2017年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Great scientists习题

第一篇：2017年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Great scientists习题

Unit 1 Great scientists

【热点话题】

Daily routines(日常活动)分担家务 体裁：记叙文

写作思路：引出话题——具体事例——感悟

【美文诵读】

I'm an 18­year­old middle school student.I have always been too busy with my study to

help

my

parents

at home.Not_until_recently_do_I_begin_to_think_about_what_I_should_do_for_my_parents．

Last Sunday，when

my

parents

were

②①

not at home，it_occurred_to_me_that_I_could_clean_the_whole_house.At first，I swept and mopped the floor.Then I put the things in place such as books, newspapers and other things scattered in the room.I_was_wiping_the_door_when_my_parents_came_back．They were only too surprised to see what I was doing.I could see tears in my mother's eyes.At that moment, I knew it_was_time_that_I_shared_my_load_for_the_family._Tired_though _I_was，I never realized what use I can be of to my parents until that moment.【学海拾贝】

按要求完成或翻译下列句子。1．直到他摘下墨镜，我才认出他来。

Not until he took off his dark glasses did_I_recognize him.2．我突然想起我还有一些作业要做。(It occurred/occurs to sb.that...)It_occurred_to_me_that_I_had_some_homework_to_finish． ⑤

④

③3．我正在看《中国好声音》这时有人敲门。(be doing...when...)I was_enjoying the Voice of China when_there_was_a_knock_at _the_door．

4．该是我们睡觉的时候了。(It is time that...)It_was_high_time_that_we_went_to_bed． 5．尽管他很年轻，但是他知道很多。(倒装)Young_as_he_is，he knows a lot.Ⅰ.按要求写出下列单词

1．特征，特性n.characteristic 2．建设，结构，建筑物n.construction 3．过失；谴责n.& v.blame 4．积极的，肯定的，确实的adj.positive 5．小心的，谨慎的adj.cautious 6．图表 n.chart 7．医生，内科医生 n.physician 8．挑战，向„„挑战 n．& v.challenge 9．受害者 n.victim 10．预见，预知 v.foresee 11．结论，结束 n．conclusion 结论，推断出v.conclude 12．污染 v.pollute 污染 n.pollution 被污染的adj.polluted 13．贡献，捐助v.contribute 2 贡献，奉献n.contribution 14．科学的adj.scientific 科学；理科n.science 科学家n.scientist 15．宣布，通告v.announce 宣布，通告，公告n.announcement 播音员，报幕员n.announcer

用所给单词的适当形式填空。

1．It_was_concluded that he didn't tell us the truth.I came to the_conclusion that he was lying.(conclude)2．It is universally agreed that universe is endless.(universe)3．This work has_absorbed him for several years.He seemed totally_absorbed in his work.(absorb)4．The writer personally_contributed￡5，000 to the earthquake fund.All the contributions will be gratefully received.(contribute)5．The famous scientist devoted himself to scientific research and made a great contribution to science．(scientific)Ⅱ.翻译下列短语

1．提出(建议等)put_forward 2．得出结论draw_a_conclusion 3．有意义；讲得通make_sense 4．对„„严格的(be)_strict_with 5．除了„„之外apart_from 6．对„„好奇be_curious_about 7．调查look_into 8．因某事责备某人blame_sb.for_sth.9．专心于be_absorbed_in 10．对„„热情be_enthusiastic_about

Black was a policeman who(1)was_strict_with his work.Several months ago，he had a chance to read the police files and thus he found the conclusion about a murder case didn't(2)make_sense．He(3)put_forward a suggestion that the police should(4)look_into the case again though it had happened 10 years before.Black，together with his colleagues，(5)were_absorbed in the investigation and finally they(6)drew_a_conclusion that it was wrong to sentence Tackson to death.Ⅲ.重点句型

1．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.(p.2)人们不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。

neither...nor...“既不„„也不„„”，连接并列主语时，谓语动词单复数应和靠近它的主语一致，即就近原则。

Neither she nor I am going to have a picnic this weekend.她和我都不打算本周末去野餐。

——————————————————————— [模仿造句] 用上述句型完成下列句子。

昨晚王老师和他的学生们都没有看足球赛。

Neither_Mr.Wang_nor_his_students_watched_the_football_match_last_night.2．So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.(p.2)每次瘟疫爆发，数以千计的人们在恐惧中死去。

every time...在此句中相当于一个从属连词，引导时间状语从句。说明：除every time外，以下短语也可用作连词： each time 每一次，any time 任何时候，next time 下一次，the first time 第一次，the last time 最后一次。

(1)It was Mr.Ma who would come to help me every time I was in trouble.每次我陷入困境时，都是马先生来帮助我。

