年轻的单身男富豪约会的机会，这是美女争嫁富豪潮流的新一波，媒体、网络甚至中国政府一直在对这种活动进行严厉谴责。

ZUMApress.com舟山国际海洋小姐大赛的参赛选手为拍摄合影摆姿势。这次活动是在线组织的，第一轮竞争在几个大城市同步举行。据《人民日报》(People's Daily)英文网络版报道，大多数应征者未能通过风水师审查她们是否有“旺夫相”这一关，已失败回家。

仅有18名进入决赛的美女将最终获得约会机会，如果幸运的话，还将嫁给合适 的年轻男士。

《中国日报》(China Daily)网络版评论反映出多数公众对这一事件持完全否定态度，抨击这种活动是“拜金”，并指责这种作法是将女性视为性玩物。评论人张天频（音）批评说，这是一种可耻的行径，使得众多中国人仇视富人。

他说，精英人士不应化大钱找美女结婚，而应将钱用于造福社会等活动。

有人为这类活动辩解说，至少这些女性是成熟的，不光凭外表入选。自由撰稿人黄云翔（音）说，男性追求的女性条件是：相貌好、有气质、心态平和、性格好、受过良好教育、有高尚的价值观、有爱心而且要尊重婚姻。的确，大多数应征者年龄为28至30岁之间，受过大学教育，且有稳定的工作。

近年来，中国的精英婚恋活动、电视婚恋节目及婚恋网络呈逐渐增加趋势。一家高端婚恋网站钻石王老五征婚网(Golden Bachelor Matchmakers)雇佣“爱情猎头”在全国搜寻1.65米至1.72米的魅力女性。而后举行入场费昂贵的奢侈派对将这些精心挑拣出来的美女与富豪配对。

钻石王老五征婚网总裁徐天立接受《中国日报》采访时说，富豪们用钱不可能找到真爱。他们只是想有最好的选择。

但直言不讳的评论家们，就美女争嫁富豪类征婚活动对中国文化的冲击非常不安。据《环球时报》一篇在线文章称，政府已下令所有的电视台封杀22岁的时装模特马诺，此前她的言论让中国观众认为“过于功利化”。

之前在一个电视婚恋节目《非诚勿扰》中，马诺拒绝了一位失业男士的求婚，她说，“我宁愿坐在宝马里哭，也不坐在自行车后座上笑”。

不要抛弃学问

Never give up the pursuit of learning.诸位毕业同学：

Dear students of the Graduating Class，你们现在要离开母校了，我没有什么礼物送你们，只好送你们一句话罢。

As you are leaving your alma mater, I have nothing to offer you as a gift except a word of advice.这一句话是：“不要抛弃学问。”以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张毕业文凭，不得已而做的，从今以后，你们可以依自己的心愿自由去研究了。趁现在年富力强的时候，努力做一种专门学问。少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰时，要做学问也来不及了。即为吃饭计，学问决不会辜负人的。吃饭而不求学问，三年五年之后，你们都要被后来少年淘汰掉的。到那时再想做点学问来补救，恐怕已太晚了。My advice is, “Never give up the pursuit of learning.” You have perhaps finished your college courses mostly for obtaining the diploma, or, in other words, out of sheer necessity.However, from now on you are free to follow your own bent in the choice of studies.While you are in the prime of life, why not devote yourselves to a special field of study? Youth will soon be gone never to return.And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years.Knowledge will do you a good turn even as a means of subsistence.If you give up studies while holding a job，you will in a couple of years have had yourselves replaced by young people.It will then be too late to remedy the situation by picking up studies again.有人说：“出去做事之后，生活问题急需解决，哪有工夫去读书？即使要做学问，既没有图书馆，又没有实验室，哪能做学问？” Sone people say, “Once you have a job, you'll come up against the urgent problem of making a living.How can you manage to find time to study? Even if you want to, will it be possible with no library or laboratory available?” 我要对你们说：凡是要等到有了图书馆方才读书，有了图书馆也不肯读书。凡是要等到有了实验室方才做研究的，有了实验室也不肯做研究。你有了决心要研究一个问题，自然会撙衣节食去买书，自然会想出法子来设置仪器。

