武汉大学大一下英语期末复习试题1

第一篇：武汉大学大一下英语期末复习试题1

Driving through the deserted town we saw _____(很多)burn-out house.2 Take any job opportunity that ____(出现)。3 Let us not____(想得太多)your past mistake.4 They walked away ____(手拉手）Private employment agencies may not ____you interests ___(对——深切关心)，6 Parents cant not always have the school __their __for their children.7____(相反),the lives of girls of well-to-do family were often very sheltered.8 I will __a piece of cake__(留着)for you.9 He ____（常会）lose his temper in difficult.10 Some pants_____(易于)a particular disease.11 Try to see the problem __new__(从—的观点)light 12The country is_____（受到—的控制）severe winter storms.13 He did not want to r____(竞选)President in that year 14 You could become a good musician but you lack of practice is___you __(阻碍).15 The boss is ___ good ___（处于—的心情）today.16 It is difficult to ___(了解---的情况)all the new ideas and developments in the education.17 We urge women to ___(急切地寻求)that help.18 Her boss ___ all the ___(接受荣誉)instead

第二篇：中南大学期末英语对话口语考试,大一下

Situation one A:Candy, have you found the umbrella doesn't work in Changsha? B:What's your point? A;You know , it's impossible to use such an umbrella to keep away from the downpour(倾盆大雨)in Changsha.B:Yes ,I agree with you ,and it seems never let up(停止).When you reach school through the rain,you get wet.A:To be honest, I really can't stand the climate in Changsha, it is so humid and hot in summer and too cold in winter.when rainy days,the clothes is always sticky,so there is a terrible smell on them.B:It is ture,I often miss the lovely sunshine,because I can hardly see the sun here.It's always cloudy and never clear up.A:I dislike the humid and cold rainy days,it make me unhappy and I often caught a cold because of that.B:You're really unlucky!I think you should put on more close to keep warm in winter,though they make you feel a little uncomfortable.Well,let's keep our fingers crossed that tomorrow will be a sunny day！

Situation two A:Oh,Candy,have you ever finished your work? B:Yes, I just got them done ,so,I'm free now~!Whant can I do for you? A:Well,what about dining out?I know there is a restrant just opened yesterday.B:It is lunch time

B:That sounds great!Are you ready to order? A:I want to try the chef's special recommendations —— Sichuan style crispy whole fish ,home-sryle bean curd(家常豆腐)and egg drop soup(蛋花汤).As for dink, Bud Light(百威)is fine to me, what'll you have to drink ,Candy? B:I'd like a glass of Orange juice.And A:Okay,and It's my treat!B:I think we should sharing the expenses,We are friends,so we are equal,and I can pay for my part.A:Come on ,it's my Birthday,so let me pay for it.Situation three B: Candy,you looks pale,what happened? A:It's my sister, she finds a boyfriend recently.....I'm really worring about her.B:How old is your sister? A:She's 16.B:Well,I think she 's not a little girl any more,and she owns the ability to cope it.A:But I think she should spends her times on her study.The boy might take her attention away!B: So ,as her elder sister,you should give her some advice,and tell her what ture love is and how to love.And you know,in fact ,sometimes,loves make people active.A:Yes,it's time for me to have a talk with her.Thank you!B:No worries,things will be better~-----------------------------Doctor ：Hello,miss.Sit down,please.你好，小姐。请坐。Mary：Hi，I am feeling terrible.你好，我感觉糟糕透了。Doctor：Oh，what's wrong with you?哦，你怎么了？ Mary：I think I have a sore throat.我想我得了咽喉炎。DoctorWhat cause the illness?什么导致了这个病? Mary：I didn't close the window before went to bed last night.我昨晚睡觉前没关窗 Doctor：Oh,I know.Open your mouth and say‘Ah’.哦，我知道了。张开你的嘴说‘啊’。Mary：Ah.啊。

Doctor：Please open your mouth wide so that I can look at your throat.请把你的嘴张大一些以便于我能看到你的喉咙。Mary：Ah.Is it serious?啊。严重吗？

Doctor：Hmm，I think it's nothing serious.Don't worry about it.嗯，我想没什么严重的。不要担心它。

Mary：But what should I do to get well?但是我需要怎样做去康复? Doctor：I will give you some medicine.Here，take these pills。Three pills a time and three times a day.我将会给你一些药。这里，吃这些药片。一次三片，一日三次。Mary：What else should I do?我还需要做些别的什么吗？

Doctor：You should have a good rest.And you must remember don't eat hot food and don't drink cold water.你要好好休息。你必须记住不要吃辣的食物和不要喝冷水。Mary：Ok,I will.好的，我会。

Doctor：I hope you will get well soon.我希望你快点好起来。Mary:Thank you.谢谢你。

Doctor：It's a pleasure.Bye.不用谢。再见。Mary：Bye-bye,doctor.再见，医生。Doctor：Next.下一个。Situation Four A:hey, Kitty look at the two mp4 on the computer screen,which one do you think better? B:I prefer the green one.Are you shopping on line? A:Yes,I have do this several times,and I love it.It's so convinient!B:But I think it's not a good way.Imagine that you pay for the goods,but when they post it to you,you found it is far from what you expected.You know the picture doesn't always tell trueth.A:But you can go to the shop to pick up things,then keep their style and grand in mind.When you come back home,you can use the Internet researching them and buy them from Internet.Usually,their price on Internet is much less than in shops.B:That's okay, however,you have to wait for long time before you got the things,the feeling is so terrible...A:Well,if you try several times , you'll be used to it.Situation five

A:I like your hair syle very much!...How nice of you to say so.B:Oh,Candy, what are you saying? A:Ur,well,I'm just practising my spoken English on line.B:oh,what a special way!So you can communicate with many excellent English speaker from many other places,don't you? A:Yes!And you can choose to practice alone too.So you needn't worry the problem that your partner get bored!B:So,can you recommends some useful web to me? A:Of course!

