专业英语作文

第一篇：专业英语作文

作文

1.AIR POLLUTION--THE MOST URGENT ENVIRONMENT PROBLEM

Environmental problem is the impacts of human activities on the environment,resulting in environmental quality changing, and the impacts of such changes on human life, health, and production activities.In my opinion, air pollution is the biggest environmental problem.With the rapid development of economy and the excessive using of oil and coal, the air condition is disturbed.Air pollution results in two aspects.On the one hand,human health is seriously threatened.From the period of industrial civilization in the 20th Century, a series of environmental pollution incidents have been produced, which have taken thousands of people's health and even life.On the other hand,human activities have been emissioning a large amount of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxide and so on, which have been causing a series of global problems,such as extreme climate occured frequently ,the ecological enviroment deterioratedand global political issues.In generally, air pollution becomes worse and worse, which are threatening the human survival and development,In order to protect the environment, the government must take even more effective measures.First, the government should render people fully realize the importance of environmental protection through education.Second, the government should encourage the people to use the environment frienfly product.Finally, those who destroy the environment intentionally should be severely punished.We should let them know that destroying environment means destroying mankind themselves.

第二篇：专业英语

我国经济和科学技术正在高速发展，随着我国机械行业实力的不断提升，中国正在加速产品与设备的更新与改造，我国与其他国家在各技术领域也正在实现进一步的合作，许多企业引进了很多进口设备，大量资料是英文原版的。因此，学生将来在工作岗位上能否读懂这些资料就是摆在面前的一个严峻的问题，特别是在生产实际中碰到现场实际问题的时候，很可能需要查阅原版英文资料或与相关专家用英语交流专业技术来谋取解决途径，所以机械工程专业英语的掌握就变得越来越重要。

一、学习机械专业英语面临的主要问题

1.缺乏足够的重视，认为没必要

许多学生对专业英语重视不够，认为自己以后在工作岗位上一般用不上，学起来又不容易，不想花功夫去学习和加强专业英语方面的能力，即便有专业英语课程也是抱着及格万岁的思想，敷衍了事。其实，随着社会的发展，各种工作岗位对人才的要求越来越高，即使作为一名操作工，也有很大可能要面对纯英文的说明书、加工图纸等专业文献，更无须说将来担任管理和领导岗位对专业英语的需求了。

2专业基础知识不扎实

专业基础不扎实、专业知识的缺乏是专业英语学习和翻译的一大障碍。只有既懂外语又懂专业的人才能适应全面的对外开放，4.无法适应专业英语本身的特点

专业英语一般内容较为枯燥，阐述的是原理概念，结构严谨，不注重文字修饰，重在客观事实；专业词汇多，逻辑性强，理论推导多，有独特的文体形式和表达方式。在学习开始阶段，我感觉很难适应。

二、大学生学好机械专业英语的方法

1.把握专业知识

必须将机械专业知识与英语知识相结合。缺乏专业知识，翻译专业文献就没有了根基，成了无本之末。也许自己在学习过程中就会对翻译出来的东西拿捏不稳，或者自己都不明白，更不能保证对错了。所以，学生必须加强开设本课程前的相关专业知识的学习，为本课程的学习扫清这方面的阻碍，减轻负担。也有学生反映，专业英语学完以后，英语和专业两方面都有所巩固和加强，所以学生要做的仍旧是树立信心，保持良好积极的心态。

2.积累专业词汇和专业术语

在专业英语的学习过程中，学生既要巩固基础词汇，也要学习专业词汇，更要注重基础词汇的习惯用法、含义和在专业英语中的特殊用法、含义，同时，学生还需要在识记专业词汇的同时，掌握一定量的词根、词缀［7］。提高专业英语资料的阅读能力必须扩大词汇量，掌握一定量的专业词汇。如果词汇量掌握得不够，阅读时就会感到生词多，障碍大，不但影响阅读的速度，而且影响理解的程度，从而不能进行有效的阅读，还容易使人产生挫败感。而学生要想扩大词汇量，就必须在阅读的同时进行识记，并扩大阅读范围。

3培养浓厚兴趣

培养对英语的兴趣至关重要。“兴趣是最好的老师”，兴趣是学习英语的巨大动力，有了兴趣，学习就会事半功倍。我们都有这样的经验：喜欢的事，就容易坚持下去；不喜欢的事，是很难坚持下去的。而兴趣不是与生俱来的，需要培养。必须要用正确的态度对待英语学习，用科学的方法指导学习。多让自己去尝试，通过努力让自己体会成功的愉悦。

