考编英语真题

第一篇：考编英语真题

PART IIREADING COMPREHENSION(30 MIN)

In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions.Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT A

Still, the image of any city has a half-life of many years.(So does its name, officially changed in 2001 from Calcutta to Kolkata, which is closer to what the word sounds like in Bengali.Conversing in English, I never heard anyone call the city anything but Calcutta.)To Westerners, the conveyance most identified with Kolkata is not its modern subway—a facility whose spacious stations have art on the walls and cricket matches on television monitors—but the hand-pulled rickshaw.Stories and films celebrate a primitive-looking cart with high wooden wheels, pulled by someone who looks close to needing the succor of Mother Teresa.For years the government has been talking about eliminating hand-pulled rickshaws on what it calls humanitarian grounds—principally on the ground that, as the mayor of Kolkata has often said, it is offensive to see “one man sweating and straining to pull another man.” But these days politicians also lament the impact of 6,000 hand-pulled rickshaws on a modern city’s traffic and, particularly, on its image.“Westerners try to associate beggars and these rickshaws with the Calcutta landscape, but this is not what Calcutta stands for,” the chief minister of West Bengal, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, said in a press conference in 2006.“Our city stands for prosperity and development.” The chief minister—the equivalent of a state governor—went on to announce that hand-pulled rickshaws soon would be banned from the streets of Kolkata.Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists.(Actually, I saw almost no tourists in Kolkata, apart from the young backpackers on Sudder Street, in what used to be a red-light district and is now said to be the single place in the city where the services a rickshaw puller offers may include providing female company to a gentleman for the evening.)It’s the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws—not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver.An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home.People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service.Proprietors of cafés or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies.(One morning I saw a rickshaw puller take on a load of live chickens—tied in pairs by the feet so they could be draped over the shafts and the folded back canopy and even the axle.By the time he trotted off, he was carrying about a hundred upside-down chickens.)The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are schoolchildren.Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up;the puller essentially becomes a family retainer.From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains, and its drainage system doesn’t need torrential rain to begin backing up.Residents who favor a touch of hyperbole say that in Kolkata “if a stray cat pees, there’s a flood.” During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours.Entire neighborhoods couldn’t be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullers’ waists.When it’s raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey.A writer in Kolkata told me, “When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws.”

While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure.Among India’s 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years.Bihar, a couple hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from.Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera—a combination garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar.For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees(about $2.50)a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited.A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the ragpickers and the beggars.For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism.Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws.The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata’s Telegraph—Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books—told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road.“I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,” he said, “but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.” Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government’s plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a genuine interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head—a gesture I interpreted to mean, “If you are so naive as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on.” Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pin their hopes on being offered something in its place.As migrant workers, they don’t have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata’s sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything—or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas.“The government was the government of the poor people,” one sardar told me.“Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.”

But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations—or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they’re supplanted by more modern conveyances.Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months.Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976.The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers.It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century.Kolkata, a resident told me, “has difficulty letting go.” One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated.“Which option has been chosen?” I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit.“That hasn’t been decided,” he said.“When will it be decided?”

“That hasn’t been decided,” he said.11.According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following EXCEPT A.taking foreign tourists around the city.B.providing transport to school children.C.carrying store supplies and purchases

D.carrying people over short distances.12.Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar? A.They come from a relatively poor area.B.They are provided with decent accommodation.C.Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.D.They are often caught by policemen in the streets.13.That “For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar”(4 paragraph)means that even so, A.the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.B.the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.C.the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.D.the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.14.We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware people A.hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.B.strongly support the ban on rickshaws.C.call for humanitarian actions fro rickshaw pullers.D.keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.15.Which of the following statements conveys the author’s sense of humor? A.“„not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.”(2 paragraph)B.“„,.which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.”(4 paragraph)C.Kolkata, a resident told me, “ has difficulty letting go.”(7 paragraph).D.“„or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas.”(6 paragraph)16.The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggest A.the uncertainty of the court’s decision.B.the inefficiency of the municipal government.C.the difficulty of finding a good solution.D.the slowness in processing options.TEXT B Depending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years(says National Public Radio)or five years(according to customer-loyalty experts).The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether.Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers(people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines).Poor suckers, mostly.Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy “élite” security lines and priority boarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jetway.At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line.This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting.An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada--get this--“we have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else.”

Almost every line can be breached for a price.In several U.S.cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines.On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay “waiters” or “placeholders” to wait in line for them outside Apple stores.Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people.This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m.to 11:30 a.m.before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business.And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a station 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S.lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line.Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants “to cut in line ahead of millions of people.”

Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S.Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents.But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date.There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating.But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called BoardFirst.com will secure you a coveted “A” boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure.Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.Some cultures are not renowned for lining up.Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: Very Important Persons, who don't wait, and Very Impatient Persons, who do--unhappily.For those of us in the latter group--consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too poor or proper to pay a placeholder--what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: “We wait.We are bored.”

17.What does the following sentence mean? “Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers„Poor suckers, mostly.”(2 paragraph)A.Lines are symbolic of America’s democracy.B.Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.C.Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.D.Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.18.Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line? A.Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.B.Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.C.First-class passenger status at airports.D.Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.19.We can infer from the passage that politicians(including mayors and Congressmen)A.prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.B.advocate the value of waiting in lines.C.believe in and practice waiting in lines.D.exploit waiting in lines for their own good.20.What is the tone of the passage? A.Instructive.B.Humorous.C.Serious.D.Teasing.TEXT C

A bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the café of his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned.Bbylonian, a while palace with ten thousand lights.It towered above the other building like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism;and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny.Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand llights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farming, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress(five feet four in height and in average health)would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen life to the table in the far corner.In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys, and a cold science working in the basement.Such as the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury.Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury.The place was built for him.It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were al there.It seemed with humanity.The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station.The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery.Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, whre an orchestra, led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls, scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings;and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, s sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: “ For one, sir? This way, please,” Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.21.That “behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel” suggests that A.modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.B.there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café..C.the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.D.the café was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.22.The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPT A.“„turned Babylonian”.B.“perhaps a new barbarism’.C.“acres of white napery”.D.“balanced to the last halfpenny”.23.In its context the statement that “ the place was built for him” means that the café was intended to A.please simple people in a simple way.B.exploit gullible people like him.C.satisfy a demand that already existed.D.provide relaxation for tired young men.24.Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true? A.The café appealed to most senses simultaneously.B.The café was both full of people and full of warmth.C.The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside.D.It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.25.The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT that A.the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.B.the orchestra is compared to a magnet.C.Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.D.the interior of the café is compared to warm countries.26.The author’s attitude to the café is A.fundamentally critical.B.slightly admiring.C.quite undecided.D.completely neutral.TEXT D I Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe’s last pristine wilderness.But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders.Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can’t do anything about.But the truth is, once you’re off the beat-en paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they’re all bad, so Iceland’s natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhab-itants.For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited—the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the “Mona Lisa.”

When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter, those who had been dreaming of some-thing like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back.Iceland may at the moment be one of the world’s richest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy.But the proj-ect’s advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country’s century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially had ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh.For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a sod hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegeta-tion and livestock, all spirit—a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one’s sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was.In the outlying regions, it still largely does.Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions—the remote and sparsely populated east—where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom.After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many indi-vidual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies, and small fishermen were virtually wiped out.Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing every-thing they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away.With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance.“Smelter or death.”

The contract with Alcoa would infuse the re-gion with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries.It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world;diversify an economy historically dependent on fish;and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve, perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself.“We have to live,” Halldór Ásgrímsson said in his sad, sonorous voice.Halldór, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the region, was a driving force behind the project.“We have a right to live.”

27.According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something of A.environmental value.B.commercial value.C.potential value for tourism.D.great value for livelihood.28.What is Iceland’s old-aged advocates’ feeling towards the Alcoa project? A.Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project.B.The project would lower life expectancy.C.The project would cause environmental problems.D.The project symbolizes and end to the colonial legacies.29.The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPT A.fewer fishing companies.B.fewer jobs available.C.migration of young people.D.Imposition of fishing quotas.30.The 4 paragraph in the passage A.sums up the main points of the passage.B.starts to discuss an entirely new point.C.elaborates on the last part of the 3 paragraph.D.continues to depict the bleak economic situation.PART III

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE(10 MIN)

There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section.Choose the best answer to each question.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31.Which of the following statements in INCORRECT? A.The British constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215.B.The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts.C.The British constitution includes decisions made by courts of law.D.The British constitution includes one single written constitution.32.The first city ever founded in Canada is A.Quebec.B.Vancouver.C.Toronto.D.Montreal.33.When did the Australian Federation officially come into being? A.1770.B.1788.C.1900.D.1901.34.The Emancipation Proclamation to end the slavery plantation system in the South of the U.S.was issued by A.Abraham Lincoln.B.Thomas Paine.C.George Washington.D.Thomas Jefferson.35.________ is best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems..A.Will Blake

B.W.B.Yeats C.Robert Browning D.William Wordsworth 36.The Financier is written by A.Mark Twain.B.Henry James.C.William Faulkner.D.Theodore Dreiser.37.In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined as A.Allegory.B.Sonnet.C.blank verse.D.rhyme.38.________ refers to the learning and development of a language.A.Language acquisition

B.Language comprehension C.Language production

D.Language instruction 39.The word “ Motel” comes from “motor + hotel”.This is an example of ________ in morphology.A.Backformation B.Conversion C.Blending D.acronym 40.Language is t tool of communication.The symbol “ Highway Closed” on a highway serves A.an expressive function.B.an informative function.C.a performative function.D.a persuasive function.Part IV

Proofreading & Error Correction(15 min)

The passage contains TEN errors.Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error.In each case, only ONE word is involved.You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:

For a wrong word,underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word，mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a unnecessary word,cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/” and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.EXAMPLE

When ∧ art museum wants a new exhibit, it buys things in finished form and hangs them on the wall.When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it.So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say the things their speakers want to say.There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or cultures, but that is another matter.Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice or the engraving of Benares brass.Whereas this is not the fault of their language.The Eskimos can speak about snow with a great deal more precision and subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language(one of those sometimes miscalled 'primitive')is inherently more precise and subtle than English.This example does not come to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'.The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar environments.The English language will be just as rich in terms for similar kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which English was habitually used made such distinction as important.Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos' life.For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth century could not talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination which is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture.But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicles which send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens.How many of us could distinguish between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig, a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence ?

PART VTRANSLATION(60 MIN)

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH

Translate the underlined part of the following text into English.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.朋友关系的存续是以相互尊重为前提的, 容不得半点强求、干涉和控制。朋友之间, 情趣相投、脾气对味则合、则交;反之, 则离、则绝。朋友之间再熟悉, 再亲密, 也不能随便过头，不恭不敬。不然，默契和平衡将被打破, 友好关系将不复存在。每个人都希望拥有自己的私密空间，朋友之间过于随便，就容易侵入这片禁区，从而引起冲突，造成隔阂。待友不敬，或许只是一件小事，却可能已埋下了破坏性的种子。维持朋友亲密关系的最好办法是往来有节，互不干涉。

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May;that it was Easter Sunday, and as yet very early in the morning.I was standing at the door of my own cottage.Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation, but exalted, as was usual, and solemnized by the power of dreams.There were the same mountains, and the same lovely valley at their feet;but the mountains were raised to more than Alpine height, and there was interspace far larger between them of meadows and forest lawns;the hedges were rich with white roses;and no living creature was to be seen except that in the green churchyard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the graves, and particularly round about the grave of a child whom I had once tenderly loved, just as I had really seen them, a little before sunrise in the same summer, when that child died.我想那是五月的一个周日的早晨；那天是复活节，一个大清早上。我站在自家小屋的门口。就在我的面前展现出了那么一番景色，从我那个位置其实能够尽收眼底，可是梦里的感觉往往如此，由于梦幻的力量，这番景象显得超凡出尘，一派肃穆气象。群山形状相同，其山脚下都有着同样可爱的山谷；不过群山挺然参天，高于阿尔卑斯峰，诸山相距空旷，丰草如茵，林地开阔，错落其间；树篱上的白玫瑰娟娟弥望；远近看不见任何生物，唯有苍翠的教堂庭院里，牛群静静地卧躺在那片郁郁葱葱的墓地歇息，好几头围绕着一个小孩的坟墓。我曾对她一腔柔情，那年夏天是在旭日东升的前一刻，那孩子死去了，我如同当年那样望着牛群。

PART VI

WRITING(45 MIN)

Recently newspapers have reported that officials in a little-known mountainous area near Guiyang, Guizhou Province wanted to turn the area into a “central business district” for Guiyang and invited a foreign design company to give it a n entirely new look.The design company came up with a blueprint for unconventional, super-futuristic buildings.Tis triggered off different responses.Some appreciated the bold innovation of the design, but others held that it failed to reflect regional characteristics or local cultural heritage.What is your view on this? Write an essay of about 400 words.You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.In the first part of your writing you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details.In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.—THE END –

参考答案 tones of voice 2 huskiness 3 universal signal;4 thought or uncertainty 5 indifference 6 honesty 7 distance;8 situation;9 mood;10 unconsciously same posture SECTION B INTERVIEW

1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.C

8.D 9.D 10.A PART IIREADING COMPREHENSION

11.A 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.D 16.C 17.C 18.A 19.D 20.B 21.A 22.B 23.B 24.B 25.C 26.A 27.D 28.D 29.A 30.C

31-35 DAAAC

36-40 DAACB

Part IV Proofreading & Error Correction 1 be后插入as;2 their改为its;3 There改为It;4 Whereas改为But 5 further 改为much 6 come改为bring;7 similar改为different;8 will改为would;9 as important去掉as;10 the part去掉the