Situation six A:What can I do for you? B:I need a dress for my friend's birthday party.A:Okay,so what color do you prefer?the lovely pink or the serious black? B:Neither,I love white.A: Yeah,white always suits beautiful ladys~ladys look elegant in white,and it's fashionable this season.How about the one overthere? B:That's good.Well,I need a middle size.A:Oh, I'm afraid that there is only a small size ,but if you like,we can order one for you.B:How long does it take? A:About one week.B:What a pity, the party is at tomorrow evening.Thank you ,but I think I should choose some other dress.Situation six B:Hi!Joe,what are you thinking? You look quite exciting.A:Listen,I got a strange dream last night ,there was a beautiful girl in it ,and she tells me some numbers.I keep it in my mind and brought a lottery with the numbers I heared today.I think I will win a lot of money!B:So, you are considering how to spend the money ? A:Right, I can buy many new dress with it and never worries about the rest life.Should I make a trip aroud the world? B:no,no,no.I think you should put it in the bank for a rainy day.A:But I want a new life different from now!B:Well, you can devided the money into two parts ,and put one part of it into banks,and you can.use the other part to change your life!A:That's a useful advice,thank you Joe~

第三篇：大一下学期英语期末复习例句

Unit 7

我们刚开始一个新的工作,肯定会有很多东西不熟悉.(be bound to)

Whenever we start a new job,there are bound to be a lot of things we may not be familiar with.这种新药已经成功地用在动物身上,但这并不意味着它在人类身上也适用.(be applied to)This new medicine/drug has successfully been used on animals,but this doesn’t mean that it can be applied to humans.他这次演讲比赛没能得第一名主要是因为他缺乏信心.(lack of)

His failure to win the first prize in the speech competition is largely due to his lack of confidence.对于一般人来说,忧郁症(depression)很容易跟压力混淆,因为忧郁症也可以是某些压力的反应.(be confused with)

To the general public,depression can be easily confused with stress,as it may be a response to some types of stress.世界粮食的生产将越来越难跟上世界人口的日益增长.(keep pace with)

It is becoming increasingly difficult for world food production to keep pace with the continuing 且让我再次感谢大家的参与,祝你们工作顺利.(it remains to sb.to do sth.)

For now,it remains to me to thank you once more for joining us and wish you good luck in your work.我一开始就说过,他会给我们惹麻烦的.(right from the beginning)I said right from the beginning that he would cause us trouble.Unit 4

只有那些有过类似经历的人,才能够完全理解这一点.(live through)

Only those who have lived through s similar experience can fully appreciate this./The only people who can fully appreciate this are those who have lived through a similar experience.科学家们一直没弄明白这些粒子是怎么形成、又是如何相互作用的.(figure out)

Scientists have been hard pressed to figure out how these particles form/are formed and interact(with one another).我要特别感谢每一个在这些年来以不同方式做出了贡献的人.(in one way or another)

I’d like to express my special thanks to everyone who has contributed over the years in one way or another.团队环境中员工个人的成功能带来公司的成功.(result in)

growth of the world’s population.要成功地得到一份工作,需要很多因素一起发挥作用,这些因素包括你的技能、文凭和工作经验.(come into play)

To successfully get a job,a lot of factors need to come into play,including your skills,diploma and work experience.Unit 8

法官要求记者不要公开受害人的姓名.(disclose)

The judge asked the reporters not to disclose the name of the victim.老师费尽苦心务使我们全都理解他说的话.(take pain to do sth.)The teacher took pains to make sure that we all understood what he said.最近学校在学业优秀的学生中进行了一项调查.(conduct,attain)

Recently the school conducted a survey among those students who have attained academic excellence.他说他要接受这份工作,我们要求他写封信证实.(confirm)

He said he would accept the job,so we have asked him to confirm his acceptance by writing us a letter.乔治学习很努力,他要尽量利用学习的机会.(make the most of)

George studies very hard.He wants to make the most of his chance to learn.我们不能去。第一,天太冷.另外,我们正忙着.(to begin with)We can’t go.To begin with,it’s too cold.Besides,we’re busy.该是有人公开讲清楚这些基本事实的时候了.(speak up)

It’s about time that someone spoke up for these basic truths/facts.不要说做这事没用,长远看会有好结果的.(pay off)

Don’t say it is profitless to do this.The effort will pay off in the long run.Unit 1

在生活中,我们最愚蠢的行为就是太执著于自己的东西,不愿意放弃.(cling to sth.,let go)In life,our stupidest course of action is to cling too much to what we have and refuse to let go.我愿意在IT行业工作,但我不知如何着手.(go about sth.)