三、结语

用英语进行专业交流是学习机械工程专业英语的最终目的。由于翻译过程是个创造性的、从生疏到熟练的过程，只有具备刻苦的精神、严肃认真的学习态度和一定的英语水平、专业水平和汉语表达水平，才能充分理解原专业文献的含义，把握原文的想要表述的实质内容，运用种种表达手段和翻译技巧，用准确流畅的符合汉语言习惯的语言生动地再现原文。所以，为把自己培养成为复合型、有发展后劲的高技能人才，大学生必须把握机械工程专业知识，培养专业英语的学习兴趣，积累专业英语学习方法和基础知识，加强英文原始专业文献的阅读，扩大知识面，迅速而切实地提高自己的专业英语的应用能力，为将来更好地适应高素质工作岗位和进一步发展的需要打下良好的基础。

第三篇：专业英语

http://zaixianfanyi.com/google.php#hj

194页：了解什么归入类别嵌入计算，它足以说明什么不是嵌入式设备的要求。嵌入的设备的寿命非常不同于通用机器的3 年的逐渐过时循环。有些设备是几乎一次性的：平均日本celluar电话在少于一年被替换。在oppsite极端，基础建设的设备例如电话交换机在30年的日程表贬值。这些寿命差异产生具体的影响，可升级性和向后兼容性。少量嵌入设备有升级要求。例如，积极汽车热衷者更改自己的车里的芯片，但是这些通常是只读光盘，不是处理器。大多数消费者项将被替换，不会升级。

Backward compatibility is seldom an embedded requirement,as software does not migrate from one device to another.An interesting exception is game consoles:to maintain compatibility,later console chips must be capable of being exactly as fast as the early versions despite changes in underlying process technology.In consoles,backward compatible is often implemented by putting a complete copy of the previous-generation console in one small corner of the next-generation die.Bacause many embedded designs need not be backward compatible with previous implementations,designers are free to switch designs with each product generation.Consequently,there is less emphasis on the distinction between architecture and implementation.If a new version of a chip is slightly incompatible but much better than its predecessors,designers may still be willing to use it.因为软件并不从一个设备迁移到另一个，向后兼容性很少是嵌入式的要求，一个有趣的例外是游戏控制台：要维护兼容性，尽管最新控制台芯片在基础工艺技术上有所改变，但是它一定是可胜任的是象早版本一样快速地确切。往往通过将上一代控制台的完整副本放在一个小角落里的下一代模向后兼容。因为许多嵌入式的设计需要，不能与以前实现向后的兼容，设计师可以自由切换的每一代产品的设计。因此，有少强调体系结构与实施之间的区别。如果稍有不兼容，但比其前任的芯片的新版本，设计师仍可能愿意使用它。

第四篇：专业英语

土木工程翻译实例----现场质量控制样件概述 On-site Quality Control Samples

The Specialist contractor shall erect the first area of each type of the Works and offer these to the Project Manager as on-site quality control samples.The standard of workmanship for the Works shall be to an agreed standard established by the construction of the On-site Quality Control Samples.The Project Manager shall review and comment on the On-site Quality Control Samples.Should the specialist contractor wish to continue with installation of any of the Works before the Project Manager has reviewed and commented on the On-site Quality Control Samples, he shall do so at his own risk.The Project Manager may require parts of the sample to be dismantled to allow inspection of concealed details.Upon acceptance, the on-site control samples shall remain as part of the installed permanent Works.The Project Manager shall reject workmanship that falls below the accepted standard and shall require the specialist contractor to remove it and re-install it to the acceptable standard.现场质量控制样件

专业分包商应首先安装每种类型工程的第一个区域并将它作为现场质量控制样件提供给项目经理。把已通过审批的现场质量控制样件的施工标准作为工程的工艺标准。项目经理应对现场质量控制样件进行审查和评论。如果分包商想在以上步骤完成之前继续进行任何工程的安装，一切风险将由其自行承担。项目经理可以要求部分地拆除样件以检查隐蔽工程的详细节点。工程验收之后，现场质量控制样件仍然应作为永久工程的一部分。项目经理可以拒绝没有达到验收标准的工艺并要求专业承包商将其去除同时按照验收标准重新安装。

我的土木工程翻译----材料来源及其证书(摘于合同文件)