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Friends tend to become more intimated if they have the same interests and temper, they can get along well and keep contacting;otherwise they will separate and end the relationship.Friends who are more familiar and closer can not be too casual and show no respect.Otherwise the harmony and balance will be broken, and the friendship will also be nonexistent any more.Everyone hopes to have his own private space, and if too casual among friends, it is easy to invade this piece of restricted areas, which will lead to the conflict, resulting in alienation.It may be a small matter to be rude to friends;however, it is likely to plant the devastating seeds.The best way to keep the close relationship between friends is to keep contacts with restraint, and do not bother each other.SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE 我想那是五月的一个周日的早晨；那天是复活节，一个大清早上。我站在自家小屋的门口。就在我的面前展现出了那么一番景色，从我那个位置其实能够尽收眼底，可是梦里的感觉往往如此，由于梦幻的力量，这番景象显得超凡出尘，一派肃穆气象。群山形状相同，其山脚下都有着同样可爱的山谷；不过群山挺然参天，高于阿尔卑斯峰，诸山相距空旷，丰草如茵，林地开阔，错落其间；树篱上的白玫瑰娟娟弥望；远近看不见任何生物，唯有苍翠的教堂庭院里，牛群静静地卧躺在那片郁郁葱葱的墓地歇息，好几头围绕着一个小孩的坟墓。我曾对她一腔柔情，那年夏天是在旭日东升的前一刻，那孩子死去了，我如同当年那样望着牛群。

PART VI WRITING The important role of a city’s local conditions in the urban design Recently there is a hot debate on a report that a foreign design company invited by a little-known mountainous area in Guiyang provided a design without paying too much attention to the city’s unique characteristics.Some people appreciate the bold innovation of the design but others do not like it.In my opinion, any urban design should take the city’s original cultural heritage into account.The designers should suit their design to local conditions and try to take advantage of the local resources.First, a city’s regional characteristics or local cultural heritage are its symbol, its identity.In a mountainous area, too many unconventional, super-futuristic buildings will not be compatible with the city’s landscapes.Without these landscapes, it is just another so called modern city composed of concrete and steel.Take Beijing for example.In the past few years, Beijing has been removing a large number of such alleys traditionally called hutong, in order to make it become a real international city.But without these hutongs can this city still be called Beijing, an ancient capital? The disappearance of hutongs means the disappearance of a period of history, a cordial lifestyle, and even the disappearance of Beijing itself.Then Beijing will lose its uniqueness.Second, it can help a city save a lot of money by suiting the design to local conditions and try to take advantage of the local resources.This is especially important to small cities, like this one in a mountainous area near Guiyang.We all know Guiyang is a developing city, not very rich.Unconventional, super-futuristic buildings mean large need of money input.Then more burdens may be added to this city, which will run counter to the city’s original purpose of developing itself.Instead, if connections between a city’s culture and the various urban sectors, including housing, infrastructure and governance, are well made, the maximum economic benefits will be achieved.Besides, the modernization should be a gradual process.More haste, less speed.Nonetheless, it should not be overlooked that the shortcomings of futuristic-style constructing outweigh its advantages brought.In conclusion, any urban design should take the city’s original cultural heritage into account.The designers should suit their design to local conditions and try to take advantage of the local resources.A scientific city design should be dependent on the city’s regional characteristics, on a case-by-case basis.

第二篇：中国人民大学-考博英语真题

中国人民大学——英语2004年博士研究生入学考试试题

客观题部分

请用铅笔将此部分试题的答案填涂在答题卡上，否则无效！II.Vocabulary(10 points)PartA(5 points)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices

marked iL B, C arm 1).Choose the:one thatbest completes the

sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across

the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET 1.Example: She prefers foreign wine to that produced__ A.previously B.vLrtually

C.primarily D.domestically The sentence should read,;“She prefers foreign wine to that produce domesticany.” Therefore, you should choose D.Sample Answer

[A] [B] [C] [D]

1.International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages__

patriotism.A.obsolete

B.aggressive C.harmonious D.amiable Z One call understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and __ to expressed thoughts.A.dilemmas B.countenances C.concessions D.junctions 3.People innately _____ for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.A.strive

B.ascertain

C.justify D.adhere 4.Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife

for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.A.conservation B.maintenance C.storage

D.reserve 5.According to the latest report, consumer confidence___ a breathtaking 15 points.last month, to its lowest level in 9 years.A.soared

B.mutated

C.plummeted D.fluctuated 6.Melissa is a computer___ that destroyed files in computers and

frustrated thousands of users around the world.A.genius

B.vires

C.disease

D.bacteria 7.The emphasis:on examinations is iby far the.worst form of

competition in schools.A.negligent B.edible

C.fabulous D.disproportionate 8.The boy seemed more _____ to their poverty, after seeing how his

grandparents lived.A.reconciled

B.consolidated C.deteriorated

D.attributed 9.During his two-month stay, in China, Tom never____ a chance to

practice his Chinese.A.passed on B.passed up C.passed by D.passed out 10.When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ____ can be

distributed.A.paradoxes B.legacies

C.platitudes D.analogin Part B(5 points)Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase

underlined.Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C, and

D.Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underiined part.Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square

bracket on ANSWER SHEET I.Example: The secretary is Very competent;she can finish all these letters within one

..;.,ca, ODe bour.A.careful

B.industrious C.clever

D.capable In this sentence, “competent” is closest-;n m e:zting to “capable”.Therefore you should choose D.Sample Answer

[A] [B] [C] [DD] 11.He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional

roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby.A.depict

B.advocate

D;criticize D.analyze 12,.They achieved more than they had eyer dreamed, lending a magic tO their family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival.A.confirm B.achieve C.match

D exaggerate

13.The most urgent thing is to find a dump.for those toxic____ industrial wastes.A.imminent B.recyclable C.smelly D.poisonous i4.British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would nor be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N.sanction.A.allies

B.delegates C.voters

D.juries

15.The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our :children's college and our own retirement security is ,chilling.A.frightening B.promising

C.freezing D.revealing 16.Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British Crown.A.secret plan B.bold attack

C.clever design D.joint effort 17.Evidence, reference, and foomotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different beorefical and political positions.A.trustworthy B.intelligent

C.diligent D.meticulous 18.Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, them are no stories of women being raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region.A.intriguing B.exasperating: C.demonstrative D.unprovoked 19.The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up faces for.nocturnal raids in the forest.A.illegal

B.night-time

C, brutal D.abusive 20.Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a more avid fondness for the limelight, A.mercurial B, gallant

C.ardent D.frugal III.Cloze(10 points)Directions : Read the following passage.Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on Answer Sheet I.Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea, ___ 21 ___ into a hobby and Iately has ____22 ____ into a full-time passion.The two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph.D candidates ___ 23 _ Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, started theirguide in April 1994 as a way to keep 24 of their personal interest on the Intemet.Before long they ___25 ___ that their home,brewed lists were becoming too long and ____ 26____ Gradually they began to spend more andmore time on Yahoo.During 1994, they ____ 27____ yahoo into a customized database designed to____28_____ the needs of the thousands of users____29____ began to use the service through the closely ___ 30____ Intemet community.They developed customized software to help them___ 31 ___ locate, identify and edit material ___32___ on the Intemet.The name Yahoo is ____ 33____ to stand for “Yet

Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle”.but Filo and Yang insist they selected the ___34 ___ because they considered themselves yahoos.Yahoo? itself first ___ 35 ___ on Yang's workstation, “akebono”, while the search engine was ___ 36 ___ on Filo's computer, “Konishiki”.In early 1995 Marc Andreessen, co-founder of Netscape Communication in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files ___ 37___ to larger computers ___38____ at Netscape.As a result Stanford's computer network returned to ___ 39___ , and both parties benefiasc.Today, Yahoo___ 40 ___ organized information on tens of thousands of computers linked to the web.1.A.became

B.grew

C.mm

D.intend 2.A.made

B.saw

C.looked

D.turned 3.A.in

B.on

C.about

D.fer 4.A.touch

?.contact

C.n-ack

D.record 5.A.founded

E.found

C.argued

D.reported 6.A.unwieldy

B.tough

C.tamable

D invaluable

7.A.exchanged

B.shank

C.sold

D.converted 8.A.explain

B.serve

C.discover

D.evaluate 9.A.which

B.that

C.actually

D.eagerly 10.A.relative

B.interactive C.bound

D.contacted 11.A.fluently

B.efficiently C.exactly

D.actually 12.A.transmitted B.purchased C.sold

D.13.A.about

B.bound

C.going

D.supposed I4.A.fable

B.model

C.name

D.brand 15.A.supported

B.resided

C.lived

D.launched 16.A.connected B.lodged

C.introduced D.linked 17.A.over

B, away

C.inside

D.beneath 18.A.housed

B.caught

C.hosed

D.bidden 19.A.average

B.normal

C.ordinary

D.equal 20.A.attains

B.detains

C.maintains D.contains IV.Reading Comprehension(20 points)Directions: Read the following passages, decideon the best one of the choices marked A, B, C, and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1

Guthrie's contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to break babies.One application of the thrcshoM method involves the time young children spend on academic activities.Young children have short attention spans, so the length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited.Most activities are scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes.However, at the start of the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often

result.To apply Gutiarie's theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit activities to 15 to 20 minutes.Over the next few weeks the teacher could gredually increase the time students spend working on a single activity.The threshold methoci also can be applied to teaching printing abd handwriting.When children first learn to form letters, their movements awkward and they lack free motor coordination.The distances between lines on a page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space.If paper with narrow lines is initially introduced, students' letters would spill over the borders and students might become frustrated.Once students can form letters

within the larger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them refine their skills.The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students

who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room.The teacher can remove the students from the classroom, We them a large stack of paper, and tell them to start making paper airplanes.After the students have made several

airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for not building airplanes.Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their physical education class.To employ the fatigue method, theteacher might decide to have these students continue to run a few more laps after the class has begun.The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and

misbehave in the media center.Reading is incompatible with talking.The media center teacher might ask the students'to find interesting books and read them while in the center.Assuming that the studentS find the books enjoyable, the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading books rather than for talking with other students.In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep.The teacher realized that using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very

boring.Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson, such as experiments, videotapes, and debates, in an attempt to involvs students and raise their interest in the course.41.The purpose of this passage is to___ A.inform B.persuade

C.debate

D.narrate 42.Guthrie identified three methods for__ A.educating students

B.altering bad habits C.avoiding undesired action

D.forming good hobbies 43.Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold method? A.Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food than the

child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it.B.Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young

children and gradually increase session length but not to where students

become frustrated or bored.C.Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow lines is

introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting.D.A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fan by his

parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys.44.To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their hands busy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth.Over time.watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in an activity other than snac 'king.What method is used in this example? A.The threshold method.B.The fatigue method.C.The incompatible response method.D.The punishment method.45.We can draw the conclusion from the passage that A.The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwanted

response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she becomes

exhausted B.The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior with a

response incompatible with the undesired response so they can not be

performed simultaneously

C.The fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is transformde

into avoiding it by introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomes

a cue for not performing it D.The fatigue method is that in presence of stimulus teachers have child

make response incompatible with unwanted response Passage 2 The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive.Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing.Too many companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing wralts.Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising.General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it introduced its Chevrole Nova to the Puerto Rican market.“Nova” is Latin for new(star)“ and means ”star“ in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can sound like ”no va“, meaning ”it doesn't go“.Few people wanted to buy a car with that cursed meaning.When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales picked up” dramatically.Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies.3ne American food company's friendly “Jolly Green Giant”(for advertising ,egetables)became something quite different when it was translated into Arabic as “Intimidating Green Ogre”.When translated into German Pepsi's popular slogan, “Come Alive with Pepsi” came out implying “Come Alive from the Grave”.No wonder customers in Germany didn't rush out to buy Pepsi.Successful international marketing doesn't stop with good ranslafions--,-other aspects of culture must be researched and understood ff aarketers are to avoid blunders.When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to capture their target market.For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new pentare ihto the Latin American market but the product aroused little interest.The mail reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in many South American countries.Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies are becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive to cultural distinctions.The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique

called “back translation” to reduce the possibility of blunders.The process uses one person to translate a message into the target language and another to translate it back.Effective translators aim to capture the, overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings.In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to be shot and simple.They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another.46.The best title of this passage might be __.A.Culture Is Very Important ia Advertishag B.Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between Nations C.Overcome Cultural Shock in Different Countries D.Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles 47.What does the word “blunder” mean in this passage? A.hesitation B.mistake C.stutter D.default 48.Which of the following statements can be used to summarize the gist from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6? A.Cultural shocks

B.Faulty translations C.Avoid cultural oversights D.Prevent blunders 49.We can learn from the context in Paragraph 9 that the word “ca ” most probably mean____ A.an animal used in perfume for its smell B.a piece of fabric used both in perfume and at funerals C.a flower used in perfume for its fragrance and used for funerals D.an nrnament used in prefume and at funerals 50.One way to prevent errors in advertising in different countries is to___ A.fire the translators who don't know the target language.B.use the technique called “literal translation” to reduce the possibility of

blunders C.avoid cultural oversights and avoid certain jokes D.explain in details when designing advertisement for other countries Passage 3 It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in pay, stock options, and bonuses.In the last fifteen years, while executive remuneration rose, taxes in the highest income bracket went down.Millionaires are now commonplace.Amiability is not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers.It is not the boss's job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the man with many enemies wi！be swept out more quickly in hard times;it is the company he worries about.His business savvy is supposed to be based on intimate knowledge of.his company and the industry.so he goes home nightly with a full briefcase.At the very topexecutives are exceedingly dedicated.The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him through the social part of his schedule, but he is probably not a highly cultured individual or an intellectual.Although his wife may be on the board of the symphony or opera, he himself has little time for such pursuits.His reading may largely concern business and management, despite interests in other fields.Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing.These days, he probably attempts some form of aerobic exercise to “keep the old heart in shape” and for the same reason goes easy on butter and alcohol, and substances thought to contribute to taking highly stressed executives out of the running.But his doctor's admonition to “take it easy” falls on deaf eyes.He likes to work.He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels.Corporate head-hunting, carried on by “executive search fares,” is a growing industry.America has great faith in individual talent, and dynamic and aggressive executives are so in demand that companies regularly raid each other's managerial ranks.51.We can infer from the second paragraph that___

A.promotion depends on amiability

B.chief executives do not work hard enough at the top level

C.it is the duty of the chief executive to look after the well-being of his

subordinates

D.a chief executive is expected to know more about his company and the

industry 52.The term “aerobic exercise”(fa'st line in second last paragraph)is a kind Of

____

A.hallucination exercise

B.physical exercise

C.meditation exercise

D.entertainment 53.From the last paragraph we can gather that ____

A.there are too many aggressive executives

B.individual talent is not essential for a company

C.the job of an “executive search rum” is corporate head-hunting

D.it is not common for companies to undermine each other's managerial

ranks 54.For executives, according to the article, a golf course is a pl where ________