Now let me tell you this.Those who refuse to study for lack of a liabrary will most probably continue to do so even though there is a library.And those who refuse to do research for lack of a laboratory will most probably continue to do so even though a laboratory is available.As long as you set your mind on studies, you

will naturally cut down on food and clothing to buy books or do everything possible to acquire necessary instruments.至于时间，更不成问题。达尔文一生多病，不能多作工，每天只能做一点钟的工作。你看他的成绩！每天花一点钟看10页有用的书，每年可看3600多页书，30年可读11万页书。Time is no object.Charles Darwin could only work one hour a day due to ill health.Yet what a remarkable man he was!If you spend one hour a day reading 10 pages of a book, you can finish more than 3,600 pages a year, and 110,000 pages in 30 years.诸位，11万页书可以使你成一个学者了。可是，每天看三种小报也得费你一点钟的工夫，四圈麻将也得费你一点半钟的光阴。看小报呢？还是打麻将呢？还是努力做一个学者呢？全靠你们自己的选择！

Dear students, 110000 pages will be quite enough to make a learned man of you.It will take you one hour to read three tabloids a day, and one and half hours to finish four rounds of mah-jong a day.Reading tabloids, playing mah-jongs or striving to be a learned man, the choice lies with you.易卜生说：“你的最大责任是把你这块材料铸造成器。” Henrik Ibsen says, “It's your supreme duty to cast yourself into a useful implement.” 学问便是铸器的工具。抛弃了学问便是毁了你们自己。Learning is the casting mould.Forsake learning, and you will ruin yourself.再会了！你们的母校眼睁睁地要看你们十年之后成什么器。Farewell!Your alma mater is watching eagerly to see what will become of you ten years from now.①“不要抛弃学问”在这里的意思是“不要放弃对学问的追求”，因此不能直译为 Never Give up Learning，必须加字：Never Give up the Pursuit of Learning.②“你们可以依自己的心愿自由去研究了”译为you are free to follow your own bent in the choice of studies，其中 to follow one's own bent 是成语，和 to follow one's inclination 同义，作“做自己感兴趣或爱做的事”解。③“做学问”译为 to go into scholarship, 等于 to engage in learning。

④“学问决不会辜负人的”译为 Knowledge will do you a good turn，其中 to do one a good turn 是成语，作“"做对某人有益的事”解。

⑤“撙衣节食”即“省吃省穿”，现译为 cut down on food and clothing, 其中 to cut down on 是成语，与 to economize on 同义，作“节约”解。又，上语也可译为 to live frugally.⑥“至于时间，更不成问题”译为 Time is no object, 其中 no object 是成语，等于 no problem, 作“不成问题”或“不在话下”解。

⑦“全靠你们自己的选择”译为 the choie lies with you 或 it is up to you to make the choice.⑧“你们的母校眼睁睁地要看......”中的“眼睁睁地”通常的意思是“无可奈何地”，现在这里做“热切地”解，故译为eagerly。

汉翻英：桂林位于广西壮族自治区的东北角，被誉为“最美的和最值得外国游客观光的中国城市”。中国广泛流传这样一句话：桂林山水甲天下。岩溶峰林地貌，晶莹剔透的江水，经常浮现与中国艺术作品中，而神奇独特的洞穴更为桂林美景增添不少景致。

Situated in the northeast corner of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Gulin is hailed by many as the most beautifu place in China and one of the must-see destinations for most foreign tourists.There is a popular Chinese saying,”Guilin’s scenery bests all others in the world”.Its shapely-rising limestone towers and crystal-clear waters are often portrayed in Chinese artworks.Adding to its natural beauty are many fascinating caves.英译汉之一：

How China Does “The Bachelor”

More than 50,000 young beauties from across China have lined up to win a date with one of 18 young, millionaire bachelors.The contest is the latest in a trend of beauty contests for the rich that has been criticized heavily in the media, on the

net, and even by the government.中国各地五万多名年轻美女报名应征与18位年轻的单身男富豪约会的机会，这是美女争嫁富豪潮流的新一波，媒体、网络甚至中国政府一直在对这种活动进行严厉谴责。

The new contest was organized online, and its first round was held simultaneously in several major cities.Most contestants have already gone home in defeat, having failed an examination by feng shui masters to see whether they have a 'lucky face', according to an article on the People's Daily's English website.Only 18 finalists will ultimately datethe eligible young men.ZUMApress.com舟山国际海洋小姐大赛的参赛选手为拍摄合影摆姿势。这次活动是在线组织的，第一轮竞争在几个大城市同步举行。据《人民日报》(People's Daily)英文网络版报道，大多数应征者未能通过风水师审查她们是否有“旺夫相”这一关，已失败回家。