(2)The first time I went to see him，he was absorbed in reading in the classroom.我第一次去找他时，他在教室里潜心看书。——————————————————————— [模仿造句] 用上述句型完成下列句子。

(1)每次我去找她，她都在专心看书。

Every_time I went to see her，she was_absorbed_in reading.(2)每次我看到这张老照片，我都会想起小学时的同桌。Every_time_I_see_the_old_photo，I_will_think_of_my_ deskmate_in_the_primary_school.用上述句型翻译下列小片段。

每当我们讨论发展城市的计划时，经理和总裁既不提出任何建议，也不对别人的建议提任何意见，似乎对这件事没什么兴趣。

Every_time_we_discussed_the_plans_to_develop_our_city_neither_the_manger_nor_the_president_put_forward_any_suggestions，nor_did_they_make_any_comment_on_others'_ideas.It_seemed_that_they_were_not_enthusiastic_about_it_at_all.阅读理解解题技巧

推理判断（5）

文章的基本结构

文章的基本结构就是指文章的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。另外，我们将主题的展开方式题也归在这一类，常见的提问方式有：

How is the passage mainly developed? The passage is developed mainly by________． How is the text organized? Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? 解答此类题，仍采用略读法，重点阅读首尾段以及中间各段的首尾句，根据各段主旨及各段内在的逻辑关系来进行判断。另外，需掌握以下文体结构和说明方式的基础知识：

1．议论文的基本结构有“论点(总)—论据(分：可以有两个或多个论据)—结论(总)”或“总—分”或“分—总”三类。

2．一个段落一般由表达核心思想的主题句(topic sentence)、围绕主题句而展开的支撑句子(supporting sentences)和结论句(concluding sentence)组成。

3．说明文中常用的说明方式主要有：时间顺序(order of time)、空间顺序(order of space)、逻辑顺序(如：原因与结果、现象与本质等)、举例子(providing examples)、作比较(making comparisons)、分析原因(analyzing)、作诠释(giving explanations)、分类别、列数字、打比方、下定义、列图表、作引用、作假设、对比说明相异、类比说明相似等。

阅读下列短文节选，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。

1．In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs I would rather forget.But none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant.The work was hard;the pay was poor;and, most of all, the working conditions were terrible.First of all, the job made huge demands on my strength.For ten hours a night, I took boxes that rolled down a metal track and piled them onto a truck.I would not have minded the difficulty of the work so much if the pay had not been so poor.I was paid the lowest wage of that time—two dollars an hour.But even more than the low pay, what made me unhappy was the working conditions.During work I was limited to two ten­minute breaks and an unpaid half hour for lunch.I stayed on the job for five months, all the while hating the difficulty of the work, the poor money, and the conditions under which I worked.By the time I left, I was determined never to go back there again.How is the text organized? A．Topic—Argument—Explanation B．Opinion—Discussion—Description C．Main idea—Comparison—Supporting examples D．Introduction—Supporting examples—Conclusion 解析：本文作者在第一段首先讲述曾做过多种工作，但这些工作都不像作者在苹果工厂的工作那样可怕，这项工作辛苦、工资低和工作条件差，由此引出在该厂的工作经历(introduction)；中间三段分别描述在该厂工作是如何的辛苦、工作条件是何等的差(supporting examples)；最后一段得出“再也不愿意做”的结论(conclusion)。

答案：D 2．Unfortunately, not all of Mom's advice passed the test of medical studies.For example, generations of children have been told not to go swimming within an hour after eating.But research suggests that there is no danger in doing so.Do sweets cause tooth problems? Well，yes and no.Sticky sweets made with grains tend to cause more problems than sweets made with simple sugars.The author develops the paragraph mainly_______________.A．by cause and effect B．by order in space C．by order in time D．by examples 解析：本篇作者首先提出观点“不幸的是，母亲的忠告并不都是经得起医学研究的检验的”。接着用for example引出，举了“在吃饭后一个小时内不要游泳”“糖果会引起牙病”两条忠告与研究结果不完全相符的事实来证明作者的观点。本题的展开方式是举例。

答案：D 3.Armstrong showed a great talent for music when he was taught to play the cornet(短号)at a boy's home.In his late teens, Armstrong began to live the life of a musician.He played in parades, clubs，and on the steamboats that traveled on the Mississippi River.At that time, New Orleans was famous for the new music of jazz and was home to many great musicians.Armstrong learned from the older musicians and soon became respected as their equal.This paragraph is developed________． A．by space

B．by examples C．by time D．by comparison 解析：浏览全文，本文显然是按Armstrong的成长历程来写的，即按时间顺序来写的。答案：C

