高考作文高分宝典之第一编(概述)

第一篇：高考作文高分宝典之第一编(概述)

高考作文高分宝典 第一编（概述）高考作文宝典

写在前面的话

选择高中，你就选择了梦想与光荣同在、挑战与机遇并存的生活；步入高三，你就步入了告别歌舞游玩乐、备尝酸甜苦辣涩的岁月；走进考场，你就走进了绽放青春之焰火、挥洒生命之汗水的战场。“黑色六月”，我们走进第一科的考场，摆在我们面前的是一套密布方块文字的语文试卷。前面90分题如大山一座，已让我们攀登得气喘吁吁，这时，作文，这平时就让我们望而生畏的绝顶，又矗立在眼前！开弓没有回头箭。运足平生力气，调动平生智慧，奋力攀登，高凌绝顶，众山皆小。我们不必畏惧：高考创佳绩，功夫在平时。只要平时多写勤练，广积深思，练就“少林真功夫”，高考作文有何惧哉？我们不必迟疑：万山皆有路，披迹自寻求。只要平时善于钻研，探索规律，洞悉做人作文之真谛，区区千字有何忧哉？古代用兵打仗者，竭其心力于战前谋划。“谋”之关键，在于了解己方实力、特点，熟知敌方兵力、部署。此所谓“知己知彼，百战不殆”也。高考作文备考也应如此。我们既要注重平时的作文训练，讲数量，更讲质量，还要深入了解历年高考作文命题情形和发展趋势，理解《语文考试说明》中关于作文部分的命题要求，掌握一些快速审题、快速立意的技巧，积累一些使作文升格、提优、增加亮色的招数，这样才能创作一篇让自己满意、让阅卷老师惬意的美文，打赢高考第一仗。本资料结合多年来的经验，对高考作文做一点探讨，希望对亲爱的同学们有所启发、有所帮助。有道是：

高考作文竟如何？审题立意费琢磨。神采风华看平时，体验感悟入生活。思想感情常锤炼，技巧绝招不厌多。百炼成钢不觉难，知己知彼奏凯歌。

第一编 概 述

文题一：高考考场作文高分获取三部曲 一．高考作文的基本类型：

（1）命题作文（2）话题作文（3）题意作文（4）材料作文 二.高考作文的写作要领: 第一: 审题与立意-------口诀: 抱着话题打滚 第二: 定体与构篇-------口诀: 选择最擅长的文体 第三: 突破与升格---------口诀: 要有若干亮点 ●第一步 审题，确定写作的重点与范围。(一)话题作文的审题：

话题作文一般由“引入性材料+阐释性话语+话题核心词+写作要求”构成。“材料”主要用来引出话题，同时对话题的走向起导向和提示作用；“提示语”主要是启发审题立意，打开写作思路；“要求”则是写作时注意的事项，写作时不可轻视。话题作文审题包括：审材料，审提示，审话题，审要求。最关键的是审话题，包括审准话题的写作范围与写作重点。

⑴单个词语型话题：其话题本身是一个字或一个词语。名词要注意其本义、引

高考作文高分宝典 第一编（概述）

在写法上，以往的材料作文很容易套用“三段论”、“四步法”。引述材料、分析材料、联系材料、归结材料几乎成了这类作文固定的写作模式(并不是说这种模式完全要不得，作为基础训练它是可以的，但在选拔考试中，这种模式作文肯定占不了什么优势)。而话题式材料作文，除了明确限定性内容外，同学们在写作时，完全可以突破传统材料作文所形成的种种程式，在最广阔的思维空间里，大胆地发表自己对事物的高见，不拘一格地写出社会生活的五彩缤纷，写出自己的最精彩的故事。

●第二步：作文的立意（中心观点的确立）

（一）话题作文的立意（中心观点的确立）：

话题作文的立意应考虑的几个方向：一是使话题表达的主题更加明确；一是使话题表达的主题更加具体；一是使话题表达的主题易于深化；一是使话题表达的主题更为新颖。从话题作文的话题结构特点看，话题可分为词语型话题、句子型话题、关系型话题。

⑴：词语型话题（包括独词类，偏正短语类）的立意：

词语型话题，中心论点可用其造句进行提炼。对话题采用“前添加，后添加，中间添加”的办法（添加定语状语等修饰语，或添加主谓宾等主干成分），“宽题走窄”，即化大为小，使话题更具体明确，或把话题补充为一个句子。那么，文章的立意也就出来了。如：话题“脸”（05江西），扩展为短语：妈妈的脸，孔繁森的脸，曹操的脸；城市的脸，中国的脸，地球的脸；美化脸部，化装脸部；美丽的脸，丑陋的脸。扩展为句子：我希望有一张天使的脸；笑容，写在脸上；三国史是一部“脸”史；请你收起伪善的脸；改革开放的成果展露在人们的脸上。再如2005年高考山东卷的话题“双赢的智慧”，我们就可以造出这样一些句子来：经商中需要双赢的智慧，中国对外交往中也需要双赢的智慧，人际交往中更需要双赢的智慧；集体和个人应实现双赢的智慧，双赢的智慧来自双方共同的需要，双赢的智慧可以实现共同发展„„这样一来，思路展开了，理解话题也就变得容易多了，立意也就出来了。

⑵：句子型话题（包括主谓短语类，动宾短语类）的立意

句子型话题，其本身就是中心论点，但必须通过添加不同类型的六种成分使之具体化，从而列举出不同的立意。如话题：雕琢心中的天使。从对象的角度添加：谁雕琢心中的天使？添加主语或通过添加不同的类属定语细化主语————（我，妈妈，孔子，丛飞，巴金，李白----）雕琢心中的天使。从原因的角度添加：为什么要雕琢心中的天使？给谓语“雕琢”添加各个层面的原因状语———因为（责任感，使命感；人生有追求，个人有理想；---------）而雕琢心中的天使。从办法（方式）的角度添加：怎样雕琢心中的天使？给谓语“雕琢”添加各种的方式状语———（用爱，用奉献，用执着；用改造自己，用保持本色；用勇敢，用坚强，用献身）雕琢心中的天使。从宾语的类属角度添加:雕琢心中的什么样的天使。从宾语的类属角度添加定语———雕琢心中（人格高尚，才能卓越，形象高大，本色纯真，贡献巨大）的天使。从后果（意义）的角度添加：雕琢心中的天使就会怎么样。在话题后面添加词语或句子———雕琢心中的天使，就会（自己幸福，人生精彩，社会美好；天地宽广，人际和谐，社会进步---------）⑶：关系型话题的立意： 重在考查考生的思辨能力。故构思作文之前，最重要的是要用辩证思维的方法，辨清构成话题的词和词、短语和短语之间的特定关系。这种关系即为中心论点。1．对立统一关系：就是各要素单一来看是对立矛盾的，但实质上它们又相互依存、相辅相成、和谐统一。也可称之为无此无彼式。如“自由与纪律”这个话题，没有“自由”就无所谓“纪律”，没有“纪律”也就没有“自由”，二者

高考作文高分宝典 第一编（概述）3．追问结果法——即问一个“会怎样”

追问结果法，就是把由话题（标题）确定的中心论点作为前提，去推想在这个前提下将会产生的结果（意义、价值、影响）。例1：话题“答案是丰富多彩的”。提炼：以“答案是丰富多彩的”为前提，可以去阐发“答案是丰富多彩”的意义（结果）。这样我们可以想到：⑴在思维领域，正因为答案的丰富多彩，才有那么多发明创造，才有“百家争鸣”的局面；⑵在文学艺术领域，正因为答案的丰富多彩，才有风格的多样、创作方法的多样，才有“百花齐放”的绚丽多彩；⑶在经济领域，正因为答案丰富多彩，我们经济才繁荣，社会生活才丰富多彩。例2：题目《这山望着那山高》。提炼：题目《这山望着那山高》即为中心论点，无须扩展成句子，用推想结果的方法提炼：①这山望着那山高，人就会永不满足； ②这山望着那山高，人就会精益求精； ③这山望着那山高，人就会进取开拓； ④这山望着那山高，人就会力争上游。4．追问对象法——即问一个“关涉到哪些人事物”

追问对象法，就是先将由话题（标题）确定的中心论点用一个句子表达出来，再看这个句子的谓语可涉及到哪些人（事、物），然后补出来或者具体列举出来，即成为分论点。例1：06年广东高考，话题“雕琢心中的天使”。提炼：将话题变具体一点为“用爱雕琢心中的天使”，以它作中心论点，谓语“雕琢”可涉及的人有: 丛飞，李春燕，洪战辉等，于是可以组合成文章主体部分的三个内容：⑴丛飞用爱雕琢心中的天使；⑵李春燕用爱雕琢心中的天使；⑶洪战辉等用爱雕琢心中的天使。例2：以“最美的颜色”为话题作文。提炼：把话题补充为“什么是最美的颜色”，于是可得到分论点：⑴绿色是最美的颜色，因为它是生命的颜色；⑵红色是最美的颜色，因为它象征热情；⑶白色是最美的颜色，因为它象征纯洁。

5．追问内容法-——即问一个“关涉哪些方面”

追问内容法，就是先将由话题（标题）确定的中心论点用一个句子表达出来，再看这个句子的宾语可涉及到哪些人（事、物），然后补出来或者具体列举出来，即成为分论点。例1： 06年广东高考，话题“雕琢心中的天使”。提炼：将话题补充为一个句子：一代大家苏轼雕琢心中的天使。然后对宾语“天使”具体化，即得到分论点：⑴一代大家苏轼把自己雕琢成爱国的天使（国家危难时）；⑵一代大家苏轼把自己雕琢成的乐观的天使（受贬时）⑶一代大家苏轼把自己雕琢成的词坛的天使（文学上）。例2：《拒绝窝囊废》文题。提炼：题目即为中心论点。对“窝囊废”进行分析，分析它的所指，可以形成三个分论点：（1）拒绝平庸无能者（提倡德才兼备）；（2）拒绝怯懦无聊者（提倡敢作敢为）；（3）拒绝鼠目寸光者（提倡志存高远）。

分论点的表述应注意：1．“扣得住”，是说所列的几个分论点应该从同一角度回答同一问题；2．“分得开”，是说所列分论点之间界限清楚，不互相交叉重叠，没有包容关系；3．“排得顺”是说分论点的先后顺序要合乎逻辑，合乎情理。

●第三步 确定文体与构篇

选择自己最擅长的文体，文体要固定；文体特征要鲜明，文体不限不代表没有文体，要写什么象什么。记叙文要三分之二的篇幅落足于叙述，议论文反之。写记叙文，最好将主人公设定为自己，用第一人称入文，不喊口号，情真意切。写议论文要注意事例贴切、事理的分析、引用后的引申，做到首尾呼应。（如何确定文体和如何选择全文结构见后面10篇例文）。●第四步 扣住话题（题目），写出亮点

1、美化标题——绚丽彩虹亮人眼：切忌无标题或以话题为标题。题目要出新：（1）揭示主题；（2）反映内容；（3）巧用修辞；（4）化用名句；（5）借

高考作文高分宝典 第一编（概述）《艰难的发现》《发现得太晚了》等等。

（二）可写成议论文。

拟定新的论文题目可以开拓议论的视野。如：《要善于发现问题》《发现是成功的必要前提》《发现自我》《重在发现》《有感于发现》《发现——创新》《发现和奋斗》等等。当然，该作文题也可写成说明文，如介绍所发现的某种物品的特征、功用等等。

三、从中得到启示

1、写师长、父母之爱的文章，该方面的内容容易写，但不易写好，如果写，应写得巧一点、结构上新一点，如范文《发现„„》。

2、最容易打开思路的是写幻想（或梦想）。可以不受时间、空间、内容的限制，信手拈来，为我所用。如：《神秘的发现》《奇怪的发现》《梦的发现》《科学新发现》《我发现了外星人》。如例文二《意外的发现》可为引玉之砖。但要注意的是，本身如果没有科幻方面知识的积累和写作的激情，切不可乱用科幻形式写作。

3、平时训练时，同学们应注意审题，开拓思路，见到新的题目后能迅速地和自己熟悉的材料挂上钩。这样，写作就会变难为易。

4、该类文题虽然同学们有话可说，但也易于给大家造成误解，以为作文不必下大的功夫就可得一般或较好的分数。因为该类题目可写的内容太多，面太宽。这实在是一种误解。事实上，今后作文题趋势可能是：既让学生有话可说，又要经过平时刻苦训练才能写好，真正能反映出学生的写作水平。

【范文一】

发现„„

生活中，许许多多的事情在不断地被我发现着„„

妈妈是个非常爱干净的人。洗衣服是宁可不吃不睡也非做不可的“工作”，她把脏衣服放在洗衣板上，揉呀，搓呀，时时还用沾满泡沫的手擦擦额上的汗捶捶发酸的腰。妈妈洗衣的情景，犹如电影里的一个镜头，不断地“播放”着。终于有一天，我拿着自己的脏手帕，趁妈妈不注意，偷偷地去洗。费了九牛二虎之力，终于把手帕洗干净了，我吁了一口气。这时，我发现早已倚在门边的妈妈的脸上，露出了欣慰的笑容。

爸爸非常关心我的学习，经常了解我的学习情况，可他从不陪读，也不检查作业。他总说：“我相信孩子。”我听了这话，精神上有了一种莫名的动力——一定要好好学。我用自己的成绩证明了这一切。当我把大红的证书捧给爸爸时，我发现，不爱笑的爸爸脸上浮现出了灿烂的笑容。

奶奶七十多岁了，她非常疼爱我，姑姑来看望她时，总会带来许多好吃的东西，而奶奶总是舍不得自己吃。她说：“让我的乖孙女吃吧，好长大个子。”我明白奶奶对我的爱。于是我拼命地投稿，用得来的稿费买了一袋奶粉，当我把奶粉放在奶奶眼前时，我发现她那本已混浊的眼睛里闪出晶莹的泪花。

发现，使我看到了妈妈的欣慰；发现，使我懂得了爸爸的希望；发现，让我回报了奶奶的疼爱。发现，„„

【简 评】

开门点题，简洁明快；结尾扣题，归结全文，此生深得作文技法之妙！主体部分写了三件事，妈妈的勤劳影响了我，当我学会了生活自理的本领时，我发现了妈妈的笑容；爸爸的循循善诱使我得到了学习的动力，当我的学习获得了优异成绩时，我发现了爸爸的希望；当我明白了奶奶的疼爱，用稿费买了奶粉孝敬奶奶时，我发现了奶奶眼里晶莹的泪花„„ 如此短暂的时间，作者能把爸爸、妈妈、奶奶的爱和我对爱的发现和回报融在一起写，是需要有扎实的写作功底的。

高考作文高分宝典 第一编（概述）目标与现实是路上的两位行人，现实看目标的背影很熟悉，就想追上去看上究竟。但现实走得快，目标也走得快，怎么也追不上，只好在后面大喊“站住”。在目标迟疑的瞬间，现实一下赶上去抓住目标，一看却是与自己相同面貌的人，只是成熟一些。现实很失望，也累了，就停了下来。目标却一言不发仍然向前走。现实醒悟后又大步追了上去„„

“上帝待人是公平的”话题作文写作示例

[题目]上帝待人是公平的：它给了拿破仑一米五的小个子，却给了他非凡的才智；它让梵高一生困苦，却赋予他绘画的热情和天才；它给史铁生残缺的肢体，却赠予他一支生花妙笔。所以，我们不能抱怨上帝，抱怨生活，应多从自身找原因。

请以“上帝公平待人”为话题写一篇文章，题目自拟，文体自定，主题不限，不少于800字。

[写作指津]本话题的写作也是较宽泛的，只要扣住“我们不能抱怨上帝，抱怨生活，应多从自身找原因”就行了。是啊，上帝待人是公平的，它多给你一份美貌，就会少给你一份智慧；它多给你一份智慧，就会多给你一些磨难；它多给你一份财富，就可能让你享受不到真正的幸福和快乐。因此，我们只要从生活实际出发，从自身实际出发，就可以写出脍炙人口的美文佳作。[例文] 寻找幸福

不是苦难太多，只是我们不懂生活；不是幸福太少，只是我们不懂把握。

也许上天没有赐予你爱因斯坦的聪明才智；王昭君的闭花羞月、沉鱼落雁；梦娜丽莎的端庄与神秘；也没有赐予你比尔盖茨的财富；小布什的权力以及居里夫人的荣誉，但你有没有想过，你也是一位富有者呢？

也许你要说：“我既没有金钱，也没有权力；既没有过人的才智，也没有骄人的容颜，我怎么会是一个富有者呢？”请你先坐下来，仔细想一想。

你不因为自己拥有一双明亮的眼睛而庆幸吗？当你悠闲地观看着蓝的天、白的云、红的花、绿的叶时，不知道有多少盲人正在黑暗的无底洞里苦苦挣扎。你的不经意的一瞥，可能是他们一辈子的渴望和祈求。

你不因为自己的父母亲仍然健康地在你的身边而欢喜吗？当冬日里妈妈为你穿上她亲手打好的毛衣时，当夏日里父亲为你端上一杯凉白开水时，不知有多少的孤儿在等待，在沉思，他们可能一辈子也不能够享受到这浓浓的亲情，他们可能一生也无法体味到其中的甜蜜。

