第一篇:全国2011年4月自学考试烹饪原料学(二)试题 (总分100,考试时间150
全国2011年4月自学考试烹饪原料学
(二)试题
(总分100,考试时间150分钟)
课程代码:00980
一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是最符合题目要求的,请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.A级绿色食品产地环境质量要求评价项目的综合污染指数不超过()
A.1
B.2 C.3
D.4 2.为使菜肴鲜嫩滑爽,常将原料上浆、挂糊以及勾芡等,这是利用淀粉的()
A.老化作用
B.糊化作用 C.焦化反应
D.结晶反应
3.干制品原料经风干、晒干等加工后,其含水量均低于()
A.10% B.15% C.20% D.30%
4.在畜肉类的组织结构中,含量最多的是()
A.脂肪组织
B.结缔组织 C.肌肉组织
D.骨骼组织
5.猪肉有别于其他家畜肉类的明显特征是()
A.肉质较老
B.营养更丰富 C.食用有季节性
D.含脂肪较多
6.制作常熟名产“叫花鸡”的原料是()
A.三黄鸡
B.鹿苑鸡 C.惠阳鸡
D.文昌鸡
7.祖先是雁的家禽是()
A.鸡
B.北京鸭 C.北鹜鸭
D.鹅
8.下列鱼类中有补脾利水、去瘀生新、清热祛风等功效的是()
A.鳊鱼
B.银鱼 C.乌鱼
D.鳜鱼
9.用于加工干制品鱼皮的海产鱼是()
A.鲨鱼
B.银鱼 C.乌鱼
D.鲳鱼
10.桂鱼品质最好的产期为()
A.2月~3月
B.4月~5月 C.6月~7月
D.8月~9月
11.可加工成干制品蚝豉的软体动物类原料是()A.牡蛎
B.蛤蜊 C.扇贝
D.贻贝
12.海参中体形最大的品种是()
A.刺参
B.灰参 C.大乌参
D.梅花参
13.湿面筋量一般为干蛋白质的()
A.1.5倍
B.2倍 C.2.5倍
D.3倍 14.通心粉属于()
A.米制品
B.淀粉制品 C.豆制品
D.面制品
15.下列属于碱性食品的是()
A.鱼肉
B.大米 C.鸡蛋
D.番茄 16.甘蓝又名()
A.大白菜
B.小白菜 C.卷心菜
D.芥蓝
17.含有硫化丙烯类化学物质的辣味调料是()
A.生姜
B.花椒 C.大蒜
D.胡椒
18.甜面酱的主要原料是()
A.面粉和黄豆
B.面粉和食盐 C.黄豆和食盐
D.面粉和红糖
19.因含饱和脂肪酸的量稍高,在室温下易出现浑浊现象的油脂是()
A.豆油
B.菜油 C.花生油
D.芝麻油
20.红曲米在用于菜肴染色中的使用量一般为()
A.0.1%~0.5%
B.0.6%~1.5% C.1.6%~2.0%
D.2.1%~2.5%
二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题,每小题2分,共10分)在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的,请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选、少选或未选均无分。
21.在一级分类中,按烹饪原料在烹饪中的作用可分为()
A.主配料 B.调辅料 C.植物性原料 D.动物性原料 E.添加剂
22.下列畜肉制品中属于腌腊制品的有()
A.咸肉 B.腊肉 C.火腿 D.肉松 E.肉脯
23.下列属于两栖类原料的有()
A.青蛙 B.石鸡 C.金龟 D.牛蛙 E.哈士蟆
24.下列属于干果类的品种有()
A.松子 B.核桃 C.山楂片 D.果脯 E.瓜子
25.下列属于辣味调料的品种有()
A.胡椒 B.芥末面 C.姜 D.蒜 E.花椒
三、判断题(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)判断下列各题正误,正确的在题后括号内打“√”,错误的打“×”。
26.在植物组织器官中,叶子含矿物质最多。()
A.正确
B.错误
27.蔬菜、水果储存时可以适度堆积,以保存热量。()
A.正确
B.错误
28.家畜类脱水制品干制最适宜的季节是夏季。()
A.正确
B.错误
29.野禽的蛋白质含量高于家禽。()
A.正确
B.错误
30.大闸蟹为世界性的海产蟹类,在世界许多沿海地区都有生产。()A.正确
B.错误
31.甲鱼肥嫩,质量优于山瑞,并且含有多种氨基酸,是一种难得的滋补佳品。()
A.正确
B.错误
32.在腌制蔬菜过程中,加入适量的石灰,可起到保绿的作用。()
A.正确
B.错误
33.苹果的晚熟期是在每年的12月。()
A.正确
B.错误
34.食盐在烹饪中具有增鲜、提味等作用。()
A.正确
B.错误
35.玉米油热稳定性较差,加热时会产生较多的泡沫。()A.正确
B.错误
四、名词解释题(本大题共5小题,每小题3分,共15分)36.动物性原料的成熟作用
37.皮蛋
38.海蜇
39.叶菜类
40.酱油
五、简答题(本大题共5小题,每小题5分,共25分)41.如何根据烹饪原料的新鲜度判断其品质? 42.如何鉴定我国火腿的质量?