第一节 阅读理解

阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。

Since birth, Joy and Miriam were left at the gate of an orphanage(孤儿院).For the disabled sisters, who both have spina bifida(脊柱裂), it may have seemed that all hopes were lost at that time.But after being adopted by a British couple, they have become two of the country's most promising wheelchair basketball stars.In 2005, the Haizes adopted them.Then，they moved to the UK when Joy was six and Miriam was seven.The girls discovered the wheelchair basketball through a chance conversation，which Mr.Haize had with a friend in 2011.They hadn't known wheelchair sports before, but Joy was hooked from the beginning.While Miriam loved the sport, it took her a little longer to become a serious athlete.“I used to have really low selfrespect，”she said.“It's only when Joy got into the Under 25s European Championships in 2013 that I started to take basketball seriously.It gave me a path to follow.”Miriam was then chosen to play at both regional trials and the Sainsbury's School Games in 2014.Of course，she earned herself a place at the famous GB Futures training camp.“GB Futures helped me a lot.It helped me take basketball to another level and learn more about the game and its history.It also helped me be more independent，”said Miriam.Meanwhile, Joy is currently the youngest player on the GB women's team—but she is making her mark on the international stage, having represented Great Britain in tournaments(锦标赛)all over the world.The teenagers are now eager to encourage others to explore the world of wheelchair sports.“You should have confidence in yourself.That's the one thing to help you succeed.Having setbacks helped me grow into a person and player.No matter what people said to us, we just tried our best，”said the girls.1.What happened to Joy and Miriam when they were born? A.They were adopted by a British couple.B.They were abandoned to an orphanage.C.They moved to the UK with their parents.D.They lived with parents in an orphanage.2.The sisters first got to know the wheelchair basketball________.A.from GB Futures training camp B.from their P．E.teacher by chance C.from a conversation in a TV program D.from a talk between their father and his friend 3．It can be inferred from the passage that________． A．the Haizes aimed to train Joy to become the world champion B．Joy set a good example to Miriam in the wheelchair basketball C．it took Joy a long time to take the wheelchair basketball seriously D．Miriam is the youngest player on the women's basketball team 4．What suggestion did the disabled sisters give to others? A．Put your heart into work!B．A good beginning is half done!C．All roads lead to Rome.D．Believe in yourself!语篇解读：本文主要讲述了一对轮椅篮球姐妹花的奋斗故事。

1．解析：细节理解题。由文章第一段的“Since birth，Joy and Miriam were left at the gate of an orphanage”可知，患有脊柱裂的姐妹Joy and Miriam一出生就被遗弃在了孤儿院门口。

答案：B 2．解析：细节理解题。由文章第二段的“The girls discovered the wheelchair basketball through a chance conversation，which Mr.Haize had with a friend in 2011.”可知D项正确。

答案：D

3．解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段前半部分内容可知，Joy一开始就很热爱轮椅篮球，并取得了很好的成绩(Joy got into the Under 25s European Championships in 2013)，正是Joy的好成绩激励了Miriam。所以正确答案为选项B。

答案：B 4．解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Joy和Mirian姐妹的话可知，她们鼓励“年轻人一定要自信”。

答案：D 第二节 完形填空

阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～20题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。

When our restaurant business failed，we headed north in a camping truck to Texas，hoping to have a “fresh start”．

At the____1____of Palo Duro Canyon(峡谷)State Park，I ____2____ a job advertisement hiring park hosts.The position offered a____3____，permanent campsite in the park，and____4____，the hosts served as a link between the park's guests and the rangers(护林人)．It was the perfect solution: a rent­free place to reorganize our lives.We entered the park and I made an ____5____for the following day.The park was____6____，so it took us some time to find an available site.That evening，as we finished our dinner，my wife saw two large skunks(臭鼬)walking toward our table.We____7____climbed onto the table and，for the next four hours，waited for them to____8____our camp.Having survived that night，we were____9____that everything else would be all right.The next day we met with the people who ran the park.They explained our____10____and gave us a beautiful campsite.That evening，____11____，we learned about the canyon____12____．They were strong and cold, rocking our little camping truck violently，and we lay____13____in the dark until the winds died away.14____the weeks that followed，we learned to survive in our truck and____15____the little money my wife____16____by substitute teaching.Building a successful business and then losing it had left very little time for building a successful ____17____．For a time after our business____18____I thought I might lose my family as well.living in the tiny____19____with no television, we sat close together reading and talking.One evening，standing under a jeweled sky，I found myself____20____for all the hardships.We had walked the trails and climbed the canyon walls.We had become a family!1．A.back

