成人英语三级考试考前英译汉翻译辅导

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第一篇:成人英语三级考试考前英译汉翻译辅导

2009年成人英语三级考试考前英译汉翻译辅导

1.In the early fifties, only eight or nine out of a hundred young men changed their jobs within the first three years with a company.在五十年代初期,有百分之八九的年轻人在一家公司工作三年后往往会跳槽。

2.Since most jobs take only a year and a half to master, in order to continue learning, they have to make a job change.由于大多数工作只需花一年多就可以掌握,为了继续学习,他们就会调换工作。

3.They have worked for a few years as technical specialists and quickly moved into higher management positions.作为技术专家,他们在工作了几年之后会更快地跳到更高的管理岗位。4.Sociologists are interested in how a society began and how it grew.社会学家们对于一个社会是怎样形成与怎样发展起来的很感趣。

5.A Frenchman named Auguste Comte made sociology a separate science in the 1830s.1830年,一个叫Auguste Comte的法人使社会学成为一门独立的学科。6.The method of capital punishment varies from nation to nation.执行死刑的方法因国家而各不相同。

7.The new device was named after the man who spoke out in favor of it.有个人大胆提议用这种新装置,后来这种刑具就以那个人的名字命名。

8.Many people felt that beheading a person in the guillotine was merciful because of the quickness of death.许多人认为使用断头台来处决一个人,这是很仁慈的,因为这样会让人死得更快一些。9.A little child cannot understand advertisement for what they are and so believes totally in what he or she hears.小孩儿不知广告为何物,因此便完全听信广告上所说的。

10.And I am upset myself at how the advertisers can control a child’s outlook on the world.广告商是如何掌管孩子的世界观,对此我非常焦虑。

11.I think I should join Jolie in her efforts to change advertising tactics(策略)when it comes to advertisements for children.涉及到针对儿童的广告,我想我应当与Jolie一起努力去改变广告策略。

12.However, policymakers were not yet acting on many important environmental problems.然而,政策制定者们当时并未对许多重要的环境保护问题付诸行动。

13.College students were a major force in the campaign, although participants of all ages were involved.尽管参加这次运动的人涉及到各个年龄段的人,但是大学生是这场运动的主导力量。14.thirty years later, the focus has changed but the urgency remains the same.三十年之后,关注的焦点发生了变化,但其紧迫性依然。

15.X-rays were first discovered by a German scientist, Wilhelm Conrad roentgen, in 1895, almost by accident.X射线最初是在1895年被一个德国科学家偶然地发现的,他的名字叫Wilhelm Conrad roentgen。

16.In fact, the rays could pass as easily through the fleshy part of his hand as through the black paper, but hardly at all through the bone.事实上,就像穿过一张黑纸一样,射线很容易穿过手部的肌肉,但却根本不能穿过骨骼.17.The answer would seem to lie in nuclear power stations.看来问题在于核电站。

18.If the world population goes on increasing at its present rate, we may, in fifty years’ time, be burning up so much energy that we would damage the earth’s atmosphere.如果世界人口继续以当前这种速度增长的话,也许,五十年后,这样燃烧如此多的能源将会致使我们破坏地球的大气层。

19.Psychologists deal with the minds and behavior of people.心理学家研究人们的心理与行为。

20.Several people have been instrumental in the field of psychology.一些人在心理学领域起了很大作用。www.xiexiebang.com 21.It is only when we cannot see perfectly that we realize how important our eyes are.只有当我们看东西不清楚时,我们才意识到我们的眼晴是多么地重要。

22.They can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty in reading a book unless they hold it at arm’s length.这些远视的人们能看清远处的东西,但是他们读书却很困难,除非他们把书举到一臂远的距离处去看。

23.The same comment is made from generation to generation and it is always true.同样的理论代代相传,而且总是正确。

24.Events that the older generation remembers vividly are nothing more than past history.老一代记忆犹新的重大历史事件对年轻人来说不过是过眼烟云而已。25.What they reject more than anything is conformity.他们所厌恶的莫过于循规蹈矩。

26.These are not questions the old generations can shrug off lightly.对于这些问题,老一代人确实不予附合。

27.Most customers who go to a supermarket buy from a shopping list.大多数去超市的顾客都要按程序购物。