43.简要回答咸蛋的品质鉴定方法。
44.简要回答粮食类储存的基本原理。
45.简要回答叶绿素在烹饪中的应用方法。
六、论述题(本大题共2小题,每小题10分,共20分)46.结合实际论述软体动物类原料的食用及加工方法。
47.试述豆芽的营养特点和加工特点。
第二篇:全国自学考试英语二考试试题及答案解析
上大学就上www.xiexiebang.com 高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试
英语
(二)(试卷)
课程代码:0015 本试卷分为两部分,满分100分;考试时间为150分钟。
第一部分为选择题,共50分。应考者必须在“答题卡”上按要求填涂,不能答在试卷上。第二部分为非选择题,共50分。应考者必须将答案写在“答题纸”的相应位置上,否则不计分。
PART ONE(50 POINTS)
Ⅰ、Vocabulary and Structure(10 points,1 point for each item)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
1.Wouldn’t you rather your child ______ successful with his study and won the scholarship?
A.became B.become C.would become D.becomes 2.Although Tom is satisfied with his academic achievement,he wonders_______will happen to his family life.A.it B.that C.what D.this 3.We hope that all the measures against sandstorms,________ was put forward by the committee,will be considered seriously at the meeting.A.while B.after C.since D.as 4.We cannot leave this tough job to a person_________.A.who nobody has confidence B.in whom nobody has confidence C.for whom nobody has confidence D.who everyone has confidence of 5.You are the best for the job _____ you apply your mind to it.A.until B.if only C.in case D.unless 6.Hey,leave_____!I hate people touching my hair.A.behind B.out C.off D.over 7.I thought the problem of water shortage would ________ at the meeting but nobody mentioned it.上大学就上www.xiexiebang.com A.come up B.come up to C.come over D.come to 8.Mr.Smith,can I ________ you for a minute? I’d like to hear your opinion on this issue.A.say a word with B.have words with C.mention a word with D.have a word with 9.There is a deadlock(僵局)in the discussion when neither side gives ________ to the other.A.a way B.way C.the way D.its way 10.This type of desk and chair can be adjusted ________ the height of students at different ages.A.with B.for C.to D.in Ⅱ、Cloze Test(10 points,1 point for each item)
下列短文中有十个空白,每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案,并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
For over a hundred years Japan has consistently spent large sums of money and considerable human resources in an effort to obtain technology.Her ability to negotiate __11______ by the fact that most of the technology she wanted was no commercial secrets.Japan’s _____12____has also been strengthened by the fact that her internal market was large,so that _13______ to this market could be offered to multinational companies as an attraction to them to grant licenses.Besides,Japan’s work force was disciplined,so it was capable __14___ applying the information it acquired.Finally,American and European companies,who were _15________licensers,felt that the Japanese companies might take a large share of the world market __16______ they were not limited by licensing agreement.Conditions of this sort,____17____ together in one nation,may well be unique,and the case of Japan may therefore not actually demonstrate that licensing is just as efficient as multinational ownership for the _18_______ of technology.In fact,Japan may be finding this method of operation __19______effective than in the past,as her needs for outside technology now require information which _20_______ only
上大学就上www.xiexiebang.com a few companies and is more closely held.11.A.was strengthened B.will be strengthened C.will have been strengthened D.has been strengthened 12.A.position B.location C.place D.point 13.A.entry B.access C.presence D.acceptance 14.A.at B.in C.for D.of 15.A.potential B.feasible C.liable D.inevitable 16.A.until B.before C.if D.after 17.A.came B.come C.will come D.coming 18.A.transformation B.transfer C.transmission D.shift 19.A.much B.little C.less D.more 20.A.sticks to B.belongs to C.draws on D.takes on Ⅲ、Reading Comprehension(30 points,2 points for each item)从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案,并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.One day,the principal came into our room and,after talking to the teacher,for some reason said :“I wish all of the white scholars to stand for a moment.”I rose with the others.The teacher looked at me and,calling my name,said:“You sit down for the present,and rise with the others.”I did not quite understand her.She repeated :“Yous it down now,and rise with the others.”I sat down puzzled and dumb.I saw and heard nothing.When the others were asked to rise,I did not know it.When school was dismissed,I went out unconsciously.A few of the white boys laughed at me,saying:“Oh,you’re a nigger,too.”
