第一篇：大学英语3词汇选择练习题
一、阅读理解（共1道小题，共50.0分）
1.A man came into a pet shop carrying a parrot in a bird cage.“I want to return this bird.” he said.The owner guessed the man came to complain that the bird couldn’t talk.“Sir,” he said, “We guarantee that all our parrots can talk.However, we can't guarantee when they will talk.It’s all spelled out on your sales receipt.” “No, no, you don't understand,” the customer said.“The bird talks.I just don't like his attitude.” Puzzled, the store owner said, “You're right.I don't understand, explain it to me.” “I bought the bird a week ago.Every morning, I stood in front of his cage and asked, 'Can you talk?' I did the same thing every evening.For six days, I got no response.Then, this morning, I shouted at the bird, 'can you talk, you stupid creature? Can you talk?'” The customer glared at the parrot.The owner asked, “So, what happened?” “That bird looked at me, and said, 'I can talk, all right.Can you fly?'” the customer said.1.A man came into a pet shop to _____.A.look for a pet B.kill some time C.return a parrot he had bought D.buy a new bird cage 2.The owner thought the man came probably because ______.A.he had paid too much for the bird B.he wanted to complain that the bird couldn’t talk C.the bird was sick D.the bird talked too much 3.The customer disliked the parrot because of _____.A.his attitude B.his voice C.his color D.his look 4.The parrot kept silent for _____.A.seven days B.six days C.seven weeks D.six weeks 5.In the parrot’s answer, _____ hurt the customer very much.A.“Can you talk?” B.“You stupid creature?” C.“I can talk all right.” D.“Can you fly?”
1.1.A man came into a pet shop to _____.A.look for a pet B.kill some time C.return a parrot he had bought D.buy a new bird cage 2.2.The owner thought the man came probably because ______.A.he had paid too much for the bird B.he wanted to complain that the bird couldn’t talk C.the bird was sick D.the bird talked too much 3.3.The customer disliked the parrot because of _____.A.his attitude B.his voice C.his color D.his look 4.4.The parrot kept silent for _____.A.seven days B.six days C.seven weeks D.six weeks 5.5.In the parrot’s answer, _____ hurt the customer very much.A.“Can you talk?”
B.“You stupid creature?” C.“I can talk all right.” D.“Can you fly?”
试题分值：50.0 得分：[10, 10, 10, 10, 10] 提示：1.细节题。本题问“一个男人进入了一家宠物商店，其目的是______。”答案在第一段的最后一句，该句指出该男子是想退回鹦鹉。据此可知答案是C。
2.细节题。本题问“店主认为那名男子
来此可能的原因是______。”答案在第二
段的第一句，该句大意是“店主猜测这名
男子来此是想抱怨鹦鹉不会说话”。据
此可知答案是B。
3.细节题。本题问“这名顾客不喜欢这只鹦鹉，因为______。”答案在第三段，该段大意是“ ‘不，不，你并不明白，’顾客说道。‘这只鹦鹉能说话，我只是不喜欢它的态度。’”据此可知答案是A。4.细节题。本题问“这只鹦鹉保持沉默
了多少天？”答案在最后三段，这几段段
大意是：我一周前买下了这只鸟。每天
早晨，我都站在鸟笼前问它：“你会说
话吗？”每天早晨我都这样做。一连六
天，鹦鹉都没有给我任何回应。今天早
上，我就对着它大叫了一句：“你会说话
吗，你这个蠢货？你到底会不会说话？”
说到这时，这名顾客瞪着鹦鹉。店主问道：“那，后来发生了什么呢？”“那只鸟看着我，说道：‘好吧，我会说话。那么你能飞吗？’”顾客回答道。据此可知答案是B。
5.细节题。本题问“在鹦鹉的答话中，哪些词语深深伤害了那名顾客？”根据最后一段可知答案是D。
二、单项选择题（共10道小题，共50.0分）
1.He tried in vain to _________ the students __________ their professors.A.turn„against B.turn„to C.turn„out D.turn back 知识Choice1 点: 学生答[A;] 标准答案: 案: 得分: [5] 试题分值:
A 5.0 解析：该题选A，题目大意是“他企图
使学生们反对他们的教授，其结果只能
是徒劳的”。turn against sb.：(cause to)become hostile to 转而反对；使„反对；attack 转而袭击 1.What do you 提示: think has turned Mary against her parents?你认为什么使得玛丽反对起父母来了。2.Will you turn against your professor if he is too hard on you?如果教授对你过于严厉，你会转而反对他吗？
2.___________ I thought he was joking, but then I realized he was serious.A.At least B.At leisure C.At first D.At my best 知识点: Choice1 学生答[C;] 标准答案: 案: 得分: [5]
试题分值:
C 5.0 解析：该题选C，题目大意是“起初我以为他是开玩笑,可后来我知道他是当
真的”。
at first: 起初，当初 1.At first I 提示: felt very lonely.起先我感到很寂寞。2.At first I did not like him but now I do.起初我不喜欢他，但现在却喜欢。3.At first it was all very casual and fun.起初,一切都非常的偶然和有趣.3.A few workers were promoted, but meanwhile hundreds of workers were _______.A.settled B.committed C.dismissed D.proposed 知识点: Choice1 学生答[C;] 案: 得分: [5]
标准答案: 试题分值:
C 5.0 解析：该题选C，题目大意是“少数工
人得到提升，与此同时却有数百名工人
被解雇”。dismiss: vt.1.解散，遣散，让散开，让离开；把„打发走：
The teacher dismissed the class early.老提示: 师早下课。
2.免(或撤)„的职，罢„的官；革(职)，解雇，开除： They dismissed the cook.他们把厨师解雇了。The boss dismissed the employee.老板解雇了那个雇员。
4.In the past few years my aunt ___________ enough money to buy a house.A.has saved up B.has kept up C.has set up D.has saved aside 知识点: Choice1
A 5.0 学生答[A;] 标准答案: 案: 得分: [5] 试题分值: 解析：该题选A，题目大意是“我的婶婶在前几年存了足够的钱去买了一所房子”。save up：储存起来；储蓄 1.I worked hard to save up for a new house.我努力工作存钱来买新房子。
2.I´m opening an account to save up for
提示: a new car.我正要开立账户，以便存钱买辆
新车。
3.I am looking for a temporary job so that I can save up some money to study abroad.我在找一份临时的工作，以便攒上一些钱出国留学。5.6.If our neighbor continues to refuse to keep his dog under control, we have to take him to ___________.A.solicitor B.brush C.prisoner D.court 知识点: Choice1
D 5.0 学生答[D;] 标准答案: 案: 得分: [5] 试题分值: 解析：该题选D，题目大意是“如果我们的邻居仍然拒绝看管好他的狗，我们就不得不法庭上见提示: 了”。
take sb.to court：控告某人，对某人提出诉讼
1.If you don´t
pay up, I´ll take you to court.如果你不还清欠款, 我就到法院告你.2.He is taken to court for the brush with the police.他因为与警察发生小冲突而被带上法庭。
3.You can take me to court if you want to.There is nothing in writing.如果愿意你
可以起诉我, 但是没有任何书面文件.7.Jeanne has decided on law as her _______.She wants to become a civil rights lawyer and help the poor.A.employment B.business C.profession D.occupation 知识点: Choice2
C 5.0 学生答[C;] 标准答案: 案: 得分: [5] 试题分值: 解析：该题选C，题目大意是“珍妮决定从事法律工作。她想成为一名帮助穷人捍卫公民权的律师”。
profession：n.职业，专业 1.What is your profession?你的职业是什么？ 2.Cooking is 提示: not only a profession.烹饪不止是一项职业。
3.He has a perfect profession record.他有着完美的职业记录。
4.Nursing is still a predominantly female profession.护理这个行业仍以女性为
主。8.9.I prefer to work in an ________ environment where there are good libraries and cultural facilities.A.urban B.rural C.suburb D.area 知识Choice2 点: 学生答[A;] 案: 得[5] 分:
标准答案:
A
试题分值: 5.0 解析：该题选A，题目大意是“我喜欢在都市环境下工作，那里有一流的图书馆和文化设施”。urban：of a town or city 城市的，都市的，居住在城市的 1.Many people move to urban areas to have the excitement of city life.许多人搬 入城区，去享受都市激动人心的生活。提 2.Transportation,housing,and 示: employment are very important urban problems.交通、住房和就业是非常重要的城市问题。
3.In the past ten years or so, China’s urban population has been increasing very rapidly.在过去大约十年当中，中国的城市人口一直在激增。10.11.I’m _________ that he is innocent in the whole affair.A.convincing B.believed C.believing D.convinced 知识点: Choice2 学生答[D;] 标准答案: 案: 得分: [5] 试题分值:
D 5.0 解析：该题选D，题目大意是“我确信他在整件事中是清白的”。
be convinced：服气；确信；信服 1.You will soon be convinced that she is innocent.你不久就会确信她是无罪
提示: 的。
2.His first requirement is that we be convinced.他第一个要求是，我们信服。3.Ask yourself, what else do I need to be convinced?想想自己,我需要什么服 气?