你不因为自己正坐在宽敞明亮的教室里接受知识的灌溉而自豪吗？你有没有想到穷困山区里的儿童对学习是多么的神往？你有没有意识到辍学儿童对校园的痴望？你又有没有意识到知识带给你的将是多么宝贵的财富？

你不因为自己仍活在这个世上而庆幸吗？你有没有看到过死亡线上苦苦挣扎的人对生命的渴望？你有没有想过只要活在这个世上，你就拥有了多少有意义、有价值的财产？像时间、亲情、友情乃至爱情。

上帝待人是公平的，它可能会给你一座高山，但高山过后，它会送给你饱经风霜磨练后的坚强意志；它可能会给你一处暗礁，但暗礁之后，它也会送给你一些美丽的浪花；同样，它也可能送给你一些娇艳欲滴的玫瑰，但与此同时，也会送给你浑身带刺的花茎，让你体会到刻骨铭心的痛。不是吗？它给了拿破仑一米五的小个子，却给了他非凡的才智；它让梵高一生的困苦，却赋予他绘画的热情和天才；它给了史铁生残缺的肢体，却赠予他一支生花妙笔。同样，它给了杨贵妃倾城倾国的美貌，却给了她自行绞杀的惨果；它给了胡长清至高无上的权力，却给了他人人唾骂的结局。

所以，不必再抱怨上帝的不公。只有珍惜你所拥有的，善于从生活中寻找

高考作文高分宝典 第一编（概述）[阅读材料] 有人认为财富就是“万能”的金钱，有人认为财富是美丽的精神家园。山间明月、石上清流是隐士的财富；宇宙奥秘、人间万物是智者的财富；音乐是贝多芬、莫扎特的财富；色彩却是达·芬奇、莫奈的财富；齐白石的财富是虾；徐悲鸿的财富是马。总之，每个人都有自己的财富，甚至某种痛苦的经历也是一笔宝贵的财富。

你的财富是什么呢？请以“我的财富”为话题，写一篇文章，文体不限，题目自拟，不少于600字。

[审题突破]“我的”是指我通过努力而获得的，我拥有的，别人没有的，对我的人生产生巨大影响力的东西。根据题意，“我的”是“财富”的限制词，文中必须写出什么是我的财富，为什么是“我的”财富，即“我”同自己拥有的“财富”之间的情缘或一段动人的故事，显然，这是一篇要求写出个人情感体验的文章。但有的考生把“书籍”、“时间”作为“我的财富”，就不符合题意，因为“书籍”、“时间”是人类共同的财富，而如果把书籍中的一本书如《鲁滨逊飘流记》作为“我的财富”，从中引出故事，写出“我”对这本书的感情，既扣住题意，也不失为一篇好文章，因为此书就他人来说，未必成为“财富”，而你却情有独钟，文章就有了“我”的个性色彩。此外，一本照相册，一叠剪报本，一枚邮票，乃至一双草鞋，都可作为“财富”来写，关键是要写出为什么是“我的财富”而不是一般意义上的“谈财富”，这就是《我的财富》蕴含的要求。

写好本篇文章，立意选材是关键。要结合自己的人生经历、体验以及人生态度来写，立意要高远，情感要真挚；要选取独特新颖的题材，符合中学生生活的实际，能表现青年人的风貌和志趣。围绕“我的财富”积极思索，神驰八极，心游万仞，思路自然纵横豁然：可以写“我的财富”是书，表现书给予“我”知识、精神等方面的滋养；可以写“我的财富”是我那能够博览古今、与众生交谈的心灵；可以写“我的财富”是“我”的挚友，因为他陪伴着“我”成长，和“我”一起品尝人生的滋味„„

文体自选，当然应该选择你自己擅长的文体。作文功底好的同学，可以写抒情散文；想像力丰富的同学，可以灵活运用童话体、寓言体等，不一而足。不得抄袭或宿构这一限制性要求，是为了保证作文真实性的需要。要能够表现青年人的风貌和志趣，要注意选材的独特和新颖。这些在此不再赘述。[语言亮点] 下面介绍几种常见的，能起到较好效果的开头方式。

1、我欣喜，我庆幸，因为我有一笔属于我的财富。财富者，总不外乎精神和物质。而我的财富，却是书。

2、我的财富，是家境的贫寒和生活的艰辛。

3、英国的皇冠是伊丽莎白女皇的财富，《呐喊》和《彷徨》是鲁迅的财富，“奉献我一人，方便千万家”是徐虎的精神财富。我的财富是什么？我没有万贯家财，没有“兴酣落笔摇五岳，诗人笑傲凌沧州”的文采与气度，我所拥有的只是成堆成堆古今中外的各种书籍，以及我对书孜孜不倦的热忱与钟爱。

4、我时常不由自主地想：什么是财富呢？是财大气粗？不！是生活优越？不！是权倾四海？不，都不是！那么，财富是什么？我的财富又是什么？百思不解时，我缓缓开启了记忆的闸门„„

5、不经过挫折，怎知道生活之艰难；不经过创伤，怎知道命运之真谛；只有当生命与苦难结缘，才知道，苦难其实也是一笔丰厚的财富。

6、财富是什么？或许每个人的回答都不一样。音乐家认为自己的音乐就是财富；作家认为自己的作品就是财富；画家认为自己的画作就是财富；我认为

1高考作文高分宝典 第一编（概述）阅读下面的材料，根据要求作文：

德国著名生理学家隆涅在92岁时，获得了国家颁发的荣誉奖章。在颁奖大会上，他发表了一个极漂亮的演说：“我发现，出席今天会议的人都希望永远年轻，既然如此，对我们来说，最重要的就是节省自己的精力，使自己延缓衰老，青春永驻，也只有这样，才能在科学上取得更多的成就。而我的研究表明，一个人皱一下眉头需要牵动30块肌肉，但笑一下则只需牵动13块肌肉，可见笑一下所消耗的能量要比皱一下眉头省得多。再说，皱眉头是在紧缩肌肉，而笑是在舒展肌肉，两者的功能是如此不同，既然如此，我亲爱的同行，笑吧！”

笑，是人的生理本能，“笑对”则是一种人生态度，是一种胸襟气度，是一种对既定现实或顺境或逆境的超越性反思，是一种为寻求某种目标而对现实采取的人生策略。在你的生活中，有没有这种情景的出现，你是怎样选择“笑对”的，你对这种选择有什么评价？请以“笑对”为题，写一篇作文，或发表见解，或抒情，或编写故事。

要求：①立意自定；②文体自选；③题目自拟；④不准抄袭；⑤不少于800字。

[审题提示]所给的材料是为了引出话题，这段文字表面上是在说“笑与皱眉头”之间在生理功能上的不同，实质上是在提倡一种积极的人生态度。“笑对”不是对事情采取的那种无原则、无所谓的“付之一笑”，也不是以不变应万变的圆滑的“待之以笑”，更不是去讨论这个世界上有“笑”的分类、笑的历史、笑的哲学、笑的妙用（因为这次作文中都有为数不少的学生写这些话题），而是在困境面前经过深入思考之后的以一种积极应对的人生态度。

这种困境可能是自己人生或家庭发生重大变故或转折，也可能是自己阅读中某一个人物所经历的；“笑对”无论是深思熟虑之后的选择，还是在某一种事物激发之后的顿悟，还是“潜意识”中的冥冥注定，都应该是思想积极、情感真挚的，而不是为了笑对而笑对。

材料中故事发生在特定的情境之中，而“笑对”与否更多的是发生在日常的生活中，审题应更多地关注常态下特定的生活场景，但是有不少文章受寓言故事影响，不是选择现实的或历史的或文学中趋向现实主义的场景，而是用童话的、科幻的、寓言的方式来写，这就需要在写作时，充分注意特定的场景，和扣住人生重要关头的选择发议论或编故事；还有的文章以重大事件（政治、军事、外交等）为文章的核心话题，那么，要把握好“笑对”在这个时候不仅仅是一种人生的态度，可能更是双方对抗的策略了，要充分处理好“在紧急关头，出于国家利益和民族利益而必须的权变”。

如果实在需要写到那些阴暗的颓废的灰色的，则要把握好自己情感基调和思想立场。

“心境”话题作文导写 [话题]苏东坡与惠崇和尚戏语，苏东坡说：“我看你像牛粪。”惠崇说：“我看你像如来。”苏东坡不解，这和尚怎么以德报怨呢？问其妹苏小妹。苏小妹说：“心存牛屎，看人都如牛屎；心存如来，看人都是如来。”东坡有所悟。

你以为苏东坡悟到了什么？它又给你怎样的启发？请联系实际，以“心境”为话题写一篇文章，立意自定，文体自选，题目自拟，不少于800字。

[导写]适当降低审题的难度，是近几年高考话题作文在命题上的一大特点，而作文审题难度的降低并不等于写作时不要审题。高考作文的批阅情况表明，立意的高下已成为拉开作文档次和衡量文章优劣的重要标准之一。

要使本次作文在立意上有深度，贵在分析。苏东坡与惠崇和尚看人的结果迥然不同，其原因何在？苏小妹的一番话道出了其中的原委——“心存牛屎，看人都如牛屎；心存如来，看人都是如来。”即看你心存之物为何，但材料中的

3高考作文高分宝典 第一编（概述）“欣赏”话题作文示例

【题目】请以“欣赏”为话题写一篇不少于800字的文章，可以编述故事，记叙经历，抒发感情，发表议论，展开想象等。

要求：①题目自拟 ②立意自定 ③文体自选

一、审题

话题作文虽然海阔凭鱼跃，天高任鸟飞，但是鱼不能跃入天空，鸟不能飞进水底。框限少，不等于没有框限。所以，审题是写作的第一要著。审题是一个由浅入深的过程。“浅”则审出显性信息；“深”则审出隐性信息。显性信息比较清楚：字数、表达、标题、立意、文体都有一定的要求。隐性信息那就是要紧紧地把握话题“欣赏”的内涵。所谓“欣赏”，就是享受美好事物，领略其中的趣味。写出你对美好事物的享受，写出其中的趣味，写出其中的感受，写出你自己的见解，这就是写作的重点，这就是题目所给我们的隐性要求。

二、立意

明确了题意，就要考虑打开思路、确定立意的问题。话题给我们提供了神驰遐想的广阔空间，怎样才能神思飞扬，出现异彩纷呈的局面呢？从小至今，我们肯定经历过许许多多美好的事物，从中也领略到了其中的趣味，比如欣赏多彩的生活，欣赏多姿的自然，欣赏永不言败的人生，欣赏在青春中熔炼出的生命或者欣赏寻求快意的心灵等等。这个话题的范围是很宽泛的，可谈人生、青春、生活，也可以写环境与自然，乃至经历过的点点滴滴，既可写你的，也可写他的，但都必须紧紧扣住话题“欣赏”，要通过享受美好事物，领略其中的趣味，谈出你的感受，谈出你的独到见解。面对众多的素材，我们要慧眼独具，从中筛选出感受深的、趣味浓的。要从小处入手，“喜人的春色不须多，万绿丛中一点红”即可。选好材料，要站得高，看得远，深入挖掘。立意不仅要明确，还要力求新颖深刻。比如欣赏音乐，不能通篇云山雾罩，只说些“三月不肉味”的话，而要点出美在何处。

三、定体

文体自选，是说选择适合你所要表达的内容的文体。开放性话题作文，并不是就可以随心所欲了，落实到你所写的文章，就要有明确的界定，写什么必须是什么，写什么必须像什么，而不能写成“大杂烩”。就本次习作而言，可记叙你感受美的经历，可议论欣赏的内涵意义，也可抒写你对美好事物的感受等。[例文] 倾听历史的心跳

一直在崇尚、向往着历史中那片诗词并发的芳草地。当李清照带着“人比黄花瘦”的容颜从历史中向我走来时；当岳飞的《满江红》激荡起我满腔的热血时„„我的心中便荡起阵阵激流。宋词，那古老的精华，已融入我的生命。

张潮在《幽梦影》里说过：“所谓美人者，以花为貌，以鸟为声，以月为神，以柳为态，以玉为骨，以冰雪为肤，以秋水为姿，以诗词为心。”我不去崇尚那种“美人”，也更没有那种精通诗词文赋的文人雅量。我只是用自己的心去咀嚼，去品味那或婉转缠绵，或雄浑悲壮的潜在词魂，在默默中倾听历史的心跳，让自己的血液流淌得更加奔放。

喜欢宋词，很欣赏它的那种明快的韵律。如蒋捷的“何日归家洗客袍，银字笙调，金字香烧，流光易把人抛，红了樱桃，绿了芭蕉”。读起来如行云流水，琅琅上口，字字清新隽永，绕耳不绝，让人忍不住地对此喜爱有加。

若领略了婉约派的似水柔情，便会深深地喜欢上它们的那种欲说还休，十咏三叹的韵味。才子柳永的《雨霖铃》便算得上是部经典之作。“„„今宵酒醒何处？杨柳岸晓风残月，此去经年，应是良辰美景虚设，便纵有千种风情，更与何人说？”柳永触龙颜而遭贬，不得不离开繁华的京都，登舟离开时，回望一眼这座让他失意，又爱又恨的都城，万般愁绪，万般滋味便涌上心头。无

5高考作文高分宝典 第一编（概述）才能拥有笑傲人生的旷达与潇洒。

执着是一场漫长的分期分批的投资，而成功是对这场投资的一次性回报。执着于自己所爱的事业，应是生命的价值与意义。

古有精卫鸟，相传为炎帝女，因为在东海游泳，不幸溺亡，经常衔西山之木去填东海，这就是精卫填海的传说，也是执着于人生目标的一个精神典型。为了我们的事业与生活，我们永远应该坚守执着，也许收获有迟有早，有大有小，但我们坚守执着的本身，就是一种人生的大收获。

欣赏执着，品味人生。如果说软弱是生命的悲哀和无奈，逃避是意志的沉沦和丧失，那么执着则是理想的升华和永恒。

“放 弃”话题训练题及例文

有一个孩子，伸手到一个装满榛果的瓶里去，他尽其所能地抓了一把榛果，当他想把手收回来时，手却被瓶口卡住了。他既不愿放弃榛果，又不能把手缩回来，不禁伤心地哭了起来。一个旁边的人对他说：“你知足些吧！只拿一半，让你的拳头小一些，那么你的手就可以很容易地拿出来了。” 在生活中，有时候只有放弃才能得到，但许多人却不明了二者的辩证关系，一味地想要获得，不想放弃，结果却什么也得不到。

请以“放弃”为话题，写一篇不少于800字的文章，题目自拟，文体不限。

【思路领航】

1.放弃是另一种形式的选择：我们离开家乡宁静的生活来到都市，是为了能更好地发展自我；我们放弃了城市安逸的生活来到偏僻的山村教书，是为了奉献自我；不收取贿赂，是为了清白为官，不卑躬屈膝，是为了一身正气„„ 2.生活中有的东西是可以放弃的，如虚名、小利、但有的东西却永远都不能放弃，比如尊严、责任等，这些都是人之为人的最根本的东西，放弃了它们，我们就会沦落为社会的渣滓。

3.通过一个人放弃的东西，我们可以看出这个人的性格和品质。钱学森放弃国外优越的条件，回到百废待兴的祖国，从中我们可以看到一代科学家的爱国情怀；一位老模范工人每每把自己应得的荣誉让给年青的一代，从中我们可以看到老一辈爱护青年、无悔奉献的高尚品质。

4.放弃的目的是为了获得。我们拒绝了游戏机的诱惑，是为了获得优秀的学业；我们放弃了青春期青涩的果子；是为了获得成熟的情感„„ 5.可以从放弃与获取的关系入手，展开自己的论述。[例文] 学会放弃

鸣蝉奋力地甩掉了外壳，因而获得了高空自由的歌唱；壁虎勇敢地挣断了尾巴，因而在危难中保全了它弱小的生命；算盘若填满自己的空位，变得座无虚席，将丧失自己的运算功能。

对那些不该拥有的东西，我们应该放弃。

现实生活是复杂的，而我们的承受力有限。如果大脑是一个仓库，不管仓库多大，一种东西充斥其中时，另一种东西定然无法进入。比如读书，当我们痴醉于金庸古龙梁羽生的刀光剑影中，我们又怎能专注于复杂的几何方阵，怎能用心于浩繁的英语单词呢？想读的和该读的，你必须在两者之间学会放弃。

人的一生中有很多事情需要作出类似的放弃。放弃应该放弃的，你便是智者。世界文豪高尔基在他的房间失火时，没有顾及家具、财产、衣物，甚至没有顾及生命，却从熊熊大火中救出了几箱书。他放弃了凡夫俗子眼中的财富，守住了那些启迪心智、净化心灵的真正的财富。而有些人，终生抱着“人为财死，鸟为食亡”的信条，追逐着金光闪闪的财宝。为了庸俗的追求，他们放弃了人格和道德，放弃了人性中的真善美。错误的放弃，使他们的一生龌龊卑鄙。