I am willing to work in the IT industry,but have no idea how to go about it.许多人都已意识到与大自然和谐相处的重要性.(aware of,in harmony with)Many people are aware of the importance of living in harmony with nature.像“代沟”这样的问题是不可以被掩盖起来的.(sweep…under the carpet)Problems like the generation gap cannot be swept under the carpet.我始终不懂什么事在使他烦心.(eat away at)I never did understand what was eating away at her.他一生都与世无争.(at peace with)

He has been at peace with the world all his life.他没有说出自己的想法.一则她未必理解,二则他怕自己得不到她的宽恕.(for one thing…,for another…)

He did not speak out/say what he thought.For one thing,she might not understand.For another,he was afraid that she might not forgive him.随着岁月流逝,他对中国文化越来越感兴趣.(roll by)

As the years rolled by,he became increasingly interested in/fascinated by Chinese culture.Unit 2

这种情景总是令我感动,让我深思.(set sb.doing sth.)

Such a sight always moves me and sets me thinking.This is a sight that never fails to move me and set me thinking.别怪她了,在类似情况下,你自己也会这么做的.(under…circumstances)

Stop scolding/blaming her-You’d have done the same thing under/in similar circumstances.我们应当为自己所拥有的一切而心存感激,而不是对任何事情都漫不经心.(be appreciative of/grateful for,take…for granted)

We should be appreciative of/grateful for what we have instead of taking everything for granted.他也许会答应改变,但无非又是说一套做一套罢了.(It’s the same old story of)

He may promise to change,but it’s the same old story of saying one thing and doing another.我苦苦思索该怎样把这可怕的消息告诉他.(rack one’s brains about sth.,break the news to sb.)I racked my brains about how to break the terrible news to him.我将永远无法报答父母为我所做的一切.(repay sb.for sth.)

It will be impossible for me to repay my parents for everything they have done for me.The individual success of the employees in a team environment results in success for the company.这场战争,虽说从军事角度而言是成功的,却令经济几乎崩溃.(in…terms)The war,although successful in military terms,left the economy almost in ruins.他决定把自己的精力用到有益的事上,而不是整天守在电视机前.(channel sth.into…)

He decided to channel his energies into something useful,instead of being glued to/sitting in front of the TV set all day long.力量和勇气是有区别的.生存需要力量,生活需要勇气.(it takes sth.to do sth.)

There’s a difference between strength and courage.It takes strength to survive.It takes courage to live.她天生就是个非常温柔亲切的人,总是乐于向别人伸出援手.(by nature)

She was by nature a very affectionate person,always ready to give a helping hand to others.Unit 5

他为我们公司当顾问,工作中遇到困难时我们经常向他请教.(consult)

He consults for our company and we often consult him when we encounter problems in our work.不要试图去作弊---你决不会得逞的.(get away with sth.)Don’t try to cheat-you’ll never get away with it.不论可能面临什么样的困难,我父亲总是很乐观.他给我们树立了一个正面的榜样.(regardless of,role model)

My father is always optimistic,regardless of the difficulties that he may face.He is a positive role model for us.这本小说描写了20世纪二三十年代中国一个大家族的兴衰沉浮.(ups and downs)This novel describes the ups and downs of a big family during China’s 1920’s and 1930’s.做事只有好心是不够的,还要有理智.(in good faith)

It is not enough to act in good faith.We also need to act reasonably.考试前开夜车(burn the midnight oil),你也许能考个好分数,但从长远看,平时用功才能真正取得学业成功.(in the long run)

You may score good marks by burning the midnight oil before the exams,but in the long run you have to study hard every day to achieve academic excellence.不要长时间盯着电脑屏幕,每过一阵就要抬眼看看远处.(once in a while)

Don’t stare at the computer screen for too long.Raise you eyes once in a while and look into the distance.从别人所犯的错误中吸取教训是很有益处的.(to one’s advantage)It’s to your advantage to learn from the mistakes of others.Unit 6

只有通过反复实践我们才能学习和进步.(by trial and error)

It is only by trial and error that we learn and progress/make progress.你应该知道心灵的教育是很重要的.它会使你与众不同.(distinguish…from…)

You should know that the education of the heart is very important.It will distinguish you from others.一个追求完美的人对痛苦的容忍度往往很低.周围的事物会让他们看不顺眼.(strive for,a low threshold of)

A person who strives for perfection tends to have a low threshold of pain.Things around bother them.他们认为正直是个原则问题,愿意为之牺牲一切.(a matter of,for sth.’s sake)

They regard honesty as a matter of principle and they are willing to sacrifice everything for its sake.人们根据你交往的朋友来判断你.如果与坏人为伍,你就是自找麻烦.(invite)

People judge you by the company you keep.You’re inviting trouble if you get into bad company.直言不讳(speak one’s mind)、不顾其他人的感受不是一种美德.(without regard to)Speaking your mind without regard to other people’s feelings is not a virtue.她的敏感令她承受的痛苦比普通人所能想像的要多.(expose…to…)

Her sensitivity exposes her to more suffering and pain than ordinary people can imagine.我们必须使人们意识到保护环境的必要性.(awaken sb.to sth.)We must awaken people to the need to protect our environment.