A.they can conduct their business

B.they can indulge themselves

C.they can cultivate their mind

D.they can exercise as well as socialize 55.What is NOT tree according to the article? A.Executives tend to ignore doctors' advice and warnings.B.Executives are sensitive to pressure from the younger generation.C.All chief executives can earn millions of dollars a year.D.Executives are careful of what they eat.Passage 4 In November 1970 Yukio Mishima, together withsome of his fanatical followers from the ultranationalistic Shield Society WhiCh.he had four, dod in 1966, broke into the headquarters of Japan's Eastern Defense Forces armed with swords and daggers, overpowered some aides, tied up the commanding general, and demanded that the troops be assembled to hear a speech.Mishima addressed the troops for ten minutes, inciting them to rebel against the constitutional govemment imposed by the United States that had, in his words, “turned Japan spineless.” Receiving only ridicule in response, he returned to the general's office and there, before the general's unbelieving eyes, proceeded to kill himself in strict accordance with the tradifonal samurai ritual of seppuku.After Mishima had driven a dagger deep into his left abdomen, one of his aides severed his head with a sword.The aide likewise 'killed himself and was 5eheaded;the others surrendered.In 1936 there had been a similar revolt and, though equally unsuccessful, it had foreshadowed the repressive re,me of General Tojo that was to stage tho attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.That earlier revolt is the one referred to in “Patriotism,” one of Mishima's most powerful stories.Here life and fiction become joined.The act of seppuku was for Mishima a fulfdlment, “the ultimate dream of my life.” Bom of an ancient samurai family, he longed to die a hero's death in accordance with the ancient samurai code;but his weak body kept him from service in the war, and he had to compensate through body building(he became expert at karate and kendo)and, most important, through the discipline writing.In his short lifetime he turned out twenty novels, thirty plays, many essays, and more than eighty stories: he also produced, directed, and acted in movies, and even sang on stage.His first book of stories, A Forest in Flower, appeared in 1943, but it was Confession of a Mask(1948), dealing with the meditations of a young man of homosexual leanings in a repressive society, that brought him fame.Mishima has been called “Japan's Hemingway,” while others have compared him to “aesthetic” writers like Walter Peter and Oscar Wilde.56.The article implies that A.Mishima refused to join the army when he was young B.Mishima has been regarded as a lunatic writer C.Mishima is a person who'is hard m define D.Critics all agree that Mishima is an aesthetic writer 57.The aim of the rebel led by Mishima was A.Fo capture the commanding genera!

B.to urge the government to declare a war against America C.to incite the soldiers to rebel against the Constitutional govemment

D.to force the Emperor to give up the throne 58.In the 1970 rebel, the speech made by Mishima____ A.was web received by the soldiers B, was laughed at by the soldiers C.impressed the commanding general D, left a deep impression tO the soldiers 59.What IS true according to article? A.The general knew that Mishima had longed to die a hero's death.B.The general was greatly taken aback by Mishima's suicide attemnpt C.Some soldiers surrendered after Mishima's speech.D.one of Mishima's aides was killed by the soldiers.60.Mishima became a well-known writer after he had ___ A, written “Patriotism”, one of his most powerful stories B.written eighty short stories C.published “A Forest in Flower” D.published “Confession of a Mask” 主观题部分

请用钢笔或圆珠笔将此部分试题的答案做在答题纸二上，否则无效！V.Translation(20 points)Fart A.(10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese on your ANSWER SHEET.One might ask why speculation is permitted when there is so real a danger of loss.The basic reason is that speculation can perform useful functions in the economy.Buying a commodity or stock in the belief that prices will rise speeds market equilibrium and encourages faster entry of more suppliers.If the price change lagged until after an actual commodity shortage had occurred, the fluctuation would probably be sharper and more sudden.Remedial supply action could not be further delayed.Similarly, if speculators foresee a surplus in some commodity, their selling of futures will help drive the price down to some extent before the SurpluS actually occurs.When speculators foresee a shortage and bid up the price, they are also helphng to conserve the present supply.As the price goes up,less of the commodity is purchased;a rise in price encourages users to ecor, om2ze.Similarly, a lowering of price encourages users to buy more, thus helping to sell the surplus which is developing.Part B.(10 points)Directions: Translate the following into EngIish on your ANSWER SHEET.中国已经发层成为一个全球极富吸引力的、现实的大市场。世界各国 和地区不少有远见卓识的企业家，都将目光投向了中国，并从投资活动中 获得了丰厚的回报。我相信，中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国投资活 动的机会将越来越多，自身发展的空间也越来越大。在中国的投资活动一 定能成为沟通世界各国和地区的企业家与中国市场的一座桥梁，促进中国 和世界经济共同发展、共同繁荣。VI.Writing(20 points)Directions Write an essay in no less than 250 words with file title “My Understanding of GlobaIization”.Your essay should be written on the Answer Sheet.

第三篇：2008年成考专升本英语真题汇总

2008年成人高考专升本英语真题解析

I.Phonetics(5 points)

Directions: In each of the following groups of words, there are four underlined letters or letter combinations marked A, B, C and D.Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation.Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1.A.water B.porter C.daughter D.laughter

【答案】 D

2.A.naked B.addicted C.smelled D.rested

【答案】 C

【解析】考查单词的词尾加字母ed的读音规则。

3.A.structure B.mixture C.gesture D.mature

【答案】 D

【解析】考查字母组合ture 在词尾时的读音规则。此题中的D项-ture是在特殊情况下的读音，读作 词意是成熟的.第四小题是考查元音字母e在单词中的读音。

4.A.honest B.chest C.harvest D.forest

【答案】 B

5.A.feather B.leather C.strengthen D.southern

【答案】 C

【解析】是考查字母组合th在单词中的读音规则。

II.Vocabulary and Structure(15 points)

Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section.For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken

the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.6.—Bradford graduated from college with honors at a very young age.—He have been an outstanding student.A.must B.could C.should D.might

【答案】 A

【翻译】 Bradford小小年纪就以优秀的成绩从大学毕业了。

——他（那时）一定是非常杰出。

【考点】 语法结构。

【分析】 这四个情态动词，后面都可以接完成时态，但后三者都表示虚拟语气，只有A项是对发生过的事情的推测，结合前面的那句话，故选A。

7.None of us called the police when the two cars collided, ？

A.didn't we B.don't we C.did we D.do we

【答案】 C

【翻译】 两车相撞后，我们中没人叫警察，是吗？

【考点】 句法结构。

【分析】 这是一个反义疑问句；翻译疑问句在构成上是两部分：前面是陈述句，后面是简略疑问句；如果前面是肯定意思的句子，后半部分就接否定意思的简略问句，如果前面是否定意思的，后面就接肯定的。

8.Not only I but also Douglas and Miranda fond of watching television.A.am B.is C.are D.be

【答案】 C

【翻译】 不仅是我，而且Douglas和Micanda都喜欢看电视。

【考点】 句法结构，主谓一致的问题。

【分析】 主谓一致的问题是要看主谓在数量上要搭配；该句中not only...but also连接并列主语，谓语动词采用就近的原则，因为挨谓语近的是两个人，故选C。

9.—May I have the of dancing with you, Madame?

—Yes, of course.A.pleasure B.joy C.right D.desire

【答案】 A

【翻译】 女士，可否赏光与我一起跳舞？

【考点】 词义辨析。

【分析】 have the oleasure of(doing)sth.正规用词，表示“获得某种特别的荣幸做某事”。

10.Our president made a(n)speech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting, which encouraged the sportsmen greatly.A.indifferent B.inspiring C.flat D.dry

【答案】 B

【翻译】 我们的总统在运动会的开幕式上做了令人激动的讲话，这让运动员们大受鼓舞。

【考点】 词义辨析。

【分析】 A项中的indifferent是“冷漠的，漠不关心的”；B项中的inspiring是“激励人的”；而C、D两项中的词义跟句义更不相干，故选B。

11.Diana was reading Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, completely in the mysterious work

A.being lost B.having lost C.losing D.lost

【答案】 D

【翻译】 Dinna正在看《哈利波特》、《火星》，完全沉浸在那神秘的世界中了。

【考点】 非谓语动词。

【分析】 该句的主语是Dinna, 相对lose（迷失）的意思搭配，表示是读物让她沉浸其中的，也就是主语Dinna是“被。。的意思”，故选D。

12.If I had known you weren't coming, I a cake.A.would not bake B.did not bake C.will not have baked D.would not have baked

【答案】 D

【翻译】 要是我知道你不会来，我就不会准备蛋糕了。

【考点】 语法结构。

【分析】 条件句中提到：“要是。。”，分析起来是对发生过的事情进行跟事实相反的假设，故配套用D所用的格式。

13.Staying in a four-star hotel for a night costs renting a house in the suburb for a month.A.twice as much as B.twice more C.as much as twice D.as much twice as

【答案】 A

【翻译】 在四星级的宾馆里住一晚的花费，比在郊区租一个月的房子多出两倍还多。

【考点】 语法结构。

【分析】 形容词的级别词，无论原级、比较级、还是最高级，若有数词加以补充说明修饰，数词都在级别词之前；本句还牵扯到“是。。的两倍多”，其中包含原有的费用，故选A。此考点我在北京安通学校的辅导班课堂上至少讲过3次了。

14.In winter, traffic accidents occur on the highway.A.frequently B.suddenly C.usually D.rapidly

【答案】 A

【翻译】 冬天高速路上事故频发。

【考点】 词义辨析。

【分析】 A项的意思是“频繁地，经常地”，侧重指动作发生的频率；B项的意思是“突然，一下子”；C项的意思是“通常，大多数情况下”； D项的意思是“迅速地”。

15.Only when I began to do it that I had made a mistake.A.I realized B.I had realized C.did I realize D.would I realize

【答案】 C

【翻译】 只有当我开始做这事情时，我才意识到我犯错误了。

【考点】 句法结构。

【分析】 该句涉及到倒装句的知识点之一：当一个句子以“only + 状语”开头时，该句要倒装。

16.It was three weeks later he heard the news.A.which B.that C.after D.when

【答案】 B

【翻译】 三周后他才听到这消息。

【考点】 句法结构。

【分析】 该句考察强调句，其句型是It is/was...that/who...;如被强调对象是人，用who或whom，其他情况都用that。特别注意：强调时间不用when，强调地点不用where，也不用介词 + 关系代词。

17.He live in a remote and underdeveloped country than in this modem but noisy city.A.prefers to B.likes to C.had better D.would rather

【答案】 D

【翻译】 他宁愿住在偏远、欠发达的乡间，而不是这个现代但嘈杂的城市里。

【考点】 词语搭配。

【分析】 A项prefer to do sth.，或prefer...to...(两处省略的是名词功能的部分)；B项的like to do sth.；C项had better后接动词原形，“最好。。”；只有D项中，would rather 与than结合，表示“宁愿。。而不（是）。。”故选D。

18.__ , Sam knows lots of things about philosophy.A.As he is young B.As young he is C.Young as is he D.Young as he is

【答案】 D

【翻译】 尽管Sam年纪小，但他知道很多有关哲学方面的事情。

【考点】 句法结构。

【分析】 四个选项中都含有as引导词，但由as引导让步状语从句时，被强调对象要放在as的前面。【由(al)though, even though, no matter...,等引导时，都是引导词加陈述句。】

19.Today the energy problem becomes critical.It __ an immediate solution.A.calls on B.calls for C.calls up D.calls at

【答案】 B

【翻译】 现在的能源问题变得至关重要了，需要立即解决。

【考点】 短语搭配。

【分析】 call on：“拜访某人”；call at: “拜访某地”； call up：“给某人打电话，使。。忆起”；call for：“要求、需要。。”。

20.Dr.Zhang was always __ the poor and the sick, his private clinic often providing them with free medical care.A.tended by B.absorbed in C.concerned about D.reminded of

【答案】 C

【翻译】 张先生向来关心那些穷人、有困苦的人，他的私人诊所往往给他们免费治疗。

【考点】 短语搭配。

【分析】 A、B、D如果跟句中的was连用，则表示A: 被照顾看；B: 被吸收进。。；D：被想起。。；C项中 be concerned about/for sth./sb.表示：担心。。，烦恼。。，忧虑。。，其中concerned 是形容词。

【总评】与去年考试一样，共15个小题，其中有10个题目考查语法结构，涉及到了虚拟语气2个（第6、12小题）、反义疑问句1个（第7题）、强调句1个（第16题It is„„that„„）、倒装句2个（第15、18小题，其中15小题是Only提到句首的倒装），还考到主语从句等等。

除了语法外，另外5个小题考到了三个固定搭配，其他都是近义词区别。这些咱们在安通学校的全程班里边都给大家讲过类似的搭配，语法第12题咱们在全程班原题都讲过，所以说只要是系统的跟着咱们全程班学习，这15分肯定没问题。

III.Cloze(30 points)

Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.The first snowboards were made in the 1960s.However, it was in the late 70s that they became more 21.Throughout the 80s, more and more people began taking up the sport, even though snowboards were not allowed on most ski hills.22 its earlier problems, snowboarding is now the world's 23 growing winter sport and most resorts(度假地)welcome snowboards.In 1963, a Grade 8 student named Tom Sims 24 a ski-board for a school project in New Jersey.Then, in 1966, a man named Sherman Poppen 25 two skis together for his kids on Christmas day.He called his invention “the Snurfer,” which 26 the words “snow” and “surf.” In 1969, Jake Burton Carpenter received a 27 for Christmas.He soon began designing boards, and today “Burton” is a popular 28 of snowboard.By the 1980s, snowboarding had become very popular.29 , most ski resorts did not allow snowboarding because they thought it was too 30.Since many snowboarders were young, many older skiers did not want them on the ski hills.The snowboarders had to go to the backcountry;31 patrolled(有巡罗的)resorts.Rejection at the resorts did not 32 snowboarding from growing in popularity.Eventually, the owners of ski resorts changed their views.They 33 that they could make more money by allowing snowboarding.One by one, the resorts 34 to welcome snowboards.Today, many resorts even set 35 special areas where snowboarders can practice their creative tricks.21.A.spreading B.popular C.ordinary D.interesting