Compliance with Standards

Unless otherwise described, all materials shall conform to the appropriate current European or British Standard Specifications.The Specialist contractor shall provide the Project

Manager, on request, with guarantees, or certificates of conformity, from the prime material manufacturers and suppliers proving that the materials to be used do in fact conform to such specifications.These guarantees or certificates shall also confirm that the materials are suitable and appropriate for their intended use within the Works and will satisfy this Contract Document.遵从规范

除非有特别的说明，所有的材料均应符合相应的现行欧洲或英国规范。专业承包商应该按照要求把从原材料厂家和供应商那里获得的保证书或认证书递交项目经理用以证明即将使用的材料着实符合这类规范。这些保证书或认证书也应该确认这些材料在工程中的用途适当且合理，同时符合合同文件。

Sources of Materials

In accordance with the schedule of submissions, the Specialist contractor shall provide for the Project Manager’s review a list of the proposed materials and their sources.He shall also provide documents from the sources as evidence of their ability to carry out the tasks

expected of them, and written confirmation that the materials they are supplying are suitable and appropriate for their intended use and will satisfy this Contract Document.The Specialist contractor shall obtain the total quantity of each material from the same manufacturer.The Specialist contractor shall obtain materials from established and reputable

manufacturers, particularly those who are prepared to assist him with the design process, through to the fabrication and final installation on site.材料的来源 根据递交计划表，专业承包商应把含有提议使用材料的名称及其来源信息的列表递交项目经理审阅。专业承包商还应提供从材料供应商那里获得的相关文件以证明他们有能力完成其任务,以及书面确认用以证明这些材料在工程中的用途适当且合理，同时符合合同文件。

专业承包商应获得每种材料从同一个生产商购买的总数量。

专业承包商使用的材料应向知名的生产商购买。特别是他们完全能够从设计、装配到现场安装整个过程中给与承包商支持。

土木工程翻译----白令海峡大桥的简介摘录

第一次知道白令海峡大桥是在上大学的时候桥梁课老师梁力给我们播放了《Discovery》中一集专门介绍它的视频，我被它的壮观，雄伟所震撼，今天突然想到了这座“坚强”撼世之桥，特意把它的资料找了出来，并把其中一小段翻译出来和大家一起分享。

Bering Strait bridge

白令海峡大桥的简介摘录

Technical challenges技术挑战

The route would lie just south of the Arctic Circle, subject to long, dark winters and extreme weather(average winter lows 20°C with possible lows approaching 50°C).Maintenance of any exposed roadway would be difficult and closures frequent.Even maintenance of enclosed roadways and pipelines could also be affected by winter weather.Ice breakup after each winter is violent and would destroy normal bridge piers.Specially shaped massive piers along the ocean floor would be needed to keep the bridge stable.The Confederation Bridge between Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick addresses similar concerns on a much smaller scale.桥的路线正好位于北极圈的南端,它受到了漫长黑暗的冬季和极限天气的影响(冬天的平均温度低至20°C而且最低的温度甚至可能达到50°C)。任何暴露在外的路面部分的维护工作都是很困难进行的，所以不得不频繁地将其关闭。即使是关闭的路面和管线的维护也将受到冬季气候的影响。在冬天过后冰的消融也会是危险强烈的并且会对普通的桥墩造成毁灭性的破坏。这就需要沿着海床布置具有特殊形状的大桥墩以保证桥的稳定性。位于爱德华王子岛和新布朗斯威克之间的联邦大桥就面临着类似的问题，只不过它受影响的范围要小得多。

The United States and Canada use the British and now world standard gauge(4 feet, 8.5 inches wide)rails, while Russia uses Russian broad gauge(5 feet wide)tracks, a

break-of-gauge, and this would have to be addressed.A dual-gauge track network has been proposed, as those are used in some areas of Australia, whose rail network is split into different gauges.A cheaper solution is variable gauge axles or bogie exchange, as used at several places in the world already.美国和加拿大的铁路采用英国的也是现在的世界标准轨距（4英尺，8.5英寸宽），而俄罗斯的铁路采用俄罗斯宽轨距（5英尺宽），需要说明的是这样就形成了具有不同轨距的铁路。一个具有双轨距的铁路网方案被提了出来，这种方案正在澳大利亚某些地区使用，他们的铁路网就为存在不同的轨距。一个造价更低的解决方案就是使用变轨距车轮或转向车，这种方案已经在世界多个地方使用了。