第四篇：七年级下英语期末试题

七年级下英语期末试题

小宋自制

一.单项选择。（25x1分=25分）

1.--Henry, whereyour pen pal come from?--He is an Englishman，but heBeijing now.C

A.does, livesB.do, live inC.does, lives inD.is, live

2.--there any giraffes in?--Yes, the weather is veryD.A.Are, Africa, hotB.Is, African, warmC.Is, Africa, coolD.Are, Africa, cold

3.Steve isAmerican writer, but he can speakChinese.C

A.a, manyB.an, muchC.an, a little ofD.the, a lot

4.Be, Jim.Your sister is.A.shy, readingB.busy, sleepingC.quiet, playingD.quiet, studying

5.--Hi, Julie.Let’s go out.--Sorry, therea lot of homework for me to do.A.play, areB.to play, isC.playing, isD.to play, are

6.I am happy that you are coming.Let meyou the waymy house.A.tell, ofB.say, toC.speak, ofD.show, to

7.I’m new here.Let’s.A.be friendsB.to be friendlyC.be friendD.to be a friend with you

8.--What is your uncle?--He is.--What’s he doing now?--He is working.He is always busynight.A.a waiter, inB.at work, duringC.watching TV, atD.a doctor, at

9.--There are so many desks here.Which is Julia’s?--Thebetween you and.A.ones,IB.one,meC.ones,meD.one,I

10.--Listen!There is a boyin the music room.--Do you know?

A.telling, himB.singing, heC.singing, himD.playing guitar, it

11.--does she like winter?--he likedays.A.What, so, snowB.Why, Because, snowyC.Why, Because, snowD.How, But, snowing

12.Walkthe Street, and you will find a supermarket in front of you.A.acrossB.outC.throughD.at

13.Whenyour fatherthere?

A.do, want goingB.does, wanting to goC.does, want to goD.is, wanting go

14.It’s 10:00 a.m.,he is still in bed.A.butB.andC.orD.so

15.--Whatthey?--A new book.It’s very interesting.A.are, talking aboutB.do, talk toC.do, talking withD.are, talking with

16.Weclean our classroom, because it’s too dirty.A.mayB.canC.mustD.have to

17.It’s May 1st.My familyvacation.A.are all haveB.all are onC.are all havingD.are all on

18.The newsterrible.We areat it.A.sound, surpriseB.sounds, surprisingC.sounds, surprisedD.is sounding, surprised

19.There are many people on the grass.Some areon it.are playing games.A.lying, OthersB.lieing, OtherC.lying, The otherD.lie, Others

20.--Where do we meet tomorrow?--You can waitthe bus station.A.inB.atC.forD.out

21.Thank youme sohelp.A.for giving, muchB.for give, manyC.to give, manyD.to give, much

22.--What’s the boy doing?--He’shis sweater.It’s cold outside.A.puttingB.putting onC.wearingD.in

23.--Do you likeweather?--No, because we can’t play soccerrainy days.A.rain, inB.rain, onC.rainy, inD.rainy, on

24.--Gina, why aren’t you watching TV now?--The TV show is, so I ama book.A.bored, watchingB.boring, readingC.bore, lookingD.boring, look

25.Tom’s father is a good.He canAustralian and Chinese food.A.cooker, cookB.cook, cooksC.cook, cookD.cooking, cooker

二.完形填空(10 x1分=10分)

Mr.Green is_1__Englishman.Last month he left England for Spain(西班牙)._2__the first morning after he came to Madrid(马德里),he_3_out for a walk.In England people drove(驾驶)_4_the left, but in Spain theydrove on the _5_.Mr.Green__6_know this, and when he was crossing(穿过)a _7_ street, a car knocked(撞)him down.Mr.Green stood up.He __8_around and said, “Where am I?”.An old woman was selling maps__9_him, and she quickly(迅速的)come to Mr.Green and said, “Map of the __10__?

(B)1.A.a.anC.the(B.)2.A.onInC.At

(C.)3.A.goesB.getswent(C.)4.A.onB.atin

(C.)5.A.leftB.middleright(A.)6.didn’tB.C.doesn’t

(C.)7.A.noisyB.quietbusy(C)8.A.sawB.looked.found

(B.)9.A.neartoC.for(B.)10.A.towncityC.mountain

三.阅读理解。（15x2分=30）

Passage A

阅读这封电子邮件，判断所给句子是否与文章符合。符合的用T表示，不符合的用F表示.From: Lisa @yahoo.comTo: Jenny@sohu.com.cnSubject: Come to my party!

Hi, Jenny.I will(将要)have a party this Friday at my home.Some friends will come.They are from my class.My cousin Peter is coming, too.He is nice.So I want you to meet him.Do you want to come? We will play games and have a talk.Then we will eat dinner.Everybody will bring food or drinks(饮料)for the party.The party will start at 4:00 p.m.We will have it for four hours.Can you come? Call me soon!