28.The comfort and convenience of shopping centers is another factor which makes them popular with customers.购物中心舒适而且方便,这是超市受人欢迎的另外一个原因。

29.Most of the ill health we suffer could be prevented if people made more effort to change their life styles.如果人们努力去改变生活方式,就能远离大多数的疾病。

30.Similarly all advertising of alcohol should be banned and compensation paid to families of alcoholics who die of the liver disease.同样所有的酒类广告都应当被禁止,对于那些因喝酒导致生病,最终死亡的人应当赔偿。31.Although mother’s day is a relatively new holiday in America, more and more other countries are also setting aside a day to honor their mothers.在美国,尽管母亲节时间夏天对来讲并不长,但世界上越来越多的国家都开始规定某一天为母亲节,来表达对他们母亲的敬意。

32.No longer was she so gentle, so relaxed and easy-going.她再也不像以前那样温柔,随和,好说话了。www.xiexiebang.com 33.Some people think that man might be able to solve both problems at the same time.一些人们认为他应该也能在同一时间把问题处理好。34.Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning.有时候人们说的话言不由衷。

35.The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.(当你)仔细斟酌别人对你所说的话的时候,可以使你避免再犯错误。

36.Contrary to popular belief, colds are not caused by exposure to severe weather.和人们的普遍想法相反,感冒并非恶劣的气候造成。37.The custom can be traced back to the roman era.付小费这种习俗这种风俗可以追溯到古罗马时代。

38.A more common belief is tips were first given in the 18th century England.付小费这种习俗源于18世纪的英国。www.xiexiebang.com 39.In America and Europe it is customary to tip anywhere from 10% to 20%.在美国和欧洲,人们普遍的做法是以消费金额的百分之十到百分之二十来付小费的。40.Today most people decide the size of tip according to the quality of the service.现在,人们付小费的数量取决于享受的服务质量。

41.People who usually cannot afford it are the biggest tippers in front of their friends.往往是那些付不起大额小费的人在朋友面前付小费最大方。

42.Many analysts suggest that this added pressure disproportionately touches the women, who already carry major responsibility for their own children.许多分析家认为,对于那些已经承担了繁重的养儿育女责任的妇女们来说,这无疑是雪上加霜。

43.Perhaps the most important issue that emerges from the social trends just described is the impact of family instability and single parenting on children.也许上述社会倾向所产生的最重要的问题是家庭的不稳定性及单亲家庭对儿童的影响。44.When this happens, the government should decrease the salaries of the workers by raising taxes.当这种情况发生时,政府应该通过增税来减少工人的工资。

45.While this might appear to be a positive step, it is actually regressive.尽管这样做表面上看是一种积极的措施,可实际上却是消极的。

46.While this law is not without humor by today’s standards, it clearly shows an awareness of the problem in times gone by.尽管这个法律按当今的标准来看是很滑稽的,但它却表明很久以前人们就已经估计到这一点了。

47.the motives for suicide can be categorized into areas such as failure, wrath(暴怒), the need for attention, stress, and so on.人们自杀的原因分类很多,例如失败,暴怒,需要关注,压力等。

48.To make the problem even more involved, people will often camouflage(掩盖)their true feelings, thus causing their friends to disregard problems that should be viewed as serious.这个问题更为棘手的是,自杀的人往往掩盖自己的真实情感,结果使周围的朋友也没有把需要严肃对待的问题当回事儿。

第二篇:英语三级考试英译汉

英译汉

A lot of natural resources in the mountain area are to be exploited and used.那个山区有许多自然资源有待于开发利用。All that glitters is not gold.闪光的东西,未必都是金子。

Apples here like water and sunshine.这里的苹果喜欢水和阳光。

As is known to all, China is a developing country.众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家。

Bill hit his car into a wall last night.昨晚比尔开车时车撞到了墙上。

Each time history repeats itself, the price goes up.历史每重演一次,代价就增加一分。

Give us a few more minutes to decide 再给我们一点时间来做决定

He has sympathy for all poor people 他对所有的穷人有一颗同情心

He has taught English in this university ever since he moved to this city.自从移居到这座城市以来,他就一直在这所大学教英语。