土木工程翻译---施工安全

1、水平安全绳之设置，应依下列规定办理：

a、采用￠8.3钢丝绳，两端各用三个U型卡扣紧固在建筑物或构筑物牢固位置。

b、相邻两支柱间的安全绳限系挂一条安全带。

c、每条安全绳可系挂安全带之条数标示于绳锚锭端。

2、垂直安全绳之设置，应依下列规定办理： a、安全绳之下端应有防止安全带锁扣自尾端脱落之设施。

b、一条安全绳限供一名工人使用。

c、劳工作业或爬升位置之水平间距在一米以下者，得二人共享一条安全绳。

d、所有垂直安全绳应垂伸至地面/已完成楼板。

e、完成检验的安全带或安全绳皆应贴上下表所示的当月合格颜色标签，以利大家轻易分辨已完成检验的合格安全带。

f、在吊篮内施工，安全带必须系挂在安全绳自锁器上，不得系挂在除安全绳以外的任何地方。

g、施工人员应配备工具箱，将所用小附件装箱存放，小工具必须拴绳使用，防止高空坠落伤及人、物。临边物

料的摆放不得随意放置，要距离楼板边缘至少1米以上的安全位置，防止风吹或人碰落楼下，伤及人、物。h、摆放如玻璃、箱体等大件物体时，必须有安全保护措施，如大尺寸规格的玻璃（2.4平方米以上的）要求对

称摆放在玻璃架子两侧，并用绳子捆绑牢固，成箱的玻璃尽量集中存放，玻璃箱倾斜垫牢，并用木板将各木箱相连接，以免倒塌。

i、现场设置急救箱，在高温季节给工人发放防暑降温物品。

我的译文：

1.The setup of horizontal safety rope should comply with the followingprovisions:

a.￠8.3 wire rope should be applied.Three U-shaped claspsshould be used one both

ends to tighten onto the stable places on the buildingor structure.b.Only one safety belt could be tied on the safety rope between two adjacentstrut rods.c.The number of safety belt allowed to be tied should be marked on the head ofthe

rope’s anchor.2.The setup of vertical safety rope should comply with the following provisions:

a.At lower end of the safety rope, there should be facilities to prevent the fastener of safety

belt from falling off from the caudal end.b.One safetyrope should only be used by on worker.c.When horizontal distance between the operation or climbing position of workers iswithin one meter, one safety rope should be shared by two workers.d.All the vertical safety rope should draw down to ground/completed floor.e.The followingstick in colors should be stuck onto safety belts or safety ropes after test todisplay test passing of current month.In this way, qualified safety belt aftertest would be easy to recognize.f.During operation in basket, safety belt must be tied onto the self-lock of the safetyrope;tying onto any places besides safety rope is prohibited.g.Builder should be equipped with tool box.Small accessories should be kept in the boxand fastened to rope when in use to prevent from being dropped from height andhitting people or objects.Material and supplies at the edge of construction area should not be placed at will;more than one meter’s distance from the edgeof the floor is considered safe location for placing;in this way, droppingcaused by wind or man and hitting people or objects could be avoided.h.when big objects such as glass or boxes are placed, safety protection measures must becarried out.For example, glass of big dimensions(above 2.4 square meters)should be placed onto the two sides of the glass shelf with symmetry, and boundand fastened with rope.Glass in boxes should be placed together at one placeas much as possible.Boxes of Glass should be well padded to prevent fromslant.Wood-blocks should be used to joint all boxes to prevent from collapse.i.First-aidbox should be placed at construction site.Workers should be given heat controlarticles in high temperature season.

第五篇：船东专业英语

船东专业英语

1．所有航线共有的运输费用英语（共32个）代码英文解释 中文解释

OCBOCEAN FRT.BOX海运费

CYCCY HANDLING CHARGE 日本港口操作附加费 IACIntermodel Administrative Charge 多式联运附加费

SPSShanghai Port Surcharge 上海港附加费 YASYen Applica surcharge日元货币附加费 ACCALAMEDA CORRIDOR绿色通道费

CAFCurrency Adjustment Factor or Devaluation Surcharge 币值调整费

CUCChassis Usage托盘使用费

DDCDEST.DELIVERY CHARGE

EBSEmergent Bunker Surcharge 紧急燃油附加费 EMSEmergency Surcharge(near the war field)紧急战争附加费