()1.The E-mail is from Jenny to Lisa()2.Lisa will have a party on Friday morning.()3.Lisa and her friends study in the same(相同)class.()4.Jenny doesn’t need to bring any of food and drinks for the party.()5.The party finishes(完成)at 8:00 p.m.Passage B

阅读短文及广告，从A，B，C，D中选择正确的答案。

My brother and I like sports very much.We like running, playing basketball, swimming and so on(等等)Of all the sports we like swimming best(最)Swimming is really interesting.If you swim in the pool, you look like a lovely(可爱的)fish.Very cool!You will be happy if you can swim.If you often swim, you will be healthy.Swimming can bring you a lot of fun.Come and enjoy swimming with us in the following two clubs.StarClub

SwimmingMon---Sun.8:00 p.m.---9:00 p.m.Basketball Mon---Sun.8:00 a.m.---5:00 p.m.Volleyball Sat.---Sun.10:00 a.m.---6:00 p.m.Tel: 4562435E-Mail: star@sina.com

HealthClub

SwimmingMon---Fri.3:00 p.m.---8:00 p.m.BasketballFri---Sun.8:30 a.m.---6:00 p.m.Tel: 7899654

()66.The writer and his brother likebest of all.A.sportsB.basketballC.footballD.swimming

()67.The writer thinks it’sto swim often.A.very boringB.like a cool fishC.excitedD.good for health

()68.The writer wants to swim on Sunday.Where can he go?

A.Star Club.B.Health Club.C.A and BD.He can’t swim on Sunday.()69.If you want to join swimming in the afternoon, where can you find them?

A.Star Club.B.Health Club.C.A and BD.You can’t find them.()70.Which club can you send(发送)e-mails to?

A.Star Club.B.Health Club.C.A and BD.No club has.Passage C

阅读短文，从A，B，C，D中选择正确的答案。

What will the weather be like? Some people say they can know what the weather will be like from birds.When they see birds fly（飞）high(高)out to the sea(海), they know it is a nice day, because birds don’t like to fly out when it will rain.When the weather will be bad, the birds come back to the beach.A big wind may come with a rain.Birds do not like to fly in a big wind.They may sit in a tree when rain is coming.Other animals can also tell the weather.It’s a cloudy day.The rain is coming.Chickens(小鸡)aren’t quiet, and they are running here and there.Frogs(青蛙)are making（发出）big noise(声音)in the pool.If it is a nice day, the frogs will come out of the water(水).71.What’s the best(最好的)title（题目）for the passage（短文）? A.WeatherB.BirdsC.SeaD.Rain

72.How many kinds of animals can we find in the passage?A.OneB.TwoC.ThreeD.Four

73.We can play beach soccer when birds.A.fly in the sky(天空)B.come backC.play on the beachD.B and C

74.When there is rain, frogs are not.A.in the poolB.out of the waterC.making a big noiseD.swimming in the water

75.What does the underlined(划线的)word “tell” meanin the article(文章)?

A.告诉B.判断C.说D.谈话

四.词汇运用。根据句意，用所给词的正确形式填空。（5x1分=5分）

76.The sun is shining today.It’s(sun).77.Two(music)are singing at the party.78.It often(rain)hard in Chongqing in summer.79.Look!Your mother ______ ___________(take)photos on the Great Wall.80.He works at the TV station.He is a(report).五.根据要求进行句型转换，每空一词。（10x1分=10分）

1.Kate wants to clean the room every day.(变为一般疑问句)Kateto clean the room every day?

2.Linda plays the guitar on Sunday.(用now替换划线部分)Lindathe guitar now.3.There are many interesting books in that bookstore.(变为单数句子)

Thereinteresting book in that bookstore.4.John is having a walk along the street.(变为否定句)Johna walk on the street.5.It’s windy and cloudy today.(对划线部分提问)the weather today?

6.My grandfather is reading in the garden.(对划线部分提问)is your grandfather?

7.What does he do?(变为同义句)his?

8.He is wearing a black T-shirt.(变为否定句)Hea black T-shirt.9.All the people are having a great time.(变为同义句)is having.10.It’s snowing.(变为同义句)It’s a.六.短文填空。根据文章内容和首字母填入所缺单词。一空一词（10x1分=10分）

Paul and Judy are studying in Scotland(苏格兰).There are m1mountains(山)in the country(乡村).On Tuesday, they want to climb(爬)a beautiful mountain.The weather man says it is f2today.They put on w 3clothes because it is cold in the mountain.After two hours, they reach(到达)the top(山顶).The mountain l4very beautiful.But they don’t see there are some dark(深色的)c5in the sky(天空).Soon a heavy rain c6with a big wind.So they put on t7raincoats.They sit u8the tree and wait f9the rain to stop.After they come back, they s 10to their friends: “It’s an exciting trip but kind of dangerous.”

1._______2._______3._______4.______5._______

6._______7._______8._______9._______10._____

七.作文(10分)

假如你家附近有一个动物园,有熊猫,老虎,考拉,大象,狮子,海豚等等,请根据提示词写一篇30-50字的作文。要求：内容完整，语句通顺，连贯，书写工整.提示词:zoo ,animals , kind of , like , because , interesting.