I hurried on as fast as I could to where my looking –glass hung on the wall in my own little room.For an instant I was afraid to look,but when I did,I looked long and earnestly.I was accustomed to hearing remarks about my beauty; but now,for the first time,I became conscious of it and recognized it.I noticed the ivory(象牙)whiteness of my skin,the beauty of my mouth,the size and liquid darkness of my eyes.I ran downstairs and rushed to where my mother was sitting.I buried
上大学就上www.xiexiebang.com my head in her lap and cried out:“Mother,tell me,am I a nigger ?”I could not see her face,but I felt her hands on my head.I looked up into her face.There were tears in her eyes and I could see that she was suffering for me.And then it was that I looked at her critically for the first time.I had thought of her in a childish way only as the most beautiful woman in the world; now I looked at her searching for defects.I could see that her skin was almost brown,and that she did differ in some way from the other ladies who came to the house; yet,even so I could see that she was more beautiful than any of them.She must have felt that I was examining her,for she hid her face in my hair and said with difficulty:“No,my darling,you are not a nigger.”She went on :“If anyone calls you a nigger,don’t notice them.”But the more she talked,the less was I reassured,and I stopped her by asking :“Well,mother,am I white ? Are you white?” She answered tremblingly:“No,I am not white,but your father is one of the greatest men in the country.The best blood of the South is in you.”This suddenly opened up in my heart a fresh fear,and I almost fiercely demanded:“Who is my father ? Where is he ?”She stroked my hair and said :“I’ll tell you about him some day.”I sobbed:“I want to know now.”She answered:“No,not now.” 21.We can infer from the passage that “a nigger ”means________.A.a white person B.a black person C.anyone that is not white D.anyone that is not black 22.When the teacher asked him to sit down and rise with the others,the author was confused because_________.A.he never considered himself a non-white person B.he thought the teacher didn’t recognize him C.he thought he should be considered a scholar D.he thought it rude for the teacher to call his name 23.It was on that day that he began to realize that _________.A.he was a nigger B.he was different from others because of his beauty C.his color was like that of his mother
上大学就上www.xiexiebang.com D.he differed from other white people even with his beauty 24.From the passage we can learn that _________.A.the boy‘s father left them for some reasons B.the boy‘s mother didn’t want to mention his father at all C.the boy never met his father before D.the boy‘s mother hated his father 25.This passage generally tells us a story of ________.A.a boy who suddenly realized that he was a colored person B.a boy who had been looked down upon because he had no father C.the miserable life of colored people D.the life of a one-parent family Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.For Americans,time is a “resource” that,like water or coal,can be used well or poorly.“Time is money,” they say.“You only get so much time in this life; you’d best use it wisely.” The future will not be better than the past or the present unless people use their time fro constructive,future-oriented activities.Thus,Americans admire a “well-organized” person,one who has a written list of things to do and a schedule for doing them.The ideal person is punctual and treasures other people’s time.The American attitude towards time is not necessarily shared by others,especially non-Europeans.They are more likely to consider time as something that is simply there around them,not something they can “use”。One of the more difficult things many foreign businessmen and students must adjust to in the States is the notion that time must be saved whenever possible and used wisely every day.In their efforts to use their time wisely,Americans are sometimes seen by foreign visitors as automatons,unhuman creatures who are so tied to their clocks and their schedules that they cannot participate in or enjoy the human interactions that are the truly important things in life.“They are like little machines running around,” one foreign visitor said.上大学就上www.xiexiebang.com The emphasis Americans place on efficiency is closely related to their concepts of the future,change and time.To do something efficiently is to do it in the way that is quickest and requires the smallest investment of resources.American businesses sometimes hire “efficiency experts” to review their operations and suggest ways in which they could accomplish more than they are currently accomplishing with the resources they are investing.Popular periodicals carry suggestions for more efficient ways to clean house,raise children,tend the yard,and so on.In this context the “fast-food industry” can be seen as a clear example of an American cultural product.McDonald’s,Kentucky Fried Chicken,Pizza Hut,and other fast-food establishments prosper in a country where many people want to minimize the amount of time they spend preparing and eating meals.The millions of Americans who take their meals at fast-food restaurants cannot have much interest in lingering over their food while conversing with friends,as millions of Europeans do.As McDonald’s restaurants have spread around the world,they have been viewed as symbols of American society and culture,bringing not just hamburgers but an emphasis on speed,efficiency,and shiny cleanliness.The typical American food,some observers argue,is fast food.26.If a person treasures other people’s time,he.A.does not waste people’s time with conversation or activity that has no beneficial outcome B.does not believe the future will be any better than the present or the past C.likes to deep a written schedule of the daily activities with him D.likes to have his meals at the fast-food restaurants to save time 27.In the eyes of the foreign visitors in the States,American people.A.think that time is always there which needs budgeting B.enjoy saving and using time wisely everyday C.are indifferent in that they are like feelingless machines D.are so fully engaged that they are unable to enjoy the important things in life 28.What is the job of an efficiency expert?