12.After running to the bus-stop, I sat down to __________.A.out of breath B.catch breath C.catch my breath D.lose my breath 知识点: Choice2
C 5.0 学生[C;] 标准答案: 答案: 得分: [5] 试题分值: 解析：该题选C，题目大意是“跑到公共汽车站之后，我坐下来歇口气”。
catch one’s
breath：屏住呼吸；（非正式）休息一下；歇一口气
提示: 1.It´s ten
o´clock, let´s catch our breath.十点了, 让我们歇一下吧。2.After climbing to the hill top, I sat down to catch my breath.爬到山顶之后我坐下来歇一口气。3.After the day´s work, we sat down over coffee to catch our breath.白天辛劳工 作后, 我们坐下来喝杯咖啡, 放松一下。
13.Medical scientists __________ finding a cure for cancer since 1960s.A.have been working out B.have been working C.have been working on D.have been building on 知识点: Choice2
C 5.0 学生[C;] 标准答案: 答案: 得分: [5] 试题分值: 解析：该题选C，题目大意是“自从20世纪60年代以来，医学方面的科学家一直在努力寻找治疗癌症的方法”
work on：致力于，从事于：
1.He has been working on a new novel for over a year now.近一年多来, 他一直
提示: 在写一部新小说。2.The scientists are still working on inventing new methods of reaching outer space.科学家们仍致力于发明到达外层空间的新方法。
第二篇：大学英语四级英语词汇练习题 终稿
1.With the _______of Mary, all the girl students are eager to go to the party.A.exhibitionB.exceptionC.exceptD.reception
2.Although the traffic is not busy, he likes to drive at a _______ speed.A.spareB.fastC.moderateD.moral
3.All the memories of his childhood had _______ from his mind by the time he was 65.A.fadedB.illustratedC.confinedD.concerned
4.This river is so big that it is impossible to build a _______ under it without modern technology.A.canalB.tunnelC.channelD.cable
5.The _______ is nearly dead , so I can not start the car again.A.beanB.beamC.bakeD.battery
6.When making modern cameras, people began to _______ plastics for metal.A.surroundB.substanceC.stretchD.substitute
7.With the help of the government, a large number of people _______ after the flood in 1991.A.survivedB.suspendedC.sufferedD.subfected
8.He always has a lot of _______ ideas in his mind, and sometimes we do not even know what he is thinking about.A.novelB.spoilC.acceptableD.additional
9.Please be serious.I am not _______.You should consider it carefully
A.sortingB.jokingC.countingD.comparing
10.We do not have a _______ school in our institute.The highest degree we provide for the students is a B.A.and a B.S..A.continueB.bayC.assistanceD.graduate
11.In the United States, the foreign policy is decided by the ________ government, not by each state.A.federalB.figureC.scientificD.service
12.He works in our university as a visiting _______, not as a formal faculty member.A.traditionalB.scholarC.nurseD.pilot
13.When you fill in the application form, please use your _______ address so that we can contact you easily later.A.policyB.plainC.permanentD.principal
14.John _______ to be a polite man.But in fact he is very rude.A.pretendsB.assuresC.affordsD.melts
15.We can not trust him any more because he often ________ his duty.A.owesB.spoilsC.desertsD.neglects
16.In order to increase our output, we need to import more production _______.A.facilitiesB.hensC.votesD.artists
17.When a spacecraft travels, one of the major problems is reentry into the Earth’s _______.A.surfaceB.atmosphereC.attitudeD.bent
18.This river forms a natural _______ between China and Korea.A.boundaryB.stringC.spotD.zone
。-1-
19.She is already 16years old.But she _______as if she were still a little girl.A.believesB.absorbsC.accessesD.behaves
20.We are _______ at the rapid progress Mark has made in this semester.A.distinguishedB.annoyedC.astonishedD.scored
21.The doctors _______ the medicines to the people in the flood area.A.distributedB.packedC.prayedD.undertook
22.Much of the news provided by this newspaper is _______, not foreign.A.domesticB.strainC.purchaseD.murder
23.He tried to _______relations with his former wife but he failed.A.measureB.maintainC.shelterD.reply
24.He _______ to study harder in the future so that he could have more opportunities to find a better job.A.resolvedB.resortedC.requestedD.reserved
25.The _______ work continued for more than a week but there was still no sign of the missing boy.A.researchB.rescueC.vesselD.vast
26.Many kinds of animals are believed to have _________ from the earth
A.withdrawnB.vanishedC.foundD.hung
27.The engineers in this lab spent several weeks _______ their plans for the new bicycle.A.countingB.strippingC.elaboratingD.casting
28.Pine trees are usually believed to _______ cold weather.A.guardB.accomplishC.roarD.endure
29.Free medical service is _______ to nearly all the college students in China.A.favoriteB.availableC.convenientD.average
30.After working for twenty hours without any rest, the doctors were _______.A.exhaustedB.mountedC.wrappedD.restored
31.The college students in China are _______ from smoking on campus because this will do them no good.A.discouragedB.observedC.obeyedD.obtained
32.Professor Smith is also the _______ of the international program office.If you have any problem when you study here, you may go to him for help.A.detectiveB.presidentC.managerD.director
33.We won’t allow any foreign country to _______ in our internal affairs.A.devoteB.districtC.interfereD.wander
34.We can not _______ all the magazines together.A.routeB.drawC.threadD.bind
35.What he said in the meeting _______ everybody present.A.disgustedB.dismissedC.disposedD.eliminated
36.Some lazy men would rather _______ than work.A.indicateB.declareC.solveD.starve
37.This boy was _______ for what he had done in the class.A.scoldedB.overcomeC.inclinedD.displayed
38.Some states in the United States _______ people to carry guns.A.applyB.charmC.ignoreD.forbid
39.Carelessness made him fall in his job _______.A.interviewB.intentionC.stomachD.stocking
40.Sometimes it is very difficult to _______ some of the English words.Even the native speaker can not help.A.decreaseB.createC.defineD.delight
41.Students with _______ problems may apply for student loans.A.economicB.financialC.maleD.economical
42.Both sugar and salt can ______in water.A.desertB.absorbC.dissolveD.involve
43.I have not heard anything from him since his _______.A.departureB.faultC.foundationD.acceptance
44.Without a proper education, people could _______ all kinds of crimes.A.conductB.stoopC.commitD.sweat
45.Several loudspeakers are _______ from the ceiling and we can hear the speaker very clearly.A.connectedB.sustainedC.associatedD.suspended
46.This morning in the class, our teacher lost his _______ at last because he could not stand any more.A.temperB.terrorC.verseD.contain
47.It is not---_______ for me to return all the books to the library now because I still need some of them for my research.A.continuousB.difficultC.convenientD.sufficient
48.When traveling alone in the mountains, you’d better take a _______ with you in case you get lost.A.compassB.compressC.composeD.campus
49.As a teacher, you should not _______ the students from asking questions in class.A.ruinB.restrainC.importD.impose
50.If you have any problems during your study here, please do not _______ to call me for help
A.hesitateB.despairC.urgeD.request
答案：
1.B 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.A 9.B 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.D 16.A 17.B 18.A
19.D 20.C 21.A 22.A 23.B 24.A 25.B 26.B 27.C 28.D 29.B 30.A 31.A 32.D 33.C
34.D 35.A 36.D 37.A 38.D 39.A 40.C 41.B 42.C 43.A 44.C 45.D 46.A 47.C 48.A
49.B 50.A
51.His proposal is _______ to all of us and you do not need to tell us more about it.A.apparentB.appearingC.approachingD.apart
52.This mountain range has many high _______ and fertile valleys.A.peaksB.hillsC.phasesD.pink
53.He gave us a good _______ of his experience.A.demonstrationB.frequencyC.DescriptionD.instruction
54.You have your choice of three _______ of ice cream.A.varietiesB.topsC.respectsD.decks
55.This sick man was _______ in a blanket.A.inputB.issuedC.ensuredD.wrapped
56.This is the military ________.Nobody is allowed to get in without permission.A.bondB.zoneC.butterD.zoo
57.Rock music usually _______ the young people in most countries.A.applies toB.appeals toC.amazesD.actress
58.Would he have seen you if you hadn’t _______ to him?
A.intendedB.wavedC.expressedD.debt
59.Everyone _______ the right to his own opinion.A.imitatesB.requestsC.deservesD.outlines
60.I’m worried about the appearance of the floor.I need to _______ it.A.cleanB.fixC.waxD.oven
61.He felt _______ of what he had done in school.A.shyB.ashC.advisableD.ashamed
62.Milk, butter and cheese are _______ here from the farms.A.importedB.transferredC.transformedD.transported
63.I never realized that someday I would be married to a _______.A.moleculeB.oxygenC.geniusD.rug
64.We all _______ your coming to help us.A.appropriateB.appreciateC.admitD.affect
65.What they are _______ about is which comes first: the chicken or the egg?
A.summingB.strikingC.stirringD.arguing
66.I certainly didn’t intend to _______ your plans.A.upsetB.shakeC.shaveD.drag
67.If you want a pen, look inside the _______ of the desk.A.boxB.drawerC.majorD.melt
68.Under no _______ will I go there again.A.circumstancesB.situationC.giantD.happen
69.This supermarket developed rapidly under his _______.A.administrationB.suggestionC.approachD.appearance
70.That is a _______ point of view.I don’t agree with you.A.crystalB.proteinC.unionD.conservative
71.That radio company is so big that it has a lot of _______ in foreign countries.A.introducersB.instructorsC.conductorsD.agents
72.I am afraid it was a _______ for you to do this.A.botherB.bitterC.bakeD.band
73.During these ten years, many new methods have been _______ in the field of
foreign language teaching.A.adoptedB.adaptedC.alarmedD.aided
74.That is _______ behavior and nobody likes it.A.whistleB.structuralC.selfishD.fur
75.Yesterday was such a _______ day we decided to go for a drive.A.gloriousB.dynamicalC.avenueD.invitation
76.Two lines can form an infinite number of _______.A.anklesB.anglesC.angelsD.adults
77.He needed a _______ operation.A.missileB.indirectC.incomeD.minor
78.Most people say that the new film is a ______.A.mysteryB.smartC.furnitureD.custom
79.They serve _______ food in this restaurant.A.castleB.glueC.deliciousD.wing
80.We are leaving this afternoon, but we have not _______ our suitcases yet.A.trappedB.insultedC.packedD.invited
81.The _______ of the house is beautifully painted.A.underneathB.wellC.interiorD.image
82.A general _______ is held in the United States every four years.A.selectionB.choiceC.electionD.choose
83.His friend was injured in an airplane _______.A.breakB.crashC.failD.falling
84.I am a new _______.I was hired yesterday.A.employerB.employeeC.employmentD.fence
85.I didn’t know where to send this _______ letter.A.registeredB.maidC.mailD.male
86.What are the _______ farm products in this region?
A.principleB.princessC.principalD.prince
87.Alan is a good football player and never breaks _______.A.legalB.regulationsC.limitationD.agreement
88.In college I _______ in science.What was your major?