第五篇：武汉大学商业银行经营管理期末复习总结

商业银行概述

1、什么是商业银行？其主要职能是什么？ 创新中的商业银行：商业银行是以获取利润为目标，以经营金融资产和负债为手段的综合性、多功能的金融企业。主要职能：（1）信用中介；（2）支付中介；（3）金融服务；（4）信用创造；（5）调节经济。2、20世纪90年代以来商业银行发展特点是什么？（1）银行经营智能化；（2）经营方式网络化；（3）机构网点虚拟化；（4）业务综合化、全能化；（5）银行资产证券化。

3、银行在处理信息不对称问题的竞争优势是什么？（1）信息揭示优势；（2）信用风险的控制和管理优势。

4、如何认识商业银行经营目标间的关系？

三性之间对立统一，既有矛盾性，也有统一性。矛盾性：（1）资金利用率；（2）财务杠杆比率；（3）证券及贷款期限；（4）存款结构。统一性：（2）盈利性与安全性；（2）盈利性与流动性。

银行资本管理

1、四种不同的银行资本的意义是什么？

（1）会计资本：一是资本的可获得程度以及投资方式，二是如何降低资本金的成本；（2）监管资本：保护存款人的利益，监管资本是银行稳健性的指示器；（3）风险资本：在没有任何监管要求的情况下，实际需要的资本是多少；（4）经济资本：股东的投资总额，银行产生财务困难时可用来吸收损失的最低资本数量，当银行的经济资本总量接近或超过其监管资本时，说明银行的风险水平正在超出其实际承受能力。

2、戴维·贝勒的银行资产持续增长模型的主要思想是什么？ 由内源资本所支持的银行资产的年增长率称为持续增长率，由于资本的限制，决定了银行资产的增长率等于银行资本的增长率，公式表明银行资产持续增长率与三大变量：资产收益率（ROA）、留成盈余比（1－DR）、资本充足率（EC/TA）之间的数量关系。

3、内源资本支持银行资产增长的主要限制因素有哪些？ 资本充足率；总资产收益率；留存盈余比率。

4、比较分析不同外源资本来源的利弊。普通股：（1）在银行净收入增加时，面临股东要求增加红利分配的压力；（2）新股票发行的交易费用一般要高于其他的外源资本形式；（3）当银行发行较多的新股票时，现有的大宗持有人将面临失去控股能力的威胁。后期偿付债券（债务资本）：优点：（1）此类债券享有免税优待，可降低筹资成本；（2）后期偿付债券不影响股东对银行的控股权，因而在发行过程中不会受到股东的反对；（3）发行此类债券有可能提高股票收益率。缺点：（1）法定的偿还本金和利息的压力；（2）在利率变动的情况下，后期偿付债券可能会加大银行的负担。优先股票：（1）当银行普通股票的市场价格低于其票面价格时，发行普通股票会进一步降低股价与收益率，而发行优先股票则可以减缓股价与收益率的下降；（2）优先股票不同于长期债券，不存在偿债基金负担；（3）优先股票的红利分配在总量上小于普通股票，其发行成本相对低于普通股票。金融租赁合同：（1）银行只需提供设备价款20%~40%的资金，就可以获得设备的所有权，享受全部的所有权利益；（2）租赁利率比后期偿付债券利率低1%~2%。这种租赁合同实质上相当于银行的借贷资本。

银行的负债业务

1、银行负债业务在其经营中的主要作用是什么？（1）负债是银行经营的先决条件；（2）负债是保持银行流动性的手段；

（3）银行负债是社会经济发展的强大推动力；（4）银行负债构成流通中的货币量；

（5）负债是银行同社会各界联系的主要渠道。

2、影响存款定价的主要因素是什么？（1）当地市场的竞争状况；（2）保持本行应有的利差。

3、银行短期借款的主要途径和管理重点是什么？ 主要途径：

（1）向中央银行借款；（2）同业借款；

（3）转贴现和转抵押；（4）向国际金融市场借款。管理重点：

（1）主动把握借款期限和金额，有计划地把借款到期时间和金额分散化，以减少流动性需要过于集中的压力；

（2）把借款到期时间和金额与存款的增长规律相协调，争取利用存款的增长来解决一部分借款的流动性需要；

（3）通过多头拆借的办法将借款对象和金额分散化，力求形成一部分可以长期占用的借款金额；

（4）正确统计借款到期的时机和金额，以便做到事先筹措资金，满足短期借款的流动性需要。

4、试分析银行发行金融债券筹措资金的利弊。优点：

（1）筹资范围广，可跨地区进行，不受银行原有存贷关系的约束；

（2）可通过各地证券机构代理发行，不受银行自身网点和人员数量约束；

（3）债券的高利率和流动性的结合，对客户有较大的吸引力，有利于提高筹资速度和数量；

（4）发行债券是银行的主动负债，银行可根据资金运用的项目需要，在债券发行的期限、规模、时机等方面尽量使资金来源与资金运用相匹配；

（5）债券筹资不向中央银行缴纳准备金，有利于提高资金的利用率。缺点：

（1）筹资成本较高；

（2）债券发行数量、利率、期限均受管制；（3）债券的流通性受市场发达程度的限制。

5、不同种类金融债券的特点是什么？（1）一般性金融债券（四种划分）；（2）国际金融债券。

银行现金资产管理

1、商业银行现金资产的构成及其作用。（1）库存现金；（2）准备金；（3）同业存款；（4）在途资金。

2、如何预测商业银行的资金头寸? 对存取款的预测。

3、影响商业银行库存现金需要量的因素有哪些？如何测算库存现金需要量？ 影响因素：（1）现金收支规律；（2）营业网点的多少；（3）后勤保障的条件；（4）与中央银行发行库的距离、交通条件及发行库的规定；（5）商业银行内部管理。