上大学就上www.xiexiebang.com A.Writing articles for periodicals.B.Recommending ways of efficient investment C.Examining the quality of a company‘s products D.Teaching people how to take care of their yard 29.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph? A.Many Americans love having meals at fast-food restaurants B.Americans are busier than other people in the world C.The American fast-food industry helps spread the American culture around the world D.The United States is the father of the world’s fast-food industry 30.The best title for this passage is A.The American Concept of Time B.The Development of the American Fast Food Industry C.How to Raise Efficiency D.The American Food and Culture Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.It is difficult to estimate the number of youngsters involved in home schooling,where children are not sent to school and receive their formal education from one or both parents.Legislation and court decisions have make it legally possible in most states for parents to educate their children at home,and each year more people take advantage of that opportunity.Supporters of home education claim that it is less expensive and far more efficient than mass public education.Moreover they quote several merits: relief of school overcrowding,added curricular and pedagogical(课程和教学法)alternatives,strengthened family relationships,lower dropout rates,increased motivation,higher standardized test scores,and reduced discipline problems.Supporters of home schooling also believe that it provides the parents with the opportunity to reinforce their moral values through education.Critics of home schooling movement claim that it creates as many problems as it solves.They acknowledge that,in a few cases,home schooling offers educational
上大学就上www.xiexiebang.com opportunities superior to those found in most public schools,but few parents can provide such educational advantages.Some parents who withdraw their children form the schools in favor of home schooling have an inadequate educational background and insufficient formal training to provide a satisfactory education for their children.Typically,parents have fewer,not more technological resources available than do schools.However,the relatively inexpensive computer technology that is readily available today is causing some to challenge the notion that home schooling is in any way not so good as more highly structured classroom education.Finally,a sociological(社会学)concern is the restricted social interaction experienced by children who are educated at home.Technology will never replace the pupil-teacher relationship.Also,while relationships with parents and brothers and sisters may be improved,children taught at home may develop a distorted(歪曲的)view of society.31.The main idea of the passage is that.A.more and more parents are in favor of home schooling B.home schooling is superior to school education because it has been legally approved C.though home schooling has its advantages,it creates as many new problems at the same time D.school education is no doubt better than home education 