A.majoredB.orderedC.recordedD.touched
89.The first part of this paper is the _______ review.A.literatureB.fieldC.studyD.phenomenon
90.The next time I buy a TV set, I’m going to buy one with a larger _______.A.frontB.screenC.partD.menu Contest 5.答案：
51.A 52.A 53.C 54.A 55.D 56.B 57.B 58.B 59.C 60.C 61.D 62.D 63.C
64.B 65.D 66.A 67.B 68.A 69.A 70.D 71.D 72.A 73.A 74.C
75.A 76.B 77.D 78.A 79.C 80.C 81.C 82.D 83.B 84.B 85.A
86.C 87.B 88.A 89.A 90.B
Understanding a budget
A budget is a foreign concept to kids(and, it should be said, to many adults).Younger children, especially, simply won’t realize that mommy and daddy have a _____(1)_____ amount of money to spend every month.But, _____(2)______what a
budget is, and why it is a good idea, is one of the central pillars of financial literacy.The best way to teach kids how a budget works is _____(3)_________ to show them.That’s not to say that you should open your books up to your children and show them every penny coming in or out(although you may consider ______(4)______ some details with teenagers about things like your mortgage payment, car payments, and so on).Instead, just give them a broad ____(5)_______ of how adults have to divide up their money each month.One easy way to demonstrate this concept is to take a stack of Monopoly money（游戏钞票）, and tell your child that the stack represents how much money you ____(6)_____ every month from work.Then, divide up the ______(7)_______ one at a time to show how much you spend on the house, how much you spend on food, how much you save, how much you give to charitable _____(8)______, and so forth.The denomination（面额）aren’t important.What’s important is showing your children that you have a _____(9)________ plan for your money, and that you are on the top of the family finances.Encourage your child to start a budget of his own: part of his allowance should go to savings, part to charity, and part of it is just for fun.Help your child identify what he _____(10)_______ values, and budget his money accordingly.A.aware
B.sharing
C.sense
D.bills
E.make
F.conscious
G.truly
H.learning
I.simply
J.organizations
K.feeling
L.limited
答案：LHIBCEDJFG
第三篇：大学英语词汇竞赛
2011级大学英语词汇竞赛策划书
一、目的为激发学生英语学习的兴趣，丰富学生词汇量，提高广大学生英语综合素质。竞赛采取笔试的形式，目的是考查学生单词掌握情况，让学生重视书本上的词汇，在增加同学们的词汇量的同时，提高英语四。六级的通过率和优秀率。
二、内容
（一）主/承办方
主办：教务处
承办：大学外语教学与研究中心
（二）竞赛题型
初赛： 选择题；完型填空
决赛： 听力；选择题；完型填空题；拼写题
（三）竞赛日期
初赛： 4月23，24日（随堂测任课老师监考）
决赛： 5月3日星期四下午4：00-4：45.（四）竞赛地点
初赛：读写课的教室
决赛：借4个标准教室，安排4名监考老师（120名学生参加）
（五）报名方式
初赛：不需报名，所有2011级学生都必须参加，成绩按10%算入期末总成绩。
决赛：每个系的前10名同学有资格参加决赛，由读写老师根据初赛成绩单通知学生参加决赛。
（六）参赛要求
初赛：所有2011级学生，其他年级不予接纳。
决赛：
（七）竞赛安排
本次竞赛分初赛和决赛。初赛后，每个系的前10名可以进入决赛。
（八）评奖办法
学生： 第一名10人，第二名10人；第三名10人（按成绩顺序排，不按系）；每个参加决赛的同学都颁发奖状。
老师：按参加决赛学生人数多少奖励10名老师。（教务处经费出）
三、预算
命题费： 700元
试卷印刷费： 初赛6套题共6100份（5套正常使用，第6套给缓考的学生用）；
复赛1套题 130份
学生奖品： 50元×10人=500元；30元×10人=300元；20元×10人=200元； 共1000元。
教师奖励：1000元。
教师阅卷：从创收中按课酬出
四、备注
1.初赛机器阅卷。
2.决赛机器阅卷和人工评卷。
第四篇：考博英语词汇和翻译练习题
考博英语练习题
1.Daily nutrition, weight, and physical activities in the family will largely determine whether your children are _____ to children diabetes.A.likely B.susceptible C.influential D.Sustainable 2.The accusations we bring against others should be ____ ourselves;they should not ____ complacency and easy judgments on our part concerning our own moral conduct.A.denigration of.., exclude B.instructions to...equate C.parodies of...satirize D.warnings to...justify 【翻译练习】
1、英译汉参考译文
The researchers, from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, say when people are living together they share behaviors, such as eating meals together and watching TV.The scientists also note that marriage provides a number of health benefits, including decreased cigarette smoking and lower mortality.2、汉译英
上海举行的峰会可以促进六国之间的友好合作关系。【参考答案】 1.B 【句子大意】每日汲取的营养成分，体重和在家锻炼很大程度上决定您的孩子是否容易患上儿童糖尿病。
【精析】likely“很可能的，合适的”；susceptible“易受影响的”；influential“有影响的，有势力的”；sustainable“可以忍受的，足可支撑的”；故选B项。2.D 【句子大意】那些对他人的控告应该视为对我们自己的一个警告；我们不能够仅凭自身道德行径就有理由去妄下定论并且骄傲自满。
【精析】denigration of 诋毁，贬损；exclude排除，排斥；instructions教导，说明；equate使相等，视为平等；parodies of模仿，效仿；satirize讽刺，挖苦；Warnings to警告；justify证明合法。根据原文，可根据第一句话，首先排除AC选项，对他人的控告不能是对自身的一种诋毁，或效仿。故选D项。【翻译参考答案】
1、英译汉参考译文
北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)的研究人员说，两个人生活在一起就会一同行动，比如说一块儿吃饭看电视。科学家们还强调，婚姻会带来许多健康方面的好处，比如说少抽烟，死亡率也会降低。
2、汉译英参考答案
The Summit Sessions held in Shanghai could foster better relations and cooperation between the six counties.================================= 1.Dozens of scientific groups all over the world have been ______ the goal of a practical and economical way to use sunlight to split water molecules.A.chasing B.reaching C.pursuing D.winning 2.Scientists believe that a conclusion which is drawn readily before all of the relevant data are collected, analyzed and contemplated is called ______.A.insincere B.premise C.presumption D.premature 【翻译练习】
1、英译汉
The Wall Street bank said it earned $1bn, or $1.69 a share, in the second quarter, up from $683m, or $1.13 a share, a year earlier.Strong fixed-income trading results offset a sharp drop in debt-underwriting revenue.2、汉译英
只有那些不怕困难的人，才有可能在工作中取得卓越的成果。【参考答案】 1.C 许多世界各地的科学团体一直追求利用太阳光分解水分子这一经济实用方式的目标。【解析】动词词义辨析。chase“追逐，追捕”；reach“达到，抵达，伸出”；pursue“继续，追求，追赶”；win“赢得，在„„中获胜”。由关键词have been“一直在（表示持续状态”及“goal”可推知“追求目标”符合，由此知C项正确。2.C 【句意】科学家们认为在所有的相关数据被收集、分析和考虑之前轻易得出的结论被称为推定。
【解析】名词及形容词词义辨析。insincere“（形容词）不诚实的，虚假的”；premise“前提，假设”；presumption“假定，推定”；premature“早产儿，过早发生的事物”。由关键词conclusion“结论”及“before all of the relevant data are collected, analyzed and contemplated”可推知“称为推定”符合，由此知C项正确。【翻译参考答案】
1、英译汉参考译文
这家华尔街银行表示，第二季度它的每股收益为10亿美元，合每股1.69美元，高于上年同期的6.83亿美元，即每股1.13美元。强劲的固定收益交易业绩抵消了债券承销收入的大幅下降。
2、汉译英参考答案
Only those who are not afraid of any difficulties have the chance of achieving outstanding results in their work.================================ 1.The Chinese language differs _____ from the English language because of their different writing system and pronunciation.A)considerably B)consistently C)confidently D)continually 2.Everyone is trying to _____ how the fire started.A)figure out B)make out C)turn out D)clear out 【翻译练习】
1、英译汉
We live in an ascending scale when we live happily, one thing leading to another in an endless series.There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men, and although we dwell on a small planet, immersed in petty business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years, we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible, like stars, and the term of hoping is prolonged until the term of life.To be truly happy is a question of how we begin and not of how we end, of what we want and not of what we have.2、汉译英
那种情况出现时,这种反应并不错，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用。这种本能应得到鼓励, 而不应遭到嘲弄。【参考答案】 1.A 【句意】汉语与英语有很大的不同，因为两者的文字和发音不同。