测算：（1）库存现金周转时间；（2）库存现金支出水平。

4、影响商业银行超额准备金需要量的因素有哪些？银行如何调节超额准备金数量？ 影响因素：（1）存款波动；（2）贷款的发放与收回；（3）其他因素。调节方式：（1）同业拆借；（2）短期证券回购及商业票据交易；（3）通过央行融资；（4）商业银行系统内的调度；（5）出售其他资产。

银行信贷资产业务

1、抵押贷款的种类及其抵押贷款管理的主要内容是什么？ 种类：（1）存货抵押贷款；（2）客账贷款；（3）证券抵押贷款；（4）不动产抵押贷款；（5）寿险保单抵押贷款。管理主要内容：（1）抵押物的选择与估价；（2）抵押物品的估价方法；（3）抵押物的产权设定与登记；（4）抵押物的占管、处分。

2、简述财务比率分析及其主要内容。

财务比率分析是指在同一张财务报表的不同项目之间，或者两张不同财务报表（如资产负债表和损益表）的有关项目之间，组成某种比率，以评价企业某一方面的情况。主要内容：

（1）流动性比率；（2）盈利能力比率；

（3）结构比率，财务杠杆比率；

（4）经营能力比率：资产管理比率,资产周转率。

3、什么是交叉利率定价法？

这种定价方法给贷款人自主选择有利的利率和期限的权利，实际上是一种可变利率和可不断转期的贷款方式。

4、房地产抵押贷款信用分析的主要内容是什么（1）风险评估的主要指标；（2）外部经济环境的影响；（3）可调整利率和信用风险；（4）贷款保险。

5、简述消费信贷的种类及其管理重点。种类：（1）分期偿付贷款；（2）信用卡贷款。管理重点：信用分析的内容：（1）消费者的收入状况及收入与支出的关系；（2）职业分析；（3）资产；（4）债务。信用分析的方法：信用评分。

6、银行办理票据贴现的业务流程和操作要点是什么？ 商业承兑汇票和银行承兑汇票，签发，承兑，付款。

银行证券投资业务

1.证券投资在商业银行的投资组合中的主要功能是什么？ 1)分散风险，获取收益； 2)保持流动性； 3)合理避税。

2.市场利率与证券收益率和证券价格的关系？ 市场利率越高，证券收益率越高，证券价格越低。

3.商业银行各种证券投资策略的内容和优缺点是什么？

1)流动性准备策略。基本内容：证券投资应重点满足银行流动性需要，在资金运用安排上以流动性需要作为优先顺序的考虑。优点是实现流动性和盈利性的统一，缺点是被动，保守，消极准备；

2)梯形策略。基本内容：首先确定证券投资的最长期限N，然后把资金量均匀地投资在不同期限的同质证券上，即1/N。每年到期的证券收入现金流再投资于N年期的证券上，连续地向前滚动。优点：操作简单，可规避利率风险，可获得中等以上的平均收入；缺点：机会成本高，流动性的满足有限。

3)杠杆策略。基本内容：把投资资金分成两部分。一部分资金投资在流动性好的短期证券上，作为二级流动性准备；另一部分资金投资于高收益的长期证券。优点：有利于实现流动性，灵活性和收益性的高效组合，可有效避免利率风险，由利率波动带来的投资损益自相抵消；缺点：对银行的证券转换能力，交易能力和投资经验要求较高。4.证券组合应遵循的主要原则是什么？ 1)银行流动性组合要与流动性需求相匹配； 2)满足银行抵押担保资产的要求； 3)投资组合的风险分析； 4)纳税考虑； 5)投资风险分散； 6)利率弹性分析。

5.银行证券投资面临的主要风险是什么？如何规避这些风险？ 1)信用风险。依据社会上权威信用评级机构对债券所进行的评级分类为标准，对证券进行选择和投资组合。2)通货膨胀风险。

3)利率风险。对利率进行合理预期并据此调整投资组合，当预测能力有限时，可以合理调整投资组合的利率弹性，并使投资组合处于免疫状态； 4)流动性风险。

6.“持续期”与“证券组合的免疫性”这两个概念的含义是什么？

持续期也成久期，是指投资者真正收到该投资所产生的所有现金流量的加权平均时间。政券组合的免疫性是指指当银行无法正确预测和把握市场利率的未来变动时，则选择被动性的证券组合管理，使投资组合处于不受利率变化影响的“免疫”状态。

表外业务

1.什么是表外业务？它有什么特点？商业银行为什么要开展表外业务？ 表外业务指商业银行从事的，按通行会计准则不列入资产负债表内，不影响其资产负债总额，但能影响银行当期损益，改变银行资产报酬率的经营活动。开展表外业务的原因：