ERSEQUIP.REST.SURCH 空箱调运费 FSCFuel Surcharge 燃油附加费

GRIGEN RATE INCREASE 运费普遍增长CongestioN LLOLift on / Lift off上下车费

ODBOCB, DDC and BAF

ORCOriginal Receiving Charge 启运港接货费 OWSOVERWEIGHT SURCHAARGE 超重附加费 PCF Panama Canal Fee 巴拿马运河费

PCSPort Congestion Surcharge 港口拥挤费 PSCPort Service Charge 港口服务费 PSSPeak season surcharge 旺季附加费 SCFSuezCanal Fee 苏伊士运河费

SPSShanghai Port Surcharge 上海港附加费 BAFBunkering Adjustment Fee 燃油附加费 CFSCFSCharge 集装箱场站费用

CODCharge of Diversion 转港费DHCDest.Terminal Handling Charge 目的港港口附加费

DIBDestination Inland(Box)目的港内陆附加费 EFSEmergency Fuel Surcharge燃油附加费

IMOIMCO additional 危险品附加费LHCLoading port Terminal Handling Charge 装港港口附加费

OIBOriginal Inland(Box)启运港内陆附加费 WRSWar Risk Surcharge战争风险附加费 ISPSINTERNATIONAL SHIP AND PORT FACILITY SECURITY CHARGE 国际船舶和港口安全费用Suez Canal Surcharge 苏伊士运河附加费Transhipment Surcharge 转船附加费Direct Additional直航附加费 Port Surcharge港口附加费

Port Congestion Surcharge 港口拥挤附加费 Heavy-Lift Additional 超重附加费 Long Length Additional 超长附加费 Cleaning Charge 洗舱费

Fumigation Charge 熏蒸费Ice Surcharge冰冻附加费

Optional Fees or Optional Additional 选择卸货港附加费

Alteration Charge变更卸货港附加费Deviation Surcharge 绕航附加费

ICDINLAND CONTAINER DEPOT 内陆集装箱装卸站 常用海运术语

ANERA：ASIA NORTH AMERICA EASTBUND RATE AGREEMENT

远东-北美越太平洋航线东向运费协定 A/W: ALL WATER 全水陆

APPLY TO CUSTOMS: 报关(DECLARATION==CLEAR FROM CUSTOMS)

ANTIDATED B/L: 倒签提单

AMS: AUTOMATED MANIFEST SYSTEM 美国24小时前提交载货清单规定

TWRA：TRANS PACIFIC WESTBOUND RATE AGREEMENT 泛太平洋西向运费同盟

BAF：BUNKER ADJUSTMENT FACTOR 燃油附加费 B/L：BILL OF LADING 提单 BAY PLAN: 配载图

CAF：CURRENCY ADJUSTMENT FACTOR 货币贬值附加费

CY：CONTAINER YARD 集装箱堆场

CFS：CONTAINER FREIGHT STATION 拼货拆装箱场所

COLLECT：到付

CARGO RECEIPT: 货物签收单 CUSTOMS BROKER: 报关行

COC：CARRIER’S OWNED CONTAINER 船东箱 CNTR NO.: CONTAINER NO.柜号 CBM: CUBE METER 立方米

CUFT: CUBE FEET 立方材(乘以35.315=CBM)CLP: CONTAINER LOADING PLAN 集装箱装载图 DDC: DESTINATION DELIVERY CHARGE 目的港收货费用

DST: DOUBLE STACK TRAIN 双层火车运送 DOC: DOCUMENT FEE 文件费 DEMURRAGE CHAGE: 超期堆存费 DETENTION: 滞箱费