【解析】词义辨析题。considerably相当；consistently始终；confidently 自信地；continually不断地。2.A 【句意】每个人都试图弄懂是如何起火的。
【解析】词组辨析题。figure out 猜测，弄懂；make out起草，理解；turn out生产，变成；clear out 离开，腾出，清理。
1、英译汉参考译文
正是因为不停地追求进取，我们才感到生活幸福。一件事完成后，另一件随之而来，如此连绵不绝，永无止境。对于往前看的人来说，眼前总有一番新天地。虽然我们蜗居于这颗小行星上，整日忙于琐事且生命短暂，但我们生来就有不尽的希望，如天上繁星，遥不可及。只要生命犹在，希望便会不止。真正的幸福在于怎样开始，而不是如何结束，在于我们的希翼，而并非拥有。
2、汉译英参考答案
When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.================================= 1.Now that the excitement of celebrating has had a chance to _____, it's time to turn the Olympic ideal into reality.A)cut off B)carry off C)turn off D)wear off 2._____, wings for the common man had to await the dawn of the space age to go back to the simplicity of their beginnings.A)Consequently B)Regularly C)Ironically
D)Comprehensively 【翻译练习】
1、英译汉
The 21st century is named as the era of “Internet as the king”.Cyberspace will be an important strategic resource in this century.Network economy has great influence on the traditional economic theories and even changes them.Network economy has obvious scale effect.A greater scale promises more clients, products of more standard level, more business opportunities and thus much more interests.No matter how miraculous the Internet is, it cannot exist independently without traditional economy.Without traditional economy, network economy will be like the fountain without water and the trees without roots, which will not make a sustainable development.2、汉译英
他在科研上取得的成就要比预期的大。【1.11）参考答案 1.D 【句意】既然庆祝的兴奋感已经消失了，现在是把奥林匹克理想变成现实的时候了。
【解析】词组辨析题。cut off 断掉，切断；carry off 夺得，夺走；turn off 关掉；wear off 消失，磨掉。2.C 【句意】讽刺的是，为了回到自身飞翔的单纯起点，普通人类不得不等待太空时代的到来。【解析】词义辨析题。consequently 因此；regularly 经常；ironically 讽刺地，出人意外的；comprehensively 全面地，透彻地，此句含有一个前后的逻辑关系，故选C。
1、英译汉参考译文
21世纪被人们称为“网络称雄”的时代，网络空间(cyberspace)将是本世纪重要的战略资源。网络经济对传统经济理论有着重大的影响，且甚至会改变它们。网络经济具有明显的规模效应。一个较大的规模预示着更多客户、更标准化的产品、更多的商业机会和因此而产生的过多利益。然而，不论网络如何神奇，它都不能脱离传统经济而独立存在。脱离了传统经济，网络经济将不会有持续性发展，这就如同无水之源、无本之木。
2、汉译英参考答案
The success he has achieved in scientific research is greater than expected.=============================== 1.Some cultures have customs that ____ the clothing fashions of people in certain social classes.A)modify B)alter C)regulate D)revise 2.The ______ beauty of the mountain has made it a world-famous resort.Every year numerous tourists from home and abroad come to visit it.A)perpetual B)perplexed C)preserved D)perished 【翻译练习】
1、英译汉
In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them——even while building materials have changed dramatically.2、汉译英
很难说哪个方案更为切实可行。【参考答案】 1.C 【句意】某些文化有一些习俗，这些习俗规定了某些社会阶层中人们的穿衣时尚。【解析】动词辨析题。四个选项意思分别是：modify“修改，更改；修饰”；alter“改变，更改”；regulate “控制，管理；调整；调节”；revise“修订，修改；复习”。制度的管理和规定经常用regulate，modify是指略微的修改，alter范围较广，指任何的改变，revise通常指修订课本。所以选项C是最佳答案。2.C 【句意】山区未被破坏的美景使它成为世界闻名的度假胜地。每年，都有大量国内外的游客慕名来访。
【解析】形容词辨析题。四个选项意思分别是：perpetual “永久的，终身的；不断的，常发生的”；perplexed “困惑的，茫然不知所措的”；preserved “保护的”；perished “消亡的，毁坏的”。根据句子的上下文意思判断，只有选项C符合题意。【翻译参考答案】
1、英译汉参考译文
为了使结构达到必要的大小和强度去满足它的目的，建筑学上使用了一些支撑的方法，因为这些方法都是基于物理定律，所以尽管建筑材料已经发生了巨大变化，这些方法却自人们发现它们以来就没有什么变化。
2、汉译英参考答案
It’s hard to say which plan is more practicable.=============================== 1.Fred tried to get to the door, but the table was ______.A.in a way B.on the way C.in the way D.by the way 2.______ a sudden burst of rain, the children came home with wet clothes.A.For B.Due to C.Owning to D.Thanks to 【翻译练习】
1、英译汉 Taihu Lake, a freshwater lake located in the eastern part of China with an area of 2250 square kilometers, is the third largest freshwater lake in China, next to Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake.There are about 90 islands in Taihu Lake ranging in size from a few square meters to a few square kilometers.2、汉译英 对我们来说，生活要是没有广大的城市地区似乎是不可想象的，但实际上城市还是相对近代才发展起来的。【参考答案】 1.C 【句意】Fred打算到门口去，但桌子挡住了道。【解析】词组辨析。in a way“在某种程度上”；on the way“在„„途中”；in the way“妨碍，挡道”；by the way“顺便说说”。根据题干中表示转折的but和做主语的the table“桌子”可以推断出答案选项为C。2.C 【句意】由于突降阵雨，孩子们回家后衣服都淋湿了。
【解析】近义词用法辨析。for引导的表示原因的状语从句不能放在句首，而且前面一般用逗号与主句分开；Owing to做状语时强调因果关系，修饰整个句子，可在句首或者句末，用逗号隔开；Due to作状语时与owing to同义，但一般不与其他成分隔开；Thanks to表示原因时一般出于感谢；故答案选项为C。【翻译参考答案】
1、英译汉参考译文
太湖是中国东部的一个淡水湖，占地面积 2250平方公里，是中国三大淡水湖，仅次于 鄱阳和洞庭。太湖约有90个岛屿，大小从几平方米到几平方公里不等。
2、汉译英参考答案
Life without large urban areas may seem inconceivable to us, but actually cities are relatively recent development.================================= 1.The new media law that has sparked a furor in the country requires all broadcast and digital media to provide “balanced coverage“ and is seen by critics as an attempt to __ the press.A.muzzle B.underpin C.sidestep D.reassure 2.______ whether the loan proposal is made by a government, state enterprise or private corporation, an appraisal of the economic and political situation of the borrower's country must be made to assess the risk involved.A.Depending on B.Notwithstanding C.irrespective of D.On account of 【翻译练习】 1.英译汉
The Chinese government announced the annual August 8 as the ”National Fitness Day“ to promote physical activities throughout the country.This move not only popularizes the concept of keeping fit around the nation, but also diversifies the methods of taking exercise.2.汉译英
你应该仔细核对全部资料，以避免严重错误。【参考答案】 1.A 【句意】新媒体法激起了公愤，它要求所有广播和数码媒体做到“均衡报道”，这被看做是一种压制新闻自由的举措。
【精析】Muzzle“使缄默；封锁...的言论”，underpin“巩固；支持”，sidestep“回避；侧向躲避”，reassure“使安心；使放心”。根据题意，答案选A。2.C 【句意】无论是政府贷款，国企贷款，还是私企贷款，都应该对借方国家的经济和政治形势有所评估，以预计贷款风险。
【精析】Depending on“根据，取决于”，notwithstanding“尽管；仍然”，irrespective of“不论；不考虑；不顾”，on account of“由于；因为”，根据题意，答案选C。【翻译参考答案】 1.英译汉参考译文
中囯政府宣布每年的8月8日为“全民健身日”(National Fitness Day)，推动全民健身。这一举动不仅在全国范围内普及了健康理念，还使人们锻炼的方式更加多样化。2.汉译英参考答案
You should check all the data carefully so as to avoid serious mistakes.================================= 1.We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it ________ when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society.A.compacted B.dispersed C.delayed D.restricted 2.Allen will soon find out that real life is seldom as simple as it is ________in commercials.A.drafted B.depicted C.alleged D.permeated 【翻译练习】 1.英译汉
long before the emergence of the written word, ballads, accompanied by music and dance,and myths, passed around by word of mouth, were widely popular.Chinese literature finds its origins in these traditions.however, ballads were what people improvised out of daily life, and due to lack of means to record and preserve them in ancient times, they quickly disappeared without leaving much of a trace.2.汉译英
即使你说服不了他，也不要灰心丧气。【参考答案】 1.D 【句意】我们都享有选择的自由，而不喜欢在社会的法律和道德界限内看到自由被约束。【解析】动词(过去分词)辨析。A.compacted “v.压缩（compact的过去式和过去分词）；压紧”；B.dispersed “v.分散；传播（disperse的过去分词）”；C.delayed “v.延迟（delay的过去式）”；D.restricted “v.限制（restrict的过去式和过去分词）”。2.B 【句意】艾伦将很快发现实际生活很少想广告中描绘的那样简单。