正确的放弃，往往需要青松秋菊般的高尚风格。据说安徽桐城有一条“六尺

7高考作文高分宝典 第一编（概述）“感恩”话题作文导写及示例 阅读下面材料，根据要求作文。

那是在洛杉矶郊县一所旅馆的早晨，我正在大堂的餐厅里就餐，发现自己的右前方有3个黑人孩子，在餐桌上埋头写着什么。当问他们在做什么时，老大回答说正在写感谢信。他一副理所当然的神情让我满脸疑惑。我愣了一阵后追问道：“写给谁的?”“给妈妈！”我心中的疑团一个未解一个又生。“为什么?”我又问道。“我们每天都写，这是我们每日必做的功课。”孩子回答。哪有每天都写感谢信的?真是不可思议!我凑过去看了一眼他们每人手下的那沓纸。老大在纸上写了八九行字，妹妹写了五六行，小弟弟只写了两三行。再细看其中的内容，却是诸如“路边的野花开得真漂亮”、“昨天吃的比萨饼很香”、“昨天妈妈给我讲了一个很有意思的故事”之类的简单句子。我心头一震。原来他们写给妈妈的感谢信不是专门感谢妈妈给他们帮了多大的忙，而是记录下他们幼小心灵中感觉很幸福的—点—滴。他们还不知道什么叫大恩大德，只知道对于每一件美好的事物都应心存感激。请就“感恩”为话题写一篇文章。

注意：①立意自定；②文体自选；③题目自拟；④不少于800字；⑤不得抄袭。

[思维点拨] “感恩”不一定要感谢大恩大德，“感恩”可以是一种生活态度，一种善于发现美并欣赏美的道德情操。我们应该感谢亲人、感谢朋友、感谢反对者、感谢陌生人，感谢集体、感谢国家、感谢人类、感谢自然。我们对许多我们认为是理所当然的事都应怀有一颗“感恩的心”。人生在世，不如意事十有八九。如果我们囿于这种“不如意”之中，终日惴惴不安，那生活就会索然无趣。忘恩原是天性，它像随地生长的杂草；感恩则犹如玫瑰，需要细心栽培及爱心的滋润，并将感恩之心付诸行动。既要心存感激，也要能学会回报，将感恩之心付诸行动。

[例文] 关于感恩的思考

“感恩”是个舶来词，“感恩”二字，牛津字典给的定义是：“乐于把得到好处的感激呈现出来且回馈他人”。“感恩”是因为我们生活在这个世界上，一切的一切包括一草一木都对我们有恩情！

“感恩”是一种认同。这种认同应该是我们心灵里的一种认同。我们生活在大自然里，大自然给予我们的恩赐太多。没有大自然谁也活不下去，这是最简单的道理。对太阳的“感恩”，那是我们对温暖的领悟；对蓝天的“感恩”，那是我们对纯净的认可；对草原的“感恩”，那是我们对“野火烧不尽，春风吹又生”的顽强的叹服；对大海的“感恩”，那是我们对兼收并蓄的一种倾听。“感恩”是一种回报。我们从母亲的子宫里走出，而后母亲用乳汁将我们哺育。而更伟大的是母亲从不希望她得到什么。就像太阳每天都会把她的温暖给予我们，从不要求回报，但是我们必须明白“感恩”。

“感恩”是一种钦佩。这种钦佩应该是从我们血管里喷涌出的一种钦佩。“感恩”之心，就是对世间所有人所有事物给予自己的帮助表示感激，铭记在心；“感恩”之心，是我们每个人生活中不可或缺的阳光雨露。无论你是何等的尊贵，或是怎样的卑微；无论你生活在何地何处，或是你有着怎样特别的生活经历，只要你胸中常常怀着一颗感恩的心，随之而来的，就必然会不断地涌动着诸如温暖、自信、坚定、善良等等这些美好的处世品格。自然而然地，你的生活中便有了一处处动人的风景。“感恩”是一种对恩惠心存感激的表示，是每一位不忘他人恩情的人萦绕心间的情感。学会感恩，是为了擦亮蒙尘的心灵而不致麻木；学会感恩，是为了

9高考作文高分宝典 第一编（概述）我应该感恩我的父母，是他们赐予我生命，把我养育；我应该感恩我的老师，是他们赐予我知识；我应该感恩于我的战友，我应该感恩于我的同学、朋友、同事，没他们的安慰，便没有我今天的欢笑；没有他们的支持，便没有我今天的坚强和成就。学会感恩，并不是为了得到什么，只是希望自己能好好地学习，好好地做人，以感恩的心回报社会。我想我早就应该要学会感恩，因为在这个世界上，有太多的人，曾经给我太多的恩惠，因此，我敬佩好人和感恩的人。

最后我还得说，对我们老师、我们学校、我们祖国表示由衷的感谢！感谢他们为我们提供了这么好的学习环境，使我们能健康快乐地成长。同学们！让我们共同珍惜这美好的学习机会，让我们感恩我们的老师、我们的学校、我们的祖国吧！感恩我们应该感恩的一切。

阅读下面材料，请以“幸福”为话题写一篇文章（文体不限，800字左右）。渔夫躺在沙滩上晒太阳，富人走过来说：“你为什么不去工作，而要在这里浪费时间呢？”渔夫问：“我为什么要去工作？”富人说：“赚足够的钱，可以拥有自己的事业，有汽车和房子。”“那么有了钱又能干什么呢？”渔夫不明白。

“可以去夏威夷海滩度假！”富人回答得很快。“那么，我现在又在干什么？”渔夫说。

[例文] 感受幸福

从前，一个富人和一个穷人谈论什么是幸福。富人望着穷人破旧的茅舍和朴素的穿着，轻蔑地说：“你这怎么能叫幸福？我有百间豪宅、千名奴仆、万两黄金，那才叫幸福呢！”后来，一把大火把富人的豪宅烧得片瓦不留，痛恨他的奴仆们也各奔东西。一夜间，富人沦为乞丐。一年夏天，烈日炎炎，汗流浃背的乞丐路过穷人破旧的茅舍，穷人端着一大碗凉水，问他：“你现在认为什么是幸福？” 乞丐说：“幸福就是此时你手中的这碗水。”

其实，幸福是一种人生态度，它来自于心灵的洞开。它可以是在阴沉的夜晚回到家时妻子温暖的笑脸，可以是一帧泛黄的全家福，可以是一曲肯尼基的《回家》，可以是一声祝福、一页飞鸿、一丝乡音、一份牵挂、一种给予、一种付出、一种阅历、一种感悟，关键是我们要有一颗善良而感知的心。

幸福来自于热爱生活——温馨和谐中有幸福；浪漫潇洒中有幸福；辛苦劳累中有幸福；平淡真实中有幸福。

幸福缘于内心的平和——平平地过日子，淡淡地生活，这种真实的平淡，正是隐藏在我们身边不曾留意而又苦苦寻觅的幸福。

幸福是我们对生活的那份从容——窘迫时勇挑家庭重担是种幸福；清贫之家儿女成材是种幸福；家人和美、身体健康是种幸福；同事友爱、友邻和睦是种幸福；甚至生病住院时亲人焦急的眼神何尝又不是种幸福。只要热爱生活，心存感激，幸福就会像空气像阳光时刻围绕着我们。

幸福有如一杯醇醇的浓茶——苦涩中透出一缕淡淡的清香；幸福又似一杯既香且醇的美酒，饮一口，便醉你一生。

我们曾经见过路旁自由绽放的野花，不雕琢、不经意、不做作、无拘无束，花开不声张，花落不叹息，该是怎样的幸福啊！我们何不学学无名的野花——无心争名，无意逐利；花开只为我心，花落不伤情怀。

拥有一份属于自己的心境，过一种真纯自在的生活。因为，幸福不是看在别人的眼里，而永远开在自己的心中。

高考作文话题“事业与亲情”导写

【话题】阅读下面材料，根据要求作文。

1高考作文高分宝典 第一编（概述）岩》《母亲》《钢铁是怎样炼成的》《牛虻》等名著，曾影响过多少人，教育过多少人，鼓舞过多少人！爱读书的同学，你有过给你智慧、信念和力量，使你魂牵梦萦的读书体验吗？

请以“我的读书体验”为话题写一篇作文。文体自选，题目自拟，不少于800字。

[提示]“我的读书体验”这是一个有价值的话题，而且并不难写。写作时可以考虑多种文体：

一、记叙文。可叙述经历或故事，如“书伴我成长”“与书一起走过的日子”，在叙述过程中，可适当穿插议论。

二、散文。散文选材自由，易于抒发主观感受，切近“我的读书体验”这一话题。

三、议论文。可以对与书有关的问题提出看法和主张。需要注意的是，作文中要突出“我”，写出自己的体会。

四、说明文。比如“我的读书方法”“我是怎样藏书的”等等。话题作文：规则意识 阅读下面的材料，按要求作文。

说起规则意识，对外经济贸易合作部副部长、中国WTO首席谈判代表龙永图曾介绍过他的一次经历。有一次在瑞士，他和几个朋友去公园散步，上厕所时，听到隔壁卫生间里“砰砰”地响，他有点纳闷。出来后，附近一个女士很着急地问他有没有看到她的孩子。她说孩子进厕所十多分钟了，还没有出来，她又不能进去找。于是龙永图想起了隔壁卫生间的响声。出于友善，他便折回洗手间，打开那个厕所的门。他看到一个七八岁的小孩正在修抽水马桶，怎么弄都冲不出水来，急得满头大汗。原来，那个小孩觉得他上厕所不冲水是犯了规则。

故事中小孩强烈的规则意识一定使你感触良多，那么，就请以“规则意识”为话题写一篇文章，可以写你的经历、体验、认识和信念，也可以编写故事、寓言等等。

【导写】话题材料以一个较为完整的故事，对“规则意识”的意蕴作了生动的演绎。故事的点睛之笔是“小孩觉得他上厕所不冲水是犯了规则”。通过以上解读可以知道，这里的“规则”应理解为“责任、义务”，小孩的所作所为是在对社会公德尽维护的责任，而且这种维护是自觉的、习惯的，是不需要任何外力强迫的。因此，可以说“规则意识”就是一个人为使社会能正常运行乃至进步而自觉地尽各种责任、义务的习惯，其中自然包括自觉维护社会公德的责任。这就是话题的内涵所在，只有挖掘出这一内涵，作文的立意才可能深刻起来。

需要明确的是，“规则意识”重在意识，重在自觉和习惯，因此不管写记叙文还是议论文，都应把履行责任和义务的自觉性作为重点加以凸现，不能把它简单地写成对校纪校规或别的什么游戏规则的被动遵守，否则文章立意就失之偏颇了。具体的写作角度有：

1、我们每个人都要积极培养对生活、工作、社会的“规则意识”，做一个讲规则、守规则的社会人。

2、社会是一个整体，人与人之间自觉遵守规则，就会使生活变得愉快、和谐和安定。

3、我们的企业如果不能形成这样的规则意识和社会责任感，我们的市场经济体制就很难建立起来。

4、对照以上的“规则意识”看中国的企业管理，会发现我们的管理制度还不完善，亟待改进。

3高考作文高分宝典 第一编（概述）敢不从实招来？在正义的威严下，浮于言表的虚伪和假象，只能是弱不禁风的衰草。

正气，是催人奋进的策鞭，是抵制腐朽的良药。李太白一句“安能摧眉折腰事权贵，使我不得开心颜”，蕴涵着多少不媚世俗的正气，激励了多少傲岸的灵魂？周敦颐的“中通外直，不蔓不枝，香远益清，亭亭净植”，又指引着多少寻求高洁的心灵？正气，从骨子里透露出来的惊骇世俗的正气，常常能使人悬崖勒马，以免坠入黑暗和罪恶的深渊。

正气，是铁骨铮铮的誓言，是高尚人格的凝结。文天祥宁死不降，视死如归的正气使他吟出了“人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青”的不朽诗篇，使他经受住了“身世雨打萍”，奔走各地几乎“无不死”的悲惨遭遇。正气是一把利斧，带上它，便能披荆斩棘，无所畏惧；正气是一斗清酒，饮下它，能将一切险恶都看作鸿毛。

正气，是满腔热血的真爱„„

正气，是高驻崖头的松柏„„

正气，是亘古不失的节操„„

我脚踏着厚土，怀揣着生命的乐章和真谛，义无返顾地迈向那遥远的地平线。身后，是一串深深的脚印„„ [点评] 这篇议论性散文主旨鲜明，行文洒脱。作者紧紧围绕“正气——生命的真谛”这一中心，结合典型事例抒写感受和认识。文笔优美无疑是本文最大的特点。骈散句式的灵活结合，名言警句的精当引用，比喻、排比、反问等修辞手法的大量运用，显示了作者较强的驾驭语言的能力，使全篇富于文采，一气呵成。在考场有限的时间内能写出如此潇洒的作文，令人赞叹。话题作文“与名人对话”导写示例 阅读下面的提示，按要求作文。

如果有一种“时空转移心灵交流器”，能把你想说的话传递给古今中外任何一位名人，那么，你将选择哪一位名人向他倾吐心声呢？

请以“与名人对话”为话题写一篇文章。要求：

1、话题中的“名人”可以是某位历史人物，也可以是文学作品中的某个艺术形象。

2、除诗歌外文体不限。

3、题目自拟。

4、不少于800字。

[导写]这个话题重点考查习作者的想象力和认识水平，它鼓励考生扩大课外阅读，积极展开创造性思维（特别是大胆发挥想象）。事实上，这类“与名人对话”的典范之作并不少见。如杂文名篇《谏屈原书》，开篇即对屈原“为了区区楚王，而轻掷千钧之躯”的举动提出异议，接着向屈原献上“三策”——“弃官从文”“半官半谑”“为官则油”，也就是要屈原同流合污、丧失人格以谋求一己之私，甚至弄虚作假、误国害民。这当然是借古讽今，深刻批判了当前社会上某些不正之风。其妙处在于文章主题是通过写信规劝古人的方式揭示的，独具机智幽默之美。又如中学生优秀习作《冷月祭诗魂》，由“赠苏东坡”“致李商隐”“赠李白”三部分组成，形式新颖别致，而且巧妙化用古诗词名句入文，文笔优美，挥洒自如。

写好本文的关键是选择与谁对话。内容上既可以从大处落笔，也可以就某一具体问题进行探讨、商榷；体裁上可以灵活多样，比如写成书信、采访记、童话、小剧本等。

话题作文《飞翔》导写 阅读下列提示，按要求作文。

飞翔是一种动作，飞翔是一个过程。苍鹰的飞翔是力的象征，天鹅的飞翔是美的展示，而人类的飞翔则是一种对历史的超越，对未来的追求，是心灵与智

5高考作文高分宝典 第一编（概述）理、奥秘„„它更多的是注重“寻找”的过程。对于那些具有美感和哲理的东西，我们也许能够找到，也许一时还找不到，但是这并不重要，重要的是我们“寻找”的本身就带着思考，体现着人生的境界。这才是最有味道、最有价值的“寻找”！

参考拟题：

1、寻觅净土。

2、寻觅知音。

3、寻梦人生。话题作文《责任》导写

阅读下面一则题为《在生命的最后一分钟》的消息，按要求作文。

一名公交车司机行车途中突发心脏病，在生命的最后一分钟里，做了三件事：

——把车缓缓地停在马路边，并用生命的最后力气拉下了手动刹车闸；

——把车门打开，让乘客安全地下了车；

——将发动机熄火，确保了车和乘客、行人的安全。

他做完了这三件事，安详地趴在方向盘上停止了呼吸。这名司机叫黄志全，所有的大连人都记住了他的名字。读了上述材料，你一定感受到一种撼人心魄的力量，一定体会到什么叫强烈的责任感。

请你以“责任”为话题写一篇文章，文体自选，不少于800字。

【导写】作文时可以考虑多种写法：

1、写成读后感，赞扬黄志全“生命不息，尽责不止”的奉献精神，提倡加强责任感，搞好本职工作。在确立论点后，可以进行相同联想，例如一位生物学家在实验被毒蛇咬伤后，冷静地记录了自己临终前每一分钟的感受和生理反应，为后人留下了珍贵的第一手资料；例如“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”的名言。也可以进行相反联想，例如路易十四“我死后，哪管洪水滔天”的荒唐。行文中不能堆砌材料，要准确分析，为中心论点服务。

2、写成记叙文，叙述犯了错误后负起责任的一段经历，或描写逃避责任后的内疚与后悔。

3、夹叙夹议，谈十八岁是成熟的标志，也是责任的标志，这个责任是对自己的，也是对家庭的，更是对民族的，国家的，社会的，人类的。

4、写成小小说，揭露互相推诿、不负责任的世相，诠释领导干部、公务人员应承担起肩头责任的主题。

5、创新立意，谈责任是双向的，我们十分强调个人对社会的责任，也不能忽视了同样重要的另一方面——社会对个人的责任。比如，政府应为下岗工人建立必要的社会生活保障体系，等等。话题作文《争论》导写 阅读下列提示，按要求作文。

同学之间、师生之间、家庭成员之间，课堂上、社会上、历史上„„常常有争论：争论高下，争论长短，争论是非。古今中外，每个角落，都曾经并将继续充满着争论。

请你以“争论”为话题写一篇文章。立意自定，题目自拟，除诗歌外文体不限，不少于800字。

[导写] 构思本题，可以从大处着眼，把“争论”与治国、做人、做学问等相联系；也可以从小处着眼，专谈课堂上的“争论”或家庭成员之间的“争论”。可以从正面立意，指出“真理愈辩愈明，要敢于争论”；也可以从反面立意，指出“不争论，多干事，不陷入无意义的瞎扯”。