32.Those who support home schooling think that.A.it’s less expensive and more efficient apart from other merits B.it has added curricular and pedagogical alternatives C.it will cause fewer discipline problems D.it’s more important to reinforce moral values 33.Critics believe that.A.few parents can afford computers and technology when providing home education B.few parents are qualified enough to provide a satisfactory home education? C.school teachers are better than parents D.classroom environment can provide most satisfactory education
上大学就上www.xiexiebang.com 34.According to the author,home schooling cannot help children.A.acquire social knowledge B.build up a relationship with family members C.build up pupil-teacher relationship D.develop a right view of society 35.The attitude of the author toward home schooling is.A.vague B.positive C.totally negative D.straight-forward PART TWO(50POINTS)
IV、Word Spelling(10 points,1 point for two items)将下列汉语单词译成英语。每个单词的词类、首字母及字母数目均已给出。请将完整的单词写在答题纸上。36.破坏,使„遇难 vt w_ _ _ _ 37.自愿的,自发的 a.v_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38.紧要的,紧迫的 a.u_ _ _ _ _ 39.容忍,忍受 vt.t_ _ _ _ _ _ 40.症状,征兆 n.s_ _ _ _ _ _ 41.最近,不久前 ad.l_ _ _ _ 42.放大,夸大 vt.m_ _ _ _ _ _ 43.概念,想法 n.n_ _ _ _ 44.服从,听从 vt.o_ _ _ 45.苦干的,费力的 a.p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46.达到;造诣 n.a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47.使平衡;权衡 vt.b_ _ _ _ _ 48.战役,运动 n.c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49.装修,装饰 vt.d_ _ _ _ _ _ 50.基本的,初级的 a.e_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51.忠诚的,忠实的 a.f_ _ _ _ _ _ 52.姿势,手势 n g_ _ _ _ _ _ 53.高度地,非常 ad.h_ _ _ _ 54.模仿的,仿制的 a.i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55.正义,公正 n.j_ _ _ _ _ _ V、Word FORM(10 points,1 point for each item)将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。
56.Once harm(do)to the environment,it takes years to have the system recovred.57.With the strike(settle),the work on the new assembly line went ahead like wildfire.58.The child was playing(danger)near the edge of the swimming pool.59.This project ________(accomplish)by the end of 2006 will greatly improve the
上大学就上www.xiexiebang.com basic facility of the city.60.People appreciate______(talk)with him because he is knowledgeable and humorous.61.Since the author did not stick to the topic,I found his article very ______(confuse)and hard to follow.62.With all this done,I ______(free)from all troubles and responsibilities.63.Had he been treated well,he ________(get over)this disease.64.Investigations into the cause of the shipwreck show that the ship _______(sink)the moment it hit the rock.65.If only the board ________(approve)the proposal and put it into effect.VI、Translation from Chinese into English(15 points,3 points for each item)将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。66.时间是世界上最容易浪费也是最难以把握的东西。
67.虽然管理者不能预测未来,但他们的许多决策还是要求他们考虑到未来可能发生的事情.68.爱因斯坦声称物质和能量是可以相互转化的,因此没有绝对的时间和空间。69.这次考试不及格人数多得惊人。
70.二十世纪六十年代美国民间音乐除表现爱情与希望外,还表现反战情绪。VII、Translation from English into Chinese(15 points)将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。
