郑州大学期末考试英语选择试题1

第一篇：郑州大学期末考试英语选择试题1

Unit 1

Campus Life

I

1--5

CCBDC

6--10

BBDAD

I.Choose the best answer from the four choices.1.If you have mosquito problems, remember that they reproduce in water.Be sure to ______ these spots in and around your home.A.release

B.occupy

C.eliminate

D.decrease 2.In order to buy a house she had to obtain a ________ from the bank.A.finance

B.capital

C.loan

D.debt 3.The house was sold for $60,000, which was far more than its real A.cost

B.value

C.price

D.money 4.The theory of continental drift can __________ the occurrence of earthquakes.A.clear up

C.make clear

B.make use of

D.give an account for 5.The ancient Egyptians believed all illnesses were related to _________ was eaten.A.which

B.it

C.what

D.that 6.So little _________ about physics that the lecture was completely beyond me.A.I knew

B.did I know

C.I have known

D.have I known 7.I should have insisted on ________ a thorough rest before you left for New York.A.you to take

B.your taking

C.that you take

D.yours taking 8.Without the computer, we _________ the tremendous medical advancements in the last few decades.A.would not make

B.will not have made C.could not make

D.could not have made 9.___________ his help, I would not have finished the work so quickly.A.But for

B.Except for

C.Provided

D.With 10.His car broke down when he was only _________ home.A.a half way

B.half a way

C.halfway to

D.halfway

Unit 2

Housing Problem I

1--5

CACBB

6--10

BCBDB I.Choose the best answer from the four choices.1.It has always _________ me why you believe the Earth is flat.A.worried

B.wondered

C.puzzled

D.understood 2.Be careful, because that knife is very _________.A.sharp

B.fast

C.hard

D.quick 3.I should like to try that coat on, but I don't know if it is my _______.A.length

B.measure

C.size

D.pattern 4.I don't __________ that as a serious mistake.A.recommend

B.regard

C.receive

D.suggest 5.You can _________ on John to look after things while you are away.A.believe

B.count

C.suppose

D.trust 6.We didn't see him at the lecture yesterday.He A.mustn't attend

B.couldn't have attended

C.would have not attended

D.needn't have attended 7.His book was much better than similar books _______ before him.A.being written

B.having written

C.written

D.writing 8.A bottle weighs more after air is put in._________ proves that air has weight.A.We

B.It

C.Which

D.What 9.We have learned _______ the rocks on the moon are 3,500 million years old.A.how

B.which

C.what

D.that 10.___________ people say, I am sure that he is innocent.A.Whoever

B.Whatever

C.However

D.Whenever

Unit 3

Marriage & Family

I

1--5

BDBDA

6--10

BABCD I.Choose the best answer from the four choices.1.Henry looked very much ________ when he was caught cheating in the exam.A.excited

B.embarrassed

C.disappointed

D.conceited 2.He prefers driving __________ cycling.A.than

B.that

C.for

D.to 3.Luckily, most sheep __________ the flood last month A.endured

B.survived

C.lived

D.passed 4.These trees cannot be grown in such a cold _________ as ours.A.weather

B.season

C.space

D.climate 5.The hostess, dressed in her finest costume, together with the guest of honor, __________ comfortably in the living room.A.was seated

B.were seated

C.sitting

D.seating 6.The kind of books an author writes _________on the kind of person that he is． A.was depended

B.depends

C.depend

D.were depended 7.＿＿＿＿ the building for stolen goods, the police found twenty machine guns.A.Searching

B.Being searched

C.Searched

D.To search 8.It is necessary that another computer center ＿＿＿＿＿ on campus A.will be built

B.be built C.must be built

D.has to be built 9.Peter ＿＿＿＿＿ to the match, but he went.A.didn't need go

B.needn't to go C.needn't have gone

D.didn't need to have gone 10.Many colleagues came to help me;otherwise I _________ so much work in such a short time yesterday.A.would not handle

B.will not have handled C.could not handle

D.could not have handled

Unit 4

Philosophy of Life

I

1--5

DABCA

6-10

ADACB

I.Choose the best answer from the four choices.1.The exchange rate of dollars to yuan was rising _________.A.unsteady

B.stable

C.unstable

D.steadily

2.In a way, I'm glad you've made the mistake, for it _______ as a warning to you.A.serves

B.saves

C.services

D.servants 3.Love is when your lover _________ into your eyes and it warms your heart.A.glares

B.gazes

C.stares

D.watches 4.It'd be great fun for her if she would just let herself _________ and enjoy herself.A.come

B.off

C.go

D.out 5.All __________ the report, she didn't cry when the officer informed her of her husband's death.A.through

B.though

C.thought

D.thorough 6.Peter said that he wouldn't mind _________ the window.A.my opening

B.I open

C.me to open

D.for me to open 7.He was very busy yesterday;otherwise he ________ to the meeting.A.had come

B.would come

C.could come

D.would have come 8.If it __________ yesterday afternoon, I would have gone fishing.A.had not been raining

B.were not raining C.would not be raining

D.should not be raining 9._________ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist

A.That was from Stephen

B.It was Stephen whom

C.It was from Stephen that

D.It was Stephen that 10.Mr.Johnson preferred __________ heavier work to do.A.to be giving

B.to be given

C.to have given

D.having given

Unit 5

Entertainment I

1--5

ABDAC

6--10

DBACA I.Choose the best answer from the four choices.1.We are happy to find that this Italian restaurant is ________ to the one we went to last week.A.superior

B.inferior

C.lesser

D.exceeding

2.The child didn't let go of her mother's hand and was ________ to leave her mother.A.willing

B.reluctant

C.inclined

D.declined 3.My new hat is _________ to the one you have.A.familiar

B.same

C.equal

D.similar 4.As the salary is high, the __________ for the job is very severe.A.competition

B.contest

C.compliment

D.constant 5.He was _________ the gold medal for being the best player.A.rewarded

B.forwarded

C.awarded

D.towards 6.If you had told me about your problem, I _________ able to help you then.A.could be

B.had been C.would be

D.might have been 7.The matter __________ you were arguing about last night had been settled.A.as

B.that

C.for which

D.what 8.He climbed up into the tree and picked all the fruits ________ reach.A.within

B.off

C.beyond

D.inside

9.It's really no business of yours ________ I spent my summer vacation.A.there

B.in which

C.where

D.any place 10.John found __________ so complicated a question.A.it hard to answer

B.himself hard to answer C.hard for him to answer

D.himself hard answering

Unit 6

Social News

I

1--5

CDBAC

6--10

DCADB I.Choose the best answer from the four choices.1.Columbus discovered America but did not _______ the new continent.A.find

B.examine

C.explore

D.invest 2.I gave her a ________ on the back and told her she had done fine work.A.beat

B.touch

C.move

D.pat 3.In history, those who launched aggressive wars all came to a bad ___________.A.conclusion

B.end

C.finish

D.doom 4.His victories in the war ________ him the title of “The Great”.A.earned

B.provided

C.offered

D.took 5.The atmosphere _________ certain gases mixed together in definite proportions.A.consists in

B.composes

C.consists of

D.makes up 6.The proposal _______ we should import more equipment from abroad is to be discussed at the meeting.A.whose

B.in which

C.which

D.that 7.__________ from the hill top, the lake scenery is beyond description.A.To see

B.Seeing

C.Seen

D.To be seen 8.It is essential that every child __________ equal opportunity in education.A.have

B.will have

C.has

D.has had 9.He didn't know French, _________ made it difficult for him to study at a university in France.A.that

B.it

C.this

D.which 10.If the design is wrong, the project is bound to fail, __________ good all the other ideas might be.A.whatever

B.however

C.whatsoever

D.even

Unit 7

Customs and Culture I

1--5

ABDCC

6--10

ACBAD I.Choose the best answer from the four choices.1.I was on ________ last week and didn’t receive your letter.A.vacation

B.Vocation

C.action

D.venture 2.Tom _______ us in the discussion yesterday.A.attended

B.joined

C.participated

D.took part in 3.The Chinese Spring Festival falls on the first day of the first ________ month.A.global