参考题目：

1、鸦雀无声

2、“不争论”：智慧的闪光

3、新“百家争鸣”。话题作文导写一例

阅读下面的材料，按要求作文。

有位老师对一名学习成绩优秀的同学说：你在小学考第一名，这不算什么，7高考作文高分宝典 第一编（概述）可以从历史上的“天涯”变成了今天的“咫尺”写起，表现科技的巨大进步；可以从“咫尺”与 “天涯”是一种抽象的心理距离出发，表现人与人的隔膜；可以写师生之间、官员和百姓之间的“零距离”接触，表现新型的人际关系；可以写万水千山隔不断的情爱、母爱和对祖国的爱；还可以从鉴赏的角度写距离产生美；从交往的角度写距离保持个体的相对独立性；从认知的角度写距离保证认识的客观性；从物理的角度写距离提供活动的舞台，距离保证安全等等。

题目：创意 下面是两则广告创意：

奔驰汽车的广告：遍布世界各地的奔驰车维修站，维修人员无事可干，闲得无聊。丰田汽车的广告：车到山前必有路，有路必有丰田车。创意，不仅仅在广告中，而且在企业的发展过程中，在社会生活的方方面面，无不体现出它的重要性。

请以“创意”为话题，写一篇不少于800字的文章，立意自定，文体不限，题目自拟。

[提示]本题可从以下几方面立意：

1、创意并不神秘，它得益于人们对生活的细致观察。如发明自来水笔的人就是看到蘸笔的不方便才有了“创意”。

2、创意是对传统观念、思维定势的挑战。

3、创意是时代对企业的要求。在当今信息爆炸的时代，各个企业要想在竞争中站稳脚跟，就必须不断推陈出新，引起人们的注意。

4、创意也要遵循人们的认识规律。如有些商家看到市场上起洋名的产品挺畅销，也灵机一动给自己的土特产起了个洋名，结果是不伦不类，弄巧成拙。

题目：精神

人类已迈入21世纪。科技的高度发展，为人类提供了丰富的物质财富。但作为有血有肉有感情的人，在物质生活之外，日益关注自己的精神生活，如文明修养、伦理道德、文化艺术等等。

请你以“精神”为话题，写一篇不少于800字的文章，除诗歌外文体不限，题目自拟。

[提示]题目已经对作文内容作了提示（文明修养、伦理道德、文化艺术等等）。写作时不管是议论物质与精神的关系，还是阐述守住精神家园的重要，都要有具体的实例和真切的感受，不能泛泛而谈，大而化之。

题目：宽容

材料一：有人骑一匹国马（指平时养于民间，战时由国家征用的马），另一人骑一匹骏马，两人一路同行。骏马咬伤了国马的脖颈，国马血流如注，但若无其事，行走自如。后来骏马回到家中，草不吃，水不饮，浑身颤抖。国马主人说：“它大概是为咬了国马而羞愧，我把国马牵来，劝劝它就好了。”国马奔来后，用鼻子亲近骏马，和骏马同槽共食，不到一个时辰，骏马就恢复如初了。

材料二：莎士比亚名剧《威尼斯商人》中有一段台词：“宽容就像天上的细雨滋润着大地。它赐福于宽容的人，也赐福于被宽容的人。我们应该学会对别人表现宽容„„”

对于“宽容”，你有怎样的体验与认识呢？请以此为话题写一篇文章，文体自选，题目自拟。

[提示]宽容”是宽大、有气量，不计较、不追究的意思。“宽以待人”“宽大为怀”，这是中国的古训，也是当今立足于社会、求得更好的发展的要求。要做到“宽容”，必须有开阔的胸襟与全局的眼光，必须破除等级观念。当然，9高考作文高分宝典 第一编（概述）是行人在空欢喜，正在万山圈子里呢，刚刚走完一山，迎面不是又有一山相拦吗？

请以”曲折“为话题写一篇文章。

要求： 1．文体不限，可以记叙经历、编述故事、抒发感情、发表议论、展开想像等。2． 题目自拟。3． 不少于800字。【思路领航】

1、事物发展都不是一帆风顺的，而是在曲折中发展、前进的。

2、我们的成长是曲折的。小时候固然有童年的欢乐，但也有疾病的侵袭；入学后有成绩优异时的高兴，也有成绩落后时的苦恼；还有与同学的矛盾、与家长的隔阂等等，每一步都伴随着曲折。

3、成功之路是曲折的。爱迪生发明电灯试验了上万种材料，歌德写《浮士德》用了六十年，宋祖英是从山沟中走出来的等等，每种成功都充满了艰辛与曲折。

4、创业之路是曲折的，如我国的社会主义事业，在第一个五年计划胜利完成之后，国内的政治形势便发生了变化：反右、大跃进、自然灾害、文革等，使经济建设几乎陷于停顿。经过十一届三中全会的整顿调整后，才走上正途并焕发出无限生机与活力。

5、面对曲折，我们要有挑战的勇气，要有必胜的信心等良好的心理素质，这样，我们才能不畏曲折，迎曲折而上。

【例文】 曲线美的提示

我曾一度很向往直线，老做着”平步青云“之类的美梦。可现实，却常常把我梦中的“直线”分割殆尽，使我举步维艰。

后来，我终于明白：曲线，无处不在，比直线更富于魅力。你瞧它：有弯曲，有转折，有流动的韵味，能引导你的眼睛作变化无穷的追逐，能引起你多元的思索„„曲线是美的，而美的东西，恰又往往由曲线构成。曲线的美，在于自然。

雄伟的山峦，是曲线；滔滔的大江，是曲线；皎洁澄清的明月，是曲线；波涛汹涌的大海，不也是曲线么„„

人类的历史跌宕起伏，有峰巅，也有深谷，可谓一条曲线。

一条无形而又无限延展的曲线。帝王将相，从这里经过，凡夫俗子，亦在这里繁衍。“读史使人明智”。人类历史这一曲线，给人启迪，让人清醒。它，犹如一面明镜，可映照出每个人、每个时代的美丑和兴衰。历史的起伏，是自然的，因为从人类茹毛饮血的年代起，历史的道路，就不是涅瓦街上的人行道，而是在荒野中前进，有时穿过尘埃，有时脚踩泥泞，有时横渡沼泽，有时，又行经丛林。历史这条曲线，显示了宏伟的美。

人生道路，也是一条曲线，坑坑洼洼，曲曲折折。它上面，既留有得意者的欢欣，也淌过失败者的泪水，既有顺利者的喜悦，又有受挫者的苦恼。在人生道路上，一帆风顺的幸运儿，也许有，但却少得可怜。而且，正由于人生像条曲线，生命才变得充实而有意义。当一个人，走完了自己的坎坷旅程而蓦然回首时，他定会为自己留下的曲折而执着的印迹而欣慰，对大千世界报以满意的一瞥„„人生的曲线，鼓人信心，给人希望，激人奋进，展示了人类奋斗的力量和力量的美。

青年作家陈建功说：“只要星星还在天空闪烁，我们就不必害怕生活的坎坷。”的确，既然人生是一条曲线，我们畏头缩颈又有何用？倒不如昂起头来，大踏步前进为好。

可是，生活中，总有那么一些人，爱把人生设想得阳光灿烂，风平浪静。可以想见，这些人的前途，是决不会春光明媚的。他没有奋斗的准备，又哪来胜利的甘甜？相反，那些能正确看待人生，成功面前不骄傲，挫折面前不气馁，1高考作文高分宝典 第一编（概述）的感悟，如“感悟飞瀑”，或对某一段时光的感悟，如“感悟高三”；甚至于可以是形容词，写对事物属性的感悟，如“感悟美丽”，叙写自己对美丽的感觉、感受与领悟，阐明什么是真正的美丽。可见这道题的写作视角是相当宽泛的，只要你能从心灵深处提取动人的“生活切片”，对题材进行深刻挖掘，就能写好这篇作文。

下面几种构思及点拨可作参考：

1、写议论文必须以具体形象为出发点，以对某一形象的感悟、阐发为主要内容。比如《感悟花芽》，可以写自己面对花芽时产生的联想，表达自己“愿做小小的花芽，让风雨的洗礼，催开成功的花朵”的观点，然后以别人看来“花芽太小，”、“花芽太嫩”、“花芽太弱”三句话，分别引出若干事例——有志不在年高的事例、少年身残志坚的事例、年少位卑也敢为国争光的事例，论证“花芽”虽小、嫩、弱，但历经奋斗磨炼，定能催开成功的花朵的道理。

2、写抒情散文必须让自己的情感与具体形象（细节）水乳交融。比如写《感悟高三》，构思时高三学习生活中的一幕幕情景会纷至沓来，浮现在眼前。写什么？高三生活最大的特点是什么？然后根据高三生活的一些特点，选取典型细节，在夹叙夹议中抒发感情。值得注意的是，抒情散文写作前酝酿感情极为重要。感情充沛，才能思如泉涌。

3、写记叙散文或小小说必须设置情节，安排人物。人物可以是“我”，也可以是“他（她）”，情节（或者说人物的命运）是文章的“感点”，人物的“感悟”一般在结尾“画龙点睛”，但高明的写法可以让人物的“感悟”贯串整个情节，在激烈的矛盾冲突中展现人物的性格特点。

第二篇：教师《面试高分宝典》之教师面试礼仪

教师《面试高分宝典》之教师面试礼仪在生活中，礼仪很大程度上显示出一个人所具有的素质及一定的教养，因此在教师招录面试过程中，教师礼仪起着很重要的作用，甚至在有的面试场合中还是面试考核内容的一部分。以下是中公讲师刘晓亮归纳整理的教师面试过程中最基本的礼仪，应试者尤其需要注意。

一、教师的基本姿势

(一)站姿——挺拔、轻松、自然

教师在面试过程中表现得最多的姿势就是站姿。良好的站姿能衬托出美好的气度和潇洒的风度。正确站姿的基本要求是：

1.抬头、双目向前平视，面带微笑。

2.胸腹距离拉长，双臂自然下垂，或相搭放置腹前。

3.躯干挺直，身体重心在两腿中间，不偏左也不偏右，两腿直立。男士自然开列，女士双膝靠拢,做到挺胸、收腹、立腰。不良的站姿：站立时缩脖、塌腰、耸肩，双手放在兜里或插在腰间。

(二)坐姿——端正、文雅、自如

正确的坐姿给人一种安祥庄重的印象。正确坐姿的基本要求是：

1.入坐时要轻要稳，双肩平正放松。女士双膝靠拢，男士双腿自然开列。女子入座前若是裙装，应用手稍拢一下。

2.面带笑容，上身自然挺直。

3.坐在椅子上，至少应坐满椅子的三分之二，脊背轻靠椅背。

4.起立时，右脚向后收半步，而后站起。

5.谈话时，身体不东倒西歪，不前倾后仰。上体与腿可以同时侧向对方。不良坐姿：两腿过分地叉开或长长地伸出去;跷起二郎腿;将双手放于臀下;腿脚经常抖动。

(三)步态——从容、平稳、轻盈、充满自信

正确的步态给人一种自信稳重的印象。正确的步态要求是：

1.双目平视，面带微笑，跨步均匀，上身挺直,步伐稳健有节奏感。

2.双膝靠近，两腿的内侧落地时轨迹近于一条直线。

不正确的步态：用脚蹭地面;手插裤兜走路;左顾右盼;大摇大摆或左右摇晃。

第三篇：河南教师招聘面试《高分宝典》：教案设计概述（xiexiebang推荐）

河南教师招聘面试《高分宝典》：教案设计概述

一、教案的内涵

教案是教师为顺利而有效地开展教学活动，根据课程标准的要求，以课时或课题为单位，对教学内容、教学步骤、教学方法等进行具体的安排和设计的一种实用性教学文书。教案通常又叫课时计划。它是上课的重要依据，通常包括：班级、学科、课题、上课时间、课的类型、教学方法、教学目的、教学内容、课的进程和时间分配等。有的教案还列有教具和现代化教学手段(如电影、投影、录像、录音等)的使用、作业题、板书设计和课后自我反思与评价等项目。由于学科和教材的性质﹑教学目的和课的类型不同，教案不必具有固定的形式。

在实际教学活动中，教案起着十分重要的作用。

二、教案的作用

(一)教案是教学活动的依据

写好教案是保证教学取得成功,提高教学质量的基本条件。教学过程是由教师的教和学生的学所组成的双边活动过程。提高教学质量包括两个方面的内容:一方面是指课程标准规定的,学生必须掌握的基础知识和技能、技巧，要深刻透彻河南教师资格网：http://he.zgjsks.com/

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地理解,并能牢固地记忆和熟练地掌握;另一方面要求学生在掌握规定的基础知识和技能、技巧的基础上,发挥学习的积极性和创造性,把所掌握的基础知识类推到有关问题中,去理解、分析、解决新的问题。要实现这样的目的,就要在授课前充分了解学生的认知规律和身心发展的规律,根据教学过程的具体特点,设计出合乎客观规律性的教学方案,有的放矢地进行教学。如果不认真书写教案,教学过程中必然目标模糊,心中无数,要求不当,随心所欲，而最终无法取得

好的教学效果。

(二)教案有利于教学水平的提高

认真编写教案是提高教学水平的重要过程。教师编写教案是一个研究教学大纲、教材、教学内容、学生及教法等因素的综合过程。在这个过程中,教师不仅要研究教材的知识体系、学生学习教材的状况(接受水平、心理特点和思维规律),而且要按照课程标准的精神,分析教材的编写意图和教材特点,分析教材的知识结构、体系和深广度,特别是要以整体为背景,分析各部分教材的特点,明确教材的要求,教材的重点难点,分析知识的价值功能,酝酿设计教学过程,确定教学方法。教学水平的提高,在很大程度上取决于对教材的钻研。

(三)教案有助于教研活动的开展

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编写教案是开展教学研究,提高教学研究能力的过程。教学过程从某种意义上讲是通过合理的方式把以教材为主体的知识传授给学生并达到培养能力、发展智力的目的。如何做到合理地传授是编写教案的关键,这就需要教师在编写教案时,不断地认真探究教材本身的知识系统和结构,深入研究学生的心理特征、学习水平及其认知规律,优选与教材内容和学生特点相适应的教学方法进行施教。因此,认真编写好教案,对于教师的教学研究、提高教学水平无疑是很有价值的。

三、怎样编写好教案

(一)钻研课程标准与教材,确定教学目的

在钻研课程标准与教材的基础上,掌握教材中的概念或原理在深度和广度方面的要求,理解教材的基本思想,确定本节课的教学目标。教学目标一般应包括：知识方面;智能方面;

思想教育方面。

教学过程是一个完整的系统,制订教学目标要根据课程标准的要求、教材内容、学生素质、教学手段等实际情况为出发

点,考虑其可能性。

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(二)明确本节课的内容在整个教材中的地位,确定教学重

点、难点

在钻研整个教材的基础上,明确本节课的内容在整个教材中的地位及重点和难点。所谓重点,是指关键性的知识,学生理解了它,其他问题就可迎刃而解。所谓难点是相对的,是指学生常常容易误解和不容易理解的部分。不同水平的学生有不同的难点。写教案时,主要考虑这样几类知识:概念抽象学生又缺乏感性认识的知识;思维定势带来的负迁移;现象复杂,文字概括性强的定律或定理;根据课程标准要求,不能或不必做深入阐述的知识;概念相通,方法相似的知识。

(三)组织教材,选择教法

根据教学原则和教材特点,结合学生的具体情况和学校设备条件来组织教材并考虑教法,初步构思整个教学过程。教材的组织是多种多样的,同一教材可以有不同的组织结构。但不论是哪一种结构都必须围绕中心内容,根据教材的内在联系贯穿重点,确定讲解的层次和步骤。同时,在选择教法上,还必须充分考虑如何集中学生的注意力,启发学生的积极思

维。

(四)设计教学程序及时间安排

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对于上课时如何通过复习旧知识引入新课题，新授课的内容如何展开，强调哪些重点内容，如何讲解难点，最后的巩固小结应如何进行等程序及其各部分所用的时间,都应在编写

教案前给予充分的考虑。

(五)设计好板书

板书是课堂教学的重要组成部分,因此在编写教案时应给予足够的重视。板书的设计可以从钻研分析教材的知识结构入手,也可以从分析学生的认知规律入手。

四、编写教案中要注意的几个问题(一)教案编写要求内容全面、完整、具体

整个教案编写应内容全面,环节完整,层次清楚,各部分的过渡衔接应自然顺畅,以确保教案在教学中的指导作用。若书写杂乱,不分层次,则教师在课堂上就无法及时准确地按教案的内容安排进行教学,直接影响教学质量的提高。(二)编写教案要重点掌握教学过程和教学方法的设计 编写教案的重点应是教学过程和教学方法的设计。因此在实际教学中应避免两种倾向：一种是教案写得过于简单,只写成提纲形式,这样不利于教师的课前准备和具体教学过程的河南教师资格网：http://he.zgjsks.com/