22.A.Besides B.Instead of C.Despite D.Because of

23.A.fastest B.best C.most slowly D.most efficiently

24.A.discovered B.found C.planned D.designed

25.A.bought B.made C.attached D.mended

26.A.combines B.mixes C.unites D.associates

27.A.tool B.snurfer C.board D.ski

28.A.brand B.game C.resort D.person

29.A.Therefore B.Furthermore C.Meanwhile D.However

30.A.showy B.dangerous C.exciting D.harmful

31.A.nearby B.across C.away from D.close to

32.A.fail B.involve C.stop D.drop

33.A.rejected B.realized C.fulfilled D.denied

34.A.wanted B.hurried C.refused D.began

35.A.aside B.back C.out D.down

【点评】本篇短文主要谈论滑雪板的发明、发展和对滑雪运动的影响。文章有四个自然段，大约二百五六十个词，内容比较紧凑，备选词大多数是实词，这篇短文的15个空设置也比较均匀，因此有利于根据语境和词义判断出那个词是最佳选项。难度也非常适合成考考生，故事情节通俗易懂，考查要点也浅显易懂，主要考查基本词义，搭配，对文章的理解能力，只要考生掌握大纲要求词汇量，就不难取得一个满意的分数。

21.【答案】 B

【考点】 词义辨析。

【解析】 该句是全文第二句，第一句刚交代：滑雪板运动是二十世纪六十年代发明的，结合全文第二段对滑雪板运动发展历史的讲解，到第三段的开头第一句：到二十世纪八十年代，该运动变得十分流行，再看这儿的四个词的各自意思，故选B.22.【答案】 C

【考点】 逻辑推理加词义辨析。

【解析】 该句前一句说到：整个八十年代，尽管在许多滑雪区不允许滑板滑雪，越来越多的人，却开始喜欢该项体育运动。从所给的四个介词或介词短语的意思分析处，再看本句的逻辑搭配：（尽管）早期有许多困难，但它是今天是。。，故选C.23.【答案】 A

【考点】 词义辨析。

【解析】该句是（尽管）早期有许多困难，但今天它是发展最。。的冬季体育项目，从几段的讲解来看，是在介绍滑板滑雪的历史及现状，结合四个选项的意思来分析，只能选A。

24.【答案】 D

【考点】 词义辨析。

【解析】 该句是:1963年，一位名叫Tom Sims的八年级学生，为新泽西的一个学校课程设计了滑板项目。从四个词的意思上来分析，A、B的意思相近，大同小异，故二者均不能选；C、D两词之后虽都能跟for，但C项“计划”与句中project相近，故只能选D，D的意思最适合本篇的逻辑搭配。

25.【答案】 C

【考点】 词义辨析。

【解析】 该句是说：。。一位名叫Sherman Poppen的人在圣诞节为他的孩子们把两片滑雪板缚在一起。A：（购）买；B：制造；C：系、缚、捆、扎；D：修（理）。故选C.26.【答案】 A

【考点】 短语搭配辨析。

【解析】 他把他的发明称为“Snurfer”，这个词结合了snow与surf。这几个词的搭配都差不多，但A：把。。与。。结合起来，使具有两样（的特性）；B：把。。与。。混杂在一起（原来的二者就是你中有我，我中有你了）；C：把。。与。。团结、联合（为一体）/合并；D：把人或事物联系起来；把。。与。。联想起来。比较清楚各自的侧重点以后，就不难决定了。

27.【答案】 B

【考点】 逻辑推理。

【解析】 从前两句话，尤其是前一句话，不难锁定答案B，排除另外的几个名词。

28.【答案】 A

【考点】 逻辑推理。

【解析】 该句意思是：他很快开始设计滑雪板，而且现在“Burton”就是滑雪板的一个非常受欢迎的品牌。结合前面介绍的情形及本句前半截，只有A最适合。A：牌子；B：

（一）场、局赛事；C：海滨、滑雪、休养等的度假胜地；D：（个）人。

29.【答案】 D

【考点】 句法结构。

【解析】 结合本句前面的一句（是对上文的基本总结），再看看下文中大部分旅游胜地的做法，不难得出前后为转折关系，故选D。

30.【答案】 B

【考点】 逻辑推理。

【解析】 本句的意思是：因为他们认为滑板滑雪太危险，大部分的旅游胜地都不允许此活动。不仅是从活动本身来分析，还是看看后面那句话，就能得出此答案。

31.【答案】 C

【考点】 逻辑推理。

【解析】 结合本句前面的一句：滑板滑雪爱好者不得不到隐蔽的深山、远离那些有巡逻的旅游胜地。了解了上文中大部分旅游胜地的做法，不难得出滑板滑雪者们的选择，故选D，因为其他三个词的意思是非常直观的。

32.【答案】 C

【考点】 逻辑推理。

【解析】 该句意思是：各旅游胜地的拒绝没有妨碍该活动的流行；从后半句中的from可以得出本句为固定搭配。

33.【答案】 B

【考点】 逻辑推理。

【解析】 本句的意思是：他们认识到他们通过允许滑板滑雪活动，可以从中赚更多的钱。从此话前面的一句话看看（那些旅游胜地的所有者们交换了他们对此的观点）；而且A、D两词意义相近；C的意思完全不符。故选B。

34.【答案】 D

【考点】 逻辑推理。

【解析】 结合本句前面的两句，再看看词的用法搭配：只有A、D两词可以与to连用，而A与文意不符，故选D。

35.【答案】 A

【考点】 固定搭配。

【解析】 该句意思是：现今各旅游胜地甚至为滑板滑雪者们留出特别的区域，这样他们可以在那儿练习他们那些别有创意的技巧。所给的四个词，只有A跟句中set搭配表示“留出、积攒”。

IV.Reading Comprehension(60 points)

Directions: There are five reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by four questions.For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.Choose one best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage one

Win a week in England!

You still don't know what to do this summer? Well, here's your chance to win a one-week language course in Kent, England!Free4Fun and ETC(English Travel Connections)are giving away two trips to Rochester.This historic city is less than an hour's drive from London and close to the sea resort of Herne Bay.It is also the home of one of England's most famous writers, Charles Dickens.The town of Rochester is in Southeast England.Charles Dickens often wrote about it in his books.His home, Gad's Hill, is there, too.A popular attraction is Rochester Castle, a large Norman fortress.It was built in the llth century and rebuilt during the 14th century.Other attractions are Rochester Cathedral, which was built during the 13th century, and Dickens Centre.It has got its name in honour of Dickens himself.The trip to England includes:

* travel by train(via the Eurotunnel)to and from any railway station in Germany

* room and full board with a guest family for one week

* language course in small groups

* two tripsto London

* large choice of sports and entertainment

* German-speaking advisors available 24 hours a day

Interested? All you have to do is to answer the following question:

When was Charles Dickens born?

So, take the chance and send your answer by 1 May to:

Free4Fun “Rochester”

Free4Fun, 24 Elphinstone Road, Hastings, 2FQ6VJ

fax: 089 / 85 763-103

e-mail: free4fun@netlight.com

The two winners will be contacted directly before 5 May.They will also be announced in the

June issue of Free4Fun.Good luck!

For further information contact:

phone:(03212)144 43

fax:(03212)144 42

e-mail: info@etc.com

【点评】关于Free4Fun和ETC（English Travel Connections）联合举办的活动，是一则有奖问答形式的广告。

首先说你今年夏季可能有机会赢得在英格兰最著名的作家查尔斯?狄更斯的家乡Rocheste旅游一周的机会。并简要介绍了一下当地的建筑物的历史背景,然后就介绍行程及活动安排等。你感兴趣了，文章就鼓动你回答问题：查尔斯?狄更斯是什么时候出生的？，并留下发送答案的地址和活动截止日期。最后一段是告诉你，本次活动只抽取两位幸运者，获奖者的名单将公布在六月份的Free4Fun刊物上。

这篇短文形式类似于2006年阅读理解的题目，所问的问题也都是细节题，可以直接从文章中寻找到。只有第36题稍微要思考一下，13th century（13世纪）即1200s。

36.Rochester Cathedral was built in the.A.1100s B.1200s

C.1300s D.1400s

【答案】 B

【解析】 该题为事实细节题。根据“...Other attraction are Rochester Cathedral, which was built during the 13th centery,...”结合对世纪的背景知识的理解，可以获得。

37.What activities can you participate in during the trip?

A.Working as an advisor.B.Learning German language.C.Travelling with a guest family.D.Enjoying sports and entertainment.【答案】 D

【解析】 该题为事实细节题。答案可以从所给的旅行内容中第五点得出。

38.If you want to win a prize you have to send your answer to.A.the June issue of Free4fun

B.free4 fun@netlight.com

C.info@etc.com

D.ETC

【答案】 B

【解析】该题为事实细节题。可以根据大项第三项得出提示，做的时候仔细一些，注意排除干扰项，最后锁定选项B。

39.The persons who know of Charles Dickens are likely to win the free trip.A.the birth date B.the home town

C.the major works D.the writing style

【答案】 A

【解析】 该题为事实细节题。答案可以结合38题做，回头看看要寄的答案是全文第三个标题中的内容，稍加推理就能得出。

Passage Two

In 2000, with little but a bar and a church left to make it a destination, tiny St.James, Nebraska, was taken off state highway maps.Then the church closed, and the small farm village in the state's northeast comer looked set to just disappear.Thanks to five devoted women, it didn't.In May 2001, after meeting with staff from the Center for Rural Affairs, the friends--Louise Guy, Vicky Koch, Jeanette Pinkelman, Mary Rose Pinkelman and Violet Pinkelman--opened a weekend market for vendors(小商贩)to sell handcrafts and local food.“We felt like, what can we do to bring the community together?” says Mary Rose Pinkelman.“We decided to make a place to sell local goods.” They set up shop in the church school, which, though closed for nearly 40 years, had been well maintained.The first weekend, 16 vendors took over an old classroom.The result was ah instant hit.Today, the market draws up to 70 vendors--who sell such items as homemade jellies, baked goods, hand-woven rugs, and farm-grown produce--and what Pinkelman calls an unexpected number of visitors.In the process, the market has made St.James a destination again, putting it back on the state road map.【翻译】由于五位妇女的共同努力，一个从公路版图上消失的小村庄又重新返回到地图上。

在2000年，随着村里的最后那个教堂的关闭，小村子在公路版图上消失了。2001年的五月，五个朋友会见了有关部门以后，决定利用该村废弃多年的教堂学校，在周末开办本地产品的销售市场。她们的事业迅速成功了，越来越多的小商贩来到这里，从第一个周末的十六家商贩，到今天发展到七十家，商人们贩卖手工艺品、当地食物、农产品等等，同时也意外的吸引来了大量的游客，所以这个小村子就再次回到地图上。

40.According to Paragraph 1, what fate was St.James, Nebraska suffering?

A.The replacement of the church school.B.The disappearance from highway maps.C.The closedown of the bar.D.The set-up of a market.【答案】 B

【解析】 该题为细节归纳题。答案可以从第一段的第一句：只剩下一个小酒馆、一座教堂，使得Nebraska的小镇圣.詹姆士，被从美国的高速路地图上除名了；第二句的主句部分：。。注定要消失了，故选B。

41.St.James in this passage is

A.a small village B.a little farm

C.a tiny city D.a little town

【答案】 A

【解析】 该题为事实细节题。答案可以第一段第二句的主语得出。

42.What does the underlined phrase ~'an instant hit“(Paragraph 3)mean?

A.A fast blow.B.A sudden beat.C.A big strike.D.A quick success.【答案】 D

【解析】 此题为细节归纳题。结合第二段（介绍了先期的行动）、到第三段说起具体进展，以及接下来对该小镇目前情况的讲解，我们可以得出答案D，而且其余三个答案都有打击/失败之意。

43.St.James has been put back to the state road map due to

A.the efforts of five women B.the efforts of the Center for Rural Affairs

C.the vendors in the local place D.the unexpected number of visitors

【答案】 A

【解析】 该题为主旨归纳题。要结合全文的头尾来看，尤其是第一段的最后一句、全文的最后一句：先是多亏了五位。。；中间讲到大致过程，最后说起说起在市场的建设扩大过程中。。所以选 A；其他几个选项只是文中的局部细节而已。

Passage Three

Romeo and Juliet was probably written in 1595, when Shakespeare was a young, successful playwright.He had already written comedies and history plays, but had not yet developed his skill at tragedy.The power of fate is strong in Shakespeare's play.Chance and evil eventually join to bring tragedy.Chance involves Romeo in a murder;chance prevents a message from reaching Romeo in time;chance brings about a deadly meeting in a cemetery.Many Elizabethans were followers of astrology(星相术)and believed that the stars could control events.Thus, Romeo and Juliet are referred to as ”star-crossed lovers“ whose stars doomed(命中注定)them to disaster.Elizabethans also had a concept of fate in the person of Dame Fortune(命运女神).By spinning her wheel, she could raise the state of a beggar or lower that of a king.One of the fascinations of Shakespeare is the way in which he put these ideas into the play.One of the most difficult things to decide about this play is the question of responsibility.Did irresistible fate bring tragedy to Romeo and Juliet, or were they themselves to blame? The fact that this question is not resolved by the author also helps to make Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet a fascinating work.【翻译】莎士比亚的悲剧罗密欧与朱丽叶.文章第一段首先说了罗密欧与朱丽叶可能作于1595年，那时年轻的莎士比亚并不擅长写悲剧，他是一个成功的写喜剧和历史剧的剧作家。

作者认为莎士比亚的戏剧中有很强的宿命论因素，机遇和邪恶共同造就了悲剧。罗密欧和朱丽叶俩人的星座相克，命中注定要遭灾，谁应当对罗密欧与朱丽叶的悲剧负责任？这个问题尚未解决。

44.According to Paragraph 1, Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet

A.when he succeeded in comedies and history plays

B.after he had developed his skill in tragedy

C.before he wrote comedies and history plays

D.when he was no longer young

【答案】 A

【解析】 该题细节归纳题。第一段就两句话。把第一句的后半截连同第二句的前半截结合起来理解，就能得出答案是A；其他三项都是故意与文中的事实拧着说的，起到干扰结论的作用。

45.According to the passage, chance

A.involves Juliet in a murder

B.sends Romeo and Juliet into evil-doing

C.causes late arrival of a message for Romeo

D.leads to a happy meeting between Romeo and Juliet

【答案】 C

【解析】该题为事实细节题。答案可以从第二段中提到的几个排比句中得出，稍微仔细一点儿，只有C说得对：A项中应该是指Romeo才对；B中的说法就没提到，跟剧情也不符合；D项中内容是对对最后一句原有内容的篡改。