B.round

C.solar

D.lunar 4.Tangyuan,_________ rice balls, are a special treat during the Chinese Lantern Festival.A.bitter

B.sour

C.sticky

D.spicy 5.In ancient times, people created many different ways to ________ time.A.control

B.cherish

C.measure

D.master 6.She said they were married, _________ I'm sure they aren't.A.however

B.because

C.therefore

D.moreover 7.That paper must be handed in by next week, so make sure ________ to the deadline.A.keeping

B.for keeping

C.you keep

D.your keeping 8.The criminal _______ from prison after serving his sentence.A.released

B.was released

C.will release

D.is to release 9.I am wondering ________ for Chinese people these days.A.what the dragon means

B.what does the dragon mean C.how the dragon means

D.how does the dragon mean 10._________ are thought to be lucky.A.To eat the dumpling with a coin

B.Who eat the dumpling with a coin C.That who eats the dumpling with a coin

D.Those who eat the dumpling with a coin

Unit 8

Police and Security I

1--5

DACCB

6--10

BADCB

I.Choose the best answer from the four choices.1.A man ________ the accident said that the bus was going at over 80mph when it crashed.A.observed

B.noticed

C.discovered

D.witnessed

2.With the development of the internet, the number of teenagers never of hardly reading for fun has ________ greatly in the last decade.A.increased

B.improved

C.arisen

D.raised

3.It __________ us years to find out that Father loved us very much because he never expressed it.A.spent

B.experienced

C.took

D.valued 4.It's very ________ to see children who dress just like their parents.A.general

B.broad

C.common

D.usual 5.Now too much __________ is paid to and too much money is spent in keeping pets while people in some countries are starving.A.effort

B.attention

C.notice

D.time 6._________ with the French, the British eat far less fish A.In contrast

B.In comparison

C.In conclusion

D.In addition 7.It is necessary that you _________ back from the project and _________ at it as a whole.A.step;look

B.will step;will look C.would step;would look

D.stepped;looked 8.____________ us light and heat, the sun is shining bright in the sky.A.To give

B.Give

C.Given

D.Giving 9.__________ you take a taxi, you'll still miss the train.A.But for

B.Except for

C.Even if

D.If only 10.It is common sense __________ a left-handed man's right brain is more developed.A.which

B.that

C.why

D.how

Unit 9

Advertisement Influence I

1--5

ABDDD

6--10

CACAC I.Choose the best answer from the four choices.1.You should concern yourself with what is said, not what you think ________.A.ought to be said

B.must say

C.have to be said

D.need to say 2.Often propaganda __________ people into thinking that a product is something that it is not.A.used to trick

B.is used to trick C.is used to tricking

D.used to tricking 3.The manager gets himself into a dangerous situation __________ he has no control.A.over that

B.for

C.since

D.over which 4.The West Lake is so beautiful that it is really _________.A.worthy visiting

B.worth being visited

C.worth visit

D.worth visiting 5.The computer games entertain _________ educate the learners.A.but

B.also

C.as good as

D.as well as

6.Nowadays, children prefer __________ on computers to playing with friends outside.A.to play games

B.play games

C.playing games

D.to playing games 7.As well as being very __________ about the horses' condition, the old horseman was equally concerned about their appearance when picking horses.A, particular

B.worried

C.feared

D.delightful 8.Not until the sun set __________ at the mountain village.A.had he arrived

B.could he have arrived C.did he arrive

D.might he have arrived 9.The police could give you a fine __________.A.on the spot

B.at the place

C.in the field

D.on the ground 10.The villagers all ___________ something to the new church buildings.A.gave

B.left

C.contributed

D.afforded

Unit 10

Business Communication

I

1--5

BACCC

6--10

DCBAB I.Choose the best answer from the four choices.1.Although this village is very poor now, its ________ wealth is great.A.obvious

B.potential

C.previous

D.profound

2.According to the weather report, which is usually _________ it will rain heavily tomorrow.A.accurate

B.exact

C.positive

D.perfect 3.I have great interest in a detailed _________ of your journey.A.explanation

B.message

C.description

D.illustration 4.They _________ a general understanding of the present situation.A.lack of

B.are lacking of

C.lack

D.are in lack 5.Judging from the report, we can ________ that more than 500 deaths are caused by drunken driving in England every year.A.declaim

B.decline

C.assume

D.imagine 6.It is important that this message _________ to the army on time.A.will be sent

B.is sent

C.is sending

D.be sent 7.I saw a lot of children playing in the garden, most of them ________ girls.A.are

B.were

C.being

D.have been 8.What caused the accident and who should take the responsibility _________ unknown to all.A.remains

B.remain

C.is remained

D.are remained 9.Extra security has been ordered in the city ___________ 40 civilians were left dead in a conflict between the government and the rebels.A.where

B.which

C.that

D.what 10 When _________ this machine, you must read the instructions first.A.use

B.using

C.to use

D.having used

附1：单元练习题参考答案

Unit 1

I

1--5

CCBDC

6--10

BBDAD

Unit 2

I

1--5

CACBB

6--10

BCBDB

Unit 3

I

1--5

BDBDA

6--10

BABCD

Unit 4

I

1--5

Unit 5 I

1--5

Unit 6 I

1--5

Unit 7 I

1--5

Unit 8 I

1--5

Unit 9 I

1--5

Unit 10 I

1--5

DABCA

ABDAC

CDBAC

ABDCC

DACCB

ABDDD

BACCC

6-10

ADACB 6--10

DBACA 6--10

DCADB

6--10

ACBAD

6--10

BADCB 6--10

CACAC 6--10

DCBAB 4

第二篇：郑州大学期末考试英语阅读理解

II.Reading Comprehension II 1--5

CBADB

A college professor once asked his class, “Can men and women really be just friends?” My answer is yes!I met Joe in college: in fact, our friendship began in that class.Joe quickly became my best friend: we had the same major, the same classes, and the same tastes.We spent a lot of time together studying and laughing.After college, we took jobs very far apart, but we kept in touch with the occasional emails and phone calls.Our troubles began many years later, when mutual friends decided we were perfect for one another.When we relocated to the same city, we foolishly listened to our friends and families and tried dating.It was a disaster!Our strong friendship wasn't meant to bring us together as husband and wife.We parted bitterly, with great disappointment and many angry words Eight years passed before we were able to resume our friendship.Today, we love each other dearly, but as brother and sister.Joe is still my best friend, and at his wedding last year, I acted as the bridesmaid!I cried at his wedding, tears of joy at seeing my friend's happiness.When his new baby was born, I expected it to be named after me.I sometimes think of that college professor, and how lonely I would be if I had listened to him.Cherish your college friendships without worrying about gender, and if you're lucky, some of them will last a lifetime.C1.What is the passage mainly about?

A.Love on campus.B.College friendships C.Friendship between men and women

D.Joe's wedding.2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A.Shortly after college, the author became Joe's wife.B.Men and women can really be just friends.C.They still loved each other as lovers.D.After eight years, they divorced as friends.3.What might the word “date” mean in the passage?

A.Meeting with a boyfriend or girlfriend.B.Doing something old-fashioned.C.Determining the time to do something.D.Writing a timetable.4.When did they resume their friendship?

A.After graduating from college.B.After their taking jobs.C.After the birth of Joe's new baby.D.Eight years after their parting.5.Why did the author cry at Joe's wedding?