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实施;另一种是将教案写成繁琐的讲稿,造成上课时照本宣科,不利于灵活地把握教学进程。

(三)具体教学实施中，可对教案做必要的修改和调整 编写的教案是组织教学的依据,但在具体教学实施中,教案也不是绝对不可改变的,可根据课堂上的实际情况,做些必要的修改和调整,以适应情况的变化,更好地完成教学任务。

(四)重视教学后记的作用

教学后记是教案的一个组成部分,要认真填写教学计划的执行情况,效果如何,有什么经验教训,原因是什么,应如何改进等等，以便不断积累和总结教学经验,提高教学水平。

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第四篇：高考作文高分技巧之引用篇

高 考考 作作 文文 高高 分分 技技 巧巧 高古人常说，“腹有诗书气自华。”古典诗文蕴含着深厚的文化底蕴和情感资源，妙用古诗文可以激活语言表达，彰显文章底蕴，使文章散发出浓浓的书卷气和文化气。这无疑是高考作文“出彩”、“创新”的一条有效便捷的途径。那么，怎样借用古诗文来为你的高考作文增辉添色呢？

一、妙引古诗文名句出彩

这是高考作文中最常见的方式，可引用分为局部引用和全篇引用。

（一）局部引用。就是在文章的局部位置引用古典诗文名句，如文章的标题、题记、首段和末尾等。这些地方所处的位置比较突出、醒目，容易引发读者的关注，给他们留下较好的印象。

在文章标题处引用古诗文名句，能让题目显得典雅蕴藉，富有文学情趣，起到耀人眼目、催人卒读之功。如03年福建考生的《月是故乡明》，引用杜甫名句作为标题，不仅紧扣“感情的亲疏远近和对事物的认知”这一作文话题，而且表达得更有韵味；04年福建考生的《一蓑风雨任平生》，引用苏轼《定**》语句，作为题目，既紧扣所选的历史人物，贴切凝练，又昭示文章题旨，写出了苏轼的豁达与超脱，可谓“一石双鸟”。

在文章开头嵌入诗词佳句，以此领起全篇，则能够使语言显得凝练精辟，更能让阅卷者立刻“窥”到作者的文化积淀和人文素养，给他们留下较佳的第一印象。如2004年陕西考生的《寻找快乐，精彩人生》的开头：

“漫步于秋日落叶徐徐的小径上，不禁吟了一句：„无边落叶萧萧下，不尽愁绪滚滚来。‟慨叹落叶的悲哀与不幸。其实，落叶的生命或许就是这样，只求得春日繁茂，秋日落英缤纷。换个思维方式，龚自珍曾说过„落红不是无情物，化作春泥更护花‟嘛！我们应该欣喜，享受落英缤纷的秋景。”

这个开头由情景入手，化用杜甫的“无边落木萧萧下，不尽长江滚滚来”，自然引出对落叶的联想，然后再引用龚自珍的名句，恰当地诠释了“快乐幸福与我们的思维方式”这一哲理话题的内涵。这样处理，使文章在开头便显得意蕴深刻，诗意灵动，从而避免了“开门见山”式说理可能会有的干巴枯燥。

在文章收尾处引用古典诗文，则具有画龙点睛之效，能够启人心智、升华主题，收到言有尽而意无穷的表达效果，令读者掩卷沉思，回味无穷。如04年福建考生《照海倚天》的结尾：

“君不见黄河之水天上来，奔流到海不复回，君不见高堂明镜悲白发，朝如青丝暮成雪。”流年似水，时光如电地过去，也许，只有历史才能让“无字碑头镌字满”，也许也只有历史，才能最好地诠释曾国藩在天京城破黄袍欲加身之时写尽生平心境的一句话：倚天照海花无数，流水高山心自知。

三处引用贴切自然不显斧凿，使文章文采飞扬，情理交辉，意蕴深远，辨证而深刻地评价了曾国藩这一历史人物，实在是一记漂亮有力的“豹尾”。

（二）全篇引用。既指整段之内大量引用，又指全文各段大量引用。由于古典诗文具有的深厚的文化积淀，大量、多处的引用，将能大大提升文章的文化品质和审美趣味，充实文章的底蕴。整段引用的如：

“寂寞是什么?曾几何时，有李白„举杯邀明月，对影成三人‟，也许，寂寞便是皓月当空，好风如水，万籁俱寂时形影相吊的那种感觉吧!曾几何时，有李后主感慨„无言独上西楼，月如钩，寂寞梧桐深院锁清秋‟，也许，寂寞正是深宫大院，国愁家愁人也愁的情丝纠缠吧!曾几何时，有陈子昂感叹„前不见古人，后不见来者，念天地之悠悠，独怆然而涕下‟，也许，寂寞就是芳草依旧，天涯依旧，物是人非的空虚心境吧!于是，我问月亮，广寒宫的嫦娥告诉我，寂寞是„云母屏风烛影深，长河渐落晓星辰‟的„碧海青天夜夜心‟。寂寞到底是什么?我无法回答。”

——2000年高考优秀作文《寂寞的意韵》

一段之内五处引用诗词名句，以此作为文章情感和义理的载体，让“寂寞”具有了深刻的文化内涵，既为文章增添了亮丽的色彩，也增强了论证的说服力和感染力，使文章底蕴厚实，充满典雅蕴藉的诗意和丰富的人文气息。

而全篇引用的，2003四川省高考优秀作文《只缘身在此山中》则可称得上是典范之作了。该文以苏轼名句作为标题，非常恰切地暗扣作文话题“感情亲疏与对事物的认知”；紧接着引用崔护的诗句“去年今日此门中，人面桃花相映红。人面不知何处去，桃花依旧笑春风”，自然引出对“情感与认知”关系的认识，确立文章主旨；然后紧承首段，引用了李清照的《如梦令（昨夜雨疏风骤）》、杜甫的《茅屋为秋风所破歌》、苏轼的《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》、杜牧的《赤壁》，从几个角度来进一步阐述主旨，形象生动而不乏理性；末尾再以苏轼的“不识庐山真面目”收结全文。综观全文，恰到好处的引用、嵌入古典诗词，使哲理思考和情感抒发传达得深刻而有底蕴，让文章拥有了较高的文化品位。

《只缘身在此山中》

“去年今日此门中，人面桃花相映红。人面不知何处去，桃花依旧笑春风。”诗人把毫无思想感情的桃花看作“笑春风”而发出感慨，恐怕缘于“人面桃花相映红”。诗人对于桃花的认识，也出于爱屋及乌而有所专属。由此观之，人们对于事物的认识，是不乏感情因素的。

人类的感情丰富，或憎或爱，或欣喜或悲伤，有丝丝的愉悦，也有淡淡的忧伤。于 是，伴随感情而获得的认识总会绚丽多彩，但这正是人类所需要的。

“昨夜雨疏风骤，浓睡不消残酒，试问卷帘人，却道海棠依旧，知否，知否，应是绿肥红瘦。”卷帘人与李清照的认识为何悬殊，我想，应该归结为两人的经历、身份以及感情的把握不同。也正是由于这样的悬殊，才得以造就伟大的词人。

人类需要认知，认知是人类进步的源泉，但人类也是感情动物，认知的过程也包含感情的表达。源于人心灵的精神血脉需要充满感情的认知！

记叙时，有人说：“八月秋高风怒号，卷我屋上三重茅。”但他不局限于对于事实的描述。“安得广厦千万间，大庇天下寒士俱欢颜，风雨不动安如山。”由此折射出作者的智慧与宽大的胸怀，这无疑是对事物更深层次的认知。取得这样的认知，需要感情，阅读这样的认知，又何尝不需要呢？

议论时，认知更加丰富。

“大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物；故垒西边，人道是，三国周郎赤壁。”这是何等的赞叹。“折戟沉沙铁未销，自将磨洗认前朝，东风不与周郎便，铜雀春深锁二乔。”这又是何等的冷静与思辩。而当东坡先生再游于赤壁之时“盖将自其变者观之，则天地曾不能以一瞬，自其不变者观之，则物与我皆无尽也。”又把思想提上了哲学的境界。

由此观，感情是认知的血脉，使它生机盎然，使它娓娓动听，而感情也离不开认知，它要在一次次的认知中表达。

感谢情感，是它丰富了认知的内涵，是它浇灌了认知的清泉，为了认知，就算“不识庐山真面目”，又有何妨？

点评：本文旁征博引，信手拈来，表现了作者深厚的文学功底和高超的文字驾驭能力；在短时间内能将感情和认知的关系进行形象生动而不乏理性的分析，实属不易，若能在“亲疏”上再下功夫，文章定能更上一层楼。

二、巧套古诗文结构出彩

古人写诗做文都很讲究章法，每一首（篇）诗文都有其完整的行文结构与写作脉络，再加上古诗文本身言简意丰、音韵和谐，套用古诗文来铺设文章的行文结构，不仅能使文章层次分明、结构清晰，而且更能给人以典雅优美的感觉，能够在最短时间内打动读者。这一点，2004年湖南高考优秀作文《琵琶行之父母有情》做出了很好的示范。白居易的《琵琶行》以琵琶女的演奏贯穿全篇，将乐曲的情调与演奏者、听者的情绪融为一体，又以琵琶女自叙身世和诗人倾诉郁闷相映衬，其行文结构与情感抒发融合无间，曲尽长篇歌行体诗歌之妙。《琵琶行之父母有情》这篇作文妙就妙在直接套用白诗的结构形式，将《琵琶行》一诗中有关音乐描写的诗句，直接抽取出来、编织出全文的行文结构：“转轴拨弦三两声，未成曲调先有情”，“间关莺语花底滑”，“大弦嘈嘈如急雨，小弦切切如私语。嘈嘈切切错杂弹，大珠小珠落玉盘”，“冰泉冷涩弦凝绝，凝绝不通声渐歇。别有忧愁暗恨生，此时无声胜有声”，“曲终收拨当心画，四弦一声如裂帛”，“座中泣下谁最多，掌上明珠双眸湿（原诗为„江州司马青衫湿‟）”。这些诗句在《琵琶行》中本身就是串连诗歌内容、编织抒情脉络的关键诗句，被引用为文章行文转换的语言标志，不仅巧妙地串起从小到大父母对“我”的关爱与教育的一些生活细节，而且使文章的行文结构放得开又收得拢，读来自有别样的韵味。

三、模仿古诗文语言出彩

语言是文章的第--关口，高考作文的语言除了要能够根据文章需要尽可能得体准确之外，还应该尽量地体现出个性的色彩。如果你的文言功底比较扎实的话，不妨模仿古典诗文的语言，用文言的笔法来表达现代的感悟，这无疑也是高考作文“出彩”的一记妙招，历年高考作文中都有这方面的成功例子，如2001年南京考生蒋昕捷的《赤兔之死》，2002年江苏考生的《谏屈原书》，2003年四川考生的《愚者传》和北京考生的《转折》等。值得一提的还有2002年江苏考生写的五言叙事诗《孔雀东南飞》，其语言脱胎于古乐府名篇《孔雀东南飞》，以一位才华横溢有志投身西部大开发的青年作为叙事的中心人物，写得像模像样。请看其开头：

“孔雀东南飞，五里一徘徊。

„五岁进小学，九岁入省中，十五游南大，二十研究生。此生条件好，工作不愁找。东家婆也夸，西家婶也赞。姐弟笑盈盈，父母乐呵呵！‟好事人相承，传遍南京城。”

这些高考优秀作文在古典诗文语言的借鉴上，显示出了作者个性的写作才华和较为深厚的古文修养，以及较好的驾驶语言的功力。当然，文言文毕竟是旧时代的产物，这种语言表达方式本身是不值得提倡和鼓励，本节内容只是为考生提供一种参考。要知道，这些优秀作文的成功靠得是“故事新奇”、“立意高远”、“语言老到”、“内容充实”，这些才是它们获得成功的关键，而非仅仅是浅易的文言。

四、改写古诗文内容出彩

好的古典诗文都是富于启示性的，言简而意丰，能够通过鲜明的形象和富有张力的表达唤起读者无尽的联想和想象。通过对古诗文的改写，来传达自己对生活的感悟，也能让自己的高考作文呈现出迷人的色彩，平添些许的诗意。当然，改写不是对古诗文的纯机械翻译，而是对古诗文的一种再创作、再提高和个性化鉴赏。例如屈原的名句“路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索”，我们可以联系自己对屈原的理解来改写，表达出自己的个性化感悟。下面是笔者在作文课上为学生所作的示范：

第五篇：(修改版)雅思写作高分宝典

雅思写作高分宝典（打印稿）

雅思A类议论文写作

第一节——教育与学习

1、向老师还是从网络、电视上学知识

Students at school and universities learn far more from lessons with teachers than from other sources(such as the Internet, television).To what extend do you agree or disagree? 【Model Essay】

In the Information Age, students have more accesses to all kinds of information.Some people argue that they should grasp every means to learn rather than learn from teachers, while others hold the opposite view.Speaking for myself, I stand on the side of the former one.No doubt, it is absolutely necessary for students to learn their lessons in class with teachers at schools and universities.But, at the same time, we find some knowledge seems practically useless, and teachers are often enthusiastic to explain some theories, which are not of much use for most of the students in their future.Such lessons are not suitable for everyone.Some students may feel boring and their requests for specific knowledge cannot be met, too.Using a range of sources such as the Internet and television to learn has obviously merits.On the one hand, students can study on line efficiently.For example, modern technology has provided many powerful computer assisted language learning programs that help students with pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, reading and writing of different languages.On the other hand, students can learn practical skills which are taught on the Internet and television by using specific examples.Knowledge and art from these sources would be useful supplements to those from lessons at schools and universities.From the above mentioned analysis, we can safely draw the conclusion that other sources like the Internet and television are indispensable supplements to the traditional education forms.And students should also learn much more from the Internet and television.【高分词汇】 ★grasp vt.抓住，抓紧

例He thought mathematics more difficult to grasp than physics.○译他觉得数学比物理更难捉摸 ○★enthusiastic adj.热心的，热情的

例China has the most enthusiastic fans in the world.○译中国有全世界最热情的球迷 ○★be suitable for 适合……的

例 The weather is suitable for outdoor activities.○

译天气适合户外运动 ○★practical adj.实际的、实用的

例 The plan takes on a more practical aspect.○译这个计划具有更切合实际的性质 ○★supplement n.补遗、补充 v.补充

例Try a B vitamin supplement.○译试着补充些维生素B ○★indispensable adj.不可缺少的，绝对必要的

例 The computers are now an indispensable tool in many businesses ○译目前，计算机是很多公司不可或缺的工具 ○【万能句型】

1.Some people argue that …, while others hold the opposite view.Speaking for myself, I stand on the side of the former one.译文： 一些人认为……，然而其他人持有相反的观点。在我看来，我支持前者。解读：这种句型结构适用于第一段，引出题目中双方的观点，同时表明自己的立场，表示支持前者或后者的观点。

2.From the above mentioned analysis, we can safely draw the conclusion that… 译文： 通过上面的分析，我们可以得出结论，那就是，……

解读：这种句型结构适用于结尾段，承接上文，并给出结论。这种句型结构在绝大多数的议论文结尾都可以使用。

2、出国留学的利弊

More and more students choose to go to another country for their higher education.Do you think the benefits outweigh the problems associated with it? 【Model Essay】

In order to acquire more knowledge, more and more people decided to further their study abroad.I believe that the benefits of studying abroad for higher education are far greater than problems that could be associated with it.There are many reasons supporting my view.First and foremost, students can learn advanced knowledge and management experience which can widen their horizons and minds.Then, studying abroad can provide a good language environment to students and make it easy to pick a language, which can contribute to remove language barrier and make international cooperation much easier.Besides, studying abroad can cultivate students’ ability to live independently and their characters, for they have to deal with many problems and learn how to be accustomed to a new environment and how to get along with foreign teachers and classmates.Last but not least, studying abroad is an excellent way for

students to learn about themselves and the world in which they live in.By communicating with foreign friends, they will experience the characteristics of a distinct culture and see the similarities to and differences from their own.However, studying abroad also brings about many disadvantages.Firstly, students will be confronted with so many psychological problems.They often feel lonely and helpless in a new environment.Furthermore, the tuition is very high, which is a very heavy burden to the average people.To sum up, the advantages of studying abroad outweigh the disadvantages greatly.We should encourage students study abroad.When they accomplish their curriculum, they can make more contribution to the construction of our society.【高分词汇】

★acquire vt.获得，学到

例The company has recently acquired new offices in central London.○译公司最近在伦敦市中心弄到了新的办公室 ○★further vt.促进，推进

例We’ll do all we can to further your plans.○译我们将经历促成你们的计划。○★associate vt.是发生联系，使联合

例I don’t associate the two ideas.○译这两个概念我联系不起来。○★horizon vt.范围，视野

例Go out for broaden your horizon.○译出去开开眼界。○★cultivate vt.培养

例She cultivates her mind by reading many books.○译她博览群书，修身养性。○★deal with 应付，处理；对待

例He must deal with many difficulties.○译他必须应付许多困难。○★be accustomed to习惯于

例He is accustomed to loneliness.○译他对于孤独已经习以为常。○★get along with 与……和睦相处

例He is good-tempered;he gets along with everyone.○译他脾气好，和谁都处得来。○

3、老师在信息时代的作用

Teachers used to convey information, but now with wide resources of information from the Internet, there is no role for teachers to play in modern education.Do you agree or disagree? 【Model Essay】