B．entrance C.centre D．edge 2．A.sponsored B．published C．noticed D．answered 3．A.free B．safe C．convenient D．beautiful 4．A.in return B．in time C．in short D．in turn 5．A.attempt B．agreement C．appeal D．appointment 6．A.ideal B．dangerous C．crowded D．quiet 7．A.repeatedly B．eventually C．immediately D．calmly 8．A.attack B．pass C．leave D．search 9．A.satisfied B．confident C．determined D．aware 10．A.responsibilities B．requirements C．circumstances D．conditions 11．A.moreover B．therefore C．meanwhile D．however 12．A.winds B．snows C．woods D．trails 13．A.aching B．quarreling C．mourning D．shaking 14．A.After B．Between C．During D．Beyond 15．A.give away B．hand out C．live on D．put aside 16．A.borrowed B．posted C．earned D．raised 17．A.business B．family C．career D．image 18．A.started B．failed C．expanded D．declined 19．A.camp B．park C．house D．truck 20．A.desperate B．ready C．suitable D.thankful 语篇解读：：本文体栽为记叙文。题材为个人经历。文章讲述了作者生意失败后，举家去得克萨斯州开始新的生活。在应聘“park host”一职后，一家人虽然生活比较艰难，但家人之间的关系更加密切。

1．解析：根据常识可知，“我”应该在公园的入口处看到招聘信息，at the entrance of意为“在„„入口”。

答案：B 2．解析：sponsor“赞助，倡议”；publish“出版，发行”；notice“注意到”；answer“回 答”；选C表示“我”注意到了这则广告。

答案：C 3．解析：根据下文“a rent­free place to reorganize our lives”可知，这个职位提供了一个长期免费的营地。free在此处意为“免费的”。

答案：A 4．解析：根据上下文可知，对方给我们提供了免费的营地，作为回报，“我”要充当旅客和护林人之间联系的纽带。

答案：A 5．解析：根据下文“The next day we met with the people who ran the park.”可知，“我”和管理公园的负责人见了面，而在见面之前应是先预约。make an appointment意为“预约”。

答案：D 6．解析：根据下文“it took us some time to find an available site”可知，公园里的人很多，crowded意为“人多的，拥挤的”。

答案：C

7．解析：根据上下文句意可推断，我们为了躲避臭鼬立刻爬到桌子上面去，故C项符合语境。immediately“立即，马上”。

答案：C 8．解析：我们等待臭鼬离开(leave)我们的营地。答案：C 9．解析：熬过了那个晚上，我们相信其他一切事情会比较顺利的。confident“有信心的，有把握的”。

答案：B 10．解析：根据上文“The next day we met with the people who ran the park”可知，那些管理公园的人给我们解释了我们的工作职责。

答案：A 11．解析：下文描述了我们在营地生活的艰难，与上文构成转折关系，故D项符合句意。however意为“然而，不过”。

答案：D 12．解析：由下文“until the winds died away”可知答案。答案：A 13．解析：根据上文“They were strong and cold，rocking our little camping truck violently”可知，我们颤抖地躺在车里，shake此处意为“发抖”。

答案：D 14．解析：句意：在接下来的几个星期里，我们学会了如何在货车里生活。答案：C 15．解析：give away“赠送，泄露，出卖”；hand out“分发”；live on“靠„„生活”；put aside“整理，放在一边”。根据上文可知，此处指在接下来的几个星期里我们靠妻子做代课教师挣得一点钱生活。

答案：C 16．解析：此处考查固定搭配。earn money意为“挣钱”。答案：C 17．解析：根据下文“I thought I might lose my family as well”可知B项符合句意。

答案：B 18．解析：根据文章第一段“When our restaurant business failed...”可知。本句指这次失败让“我”感觉也许会失去自己的家庭。

答案：B

19．解析：根据上文“we learned to survive in our truck”可知。答案：D 20．解析：根据全文可知，虽然“我”生意失败后生活很辛苦，但家人之间的关系更加密切，由此推断“我”很感激生活中遇到的艰难困苦。thankful for意为“因„„感激”。

答案：D

第三节 语法填空

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Every morning，Lao Tse went for a walk in the dawn.He never walked with others，as he knew that people could not be quiet and that they would disturb his 1.________(silent)he experienced.But his neighbor put in 2.________request for his friend.He said，“Let him join you during your morning walk.It seems such a lovely experience to him.And he has promised to be 3.________(complete)silent.” Lao Tse agreed so the friend came along.They walked alongside each other 4.________saying one word.When they walked deeper into the woods, they came to a lake 5.________(surround)by high trees.The sun 6.________(shine)through the trees and fell in patterns on the water.It was a fantastic sight.The friend's jaw dropped and wanted 7.________(praise)the beautiful scenery.But he covered his mouth with his hand，8.________he remembered his promise.After they came back，Lao Tse was 9.________(satisfy)with his company.And he said to his neighbour，“Your friend is very nice.I'd like to walk with him again.”