A.Because she was sad that she couldn't be Joe's wife any more.B.Because she was overjoyed that Joe finally got his happiness.C.Because she still loved Joe and regretted that she had left him.D.Because she was excited to be Joe's bridesmaid.II.Reading Comprehension II 1--5

BDADC

After my father passed away, I found a piece of paper in his wallet.It was old and almost crumbled(破碎)away at my touch.I carefully unfolded it and found the following: Wanted: Honest men and women.Job description: Crowd control, watching, and patrolling(巡逻).You will often work with a partner, someone who must watch out for you while, you do the same for them.You must be in control of your temper when others may lose theirs.You must be physically fit, of high intelligence, and the highest moral fiber(道德力量).You must be willing to work long hours, perhaps standing or walking for the entire shift.Training: Extensive and on-going.Pay: Not very high.Benefits: The satisfaction of a job well done;positive contribution to society;the opportunity to make a real difference in the community.The knowledge that you help keep children safe.Drawbacks: Long hours, low pay, danger, and occasional loneliness and boredom.To apply, talk to the nearest Police Station about training as an officer.My father lost his life in the line of duty as a police officer.He never spoke about his work, preferring to come home to peace and quiet and to his favorite chair.But when I read this, I felt I was closer to my father.1.What is the passage mainly about? A.An advertisement put up by the author's father.B.The job as a police officer.C.The author's family.D.The death of the author's father.2.What does the phrase “pass away” mean in the passage? A.Leave.B.Go away

C.Move to another place.D.Die.3.According to the passage, how can we describe the job as a police officer? A.Dangerous and hard.B.Satisfactory.C.Interesting.D.Well-paid.4.According to the passage, what kind of person is fit for the job as a police officer? A.Honest and physically fit.B.Intelligent and moral.C.Responsible and well-disciplined.D.With the above three qualities.5.Why did the author's father never speak of his job to his family?

A.Because he wasn't interested in his job.B.Because he was too tired to speak a word.C.Because he didn't want his family to worry about him.D.Because discipline made him keep silent.II.Reading Comprehension

II 1--5

CDBDA

The family TV show Happy Days ran for 11 years from 1974 to 1984, creating several by-product series.In one episode(一集), there was a new character, an alien from outer space.He was played by an unknown actor.People roared with laughter at his crazy antics(滑稽动作).No one had seen this type of comedy before, and they protested for more.The network administrators knew they had a new star on their hands: from that single performance, Robin Williams became the star of a brand-new comedy series, Mork and Mindy.He played the character of an alien who comes to the Earth in a giant egg-shaped spacecraft.He is friendly, and observes and reports back to his planet.He sleeps standing on his head, thinks that all eggs are spacecraft, and sometimes wears his clothes backwards.His kind new friend, Mindy, helps to take care of him.They marry, and have a child together.But Mork gives birth, and the child is actually an old man who ages backward!In addition to his work as a comedian on this and other projects, Robin Williams is also an excellent dramatic actor.Anyone who has seen his films will agree that he is a man who can make you laugh, cry, think, and feel.1.Which title suits this passage best?

A.The Family TV Show Happy Days.B.The Life of Robin Williams.C.Robin Williams--An Excellent Comedy Actor.D.The Performance of Robin Williams.2.What made Robin Williams become a new star according to the passage? A.His role in Happy Days.B.This new type of comedy.C.His handsomeness.D.Both A and B.3.What does the word “alien” mean in the passage? A.A stranger from another city.B.A creature from another world.C.A foreigner from another country.D.A guest from a suburban area.4.Which of the following is NOT true about the character of an alien Robin Williams played in Mork and Mindy? A.The alien comes to the Earth in a giant egg-shaped spacecraft.B.The alien sleeps standing on his head.C.The alien wears his clothes backwards.D.The alien comes to the Earth accidentally.5.What can you learn from the passage?

A.Robin Williams is a gifted actor.B, Robin Williams is a diligent(勤奋的)actor.C.Robin Williams and Mindy married and had a child.D.Robin Williams was famous during 1974-1984.II.Reading Comprehension

II 1--5

BCBAA

The next time you're watching television, pay attention to the advertisements.Even if the ad is for a woman's personal product, or baby diapers, the chances are that a man's voice is used in the commercial.Why? Because a man's voice carries more weight and authority to many people.Advertising agencies hire psychologists to determine what makes people respond to an ad by purchasing the product.Most people are conditioned to obey their fathers.Advertisers know a kindly male voice talking about the product in the last five seconds of a commercial has a subliminal(潜意识的)effect on the consumer.The consumer obeys that voice, leading to the purchase of one brand over another.This is especially important in products that are basically the same, such as detergent, or washing powder.Research proves that most of these products are equally effective: the only difference may be the scent, or perhaps the color.But consumers may not be aware of that.There are exceptions, of course.My grandmother, who is 87 years old, is one of the few people not influenced by commercials.She turns the television sound off when a commercial comes on TV.When asked why, she replied, “Men sell that stuff.And what does any man know about washing clothes?”

1.Some products, such as washing powder, are basically the same, except for _______.A.the price

B.the scent or color

C.the expiry date

D.the purchasing method 2.The focus of the passage is on __________.A.the visual effect of ads

B.the design of ads

C.the voice in ads

D.the beauties in ads 3.The products mentioned in the passage are mainly designed for __________.A.men

B.women

C.children

D.old people 4.According to the passage, a male voice usually appears ________ an ad.A.at the end of

B.at the beginning of C.in the middle of

D.all through 5.A man's voice is often used in an ad because it carries A.more influence

B.more information C.more certainty

D.more experience

II.Reading Comprehension

II 1--5

DACCB

Anyone who thinks it’s easy being a star should meet one of the hardest-working celebrities on the planet．Liu Dehua, appearing in 108 films in 20 years, is the “No.1 Box office Actor 1985——2005” of Hong Kong.But he’s more than just a pretty face, with a separate career as a singer and musician.He's one of the Four Heavenly Kings of Canto-pop, along with Jacky Cheung, Aaron Kwok, and Leon Lai.In fact, he is in the Guinness World Records for “Most Awards Won by a Canto-Pop Male Artist”.By April 2000, Liu Dehua had won 292 awards for his singing career, with more than 179 concert appearances since 1992.If this doesn't impress you, there's one more fact you should know: he has accomplished this body of work while struggling with Hepatitis B(乙型肝炎).In 2006, Liu Dehua revealed that he has been a carrier of this 1ife-threatening condition for 20 years.Currently 3%一6% of the world’s population is infected with the Virus, but up to a third or more may have been exposed.Mr．Liu’s decision to publicly acknowledge the condition demonstrates that he is as courageous as he is hard—working and handsome.Perhaps his honesty will help others to come forth and acknowledge their illness, or seek treatment.1.Which of me following is NOT the reason for Liu Dehua's success? A.Being handsome.B.Being hardest-working C.Being honest.D.Being generous.2.Which of the following statements about Liu Dehua is NOT true according passage? A.His honesty will threaten his career.B.He is the No.1 Box 0fficeActor 1985—2005.C.He is one of the Four Heavenly Kings of Canto-pop.D.He has been infected with a dangerous disease.3.What proportion of the world’s population has been exposed to be infected with the Hepatitis B virus? A.3%—6%.B.About 1%—2% C.Above 1%—2%

D.Above 33%.4.What is the significance of Mr.Liu’s decision to publicly acknowledge his health condition? A.People win like his films and songs better.B.People will know that he is hard-working and courageous.C.His honesty will help others to make open their illness and try to get treatment.D.He may find the best treatment by publicly acknowledging his illness.5.What is the author's attitude towards Liu Dehua? A.Sympathetic.B.Positive.C.Critical.D.Objective.II.Reading Comprehension

II 1--5

CDACB

Girls dream of having the perfect wedding, but when I got engaged, I have up any dream of the perfect day.My mother has to have her own way.She’s a very nice woman, but she's convinced that what she wants is exactly what you want, and you cannot tell her otherwise.Since my parents were paying for the wedding, I kept my mouth shut, and let her decide everything!I was not married in church, but in the same hall where my brother was married.It had recently been remodeled, and all the charming features, such as a large stone fireplace, were removed.She insisted that my cousin make my wedding dress.I wanted a simple long white dress with long sleeves.My cousin made a short dress without sleeves.My cousin also added a HUGE bow on the back of the dress that looked as if I sat in a wedding cake!My mother also insisted on making the cake, but she ran out of time to frost(给„覆上糖霜)it, and a huge, plain cake was served.I wanted a single rose for a bouquet(花束);my mother insisted that my sister, a florist(花店店主), make me a huge bouquet of lilies(百合花), which I am allergic to!My mother referred to this as “my daughter’s dream wedding”.Dream wedding? More like a nightmare!