D/O: DELIVERY ORDER 提货单 DEVANNING: 拆柜(=UNSTUFFING)DOCK RECEIPT：场站货物收据

ETA:ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVAL 预计到达日

ETD: ESTIMATED TIME OF DEPARTURE 预计开航日 EBS: EMERGENCY BUNKER SURCHARGE 燃油附加费

ETC: ESTIMATED TIME OF CLOSING 结关日

EDI: ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE 电子数据转换

FEU: FORTY FOOT EQUIVALENT UNITS 40’尺柜简称

FAF: FUEL ADJUSTMENT FACTOR 燃油附加费 FLAT RACK:平板货柜 FO: FREE OUT 船边交货

FIO: FREE IN & OUT 承运方式的一种，表示船公司不负责两边的装卸费

FCL: FULL CONTAINER CARGO LOAD 整柜 FAK: FREIGHT ALL KINDS 不分ITEM 计价

FMC: FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION 美国联邦海事委员会

FIATA: INT’L FEDERATION OF FORWARDING AGENTS ASSOCIATION 国际货运承揽联盟 GOH: GARMENT ON HANGER 吊衣柜

GRI: GENERAL RATE INCREASE 一般运费调高 GULF PORT: 指美国靠墨西哥湾之港口

HAFFA: 香港货运物流业协会 HONGKONG ASSOCIATION FREIGHT FORWARDING AND LOGISTICS LTD.H/C: HANDLING CHARGE 手续费HQ: HIGH CUBE 高柜

IPI: INTERIOR POINT INTERMODAL 美国内陆公共运输点

IA: INDEPENDENT ACTION 运费同盟会员采取的一致措施

IATA: INT’L AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION 国际航空运输协会

LCL: LESS THAN CONTAINER CARGO LOAD 拼箱货 L/L: LOADING LIST 装船清单L/C: LETTER OF CREDIT 信用证

NVOCC: NON VESSEL OPERATING COMMON CARRIER 无船承运人

MLB: MINI LAND BRIDGE 美国大陆桥MANIFEST: 舱单

MATE’S RECEIPT: 大副签收单 O/F: OCEAN FREIGHT 海运费

ORC: ORIGINAL RECEIVING CHARGE 原产地收货费 OCEAN B/L: 海运提单

OUT PORT CHARGE: 非基本港附加费ON BOARD DATE: 装船日 PARTIAL SHIPMENT: 分批装运

PSS: PEAK SEASON SURCHARGE 旺季附加费

PCC/PCS: PANAMA CANEL CHARGE/SURCHARGE 巴拿马运河费

PCF： PORT CONSTRUCTION FEE 港口建设费P/P: FREIGHT PREPAID 运费预付

PNW: PACIFIC NORTHWEST 远东至北美太平洋北部地区之航线简称

PSW: PACIFIC SOUTHWEST 远东至北美太平洋南部地区之航线简称

PORT SURCHARGE: 港口附加费

POA: PLACE OF ACCEPTANCE 收货地

POL: PLACE OF LOADING 装货地、起运港 POD: PLACE OF DISCHARGE 卸货地

PTI: PRE-TRIP INSPECTION 冻柜检测参数RIPI-REVERSE IPI : 由大西洋港口进入内陆R/T: REVENUE TON 计费单位

RRS:RATE RESTORATION SURCHARGE 运价调整SOC: SHIPPER’S OWNED CONTAINER 自备箱 S/O: SHIPPING ORDER 订舱单SEAL NO.: 铅封号

SEAWAY BILL: 随船提单 STORAGE: 仓储费 STUFFING: 装柜

SHIPPING ADVICE: 装船通知书S/C: SERVICE CONTRACT 运送契约

TEU: TWENTY FOOT EQUIVALENT UNITS 20尺柜简称

THC: TERMINAL HANDLING CHARGE 码头费

USWC: UNITED STATE WEST COAST 美国太平洋西岸之港口

USEC: UNITED STATE EAST COAST 美国太平洋东岸之港口

VSL/VOY: VESSEL/VOYAGE船名航次

YAS: YEN ADJUSTMENT SURCHARGE 日元贬值附加费

ACI:ADVANCE COMMERCIAL INFORMATION DEMURRANGE/STORAGE：仓租 DETENTION：柜租

D/O：DELIVERY ORDER 到货通知 L/C：LETTER OF CREDIT 信用证

C/O： CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN 原产地证明书，证明货物产或制造地的证件 FORMA：普惠制产地证

某些国家给予我国一些优惠政策作为进口海关减免关税的依据，如：英、美、德、瑞士、瑞典、芬兰等。1．干货集装箱（DRY CARGO CONTAINER）

2．散货集装箱（BULK CONTAINER）如：装谷物，树脂等

3．冷藏集装箱（REEFER CONTAINER，RF）

4．敞顶集装箱（OPEN-TOP CONTAINER，OT）即开顶柜

5．框架集装箱（PLAT FORM BASED CONTAINER）

6．牲畜集装箱（PEN CONTAINER）

7．罐式集装箱（TANK CONTAINER，TK）8．汽车集装箱（CAR CONTAINER）CLG: Closing Date结关日

ETD：Estimated time of departure 预计离港日 ETA:：Estimated time of arrival预计到港日