I am wondering who broke the window 我想知道是谁打坏了窗户。

I was having a nap when suddenly the telephone rang.我在睡觉时,电话铃突然响了。

If you decided to learn a new language, you would have to dedicate yourself wholeheartedly to the cause.如果你决定学一门新的语言,你必须全身心地投入。In an age of plenty, we feel spiritual hunger.在这个物质财富充裕的时代,我们感到精神上的饥渴。In Foreign Languages Department, a checking machine is used to correct the students’ test papers.外语系用阅卷机给学生批卷。

In no other country in the world can you find such plants as this one.像这种植物在世界上的其他任何一个国家中都找不到。

John and his brother differ in personality even if their differences in age are not significant.尽管约翰和他哥哥在年纪上相差不大,但他们的个性却不相同。Please give this book to whoever comes first.请把这本书给最先来的人。

Please move your chair to the window 请把你的椅子移动到窗口

Ted and William have lived under the same roof for five years.泰德和威廉已经在同一个屋檐下生活了五年了。

The girls are busy making preparations for the weekend party 女孩们正忙于准备周末的聚会

The more passions we have, the more happiness we are likely to experience.我们的激情越多,我们有可能体验到的快乐就越多。

The most common samples of inorganic materials are the gases of the atmosphere, water, rocks, etc.大气中的气体、水、岩石等都是无机物中最普通的实例。The students are encouraged by their teacher to do more listening, reading and writing.老师鼓励学生多听,多读,多写。

There is a large amount of energy wasted due to friction.由于摩擦而损耗了大量的能量。

This place has plentiful material resources.这个地方有丰富的物质资源。

Though it was late, they kept on working.尽管已经很晚了,他们还在继续工作。

Tom(人名有可能变化或Fred)was such a hardworking student that he soon came out first in the class.汤姆是一个学习十分用功的学生,以至于不久他就成了班里学习最好的学生。

Transistors are small in size and light in weight.晶体管的体积小,重量轻。

Various substances differ widely in their magnetic characteristics.各种材料的磁性有很大的不同。Wang Li’s(人名有可能变化)father has taught English here since he graduated from Peking University.王丽的父亲从北京大学毕业后就一直在这里教英语。Who's going to answer the telephone?/Who's going to answer the door? 谁去接电话?/谁去开门? Would you please help me with this heavy box? 你能帮我拾一下这个很沉的箱子吗?

You needn’t go there anymore.He already knows about it.你不必去了,他已经知道那件事

Do you think students should do a part-time job?你认为学生应该做兼职吗?

I think the picture shows us how fruits is necessary to life.我想这幅图是告诉我们水果是生活中不可缺的。

第三篇:山东大学成人英语2课后翻译wor英译汉

英译汉

Unit 1(P11)

1、There is still much to be discovered about this vast blanket of water.这一广阔的水域仍有许许多有待于发现。

2、Some scientists are studying ways of bringing the ocean’s huge suppply of water to the desert of the world.一些科学家正在研究如何将海洋中大量的水资源输送到沙漠中地区。

3、Others are studying the ways in which sound travels and is affected by water and heat.另外一些科学家正在研究声音如何传播以及是怎样受水的热量影响的。

4、And a little instrument that had been invented measured the time it took for the sound to reach the ship;人们发明了一种小装置,它能测出声音传播到船的时间。

5、Where rivers flow into the sea, the flat area may extend for hundreds of miles.海流入海处,平坦的地域可以延伸数百英里。

6、It is hard to believe that this great underwater chain of mountains encircling the earth was discovered only a few years ago.很难相信环绕地球的水下连绵的山脉竟是在几年前才发现。

Unit 2(P36)

1、The purpose lof the sabbatical leave is to give the professor experiences which will make him a wiser person and a better teacher when he returns to his university.长假的目的是让教授体验生活,当他们回到大学时,这些经历会让他们成为更明智的人,更称职的教师。

2、People who do hard physical labor were particularly interesting to him.他对那些干重体力活的人特别感兴趣。

3、He had some good things to say about people who do hard physical work.他有一些关于那些干重体力工作的人的好看法要讲。

4、A lot of my co-workers would complain when the work was too heavy,but thdy’d complain a lot more when there was nothing to do.我的许多同事会抱怨工作太重,但是当无事可做的时候,他们抱怨的更多。