1.Why couldn't the author dream of having the perfect wedding? A.Because she was very poor.B.Because she didn't have enough time to prepare.C.Because her mother organized everything.D.Because her parents loved her sister and brother more.2.What was the author dissatisfied with? A.Her wedding dress.B.Her wedding place.C.Her wedding cake.D.All of the above.3.Why didn't the author protest against her mother's arrangements of her marriage? A.Because her parents were paying for the wedding.B.Because it's a custom to follow her brother's wedding.C.Because she was used to listening to her parents.D.Because she was afraid of her mother.4.Which of the following statement is TRUE? A.The author's mother is a dressmaker.B.The author's brother is a priest.C.The author's sister is a florist.D.The author's cousin is a baker.5.What can we infer from the passage? A.Wedding customs are different from place to place.B.The author was disappointed, and her mother the opposite.C.A successful wedding needs long preparation.D.Money is very important for weddings.II.Reading Comprehension

II

1--5

DABCD

One of the greatest philosophers of Western thought is Benjamin Franklin.Franklin is known as “the poor man's philosopher” because his simple wisdom is so clear that even 'an uneducated man could understand it.Franklin offered homilies(布道)such as “Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.” Many of these sayings were published anonymously by Franklin in his Poor Richard's Almanac.This pamphlet 小册子), which was published from 1732 to 1757, also contained a calendar, weather predictions, and poetry, and was a very popular magazine in its day.Franklin, also known as a diplomat, printer, American patriot, scientist, and inventor, contributed greatly to the development of democratic government, and to the culture of the American people.Some of his maxims found from this publication include: • Let thy discontents by thy secrets;if the worm knows them 't will despise thee and increase them.• Necessity never makes a good bargain.•Three may keep a secret, if two of them are dead.•Where there's Marriage without Love, there will be Love without Marriage.•If you'd have it done, Go;if not, Send.Ben Franklin did much to contribute to the general body of knowledge in so many areas.It is well worth the time to cultivate some knowledge of this man and his many accomplishments.1.Why is Franklin known as “the poor man's philosopher”? A.Because Franklin was probably from a poor family.B.Because Franklin's wisdom is not very well-known.C.Because the rich are not interested in his philosophy.D.Because it's easy for common people to understand his philosophy.2.What was Poor Richard's Almanac in the passage? A.A kind of magazine.B.A detective novel.C.A sales brochure.D.A history book.3.What does the underlined word “maxims” mean? A.Hobbies, interests, or social customs.B.Proverbs or some well-known life philosophy.C.Some parts that a book mainly comprises.D.Some different sections of a publication.4.Which of the following contributions of Franklin is NOT mentioned in the passage? A.The contribution to the general body of knowledge.B.The contribution to the culture of the American people.C.The contribution to the development of agriculture.D.The contribution to the development of democratic government.5.What does the author suggest at the end of the passage? A.Don't waste any minute in life.B.It's worth becoming an inventor like Franklin.C.It's a waste of time to cultivate rich and famous people.D.It's worth developing some of Franklin's wisdom.II.Reading Comprehension

II

1--5

BABDC

My mother, at age 75, is a very tough person.She looks like a tiny dainty(小巧玲珑的)doll, but she's made of steel.When she was ten, she witnessed Japanese soldiers killing her parents, leaving her the head of the household with a younger brother and sister.Other family members took her brother and sister, but she was left to fend(保护)for herself.She became a soldier, rising to a high rank, then worked in the government for a number of years.Five years ago, Mother took a tour of the United States, and was hit by a Japanese-made car accidentally.Every bone on the left side of her body was broken.Her brain swelled(肿胀), and she went into a coma(昏迷)for eight months.No one expected her to survive.One day she woke up, and the first thing she said was, “Nothing made in Japan is going to kill me!” There are so many brave and wonderful people who have survived the hell of war, and its aftermath(后果).But Mother is my favorite person.She has sweetness, a sense of humor, and determination to lead a good and full life despite everything.I wonder how many of us could face the challenges and losses she has faced, and still believe that life is a wonderful gift.1.What happened to the author's grandparents when her mother was 10?

A.Died of illness.B.Killed by Japanese soldiers.C.Divorced each other.D.Left their motherland.2.Which of the following is NOT true of the author's mother?

A.She brought up her younger brother and sister.B.She worked in the government for years.C.She ever served in the army.D.She began to fend for herself at the age of 10.3.What happened to the author's mother when she traveled to the United States several years ago?

A.She died in a car accident.B.She was badly hurt by a car.C.She survived a Japanese murder.D.She was murdered by a Japanese.4.In the author's mind, what kind of a woman is her mother? A.Tough.B.Optimistic.C.Humorous.D.All of the above.5.What's the author's attitude toward her mother? A.Critical.B.Pessimistic.C.Respectful.D.Sarcastic.II.Reading Comprehension II

1--5

BCCAD

When I lived in Canada, many people asked me about Chinese customs.I was happy to talk about our many lovely traditions, such as Spring Festival.But I was unprepared for the number of people who asked me about Japan, Korea, and India!It seemed unbelievable to me that so many people were unaware that China is a nation with its own tradition and history.Recently, while working on a new textbook at a publishing company, I asked a foreign colleague about weddings in Nigeria.She looked at me as if I were crazy, and said, “How would I know? I'm from Canada.” I told her that all foreign cultures are alike, so she should know.She threw her head back and laughed.“Xiao Li,” she told me.“I don't mean to hurt your feelings, but all countries have customs different from one another!Didn't you tell me how angry you were when Western people asked you about Japan? It's not just nations that are different: country people have different ways of celebrating from city people.Celebrations are different from family to family as well.” At first, my feelings were very hurt, but then I realized she was right.From that time on, I have not expected my foreign colleagues to know all about the customs or languages of lands other than their own!

1.Why did the author feel it was unbelievable when some Western people asked him about Japan, Korea and India?

A.Because he hadn't ever been to these countries.B.Because he didn't expect few people knew China has its own tradition and history.C.Because he didn't like these countries.D.Because he thought that those Western people were empty-headed.2.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to this passage?

A.The author was happy to talk about Chinese customs.B.The author's foreign colleague didn't know about weddings in Nigeria.C.All foreign cultures are the same.D.The author was angry when he was asked about Japan.3.What does “threw her head back” mean? A.Nodded her head.B.Shook her head.C.Faced upward.D.Moved her head to the side.4.Why did the author ask his foreign colleague about weddings in Nigeria? A.Because he thought that all foreign cultures were alike.B.Because the colleague was a Nigerian.C.Because the colleague used to live in Nigeria.D.Because the colleague was very knowledgeable.5.Which of the following can NOT be inferred from this passage? A.Celebrations are different from family to family.B.Customs are different in Japan, Korea, India and China.C.The author would never ask his foreign colleagues about the customs that are not

their own.D.The author's foreign colleague used to visit Nigeria.II.Reading Comprehension II

1--5 ABDCB

If you want to be taken seriously in the business world, you must understand how to write a proper letter.Don't use big words: use everyday language.The word “per” is often used in business communication.It's not a real word!Don't use it.Use short words, and short paragraphs.Space your paragraphs evenly and cleanly for a more professional look.The average paper can hold 66 sentences: use this guide as you format your letter, so that the bulk 大部分)of the words are nicely centered.Think about when your letter is going to reach its recipient.You don't want your letter to get lost in the end-of-the-month bills.A letter that arrives on Monday is less likely to be read carefully than one that arrives on Tuesday.A good tip: include the words “you” or “your” as one of the first three opening words.Why? It draws the reader's attention to the letter!The only thing better than this is opening with a referral(提及)to a mutual acquaintance(熟人.), as in “Liu Deming suggested that I write to you.” Readers also love stories--particularly humor--and anything in quotes.Quotation marks catch the eye, and make the letter look more inviting.Sign your letter legibly, so that your name can be read clearly.Nothing says “egomaniac” like a big, ugly scrawl(潦草的笔迹).1.What is the main idea of the passage? A.How to write a proper business letter.B.How to use everyday language in a letter.C.How to space paragraphs evenly and cleanly in a letter.D.How to use short words and short sentences in a letter.2.Which of the following sentences is NOT true according to the passage? A.Big words should not appear in a business letter.B.The word “per” should be used in a business letter.C.A letter had better arrive on Tuesday than on Monday.D.Stories or humors can be used to attract readers.3.What is a better tip on starting a business letter? A.Start the letter with the words such as “you” or “your”.B.Start the letter in a courteous manner.C.Start the letter with stories or humors.D.Start the letter with a referral to a mutual acquaintance.4.What does the word “legibly” mean in the passage? A.Properly.B.Cleanly.C.Readably.D.Evenly.5.What can be inferred from the passage? A.Writing proper business letters is of first importance in the business world.B.Following the advice in this passage, one can be taken seriously in the business world.C.People are sure to be successful in the business world if they write letters in the way proposed in this passage.D.The author ever failed in the business world because he lacked the skills in writing proper business letters.