So the two often walked together.But neither of them spoke anything all the way.10.________(respect)others' habits can help us make friends.语篇解读：尊敬别人的习惯才能跟别人成为朋友。

1．解析：考查名词。根据句意，他们会打扰他的安静。在形容词性物主代词之后，用名词形式。

答案：silence 2．解析：考查冠词。这里指提出一个请求，故用不定冠词。答案：a 3．解析：考查副词。形容词前面用副词修饰，表示完全地安静。答案：completely 4．解析：考查介词。根据句意，他们并肩走着，一句话也没有说。故用without。答案：without 5．解析：考查非谓语动词。lake与surround之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。

答案：surrounded 6．解析：考查时态。动作发生在过去与fell并列，故用shine的一般过去时。答案：shone 7．解析：考查非谓语动词。根据结构want to do sth.故用动词不定式形式。答案：to praise 8．解析：考查连词。这里是在解释原因，故填because，引导原因状语从句。答案：because 9．解析：考查形容词。be satisfied with sb.意为“对人某满意”。答案：satisfied 10．解析：考查非谓语动词。此处用动名词作主语。答案：Respecting 第四节 短文改错

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()画掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Last night，I couldn't find my diary which my secrets were kept.I thought my mother has taken it.She used to read my diary without letting me known and she must have done that again.In angry，I ran to her and asked her to return my diary back to me.She said she didn't take it but I didn't believe her.Just then，my little sister came to me with my diary and asked why I was looking for it.Looked at my mother，I didn't know what to do for moment.Then I apologized on what I had done.I think an apology is necessarily when we do something wrong.And we should think carefully before we act.答案：

第二篇：高考一轮复习

一、地毯式扫荡

先把该复习的基础知识全面过一遍。追求的是尽可能全面不要有遗漏，哪怕是阅读材料或者文字注释。要有蝗虫精神，所向披靡一处不留。

二、融会贯通

找到知识之间的联系。把一章章一节节的知识之间的联系找到。追求的是从局部到全局，从全局中把握局部。要多思考，多尝试。

三、知识的运用

做题，做各种各样的题。力求通过多种形式的解题去练习运用知识。掌握各种解题思路，通过解题锻炼分析问题解决问题的能力。

四、捡“渣子”

即查漏补缺。通过复习的反复，一方面强化知识，强化记忆，一方面寻找差错，弥补遗漏。求得更全面更深入的把握知识提高能力。

五、“翻饼烙饼

复习犹如“烙饼”，需要翻几个个儿才能熟透，不翻几个个儿就要夹生。记忆也需要强化，不反复强化也难以记牢。因此，复习总得两三遍才能完成。

六、基础，还是基础

复习时所做的事很多。有一大堆复习资料等着我们去做。千头万绪抓根本。什么是根本？就是基础。基础知识和基本技能技巧，是教学大纲也是考试的主要要 求。在“双基”的基础上，再去把握基本的解题思路。解题思路是建立在扎实的基础知识条件上的一种分析问题解决问题的着眼点和入手点。再难的题目也无非是基 础东西的综合或变式。在有限的复习时间内我们要做出明智的选择，那就是要抓基础。要记住：基础，还是基础。

十五、过度复习法

“过度复习法”记忆有一个“报酬递减规律”，即随着记忆次数的增，复习所记住的材料的效率在下降。为了这种“递减”相抗衡，有的同学就采取了“过度复习法”，即本来用10分钟记住的材料，再用3分钟的时间去强记——形成一种“过度”，以期在“递减时不受影响”。

第三篇：高考一轮复习方略

高考一轮复习方略

一、通盘打算 计划先行

高考一轮复习，首先要做的就是：通盘考虑，制定出切实可行的复习计划。每一阶段、每一月、每一周甚至每一天，该复习什么，怎样复习；先复习什么，后复习什么，要心中有数，作出科学合理的安排。切忌茫然无措，无的放矢。无数高考成功学子的经验证明，复习之前有一个周密且行之有效的计划，是夺取高考全胜的可靠保证。当然，计划不应与老师的整体部署相脱节，计划可随情况的变化而及时调整

二、系统把握 循序渐进

到了高三，相对而言，所学知识已臻完备，且形成体系。而高考考点的设置通常是与所学知识相对应的。复习之初，考生当识得“庐山真面目”，将所学知识来个盘点和梳理，列出清单，形成网络。最好是画出知识系统“树”，理清哪是树干，哪是树枝，哪是树叶，做到成竹于胸，了然于心。尔后要做的事情，就是分门别类、有条不紊且循序渐进地作具体细致的复习了