Nowadays, the computer is growing in popularity in education for its marvelous functions.Some people, therefore, claim that teachers` roles are not significant any more in the Information Age given the convenience and efficiency of the Internet in terms of information access.As far as I am concerned, however, this point of view seems a bit partial and misleading.Most important of all, it is often the case that teachers can benefit students in many ways which computers cannot.Indeed, teachers often bring students a host of knowledge and ideas out of text books, such as ethics and such kind of things.There are plenty of vivid evidences to support the opinion that teachers are usually serving as the guide for students, a role which can never be performed by computers.For example, when I studied in high school, one of my teachers helped me with my study and taught me how to deal with difficulties in my life as well.It is impossible for computers to fulfill these actions.In addition, a more subtle point is that young students are more susceptible to the adverse influence of computers.It is a general principle that juveniles are usually lack in the sense of judgment to tell right from wrong.So they are more likely to be distracted from study by the lure that comes along with computers.Therefore, teachers are superior to computers in cultivating students.To conclude, it is all very well to suggest that teachers invariably enjoy the most crucial role in fostering young people, we should not lose sight of the dramatic benefits brought by computers as well.That is to say, teacher can never give way to computers buy they can make computers facilitate their jobs.【高分词汇】

★convenience n.便利，方便，有益

例 The house has all the modern conveniences.○译这栋房屋有各种现代化的设施。○★in terms of 就......而言，从……方面说来

例He referred to your work in terms of high praise.○译他对你的工作大加赞扬。○★ethics n.道德规范，伦理学

例 The ethics of his profession don`t permit him to do that.○译他的职业道德不允许他那样做。○

★subtle adj.敏感的，微妙的

例 Her whole attitude had undergone a subtle change.○译她的整个态度发生了微妙的变化。○★be susceptible to 对……敏感

例In his weakened condition, he is very susceptible to cold.○译他身体很弱，因此很容易患感冒。○★superior adj.较高的，上级的，较好的

例You’re a very superior young woman.○译你是一个非常优秀的年轻女性。○★foster vt.养育，抚育，培养

例Nowadays young couple sometimes foster.○译现今年轻夫妇有时领养别人的孩子。○★give way to 让路，让步

例Cloudy mornings give way to clear evenings.○译【谚】早晨云遮日，晚上星满天。○★facilitate vt.使便利，减轻……的困难

例Tractors facilitate farming.○译拖拉机使耕作便利。○【万能句型】

1.As far as I am concerned, however, this point of view seems a bit partial and misleading.译文： 在我看来，这种观点有点偏颇并且容易令人误解。解读：这个句型常常用于第一段的末尾，表明作者的立场和观点。2.Most important of all, it is often the case that … 译文： 最重要的是，……

解读：在这个句型中，it is often the case 一般不用翻译，它所表述的实际内容就是that后面的内容。省略了it is often the case 也没有错，放在这里主要是为了增加文章的语言色彩。

4、通过看电视学习

Some children can learn efficiently by watching TV.Therefore, they should be encouraged to watch TV both at home and at school.To what extent do you agree or disagree? 【Model Essay】

There are many ways of learning, and watching TV is one of them.Some children can learn quite well by watching TV.Hereby, some people argue that children should be encouraged to watch TV both at home and at school.As far as I am concerned, however, this point of view seems a bit absurd and ridiculous.On one hand, in spite the function of learning, TV has so many demerits.Firstly, watching TV is harmful to eyes.Staring at TV for a long time may lead to short sight.Secondly, not all the contents on the TV are suitable for children.Some of TV programs contain violence and obscenity, which are harmful to the children`s growth.Thirdly, long time sitting before TV is not good for physical growth.Staying in one position for a long time can lead to crookback.On the other hand, apart from TV, there still are other efficient ways which can help children to learn.First of all, children can comprehend considerable number of things by playing games.Traditional games do good to exploit children`s wit, and modern games help them to get a rough idea about the society.Then, telling stories is another efficient way.Encouraging children to tell stories can develop their observing abilities and language skills.Last, sightseeing is also a valid method which can help children contact close with the nature.For example, organizing children to the zoo can give them vivid images of the animals.Once you have known all the above-mentioned, you must agree with me that the idea of encouraging children to watch TV both at home and at school is absolutely insane.Watching TV is just one of many effective learning methods, but not the only one.【高分词汇】

★absurd adj.荒谬的，可笑的

例 What an absurd suggestion!○译多么荒唐的建议！○★ridiculous adj.荒谬的，可笑的

例It`s the most ridiculous thing I`ve ever heard in my life.○译这是我有生以来听到最荒唐可笑的事。○★in spite of 虽然，尽管

例I went out in spite of the rain.○译 尽管下雨我仍然外出。○★suitable…for 合适的

例 He hasn`t any suitable shoes for the wedding.○译适合在婚礼上穿的鞋他一双也没有。○★efficient adj.有效地，有能力的

例 She is an efficient manageress.○译她是个有能力的经理。○★comprehend vt.领会，理解

例I did not comprehend his meaning.○译我不理解他的意思。○★vivid adj.生动的，鲜明的

例 A vivid picture is present to our eyes.○译一幅栩栩如生的画面出现在我们面前。○【万能句型】

1.Hereby, some people argue that… 译文： 因此，一些人认为……

解读：这个句型一般用于开头段第二句，也就是在第一句介绍背景之后用于引出某些人的观点。

2.Once you have known all the above-mentioned, you must agree with me that… 译文： 一旦你了解了上面所提到的，你肯定会同意我的观点，那就是……

解读：这种句型一般用于最后一段第一句，对前面所论述的内容作出总结，并进一步强调作者观点。考生应熟练运用这种句型。在结尾段直接用I believe…这样的句型，虽然没有错误，但缺少语言色彩。恰当运用上面的句型加分的机会更大。

5、各种课程对职业的重要性

Some people think that schools should concentrate on academic classes, because they are helpful for further career.But they think music and sports classes are not useful.To what extent do you agree or disagree? 【Model Essay】

Recently, whether schools should concentrate on academic classes has triggered a heated discussion.Some people contend that career-oriented education for college students should be encouraged and schools should mainly provide academic classes.But there are also a majority of people suggest that personality-oriented education is necessary and music and sports classes should also be offered.Personally, I am inclined to be on the side of the latter one in the following reasons.On the one hand, if schools only taught academic classes, the school life would definitely be monotonous and boring.No one can tolerate such tough days.Most students treasure their happy years in school, because they are colorful and diversified.On the other hand, music and sports lessons are extremely important to students.To start with, sports and music can accompany one throughout his life.Some students may forget the academic knowledge learned at school, but they will not forget how to do sports and appreciate music.Furthermore, music classes can cultivate one’s mind and temperament, which are helpful in building one’s optimistic personality.Sports can help students keep fit and build up strong character.Last but not least, sports and music can raise one’s taste.People with good taste of music and sports usually keep away from bad behaviors.Based on the above discussion and analysis, we can see that academic classes are not as important as some people think, and music and sports classes are not useless, either.Academic classes develop one’s ability;music and sports classes improve one’s personality charm.In contemporary society, only able persons with fine character and moral win the career.【高分词汇】

★concentrate on专心，把思想集中于

例 Many firms are concentrating on increasing their markets overseas ○译许多公司正在集中精力开拓它们的海外市场。○★monotonous adj.单调的，无变化的

例 She thought life in the small town was monotonous.○译她觉得小镇上的生活单调而乏味。○★tolerate vt.忍受，容忍

例she cannot tolerate that rude fellow.○译她不能容忍那个粗鲁的家伙。○★treasure vt.珍爱，珍惜

例I certainly treasure the friendship between us very much.○译我当然非常珍视我们之间的友谊。○★temperament n.气质，性情

例Success often depends on temperament.○译成功常常取决于一个人的性格。○★keep fit保持健康

例 We work out regularly to keep fit.○译我坚持锻炼以保持健康。○【万能句型】

3.Some people contend that …But there are also a majority of people suggest that… 译文： 一些人主张……，但是也有许多人建议…… 解读：这种句型常常用于第一段，介绍双方观点。

2.Personally, I am inclined to be on the side of the latter one in the following reasons.译文：个人而言，我倾向于后者，理由如下。

解读：这个句型结构一般用于开头段最后一句，表明作者赞成的观点，同时引起下文。

6、学习与职业发展

Some people think that studying in a college or university is the best way for students to prepare for their future career.But others think they should leave school as soon as possible to develop their career through work experience.Discuss both these view and give your own opinion.【Model Essay】

Time spent in campus is not always treated with great importance.Some parents may choose other ways for their children’s post-high-school period, namely, helping them find jobs, rather than sending them to a college.I can find myself against this act for many reasons, amongst which we can figure some strongest ones as follows.My first con against this behavior is that education is not just a benefit but also one’s rights.Without education, as Gorge Orwell had once said, is to be deprived of the most precious privilege in our time as a modern man.With college education, youngsters can choose a better way of doing things correctly and efficiently.The sharp contrast between those who have received well education and those without is not just financially, but more vitally, spiritually.Admittedly, we can find cases of some people achieve without college education, but these cases are famous only because they are rare.Those people who succeed with a college degree are more common.The absence of university education is hard to imagine in our days.The prospect of those juvenile workers or businessmen would be even dimmer than ever before.For in our age, knowledge is not only the power, but also the know-how to solving problems and gaining a much larger fortune.Therefore we should always encourage kids to further education and even more, we should fund those who cannot afford their college study ,because their future is the future of our nation.【高分词汇】

★deprive vt.剥夺，使丧失

例 She has been deprived of sight for some year.○译她失明已有几年了。○★privilege n.特权，特别待遇

例 We need to allow a privilege to him.○译我们需要给他一种特权。○★prospect n.景色，前景

例 The prospect of this young team is beyond measure.○译这支年轻队伍前途不可限量。○

★dim vt.使暗淡，使失去光泽

例 His defection from the party dims his political career.○译他的叛党使得他政治前途黯淡。○★further education进修

例What are my opportunities for additional training or further education? ○译我有多大的深造或进修的机会？ ○【万能句型】

1.I can find myself against…for many reasons, amongst which we can figure some strongest ones as follows.译文： 我有很多理由反对…，在这些理由当中，我们能发现下面一些是最具有说服力的。解读：这种句型一般用于第一段最后一句，表明作者的立场，引起下文。2.My first con against this behavior is that… 译文： 我反对这种行为的第一个理由是，……

解读：这种句型一般用在第二段的第一句，解释作者反对某种行为或观点的第一个原因。

第二节——经济与社会

7、技术与贫富差距

Some people believe the range of technology available to individuals today is increasing the gap between the rich and the poor.Do you agree or disagree? 【Model Essay】

Technology is one of the most powerful forces in society today.It is being put to use everywhere, in homes and organizations of all sizes and helps millions of people do their jobs more effectively each day.Some people, however, believe the range of technology will widen the gap between the rich and the poor.In fact, I believe that the gap between rich and poor people will narrow because of the new technologies.There are numerous reasons why I hold this opinion, and I would explore a few of the most important ones here.First and foremost, the development of technology has made the price of high-tech products less expensive, so even the poor can afford cell phones and computers, which used to be symbols of wealth.That is to say, more people than ever have the opportunity to take advantage of the new technologies, which will definitely decrease the gap between the rich and the poor.Besides, another example is from the way that people travel.We used to take a train, but presently, most people would prefer to take a flight if the destination is quite far away.Such gap between the rich and the poor is not as obvious as before.Last but not least, some poor people who are intelligent can also make good use of the technologies.There are many examples which demonstrate how some poor persons become rich by using high technologies.To conclude, wealth imbalance is not the result of technological development, but the disparity of information.The technology is just the remedy to the disparity.I believe with the range of technology available to people, the gap between the rich and the poor will keep decreasing.【高分词汇】

★ put to use 使用，利用

例 We shall put it to good use.○译 我们将好好利用它。○★ widen v.加宽，放宽，扩展

例 Her outlook gradually widens ○译 她的眼光渐渐开阔了。○★ gap n.缺口，差距

例 There is a wide gap between the views of the two statements.○译 关于这点，两位政治家的政见有很大分歧。○★ narrow vt.使变狭窄，使缩小

例 The river narrows at this point.○译 河在这里变窄了。○★ high-tech n.高科技

例 Traditional products do not disqualify the producer from high-tech ○译 生产传统的产品，不表示它就不是高科技。○★ afford vt.提供，供应得起

例 She can afford a new computer.○译 她能买得起一台新电脑。○★ intelligent adj.聪明的，伶俐的，有才智的

例 I have not arrived at a very intelligent opinion on that matter.○译 我对那件事还没有高见。○★ demonstrate vt.示范，证明

例 All of those demonstrated the correctness of his analysis.○译 这一切都证明了他分析的正确性。○★ disparity n.不同，不等

例 Rich and poop live side by side but in conditions of extraordinary disparity.○译 富人和穷人毗邻，但居住条件极为悬殊。○★ remedy n.补救 vt.补救，矫正，修补

例 Your only remedy is to appeal to law.○译 你的唯一补救办法是诉诸法律。○★ available adj.可用到的，可利用的，有用的

例 I will send you all the periodicals available.○译 我将把我能得到的期刊都给你寄去。○【万能句型】

1.There are numerous reasons why I hold this opinion, and I would explore a few of the most important ones here.译文： 持这个观点有若干个原因，在这里我将阐述最重要的几个。

解读：这种句型一般用于第一段末尾，绝大多数的议论文写作题目都要用到这个句型。它有承上启下的作用：一方面用于强调自己的观点，同时引起下文。2.Last but not least, …

译文：最后但并非不重要，„„

解读：这个句型一般用于解释作者反对某种观点或行为的最后一个原因，较常见的是用于第四段或第二段最后一句。

8、富国对穷国的援助

Rich countries often give financial aid to poor countries, but it does not solve the poverty.So rich countries should give other types of help to the poor countries rather than the financial aid.To what extent do you agree or disagree? 【Model Essay】

It is natural for rich countries to give financial aid to poor ones.However, afflicted with famine, wars, diseases, people living in those poverty-stricken countries are struggling for survival.In face of the severe situation, it is suggested that rich countries should also give other kinds of help to them.This view is based on the propensity of the following points.Many countries are willing to afford financial aid to poor countries, which has turned out to be of high importance to boost economy of poor nations.For example, some rich countries invest large amount of capital to develop industries in poor countries, so that more job opportunities are brought and living standard are enhanced there.However, this kind of aid cannot solve the poverty by the roots.The causes of being economically humble lies in diversified aspects, such as bad education, the lack of new technologies.And diseases and epidemics could be another reason for poverty.Therefore, other sorts of assistance should also be given to the poor ones.To begin with, some advanced technologies should be

introduced to poor countries.Then the teams of teachers and doctors should be dispatched to the needy countries to effectuate the responsibilities of educational and medical aid.Furthermore, medicine and medical training courses should also be scattered to the countries which are in the agony of diseases and epidemics.To summarize, I believe rich countries are definitely duty-bound to help their poor counterparts out.That is to say, both financial aid and other varieties of help should be offered to release those poor people from poverty.And poor countries should also struggle for advance on their own, which can really make a difference.【高分词汇】

★ financial adj.财政的，金融的

例 The company was in deep financial difficulties.○译 该公司陷入了严重的财务困难。○★ aid n.帮助，援助

例 He went to the aid of the hurt man.○译 他前去援助那些受伤的人。○★ afflict vt.使痛苦，折磨

例 Famine and war still afflict mankind.○译 饥饿和战争仍使人类遭受痛苦。○★ struggle for 为„„斗争

例 We should help those who are still struggling for liberation.○译 我们应当帮助那些仍在为独立而斗争的人们。○★ turn out to be 结果是，原来是

例 He said he was a doctor, but later he turned out to be a cheat.○译 他自称是个医生，结果证明他是个骗子。○★ boost v.推进

例 This will be a great boost to the economy.○译 这对于经济发展将是一个巨大的促进。○★ by the roots 从根本上

例 They lost the match by the roots.○译 他们从根本上输了比赛。○★ effectuate vt.实行，完成

例 The disease do not prevent him from effectuating his plan.○译 疾病并未妨碍他实现计划。○★ release from 豁免，解除

例 He released me from my torments.○译 他解除了我的痛苦。○★ make a difference

例 That will make a vast difference.○译 那将会有天壤之别。○【万能句型】

1.This view is based on the propensity of following points.译文： 这种观点基于以下几点倾向。

解读： 这种句型常常用于第一段末尾，在介绍完题目观点之后，用这种句型过渡到下一段，表示接下来要分析能够支持这种论点的几个方面。过渡自然而流畅。2.However ,… can’t…The cause of… 译文： 然而，„„并不能„„，理由是„„

解读： 在论述完问题的一个方面之后，用这种句型可以继续展开话题。However表示转折。

9、消费品价格便宜的优缺点

Nowadays people live in the society where consumer goods are relatively cheaper to buy.Do you think its advantages outweigh its disadvantages? 【Model Essay】