第三篇：郑州大学操作系统期末考试重点整理

操作系统是管理系统资源、控制程序执行、改善人机界面、提供各种服务、合理组织计算机工作流程和为用户有效使用计算机提供良好运行环境的一种系统软件。

资源管理1资源复用(空分复用共享，时分复用共享)2资源虚化3资源抽象4组合使用抽象和虚化技术

1）进程抽象（2）虚存抽象（3）文件抽象（4）其他资源抽象

操作系统的作用:（1）OS作为用户接口和公共服务程序：（2）OS作为扩展计算机或者虚拟计算机（2）OS作为资源的管理者和控制者（4）OS作为程序执行的控制着和管理者 从资源管理的角度，看操作系统具有六项主要功能：处理器管理，存储管理，设备管理，文件管理，网络与通信管理，用户接口

操作系统的主要特性：并发性，共享性，异步性 并发性：指两个或两个以上事件或活动在同一时间间隔内发生。

并行性：指两个或两个以上事件或活动在同一时刻发生。关系：并行活动一定是并发的，反之并发活动未必是并行的，并行性是并发性的特例，并发性是并行性的扩展。共享性：指操作系统中的资源可被多个并发执行的进程共同使用，而不是被其中某一个程序所独占。

1，透明资源共享：必须妥善解决的问题有资源隔离，授权访问2，显式资源共享：独占资源是指同一时间段内只允许一个进程访问的资源

异步性：由计算机系统中的资源有限而进程众多，每个进程的执行并非连贯的，而是以“走走停停”的方式向前推进。多道程序设计是指允许多个程序同时进入一个计算机系统的主存储器并启动进行交替计算的方法。从宏观上看，多道程序并发运行，它们都处于运行过程中，但都未运行结束。从微观上看，多道程序的执行是串行的，各道程序轮流占用CPU，交替地执行。1，提高CPU、主存和设备的利用率，2，提高系统的吞吐率，是单位时间内完成的作业数增加。3充分发挥计算机系统部件的并行性 操作系统可分为三种基本类型： 批处理操作系统 分时操作系统.实时操作系统

通用操作系统：如果某个操作系统兼具批处理、分时、实时处理的全部或两种功能，则为通用OS

操作系统为用户提供两种调用其服务和功能的接口:程序接口：允许运行程序调用操作系统的服务和功能。许多操作系统的程序接口由一组系统调用（System Call)）组成，用户程序使用“系统调用”就可获得操作系统的底层服务，使用或访问系统的各种软硬件资源。操作接口：操作系统为用户提供的操作控制计算机工作和提供服务手段的集合，通常有操作控制命令、图形操作界面、以及批处理系统提供的作业控制语言等实现手段。内核是一组程序模块，作为可信软件来支持进程并发执行的基本功能和基本操作，通常驻留在内核空间，运行于核心态，具有访问硬件设备和所有主存空间的权限，是仅有的能执行特权指令的程序。分类可分为微内核和单内核两种类型。功能1）资源抽象2）资源分配3）资源共享。

属性1）内核是由中断驱动的2）内核的执行是连续的3）内核在屏蔽中断状态下执行4）内核可以使用特权指令。从操作系统的运行方式来看，可分成：独立运行的内核模型、在应用进程内执行的模型和作为独立进程运行的模型。处理器流可以分作以下四类：单指令流单数据流（SISD）：传统的计算机系统。单指令流多数据流（SIMD）和多指令流多数据流（MIMD）都属于并行计算机！多指令流单数据流（MISD）：在研究中

处理器现场：处理器包括一组寄存器，用于存放数据、变量和中间结果，这组寄存器所存储的信息与程序的执行有很大关系，构成了处理器现场。

特权指令是指只能提供给操作系统的核心程序使用的指令，如启动I/O设备、设置时钟、控制中断屏蔽位、清内存、建立存储键，加载PSW（程序状态字）等。

非特权指令：指供应用程序使用的、权限较低的指令。处理器状态分类：核心状态和用户状态。

核心态具体的权限有：1，CPUU运行可信软件2，硬件执行全部机器指令3，可以访问所有内存单元和系统资源4，具体改变处理器状态的能力。

用户态具有的权限有：1，CPU运行非可信软件2，程序无法执行特权指令3，访问权限仅限于当前进程的地址空间4，不具有改变处理器状态的能力 处理器状态之间的转换：(1)用户状态向核心状态的转换：一是程序请求操作系统服务，执行一条系统调用；二是程序运行时，产生了一个中断（或者异常）事件，运行程序被中断，让中断处理程序工作。这两种情况都是通过中断机构发生的。中断（异常）是用户态到核心态转换的唯一途径。(2)核心状态向用户状态的转换 ：每台计算机通常会提供一条特权指令称作加载程序状态字LPSW（Load PSW），用来实现操作系统向用户程序的转换。加载程序状态字指令的作用：把哪个程序的程序状态字加载到程序状态字寄存器中，就意味着该程序获得CPU控制权执行。

中断是指程序执行过程中，遇到急需处理的某个事件时，暂时中止CPU上现行程序的运行，转而执行相应的事件处理程序执行的过程，待处理完毕之后再返回断点（继续执行）或者调度其他程序执行。中断源是引起中断的事件。中断装置是发现中断源并产生中断的硬件。

中断源分类：1.从中断事件的性质和激活的手段来分，可以分成两类：强迫性中断事件和自愿性中断事件。2按照中断信号的来源和实现手段来分：可分为硬中断和软中断两类。硬中断可以分为外中断和内中断。

中断/异常响应需要顺序执行的四个步骤： 发现中断源，保护现场，转向中断/异常事件的处理程序，恢复现场。

进程(process)是一个可并发执行的具有独立功能的程序关于某个数据集合的一次执行过程，也是操作系统进行资源分配和保护的基本单位。

进程的属性(进程与程序比较)：(1)结构性(2)共享性(3)动态性(4)独立性(5)制约性(6)并发性 三态模型：运行态，就绪态，等待态

五态模型：新建态，终止态，运行态，就绪态，等待态 进程映像的组成进程组成主要包括：进程控制块，进程程序块，进程核心栈，进程数据块

进程控制块三类信息：标识信息、现场信息、控制信息允许发生进程上下文切换的四种情况 ：(1)当进程进入等待态时；(2)当进程完成其系统调用返回用户态，但不是最有资格获得CPU时；(3)当内核完成中断处理，进程返回用户态但不是最有资格获得CPU时；(4)当进程执行结束时。模式切换和进程切换的联系与区别：1，模式切换不一定会引起进程状态的转换，也不一定引起进程切换。,2，在完成系统调用服务或者中断处理之后，可通过模式切换来恢复被中断进程的运行。

进程控制原语：1.进程创建 2.进程的撤销 3.进程的阻塞和唤醒 4.进程的挂起和激活

线程的实现分三类：1，用户级线程2内核级线程 3混合式线程

处理器调度可分为三个级别：高级调度、中级调度和低级调度

作业和进程的关系： •作业是任务实体，进程是完成任务的执行实体；没有作业任务，进程无事可干，没有进程，作业任务没法完成。•作业概念更多地用在批处理操作系统，而进程则可以用在各种多道程序设计系统