【解析】动词(过去分词)辨析。A.drafted “v.设计；挑选；拉开（draft的过去式和过去分词）”；B.depicted “vt.描述；描画（depict的过去式和过去分词）”；C.alleged“v.宣称（allege的过去式和过去分词）；断言adj.所谓的；声称的；被断言的”；D.permeated “v.弥漫(permeate的过去式和过去分词)；遍布；渗入；渗透”。【翻译参考答案】 1.英译汉参考译文
与舞蹈和音乐相伴的歌谣跟口头流传的神话，远在文字出现之前就已大量产生。中国的文学正是发端于此。不过歌谣本是人们在生活中随兴而发的东西，上古时代也没有保存和记载它们的手段，因之也就很快湮灭，不留痕迹。2.汉译英参考答案
Don’t feel discouraged even if you should fail in persuading him.================================= 1.I had eaten Chinese food often, but I could not have imagined how_______ and extravagant a real Chinese banquet could be.A.fabulous B.gracious C.handsome D.prominent 2.I told him that I would ______ him to act for me while I was away from office.A.identify B.authorize C.rationalize D.justify 【翻译练习】 1.英译汉
as it turns out, showering or bathing daily wreaks havoc on something hilariously called the horny layer.hot water, soap and abrasive surfaces strip off the horny layer, exposing living cells to the elements.2.汉译英
这件事至今还没有得出正确的结论。【参考答案】 1.A 【句意】我之前常吃中餐，但是还是不能想象真正的中式宴会能有多么好，多么奢侈。【解析】形容词辨析。A.fabulous“adj.难以置信的；传说的，寓言中的；极好的”；B.gracious“adj.亲切的；高尚的；和蔼的；雅致的”；C.handsome“adj.（男子）英俊的；可观的；大方的，慷慨的；健美而端庄的”；D.prominent“adj.突出的，显著的；杰出的；卓越的”。2.B 【句意】我告知他在我不在办公室期间，我会授权他代表我。
【解析】动词辨析。A.identify“vt.确定；鉴定；识别，辨认出；使参与；把„看成一样 vi.确定；认同；一致” B.authorize“vt.批准，认可；授权给；委托代替”；C.rationalize “vt.使„„合理化；使„„有理化；为„„找借口vi.实行合理化；作辩解；合理地思考”；D.justify “vt.证明„是正当的；替„辩护vi.证明合法；整理版面”。【翻译参考答案】 1.英译汉参考译文
其实每天洗澡会严重破坏身上的角质层。热水、肥皂和搓澡巾会使角质层脱落，让我们的皮肤暴露在外。2.汉译英参考答案
So far no correct conclusion has been drawn on the matter.================================= 1.As I have mentioned, an important source of human stress is the _______between the demands of the individual and those of his society.A.splash B.smash C.crash D.clash 2.From his directions, it shouldn't be difficult to _____ the beach house in the map, even though you have never been there before.A.determine B.locate C.unearth D.ascertain 【翻译练习】 1.英译汉
Another problem which the world will face is to get rid of refuse(废料).One solution is to burn refuse at very high temperatures in incinerators(焚化炉).A development of this, which may prove very useful in the future, is to use these incinerators to generate steam power.2.汉译英
你对下一步该做些什么，清楚了吗? =============================== 1.The head window of the car is made of safety glass that won't _____if it is broken.A.shatter B.shudder C.crush D.crumple 2.The mechanic jacked up the car and then ______ to change the tire.A.advanced B.went C.proceeded D.moved 【翻译练习】 1.英译汉
About 350 years ago Galileo made a telescope and looked through it at the sun.What he saw both surprised and frightened him, for he saw dark spots on the sun which at once suggested to him that God had not made the world quite as perfect as he had previously believed.2.汉译英
他在这次旅行中的所见所闻给他留下了深刻的印象。【参考答案】 1.D 【句意】正如我所提到的，人类压力的一个重要来源是个人需求与社会需求之间的冲突。【解析】词义辨析。A项“splash溅泼声，溅泼；溅上的斑点等；溅泼的量；少量液体”；B项“smash破碎，破碎时发出的声音；撞车；网球的高压球；极为轰动的戏剧、歌曲、影片等”；C项“crash撞击（声），破裂（声）；撞车，（车辆等）碰撞”；D项“dash(金属等的）刺耳的撞击声；（两群人之间的）打斗，打架，冲突；争论，争执；（颜色）不协调；交锋，交战，比赛”。2.B 【句意】根据他的指示，你不难在地图上找出那海滨别墅的地点，虽然你从来没有去过那个地方。
【解析】词义辨析。A项“determine v.确定某事物，决定；确定，测定”；B项“locate 找出，把„„设置，在，使坐落于”；C项“unearth发掘，掘出”；D项“ascertain确定，查明”。
【翻译参考答案】 1.英译英参考译文
世界将面对着的另一问题是处理废物。有一个解决办法就是在焚化炉中用高温的废物烧掉。这种方法的一个新发展，可能在将来证明极为有用，即是以这些焚火炉来产生蒸汽动力。2.汉译英参考答案
Are you clear about what you should do next? ================================ 1.A 【句意】该车头窗是由安全玻璃构成的，在打破后不会粉碎的。【解析】词义辨析。A项“shatter(使果物）突然而剧烈地裂成碎片，粉碎”；B项“shudder(因寒冷、恐惧等）发枓、战栗；剧烈地摇晃”；C项“crush压（或挤）坏，压；捣（或碾）碎某物”；D项“crumple(使）起皱”。2.C 【句意】这位机修工用千斤顶顶起汽车，然后换轮胎。
【解析】词义辨析。A项“advance前进；进步；向前移动或推进；推进某人、计划等”；B项“go去”；C项“proceed开始，继续进行，发生”；D项“move移动，搬动”。【翻译参考答案】 1.英译汉参考译文
大约在三百五十年前，伽利略制造了台望远镜，并用它来观察太阳。他所看到的景象使他感到既吃惊又害怕，因为他看到太阳上有一些黑点，这使他立刻联想到上帝创造的世界并不象他以前所相信的那么完美。2.汉译英参考答案
What he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression.================================ 1.______ in their island community, the various tribes used languages which became more and more similar to each other's.A)Managed B)Shrunk C)Assumed D)Isolated 2.If full credits were given to this part it could ____ a high grade for the student in his physical course.A)belong to B)be due to C)be subject to D)contribute to 【翻译练习】 1.英译汉
After the concert Mom and Dad came backstage.The way they walked － heads high, faces flushed － I knew they were pleased.My mother gave me a big hug.Dad slipped an arm around me and held me close.”You were just great,“ he said.Then he shook my hand and was slow to let it go.2.汉译英
酒后驾车会导致灾难性的交通事故。【参考答案】 1.D 【句意】孤零零地待在这个岛国，岛上不同的部落成员使用的语言越来越相似。
【解析】动词辨析题。四个选项意思分别是：manage “营，管理；控制；办理；设法对付”，词组manage without “在没有„„下应付过去”；shrink “收缩，退缩”，词组shrink back “退缩，害怕”；assume“假设，臆断，猜想；假装；承担，担任”，词组assume responsibility“承担责任”；isolate “使隔离，使孤立，使脱离”。首先排除选项A和C，和题意完全不符，shrink一般指衣服的收缩。isolate则是指地理位置的孤立，所以选项D符合题意。2.D 【句意】如果学生在这部分得到满分的话，那么他物理课程的学分就会很高。
【解析】动词词组辨析题。四个选项意思分别是：belong to “属于；是(某团体、国家等)的成员”；be due to“由于；应归于”；be subject to “受支配，从属于，常遭受„„”；contribute to “有助于；贡献”。根据句子的意思判断，只有选项D符合题意。【翻译参考答案】 1.英译汉参考译文
音乐会后，爸妈来到后台。他们走路的样子，昂着头，精神焕发--我知道他们很开心。妈妈紧紧地抱住我。爸爸伸出一只手臂，牢牢地搂住我：“你太棒了。”说完，他使劲地握着我的手，不愿松开。2.汉译英参考答案
Drunken driving will result in disastrous traffic accidents.================================= 1.It is our firm ______ that a step forward has been taken and will bring the country back to economic prosperity.A)conviction B)empowerment C)imperative D)proposition 2.Due to sluggish market conditions, the factory's workforce has ______ from over 4 000 to a few hundred.A)proclaimed B)dwindled C)repressed D)indulged 【翻译练习】 1.英译汉
At the theater nervousness overtook me as I realized how much I wanted to make my parents proud.Finally, it was my turn.I walked to the lone chair on stage and performed ”Are You Lonesome Tonight?“ without a mistake.The applause spilled out, with a few hands still clapping after others had stopped.I was lightheaded, glad my ordeal was over.2.汉译英
真爱之路永不平坦。(莎士比亚 Shakespeare)【参考答案】 1.A 【句意】我们坚信：我们已经向前迈出了一大步，而且我们国家会重新走上经济繁荣的道路。【解析】名词辨析题。四个选项的意思分别是：conviction“坚信，深信；定罪”；empowerment “权力”，词组be empowered to do “授权做某事”；imperative “紧急的事；祈使”；proposition“主张，建议”，其动词是propose，词组propose at toast to sb.指“为某人干杯”。选项C首先排除，这里应该填入名词，而不是形容词，这件事不是我们的权力，所以empowerment也不对，conviction和proposition意思都可以，但是，conviction 更加强调程度，所以选项A是正确答案。2.B
【句意】受不景气的市场环境影响，工厂的劳动力从4000多人锐减到几百人.【解析】动词辨析题。四个选项的意思分别是：proclaim “宣布，声明”；dwindle “锐减”；repress “压抑(感情)；镇压”；indulge“使(自己)沉迷于；放纵，娇纵”，词组indulge in sth.“沉湎于某物”。表示程度下降的只有dwindle，所以选项B正确。【翻译参考答案】 1.英译汉参考译文
在剧场里，当我意识到我是多么想让父母感到骄傲时，我极为紧张。最后，终于轮到我了。我走向舞台中央的那张椅子，演奏了一曲“今晚你孤独吗？”，一个音符也没拉错。顿时，掌声四起，难以停息。我 头有点晕晕的，庆幸我的苦难终于结束。2.汉译英参考答案
The course of true love never did run smooth.=================================1.Last year our school football team won four ______ games.A)obsessive B)concessive C)successive D)excessive 2.I can't possibly mark your homework;your handwriting is ______.A)illogical B)illiterate C)illusive D)illegible 【翻译练习】 1.英译汉