Planning is a very important activity in our lives.It can give pleasure and even excitement,but cause quite severe headaches.The more significant the task ahead,the more careful the planning required.Getting to school or to work on time is a task requiring little or no planning.It is almost a routine.A month’s touring holiday abroad,or better still,getting married,is a different matter altogether.If the holiday involves a church wedding,with 50 guests,a reception,a honeymoon in Italy,and returning to a new home,this requires even more planning to make sure that is successful.Planning is our way of trying to ensure success and of avoiding costly failures we cannot afford.It is equally essential to mankind as a whole,to nations,to families and to each individual ; the scale may vary,but the degree of importance does not.上大学就上www.xiexiebang.com
上大学就上www.xiexiebang.com
上大学就上www.xiexiebang.com
第三篇:全国高等教育自学考试儿科护理学(二)试题
全国高等教育自学考试儿科护理学(二)试题
课程代码:03011
一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题,每小题1分,共30分)
在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.一脱水患儿表现为周身无力,神经肌肉兴奋性降低,腹胀明显,应首要考虑()
A.低渗性脱水
B.高渗性脱水
C.低钾血症
D.低钙血症
2.导致咽—结合膜热的病原体是()
A.柯萨奇病毒
B.腺病毒
C.疱疹病毒
D.EB病毒
3.以下关于小儿腹泻的饮食护理的描述,正确的是()
A.轻型腹泻不用禁食
B.重型腹泻伴呕吐严重者应禁食、水4~6h
C.长期腹泻者可以用全身静脉营养替代进食
D.病毒性肠炎应暂停乳类食品,改为豆制代乳品或发酵乳
4.小儿听觉发育完善的年龄是()
A.2岁
B.4岁
C.6岁
D.8岁
5.小儿肥胖分为4度,中度肥胖是指()
A.超过均值20%—29%
B.超过均值30%—39%
C.超过均值40%—59%
D.超过均值60%
6.关于结核菌素试验,正确的描述是()
A.注射后15—20分钟观察局部反应
B.硬结直径在10~20mm之间为“++”
C.阳性反应表示有活动性结核病
D.阴性反应可排除结核病
7.法洛四联症患儿缺氧发作时,应采取的体位是()
A.平卧位
B.半坐卧位
C.膝胸卧位
D.侧卧位
8.对心衰患儿采用洋地黄制剂治疗时,要注意监测患儿的()
A.心率
B.呼吸
C.体温
D.意识
9.胎儿可通过胎盘从母体获得的免疫球蛋白是()
A.IgM
B.IgA
C.IgG
D.SIgA
10.导致病毒性心肌炎的最常见的病原体是()
A.柯萨奇病毒乙组
B.柯萨奇病毒甲组
C.埃可病毒
D.腺病毒
11.下列降低麻疹传播的措施中,描述正确的是()
A.患儿停留过的病室要彻底通风
B.将患儿呼吸道隔离至痊愈
C.易感儿应接种麻疹疫苗,以确保终身有效
D.易感儿接触患儿后应再次注射麻疹疫苗
12.小儿泌尿道感染最常见的感染途径是()
A.血行感染
B.上行感染
C.直接蔓延
D.间接感染
13.小儿会走,会说2-3个字构成的句子,并能完成简单的动作,该小儿的年龄是()
A.12个月
B.15个月
C.2岁
D.3岁
14.川崎病最早出现的症状是()
A.皮疹
B.肢端变化
C.淋巴结肿大
D.发热
15.流行性腮腺炎儿童期常见的并发症是()
A.脑膜脑炎
B.肺炎
C.喉炎
D.化脓性胰腺炎
16.处于哮喘持续状态时,患儿最终出现的体液失衡是()
A.碱中毒
B.酸中毒
C.低渗性脱水
D.低钾血症
17.小儿出生时上部量>下部量,二者相等时的年龄为()
A.3岁
B.6岁
C.9岁
D.12岁
18.苯丙酮尿症患儿应给予低苯丙氨酸饮食,使血中苯丙氨酸浓度维持在()
A.0-2
mg/dl
B.2-10
mg/dl
C.10-15
mg/dl
D.15-20
mg/dl
19.导致营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血的原因是由于体内缺乏()
A.维生素B12和叶酸
B.维生素B2和叶酸
C.维生素B12和铁
D.维生素B2和铁
20.法洛四联症患儿需要供给充足的液体,其目的是()
A。防止心力衰竭
B.防止肾功能衰竭
C.防止休克
D.防止血栓栓塞
21.婴儿期的预防接种下列正确的是()
A.2-3个月接种卡介苗
B.2个月首次口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗
C.4-5个月注射麻疹疫苗
D.8-10个月注射乙肝疫苗
22.百日咳、白喉、破伤风混合疫苗的初种年龄最恰当的是()
A.1个月
B.2个月
C.3个月
D.6个月
23.维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症最常见的症状是()
A.手足抽搐
B.喉痉挛
C.烦躁
D.无热惊厥
24.1∶2含钠溶液的配制方法是()
A.500ml10%葡萄糖液和30ml10%氯化钠溶液
B.500ml生理盐水和30ml10%葡萄糖液
C.500ml10%葡萄糖液和15ml10%氯化钠溶液
D.500ml生理盐水和15ml10%葡萄糖液
25.低渗性脱水应补充的液体种类是()
A.5%葡萄糖盐水
B.2∶1等张液
C.2/3张含钠液
D.1/3-1/5张含钠液
26.佝偻病激期主要临床表现是()
A.睡眠不安,夜惊
B.烦躁多哭,多汗
C.骨骼系统改变
D.突然抽搐,重者可突然窒息
27.肾病综合征常见的并发症有()
A.水肿、感染、低蛋白血症
B.感染、电解质紊乱、血栓形成C.感染、血栓形成、高血压
D.高胆固醇血症、血栓形成、低血钠
28.小儿脑耗氧在基础代谢状态下占总耗氧量的比例是()
A.30%
B.40%
C.50%
D.60%
29.小儿时期最常见的肠道寄生虫病是()
A.蛲虫病
B.蛔虫病
C.钩虫病
D.线虫病
30.抢救急性中毒患儿,首先应采取的措施是()
A.中断毒物与机体的接触
B.维持正常生命体征