Nowadays, with the rapid development of science and technology, the price of consumer goods continues to fall.This situation is pounding at people’s traditional consumption habit and life styles, using its advantages to gradually affect peoples’ lives.As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes.There are several benefits for people to enjoy cheaper consumer goods.Most important of all, reducing the price of consumer goods can stimulate requirement and boost economy, which is especially important under the background of financial crisis.Besides, with the price of consumer goods less expensive, more ordinary people can afford to buy cell phones and computers , which help people do jobs more effectively each day.In addition, as far as the merchants concerned, in order to sell more, they often cut down the profit margin, which contributes to enhance the total amount of annual sales and reduce stocks.However, to this issue, some other people hold a different attitude, arguing that cheap consumer goods also bring harm and even disasters to us.For more businesses are striving for the same customers, the lower price may be the result of unfair competition and will undermine the social

order.At the same time, for the sake of profits, some merchants use inferior materials and turn out substandard products, which will ultimately do harm to the extensive consumers.Admittedly, there are some potential risks on reducing the price of consumer goods, but the law can be executed to supervise and manage dealers strictly.In fact, cheap consumer goods can benefit both the customers and the merchants.【高分词汇】

★pound vt.猛击；跳动

例 Her heart is pounding so loudly.○译她的心正怦怦直跳。○★as to 至于，关于

例I have no doubts as to your ability.○译关于你的能力我毫不怀疑。○★stimulate vt.刺激，激励

例 The art course stimulated me.○译艺术课激发了我的灵感。○★boost n.促进，改善，激励

例 This will be a great boost to the economy.○译这对于经济发展将是一个巨大的促进。○★crisis n.危机，危急关头

例 When a crisis comes they have gone.○译当危机来临时，他们已经走了。○★merchant n.商人，批发商，贸易商，店主

例 The merchants of Arab are doing their things all around the world.○译阿拉伯商人在世界各地做生意。○★cut down 减少，降低

例 We were for cutting down the cost of production.○译我们赞成降低成本。○★competition n.竞争，竞赛

例 There is keen competition between the two motorcar firms.○译两家汽车公司之间存在着激烈的竞争。○

★ undermine v.暗中破坏；逐渐削弱

例Illness undermined his strength.○译疾病逐渐削弱了他的力气。○★for the sake of 为了

例He argues for the sake of arguing.○译他是为了争辩而争辩。○★substandard adj.标准以下的，不合规格的

例 The loss was due to the use of substandard bags for which you should be responsible.○译该损失是由于包装不合标准所致，所以应由贵公司负责这一损失。○【万能句型】

1.Nowadays, with the rapid development of science and technology,… 译文： 如今，随着科技的快速发展，……

解读：这种句型一般用于第一段第一句，介绍背景，同时引出话题。2.There are several benefits for people to … 译文： 对于人们来说，……有很多好处。

解读：这种句型一般用于第二段第一句，表示开始分析有利的方面。3.However, to this issue, some other hold a different attitude , arguing that… 译文： 然而，对于这个问题,另一些人有不同的态度，认为……

解读：这种句型一般用于第三段开头，表示这段开始分析与前一段观点不同的另一种观点。

10、好的产品是否需要广告

If a product is good or it meets people’s needs, people will buy it.So advertising is unnecessary and no more than an entertainment.To what extent do you agree or disagree? 【Model Essay】

Good products have high prestige and quality, which can gain the love of the customers.It is true that a good product sell itself.So some people assert that advertising is unnecessary and no more than an entertainment.Superficially, the above sounds reasonable.But when carefully weighing in the mind, we find that it goes against the fact.A number of causes account for my point.To begin with, as far as some companies such as Nintendo, Apple, etc, are concerned, it is important for them to spread their most positive and interesting products information to compete against their rivals.These companies are well-known not only for their great customer service and

reliable products, but also their advertisements.Apple is known for its humorous adverts.And Nintendo often has colorful advertising aimed towards the youth.These advertisements make people all over the world more familiar with the companies and more curious about their products.Then, in fact, advertising has proved to be a means of getting the latest product news to spread out quickly and effectively.The companies would probably find that adverts, even if entertaining, can help new products sale tremendously.Admittedly, some companies are so popular with the public that advertisements are no more than reminders to the masses that they are ever-present in daily life.Examples would be the corporations like Coca-Cola and McDonald’s which are so well-known in most countries that their adverts have stopped describing their products but focused more on the images of the companies themselves.For such companies, advertisement is an unnecessary entertainment.However, they may never have reached that status without advertising.For that reason, advertisement is surely not unnecessary.【高分词汇】

★prestige n.声望，威望

例 The old universities of Cambridge still have a lot of prestige.○译历史悠久的剑桥大学仍然享有很高的声望。○★reliable adj.可靠的，可信赖的

例 The news is reliable.○译这消息靠得住。○★ even if 即使

例 we should practice economy even if we are rich.○译即使我们富裕了，也仍应该厉行节约。○★reminder n.提醒的人，暗示

例I wrote a reminder in my daily planner.○译我在我的每日记事簿里写了个备忘字条。○【万能句型】

1.Superficially, the above sounds reasonable.But when carefully weighing in the mind, we find that it goes against the fact.A number of causes account for my point.译文： 从表面上看，以上内容听起来很合理，但经过仔细考虑之后，我们发现它违背事实。大量的理由说明了我的观点。

解读：雅思写作考试中，有些题目给出的观点在逻辑上或表面上看起来很合理，如本文中的观点。但却往往与实际情况不符。遇到这样的情况，就可以在第一段用这个句型引出作者对题目中的观点的评判，同时引起下文。

2.To begin with, as far as … are concerned, it is important for …to do … 译文： 首先，就……而言，对于……来说做某事很重要。

解读：这种句型一般用于第二段第一句，阐述作者持有某种观点的第一个原因。

11、企业迁出大城市的优缺点

The government should encourage industries and companies to move out of big cities and into regional areas.Do the advantages outweigh disadvantages? 【Model Essay】

Nowadays, more industries and companies develop in large cities, which causes plenty of problems like pollution, crowdedness and traffic jam.Some people suggest that the large factories and companies should move away from densely-populated areas like some metropolis.However, others oppose to their opinion.I will discuss both sides and give my own evaluation.Opponents raise many reasons to go against the vicinity between cities and large industries.They believe that many of these industries are hazardous and even fatal to human health.The monstrous system may deprive us the vigor and potential to enjoy our life and the products they produce.Proponents come up with quite different views.They firstly point out that not all industries are perilous to human, like some fine chemistry industries and even some tertiary industries, both of which can dwell harmoniously with people and offer them both products and job opportunities.They also believe moving these companies to regional areas is expensive and uneasy to the management, which may deter them from investing in their country.Personally, I side with neither side.This thesis is just too general in the scope and definition of the concept “industries and companies”.As we all well know, not every industry is harmful and noisy to us, but some of them are.Thus, how can we treat these different companies with an identical view? Putting them together and giving any comparison is quite unreasonable at all.Before we take any proposal, we had better think twice and then give our judgment.【高分词汇】

★metropolis n.首都，大城市

例Beijing is a metropolis in China.○译北京是中国的一个大城市。○★go against 违背，作对

例Don't go against your father.○译不要违背你的父亲。○★point out 指出；把注意力引向......例 This guide book points out the main facts of early American history.○译这本导游手册讲述了美洲早期的重要史实。○★deter v.阻止；制止

例Don't let failure deter you.○

译别让失败把你吓倒。○★at all 根本

例 No worry at all.○译别担心。○★think twice 三思，反复思考

例He told me to think twice before speaking.○译他叫我三思而后再发言。○【万能句型】

1.I will discuss both sides and give my own evaluation.译文：我将讨论双方的观点并给出我自己的评论。

解读：这种句型常常用于对称式写法的第一段的最后一句，引起下文，表示要分别讨论双方的观点，并在最后给出自己的结论。2.Opponents raise many reasons to go against...译文：反对者提出了很多理由反对.......解读：这种句型一般用于对称式写法的第二段的第一句，表示开始讨论反对者。3.Proponents come up with quite different views.译文：赞成者提出完全不同的观点。

解读：这种句型一般用于对称式写法的第三段的第一句，表示开始讨论支持者的观点。

12、个人为养老存钱

Some people say that it is the responsibility of individuals to save money for their own care after they retire.To what extent do you agree or disagree? 【Model Essay】

No one is alienated from the rest of the world.Thus, we can see no a single person to be solely living for himself--he must be simultaneously shouldering various duties for multifarious groups of people, such as employers and government, who must at the same time in turn undertake the duty of caring for him as well.I am not here to deny the necessity of saving money for one's aged life, but to state the reasons why the above parties should give their attention to individuals.What hits me at the first thought is that employers should have the liability to their employees, for they sacrificed their youth and shed tears and sweat for them.If employers were free to take the duties of their elderly employees, then they may feel so easy and comfortable to expel any of those “used” workers randomly.No just legislation can possibly tolerate this happen.And employers should have their duty to support the aged workers for their later part of life.Another party that should also attach importance to individuals is the government.People fight for their motherland with all their energy, health and even life.So undoubtedly, the government, like employers, should provide financial aid to citizens as well.As we can happily conclude, this world is not one that goes without justice and warmth between people.We give when we can and we take when we need.Employers as well as governments are due to unshakable responsibilities to give their care to individuals who have paid their efforts for them, which would be the way things ought to be.【高分词汇】

★alienate v.疏远

例 We'd better not alienate ourselves from the colleagues.○译我们最好还是不要与同事们疏远。○★shoulder vt.肩负，承当

例 You must shoulder the future of the country.○译你们必须肩负国家未来的重任。○★in turn 依次，轮流

例His policy was to beat each enemy in turn.○译他的方针是各个击破。○★undertake vt.承担，担任，许诺，保证

例He could undertake the work for the time being.○译他暂时能承担这项工作。○★liability n.责任，义务

例 What is your liability under the insurance contract? ○译按照保险契约贵方应负哪些责任呢？ ○★randomly adv.随便地，未加计划地

例 Few people are randomly violent.○译很少有人是随意发火的。○★attach importance to 重视

例We must attach great importance to these problems and take effective measures to solve them.○译我们必须高度重视这些问题，采取有力措施加以解决。○★unshakable adj.不可动摇的，坚定不移的

例It is our unshakable policy to help them do that.○译帮助他们发展是我们坚定不移的政策。○【万能句型】

1、I am not here to deny the necessity of..., but to state the reasons why...译文：在这里我并不否认......的必要性，我只是想说明......的原因。

解读：这个句型用在第一段，表示作者并不反对这种观点，在本文中，作者表示并不反对题目中的观点，但作者在下文主要论述的观点是but之后的内容。

2、What hits me at the first thought is that...for...译文：我第一点想说的是，„„，因为„„

解读：这种句型一般用于第二段第一句，解释作者持有某种观点的第一种原因。

第三节——工作生活与意识形态

13、信息技术和交通进步对工作和生活的影响

Today, people can work and live in anywhere they want, because of the improvement of communication technology and transport.Do advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages? 【Model Essay】

Nowadays, with the rapid development of communication technology and transport, people have more opportunities to choose the places where they work and live in.This phenomenon is often brought into public focus.People from different back grounds hold different attitudes towards it.From my own perspective, there are too many benefits that outnumber its disadvantages.The reasons are chiefly as follows.First and foremost, this development can optimize human and other resources and fuel business growth rapidly.Geographical distance is not hurdle any more to stop people from entering a flow state when they are fully absorbed.That is to say, it enables the working people to choose their ideal jobs, and at the same time, the employers can also recruit and retain right employees easily.Besides, the improvement of communication technology and transport can be a possible solution to many problems, such as traffic jams, air pollution and so on.For example, with the help of computers, the Internet, phones and other high-tech devices, people can work, shop, and study at home and fewer cars are driven on the roads.All in all, I admit the development also brings disadvantages, for example, more people rely on the modern technology and are reluctant to get in touch with others, but in many aspects, its merits obviously outweigh its drawbacks.【高分词汇】

★communication n.信息，通信

例All communications with the north have been by snowstorm.○译北部的一切通信均被暴风雨所阻。○★optimize vt.使最优化

例Design and optimize logistics solution.○译设计优化物流方案。○★fuel n.燃料

例Soot is usually the product of the imperfect combustion of fuel.○译煤烟通常是燃料不完全燃烧的产物。○★Geographical adj.地理学的，地理的

例Pollution of geographical environment is a serious problem.○译地理环境污染是一个严重的问题。○★distance n.距离，远离

例We spotted them at a distance of two hundred yards.○译我们在相距200码处就看到了他们。○★hurdle n.障碍

例In starting a new company, many hurdles must be crossed.○译刚创办一个公司时，必须克服许多障碍。○★far away 遥远，深远

例He lives far away from us.○译他住的地方离我们很远。○★moderate adj.中等的，适度的

例He has a room of moderate size.○译他有一个大小适中的房间。○★rely on 依赖，依靠

例You can rely on me for help.○译你可以依靠我来帮忙。○★reluctant adj.不顾的，勉强的

例He gives me a reluctant assistance.○

译他很不情愿地给了我帮助。○【万能句型】

1、People from different back grounds hold different attitudes towards it.From my own perspective, there are too many benefits that outnumber its disadvantages.The reasons are chiefly as follows.译文： 来自不同背景的人们对此都持有各自不同的态度。在我看来，这种现象的优点要远远大过其缺点。主要原因如下。

解读：这种句型常常用在第一段，首先说人们对这一问题态度各异，然后说出自己的观点，并为后面继续论述自己的观点做好铺垫和过渡。

2.All in all, I admit the development also brings disadvantages, for example,...but in many aspects, its merits obviously outweigh its drawbacks.译文： 总之，我承认，这种发展也带来了一些不利因素，例如，······，但在许多方面，他的优点明显大于缺点。

解读：这种句型常常用在最后一段，以让步的方式表达与前面主体部分论述的观点不同的一面，实际上是加强了对前面观点的论述。这种论述方式主要是为了避免观点偏颇。

14、体育设施与公众健康

Some people believe that to improve public health should increase the number of sports facilities;others believe that it has little effects and need other measures to improve it.Discuss both views and give your opinion.【Model Essay】

The construction of new sports facilities are definitely needed in an environment where people's health is in a declining state.However, there are those who believe that the way to improving people's health should lie in other measures that governments have to come up with to get people to live more healthily.In many countries, the lack of sports facilities has directly led to a sharp decline in the general public's involvement in sports activities, which is the major reason for overweight nowadays.If a wider range of sports and fitness facilities(swimming pools, basketball court and gymnasiums etc.)were available, then people would be more willing to spend time taking exercise, instead of watching television, playing video games or using computers at home.However, the building of such facilities may become a waste of time and money if they are built far away from where people live or if they are too expensive to use.In these cases, the government should spend more advertising healthier lifestyle.In the first place, a well-balanced diet will provide the body with all the nutrients needed, which can help people maintain health, improve immunity and reduce effects of illness.In the second place, enough sleep and less alcoholic are vital to health.These should be widely publicized among citizens.In the third place, the

government should also attach importance to the public mental hygiene problems and make mental therapy be available to all the residents.Based on the above discussion and analysis, we can see that only enlarging the number of sports facilities is far from enough and a series of measures as I have listed above should also be taken to improve public health.【高分词汇】

★come up with 提出，拿出

例I hope you can come up with a better plan than this.○译我希望你们能提出一个比这个更好的计划。○★spend...on...把„„花在„„

例He doesn't spend much time on his homework.○译他花在写作业上的时间不多。○★instead of(用„„）代替„„，（是„„）而不是„„

例Will you go to the party instead of me? ○译你替我赴宴好吗？ ○★well-balanced adj.很平衡，很均匀的，正常的，意识安全的

例We encourage and support all facets of a well-balanced work and personal life.○译我们鼓励和支持员工平衡好工作和个人生活的各方面。○★provide with 给„„提供；以„„装备

例Sheep provide us with wool.○译羊供给我们羊毛。○★improve v.改善，改进，提高

例If he can keep from smoking for a month or two, his health will improve.○译他要是一两个月不抽烟的话，健康一定会有起色的。○【万能句型】

1.In the first place,...In the second place,...In the third place,...译文： 首先，„„其次，„„其三，„„

解读：这种句型常用于论述作者支持或者反对某种观点的三点理由，或者用于表示列举。2.Based on the above discussion and analysis, we can see that …

译文： 基于以上讨论和分析，我们能认识到„„

解读：这一句型常常用于文章结尾段的第一句，承上启下，总结全文，从而得出自己的观点。

15、提倡健康的生活方式还是治疗病人

Some people think it is more important to spend public money promoting healthy lifestyle in order to prevent illness than to spend it on the treatment for people who are already ill.To what extent do you agree or disagree? 【Model Essay】