5、Even though pay was important, what brought the greatest satisfaction was knowing that someone had noticed how a job was being done.尽管报酬很重要,但是给予最大的满足是了解到有人已经注意到怎样完成一项工作。

6、He now believes that every young person should be required to spend at least half a year in the world of work before starting university studies.现在他认为,每个年轻人在上大学前应该在实际工作中锻炼至少半年。

Unit 3(P62)

1、Economists predic that this change is going to continue in the same direction.经济学家预言这种变化会持续下去。

2、A lot of work your fathers and grandfathers used to do is now done by machines like computers or computerized robots.我们的父辈祖辈过去所做的大量工作现在被机器像计算机或计算机控制的机器人所从代替。

3、Now that most married women work outside the home ,the need for services such as restaurants and day-care centers has increased.由于大部分已婚妇女都在外面工作,像对餐饮业和托儿所等服务的要求都增加了。

4、So some economists worry that the standard of living of many Americans might decrease.因此一些经济学家担心许多美国人的生活水平会下降。

5、The good news is that some of the fastest growing service jobs are the better paying ones,particularly in the technical and professional fields.好消息是增长最快的服务性工作中有些薪水较高,尤其是在技术和需要技能的领域。

6、Like registered nurses and computer analysts,these jobs require a high degree of skill and many years of education.这些工作,比如护士和电脑分析员,需要高技能和多年的教育。

Unit 4(P91)

1、Some sports stars have become more widely recognized than any national leader other than the president.一些体育明星比除总统之外的任何国家领导人更广为人知。

2、Junior and senior high schools have coaches as faculty members, and school athletic teams compete with each other in an array of sports.初高中学校都有专门的教练员,学校体育队在多种比赛中相互竞争。

3、In some small American communities, high school athletics are a focal point of the townspeople’s activities and conversations.在美国一些较小的社区,中学体育活动成为市民活动和谈事的焦点。

4、A person who knows a local sports hero personally, or who attends events where famous athletes are present, is considered by some people to have accomplished something worthwhile.认识当地体育明星的人,或者参加有著名运动员出席的活动的人都被某些人认为事业有成。

5、Expressions from sports are extraordinarily common in everyday American speech.源自体育运动的表达方式,在日常美国口语中用得非常普遍。

6、Black Americans are heavily over-represented in the major sports of baseball, football and basketball.美国黑人运动员在棒球、橄榄球和篮球这三项主要运动中占大多数。

UNIT I(P116)76.At last the meeting came to an end.会议终于结束了。

77.They dwell in the country but work in the city.他们住在乡下,但在城里工作。

78.I have profited much by his esplanation.他的解释使我获益匪浅。

79.We should make the past serve the present.我们应该古为今用。

80.He owes his success more to luck than to ability, 他的成功是靠运气,而不是因为自己有能力。

UNIT 5(P127)1.Pubic schools in the United States are under the cintrol of the individual states.美国的公立学校由每个洲自行管理。

2.At any rate, elementary and secondary education together take twelve years to complete, excluding kindergarten.不管怎样,除了幼儿园,小学和中学总共要用12年读完。

3.Pubic schools are free to all boys and girls, but some parents prefer to send their children to private schools.公立学校对所有的男生和女生都是免费的,但有些父母更愿意送自己的孩子去私立学校。

4.Other private schools are not religious, but have small classes and very good teachers so that parents think their children will get a better education there than in the larger classes of the pubic schools.其他的私立学校是无宗教的,但也是小班授课并有优秀教师任教,所以父母们认为他们的子女应该接受比公立学校较大班授课更好的教育。

5.In many cities, the secondary schools offer classes in adult ducation.在许多城市里,中学开设成人教育课程。

UNIT 6(p151)

1. It is the day when everyone goes back home to spend the day with his family,to have the traditional Thanksgiving dinger of roast turkey, to talk about old times.就在这天,个个都赶着回家与家人共度感恩节,享用传统的佳肴烤鸡,共话过去的好时光.。

2. But this time Pete had come here more from habit than from hunger.但这次彼特来到这里不是由于饥饿,而是由于习惯

3. He had just had a dinner so enormous that he could hardly breathe.他刚刚吃完一顿大餐,撑得几乎无法呼吸。

4. His hair was whiter and thinner than it had been the year before, and he leaned more heavily on his cane than he used to.与过去的一年相比,他的头发变得更苍白,更稀疏了。他比过去更离不开拐杖了。