1)规避资本管理，增加盈利业务； 2)适应金融环境的变化； 3)转移和分散风险；

4)适应客户对银行服务多样化的需要； 5)银行拥有发展表外业务的有利条件； 6)科技进步推动了表外业务的开展。2.什么是票据发行便利？

票据发行便利是一种具有法律约束力的中期周转性票据发行融资的承诺。3.什么是远期利率协议？其主要作用是什么？ 利率远期协议是一种远期合约，买卖双方商定将来一定时间段的协议利率，并指定一种参照利率，在将来清算日按规定的期限和本金数额，由一方向另一方支付协议利率和届时参照利率之间差额利息的贴现金额。主要作用：

1)锁定未来筹资成本； 2)锁定再投资收益；

3)创造浮动利率敞口（将固定利率转换为浮动利率）； 4)对浮动利率高风险段进行保值； 5)套利和投机。

4.表外业务有哪些主要的风险？如何加强对表外业务风险的监督与管理？（1）信用风险；（2）市场风险；（3）国家风险；（4）流动性风险；（5）筹资风险；（6）结算风险；（7）运作风险；（8）定价风险；（9）经营风险；（10）信息风险。方法：

（一）商业银行对表外业务的管理；

（二）对表外业务活动的监督；

（三）调整会计揭示方法。

资产负债管理

1.商业银行管理理论中，资产管理思想和负债管理思想各自强调的管理中心和所处环境差异是什么？

资产管理思想：管理中心：资产流动性。所处环境：银行业发展不成熟，金融市场不发达。负债管理思想：管理中心：银行流动性管理不仅可以通过强化和调整资产获得，而且可以通过灵活调剂负债来达到目的，即以举债的方式保持资产流动性。所处环境：严格的利率管制，资金的大量脱媒，负债工具的不断创新。

2.当预测利率处于不同的周期阶段时，银行应如何配置利率敏感资金？为什么？ 当预测利率上升时，具有正利率敏感缺口的银行应加大缺口，具有负利率敏感缺口的银行应减小缺口；

在重构资产负债时，若预测利率下降，在发放贷款时尽量采用固定利率制，在负债方面，应努力提高利率敏感资金来源。

3.持续期的经济含义和特征是什么？

持续期是指固定收入金融工具现金流的加权平均时间，即金融工具各期现金流抵补最初投入的平均时间。它是负债到期期限的增函数，是现金流量的减函数，持续期越长，对利率越敏感，利率风险越大。

4.当利率处于不同周期阶段时，资产负债持续期正缺口和负缺口对银行净值有什么影响？ 正缺口时，银行资产净值与利率反方向变化； 负缺口时，银行资产净值与利率同方向变化。5.什么是流动性缺口与流动性风险？

流动性缺口指现在和未来时点资产与负债的差额。流动性风险指不能保持必要的资金来源或者不能锁定外部资金与资产规模保持平衡的风险。6.什么是利率敏感资产与利率敏感负债？

利率敏感资产和利率敏感负债指那些在一定时期（考察期）内到期或需要重新确定利率的资产和负债。

风险管理

1、简述度量信用风险的主要方法及其利弊？（1）传统信用风险度量

1）专家法。主观色彩比较浓厚； 2）信用评分法（Z评分法）。优点：提供了信用风险量化分析的方法，使信用风险分析相对客观。缺点：线性分析方法难以充分描述各因素与违约间的非线性关系；

3）信用评级法。优点：综合各方面因素，对客户风险评价较全面。缺点：属于静态分析；用离散的信用等级变化描述信用质量，对信用风险的量化不够精确。

（2）现代信用风险度量

1）KMV模型（期权定价理论）。优点：是一个动态模型，基于对借款人股票价格变化的分析估算EDF，从而对违约概率的预测具有前瞻性。缺点：只注重对违约的预测、忽视了企业信用品质的变化、未考虑信息不对称下的道德风险；

2）JP摩根信用风险度量模型。优点：该模型是盯住贷款市值变动的多状态模型，能更精确地计量信用风险变化和损失值。缺点：该模型利用历史数据计量信用风险，仍属于“向后看”的风险度量方法。

2、常用的衡量流动性风险的主要指标是什么？（1）流动性指数；（2）存款集中度；（3）流动性比率。

3、试述银行利率风险的主要分类。（1）重新定价风险；（2）收益曲线风险；（3）基差风险。

4、什么是操作风险？操作风险主要表现在哪些方面？

操作风险就是指由于内部程序、人员、系统设计不完善或者运行失当以及因为外部事件的冲击等导致直接或者间接损失可能性的风险。操作风险就是除信用风险和市场风险之外的一切风险。

主要表现在：

（1）人员风险因素。员工欺诈等犯罪、员工越权或隐瞒、员工操作失误、违反劳动合同、人员配置失误；

（2）流程风险因素。支付清算风险、文件或合同标准文本风险、产品风险、执行风险、业务流程不当风险；

（3）IT系统及技术风险。科技投资风险、系统开发与执行、系统功能问题或失效、系统安全、法律或公共责任、风险管理模型风险；

（4）外部事件风险。法律与合规风险、犯罪、外部采购或供应商风险、政策，政治，政府风险、其他风险。