资源竞争产生两个控制问题：一个是死锁(Deadlock)问题，就是一组进程如果都获得了部分资源，还想要得到其他进程所占用的资源，最终所有进程都将陷入死锁。一个是饥饿(Starvation)问题，是指一个进程由于其它进程总是优先于它而被无限期拖延。既要解决饥饿问题，又要解决死锁问题。解决饥饿问题的最简单策略是FCFS资源分配策略。

临界区的调度原则 :一次至多允许一个进程进入临界区内；一个进程不能无限地停留在临界区内；一个进程不能无限地等待进入临界区；

管程：属性共享性：安全性：互斥性： 进程通信分类：1）信号（signal）通信机制；2）管道（pipeline）通信机制；3）消息传递(message passing)通信机制；4）信号量（semaphore）通信机制5）共享主存（shared memory）通信机制

死锁的定义:如果在一个进程集合中的每个进程都在等待只能由该集合中的其他一个进程才能引发的事件，而无限期陷入僵持的局面称为（这一组进程）发生了死锁。

产生死锁的因素:系统拥有的资源数量。与资源分配策略。进程对资源的使用。并发进程的推进顺序。

产生死锁的四个必要条件：互斥条件：进程互斥使用资源。占有和等待条件(部分分配条件)：进程在请求资源得不到满足而等待时，不释放已占有资源。不剥夺条件：已占有的资源只能由属主释放，不允许其他进程强制剥夺。循环等待条件(环路条件)：存在一组循环等待链，其中每一个进程都在链中等待下一个进程所持有的资源，造成种族进程处于永远等待状态。

文件系统是操作系统中负责存取和管理信息的模块，文件不但反映了用户概念中的逻辑结构，而且和存放它的辅助存储器的存储结构紧密相关。一个文件必须从逻辑文件和物理文件两个侧面来观察它。逻辑结构，即记录及其逻辑关系，数据独立于物理环境； 物理结构，数据被文件系统按照某种规则排列和存放到物理存储介质上。

顺序存取:按记录顺序进行读/写操作的存取方法.主要用于磁带文件以及磁盘上的顺序文件.直接存取:以任意次序直接读写某个记录.用户提供相对块号给操作系统,绝对块号由系统换算得到.索引存取:文件专门有一个按记录关键字有序的索引表,用户通过查找索引表定位并读出记录.文件系统给每个文件建立唯一的管理数据结构，即文件控制块（FCB），也叫文件目录项。

文件目录的基本功能是将文件名转变成此文件信息在磁盘上的物理位置。为了加快文件的查找速度，通常把ＦＣＢ集中起来进行管理，组成文件目录。

目录中的文件名和管理信息分开，后者单独组成数据结构，称索引节点（i-node）

块是存储介质上连续信息所组成的一个区域，也叫做物理记录。块是主存储器和辅助存储设备进行信息交换的物理单位，每次总是交换一块或整数块信息

文件的逻辑结构分两种形式：流式文件，记录式文件 流式文件指文件内的数据不再组成记录，只是依次的一串信息集合，可以看成是只有一个记录的记录式文件 记录式文件是一种有结构的文件,包含若干逻辑记录，逻辑记录是文件中按信息在逻辑上的独立含意划分的信息单位。顺序文件(连续文件)一个文件中逻辑上连续的信息存放到存储介质的依次相邻的块上便形成顺序文件。连接文件使用连接字，又叫指针来表示文件中各个记录之间的关系.第一块文件信息的物理地址由文件目录给出,每一块的连接字指出文件下一个物理块位置

直接文件(哈希文件)记录的关键字与其地址间可通过某种方式建立对应关系，利用这种关系实现存取的文件叫直接文件。

索引文件的优点:不要求物理块连续,便于直接存取,便于文件 的增、删、改。缺点:增加了索引表的空间开销和查找时间.文件的静态共享：允许一个文件同时属于多个目录，但实际上文件仅有一处物理存储，这种文件在物理上一处存储，从多个目录可到达该文件的结构称为文件链接。要实现静态链接，只要不同目录的索引结点i-node号，指定为同一文件的索引结点即可。文件的动态共享：是系统中不同的用户进程或同一用户的不同进程并发地访问同一文件。共享关系只有当用户进程存在时才可能出现，一旦用户的进程消亡，其共享关系也就自动消失。

外围设备分为两类:存储型设备和输入输出型设备.I/O系统：I/O设备及其接口线路、控制部件、通道和管理软件的总称。I/O设备可以划分为输入型、输出型和存储型外围设备三类。按照I/O信息交换的单位, I/O设备可分为字符设备和块设备。

存储型外围设备可以划分为顺序存取存储设备和直接存取存储设备。顺序存取存储设备严格依赖信息的物理位置进行

定位和读写，如磁带机。直接存取存储设备的特点是存取任何一个物理块所需的时间几乎不依赖于此信息的位置，如磁盘。

I/O设备的4种控制方式分类：轮询方式：轮询方式又称程序直接控制方式，特点：CPU不停测试设备状态，直到设备准备就绪，开始传输数据；中断方式：启动I/O后，不必查询I/O是否就绪，继续执行现行程序。特点：不需要CPU做忙式测试，直到设备准备就绪之后产生中断。DMA方式：I/O设备能直接与主存交换数据而不占用CPU,其利用率还可提高。特点：负责数据的交换，CPU不必参与；从设备读数据，存入缓冲寄存器，这个过程与CPU无关；与内存交换数据时，是一次交换一块数据；与内存进行数据交换时，需要抢占内存总线（周期窃取），此时CPU必须等待。通道方式：为获得CPU和外围设备间更高的并行工作能力,引入了自成独立体系的通道结构。特点：通道负责管理设备与内存之间的数据传送的一切工作；数据传输完毕后，产生中断，CPU执行中断处理；数据传输中如果出错，产生中断，CPU执行中断处理。

I/O设备设备控制器或适配器，机械部件则是设备本身。操作系统基本上与控制器打交道，而非设备本身。I/O软件总体设计目标:高效率。通用性。I/O软件组织成四个层次: I/O中断处理程序。设备驱动程序。与设备无关的操作系统I/O软件。用户层I/O软件.笼统地说，设备驱动程序的功能是从独立于设备的软件中接收并执行 I/O请求。设备驱动程序主要包括三部分功能：1设备初始化2执行设备驱动例程3执行中断处理例程。SPOOLing又称为假脱机操作.Spooling技术就是利用一类物理设备模拟另一类物理设备的技术,是使独占使用的设备变成可共享设备的技术.为什么需要缓冲技术？改善中央处理器与外围设备之间速度不匹配的矛盾，协调逻辑记录大小与物理记录大小不一致，提高CPU和I/O设备的并行性。

提高磁盘I/O速度的方法:提前读:在读当前块的同时，将下一个盘块中的数据也读入缓冲区。延迟写:本应写回磁盘的缓冲区中的数据不久之后可能还会再被访问，因而不立即将其写回磁盘。虚拟盘:利用内存空间仿真磁盘，又称为RAM盘。虚拟盘中的数据在掉电或系统重启动以及发生故障时会丢失。

设备独立性带来的好处:用户与物理的外围设备无关，系统增减或变更外围设备时程序不必修改；易于对付输入输出设备的故障。

为了存放从输入设备输入的信息以及作业执行的结果,系统在磁盘上开辟两个大的存储空间,称为井.存储器的层次：寄存器、高速缓存、主存储器，磁盘，磁带。内存是程序运行的主要场所，是进程映像（进程实体）存在的主要位置。

把程序和数据的逻辑地址转换为物理地址的工作称为地址转换或重定位.一种方式是在程序装入时根据程序所装入的内存位置由装入程序依据重定位信息一次性将程序中所有的逻辑地址都转变为物理地址，称为静态重定位，不允许程序在内存中移动位置。另一种方式是在程序执行过程中，地址转换工作穿插在指令执行的过程中，每执行一条指令，CPU对指令中涉及的逻辑地址进行转换，称为动态重定位，允许程序在内存中移动位置。动态重定位必须借助于硬件的地址转换机构实现。