5. I am glad to see that the changes of another year have permitted you to move in health through this beautiful world.看到又一年的变迁后,你仍能健康地生活在这美丽的世间,我很欣慰。

6. Together the Old Gentleman and Pete walked south to the same restaurant where each year Pete had his Thandsgiving dinner.这位老绅士与彼特一起向南走,又进了那同一家餐馆,每年彼特都在那里享用他的感恩节晚餐。

UNIT 7(p180)

1.For the French, friendship is a one-to-one relationship that demands a keen awareness of the other person’s intellect, temperament and particular interests.对法国人来讲,友谊是一种一对一的人际关系,要求双方了解彼此的智力、性格以及特殊的兴趣。2.French friendships are divided into categories.法国式的友谊分为不同的类型,有具体的分工。

3.Different friends fill different niches in each person’s life.These friendships are not made part of family life.不同的朋友在每个人的生活中有不同的作用,他们不介入家庭生活。

4.Outside the family, men and women find in their closest friends of the same sex the devotion of a sister, the loyalty of a brother.家庭之外,同性挚友之间像姐妹一样紧密,像兄弟一样真诚。5.Like ties of kinship,ties of friendship are meant to be absolutely binding.朋友关系与亲缘关系一样具有绝对的约束力。

6.There is recognition that friendships are formed in contrast with kinship, through freedom of choice.不同模式的友谊共同点是都承认友谊,与亲缘关系不同之处是能够自由选择,朋友能够选择,也能被别人选择。

UNIT 8(p207)

1.Tiny showerhead could be used to spray computer chips with water and keep them from overheating 为防止芯片过热,可用极小的莲蓬头向其喷水。

2.The problem of preventing ever more powerful chips from overheating is getting computer engineers in a sweat.防止功能日益强大的芯片过热是电脑工程师面临的艰巨任务。

3.The latest trick is to add layers of tiny water-filled copper tubes that efficiently conduct heat away from the chip.最近又有了新招数,在芯片上附加层层叠叠的装水小铜管以有效散热。

4.Patel and his team tested the idea using a printer inkjet cartridge that had an array of 512 separate nozzles.派特及其同事运用有512独立的喷嘴的墨盒检验了这个想法。

5.You won’t need to cool the memory as much as the central processing unit.中央处理器比存储器更需要降温。6.It is provocaitive idea and has some merit.这是一个吸引人的想法,颇有可取之处。

UNIT II(P230)76.It was thoughtful of you to come and see me when I was ill.生病时,承蒙你们关心来看我,我很感激。

77.You will be informed when the book becomes available.这本书一有货就通知你。

78.She caught sigh of a car in the distance.她一眼瞥见远处的汽车。

79.Would you mind if I went hom early? 我早点回家你反对吗?

80.Visitors are request not to touch the exhibits.参观者请勿触摸展品。

第四篇:成人英语三级

体验式英语教育先锋美联英语

标题:成人英语三级 关键词:成人英语三级

导读:成人英语三级虽然没有大学英语四六级考试以及托福雅思等为人所熟知,但是这一考试的参加者对于成人英语三级的重视程度还是比较高的。很多人并不清楚成人英语三级考试的相关信息,所以影响了考试,下面就为大家介绍一下。

成人本科学士学位英语统一考试 北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试是成人高等教育本科(非外证书样本语专业)学生获得学士学位的必要条件之一。1991年北京市实施北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试,为使这一考试更加规范,也使广大考生能够熟悉英语三级考试的内容、题型、难度及记分办法,特制定本大纲。

成人英语三级统一考试的目的是为了检测本地区成人教育系列中非外语专业的英语教学水平,保证成人本科毕业生学士学位的授予质量。成人英语教学的目的是培养学生具有较强的阅读能力,一定的英汉互译能力和初步的听力能力,使他们能以英语为工具,获取专业所需要的信息,并为进一步提高英语水平打下较好的基础。为此,本考试主要考核学生运用语言的能力,重点是考核学生的阅读能力以及对语法结构和词语用法的熟练程度。成人英语三级是一种标准化考试,由于尚不具备口试条件,目前暂只进行笔试。考试范围主要参照全日制文理科本科英语教学大纲所规定的一至三级除说的技能以外的大部分内容。在题型设计上,除英汉互译部分是主观性试题外,其余试题均采用客观性的多项选择题形式。待将来条件成熟时,再酌情增加听力及短文写作的内容。