The evening of the concert Mom wore glittery earrings and more makeup than I could remember.Dad got out of work early, put on a suit and tie, and slicked down his hair with Vitalis.They were ready an hour early, so we sat in the living room chatting nervously.I got the unspoken message that playing this one song was a dream come true for them.2.汉译英
他没有辜负教练的期望。【参考答案】 1.C 【句意】去年，我们校足球队连胜4场。
【解析】 形容词辨析题，四个选项的意思分别是：obsessive “着迷的”；concessive“让步的，许可的”;successive “连续的”；excessive “过量的”。根据句子的意思判断，只有选项C符合题意。2.D 【句意】我无法给你的作业评分，你的字迹都很难辨认。
【解析】形容词辨析。四个选项分别是：illogical “不合逻辑的”；illiterate“不识字的，文盲”illusive “虚假的”；illegible “难以辨认的”。根据句子的意思，只有选项D符合。【翻译参考答案】 1.英译汉参考译文
音乐会那天晚上，妈妈戴上亮晶晶的耳环，脸上没见她这么打扮过。爸爸早早就下了班，扎上领带，一身套装，头发用发油梳得溜光。他们提前一小时就准备好了，我们便坐在客厅里紧张地聊天。此时我感到，演奏这么一首歌是实现他俩的一个梦想。2.汉译英参考答案
He lived up to the expectations of his coach.================================ 1.Arithmetic is the one fundamental science, ______ all other physical sciences.A)undermining B)undertaking C)underscoring D)underlying 2.In the professions where women ______ numerically, it would be reasonable to expect them to hold senior positions.A)tolerate B)integrate C)predominate D)accumulate 【翻译练习】 1.英译汉
I was speechless.I had rarely heard Dad speak with such feeling about anything, much less the accordion.From then on, I practiced without my parents’ making me.2.汉译英
没带任何解释，他的申请就被拒绝了。【参考答案】 1.D 【句意】算术是最基本的一门科学，它是其他所有自然科学的基础。
【解析】形近词辨析题。四个选项的意思分别是：undermine“破坏，毁坏”；undertake “从事„„工作”；underscore“强调”；underlie “是„„的原因；成为„„的基础”。根据句子的意思判断，只有选项D 符合题意。2.C 【句意】对于那些妇女在数量上占优势的职位，妇女担当一些重要职位也是合情合理的。【解析】形容词辨析。四个选项的意思分别是：tolerate “容忍”；integrate “使融入”；predominate“数量上占优势”；accumulate “增加”。根据句子的意思判断，只有选项C符合题意。句子中有numerically所以predominate为最佳选项。1.英译汉参考译文
我不吱声了。我很少听到爸爸如此语重心长地跟我谈事情，更不用说是为了拉手风琴的事。从那以后，我练琴再也不用父母盯着。2.汉译英参考答案
His application was denied without any explanation.================================= 1.She always fancied about going abroad, but when she arrived in Germany she found it hard to ______ herself to the new working conditions.A.cater B.suit
C.alternate D.Accommodate 2.She was afraid ______the dog in case it became dangerous.A.of exciting B.to excite C.that she excited D.to be exciting 【翻译练习】 1.英译汉
Such humiliation paled, though, beside the impending fall recital.I would have to play a solo on a local movie theater's stage.I wanted to skip the whole thing.Emotions boiled over in the car one Sunday afternoon.”I don't want to play a solo.“ I said.”You have to,“ replied my father.2.汉译英
宗教信仰自由受法律保护。【参考答案】 1.D 【句意】她总是幻想出国，但是当她到了德国之后发现她很难适应这里新的工作环境。【解析】动词辨析。A.cater “v.投合，迎合；满足需要；提供饮食及服务”；B.suit “v.适合；使适应”；C.alternate “v使交替；使轮流”；D.accommodate “v.容纳；使适应，改变......以适应；调整以适应„„”。2.B 【句意】她不敢让这条狗兴奋，以免它变得危险。
【解析】短语搭配。be afraid 后面接不定式：be afraid to do sth.表示“害怕／不敢做某事”，接动名词: be afraid of doing sth.表示“一向害怕做某事，表示习惯”。根据后文的in case“以防”可知，是之后出现的事—it became dangerous，让她不敢去“excite the dog”，因此，B项更符合语境。【翻译参考答案】 1.英译汉参考译文
不过，这种羞辱与即将来临的秋季演奏会相比，算不得什么。我得在当地一家影剧院舞台上独奏一曲。我想逃避这一切。一个星期天的下午，不满的情绪终于在车上爆发了。“我不想独奏，”我说。“你必须去，”父亲说。2.汉译英参考答案
The freedom of religious belief is protected by law.================================ 1.There are serious problems of land _____in some arid regions of Northwest China.A.degradation B.fertilization C.enhancement D.dilemmas 2.After the sudden death of his mother, his aunt served as a _____mother until he was 18 years old.A.adopted B.effective C.surrogate D.interim 【翻译练习】 1.英译汉
Throughout the summer, Mr.Zelli's lessons grew more difficult.It took me a week and a half to master them now.All the while I could hear my buddies outside playing heated games of stickball.I'd also hear an occasional taunt;”Hey, where's your monkey and cup?“ 2.汉译英
世界上没有两片叶子是相同的。【参考答案】 1.A 【句意】在中国西北的一些干旱地区土壤退化问题很严重。【解析】名词辨析。A.degradation “n.退化；降格，降级”；堕落；B.fertilization “n.施肥；肥沃”；C.enhancement “n.增加；放大”；D.dilemmas “n.困境；进退两难；两刀论法”。2.C 【句意】在他母亲死后，他的姑妈在他十八岁之前暂时作为他的母亲。【解析】形容词辨析。A.adopted “adj.被收养的；被采用的，有收养关系的”；B.effective “adj.有效的，起作用的；实际的，实在的；给人深刻印象”；C.surrogate “adj.代理的，代替的n.替代，代理”；D.interim “adj.办临时的，暂时的；中间的；间歇的”。1.英译汉参考译文
整个夏天，泽利先生的课越来越难。现在要一个半星期才能掌握。练琴时，我总是听到伙伴们在外面玩棍球的嬉闹声。偶尔还听到奚落：“嗨，你的猴子和奖杯哪里去了。2.汉英语参考答案
No two leaves are identical in the world.================================ 1.It was a long time before scientists could______ the mystery of the atom.A.penetrate B.pierce C.permeate D.pervade 2.The results of the several rounds of polls indicate that those who haven't vote yet are______ towards abolishing the entrance examination.A.sliding B.backing up C.standing by D.tilting 【翻译练习】 1.英译汉
One July evening I was giving an almost flawless rendition of ”Come Back to Sorrento,“ and my parents called me to an open window.An elderly neighbor, rarely seen outside her house, was leaning against our car humming dreamily to the tune.When I finished, she smiled broadly and called out, ”I remember that song as a child in Italy.Beautiful, just beautiful.“ 2.汉译英
他读了很多书，古今中外都有。【参考答案】 1.A 【句意】科学家用了很长时间才发现了原子的秘密。【解析】动词辨析。A.penetrate“vi.渗透；了解；洞察；领悟vt.渗透；穿透；洞察”；B.pierce“vt.刺穿；洞察；响彻；深深地打动vi.进入；透入”；C.permeate “vt.（思想、感情、态度）感染，传播；弥漫；扩散”；D.pervade“vt.遍及；弥漫”。根据句意，A项“penetrate了解”符合句意。2.D 【句意】几轮投票的结果显示那些人还没有投票的人倾向于废除入学考试。【解析】动词（短语）辨析。用现在分词表示现在进行时态。A.slide “v.滑动 使滑行”；B.back up“支持，援助；（资料）备份；倒退；裱”；C.stand by“支持；袖手旁观；准备；站在旁边”；D.tilt“vi.倾斜；翘起；以言词或文字抨击”，固定搭配“tilt toward倾向；使偏向”。因此，D项符合句意和搭配。【翻译参考答案】 1.英译汉参考译文
七月的一个傍晚，我正在拉“重回索联托”，拉得几乎完美无缺。父母突然把我叫到窗前。一位极少出门、上了年纪的老邻居，正靠在我们的车旁，跟着曲子沉醉地哼唱着。当我拉完时，她咧开嘴笑了，大声说：“小时候在意大利我听到过这首歌曲，我还记得。太棒了，真是棒极了。
2.汉译英参考答案
He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign.================================ 1.It is said that the custom of shaking hands originated when primitive men held out empty hands to indicate that they had no ______ weapons and were thus amicably disposed.A.lethal B.concealed C.murderous D.secret 2.Some teenager harbor a generalized resentment against society, which ______ them the right and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature.A.deprives B.restricts C.rejects D.denies 【翻译练习】 1.英译汉
”Very nice, better than last week,“ he'd say.Then I would follow into a medley of his favorites, ”Red River Valley“ and ”Home on the Range," and he would drift off to sleep, the newspaper folded on his lap.I took it as a compliment that he could relax under the spell of my playing.2.汉译英
从这个意义上说儿童和大人享有同样的权利。【参考答案】 1.B 【句意】据说握手的习俗起源于原始人类伸出空手来表明他们没有隐藏的武器，以示友好。【解析】形容词词义辨析。lethal“致命的，致死的”；concealed“隐蔽的，隐匿的”；murderous“杀人的，残忍的，凶残的，蓄意谋杀的”；secret“秘密的，机密的”。由关键词held out empty hands“伸出空手”知“隐藏的”符合题意，故B项正确。2.D 【句意】一些十几岁的孩子们往往对社会有普遍的逆反心理，虽然他们发育成熟，但社会拒绝给予他们同成年人一样的权利和优惠。【解析】动词词义辨析。deprive“使丧失，剥夺”，deprive sb.of sth.“剥夺某人某物”；restrict“限制，约束，限定”，没有restrict sb.sth.的搭配；reject“拒绝，排斥，抵制，丢弃”，没有reject sb.sth.的搭配；deny“否定，拒绝给予，拒绝„„的要求”，deny sb.sth.“拒绝给某人某物”。由关键词teenager、resentment、right and privileges of adults及词组的搭配知“拒绝”符合题意，故D项正确。【翻译参考答案】 1.英译汉参考译文 他会说，“不错，比上星期好，”然后我会接着拉他喜欢的曲子“红河谷”和“山上的家”。听着听着，他慢慢睡着了，报纸叠在腿上。我把这看作是一种赞扬：他能在我美妙的演奏中放松。