46.The passage indicates that Shakespeare put into Romeo and Juliet.A.historical events B.Elizabethan beliefs

C.his personal experience D.political issues at the time

【答案】 B

【解析】该题为事实细节题。答案可以从第三段得出，其他三个选择，都可以说是在本篇没提到的信息，不能加进来做为这个题目的依据；或者说只是站到读者的角度，妄加联想出来的。

47.What is unresolved about this play is

A.who is responsible for the tragedy

B.whether Romeo and Juliet are tragic characters

C.what the most fascinating element of the play is

D.how tragic fate can be avoided

【答案】 A

【解析】本题为事实细节题。该问题可以从最后一段的第一句就能得出；这一句是是该段的主题句，这之后的几句都是围绕它展开的。

Passage Four

Friends become a child's chosen family.If his social life is going well, he gains confidence.If he has trouble connecting, it hurts and can make him feel sad and withdrawn and lonely.1.Help your child communicate.Naturally outgoing kids have an easier time expressing their interest in other children than shy ones do.But you can help build this skill through practice.Ask your child about his favorite games and toys.Praise him for specifics when he shows interest in other people: ”You were so nice to let Roger talk about his little dog.I am proud of you.“

2.Keep play short and sweet.Parents should keep early play dates short, so no one gets too tired and everyone has fun.Schedule the next one soon after that, so kids can quickly build on their comfort foundation.3.Know your child.If your child is bossy, talk with him and agree beforehand on which toys will be shared and which ones should be put away because your child just can't seem to share them.If you have a shy child, match him with a younger child so he has a chance to be the leader.4.Help your child help others.Encourage your child to be a better friend by helping him include others in play.If you see someone being excluded, don't ignore it.This is an opportunity to work on your child's ability to understand others.”Rachel is being left out.That must make her feel very sad.Can you think of a way to include her in the game?“

5.Help your kids help themselves.If your child is the one who's being ignored or treated badly, teach him to speak up.【文章大意】主要介绍了如何帮助你的孩子交朋友。

首先说明了孩子交友的重要意义。孩子的交友就像他们选择家庭一样，如果社会交往顺利，孩子就会自信，如果交友不顺，他们就会受到伤害，也可能感到悲哀、退步和孤独。

文章随后从五个方面介绍说明如何帮助你的孩子。

48.Which Word can best describe a child who is good at connecting?

A.Bossy.B.Confident.C.Proud.D.Showy.【答案】 B

【解析】本题为事实细节题。问题中的connecting一词，是在第一段第三句出现的；第二句说到：假如孩子的社交生活进展顺利，他就会获得自信；第三句是：若他在与人打交道方面有问题。。，两句 结合起来考虑，答案B是对的。

49.According to the passage, parents can help their children communicate by.A.showing their own interest in other children

B.encouraging their interest in other children

C.playing games with them

D.buying them more toys

【答案】 B

【解析】本题为推理判断题。文章从第二段开始给父母一些帮助孩子建立自信的具体做法，做法一中的第三、第四句提到“询问。。。。表扬。。”，考生要能提炼出正确答案B；A选项中动作词show跟问句中的人称是反的，C、D两项差不多是顺着本篇发挥出来的。

50.The phrase ”left out“ in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to”.“

A.neglected B.criticised

C.not included D.not respected

【答案】 C

【解析】本题为词语理解题。做法四告诉我们怎么帮助孩子去学会他人。其中第二句提到：如果你看到有人被排除在外，不要不管；第三句：这是一个极好的培养孩子理解他人的机会；left out是在接下来的那句中出现的，其义只能是C了。

51.What is probably the best title for the passage?

A.How to Help Your Child Help Others B.How to Educate a Shy Child

C.How to Communicate with Your Child D.How to Help Your Child Make Friends

【答案】 D

【解析】该题为主旨大意题。通读完全文，考生要明白：全文共两大部分：第一段为统领段，接下来的是五个帮助孩子建立自信的建议；其中有三个是以help开头的，紧随其后的是其分述，字里行间就看出该题所需答案为D。

Passage Five

Memory is the ability to keep track of things that have happened in the past.Memory really is learning.One needs memory to ride a bicycle.A dog needs to remember if it is to Come when called.Memory is said to be stored in the brain as a ”memory trace(记忆痕)." What makes up this trace is not known.Some scientists believe that certain chemical substances may carry certain memories.For example, one substance, when given to rats, causes them to fear the dark.Other research into memory has to do with how the brain works.Psychologists use three means to find out how a person remembers.For example, give a person a grocery list.Let the person memorize the list, then put it away.The most natural way to find out how much a person remembers of the grocery list is to ask what he or she remembers.This is called the method of recall.Another method is called recognition.Give the person another grocery list.Ask him or her to choose items on the first list from the items that are on only the second list.Often a person will be able to recognize things that he or she cannot recall.A third method of finding how much a person remembers is called relearning.Here the person is asked to read over the first list.The person will probably learn the list the second time faster than he did the first time.The difference in the time it takes to relearn the list is thought of as a measure of how much a person has remembered.One way of remembering something is to repeat it many times.Interest is very important.Boring lists of facts are much more difficult to remember than something that we understand and are interested in.Motivation, or wanting to do something, is also important.Motivation is linked with reward.For example, a hungry animal quickly learns how to do something if that action gets the animal food.In humans, wanting to learn is often motivation.The praise of a teacher or the knowledge that an answer is correct is rewarding.【文章大意】关于记忆力的一篇研究报告。

记忆力是一种能力，有了这个能力就可以记住过去发生的事情。但是很难说明记忆痕由什么构成。心理学家利用三种方式揭示出人的记忆：其一是回忆，其二是识别，其三是再学习。

对此，作者在文中分别举例进行了说明。短文的最后一段说明，要想记住某事的一种方法是多次重复。但是重复无意义的东西却很难记住，所以兴趣和动机两者都是很重要的。动机与回报有关系，例如：饥饿的动物学动作会很快，因为它们可以得到食物作为奖赏。

52.We can learn from the 2nd paragraph that.A.bad memories may cause rats to fear the dark

B.it is hard to tell what a memory trace consists of

C.chemical substances carry certain memories

D.memory is stored in the brain as a substance

【答案】 B

【解析】 该题为主旨大意题。文章讲到：据说记忆储存在脑子的记忆痕里，什么构成这些记忆痕尚不知道，有些科学家相信某些化学物质可能就携带得有某些记忆，比如有一种给老鼠的物质，会让他们从而害怕黑暗。考生读完该段落，要明白C、D都只是该段中的一个用来说明性的素材，而A就是对最后一句的曲解，故选B。

53.The way to pick out the items on the first list from the second is known as.A.recognition B.recall C.memorization D.relearning

【答案】 A

【解析】 本题为推理判断题。其正确答案可以从第三段中找到：在第二行中看出“回忆”能力的实验；接着就提出另外一个方法“辨认”：给测试对象的还是那份杂货单，但是要求测试对象从此单子中选出。。，该小题题目中对句中的choose...from...，等于是提出了一个理解问题的出处。

54.What is considered as a measure of how much one has remembered?

A.The length of the list.B.The type of list items.C.The time difference of relearning.D.The time difference of brain working.【答案】 C

【解析】 本题为词语理解题。第三段的最后一句，就直接告诉考生答案了：“The difference in the time it takes to relearn the list is thought of as a measure of how much a person has remembered.此句中的...is thought of as...就相当于...is regarded as/is considered。

55.A good way to train an animal to do something quickly is to.A.make the action easy B.praise it in words

C.reward it with food D.weaken its motivation

【答案】 C

【解析】本题为事实细节题。文章最后一段第三行讲到：动机与奖赏有联系；接着就是拿饥饿动物在什么条件下会。。来打比方，因此本题答案不难看出就是C。

V.Daily Conversation(15 points)

Directions: Pick out five appropriate expressions from the eight choices below and complete the following dialogue by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Jessica: I'm so excited!We have two weeks off!What are you going to do?

Natasha: 56.I guess I'll just stay home.Maybe I'll catch up on my reading.57 ? Any plans?

Jessica: Well, my parents have rented an apartment in California.I'm going to take long walks along the beach every day and do lots of swimming.Natasha: 58!

Jessica: 59 ? My parents will be happy to have you with us.Natasha: 60 ? I'd loveto!

56.【答案】 I’m not sure.【解析】 上一句说到有假期；这个空之后的那句中，有一个词（guess...）可以暗示出答案。

57.【答案】 What about you

【解析】 前面说起自己可能。。；空格后面又问“有什么计划？”，自然是要问对方的意思了。

58.【答案】 Sounds great

【解析】 对话中的Jessica上面说完了自己的假期计划安排，作为二人对话中的Natasha理应对对方的计划评价一下。

59.【答案】 Say, why don’t you come with us

【解析】 根据上面的对话，我们了解到：Natasha还没有决定假期内容，而Jessica的却很明白，而且Natasha也觉得很好，这时可以初步选定答案；再看空格之后有：我父母也会很高兴。。，所以答案为邀请性的最好了。

60.【答案】 Do you mean it

【解析】 Natasha自己本无明确打算，在听说Jessica的美好计划后，理应就有羡慕之意，接着Jessica又邀请他同往，自然是有些不敢相信。

VI.Writing(25 points)

Directions: For this part, you are supposed to write an advertisement in English in 100-120 words based on the following situation.Remember to write it clearly.61．你(Li Yuan)所在的酒店需招聘数名管理人员，请你写一则招聘广告。内容包括：

1、招聘原因和人数；

2、招聘对象(年龄、性别、学历要求、：工作经验等)；

3、优先考虑条件(如：高学历、有多年工作经验、会外语等)；

4、报名时间、地点和联系方式。

Job Vacancy

VI.Writing(25 points)

1.评分原则

① 本题总分为25分，分5档给分。

② 评分时，现根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次，然后根据该档次的具体内容给分。

③ 纳入第五的的作文应取得至少两位阅卷教师的认可。

④ 字数不足100字的，酌情扣1至2分。

⑤ 拼写与标点符号的准确性视其对表达的影响程度予以评分。英、美式拼写均可。

⑥ 如书写较差，以致影响表达，将分数降低一个档次。

2.评分标准：

写作相对来讲是比较难的题目，但是因为已经给出规定内容和要求，只要翻译准确即可。不要求文字的华丽。咱们在安通学校全程班的后期进行写作专项训练时也专门练习过类似的应用文，如果上过安通全程班的学员写这个就比较容易一些了。短文字数也要尽量凑够100字。短文写作，没什么捷径，多练习，熟能生巧。建议大家每星期至少写一篇短文，并在每一篇中尽量换一个新话题，使用已经学到的词汇，词组，句式。这样既可以强化记忆单词，同时也可以实践语法和句型，尝试自己是否可以驾御写作英文文章。同时在实践中，将母语中文与英语渐渐的融为一体，发展自己的写作风格。

【总评】大多数学生认为此英语试卷并不像以往真题那么高不可攀，觉得难度方面还可以。对于参加过安通辅导班的学生来说，试题比较容易，但是对于工作中的成人学生来说，由于自身复习时间有限，不会觉得过于轻松。但是难易程度是他们可以接受的，所得分数也会在他们可以接受的范围。比前几年平均分数要理想得多，学生满意度要高。总的来说，在复习辅导的过程中，无论教师、学生，只要本着《大纲》宗旨，按照大纲中要点，按部就班复习就可以了。多注重基本知识点的复习，不要过多地把精力放在难题、偏题上面，毕竟这类题在考试中占少数。由于英语试题灵活多样，建议广大考生不要太在意压题，而是要注重对知识点的复习掌握，对基础知识把握等等。

第四篇：2015安徽省教师考编真题

2015安徽省教师考编真题

一、基础知识题(本大题共7题，共24分)

1、下列词语中加点的字，韵母完全相同的一组是(D)(2分)

A横竖 彩虹 耕耘 温馨 B金银 经营 精英 静音

C才能 根本 树坑 感恩 D鸟瞰 前沿 鼾声 河岸

2、下列成语中没有错别字的一组是(A)(2分)

A残垣断壁 恶语相加 俯拾即是 B沽名钓誊 耳濡目染 乔装打扮

C慈眉善目 无稽之谈 形直影单 D一代鼎臣 抑恶扬善 囊荧照书

3、下列各句中没有使用比喻修辞手法的是(C)(2分)

A极目远眺碧绿如丝绒般的草原上，是一头头黑白两色的奶牛

B一道道高低错落的瀑布，宛如白练腾空，银花四溅，蔚为壮观

C看着和小伙伴们一起玩耍的照片，我仿佛一下子回到了二十年前

D鲜花和彩灯辉映，礼花伴歌声齐飞，天安门广场犹如欢乐的海洋。

4、下列句子中没有语病的一句是(B)(2分)

A人们透过这阴惨惨的浓雾，远远地凝视着这尊黑色的雕像徐徐沉进辽阔的大海。

B今天我得到了一个沉痛的教训，那就是，永远不要在发怒的时候处理任何事情。

C先生把平生的学问都交给了诸葛亮，为诸葛亮成为政治家和军事家打下了烙印。

D我虽然热爱祖国的山河大山，就是一草一木，一花一石，我也感到亲切，值得我留念。

5、下列关于引用法的表述，不正确的一项是(B)(2分)

A老师经常教育我们：“一日之计在于晨，一年之计在于春”这里的引号表示引用。

B人们常说“开卷有益”，其实读读春联也是一种很好的学习。这里的引号表示否定。

C现在，人们逛商场可以用“电子钱包”付款，这里的引号表词语有特殊的含义。

D人们常接受“伸”，难容“屈”，认为“屈”是窝囊，这里的引号表示着重论述的内容。

6、古诗文填空(8分)

(1)生当作人杰，死亦为鬼雄。至今思项羽，不肯过江。李清照《夏日绝句》

(2)老骥伏枥，志在千里。烈士暮年，壮心不己。曹操《龟虽寿》

(3)青海长云暗雪山，孤城遥望玉门关。黄沙百战穿金甲，不破楼兰终不还。王昌龄

《从军行》

(4)故木受绳则直，金就砺则利。君子博学而日参醒乎己，则知明而行无过矣。

7、文学常识填空(6分)