C.去除身心不适
D.安抚家长情绪
二、填空题(本大题共5小题,每空1分,共10分)
请在每小题的空格中填上正确答案。错填、不填均无分。
31.世界卫生组织规定,产后最初
天以内的母乳称为初乳,内含脂肪少,含蛋白质多,主要为。
32.对肛温小于30℃新生儿硬肿症患儿,应先将患儿放入比其体温高
℃的温箱中,使患儿在小时内恢复正常体温。
33.小儿乳牙一般出生后4-10个月开始萌出,最晚
岁出齐,2岁以内小儿乳牙总数可按
公式推算。
34.水痘患儿出现高热,使用退热剂时,应忌用,以免增加的危险。
35.对于先天性甲低进行新生儿筛查,是采用出生后
天的新生儿干血
滴纸片检查
浓度作为初筛。
三、名词解释(本大题共5小题,每小题3分,共15分)
36.围生期
37.缺铁性贫血
38.惊厥
39.急性感染性喉炎
40.适于胎龄儿
四、简答题(本大题共6小题,每小题5分,共30分)
41.简述儿童意外伤害和中毒的预防措施。
42.简述新生儿肺透明膜病的临床表现。
43.简述小儿充血性心力衰竭的护理要点。
44.简述小儿体液平衡的特点。
45.简述光照疗法的目的。
46.简述对急性白血病患儿进行保护性隔离的护理措施。
五、论述题(本大题共1小题,l5分)
47.患儿,男,7岁,5天前出现眼睑浮肿,伴少尿,尿呈洗肉水样,近1天来患儿出现剧烈头痛,烦躁不安、恶心、呕吐,视物不清。追问患儿2周前曾患扁桃体炎,当时给予青霉素治疗。
查体:T37℃,血压150/100mmHg,嗜睡,双瞳孔等大等圆,光反射存在。眼睑浮肿,心、肺、腹无异常。病理反射未引出。双下肢非凹陷性水肿。尿常规:蛋白(++),红细胞+++。
(1)请判断患儿的临床诊断,发生了什么并发症?(4分)
(2)列出该患儿目前主要的护理诊断。(3分)
(3)列出该患儿的主要护理措施。(8分)
第四篇:自学考试:全国06-07现代汉语试题
全国2006年7月高等教育自学考试
现代汉语基础试题
课程代码:00854
一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)
在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.语言是人类借以思维和()
A.说话的工具
B.写文章的工具
C.彼此互相交际的工具
D.彼此互相交际的最重要的工具
2.汉语方言中不是以地域命名的方言区是()
A.吴方言
B.闽方言
C.赣方言
D.客家方言
3.下列声母都是舌尖后音的一组字是()
A.出差省城
B.清扫操场
C.种植桑树
D.春蚕抽丝
4.下列韵母都是前鼻音的一组字是()
A.平民尽心
B.亲近贫民
C.心境清静
D.辛勤耕耘
5.下列注音正确的词语是()
A.现代(xiān
dài)
B.汉语(hàn
yǔ)
C.基础(jī
chǚ)
D.课程(kè
chén)
6.下列属于“词根+词缀(后缀)”的一组附加式合成词是()
A.感性、本性、重要性、可能性
B.弹性、变性、积极性、艺术性
C.记性、理性、创造性、先进性
D.党性、雄性、革命性、组织性
7.下列属于范围大小不同的一组同义词是()
A.阻止—制止—劝止
B.边疆—边境—边界
C.要求—请求—恳求
D.理想—幻想—空想
8.下列属于支配型结构的一组成语是()
A.饱经风雨、搜索枯肠、重整旗鼓
B.焕然一新、泥沙俱下、炎凉世态
C.宝山空回、史无前例、夜郎自大
D.知人善任、垂头丧气、迫不及待
9.“洗干净”是()
A.连动词组
B.递系词组
C.偏正词组
D.述补词组
10.“孩子呢?”是()
A.是非问句
B.特指问句
C.选择问句
D.反复问句
11.对“我们应该科学地分析科学的作用。”一句中的两个“科学”,下列判断正确的是()
A.都是状语
B.都是定语
C.前一个是状语,后一个是定语
D.前一个是定语,后一个是状语
12.复句关联词语“以便”表示()
A.连贯关系
B.条件关系
C.目的关系
D.假设关系
13.“你参加过‘结婚现场会’吗?大概没有,我参加过。”这个句子用于马烽某小说的开头,其作用是()
A.开门见山,突出全文中心
B.问而不答,启发读者思考
C.问中有答,表示强烈语气
D.引出下文,吸引读者注意
14.下列没有比喻义的词语是()
A.风云
B.瓶颈
C.春蚕
D.和稀泥
15.下列诗句“白发三千丈,缘愁似个长”的修辞方式是()
A.夸张
B.比喻
C.比拟
D.借代
16.下列“史”字前三画的笔画组合方式是()
A.相离
B.相接
C.相连
D.相交
17.下列都是并列结构的一组字是()
A.河边搭桥
B.祸起江湖
C.那棵松树
D.丽江新城
18.下列成语中没有错别字的是()
A.责无旁贷
B.情有独衷
C.一愁莫展
D.怨天由人
19.“刚才,四老爷和谁生气呢”这句话句末应加()
A.句号
B.问号
C.叹号
D.分号
20.下列连接号使用正确的是()
A.人类的发展可以分为古猿—猿人—古人—新人这四个阶段。
B.我国新开辟的北京——乌鲁木齐——贝尔格莱德航线首次通航。
C.马克·吐温(1835—1910),美国进步作家。
D.“中国~西方讨论会”将于明天举行。
二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题,每小题2分,共10分)
在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的。请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选、少选或未选均无分。
21.北京话里的“花儿”是()
A.每个字独立发音形成的B.在读“花”的韵母ua时,舌尖逐渐卷起来形成的C.一个音节
D.两个音节
E.带有明显的卷舌色彩
22.“葡萄”是()
A.一个语素
B.两个语素
C.词
D.单纯词
E.词组
23.“他有两个弟弟:一个是记者,一个是编辑。”是()
A.单句
B.复句
C.并列复句
D.分合复句
E.注解复句
24.短句的特点有()
A.简练明快
B.周全细致
第五篇:自学考试:全国04-07现代汉语试题
全国2004年7月高等教育自学考试现代汉语试题
课程代码:00535
一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中,选出一个正确答案,并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。
每小题1分,共20分)1.按照方言分区,南京话应属于()方言区。
A.吴
B.赣
C.湘
D.北方
2.联合国规定的六种工作语言,除了英语、法语、俄语、西班牙语和阿拉伯语外,还有()。
A.德语
B.汉语
C.日语
D.印度语
3.在人类发音器官中,发音时气流的共鸣器官是()。
A.肺部和器官
B.声带
C.喉头
D.口腔和鼻腔
4.听感上最容易分辨出来的自然语音单位是()。
A.音素
B.音位
C.音节
D.音质
5.普通话辅音中,()既可以充当声母,也可以做韵尾。
A.n
B.z
C.b
D.ng
6.下列音节中的韵母都属于后响复韵母的是()。
A.号召
B.菜芽
C.火锅
D.虐待
7.下列()句中“啊”的音变结果与“快唱啊!”中的“啊”一样。
A.看啊!
B.要小心啊!
C.写的多好啊!
D.多难为情啊!