为在哪个学校读本科、申请学士学位,就在哪个学校报名参加英语统一考试。目前成人英语三级没有全国统考,只是北京地区包括北京院校的远程学员、所有中央电大的学员。成人高等教育本科毕业生外语统一考试费标准为每人 35 元(包含证书工本费)。本考试每年举行两次,分别在 4月和11月,考试时间为:9:00--11:00。

成人英语三级报考条件:在校成人本科生(专升本和高中升本科生);已毕业学生在校期间未通过该考试的,毕业后一年内可以报名参加考试;网络教育(远程教育)和成人教育(继续教育)、电大部分专业的学员在教学中心(或学习中体验式英语教育先锋美联英语

心、函受站、教学班或申请学士学位学校)联系报名和考试;此外,不设考点的校外学习中心的考生,须在北京参加考试;除在校成人本科生以外,毕业不满一年的成考生也可参加考试。更多学习资料请见美联英语学习网。

第五篇:北京地区成人英语三级考试翻译部分解题策略

北京地区成人学位英语考试翻译部分解题策略

知金教育成人学位英语教研专家组

一、大纲要求

翻译部分是2003年11月新增加的题型,共10题,考试时间30分钟。翻译试题由两部分组成。第一部分为英译汉,要求考生把前面阅读理解文章中划线的五个句子译成中文。第二部分为汉译英,要求考生把五个难度适中的中文句子译成英文。英译汉和汉译英的句子难度均低于课文的英语文章。评分标准要求译文达意,无重大语言错误。

翻译部分的目的主要是测试学生词汇、语法、句型等方面综合运用语言的能力。

二、英译汉

翻译的概念:

翻译可分为广义和狭义两个方面。广义的翻译指语言与语言,语言变体与语言变体,语言与非语言等的代码转换和基本信息的传达。这个概念的外延式相当宽泛的,它包括不同语言间的翻译(如英汉互译),语言变体间的翻译(如古今语言,不同方言间互译),语言与其他交际符号的转换(如把一条交通规则画成一个交通标志)等。狭义的翻译是一种语言活动,是把一种语言表达的内容忠实地用另外一种语言表达出来。这个定义强调“翻译是一种语言活动”,确定了狭义的翻译的性质,强调“一种语言到另外一种语言”,排除了同一语言间各变体的互译;强调“忠实的”表达。

翻译的方法:

直译:简单来讲,直译是指译文中采用原作的表达法,句子结构与原句较为相似,但也不排除在具体层次上的进行某些调整。

意译:意译是指译文中舍弃原文的表达方法,另觅同义等效的表达法,或指对原作的句子结构进行较大的变化和调整。这个时候译者往往是需要改变形式才能忠实的再现原文内容,所以会采用意译的方法。

直译和意译的优劣不能简单而论,而应根据具体情况,视其能否忠实表达愿意,能否与原文保持同等效果而作判断。

英译汉基本步骤及技巧

英译汉相对于汉译英要简单一些,考生只要理解了句子的含义,就不难把英语翻译成汉语。但是要做到译文达意,仍需要注意一些问题。从2003年和2004年的考题来看,英译汉的句子偏长,通常都包含从句或特殊句型,要把这些句子翻得语意准确,通顺流畅,笔者认为,考生要按照下面的几个步骤来进行翻译。

第一步:略读全文,通晓大意。为什么要略读呢?第一,我们没有太多的时间在考场上精读文章,但有些同学说那可不可以不读,直接翻译划线部分?这是不可取的,因为划线部分的翻译需要了解相关的上下文背景,还需要搞清楚一些代词的指代关系。所以要略读。在略读的时候要将文章的大致意思搞清楚,知道文章大致的逻辑是怎样的,是如何行文和组织结构的等等重要的相关信息,特别要弄清代词it, they, them, this, that, these, those和other等所指代的词或词组。