(1)《论语》 《孟子》 《大学》《中庸》被称为“四书”，是国学经典。

(2)萧红是我国现代著名女作家，她的成名作是《生死场》，代表作是《呼兰河传》

(3)《项链》《我的叔叔于勒》的作者是 法 国家的 莫泊桑，他被成为短篇小说之王。

二、阅读鉴赏题(本大题共7题，共20分)

正午牡丹

[宋〕沈括

欧阳公尝得一古画牡丹丛，其下有一猫，未识其精粗。丞相正肃吴公与欧阳公姻家，一见曰：“此正午牡丹也。何以明之?其花披哆而色燥，此日中时花也;猫眼黑睛如线，此正午猫眼也。若带露花，则房敛而色泽。猫眼早暮则睛圆，日高渐狭长，正午则如一线耳。”此亦善求古人笔意也。

[注〕①姻家：儿女亲家 ②哆(chi)：张口的样子，此处指花瓣张开

8、解释文中加点的词(2分)

欧阳公尝得一古画牡丹丛，其下有一猫，未识精粗。尝： 曾经

若带露花，则房敛而色泽。房： 花房

9、翻译文中画线的句子(2分)

这也是善于探求古人笔下的意境。

10、吴公对“牡丹从”这幅画的评价，告诉我们什么道理(2分)

答： 画家善于观察，才能画出常人所不见之处。而要想识画之妙，亦非善于观察不可。做任何事皆如此，岂止一画而已。

阅读下面的现代诗歌，完成第11题。

秋

沙白

湖波上

荡着红叶一片，如一叶扁舟

上面坐着秋天。

11、“秋天”“坐”在“红叶”上，多么美的意境，试加以赏析(4分)

答： 这是一首通过一片红叶表现秋的神韵的小诗。运用比喻和拟人的修辞手法，诗人

巧妙地用一个比喻“如一叶扁舟，”并用“坐”将“秋”人格化，用语精练传神，内蕴极为丰厚，一个“坐”字，写活了秋大，变静景为动景也给读者留下了无限遐想的空间。

阅读下面文字，完成第12~14题。

宇宙的爱

依旧是四年前的我。这些青绿的叶，可是四年前的那些青绿的叶?水可是四年前的水?云可是四年前的云?——我可是四年前的我?

它们依旧是叶儿，水儿，云儿，也依旧只是四年前的叶儿，水儿，云儿。——然而它们却经过了几番宇宙的爱化，从新的生命里欣欣的长着，活活的流着，自由的停留着。

它们依旧是四年前的，只是渗透了宇宙的爱，化出了新的生命。——但我可是四年前的我?

四年前的它们，只觉得憨嬉活泼，现在为何换成一片的微妙庄严?——但我可是四年前的我?

抬头望月，何如水中看月!一样的天光云影，还添上树枝儿荡漾，圆月儿飘浮，和一个独俯清流的我。

白线般的长墙，横拖在青绿的山上。在这浩浩的太空里，阻不了阳光照临，也阻不了风儿来去，——只有自然的爱是无限的，何用劳苦工夫，来区分这和爱的世界?

坐对着起伏的山，起立的塔，无边的村落平原，只抱着膝儿凝想。朝阳照到发上了，——想着东边隐隐的城围里，有几个没来的孩子，初回家的冰仲，抱病的冰叔，和昨天独自睡在树下的小弟弟，怎得他们也在这儿„„

一九二一年六月十八日，在西山。

(选自《冰心选集》第2卷)

12、请梳理出本文的行文思路(3分)

答： 作者通过回忆，写了叶儿、水儿、云儿几个物象引出作者思考，写出了它们经过了几番宇宙的爱化，从新生命里欣欣的长着，活活的流着，自由的停留着，诉说了这个宇宙有爱。

13、结合文章的内容，谈谈你对“宇宙的爱”的理解(3分)

答： 让我们明白了人活着不需要处心积虑，不需要伤筋动骨，一切改变源于对生活的热爱，只有付出你的爱心，付出你的快乐，付出你的希望，才能渗透宇宙的爱，化出新的生命。

14、试举例分析本文的语言特色

答： 全文语言清新流利，文章中每段都有和前段相似的句式，简短的句子，精炼的语言，仿佛作者在用排比句来表达自己的感情，就像诗歌一样，语言具有一种音韵美。

三、课程理论题(本大题共2题，共8分)

15、根据(义务教育语文课程标准》(2011版)内容完成下列问题。

(1)工具性 与人文性的统一是语文课程的基本特点。

(2)阅读教学是学生，教师，教科书编者，文本之间对话的过程。

(3)能具体明确，文从字顺 地表达自己的见闻，体验和想法，能根据需要，运用常见的表达方式写作，发展书面语问运用能力。

(4)语文课程评价的根本目的是为了促进学生学习、改善教师教学。

16。《义务教育语文课程标准》(2011版)在“学段目标与内容中”除了“识字和写字”外，还提出哪四个方面的要求。请简要回答。

答： 阅读、写作(第一学段为“写话”，第二、三、四学段为“习作”)、口语交际、综合性学习

四、教学实践题(本大题共3题，共28分)

17、下面是一篇7岁孩子的“写话”，作为语文老师，请你结合这篇写话按优中差确定一个等级，并写出评定的理由(8分)

妈妈回来了

前段时间，妈妈去了杭州学习，去了好长时间，可能有一个月吧。今天妈妈终于从杭州回来了，我非常高兴。因为妈妈的怀抱很暖和，因为妈妈回来会给我过生日，因为妈妈在家里会给我读书„„

妈妈不在家的时候，我很想她。想妈妈的感觉，就是一种想哭的感觉。

答： 优。写话是低年级孩子表达和交流的重要方式，在写话教学中，应该注重培养观察、思考能力，要求学生能说真话、实话、心理话。本段写话写明了事件的起因，以及自己非常高兴的原因，而且排比手法运用很熟练，并且把想妈妈这种抽象的感情具象化。

18、请根据课文，从“教什么”的角度评价下面的教学片段有哪些可取之处(8分)

高尔基和他的儿子

[课文〕

高尔基是一位伟大的作家，他很爱自己的儿子。

有一年，高尔基在意大利的一个小岛上休养，他的妻子带着儿子前来探望他。

高尔基的儿子只有10岁，个儿还没有攫头高。来到爸爸身边以后，他顾不上休息，一直在忙着栽种各种各样的花草。假期很快过去了，他告别了爸爸，跟着妈妈回去了。

春天到了，儿子种的花全都开了。春风吹来，咤紫嫣红的花儿轻轻摇晃着，散发出阵阵芳香，引来了一只只小蜜蜂。

傍晚，彩霞染红了天空。高尔基坐在院子里，欣赏着儿子种的花，心里有说不出的高兴。瞧，那些盛开的花朵多像儿子红扑扑的脸庞啊!

不久，儿子收到了高尔基从远方寄来的信。信里说：

“你回去了，可是你栽的花留了下来。我望着它们，心里想：我的儿子在岛上留下了美好的东西一一鲜花。

“要是留给人们的都是美好的东西，那你的生活该会多么愉快呀!一一鲜花。

要是留给人们的都是美好的东西，那你的生活该会多么愉快呀!。

[教学实录片段]

师：默读全文，你觉得哪些话能引起你的思考就画起来做上记号，在旁边写一篇自己的感受。(学生默读，图画，思考，写感受，老师巡视)

师：下面我们进行交流

生：我划了“你要知道‘给’永远比‘拿’愉快”这句话，还写了感受。

师：读一读你画的这句话，说说你写的感受。

生1：我从中感受到，赠人玫瑰，手有余香。

生2：我们应该把帮助别人当做一种快乐。

生3：我知道“给”是给予，“拿”是索取„„

师：你们读懂了这句话，(展示自己的批注)我也化了这一句，我的批注是，高尔基就是这样的一个，我会永远记住他。

生：我画的是“瞧，那些盛开的花朵多像儿子红扑扑的脸庞啊!”把花朵比作儿子的脸庞，表达了高尔基对儿子的思念„„

师：老师也花了这句话，读这句话老师想到两个词，你们猜猜是哪两个词。

生：触景生情

师：(点头)还有一个词——(生困惑，师引导，等学生揣摩之后，投影展示自己的批注：触景生情、睹物思人)

师：同学们，这就是圈画批注，是一种重要的阅读方法，你们一定要掌握。

师：下面请同学们代高尔基的儿子给高尔基写一封回信。写之前，我们来谈谈高尔基给儿子的信，看看写了哪些内容。

生1：花开了很漂亮

生2：他很思念儿子

生3：希望儿子多助人

师：要注意信的格式，谁来说说书信的格式(学生写回信，老师巡视)

师：谁来读一读回信(指名上台读自己的回信，点评精彩之处)

生：(展示自己写的回信)读一读老师写的回信，请同学们给一点评价。

生1：这用了排比的句子

生2：老师会分段

生3：老师善于引用名言

答： 默读环节，任务很明确，能让学生带着任务去阅读，这样可以提高读书的效率。讲解环节，通过对关键词的把握，给予学生正确价值观的引导。通过对文本内容的解读，带领学生回顾书信的格式，能做到与旧知识衔接自然。

19、依据课文，按照‘，教学目标’，在横线上补写教学设计内容，完成(1)、(3)题(12分)

巨人的花园

从前，一个小村子里有座漂亮的花园。那里，春天鲜花盛开，夏天绿树成阴，秋天鲜果飘香，冬天白雪一片。村里的孩子都喜欢到那里玩。

花园的主人是个巨人，他外出旅行已有好久了。花园里常年洋溢着孩子们欢乐的笑声。

有一年秋天，巨人突然回来了。他见到孩子们在花园里玩耍，很生气：“谁允许你们到这儿来玩的!都滚出去!”

孩子们吓坏了，四处逃散。

赶走孩子以后，巨人在花园周围砌起围墙，而且竖起一块“禁止入内”的告示牌。

不久，北风呼啸，隆冬来临，刺骨的寒风吹起雪花。巨人孤独地度过了漫长的严冬。春天终于来了，村子里又开出美丽的鲜花，不时传来小鸟的欢叫。但不知为什么，巨人的花园里仍然是冬天，天天狂风大作，雪花飞舞。巨人裹着毯子，还瑟瑟发抖。他想：“今年的春天为什么这么冷，这么荒凉呀„„”

一天早晨，巨人被喧闹声吵醒了。他抬头望去，一缕阳光从窗外射进来。好几个月没见过这么明媚的阳光了。巨人激动地跑到花园里，他看到花园里草翠花开，有许多孩子在欢快地游戏，他们大概是从围墙的破损处钻进来的。孩子们的欢笑使花园增添了春意。可是巨人又发脾气了：“好容易才盼来春天，你们又来胡闹。滚出去!”孩子们听到可怕的训斥，纷纷逃窜。与此同时，鲜花凋谢，树叶飘落，花园又被冰雪覆盖了。巨人不解地看看四周，突然发现桃树底下站着个小男孩。

“喂!你赶快滚出去!”巨人大声叱责。小男孩没有拔腿逃跑，却用他那会说话的眼睛凝视着巨人。不知怎么，巨人看着他的眼神，心里感到火辣辣的。这个小男孩在树下一伸手，桃树马上绽出绿芽，开出许多美丽的花朵。

“噢!是这么回事呀!”巨人终于明白，没有孩子的地方就没有春天。他不禁抱住了那个孩子：“唤来寒冬的，是我那颗任性、冷酷的心啊!要不是你提醒，春天将永远被我赶走了。谢谢你!”

小男孩在巨人宽大的脸颊上亲了一下。巨人第一次感到了温暖和愉快。于是，他立刻拆除围墙，把花园给了孩子们。

从那以后，巨人的花园又成了孩子们的乐园。孩子们站在巨人的脚下，爬上巨人的肩膀，尽情地玩耍。巨人生活在漂亮的花园和孩子们中间，感到无比的幸福。

教学目标：

进一步引导学生理解课文，了解童话的特点

教学过程：

第一环节：再一次默读课文，边读边划出描写匠人语言，行为，花园景色的语句。

第二环节：交流匠人的语言，感悟匠人形象，进一步理解内容。

①

第三环节：交流相应的描写花园景色的语句，让学生感受到花园由“漂亮”，到“荒凉”，再到“美丽”，的神奇变化。

第四环节：引导学生细读课文第8自然段，并按照文中画线的句子表达，感悟童话得神奇。

②

第五环节：学生细读课文第9。10自然段，交流，揭示童话蕴含的道理。

没有孩子的地方就没有春天，快乐要和大家一起分享。

第六环节：回顾全文，师生共同总结童话的特点。

③

(1)在①处补写引导学生理解匠人语言的具体过程。

请学生快速找到巨人训斤孩子们的三句话，理解巨人在说这些话时，心里会怎么想的?