8.汉字能长期存在下来的一个根本原因是()。
A.它保存了我们民族极为丰富的文化遗产
B.它同汉语相适应,能极好地记录汉语
C.它在维护我们这样一个多方言国家的统一上起过积极作用
D.它是视觉符号
9.汉字“蒋”共有()个部件。
A.2
B.3
C.4
D.5
10.下面四句话中,对“词汇”一词意义理解正确的是()。
A.这一课共有13个词汇
B.词汇包括语言中所有的词
C.词汇除了词以外,还包括固定结构,如成语等
D.歇后语是句子,所以不属于词汇
11.下面四组同义词中,()组和“天气——气候”组在区别特征上类型相同。
A.湖-湖泊
B.食物-食品
C.拿-捏
D.突然-忽然
12.下面成语中,有错别字的是()。
A.莫明其妙
B.心怀叵测
C.釜底抽薪
D.莫衷一是
13.下面几个句子中的“的”是语气词的是()。
A.我的书丢了
B.车是他的C.说的比唱的好听
D.我来过这里的14.方位名词与一般名词相比,在功能上的特殊性表现在()。
A.能单独做主语
B.能直接放在动词前做状语
C.能做定语
D.能直接做谓语
15.下面词语中,()是区别词。
A.义务
B.家务
C.政务
D.医务
16.下列短语中,在功能上属体词性短语的是()。
A.内心的惆怅
B.爱家乡
C.历史悠久
D.去过北京的17.下列句子中划线词在结构上修饰中心语,在语义上却与另外一个成分相关的是()。
A.我买到一件漂亮的衣服
B.浓烟慢慢地升起来
C.今天他总算吃了顿饱饭
D.他为人很诚实
18.下面四个句子中,不属于主谓谓语句的是()。
A.书我已经看完了
B.他精神很好
C.编程序,我实在是外行
D.对客人他从来都很客气
19.下面语音的四个要素中,()直接决定了节奏中音步的长短。
A.音高
B.音长
C.音强
D.音色
20.句子“此时,积压在心底的仇恨,就像沉埋在地下几千年的火山一样喷发出来,一泻千里,势不可挡。”()了比喻和夸张两种辞格。
A.兼用
B.套用
C.连用
D.并用
二、多项选择题(在每小题的五个备选答案中,选出二至五个正确的答案,并将正确答案的序号分别填在题干的括号内,多选、少选、错选均不得分。
每小题2分,共10分)21.下列字是零声母音节的是()。
A.味
B.有
C.己
D.工
E.运
22.汉字标准化的内容是()。
A.定量
B.定音
C.定序
D.定形
E.定义
23.下面的韵母中可以自成音节(不需要加辅音声母)的是()。
A.i
B.uo
C.ian
D.iong
E.ie
24.下列句子中的副词,只能充当状语,没有起关联作用的是()。
A.就小王没有来。
B.她是老婆,又是老妈子,又是厨子,又是护士。
C.你们先走吧,我就来。
D.我就去过一次上海。
E.下班铃一响,他就没影儿了。
25.下面五组词中,在组合时要求后面的词多是双音节的是()。
A.进行
B.逐步
C.互相
D.字迹
E.安然
三、名词解释(每小题3分,共9分)
26.调值
27.会意字
28.基本义
四、分析与操作题(共30分)
29.完成下列音节结构分析表(5分)
声母 韵母 调
(调类)四呼分类
韵头 韵腹 韵尾
锐
元
棍
姓
雨
30.分析下面词语,按照要求将它们填入相应的横线上。(6分)
泥土、马达、司令、弟弟、猩猩、内疚
合成词:支配式__________陈述式__________并列式__________重叠式__________
单纯词:叠音式__________译音式__________
31.用层次分析法分析下面的短语。(7分)
认
真
借
鉴
外
国
先
进的管
理
方
式
非
常
重
要
32.下面的短语都是多义的,请用适当方法加以改写,使它们每个形式只表达一个意义。(4分)
样例:老王没有通知
改写1:老王没有通知我改写2:他没有通知老王
甲.反对的是李军 乙.来开会的有几个县的领导干部
甲:改写1_¬¬¬¬___________________乙:改写1_¬¬¬¬___________________
改写2_¬¬¬¬___________________
改写2_¬¬¬¬___________________
33.用划线法分析下面的复句,标出层次,写出关系。(3分)
他不但细心听取了我们的意见,而且立刻通知组内同志前来商量,因此,我们觉得他对这个问题是非常重视的34.下列句子的意义基本相同,但使用场合不同。请在句子的后面写出其使用的语境。(5分)
(1)吃饭啰!场合:
(2)快来吃饭!场合:
(3)请吃便饭。场合:
(4)请用餐。场合:
(5)请入席。场合:
五、改错题(请对下列的句子作适当修改,并简要说明修改的理由。
每小题4分,共12分)35.得知小军考上杭州技术学院后,隔壁邻居高兴得对小军说:“听说你考上杭技院了,恭喜你!”
36.对于闯红灯违反交通规则这类不文明的行为是应该受到惩罚的。
37.远远的山道上过来了一对八路军伤病员,有的战士像被打折了腿的兔子一样一拐一拐吃力地走着。
六、简答题(共19分)
38.普通话拼音字母中“i”代表了哪三个元音?为什么可以用它代表这三个音素?(5分)
39.什么是倒装句?倒装句有什么特点?(7分)
40.举例说明对偶和映衬这两种辞格之间的差别。(7分)