页框：物理地址分成大小相等的许多区域，每个区域叫做一块（或者一个页框page frame）。

页面：逻辑地址分成大小相等的区域，每个区域的大小与块的大小相等，叫做一个页面（page）。

逻辑地址形式：分页式存储器的逻辑地址由两部分组成：页号和单元号(页内位移)。页表：操作系统需为每个作业建立一张页表,该表登记该作业的页号—物理块号对应信息,系统通过页表可以准确访问内存中属于一个作业的所有页面.所以页表实际上用于完成地址变换.虚拟存储器的定义：在具有层次结构存储器的计算机系统中，采用自动实现部分装入和部分对换功能，为用户提供一个比物理内存容量大得多的，可寻址的一种“内存储器”。假定作业p共计n页，系统分配给它的主存块只有m块（１≤m≤n）。如果作业p在运行中成功的访问次数为s，不成功的访问次数为F，则总的访问次数Ａ为：A = S + F又定义：f = F / A称f为缺页中断率。影响缺页中断率f的因素有：1)主存页框数。2)页面大小。3)页面替换算法。4)程序特性。最佳页面算法(OPT)、先进先出页面淘汰算法(FIFO)、最近最久未使用页面淘汰算法(LRU)、外围设备分为两类:存储型设备和输入输出型设备。设备管理具有以下功能1外围设备中断处理。2缓冲区管理。3外围设备的分配 4外围设备驱动调度。5虚拟设备及其实现 存储型外围设备可以划分为顺序存取存储设备和直接存取存储设备。顺序存取存储设备严格依赖信息的物理位置进行定位和读写，如磁带机直接存取存储设备的特点是存取任何一个物理块所需的时间几乎不依赖于此信息的位置，如磁盘。

有三个并发进程：R 负责从输入设备读入信息块，M 负责对信息块加工处理；P 负责打印输出信息块。今提供； l）一个缓冲区，可放置K 个信息块； 2）二个缓冲区，每个可放置K 个信息块； 试用信号量和P、V 操作写出三个进程正确工作的流程。答：1 一个缓冲区：cobegin

Semaphore sread,smanager,sprint;item a[K];int rr,rm,rp;item x;

sread=k;smanager=0;sprint=0;rr=rm=rp=0;process PR()

{while(true){ P(sread);a[rr]=x;

rr=(rr+1)%K;V(smanager);} }

process PM()

{ while(true){ P(smanager);x=a[rm];rr=(rr+1)%K;V(sprint);} } process PP()

{while(true){ P(sprint);x=a[rp];

rr=(rr+1)%K;V(sread);} } Coend

(2）两个缓冲区：

semaphore swrite1, sread1, swrite2, sread2;Swrite1=swrite2=1;sread1 =sread2=0;

item A1[k],A2[k];read1=write1=read2=write2=0;cobegin

process PR { while(true){ P(swrite1);A1[write1]=x;

write1=(write1+1)%K;

V(sread1);} }process PM { while(true)

{ P(sread1);

x=A1[read1];

read1=(read1+1)%K;

V(swrite1);P(swrite2)

A2[write2]=x;

write2=(write+1)%K;V(sread2);}}process PP { while(true)

{ P(sread2);x=A2[read2];

read2=(read2+1)%K;V(swrite2);}}coend

设公共汽车上，司机和售票员的活动分别如下：司机的活动：启动车辆：正常行车；到站停车。售票员的活动：关车门；售票；开车门。在汽车不断地到站、停车、行驶过程中，这两个活动有什么同步关系？用信号量和P、V 操作实现它们的同步。

答：在汽车行驶过程中，司机活动与售票员活动之间的同步关系为：售票员关车门后，向司机发开车信号，司机接到开车信号后启动车辆，在汽车正常行驶过程中售票员售票，到站时司机停车，售票员在车停后开门让乘客上下车。因此，司机启动车辆的动作必须与售票员关车门的动作取得同步；售票员开车门的动作也必须与司机停车取得同步。应设置两个信号量：S1、S2;S1 表示是否允许司机启动汽车（其初值为0);S2 表示是否允许售票员开门（其初值为0）。用P、v 原语描述如下：

var S1 , S2 : semaphore;S1=0；S2=0； cobegin{ driver();busman();}coenddriver()begin

while(1){ P(S1)

启动车辆；正常行车；到站停车；V(S2);}end

busman()begin

while(1){ 关车门；V(51)售票;P(S2)开车门；上下乘客； }end

一条公路两次横跨运河，两个运河桥相距100 米，均带有闸门，以供船只通过运河桥。运河和公路的交通均是单方向的。运河上的运输由驳船担负。在一驳船接近吊桥A 时就拉汽笛警告，若桥上无车辆，吊桥就吊起，直到驳船尾P 通过此桥为止。对吊桥B 也按同样次序处理。一般典型的驳船长度为200 米，当它在河上航行时是否会产生死锁？若会，说明理由，请提出一个防止死锁的办法，并用信号量来实现驳船的同步。

答：当汽车或驳船未同时到达桥A 时，以任何次序前进不会产生死锁。但假设汽车驶过了桥A，它在继续前进，并且在驶过桥B 之前，此时有驳船并快速地通过了桥A，驳船头到达桥B，这时会发生死锁。因为若吊起吊桥B 让驳船通过，则汽车无法通过桥B ；若不吊起吊桥B 让汽车通过，则驳船无法通过桥B。可用两个信号量同步车、船通过两座桥的动作。var Sa , Sb : semaphore;Sa:=Sb:=1;cobegin

{ process 驳船 beginP(Sa);P(Sb);

船过桥A、B;V(Sa);V(Sb);end

process 汽车 beginP(Sa);P(Sb);

车过桥A、B;V(Sa);V(Sb);end }coend

假定磁盘有200 个柱面，编号O-199，当前存取臂的位置在143 号柱面上，并刚刚完成了125 号柱面的服务请求，如果请求队列的先后顺序是：86 , 147 , 91 , 177 , 94 , 150 , 102 , 175 , 130 ；试问：为完成上述请求，下列算法存取臂移动的总量是多少？并算出存取臂移动的顺序。(1）先来先服务算法FCFS;

(2）最短查找时间优先算法SSTF :(3）扫描算法SCAN。(4）电梯调度。答：(l）先来先服务算法FCFS 为565，依次为143-86-147-91-177-94-150-102-175-130。(2）最短查找时间优先算法SSTF 为162，依次为143-147-150-130-102-94-91-86-175-177。(3）扫描算法SCAN 为169，依次为143-147-150-175-177-199-130-102-94-91-86。(4）电梯调度为125，依次为143-147-150-175-177-130-102-94-91-86。

先来先服务算法 FCFS策略：按照作业进入系统的先后次序来挑选作业，先进入系统的作业优先被挑选。这是一种非剥夺式算法。

最短作业优先算法SJF：以进入系统的作业所要求的CPU时间为标准，总选取估计计算时间最短的作业投入运行。这是一种非剥夺式调度算法 例： 作业所需CPU 9 作业作业作业作业

•SJF的作业调度顺序为作业2、4、1、3，平均作业周转时间T =(4+12+21+31)/4= 17

平均带权作业周转时间W=(4/4+12/8+21/9+31/10)/4 = 1.98 •如果对它们施行FCFS调度算法，平均作业周转时间T =(9+13+23+31)/4 = 19

平均带权作业周转时间W =(9/9+13/4+23/10+31/8)/4 = 2.51

最短剩余时间优先SRTF算法

把SJF算法改为抢占式的调度算法：当一个作业正在执行时，一个新作业进入就绪状态，如果新作业需要的CPU时间比当前正在执行的作业剩余下来还需的CPU时间短，SRTF强行赶走当前正在执行作业 优先级调度算法

这种算法是根据确定的优先级来选取进程/线程，每次总是

选择优先级最高的作业。

第四篇：六年级英语期末考试试题

一、把下列单词归类，将序号写在“_____”上。（5分）

⑴ stronger ⑵ excited ⑶ pear ⑷ heavier

⑸ grapes ⑹ spring ⑺ bored ⑻ fall

⑼ ate ⑽ yellow ⑾ sang ⑿ blue

A.tired______ _______ B.taller________ _______

C.winter _____ _______ D.learned ______ ______

E.red _______ ______ F.banana _______ ______

二、选择。（10分）

（）1.My ruler is ________ than yours.A.long B.longer C.taller

（）2.____is your brother? He is 26 kg.He's very thin.A.How old B.How heavy C.How tall

（）3.Zhang Peng looks very sad.Because he _______yesterday.A.failed the English test.B.went to the zoo.C.played ping-pong with his friends.（）4._______ your brother ________ TV last weekend?