通过这几句话你能感受到巨人是个什么样的人。

(2)在②处仿写两个句子

这个小免子在河边吹了一口气，河水马上融化了，叮叮咚咚流向远方。

这个小姑娘在湿地边一跺脚，湿地上马上长出蘑菇，开出了许多白色的小伞。

(3)在③处简要地概括童话的特点

幻想是童话的基本特征(童话的生命)。童话的幻想是通过某些艺术手法表现出来的，其中最主要的是夸张、象征和拟人。荒诞是童话必不可少的美学品格。(童话的血液)

写作表达题(本大题40分)

20、请以“我喜欢这样的语文课”，为题，写一篇不少于600字的文章。

要求自选角度，确定立意，明确文体(诗歌除外);不要套作，不得抄袭，不得泄露个人相关信息;书写规范，正确使用标点符号。

2016年福建省教师招聘考试小学语文真题卷

一、选择题

1.下列词语中加点字注音全部正确的一项是()

A.给养(jǐ)炽热(chì)刽子手(guì)自怨自艾(yì)

B.怆然(qiàng)赔偿(chǎng)浣溪沙(huàn)引吭高歌(háng)

C.玷污(diàn)埋怨(mán)踱方步(duó)拔苗助长(bá)

D.鞭笞(chī)针砭(biǎn)沙家浜(bāng)悄然无声(qiǎo)

2.下列成语中没有错别字的一项是()

A.一筹莫展 相形见拙 黯然销魂 明辨是非

B.生灵涂炭 驰骋疆场 仗义直言 计日程功

C.英雄倍出 厉行节约 破釜沉舟 以逸代劳

D.富丽堂皇 卑躬屈膝 味同嚼蜡 耳濡目染

3.下列关于《汉字拼音方案》的表述，错误的一项是()

A.《汉字拼音方案》为我国现行拼音方案，是推广普通话的有效工具。

B.《汉字拼音方案》字母表中的大写字母与英文中的大写字母写法完全相同。

C.《汉字拼音方案》包括字母表、声母表、韵母表、声调符号、隔音符号五个部分。

D.《汉字拼音方案》克服了直音法、反切法等注音法的缺点，能够准确的给汉字注音。

4.下列各句中没有语病的一项是()

A.从中国人以认识到再也不能错过历史机遇之日起，就开始了新的长征。

B.我们单位新来的小丁，今年二十三岁，恰好比他父亲的年龄小一倍。

C.城镇化建设要体现天人合一理念，构建生态与文化保护体系，实现城镇与自然和谐发展。

D.参加修建水渠的劳动大军，响应号召，骏马愉又好地进行施工任务，争取提前完成工程。

5.下列关于修辞手法的分析，错误的一项是()

A.“争渡，争渡，惊起一滩鸥鹭”，运用反复的手法，表现词人急于寻路回家而奋力划船的情形。

B.“我到了自家房外，母亲迎了出来，接着便飞出来八岁的侄儿。”运用拟人物的手法，写出侄儿心情急切和动作轻快。

C.“时间是勤奋者的财富，创作者的宝库;时间是懒惰者的包袱，浪费者的坟墓。”运用衬托的手法写出时间对不同人的不同意义和效应。

D.“可是当兵一当三四年，打仗总打了百十回吧，身上要汗毛也没碰断。”运用夸张的手法，强调无知勇士身经百战而没受一点操作，夸赞战士的英勇。

6.法国作家雨果的作品中，最能体现美丑对照美学原则的作品是()

A.《悲惨世界》 B.《巴黎圣母院》

C.《笑面人》 D.《海上劳工》

7.关于文艺的起源，我国现代理论中一直占据主导地位的是()

A.劳动说 B.巫术说

C.游戏说 D.模仿说

8.下列关于语文课程建设的表述，错误的一项是()

A.应努力建设开放而有活力的语文课程，尽可能满足不同学校、不同学生的需要。

B.语文课程的建设应继承我国语文教学的优良传统，注重读书、积累和感悟。

C.应拓宽语文学习和运用的领域，注重跨学科的学习和现代科技手段的运用。

D.应确立适应时代需要的语文课程目标，开发课程资源，形成稳定而不变的实施机制。

9.根据《义务教育语文课程标准(2011年版)》，下列关于写字教学阶段目标的表述正确的一项是()

A.第二学段要求学生能用硬笔书写正楷字，做到规范、端正、整洁。

B.第二学段要求学生能用毛笔描红正楷字帖。

C.第三学段要求学生能用硬笔书写行书，行款整齐，力求美观，有一定的速度。

D.第三学段要求学生能用毛笔字书写行书，在书写中体会汉字的优美。

10.根据《义务教育语文课程标准(2011年版)》，下列关于语文综合性学习案例的评价，错误的一项是()

【案例】六年级某班的语文老师决定开发一次有关清明节的一次综合性学习活动。同学们经过充分的沟通，拟出了“清明节与传统文化”的综合性学习活动方案。在班长的组织下，同学们分工完成了以下几件事：⑴收集清明节的故事、民俗;⑵搜寻有关清明节的诗歌，在早读课上朗读背诵;⑶一部分同学走访当地的烈士陵园并收集革命先烈的故事，一同学向家人了解逝去亲人的故事，举行感恩教育主题班会;⑷同桌合作，共同完成一张以“清明节与传统文化”为主题的手抄报，并举行手抄报展览。

A.该案例贴近现实生活，联系生活中的实际问题开展学习活动。

B.该案例的设计开放，多元，拓展学生学习和创造的空间。

C.该案例强调合作精神，注意培养学生策划、组织、协调和实施能力。

D.该案例主要由学生自行设计和组织。

二、填空题

11.无为在歧路，______________________。

12.秋风萧瑟，______________________。

13.蒹葭苍苍，______________________。

14.______________________，潭面无风镜未磨。

15.童孙未解供耕织，______________________。

16.《哦，香雪》的作者是___________。

17.寓言主要由两个要素组成：故事和___________。

18.法国作家罗曼·罗兰的作品“巨人三传”，包括《米开朗基罗传》《托尔斯泰传》和《___________》

19.《义务教育语文课程标准(2011年版)》指出，口语交际的评价，就要按照不同学段的要求，综合考察学生的参与意识、情感态度和___________。

20.《义务教育语文课程标准(2011年版)》指出，默语的评价应从默读的方法、速度、效果和___________等方面进行综合考察。

三、古诗文阅读

(一)阅读下面一首诗，完成21~22题。

又呈吴朗⑴

堂前扑枣任西邻，无食无儿一妇人。

不为困穷宁有此,只缘恐惧转须亲。

即防远客虽多事,便插疏篱却甚真。

已诉征求贫到骨,正思戎马泪盈巾。

21.请对诗歌第一句“堂前扑枣任西邻”中“任”字作简要赏析。

22.请写出杜甫另一诗《茅屋为秋风所破歌》与本诗所表达的情感相近的名句。

㈡阅读下面文言文，完成23~24题。

烛之武退秦师(节选)

《左传》

夜缒而出，见秦伯，曰：“秦、晋围郑，郑既知亡矣。若亡郑而有益于君，敢以烦执事。越国以鄙远，君知其难也，焉用亡郑以陪邻?邻之厚，君之薄也。若舍郑以为东道主，行李之往来，共其乏困，君亦无所害。且君尝为晋君赐矣;许君焦、瑕，朝济而夕设版焉，君之所知也。夫晋，何厌之有?既东封郑、又欲肆其西封，若不阙秦，将焉取之?阙秦以利晋，唯君图之。”秦伯说，与郑人盟。使杞子、逢孙、杨孙戍之，乃还。

子犯请击之。公曰：“不可。微夫人之力不及此。因人之力而敝之，不仁;失其所与，不知;以乱易整，不武。吾其还也。”亦去之。

23.将上面划横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

越国以鄙远，君知其难也，焉用亡郑以陪邻?

24.请联系文本，简要分析烛之武的“说辞”为何能让秦伯退后。

四、文本解读与教学设计

百合献谁

刘心武

看芭蕾舞剧《天鹅湖》，用望远镜细观台上，不是紧盯着王子和白天鹅，而是逐个地扫描那些配舞的天鹅，除了“三大天鹅”“四小天鹅”外，还有若干毫不能令观众特别瞩目的“众天鹅”，而在她们当中，当舞姿“凝固”时，也还有排在前列与隐在后面的区别，于是从望远镜中注意到，在最后面，一位天鹅双腿优雅地分立，头颈微偏，双手兰花般交错于翘起的裙裾上，身影与其他天鹅同样的美丽，在耐心地作为暗景中的“绿叶”，以衬托主角王子与白天鹅在追光中的“红花”怒绽。随着舞曲的流动，众天鹅也开始缓缓变换姿势，于是我从望远镜中，清晰地看到排列在最后的天鹅的细部，她的眉目，精心化妆后依然掩饰不了岁月的风霜，转动时，显露出锐瘦的锁骨，以及背后同样“锋利”的肩胛;可是，她虽隐于最后，却也满脸凄恻，浑身是戏。乐音陡变，众天鹅如风申白莲般翕合旋舞，转瞬间，我已不能再找到那位资深的舞娘„„

我的思绪，飘出了《天鹅湖》，飘出了王子与白天鹅悲欢离合的故事。我在猜想，那位资深的舞娘，她有着怎样的个人命运?当年她献身芭蕾这一“残酷的艺术”，不惜脚趾流血，苦练虚脱，一定怀着充当舞台追光下的白天鹅的美梦，她曾圆过这个梦吗?也许，若干年前，她确曾是众星所捧的那个“月”，可是，时光无情，后生可畏，她渐渐地，先是让出白天鹅这个主角，再让出“三大天鹅”之一的位置，在演出的说明书上，从“挂头牌”，到名字列于后面，到隐入于“本院演员”的模糊概念中„„也许，更残酷的是，她竟从未跳过主角，终其一生，也只是充当“绿叶”，并且总在“亮相”时，隐于最后一列，双手兰花般交错于翘起的裙裾上„„每当那个时刻，她都能化入剧情之中，而不“走神”于自身命运的吟唱么?

25.概括文本的主要内容。

26.与第①段相对比，第②段描写舞娘的手法有何不同。这样写对人物形象的刻画有什么作用。

27.从内容和形式上两个角度分析题目“百合献谁”的妙处。

(二)教学设计

28.请从文本的特点及小学六年级学生的认知特点出发，确定本课教学的重点和难点，并讲明理由。

29.《义务教育语文课程标准(2011年版)》第三学段的阅读教学目标与内容提出：“在阅读中了解文章的表达顺序，体会作者的思想感情，初步领悟文章的基本表达方式。”根据这一目标为本文第①段拟定一份片段教学设计(只需写出其中“教学过程”部分的设计)

少年闰土(鲁迅)

30.“正确把握语文教育的特点”是《义务教育语文课程标准(2011年版)》提出的课程理念之一，请分析本教学实录中教师的教学是如何落实这一理念的。(至少写四点)

31.人前进的时候，一只手朝前，一只手朝后，朝前的手可以接受先行者的忠告，朝后的手拉一把紧跟着后来者，人类的发展就是这样的一条链，结合你对教育的思考，写一篇不少于600字的文章，诗歌除外。

第五篇：2013浙江省考真题

2013年浙江省考申论真题卷

给定资料：

资料1

源远流长的中国传统文化中有许多关于行为规范和道德修养的经典论述和故事，《论语。颜渊》中，子贡问孔子如何治国，孔子说要做到三点：“足食”有足够的粮食；“足兵”，有足够的军队；“民信之矣”，还要得到百姓的信任。子贡问，如果不得已必须去掉一项，去哪一项？孔子回答：“去兵”。子贡又问，如果还必须去掉一项，去哪一项？孔子说：“去食。自古皆有死，民无信不立。”

司马迁《史记》中的《商君列传》讲了一个商鞅“立木为信”的故事。战国时期，秦国的商鞅在秦孝公的支持下主持变法。当时处于战争频繁、人心惶惶之际，为了树立威信，推进改革，商鞅下令在都城南门外立一根三丈长的木头，并当众许下诺言：谁能把这根木头搬到北门，赏金十两。围观的人不相信如此轻而易举的事情能得到如此高的赏赐，结果没人肯出手一试。于是，商鞅将赏金提高到五十两。重赏之下必有勇夫，终于有人站出来将木头扛到了北门。商鞅立即赏了他五十两。商鞅这一举动，在百姓心中树立起了威信，而接下来的商鞅变法很快在秦国推广开了。在此后的几年中，秦国在商鞅变法中日渐强大。公元前221年，秦国终于统一了中国，建立了秦朝。

而同样在商鞅“立木为信”的地方，在早它400年以前，却发生过一场“烽火戏诸侯”的闹剧。周幽王有个宠妃叫褒姒，为博取她的一笑，幽王下令在都城附近20多座烽火台上点起烽火（烽火是边关报警的信号，只有在外敌入侵需召诸侯来救援的时候才能点燃），结果诸侯们见到烽火，率领将士们匆匆赶到，褒姒看到平日威仪赫赫的诸侯们手足无措的样子，终于开心一笑。诸侯们弄明白这是君王为博美人一笑的花招后，愤然离去。五年后，犬戎大举攻周，幽王烽火再燃而诸侯未到——谁也不愿再上第二次当了。结果幽王被杀而身死国亡，褒姒也被俘虏。

资料2

儒家把“信”作为仁、义、礼、智、信“五常”之一，地位十分重要。《论语》中多处讲到这一思想，如《论语·学而》曰：“与朋友交，言而有信。”“吾日三省吾身——为人谋而不忠乎？与朋友交而不信乎？传不习乎？”《论语·为政》曰：“人而无信，不知其可也。”

曾子，春秋时期鲁国人，是孔子的弟子。“曾子杀猪教子”的故事广为相传，有一天，曾子的妻子要去赶集，儿子哭闹着要跟去。曾妻戏哄儿子说：“你别哭，你在家里等着，妈妈回来杀猪烧肉给你吃。”儿子听说有肉吃，就不随母亲去，曾子的妻子赶集回来，见曾子拿着绳子在捆猪，准备杀猪，她赶紧制止曾子说：“我刚才同孩子说着玩的，并不是真的要杀猪，你怎么当真了？”曾子严肃地对妻子说：“你要知道孩子是欺骗不得的。孩子小，什么都不懂，今天你要是欺骗孩子，就等于教他说假话和欺骗别人，长大后他会成为怎样的人？以后你再讲什么话，孩子就会觉得母亲的话不可靠，就不会再相信你了。”曾

妻听了丈夫的一席话，后悔自己不该和孩子开这样的玩笑，于是协助曾子杀猪，为孩子烧了一锅香喷喷的猪肉，父母的言行直接感染了孩子。一天晚上，曾子的儿子刚睡下又突然起来，从枕头下拿起一把书筒向外跑。曾子问他去干什么，孩子说，这是我从朋友那里借来的书筒，说好是今天还的，再晚也得还人家。

资料3

公元1069年，北宋全面展开了以王安石主导的变法。其中一项“青苗法”，旨在打击高利贷资本，阻止土地兼并。北宋时一到春天，秋粮已经吃完，夏粮尚未收割，地里只有春苗，农民往往向富户借高利贷，等青苗成熟收割后再还本付息，假如自然灾害发生，收成不好，农民只能拿土地还债，宋朝严重的土地兼并多由此产生。为帮助农民,“青苗法”要求官吏在春天向农民发放低息贷款，既帮助农户免除高利贷之苦，抑制土地兼并蔓延，同时也为国家增加财政收入，一举两得。“青苗法”刚开始执行时，为鼓励“青苗法”推广，各级官吏层层设定贷款额度目标。在绩效考核的压力下，少数官吏为了多发放贷款给农民，以显示“政绩”获得绩效奖励，不管农民是否有需求，背着中央强迫农户一律接受官府贷款。而中央政府又无法掌握地方官吏如何执行“青苗法”的信息。逐渐，其他官吏担心吃亏，越来越多的官员效仿，于是大量不需要资金的农户被迫向官府贷款，当遇到自然灾害后就只能再向民间借高利贷来还官府贷款。“青苗法”的举措出发点很好，但在实践中忽视了对地方官吏的监督，导致执行者对上歪曲改革政策而失信于中央政府，对下强行向农户贷款坑害老百姓，最后“流民无数，天怒人怨”，改革被迫终止。