第二步:分析句子,划分结构。要搞清楚划线部分的句子结构,分清是简单句还是复合句,那个是主句,那个是从句,有哪些从句,从句之间的关系是什么,有哪些修饰语,有哪些插入语等等,搞清楚这些问题,再着手进行第三步。

第三步:选择词义,仔细推敲。对于划线部分的一些重点难点单词和词组进行仔细推敲,搞清楚其在文中的恰当含义是什么,比如代词的指代对象是谁,一定要仔细推敲。

第四步:适当调整,整理成文。在分析句子结构和推敲词义的基础上,将其转化成符合中文表达习惯和语法规则的中文句子,同时要从下面几个方面来校对自己的译文:

1.校核修改翻译过程中译错或表达不够准确的词组、词汇和句子。

2.校核汉语译文中的词和句有无错漏。

3.校核原文中的时间、日期、人物名称、地点,以及有关数字等是否和译文相符合。

4.校核标点符号的正确性。

三、汉译英

概说

汉译英最大的难点,在于汉语与英语的结构不同。汉语中不管是句法结构还是语法结构都相对松散,而英语则是比较严谨的语言,比较突出的一个区别就是英语中虚词(介词、连词、冠词等)的使用相当频繁,而且这类词的使用往往是语法作用大于实际意思,而汉语当中虚词的使用频率远低于实词(动词、名词、形容词、副词等)。在将汉语翻译成英语时,就不能简单地字对字地翻译,而要将汉语句子的意思用适当的英语的句型结构以及适合的语法表达出来。三级考试中汉译英考题相对简单,基本都是简单句,很少有复杂的句子,时态也以现在时和过去时为主,在翻译时最应该注意的是如何选用正确的英文句子结构。在这一部分,编者将重点讲解英文中常见的句子结构,同时涉及到英文中一些常见的句型,辅以难度适中的习题供考生练习与测试。

翻译的基本方法:直译与意译

首先应当指出,直译不是死译,而是指基本保留原有句子结构,照字面意思翻译。例如:Our friends are all over the world是直译,而We have friends all over the world就是意译。直译以严格意义上的忠实为宗旨,意译则更多考虑英语的特点。总之,选择直译还是意译,应该根据文章具体需要而定,两种译法可以并用。

汉译英基本知识和步骤

基本知识:

三级英语考试汉译英部分要求考生将五个难度适中的句子译成英文,要求句型结构准确,用词恰当,译文达意,无重大语言错误。

从考试要求出发,考生需要在考前做好如下准备:

1、词汇。万丈高楼平地起,翻译句子也是要这样,考生必须首先掌握考试大纲所要求的3800个词汇和相应的短语(一般来说汉译英部分的要求不会超出大纲词汇),所考察的都是基本的词汇、词组和短语。

2、句型。三级英语考试汉译英部分的基本要求就是要句型正确。英语的句子千变万化,但是,无论怎样变化都可以来自于五种基本句型。即:A.主语+动词。B.主语+及物动词+宾语。C.3.主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。D.4.主语+系动词+表语。E.5.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语。英语所有的句子归根到底都是从这五种句型变化而来,只要掌握了这五种基本句型,就基本可以满足三级英语考试汉译英部分的要求了。下面我们

来详细分析一下这五种基本句型,以便考生能够熟练掌握。

1.主语+不及物动词

这是最简单的一个句型,英语中有大量这样的句子。这种句型经常跟有修饰语(状语),有的时候谓语动词可以是短语动词。如:

例1.他从不露笑脸。He never smiles.例2.门铃响了。The door bell rang.例3.火车到了。The train has arrived.例4.飞机刚降落。The plane has just touched down.例5.物价又上涨了。Prices are going up again.2.主语+及物动词+宾语(S+ Vt+ O)

这是英语当中最常见的句型。与第一种句型相同,谓语也可以是短语动词,而宾语则可以有很多种形式。如:

例1.你还没有回答我的问题。You haven't answered my question.例2.她在做作业。She is doing her homework.例3.哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。Columbus discovered America in 1492.例4.他踢足球。He plays football.这种句型中的动词多是及物动词,也有可能是短语动词,即动词和介词或是副词构成的短语动词。如:

例1.我要申请这项工作。I will apply for the job.例2.我们正在收音机旁听首相的广播演说。We were listening to the Prime Minister's speech.例3.他穿上外衣。He put his coat on.另外,宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等表示:

例孩子们在玩球。The children were playing with a ball.(名词)

例1.我喜欢她。I like her.(代词)

例2.我要两个。I want two.(数词)

例3.我希望上大学。I hope to go to college.(不定式)

例4.我不想去麻烦局长。I hate troubling the director.(动名词)

例5.要是我们有一辆车多好啊。I wish we had a car.(从句)

3.主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

跟两个宾语动词叫做双宾动词,通常间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后,有时间接宾语可以放在后面,但前面要加上介词to或是for。

例1.你能给我工作吗?Can you give me a job?

例2.他给我看他的新收音机。He showed me his new radio.例3.他把这些照片给所有的学生们看。He showed the pictures to all the students.例4.超级市场正在向今天来的每位顾客赠送一盒糖。

The supermarket is giving away a box of sugar to everyone who comes today.4.主语+系动词+表语

系动词是英语当中非常常见的动词类型,有的系动词表示状态(be,feel,look,seem,sound,taste,appear,etc.),有的系动词表示状态的改变或结果(become,get,grow,turn,come,fall,make,prove,etc.),有的系动词表示状态的继续(continue,keep,remain,stay,etc.)。在系表结构中可以充当表语的包括名词、代词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、从句等。

例1.她是彼得的妹妹。She is Peter's sister.例2.回家的感觉真好。It feels good to be home.例3.这个人好像病了。The man seemed to be ill.例4.事实尚待证明。The fact remains to be proved.例5.饭后你继续干花园的活,好吗?Will you continue gardening after dinner?

5.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语

这种句型中宾语通常较短,通常为名词或代词,宾语补足语的作用就是为宾语补充一些重要信息资料,宾语补足语可以有多种形式,包括名词、形容词、介词短语、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等。如:

例1.他们任命他为总经理。They appointed him managing director.例2.他把墙漆成淡绿色。He painted the walls light green.例3.他让我看仔细一点。He told me to be more careful.例4.我闻见有东西烧焦味。I smell something burning.例5.海伦去验血了。Helen got her blood tested.以上就是英语中的五种基本句型。分析这些句型的目的,是希望考生在将汉语句子翻译成英文时,注意到英文的基本句型结构,不要在基本句型上犯错误。

基本步骤

在掌握了基本词汇和基本句型后,考生在考场上最好按照下面三个步骤来做汉译英试题。

步骤一:分析汉语句子,找出主要成分。在看到汉译英试题时,先不要着急去翻译,而是先好好的分析这个汉语句子,找出句子的主要成分——主语和谓语,然后再找出这个句子的其他成分,比如宾语、定语、状语,然后各个击破,先翻译出汉语句子的各个成分。

步骤二:按照英语句法,摆好各个部分的位置。在做好第一步工作之后,考生要根据英语的基本句型,将各个部分按照英语句法排列。首先要把主语和谓语的位置放好,然后再将各个成分依次摆好。考生主要要注意定语和状语的位置。单词作定语修饰名词时,通常放在名词的前面,但是如果同时有多个形容词来修饰一个名词时,通常按照品质、颜色、类别的顺序来决定,如:a little white wooden house 一个白色的小木屋。A small yellow wooden table 一张黄色的木头小桌子。但是凡是用介词短语、分词短语、不定式短语和从句作定语的统统放在所修饰词的后面。状语通常放在谓语动词后面,如:I’ll come again tomorrow.我明天再来。若有宾语则放在宾语后面,如:She started her job last Thursday.她是上星期四开始工作的。有些副词或其他状语有时可以放在主语和谓语(有时是主要动词)之前:如:I recently went to Berlin.我最近到柏林去了。Your suggestion, to be frank, will only get us into trouble.你的建议,说实在,只会给我们造成困难。有时候为了强调,状语可以放在句首,如:In the garden everything was peaceful.在花园里一切都那么平静。

步骤三:仔细审读,纠正错误,减小失误。考生在完成以上两个步骤后,不要以为大功告成,而是要仔细的将译文好好审读几遍,看有没有将主要的单词翻译错误,看有没有将主谓宾定状补的位置摆错,看有没有拼写的错误等等,将错误减少到最小,以保证最大的得分率。

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