A.Did……watched B.Does……watch C.Did……watch

（）5.Zhao Benshan is a famous（著名的）________

A.writer B.actress C.actor

（）6.What's your favourite food?

A.Apples.B.Noodles.C.Yellow.（）7.Where did you go _________ your holiday ?

A.in B.at C.on

（）8.Did you go hiking _________ your friends?

A.and B.with C.to

（）9.What can you do? I can _________ songs.A.sing B.singing C.sang

（）10.想知道“今天是星期几”应该说：

A.What's the weather like today?

B.What's the date ?

C.What day is it today?

三、补全对话。（用所给出的句子把对话补充完整，把编号填在横线上。）（5分）

A：Hello, Mary.______________________________?

B：I went to Kunming on my holiday.A：___________________________?

B：It was warm.A：__________________________?

B:I went there by plane.A：__________________________?

B：I saw folk dances.A：Did you eat any Kunming’s snack?

B：__________________.They’re delicious.A：How did you go there?

B：What is the weather like?

C：What was the weather like?

D：Where did you go on your holiday?

E：Yes, I did.F：No, I didn’t.G: What did you do there?

四、阅读。选择正确的答案，并把字母编号写在括号里（10分）

Ben has a good time today.He does well in his English test.He gets an A grade.He is very happy the whole morning.There is a basketball match between Class A and his class in the afternoon.Ben scores a goal in the second half.It makes his class win 1 to 0.Ben and his classmates are so excited.They laugh and shout for a long time.When he gets back home, his throat is a little sore.And he has a bad headache after.He has to go to bed early early after eating some medicine.（）1.Ben is good at ________ A.Chinese B.English

（）2.Ben is very ____the whole morning, because he gets an A grade.A.happy B.sad

（）3.Ben has a ______match with Class A.A.football B.basketball

（）4.Ben feels sick ______ A.in the morning B.in the evening

（）5.Ben has to ___early after eating some medicine.A.go to school B.go to bed

五、短文填空：（用所给的单词填空，每词只准用一次）（10分）

（going happy office likes taller friend younger weekend play collecting）

Hello，I have a good ________.Her name is Lily.She is 160cm tall.She is ______ than me.But she is only 13，and I’m 14.She is _________ than me.She ________ collecting stamps.We often _________ together.This ___________，We are______ to the post _________ to buy stamps.We like _________ stamps.We are very _________.六、根据答句问问句。(5分)

1． Miss Li：_________________________？

Lily： I am 45kg.2． Doctor：_________________________?

Jack： My leg hurts.3． Tom： _________________________?

Jim ： I went to Xinjing last weekend.4． Liu： _________________________?

Chen： I like fishing yesterday.5． Lucy： _________________________?

Lily： I feel bored.

第五篇：2013郑州大学软件学院oracle数据库期末考试试题及答案(二)

A1、以下（）内存区不属于SGA。

A．PGAB．日志缓冲区C．数据缓冲区D．共享池

D2、（）模式存储数据库中数据字典的表和视图。

A．DBAB．SCOTTC．SYSTEMD．SYS

C3、在Oracle中创建用户时，若未提及DEFAULT TABLESPACE关键字，则

Oracle就将（）表空间分配给用户作为默认表空间。

A．HRB．SCOTTC．SYSTEMD．SYS

A4、（）服务监听并按受来自客户端应用程序的连接请求。

A．OracleHOME_NAMETNSListener

B．OracleServiceSID

C．OracleHOME_NAMEAgent

D．OracleHOME_NAMEHTTPServer

B5、（）函数通常用来计算累计排名、移动平均数和报表聚合等。

A．汇总B．分析C．分组D．单行

B6、（）SQL语句将为计算列SAL*12生成别名Annual Salary

A．SELECT ename,sal*12 ‘Annual Salary’ FROM emp;

B．SELECT ename,sal*12 “Annual Salary” FROM emp;

C．SELECT ename,sal*12 AS Annual Salary FROM emp;

D．SELECT ename,sal*12 AS INITCAP(“Annual Salary”)FROM emp;B7、锁用于提供()。

A．改进的性能

B．数据的完整性和一致性

C．可用性和易于维护

D．用户安全

C8、()锁用于锁定表，允许其他用户查询表中的行和锁定表，但不允许插入、更新和删除行。

A．行共享B．行排他C．共享D．排他

B9、带有()子句的SELECT语句可以在表的一行或多行上放置排他锁。

A．FOR INSERTB．FOR UPDATE

C．FOR DELETED．FOR REFRESH

C10、使用()命令可以在已分区表的第一个分区之前添加新分区。

A．添加分区B．截断分区

C．拆分分区D．不能在第一个分区前添加分区

C11、()分区允许用户明确地控制无序行到分区的映射。

A．散列B．范围C．列表D．复合C12、可以使用（）伪列来访问序列。

A．CURRVAL和NEXTVALB．NEXTVAL和PREVAL

C．CACHE和NOCACHED．MAXVALUE和MINVALUE

A13、带有错误的视图可使用（）选项来创建。

A．FORCEB．WITH CHECK OPTION

C．CREATE VIEW WITH ERRORD．CREATE ERROR VIEW

B14、在联接视图中，当（）时，该基表被称为键保留表。

A．基表的主键不是结果集的主键B．基表的主键是结果集的主键

C．基表的主键是结果集的外键D．基表的主键不是结果集的外键

D15、在列的取值重复率比较高的列上，适合创建（）索引。

A．标准B．唯一C．分区D．位图

C16、要以自身的模式创建私有同义词，用户必须拥有（）系统权限

A．CREATE PRIVATE SYNONYMB．CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM

C．CREATE SYNONYMD．CREATE ANY SYNONYM

D17、PL/SQL块中不能直接使用的SQL命令是（）。

A．SELECTB．INSERTC．UPDATED．DROP B18、以零作除数时会引发（）异常。

A．VALUE_ERRORB．ZERO_DIVIDE

C．STORAGE_ERRORD．SELF_IS_NULL

A19、要更新游标结果集中的当前行，应使用（）子句。

A．WHERE CURRENT OFB．FOR UPDATE

C．FOR DELETED．FOR MODIFY

B20、用于处理得到单行查询结果的游标为（）。

A．循环游标B．隐式游标C．REF游标D．显式游标 C21、公用的子程序和常量在（）中声明。

A．过程B．游标C．包规范D．包主体

C22、数据字典视图（）包含存储过程的代码文本

A．USER_OBJECTSB．USER_TEXT

C．USER_SOURCED．USER_DESC

C23、以下不属于命名的PL/SQL块的是（）。

A．程序包B．过程C．游标D．函数

A24、（）包用于显示PL/SQL块和存储过程中的调试信息。

A．DBMS_OUTPUT

C．DBMS_INPUTB．DBMS_STANDARD D．DBMS_SESSION

A25、Oracle的内置程序包由（）用户所有。

A．SYSB．SYSTEMC．SCOTTD．PUBLIC

A26、（）触发器允许触发操作中的语句访问行的列值。

A．行级B．语句级C．模式D．数据库级

A27、在非归档日志方式下操作的数据库禁用了（）。

A．归档日志B．联机日志C．日志写入程序D．日志文件

A28、以下哪种备份方式需要在完全关闭数据库进行（）。

A．无归档日志模式下的数据库备份

B．归档日志模式下的数据库备份

C．使用导出实用程序进行逻辑备份

D．以上都不对

B29、（）方式的导出会从指定的表中导出所有数据。

A．分区B．表C．全部数据库D．表空间

C30、（）参数用于确定是否要导入整个导出文件。

A．CONSTRAINTSB．TABLESC．FULLD．FILE