三、夯实基础 训练能力

首轮复习的过程，很大程度上也就是夯实基础、训练能力的过程。基本功不扎实，要想构建知识和能力的大厦，谈何容易！我们强调基础的重要，一方面是高考会直接考查基础知识且比重不小；另一方面使很多题目的解答，离开了基础知识就寸步难行（这也恰恰体现在高考当中)。所谓“细节决定成败”也即这个道理。我们强调能力的重要，是因为高考中，不少题目，尤其是大题的解答，一旦缺乏了能力，就只能望题兴叹。有鉴于斯，考生要在高考中取得理想成绩，就必须扎扎实实打牢基础，且通过足够量的训练，练就一身过硬本领。

四、讲究方法 事半功倍

复习的一般规律，是每个考生都必须遵循的。然而，选择一种适合自己的方法，对高考一轮复习尤为重要。由于考生的知识、能力，复习心里、品质、习惯等存在个体差异，故所采用的方法必须因人而异。照搬别人的经验，往往难以奏效。考生应根据自身的条件和需要，去“悟”出一条复习的路子。

送给考生四句话：夯实基础——“善记”，驾驭知识——“善思”，解决疑难——“善问”，提升能力——“善用”。

第四篇：2018年高考一轮复习

2018年高考一轮复习：基础组合练（9）

一、语言基础知识

1.下列各句中加点成语的使用，全都正确的一项是（）①根据事先得到的情报，我军在敌人的必经之路上设好埋伏，守株待兔，一举全歼了鬼子的增援部队。

②新近的“嫦娥三号”带着国人的梦想与祝福飞赴月球并成功落月，这在人类探索宇宙的征程上又写下了浓墨重彩的一笔。

③建于森林的房子，要低调而不突兀，要具有独特性，如此才能将建筑同步于自然，甚至成为周围环境中必不可少的要素，使建筑融入自然又从自然中脱颖而出。

④当社会各阶层人士都为受灾的同胞慷慨解囊时，这位据说身价过亿的富豪却细大不捐，引起了大家的议论。

⑤王书记神情庄重，用和刚才一样的声调侃侃而谈，声音略微高些，以使全屋的人都能听见，口气却相当平静而严肃。

⑥这种结论，不是甲乙丙丁的现象罗列，也不是夸夸其谈的滥调文章，而是科学的结论。这种态度，有实事求是之意，无哗众取宠之心。

A.①③⑤ B.②⑤⑥ C.③④⑥ D.②④⑤ 答案 B 解析 ①守株待兔：比喻不主动地努力，而存万一的侥幸心理，希望得到意外的收获。也比喻死守狭隘的经验，不知变通。②浓墨重彩：指绘画或描述着墨多。③脱颖而出：比喻人的才能全部显示出来。④细大不捐：形容小的大的都不抛弃。⑤侃侃而谈：指人理直气壮、从容不迫地说话。⑥夸夸其谈：说话或写文章浮夸，不切实际。

2.下列各句中，没有语病的一句是（）A.全球最快的轿车车型问世！奔驰官方改装商Brabus声称，其基于奔驰顶级轿车S级打造的新款SV12RBiturbo800轿车的最高时速将能够达到每小时300多公里左右，这将使该车成为全球最快的轿车。

B.《道路与梦想——我与万科20年》一书讲述了王石的风雨人生历程，其中既有对商业法则的探索，也有对职业经理人道德底线的思考。

C.国家公祭日是缅怀过去、牢记历史的措施，也是中国在向全世界传递中华民族对于人权和文明的态度，在向全世界表达我们热爱和平、维护和平的决心与责任。

D.美国研究人员使用硅胶材料成功地仿制出新型的黏附装置，巴掌大小面积的这种材料不仅能支撑体重70公斤的成年人在玻璃幕墙上攀爬，而且双手可以自如切换。

答案 B 解析 A项不合逻辑，将“每小时300多公里左右”改为“每小时300多公里”。C项成分残缺，在“公祭日”前加“设立”。D项前后主语不一致，可在“而且”后加上“可供”，去掉后面的“可以”。

3.填入下面一段文字横线处的语句，最恰当的一项是（）看着我们周围。每一棵树、每一叶草、每一朵花，都不化妆，①它们会衰老和凋零，但衰老和凋零也是一种真实。作为万物灵长的人类，②