仅有18名进入决赛的美女将最终获得约会机会，如果幸运的话，还将嫁给合适的年轻男士。

Editorials in the online edition of China Daily, mirroring the

overwhelmingly negative public reaction, blast the contest as 'money worship' and accuse it of treating women as sex objects.Editorialist Zhang Tianpin complains that the contest is the kind of scandalous behavior that makes many Chinese hate wealthy people.Elites should 'not to flaunt their money to seek beautiful women as partners but invest their money in activities for the benefit of society,' he argues.《中国日报》(China Daily)网络版评论反映出多数公众对这一事件持完全否定态度，抨击这种活动是“拜金”，并指责这种作法是将女性视为性玩物。评论人张天频（音）批评说，这是一种可耻的行径，使得众多中国人仇视富人。

他说，精英人士不应化大钱找美女结婚，而应将钱用于造福社会等活动

Some defend the contest by saying that at least the women are mature and chosen not solely for their looks.Men are looking for the whole package: 'beauty, good temperament, psychological balance, sound character, good educational qualification, high moral values, love, and respect for the institution of marriage,' asserts freelance journalist Huang Yunxiang.Indeed, most of the contestants are between 28 and 30, college-educated and have steady jobs.有人为这类活动辩解说，至少这些女性是成熟的，不光凭外表入选。自由撰稿人黄云翔（音）说，男性追求的女性条件是：相貌好、有气质、心态平和、性格好、受过良好教育、有高尚的价值观、有爱心而且要尊重婚姻。的确，大多数应征者年龄为28至30岁之间，受过大学教育，且有稳定的工作。

China has seen a steady expansion of elite dating contests, TV shows and websites in recent years.Golden Bachelor Matchmakers, a high-end dating site, hires 'Love Hunters' to scour the country for attractive women between 5 feet, 5 inches and 5 feet, 8 inches.Then, luxurious parties with steep entrance fees pair up rich men with these carefully selected beauties.'It is not like they use money to find true love.They just want to have the best options,' Golden Bachelor Chairman Xu Tianli told China Daily.近年来，中国的精英婚恋活动、电视婚恋节目及婚恋网络呈逐渐增加趋势。一家高端婚恋网站钻石王老五征婚网(Golden Bachelor Matchmakers)雇佣“爱情猎头”在全国搜寻1.65米至1.72米的魅力女性。而后举行入场费昂贵的奢侈派对将这些精心挑拣出来的美女与富豪配对。

钻石王老五征婚网总裁徐天立接受《中国日报》采访时

说，富豪们用钱不可能找到真爱。他们只是想有最好的选择。

Vocal critics, however, are uncomfortable with the impact of these beauty contests on Chinese culture.According to an online article in the Global Times, the government has ordered all TV stations to stop showing 22-year-old fashion model Ma Nuo after she made comments that Chinese audiences deemed 'too materialistic.'

On a TV dating show, Ma refused an unemployed man's offer of a bicycle ride, saying: 'I would rather weep in a BMW than smile [on your] bicycle.'但直言不讳的评论家们，就美女争嫁富豪类征婚活动对中国文化的冲击非常不安。据《环球时报》一篇在线文章称，政府已下令所有的电视台封杀22岁的时装模特马诺，此前她的言论让中国观众认为“过于功利化”。

之前在一个电视婚恋节目《非诚勿扰》中，马诺拒绝了一位失业男士的求婚，她说，“我宁愿坐在宝马里哭，也不坐在自行车后座上笑”。

钻石王老五征婚：美女蜂拥 媒体炮轰

中国各地五万多名年轻美女报名应征与18位年轻的单

身男富豪约会的机会，这是美女争嫁富豪潮流的新一波，媒体、网络甚至中国政府一直在对这种活动进行严厉谴责。

ZUMApress.com舟山国际海洋小姐大赛的参赛选手为拍摄合影摆姿势。这次活动是在线组织的，第一轮竞争在几个大城市同步举行。据《人民日报》(People's Daily)英文网络版报道，大多数应征者未能通过风水师审查她们是否有“旺夫相”这一关，已失败回家。

仅有18名进入决赛的美女将最终获得约会机会，如果幸运的话，还将嫁给合适的年轻男士。

《中国日报》(China Daily)网络版评论反映出多数公众对这一事件持完全否定态度，抨击这种活动是“拜金”，并指责这种作法是将女性视为性玩物。评论人张天频（音）批评说，这是一种可耻的行径，使得众多中国人仇视富人。