2.汉译英参考答案
In this sense, children and adults have equal rights.================================ 1.One of the important properties of a scientific theory is its abilities to ______ further research and further thinking about a particular topic.A.invent B.stimulate C.renovate D.advocate 2.It is doubtful whether anyone can be a truly ______ observer of events.A.inadequate B.impassive C.genius D.impartial 【翻译练习】 1.英译汉
Only music carried Dad away from his world of tools and projects.On a Sunday drive, he turned the radio on immediately.At red lights, I'd notice his foot tapping in time.He seemed to hang on every note.2.汉译英
她的眼睛由于兴奋而闪闪发光。【参考答案】 1.B 【句意】科学理论的一个重要特征是能够激发进一步的研究以及在某一专门领域的更深层次的思考。
【解析】动词辨析。invent“发明，创造，虚构”；stimulate“刺激，鼓舞，激励”；renovate“更新，修复，刷新”；advocate“提倡，主张，拥护”。根据题干后置定语中的关键词further research“进一步的研究”和further thinking“更深层次的思考”可知答案选项为B。2.D 【句意】是否任何一个人都能够成为一个真正公正的事件观察者还有待确定。【解析】词义辨析——形容词和名词辨析。inadequate“不充分的，不恰当的”；impassive“冷漠的，无感觉的”；genius“天才，天赋，精神”；impartial“公平的，公正的”。根据题干关键词doubtful“不能确定的”和truly“真正地”可知答案选项为D。【翻译参考答案】 1.英译汉参考译文
只有音乐会让爸爸远离他的工具和计划的世界。一个星期天驾车外出，一上车他就打开了收音机。遇到红灯时，我注意到他的脚在打着拍子，似乎能跟得上每一个节拍。2.汉译英参考答案
Her eyes sparkled with excitement.================================= 1.Many artists believe that successful imitation far from being symptomatic of a lack of originality, is the step in learning to be ______.A.elegant B.confident C.creative D.imaginary 2.No one could come up with an easy solution to the government’s predicament----labor______ which is caused by the world financial crisis.A.decline B.vacancy C.rarity D.shortage 【翻译练习】 1.英译汉
Dad was a supervisor in a company that serviced jet engines.Weekends, he tinkered in the cellar, turning scraps of plywood into a utility cabinet or fixing a broken toy with spare parts.Quiet and shy, he was never more comfortable than when at his workbench.2.汉译英
邓铁涛是中医界的泰斗。【参考答案】 1.C
【句意】很多艺术家认为，成功的模仿是学习创新的第一步，而远不是缺乏创意的表现。【解析】形容词词义辨析。elegant“高雅的，讲究的，简洁的”；confident“自信的，确信的”；creative“创造性的”；imaginary“虚构的，想像的”。由关键词successful imitation、originality“独创性”及learning to be知应填跟originality意思相近的形容词，故C项正确。2.D
【句意】没人能想出一种简单的方法去解决政府的困境——即世界金融危机导致劳动力短缺。
【解析】名词义辨析。decline“下降，衰退”；vacancy“空缺，空白”；rarity“罕见，珍贵”；shortage“缺乏，缺少，不足”。由关键词world financial crisis“世界金融危机”可知D项正确。
【翻译参考答案】 1.英译汉参考译文
爸爸是一家为喷气式飞机引擎提供服务的公司的主管。周末，他在地下室里修修补补，把胶合板的边角料做成一个实用的小柜子，或者用一些零件把坏了的玩具修好。他不喜张扬，不爱说话。最让他感到舒服的，莫过于在工作台旁边。2.汉译英参考答案
Deng Tietao is a leading authority in the community of TCM.================================= 1.In the past ten years skyscrapers have developed ________ in Chicago and New York City.A)homogeneously B)simultaneously C)spontaneously D)harmoniously 2.The court considers a financial________ to be an appropriate way of punishing him.A)option
B)duty
C)obligation D)penalty 【翻译练习】
1.We’ll be all right _______________（只要我们能到达下一个加油站）.2..英译汉
We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances(drugs)is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.【参考答案】 1.B [译文]在过去的十年里，摩天大楼在芝加哥和纽约城同时获得了发展。[精析] 四个选项的单词含义分别为：同类地；同时地；自发地；和谐地。2.D [译文] 法官认为罚款是处罚他的合适选择。
[精析] 四个选项的单词含义分别为：选项；责任；义务；处罚。【翻译参考答案】
1.if only we can get to the next petrol-station 解析：本题“只要”不能用as long as，as long as保留时间方面的含义，它引导的条件句中的谓语动词通常是延续动词或系动词，如：I’ll let you use the room as long as you keep it clean.（只要你能保持房间清洁，我就让你用这个房间。）如果条件句中的谓语动词表示短暂性的动作，最好用if only。本句中“到达”就是一个瞬间动词，因此不选用as long as。2【参考译文】
我们生活在一个物质(药物)在医疗和社交方面的使用都很广泛的社会里：阿斯匹林缓解头痛，葡萄酒有助于社交，早晨用来提神的咖啡，香烟用来放松神经。
=============================== 1.We work to make money, but it is a _______that people who work hard and long often do not make the most money.A)dilemma B)conflict C)prejudice D)paradox 2.Very few people could understand the lecture the professor delivered because its subject was very _______.A)intriguing B)indefinite
C)obscure D)dubious 【翻译练习】
1.In this night，if we can make good use of time，_______（当然毫无疑问地我们会成功）.2.英译汉
In Australia-where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.【参考答案】
1.D 【句意】我们工作为了挣钱，但是矛盾的是，工作努力并且时间长的人通常并非是挣钱最多的。
【解析】名词辨析。A.dilemma“n.困境；进退两难；两刀论法”；B.conflict “n.冲突，矛盾；斗争；争执”；C.prejudice “n.偏见；侵害”；D.paradox “n.悖论，反论；似非而是的论点；自相矛盾的人或事”。
2.C 【句意】因为教授演讲的主题非常晦涩，很少人能理解。【解析】形容词辨析。A.intriguing “adj.有趣的，迷人的”；B.indefinite “adj.不确定的；无限的；模糊的”；C.obscure“adj.昏暗的，朦胧的；晦涩的，不清楚的；隐蔽的；不著名的，无名的”；D.dubious“adj.可疑的；暧昧的；无把握的；半信半疑的”。【翻译参考译文】
1.there can surely be no doubt that we will succeed 解析：in this light是一个惯用表达，意思是“这样说来”；make good use of指“善用时间”。如there can be no doubt that we would succeed，就只将“毫无疑问”译了出来，却没能体现“当然”。那么在there can结构中“当然”应该放在什么位置呢？通常surely/ certainly都放在情态动词之后，系动词之前。注意：“成功”也可以说get somewhere；反之，不成功、一事无成、毫无进展就用get nowhere。如：The new policy will get the company nowhere.（新的政策将使公司前途晦暗。）2.【参考译文】
在那人口老龄化,长寿技术和社会态度变化等同时产生着影响的澳大利亚,其他一些州也要制定类似涉及安乐死的相应法律.================================= 1.I intend to move that our committee ______ Jim as chairman, and I hope that you will second my motion.[A] will appoint [B] appoints [C] appoint [D] appointed 2.Our country had made great efforts to promote the family-planning policy, but ______ the birth rate is getting higher and higher.[A] as it were [B] as it is
[C] as it was [D] as is it 【翻译练习】
1.The government should enforce laws strictly.On the other hand，the public also should ________________（培养减少污染的好习惯）.2.英译汉
There are, of course, exceptions.Small--minded officials, rude waiters, and ill mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US.Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.【参考答案】
1.C 【句意】我打算向委员会提议，任命吉姆为主席，而且我希望你能附议我的动议。【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。Move提议，建议，后接should+动词原形，should可以省略。2.B 【句意】我们国家已经大力推进计划生育政策，但实际上，出生率越来越高。【解析】as it is“照现状看，看样子，实际上”；as it was为as it is的过去式；as it were“似乎，可以说是”，往往含有“不符合实际或比喻”的意思。【翻译参考答案】
1.develop the good habit of reducing pollution 解析：本题考查词义辨析。“培养”的英文对应词是cultivate，但cultivate是指通过犁地等来耕作土地或指对人的养育、培育，如：to cultivate a love of art（培养对艺术的爱好）；to cultivate a new generation（培育新一代）。句中的意思是说，政府应严格执法，另一方面，大众也应该养成减少污染的好习惯。“习惯”是要大众自己养成的，而不是说大众要培养什么其他人，所以应用develop这个词，表示逐渐形成，使行为朝着某一特定目标发展。2.【参考译文】
当然也有例外。在美国，心胸狭隘的官员，举止粗鲁的招待和毫无礼貌的出租车司机也并非罕见。尽管有不如意的地方，但因为人们常常得出美国人好客的观察意见，因而也就值得议论一番了。
================================= 1.Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this_____, produces artificial cold surrounding it.A.consumption B.absorption C.transition D.interaction 2.Furniture has become cheaper, but simultaneously there has been a_____in quality.A.decline B.diversion C.taboo D.Tendency 【翻译练习】
1._______________（他们来帮忙）encouraged me.2.英译汉
After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.【参考答案】
1.B 【句意】由固体变为液体，水吸收周围所有物质的热量，这一吸收过程使得周围温度下降。