A.①它们面对骄阳，面对暴雨，面对风雪，都本色而自然。②为何要将自己隐藏在脂粉和油彩的后面？

B.①面对骄阳，面对暴雨，面对风雪，它们都本色而自然。②不要将自己隐藏在脂粉和油彩的后面。

C.①面对骄阳，面对暴雨，面对风雪，它们都本色而自然。②为何要将自己隐藏在脂粉和油彩的后面？

D.①它们面对骄阳，面对暴雨，面对风雪，都本色而自然。②不要将自己隐藏在脂粉和油彩的后面。

答案 C

二、古代文化知识

4.下列对词语的相关内容的解说，不正确的一项是（）A.“秩”，“秩”字从禾，从失；“禾”指五谷、俸禄，“失”意为“动态排序”。它的本义是“根据功过确定的官员俸禄”，可引申为“官吏的官阶或品级”。“贬三秩”是指“连降三级官阶”。

B.“巡抚”在明初指京官巡察地方，清代正式成为省级地方长官，地位略次于总督，别称“抚院”“抚台”“抚军”。

C.“劾”指“揭发罪状”，“弹劾”指君主时代担任监察职务的官员检举官吏的罪状，“劾死”指冒死弹劾。

D.“关西”指函谷关或潼关以西地区；“关中”所指范围不一，古人习惯上将函谷关以西地区称为关中。

答案 C 解析 “劾死”指判决死罪。

三、名句名篇默写

5.补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。(1)李白在《蜀道难》中运用的夸张手法描写秦蜀之间人迹罕至，不可逾越的句子是“，”。(2)郦道元《三峡》中“，”两句总写了三峡峰峦重叠，雄伟峻拔的山势。(3)金戈铁马。(辛弃疾《永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古》)答案(1)西当太白有鸟道 可以横绝峨眉巅(2)重岩叠嶂 隐天蔽日(3)气吞万里如虎

四、文言语段翻译

6.阅读下面的文段，翻译文中画线的句子。

王守仁，字伯安，余姚人。世宗甫即位，拜守仁南京兵部尚书。守仁不赴，请归省。守仁病甚，疏乞骸骨，举郧阳巡抚林富自代，不俟命竟归。行至南安卒，年五十七。

守仁天资异敏。谪龙场，穷荒无书，日绎旧闻。忽悟格物致知，当自求诸心，不当求诸事物，喟然曰：“道在是矣。”遂笃信不疑。其为教，专以致良知为主。学者翕然从之，世遂有“阳明学”云。(节选自《明史·王守仁传》)(1)守仁病甚，疏乞骸骨，举郧阳巡抚林富自代，不俟命竟归。(2)忽悟格物致知，当自求诸心，不当求诸事物，喟然曰：“道在是矣。”

答案(1)守仁病重，上书请求辞官回乡，举荐郧阳巡抚林富代替自己，不等上命回复就回家了。(要点：“疏”“举”，“自代”倒装句式，句意正确)(2)(守仁)忽然领悟到穷究事物原理、获得知识，应当自求于心，不应当求于事物，他感叹说：“道理在这儿了。”(要点：“格物”“诸”，句意正确)参考译文

王守仁，字伯安，是余姚人。世宗刚即位，任命守仁担任南京兵部尚书。守仁不赴任，请求回家省亲。守仁病重，上书请求辞官回乡，举荐郧阳巡抚林富代替自己，不等上命回复就回家了。走到南安病逝，享年五十七岁。

守仁天资特别聪明。被贬龙场，地处偏僻没书可看，每天推演以前看过的。(守仁)忽然领悟到穷究事物原理、获得知识，应当自求于心，不应当求于事物，他感叹说：“道理在这儿了。”于是深信不疑。他教育学生，专门以“致良知”为主。学者大多服从并采纳他的说法，世上于是有了“阳明学”的说法。

五、作文审题练

1.阅读下面的材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。

一天，诗人艾青带着一幅画来请求已88岁高龄的齐白石鉴别真伪。仔细看完后，齐白石不禁叹了一口气：“我年轻时画画多认真呀，现在退步了。”原来，这幅画正是齐白石数十年前的作品。艾青走后，齐白石一直愁眉不展。一天深夜，儿子发现父亲正坐在书桌前，一笔一画地描红。儿子不解：“您早就盛名于世，怎么想起描红这般初级的东西？”

齐白石答道：“现在我的声望高，很多人觉得我随便抹一笔都是好的，我也被这些赞誉弄得飘飘然了，无形中放松了对自己的要求。直到前几天，我看见年轻时画的一幅画，才猛然惊醒——我不能再被外界的那些不实之词蒙蔽了，所以还要认真练习，自己管住自己啊。”

此后，即便年龄越来越大，齐白石还是坚持每天画画。

要求：选好角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题；不要脱离材料内容及含意的范围作文，不要套作，不得抄袭。

审题：________________________________________________________________________ 审题提示 材料讲述的是著名画家齐白石看到自己年轻时的画作，反省自己为名誉所蒙蔽，放松了对自己的要求，从而认真练习的故事。凡围绕如何正确认识“自省”或“荣誉”立意行文，皆属符合题意。