资料4

契约，英文为contract,中文又译为合同，英国著名法学家梅英考察了契约的起源和发展，强调契约的出现是人类社会进步的标志。契约关系在古代就存在。在古巴比伦王国，由于商业比较发达，就产生了规范契约关系的法律条文。在古希腊罗马时期，由于商品经济的发展带来了商事关系、民事关系的发展，因而买卖契约、租赁契约、雇用契约、借贷契约、保管契约、合伙契约等契约关系也形成和发展起来，契约法律约束观念基本形成。近代，随着生产社会化程度的提高，资本主义生产关系的产生和统治地位的确立，资本主义市场经济体制的建立和不断完善，真正意义上的契约制度逐步形成和完善起来。当代发达资本主义国家的市场经济都是契约经济，无论是商事、民事还是政事领域，都存在着各种各样的契约关系。经济全球化趋势的发展和世贸组织的建立使契约关系、契约思想进一步向全球扩展。有学者提出，制度环境是一系列用来建立生产、交换与分配的基本规则。在制度环境中，宪法、产权制度和契约是正式的制度，而价值观念、伦理道德、文化习俗等则为非正式制度。非正式制度不仅是制度的重要构成要素，而且同样约束着人们行为选择的大部分空问。在美国，一个农场主五岁的，儿子不幸身亡．农场主十分伤心，为了纪念儿子，在庄内垒了一个小坟冢。几年后，家道中落，他不得不转卖庄园，但提出了唯一的要求，他儿子的墓作为土地的一部分，永远不要毁掉。买主答应农场主的要求，并写入了契约。时光流逝，墓地上野草青了又黄，黄了又青，土地的主人换了一个又一个，孩子的名字已无从查考，但是，孩子的墓依然完好无损。后来，这块风水宝地被政府圈定为美国第18届总统

格兰特将军的陵园。当地政府依旧遵守契约，保留了孩子的坟墓，格兰特将军就安葬在小孩坟墓的旁边。一份普通的契约能够维持两百多年，不能不让人感叹。

每个人都有买票乘车的经历，乘客检票进了车厢后，就与客运公司建立了契约关系：司机有责任把乘客安全送达目的地。2012年5月29日，杭州长运客运二公司司机吴斌驾驶从无锡开往杭州的大客车，在途经沪宜高速公路时，一块数公斤重的铁片击碎正在以每小时90公里行驶的大巴车的挡风玻璃，直接击中他的腹部。吴斌在肝脏破裂、多根肋骨折断的情况下完成了靠边停车、拉手刹、打开双跳灯等保障安全的动作，挣扎着站起来，疏导24名乘客安全离开，并且嘱咐：“别乱跑，注意安全。”最终，24名乘客无一受伤。6月1日凌晨，吴斌经抢救无效去世，年仅48岁．吴斌受伤后靠惊人的毅力完成安全停车的76秒视频在网络上热传，他坚守岗位、履行职责、舍己为人的精神感动了整个中国，被人们称为“最美司机”。“最美司机”用生命履行了契约：安全行车，保障乘客乘车安全。

资料5

21世纪初，美国大公司的财务丑闻损害了公司投资者的收益和美国雇员的养老金收益（因为养老金都投资了这些公司的股票）。2002年3月7日，美国总统发表了“增进公司责任和保护美国股东的十点计划”的报告，这是美国政府对大公司财务丑闻所做出的反应。“十点计划”推动了美国公司治理结构的新一轮改革，改革的主要内容有：提高了信息披露的要求，加大了信息披露的深度；加大了对违规行为的制裁和处罚力度，对公司信息虚假犯罪坐牢的最长时限增加了4倍，由原来最长的5年增加到25年；除了监禁时间增长，还有经济制裁和非经济制裁；提高了上市公司财务报告的精确性和即时性；对违反财务报表披露要求的行为，对个人的罚款由原来的5000美元提高到10万美元，并且对判处监禁的期限由原来的1年延长到10年，对团体的处罚由原来的10万美元增加到50万美元。改革的主要内容还有：设立了上市公司会计监督委员会；提高了对外部审计者的标准和要求；公司选择外部审计，必须由独立董事提出；负责审计的会计公司必须定期对每个客户安排一个新的审计员；注册的上市会计公司除审计服务外，不得再向客户提供其他咨询服务，等等。当前中国，食品安全问题层出不穷。比如，食用农产品多为一家一户分散经营，质量安全难以保证；小餐饮店、小作坊多，食品产业安全基础薄弱．越到基层，监管力量越薄弱，缺资金缺人员，而且食品安全检测覆盖面不够，拿一个县来说，一次蔬菜检测只有几百个批次，实际上进人市场的却成千上万。面对食品安全的严峻形势，2011年、2012年连续两年，在浙江省十一届人大会议上，有两条与食品安全有关的建议均被列为重点建议。建议受到省人大常委会和省政府的高度重视：浙江省人大开展了省市县“三级联动”的食品安全执法检查，针对食品安全执法检查中发现的问题，各地“边检查，边整改”，引发了全省范围的食品安全大整治。比如，调整食品安全监管体制，浙江省明确要建立上下对口、权责明晰的食品安全综合监管体制。浙江省去年有了一个很了不起的突破——建起一个覆盖全省的责任网，全省划出114530个食品安全责任网络，每格150——200个生产户，责任网建成率100%。另外，对食品危害事件，浙江省还发动群众，建立全省统一的96317食品安全投诉热线，24小时不间断受理安全咨询投诉和举报，省市县三级还设立了举报奖励专项资金。2013年，浙江省政府已将食品安全整治工作列为2013年为民办实事项目，具体地说，将理顺食品安全监管体制；增加监管能力，在风险管理、电子监管等方面要有突破；推进千万学生饮食放心工程；深化风险隐患排查，围绕水果蔬菜保鲜剂、水产品中添加孔雀石绿、用工业明胶加工食品等13个突出问题集中整治。另外，对

火腿、黄酒、茶叶、蜂蜜、食用植物油等5类浙江传统特色食品，将建立食品质量安全溯源体系。

资料6

“北有同仁堂，南有庆余堂”，在杭州秀丽的吴山北麓，坐落着气宇轩宏、金碧辉煌的古建筑群，这是晚清红顶商人胡雪岩一手创办的胡庆余堂。是什么让胡庆余堂历经三个世纪成就百年老店？是“戒欺”、“真不二价”等经商理念在撑门立户。胡庆余堂的门楼上至今还悬挂着创始人胡雪岩亲笔所题的“戒欺”匾额，国药号大厅至今还悬挂着“真不二价”的横匾。在胡庆余堂的天井里有只大铜鼎，当时设立大铜鼎的用途是，如果有顾客因其一味药质量不好，要求退换，循店规验证属实，当班伙计就会把整包药扔入鼎内毁弃。一直以来，那只大铜鼎是胡庆余堂人心中质量至上的一根鞭子，一杆秤，1947年，李嘉诚在一家五金厂做推销员，因为他勤劳、创新和业绩突出，很快就当上了部门经理，两年后成为总经理。1950年，22岁的李嘉诚用省吃俭用积下的7000美金创立了长江塑胶厂。塑胶厂蒸蒸日上，生产迅猛发展，这刺激了李嘉诚年轻气盛、急于求成的弱点，造成他一味追求产量，而忽略了企业信誉的关键----品质。因此，创业不久，长江塑胶厂遭到重大挫折，客户要求退货，银行催讨贷款。李嘉诚深为自己的盲目冒进痛心疾首，痛定思痛，他决定坦诚面对现实，力挽狂澜。李嘉诚的第一招是“负荆拜访”员工、银行、原料商、客户，向他们认错道歉，请求原谅，并保证在放宽的期限内，一定偿还欠款，第二招是立即将库满为患的积压产品分门别类，选好汰劣，然后集中力量推销，使资金得以较快回笼，分头偿还了一部分债务，解决燃眉之急。第三招是利用缓冲的喘息机会，对工人进行技术培训，同时筹款添置先进的新设备，以保证产品的质量和产量。到1955年，长江塑胶厂出现转机。正是这次反向的动力，使李嘉诚由一个余勇可贾、稳重不足的小业主，迅速蜕变为一个成熟的商人，形成了李嘉诚的生意经；做生意要以诚待人，不能投机取巧。一生之中，最重要的是守信。

资料7

刘洪安，今年32岁，身高1.8米，由于患有风湿病，背有些驼。从2009年开始，每天早上，刘洪安都准时出现在保定市高开区银杏路，在他的早点摊前炸油条、卖豆腐脑。2012年春节过后，刘洪安在油条摊上贴了标语：“己所不欲，勿施于人”，炸油条的时候，他每天坚持用新油，不用复炸油，为此每天要倒掉十几元钱的剩油。为了让顾客监督，他还挂出“安全用油，杜绝复炸”的标语，并贴出验证方法，提供“验油勺”，谁有疑问，可随时验证。这件事在网上迅速引发围观，网友对刘洪安的做法大加赞赏，亲切地称其为“油条哥”，刘洪安成了新闻媒体报道的热点，还上了央视，一时成了社会名人。2012年6月，在北京举行的食品安全论坛上，刘洪安的发言受到热捧，他说：“我没那么高尚，无非就是三点：从正规油料、原材料公司购买原料；保证每天都用新油炸油条；废油倒进专业回收桶里。我做的只是一件普通正常的小事，那就是用良心经营。”最初，刘洪安也担心“用好油会增加成本”，但现在，他的小摊最多时三、四十个人同时排队，盈利也比原来多了1/4，他的油条被誉为“良心油条”，一位老人说：“骑半个小时自行车来买‘良心油条’，不仅是为了品尝油条，更是为了支持‘良心’”。

某大学2010级会计班31名同学和2011级ACCA班（全球国际会计师项目班）的101名同学走进考场参加会计英语考试，考场门口，一张红色的会计学院关于“会计不做假账，从考试不作弊开始”的倡议书贴在醒目的位置。和其它考场不同的是，他们的考场没有监考老师，但如果发现任何一名学生作弊，整个考场的学生都将被取消成绩，所以他们参加的不单是英语的考试，更是诚信的考试。考试开始后，考场静悄悄，为了保证考试的公开性，不管是老师、学生还是经过的路人，都可以对考场进行巡考，从教室后窗往里看，考生们都在埋头答题，没有交头接耳和偷看抄书的动作。考试结束后，有同学说，氛围很轻松像在做作业，从小到大还是第一次参加这样的考试；还有同学说，老师信任我们，我们也不能辜负他们，正式有了老师们的信任，才更要杜绝作弊，用自己的能力完成考试。学员的老师说，学风建设是目前高校建设的重中之重，而会计学员围绕学风建设，结合会计专业的特点，重视对学生进行职业道德教育和从业操守培养，大力倡导在考试中实行免监考”，推行“诚信为本，操守为重，坚持准则，不做假账”的会计职业道德。学院老师还介绍，会计学院自2000年开始进行“免监考”试点，到2011年为止，共有35个班级的1500余人主动申请参加“免监考”，至今没有一人作弊，以实际行动兑现“诚信比成绩重要，做人比做账重要”的承诺。

资料8

个人信用、社会信用已成为市场经济的基础。西方的个人信用制度至今已有150多年的历史，个人信用体系发展得十分完善。个人信用状况主要是通过一系列有效的数据、证据和事实来说明的，个人可以通过信用方式获得支付能力而进行消费、投资和经营。在美国，公民都有属于自己的社会保障号，在欧洲国家，公民则有社会信用号，每个公民的个人信用状况都可以通过资信机构做出的信用报告而得到评估。这种报告为金融机构和国家管理部门的资金借贷和管理提供了可靠的个人信用依据，同时也将终生地制约一个人的行为。在德国，如乘车逃票被查到，就会被写入个人信用记录，成为终生的污点，有过失约记载的人在社会生活中将会遭到很大程度的限制。

小吴在北京上大学时在某银行办理了一张信用卡，毕业找工作时透支了2000多元钱。2008年回家乡后，由于联系方式全部变更，他没有接收到还款提示，就将还款的事抛诸脑后。2010年，他买房时准备向另一家银行贷款，银行却告知他有不良信用记录，无法办理贷款。无奈之下，他只能以父亲的名义买房，为此不但多掏了几千元的契税，每次需要办理其他业务时，总是要拿父亲的身份证去办，非常不便。他想重新申请信用卡，都因有不良信用记录被银行拒绝。近几年，我国的社会信用体系建设受到各界的广泛关注，加快社会信用体系建设已经成为社会各界的共识。

【A卷】作答要求：

第一题：请用一个关键词概括“给定资料”的主旨，并简要归纳“给定资料”是从哪几个层面来介绍这一主旨的？（25分）

要求：全面、准确、简洁；层次清楚；字数不超过450字。

第二题：“资料4”中有句话：“非正式制度不仅是制度的重要构成要素，而且同样约束着人们行为选择的大部分空间。”请结合“资料1、2、6和7”，谈谈你对这句话的理解。（25分）

要求：理解准确，有深度；条理清楚；字数不超过500字。

第三题：围绕“给定资料”的主旨，联系实际，自选角度，自拟题目，写一篇议论文。（50分）

要求：1.观点明确，内容充实；

2.结构完整，论述深刻；

3.条理清晰，语言流畅；

4.字数在1000-1200字。

再次提醒：所有题目必须在答题卡指定位置作答，不在指定位置作答的一律无效！

【B卷】作答要求：

第一题：请用一个关键词概括“给定资料”的主旨，并简要归纳“给定资料”是从哪几个层面来介绍这一主旨的？（25分）

第二题：结合“给定资料”，联合实际，请你对当前如何建设诚信政府提出建议。（25分）

要求：观点正确；有针对性；条理清楚；字数不超过500字。

第三题：根据“资料2”和“资料7”，从基层公务员的角度出发，自拟题目，写一篇议论文。（50分）

要求：1.观点明确，内容充实。

2.观点完整，论述深刻；

3.条理清晰，语言流畅；

4.字数在1000-1200字