【解析】名词辨析。A.consumption“n.消费；消耗；肺痨”；B.absorption“n.吸收；全神贯注，专心致志”；C.transition“n.过渡；转变；[分子生物] 转换；变调”；D.interaction “n.相互作用；[数] 交互作用”。
2.A【句意】家具的价格变便宜了，同时质量也下降了。【解析】名词辨析。A.decline“n.下降；衰退；斜面”；B.diversion“n.转移；消遣；分散注意力”；C.taboo“n.禁忌；禁止”；D.tendency“n.倾向，趋势；癖好”。【翻译参考答案】 1.Their coming to help 解析：原中文句是一个完整的“主、谓、宾”结构，但这种汉语语法结构按照字面直接译成英语They came to help的话，就不符合英语语法规范，因为后半句已经出现了谓语动词encouraged，所以这里我们要采用词性转译法，把“他们来帮忙”处理成动名词作主语的形式。其实，还有一种方法是把“他们来帮忙”处理成that引导的主语从句That they came to help，在句子作主语。2.【参考译文】
经过了六个月的争论以及最后16个小时激烈的议会辩论，澳大利亚北部地区当局成为了世界上第一个允许医生给希望死去的绝症病人实施安乐死的立法当局。
================================ 1.Years after the accident he was still_____by images of death and destruction.A.twisted B.haunted C.dipped D.submerged 2.It is a generous and receptive intelligence that was ______ from attaining its full scope by bad training, poor school and lack of opportunity.A.foiled B.thwarted C.balked
D.Inhabited 【翻译练习】
1.I was sorry ________________（没看上这部电影）.2.英译汉
Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage.But the tide is unlikely to turn back.1.B【句意】事故发生后好多年死亡和毁灭的景象仍然萦绕于他的脑海中。【解析】词义辨析。A项“twist缠绕，盘绕；扭曲，挤压；转动，旋转”；B项“haunt(指鬼魂）常出没于（某处)；经常浮现于（某人）脑际”；C项“dip浸，泡，蘸”；D项“submerge(使）进入，液面、海面之下，淹没；完全覆盖”。
2.C【句意】糟糕的训练、较差的学校以及机会的缺失妨碍了一个宽宏大量并乐于接受的大脑完全被开发。
【解析】词义辨析。A项“foil阻止（某人）执行计划；阻挠，挫败”；B项“thwart 阻挠（某人）成事；阻止（计划等）实现”；C项“balk故意妨碍或阻止（某事物）”；D项“inhabit居住于，栖居于；占据”。【翻译参考答案】
1.to have missed this film 解析：本题考查了反译法和不定式完成时的用法。“没看上这部电影，所以我才感到遗憾”，因此动作发生在谓语动词之前，所以要用完成时态。如果用正译法将句子需填入部分译成not to have seen this film就不符合英语表达习惯，没有答案的效果好。2.【参考译文】
一些机构终于松了一口气，但是其他一些机构，包括教堂，倡导生命之权的团体和澳大利亚医学协会，尖锐地抨击这个法案，指责法案的通过过于匆忙。但是大势已定，不可逆转。================================= 1.The lawyer thought that piece of evidence was ______ early in the investigation but it turned out to be vital in convicting the man of theft.A.insignificant B.unchangeable C.unsuitable D.inevitable 2.We are going to ______ what were learned so far by some revision exercise today.A.consolidate B.reinforce C.affirm D.conform 【翻译练习】
1._______________（完成作业后），they went to the library.2.英译汉
With economic growth has come centralization: fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, tow-generation households.【参考答案】
1.A【句意】律师在调查初期认为那个证据是无关紧要的，但它最后却在定这个男子盗窃罪上成为至关重要的证据。
【解析】形容词词义辨析。insignificant“无关紧要，不重要的，无意义的”；unchangeable“不变的，不能改变的”；unsuitable“不适合的，不适宜的，不相称的”；inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”。由关键词but的转折关系及vital“至关重要的”的对比知应填跟vital意思相反的词，故A项正确。
2.A【句意】我们今天将通过做一些复习练习来巩固目前学习的内容。【解析】动词词义辨析。consolidate“巩固，使固定，联合”；reinforce“加强，加固，强化，补充”；affirm“肯定，断言”；conform“使遵守，使一致，使顺从”。由关键词“what were learned”及“exercise”可推知这里指“巩固学习内容”，故A项正确。【翻译参考答案】
1.Having finished their homework 解析：我们知道，现在分词在句中可以表示原因、时间、条件、结果等。本题考查了现在分词短语作时间状语的用法。由后半句可知，“完成作业”发生在“他们去图书馆”之前，因此，现在分词短语需要用完成时态。如果分词动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，就用一般式，如：Seeing the picture，he couldn’t help thinking of her.（一看到照片，他就禁不住想起她。）2.【参考译文】
随着经济的增长，出现了集中化：全国1．19亿公民，其中整整76％的人口定居城市：在这里，原来的社区和多代同堂的大家庭已被摒弃，取而代之的是与外界疏于往来的、只由两代人组成的核心家庭。
第五篇：老年选择填空练习题
3．世界上老龄化程度最高的国家是(B)B．瑞典
4．一般认为人类最高寿命相对于性成熟期的倍数为(E)E．8～10倍
6．我国人口老龄化进程中的高峰阶段是指(E)E．2025年-2050年
7．老年人皮肤皱纹发生原因，以下叙述错的是(E)E．结缔组织老化
8．老年人头发变白、脱发的原因是(A)
A．体内黑色素合成障碍
9．关于老年人头发及皮肤的改变，叙述错误的是(B)B皮肤皱纹首先出现在外眼角两旁，其次是前额
4.老年人的营养需求中，碳水化合物供给能量应占总热能的(C)55%？65%
5.老年人的营养需求中，优质蛋白应占摄取蛋白质总量的(E)50％以上
6.下列哪种药物在老年人体内的代谢减少(C)普萘洛尔
7.有关老年药效学改变的特点，错误的是(B)对大多数药物的作用减弱
8.老年人使用下列哪种药物不易引起体位性低血压(E)氨基糖苷类抗生素
9.中国药典规定老年人用药量为成人量的(A)3/4
10.有关提高患者服药依从性的行为治疗措施，错误的是(E)弱化行为
11.老年期呼吸道的退行性变化不包括(D)胸腔前后径增大
12.老年人窦房结内的起搏细胞数目减少到年轻时的(D)80%
13.老年人胃腺体萎缩，胃酸分泌减少，60岁下降到正常水平的(D)40%~50%
14.老年人发生脑萎缩引起的变化不包括(D)脑回增宽
16老年良性记忆减退与阿尔茨海默病最主要的区别是后者为(D)疾病进行性发展 17.关于老年期抑郁症的描述，下列哪项不正确(D)一般有人格缺损
18.我国老年人死亡的主要原因依次是（C）恶性肿瘤、心血管病、脑血管病、呼吸系统疾病
19.老年人骨质疏松症出现较早的症状是(E)骨痛和肌无力
20.美国学者研究表明，有多少老人直到死亡前一直是很清醒的(E)49%
21.实施临终关怀的先决条件是(D)死亡教育需求增多 养老功能弱化 家庭小型化
22.世界卫生组织关于年龄的划分，下列哪项不对(A)35岁以下为青年人 45—59岁为中年人 60—74岁为年轻老人 75—89岁为老老年人 90岁以上为长寿老年人
23、我国老年人前四位常见病依次是
A、.高血压病、冠心病、脑血管病、恶性肿瘤
24、我国何时开始进入老龄化社会: D、1999年底
25、世界卫生组织关于年龄的划分,不正确的是
A、.35岁以下为青年期
26、世界上最早出现人口老龄化的国家是: E、法国
28、健康期望寿命约占平均期望寿命
B、80％-90％
29、某发展中国家，人口总数为69458万人，老年人口为4220万人，该国属于 B、青年型国家
31、衰老的特点提法确切的是
B、全身性的、多方面的、渐进性的变化
32、衰老变化的基础是
A、.细胞数量减少
33、关于老年斑的叙述，错误的是
D、形成与不饱和脂肪酸被自由基氧化成脂褐素有关
34、衰老的检测以什么形式进行: B、生物学年龄
35、＿＿＿帮助护理人员正确理解老年人出现多疑、孤独、忧郁、失去自我控制能力等心理特征
B、神经内分泌理论
36、在老化的社会学理论中，忽视老年人之间的个体差异以及年轻老年人和高龄老年人差别的理论是
A、.活跃理论
37、下列哪种理论强调老年人应该用一定的时间和精力来回顾和总结自己的一生，进行自我整合A、.人格发展理论
38、老年人餐后2小时血糖应控制在（C）以下
C.12.2mmol/L
39、老年人空腹血糖应控制在＿＿以下标准答案: C
A、.7mmol/L B、8mmol/L C、9mmol/L D、10mmol/L E、11mmol/L
40、老年骨质疏松症临床表现描述下列哪项不妥标准答案:
A、.本病早期多无明显表现
41、可作为糖尿病老人首发症状的并发症为标准答案: A、.感染
42、早期诊断骨质疏松症依靠
标准答案:
C、骨密度测定
43、老年骨关节炎临床表现描述中哪项不妥
B、主要症状是关节疼痛
44、老年糖尿病的特点不包括
C、多为l型糖尿病
45、慢性胃炎最主要的病因是
A、.幽门螺杆菌感染
46、为大，小便失禁的老年人进行护理时，措施不正确的是
E、全天都应多饮水，促进排尿反射，预防泌尿系感染
48、引起便秘的不正确因素是
A、.饮食中有充足的膳食纤维
49、对早期胃癌最具诊断价值的检查是
D、胃镜及活检 50、大肠癌最突出的临床表现是
A、.血便
52、下列那种疾病与老年胃食管返流病的发生无关: B、萎缩性胃炎
53、下列哪项不符合老年社区获得性肺炎的表现E、中性粒细胞可以升高、正常或减低
54、导致COPD患者死亡的常见原因是C、急性呼吸衰竭
55、已知引起COPD的最重要的原因是
B、吸烟
56、肺癌中最常见的类型是
A、鳞癌
57、为老年患者痰液粘稠不易咳出者提供的护理措施，错误的是D、胸部叩击可在餐后进行
58、关于老年人呼吸系统的生理变化，不正确的是
B、由于通气与换气功能均减退，故血氧分压和血二氧化碳分压均减退
59、老年期呼吸道的退行性变化不包括
A、吞咽功能失调，易发生误咽
60、造成老年人极易发生误吸、误咽的原因是: C、喉头反射、咳嗽反射减弱，上呼吸道 的防御和保护功能降低
62、下列属于老年人慢性阻塞性肺疾病的并发症的是: C、心肌梗死 63、闭塞性动脉硬化的基本病因是: A、动脉硬化 64、脑出血最常见的病因是:
A、高血压脑动脉硬化
65、对于老年患者，预防心衰的诱因，最重要的是B、预防和控制感染，尤其是呼吸道感染
66、下列关于高血压非药物治疗的叙述正确的是C、适用于所有高血压患者 67、心室颤动首选的治疗措施是: C、非同步电复律
69、老年抑郁症病人最严重而危险的表现是
A、自杀减轻
70、老年性痴呆患病率80岁时可达到: C、22％
72、老年人对刚感知过的事物有印象，但持续时间较短，这种记忆称为: D、初级记忆 73、进行老年性痴呆的病程特征为B、进行性发展加重
74、老年良性记忆减退与阿尔茨海默病最主要的区别是后者为: D、疾病进行性发展 75、老年人智力特点下列描述错误的是
A、知觉整合能力随增龄而逐渐减退
76、老年女性，70岁，丧偶2年，独居，不爱出门，不愿与人交往，沉默寡言，对外界动向无动于衷，有时偷偷流泪，睡眠质量差，靠催眠药维持。该患者可能的诊断
C、老年期抑郁
77、关于下列几种记忆，老年人保持较好的是
A、初级记忆
79、老年保健费用分担原则主张老年保健费用由C、政府、保险金及个人承担
80、我国真正实现 “老有所医”主要依靠: E、国家、集体、个人合理分担
81、下列那项不是老年病共有的临床特点: D、主要以非感染性疾病为主 82、老年保健任务的完成需要依赖E、完善的医疗保健服务体系
1．站立体位时收缩压下
mmHg以上，可认为有体位性低血压发生的危险。
2．我国最主要的致盲性眼病是。
3．65岁以上住院老人最常见的疾病是。
4．现一般认为，更年期综合征的发生原因主要与
有关。
5．前列腺增生症最早、最常见的症状是。
6．老年性溃疡病最常见的并发症是。
7．老年人的生活环境要从健康、、便利、整洁四个方面进行考虑。
8．日常生活护理中安全护理的主要目标是。
9．老年人养成良好的 是健康保健的重要环节，也是老年人日常生活护理的重要内容。
11．大便失禁的老年人宜进食营养丰富，容易消化、吸收，的食物。
13．老化是一个复杂的过程，包含、、及
方面对机体的相互影响。
14．对老年人进行躯体健康的评估须从
和
两方面进行。
1.病理性老化特点：累积性 普遍性 渐进性 危害性 内生性。
2老年护理目标：增强自我照顾能力 延缓恶化及衰老 提高生活质量 做好临终关怀。原则：满足需求 社会护理 整体护理 个体化护理 早期防护 持之以恒
3，老年健康评估方法：交谈 观察 体格检查 阅读 测试 注意事项：提供适宜的环境 安排充分的时间 选择适当的方法 运用沟通的技巧 获得客观资料
4.老年人心理健康评估包括：情绪 情感 认识能力 压力与应对
5.文化核心要素：价值观 信念和信仰习俗
6.老年保健最初源于英国 老年健康影响最大经济。
8.老年人常见的心理问题有：焦虑、抑郁、孤独、自卑、离退休综合征、空巢综合征
9.维护和增进心理健康的原则有适应原则、整体原则、系统原则、发展原则
12老人有效的休息应满足三个基本条件：充足的睡眠、心理的放松、生理的舒适
14.有效休息三个条件：充足的睡眠 心理的放松 生理的舒适
15.合理用药三个因素
安全 有效 经济
16老年人功能状态评估内容：1.日常生活能力2.功能性日常生活能力3.高级日常生活能力 17老年人社会状况评估内容：1.角色功能2.所处环境3.文化背景4.家庭状况
18老年人健康评估内容：身体.心里健康状况.社会角色
20老年人疼痛发生流行趋势：
1.老年人持续性疼痛的发生率比例高于普通人群2.骨骼肌疼痛的发生率增高3.疼痛程度加重4.功能障碍与生活行为受限等明显增加
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