可谈面对荣誉、地位要自省不足，要培养自省的品质；也可谈不为名誉所累，正确对待别人的赞誉，荣誉面前不骄傲、永远进取等。

如抛开“自省”或“荣誉”，谈学无止境、知错就改、严格要求自己、知行统一，也属基本符合题意。

若谈从基础做起、要认真做事、管住自己、贵在坚持等，则属偏离题意。2.阅读下面的材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。

清代文学家张潮在《幽梦影》一书中指出：能闲世人之所忙者，方能忙世人之所闲。对于这句话，你有什么看法？

要求：自选角度，确定立意，明确文体(诗歌除外)，自拟标题；不要脱离材料内容及含意的范围作文，不要套作，不得抄袭。

审题：________________________________________________________________________ 审题提示

审题时，首先要理解材料的基本含意。该材料的意思是对世人忙碌之处敬而远之，才能在世人不愿意下功夫的地方下功夫。然后深入分析，材料给出了立意的方向，即“闲世人之所忙”是“忙世人之所闲”的条件。因此考生要与材料中的世人划清界限，立意时，可以指出他们的“忙”“闲”错在哪里，怎样的“忙”“闲”才有价值等。

从自己的角度，一般正面立意，如写在世人都忙于追逐名利的时候，自己要看淡名利。若写记叙文，可以写一个在芸芸众生都追名逐利时却追求精神的丰盈的人；若写议论文，可以分析出现两种情况的原因，并论述如何让世人从追逐名利中闲下来，忙于做他们真正该做的事情。

从世人的角度，一般反面立意，如反思社会浮躁现状，思考我们应该忙什么。若写记叙文，可以写一个整天忙世人所忙的事情，结果丢掉了自己的本真的人；若写议论文，可以反思造成这样的问题的原因等。

一省吾身，知书不可不虚，虚则文理而居；人心不可不实，实则为欲不入。心灵的谦恭，为人的谨慎，才是对抗物欲诱惑的坚实堡垒，才是抵抗物欲侵蚀的不坏金身。世上再没有什么能抵得上心灵的纯净和自省吾身的高尚。既然这样，那么你不妨问问自己，我还固守着一方心灵的净土吗？当经过尘世的洗涤之后，心灵还如莲花般洁白无瑕吗？否则就要三思自省以清污、三思自省以退浊。

再省吾身，知孤云出岫，去留无一相系，朗镜悬空，静躁两不相干。自省需要我们的心空一片宁静，需要我们的情愫一片真诚，道存心底再观世界。表面的光辉与浮华太过刺眼，因为它挡住了真实；夸张的色彩与线条太过喧闹，因为它只折射出炫目的光彩，隐藏了致命的暗伤。那么，我们如何超过尘世的眼睛来重新审度？宁静而后知“致远”，淡泊而后知“明志”，让我们睁开心底那双自省的法眼，从一颗淡泊宁静的心出发来观察生活，来享受人生。

三省吾身，知情趣不在多，盆池拳石间，烟霞俱足；美景不在阔，而居篷窗竹屋之下，风月亦奢。自省，让我们清空心中的欲念，重拾身边哪怕只是微小的幸福与感动；自省，让我们清点心中的渴望，重获身边哪怕只是点滴的欢笑与泪水；自省，让我们打点生活的行装，重整身边哪怕只是丝毫的坚毅与信念，从而在自省后找到心的归属、灵魂的彼岸。

第五篇：2014山东高考英语一轮复习写作训练

2014山东题高考英语写作训练（1）

假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的内容，为校刊《英语园地》写一篇题为 “My Special Gift for Grandma” 的英文稿件，介绍你在寒假里用压岁钱为奶奶购买手机，并教会奶奶使用手机的完整过程。词数120-130。稿件的开头已给出。23 4

My Special Gift for Grandma

During winter vacation, I spent my lucky money on a special gift for Grandma._______________________________________________________________________________

One possible version

During winter vacation, I spent my lucky money on a special gift for Grandma.One Friday afternoon I went to a cellphone shop and asked the shop assistant to show me some models for the old.Then I chose one with large buttons and took it as a special gift for Grandma.I gave it to Grandma when I went to see him at the weekend.Grandma was very pleased to accept it and ready to learn how to use it.So I patiently explained to her the main functions she needed.Grandma learned very carefully and then She wanted to have a try.With my help, she succeeded in going through to her friend.That afternoon, Grandma couldn’t wait to show her new cellphone to her neighbors.She proudly told them that it was her grandson who bought it for her.Hearing that, all of them said that she had such a thoughtful grandson.(字数 138)