他说，精英人士不应化大钱找美女结婚，而应将钱用于造福社会等活动

有人为这类活动辩解说，至少这些女性是成熟的，不光凭外表入选。自由撰稿人黄云翔（音）说，男性追求的女性条件是：相貌好、有气质、心态平和、性格好、受过良好教育、有高尚的价值观、有爱心而且要尊重婚姻。的确，大多数应征者年龄为28至30岁之间，受过大学教育，且有稳定的工作。

近年来，中国的精英婚恋活动、电视婚恋节目及婚恋网

络呈逐渐增加趋势。一家高端婚恋网站钻石王老五征婚网(Golden Bachelor Matchmakers)雇佣“爱情猎头”在全国搜寻1.65米至1.72米的魅力女性。而后举行入场费昂贵的奢侈派对将这些精心挑拣出来的美女与富豪配对。

钻石王老五征婚网总裁徐天立接受《中国日报》采访时说，富豪们用钱不可能找到真爱。他们只是想有最好的选择。

但直言不讳的评论家们，就美女争嫁富豪类征婚活动对中国文化的冲击非常不安。据《环球时报》一篇在线文章称，政府已下令所有的电视台封杀22岁的时装模特马诺，此前她的言论让中国观众认为“过于功利化”。

之前在一个电视婚恋节目《非诚勿扰》中，马诺拒绝了一位失业男士的求婚，她说，“我宁愿坐在宝马里哭，也不坐在自行车后座上笑”。

英汉翻译 ： Mother's Letter to the World Dear World：

My son starts school today．It’s going to be strange and new to him for a while．And I wish you would sort of treat him gently． You see，up to now，he’s been king of the roost．He’s been boss of the back yard．I have always been around to repair his wounds，and to soothe his feelings．

But now― things are going to be different．

This morning，he’s going to walk down the front steps，wave his hand and start on his great adventure that will probably include wars and tragedy and sorrow．To live his life in the world he has to live in will require faith and love and courage．

So，World，I wish you would sort of take him by his young hand and teach him the things he will have to know．Teach him―but gently，if you can．Teach him that for every scoundrel，there is a hero；that for every crooked politician there is a dedicated leader；that for every enemy there is a friend．Teach him the wonders of books．

Give him quiet time to ponder the eternal mystery of birds in the sky，bees in the sun，and flowers on the green hill．

Teach him it is far more honorable to fail than to cheat．Teach him to have faith in his own ideas，even if everyone else tells him they are wrong．Teach him to sell his brawn and brains to the highest bidder，but never to put a price on his heart and soul．Teach him to close his ears to a howling mob．．．and to stand and fight if he thinks he’s right．Teach him gently，World，but don’t coddle him，because only the test of fire makes fine steel．

This is a big order，World，but see what you can do．He’s such a nice little fellow． 亲爱的世界：

我的儿子今天开始上学。在一段时间内，他都会感到既陌生又新鲜。我希望你能对他温柔一点。

你知道，直到现在，他一直是家里的小皇帝；一直是后院的主人。我一直在他身边，为他料理伤口，给他感情上的慰藉。

可是现在———一切都将发生变化。今天早晨，他将走下屋前的台阶，挥挥手，踏上他伟大的冒险征途，途中也许会有战争、悲剧和伤痛。要在他必须生存的世界中生活需要信念、爱心和勇气。

所以，世界，我希望你握住他稚嫩的手，教他必须知道的一些事情。教他———但如果可能的话，温柔点儿。教他知道，世界上有一个恶棍，就有一个英雄；有一个奸诈的政客，就有一个富有奉献精神的领袖；有一个敌人，就有一个朋友。教他感受书本的魅力。给他时间，去安静地思索自然界中永恒的神秘：空中的小鸟，阳光下的蜜蜂，青山上的花朵。教他知道，失败比欺骗要光荣得多。教他要坚信自己的思想，哪怕别人都予以否定。教

他可把自己的体力和脑力以最高价出售，但绝对不要出卖自己的心灵和灵魂。教他对暴徒的嚎叫置若罔闻„„并且在认为自己是对的时候站出来战斗。以温柔的方式教导他，世界，但不要溺爱 他，因为只有烈火才能炼出真钢。

这是个很高的要求，世界，但请你尽力而为。他是一个多么可爱的小伙子。