Along with the rapid development of the society, people are attaching much importance to health.Many people think that more public funds should be spent promoting healthy lifestyles rather than on treatment for people who are already ill.After careful consideration, I, personally, stand on the side of the advocates.The reasons are presented below.First and foremost, I believe that the saying “an ounce of prevention equals a pound of cure” is true, because the most effective way to defeat something is by a preemptive strike.The amount of time and money invested in promoting a healthy lifestyle would be far less than the amount spent curing persons who were too careless about their health.In addition, the benefits of encouraging healthy living far outweigh the “benefits” of curing the sick.In fact, there are no true benefits to spending money curing the sick, which is only the result of people neglecting their health.If they took better care of their health, there would be far less illnesses to worry about.Furthermore, living a healthy lifestyle is beneficial to a person’s life and society as a whole.Healthy persons tend to be happier and think more clearly.They are also less likely to become ill, thus, saving money on health care.All in all, of course, I am not suggesting that investments for treating people who are already ill should be neglected, because some ailments are unavoidable, such as hereditary ailments like high blood pressure.However, illnesses brought about by an unhealthy lifestyle, such as Emphysema from smoking, are completely avoidable, and more should be invested in preventing avoidable illnesses.Many countries are beginning to ban smoking in public places, and have reported positive effects on public health as a result.This is just one example of how promoting healthy living which has proven to be effective.【高分词汇】

★ preemptive adj.抢先的

例I believe this was preemptive.○我认为这是先发制人的。★ neglect vt.忽视，疏忽

例 The government neglected industry.○政府忽视了工业。

★As a whole 整体来看，普遍说来，一般的说

例 There are some areas of poverty, but the country as a whole is fairly prosperous.○这个国家有些地区比较贫困，但总的来说是相当富裕的。★Health care 卫生保健

例Community health care is very important.○社区的卫生保健很重要。★ Avoidable adj.可避免的

例In fact, the mistakes are avoidable.○实际上，错误是可以避免的。★As a result 结果，因此

例As a result, he had to leave.○结果，他只得离开。【万能句型】

1.Along with the rapid development of the society, people are attaching much importance to„„

译文：随着社会的快速发展，人们开始越来越重视„„

解读：这种句型常常用于第一段第一句，介绍背景，同时引出话题。

2.After careful consideration, I, personally, stand on the side of the advocates.The reasons are presented below.译文：经过认真考虑，我个人支持这一观点。原因如下。

解读：这种句型常常用语第一段最后一句，表示赞成某种观点，并引起下文。

16、明天重要还是今天重要

An American film actor once said, “Tomorrow is important and precious.” Some people think individuals and society pay more attention to the future than to the present.Do you agree or disagree? 【Model Essay】

An American film actor once said, “Tomorrow is important and precious.” Some people also think individuals and society should attach more importance to the future than to the present.But another saying goes like this, “Yesterday is history;tomorrow is mystery;only today is a present.” So in my point of view, I would prefer to cherish today and strive for tomorrow.There are many reasons supporting my view.Most important of all, tomorrow is always a day after today and the future is abstract, which we can only imagine it in our mind.But we do know that today passes very quickly.So we must grasp it firmly and devote more efforts to work and study.If it is necessary for us to fulfill something today, let us finish it and do not leave it until tomorrow.Remember that today is more valuable and we must get hold of it rather than imagine what the future is like.Moreover, what we are doing at present decides what the tomorrow would be like.However, some people do not know the value of today, so they waste it in going to films, playing games and doing other useless things.Idleness is the thief of today which can bring us a failure future.Finally, what the actor said really means that tomorrow is hope and the hope is important and precious, which we should never give up.However, only hope cannot achieve anything.So we should grasp the present to work hard and to get near to the hope.In fact, as long as we catch hold of today firmly, tomorrow must be fantastic.【高分词汇】

★Precious adj.宝贵的，贵重的

例○He has sent me most precious gifts.译○他送给我极其珍贵的礼物。

★Prefer to 较喜欢；宁愿

例○I prefer country life to town life.译○我更喜欢乡村生活而不是城市生活。

★ cherish vt.珍爱，怀抱（希望等）

例○ The old lady tenderly cherished her dog.译○老妇人十分爱她的狗。

★Strive for 奋斗，争取

例○ They have strived for peace.译○他们为谋求Precious和平而争斗。

★ firmly adv.坚定地，稳固地

例○ We stood firmly against expansionism.译○我们坚决反对扩张主义。

★Devote vt.投入于，现身

例○ We should devote everything we have.译○我们应该奉献我们的一切。

★ Idleness n.闲散，懒惰。赋闲无事

例○ Idleness rusts the mind.译○懒惰脑筋要生锈。

★Give up 放弃；认输

例○I can’t answer that puzzle;I give up.译○我猜不出这个谜语，我认输了。

★ fantastic adj.幻想的，奇异的

例 What a fantastic goal!○译这球进的多漂亮！○【万能句型】

1.But another saying goes like this，“…”

译文：但是另外一句谚语是这样说的：“„„”

解读：这是引用谚语的一种句型，用谚语或古语来引出某种观点，使观点更有说服力。2.So in my point of view，I would prefer to„ 译文：因此，依我看来，我宁愿„„

解读：这种句型一般用在第一段，表明作者立场；也可放在最后一段，总结作者的观点。3.There are many reasons supporting my view.译文：有很多理由支持我的观点。

解读：这种句型一般用在第一段最后一句，引起下文。

17、保持健康是对社会还是对个人负责

People should look after their health as a duty to the society they live in rather than their personal benefits.To what extent do you agree or disagree？

【Model Essay】

The generally accepted definition of health is a state of complete physical，mental，and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.Some people maintain that people should look after their health as a duty to the society they live in rather than their personal benefits.I agree with this position and my arguments for this point are listed as follows.On the one hand，the healthy condition of the national people is the symbol of the nation’s peace and prosperity.We can’t forget the fact, in the end of 19th century, not only the Chinese people were sneered at “oriental illness”, but also the territory was invaded and exploited.And at the contemporary age, a nation’s prosperity very much depends on the contribution made by its citizens who are in good health.Healthy people can devote to working and bring more benefits to the society.They can enhance productivity of the society and create more fortune.As a result, the entire society tends to be more wealthy and harmonious.On the other hand, health care is the prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the preservation of mental and physical well-being through the services offered by the medical，nursing, and allied health professions.So we can see that people who neglect their health would impose heavy burdens on the society they live in.As mentioned above, we gradually recognized that health is a matter of everybody in practice but not an individual matter.It is a positive concept emphasizing both social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities.【高分词汇】

★ definition n.定义，释义

例I made a definition for this word.○译我给这个词下了定义。○★absence n.不在，缺席，缺乏，没有

例 A major problem is the absence of water.○★look after

照顾，照看（某人或某物）

例They don’t look after themselves very well.○译他们没有很好地照顾自己。○★prosperity n.繁荣

例The new agreement raised hopes for conditions of prosperity and harmony.○译新的协议唤起了人们对繁荣和和谐前景的期望。○★harmonious adj.和谐的，协调的，和睦的

例The advantages of harmonious relations far outweigh the disadvantages of confrontation.○译和谐关系的好处远远大于冲突的坏处。○★prevention n.预防，防止

例Prevention is better than cure.○译预防远胜于治疗。○★impose vt.强加，强迫

例Overcrowding impose mental stains.○译 过度拥挤使精神紧张。○【万能句型】

1.The generally accepted definition of …is… 译文：被普遍接受的„„的定义是„„

解读：这种句型一般运用在第一段，用定义的方法引出话题。被定义的往往是题目中的关键词。本文就是首先运用对“健康”一词定义，为下文展开话题作铺垫。2.On the one hand，„ 译文：一方面，„„

解读：这个句型一般用于论述作者赞成或反对某种观点的一个方面的原因，如果是用于第二段开头，这一句的内容就是该段的中心句，后面会包括几个更具体的原因。3.On the other hand，„ 译文：另一方面，„„

解读：这个句型一般用于论述作者赞成或反对某种观点的另一个方面的原因，和on the one hand配对使用。

第四节——环境与动物保护

18、技术发展与环境问题

Development in technology causes problems.Some people believe the solution to these problems is for everyone to live a simpler life, while others say that technology can solve these problems.Discuss both views and give your opinion.As we all know, certain developments in technology lead to environmental problems.The best example I can give for this is the industrial revolution, and manual labor was largely replaced by machines, which were operated by burning coal and fossil fuels.This is thought by many to be a major cause of pollution and other environmental problems since the waste and after–products of burning fuels are usually disposed of into the air and water.How to solve these problems? Before rendering my opinion, I think it is important to analyze the following arguments on two sides.Some people advocate that living a simpler life and less consuming lifestyle is a solution to the matter, and everyone should certainly make an effort to be less wasteful in their daily lives.However, although this method may be the most practical one, it would require an extraordinary amount of effort from everyone which perhaps a little too much to expect.And sadly, some people may not be cooperative with any steps taken to ensure such a lifestyle because they have become too comfortable in their over-consuming way of life.Others point out that technicians are working hard to find ways to keep the earth clear.For example, scientists have studied clean technologies like batteries and wind power for years because of the threat of climate change.At the same time, with the development of technology, energy companies can produce more energy while emit less carbon dioxide.Admittedly, both sides are reasonable.But they are one-sided.In my opinion, the country should build up and carry out scientific development philosophy in an all-around way and set up environment-friendly policies and systems to develop recycling economy and stick to the way of new industrialization.Moreover, we should reinforce international cooperation in terms of environmental protection and sustainable development.【高分词汇】 ★lead to 导致，引起

例 In given conditions, a bad thing can lead to good results.○译在一定条件下，坏事可以导致好的结果。○★industrial revolution 工业革命

例 That country must have an industrial revolution.○译那个国家必须进行工业革命。○★make an effort 做出努力

例 The prisoner made an effort to escape.○译囚犯企图越狱。○★extraordinary adj.非常的，特别的，非凡的，额外的

例 There will be an extraordinary meeting next Wednesday to discuss the emergence resolution.○译下星期三将会有一个额外安排的会议专门讨论紧急决议。○★cooperative with 和„„合作

例Patients should be cooperative with the doctor in order to recover from the disease.○译病人要与医生合作，以期早日康复。○★carbon dioxide n.【化】二氧化碳

例Soft drinks contain carbon dioxide.○译软饮料中含有二氧化碳。○★build up 逐步建立，增强，增进

例 The pressure on the enemy is building up.○译对敌人的压力在不断地增强。○★carry out 执行，贯彻

例He carried out the plan in very detail.○译他一丝不苟地执行哪项计划。○★all-around adj.全面的，综合性的

例 This is an all-around dictionary.○译这是一本综合词典。○★environment-friendly adj.环保的，有利于环境的

例 A new kind of bags, environment–friendly shopping bags were introduced by our ○government

译一种新型，环保的购物袋被我们的政府引进了。○【万能句型】

1、Some people advocate that„ 译文：一些人提倡„„

解读： 在分析两方观点之前，需先引出观点内容。这种句型就是用来引出题目中一方观点的常用表达，放在第二段句首，表示开始分析一方的观点。

3、Others point out that…

译文：另一些人指出„„

解读： 这种句型常常用来引出题目中另一方的观点，放在第三段句首，表示开始分析另一方面的观点。

19、个人与环境保护

Some think that these environmental problems are too big for individuals to solve, while others think that individuals can solve these environmental problems if they take some action.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.【Model Essay】

It is true that one person alone does not have the capability to solve all environmental problems, such as pollution, deforestation and depletion of natural resources.However, this does not mean that an individual is completely powerless when it comes to protecting the environment.It is our duty as individual to try our best to deal with these problems.A good example of an individual can make sense is Al G ore, the democratic candidate for the US presidential elections for 2000,and his film An Inconvenient Truth.His film reached enormous popularity and helped gather much attention to the state of the earth and how pollution affects it.It is hard to say how much effect this had on the environment due to people’s changed attitudes, but it certainly helps arose people’s consciousness of protecting environment.Individuals can also join together and make a difference.For example, the Greenpeace Organization has also attached much attention to the cause of a cleaner environment and organized individuals to take an active part in some environmental-friendly actions.Individual’s actions can also be turned into united power when, for example, the whole neighborhood is mobilized to participate in a local campaign to oppose environmentally damaging policies.All in all, the earth is our home and each individual has responsibility to take care of it, not only for ourselves but also for our later generations.So we must work together to protect the environment and there is also a great deal that we can do alone.For example, we can save energy at home, like turning on the air conditioner only when we have to, or turning water heater down a few degrees, which is also ultimately good for the environmental.【高分词汇】

★try one’s best 竭尽全力，尽力

例 Whatever you do, try your best.○

译无论你做什么，都要尽力而为

○★make sense 讲得通，有意义

例 This sentence doesn’t make any sense ○译这个句子没有意义。○★arise vt.引发，激起，唤起

例 During the night a great storm has arisen ○译夜里来了一场大风暴。○★consciousness n.意识，知觉，自觉，觉悟，个人思想

例 The experience helped to change her social consciousness ○译这种经验有助于改变她的社会意识。○★ turn into（使）变成

例 Joan is turning into quite a skilled musician ○译琼正在变成一个技艺精湛的音乐家。○★ participate in 分担，参加

例 The people are demanding a chance to participate more in government ○译人民要求更多的参与政事的机会。○★ work together 共同，携手

例 Some people think that we should work together to protect the environment ○译有些人认为我们应该携手共同保护环境。○【万能句型】

1.When it comes to„„ 译文：当谈到„„

解读：这种句型常用来引出观点或问题，可以用在第一段，也可以用在其他段落。本文用在第一段，引出作者的观点。2.All in that…not only…but also… 译文：总之，……这不仅仅是…，也是…

解读：这种句型一般用于最后一段第一句，总结全文，得出结论，并进一步解释原因。

20、乘飞机旅行应该更便宜还是更贵。

Many people think cheap air travel should be encouraged because it gives ordinary people freedom to travel further.However, others think this leads to environmental problems, so air travel should be more expensive in order to discourage people from having it.Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.【Model Essay】

Whether air travel should be cheaper or more expensive has become a hot topic for discussion recently.Some people contend the price should be lifted to discourage it, which can contribute to environmental protection.Nevertheless, quite a few people stand on a very different ground.Both sides of argument are well supported by sound reasons.People who support that discouraging air travel by more expensive price give some of the following reasons.For one thing, air pollution by a plane could be dozens of times as that of common vehicles.And increasing the price of air travel can prevent many people from unnecessary journeys and reduce the use of planes and fuel.Less use of air flying produces less pollution.For another thing, raising the price of air travel could encourage the use of other cheap, clean and efficient high-tech protects as communication tools, like mobile phones, the Internet and computers, which can substitute for business travel by air.However, the other side of the coin voices its strong opposition, saying that cheap air travel has obvious merits.In the first place, lower price and superb systems of air communications make it possible for modern travelers to visit far away places at a moderate cost within hours.Actually, traveling by air has so far been the best way for people to travel around the world, considering the distance covered, the number of passengers transported and travel time.Admittedly, both opinions make sense, and consequently it is hard to decide which one is more valuable.From my own perspective, international traveling by air has so far been the most economical and efficient way which should not be rudely discouraged by improving the price.And the cost of air travel should sustain at a reasonable level.【高分词汇】

★lift vt.升高，提高，举起，空转

例 This window will not lift.○译这个窗户推不上去。○★ substitute for 用„„代替，（使）代替

例 Can you substitute for the singer who is ill? ○译你能替一下那位生病的歌手吗？ ○★superb adj.挺好的

例 They’ve designed us a superb plan.○译他们给我们设计了一个极好的计划。○★so far 迄今为止

例 So far ,so god ○译到目前为止，一切顺利。○

★sustain vt.支撑，撑住，维持，持续

例 We do not have enough money to sustain our campaign for long.○译我们没有足够的财力是宣传活动长期保持下去。○★reasonable adj.合理的，有道理的

例Fresh vegetables are reasonable in winter, too ○译冬季新鲜蔬菜的价格也不贵。○【万能句型】

1.Both sides of argument are well supported by sound reasons.译文： 双方论据都有合理的理由

解读：这个句型一般用在第一段最后一句，在提出双方的观点之后，用这个句型表示作者对双方观点的态度并引起下文，在对称式写法中经常用到这个句子。

2.Admittedly, both opinions make sense, and consequently it is hard to decide which one is more valuable.From my own perspective… 译文： 无可否认，双方观点都有一定的道理，因此很难确定哪一方更有价值。在我看来，…

解读：这种句型一般用于对称式写法的最后一段，与第一段相呼应，同时表明作者的立场。

21、个人在环境保护中的作用

Many people think it is important to protect the environment, but they make no effort on it themselves.Why is it and what your opinion? 【Model Essay】

Environment means the land, water and atmosphere we live by.However, pollution is, in fact, threatening it severely.People are also beginning to realize just how serious the whole situation is and they appeal that it is time to protect the environment.They are worrying, but do not make any effort yet.The reasons are chiefly as follows.On the one hand, many people think individual actions are too tiny to be noticed and their behaviors are indifferent to the environment.It will not get better for one`s effort, and will not worsen for one`s ignorance.On the other hand, some people think that environmental problems are too big for individual to deal with.No single person can save the environment.That is why nobody takes any action by himself.How can we protect environment at individual level? Individual actions, small as they may be, can prove more effective than we realize.We can avoid driving cars, and walk, take public transit or bicycle instead.This will reduce the use of fuel and cut pollution.Saving energy at home, like turning on the air conditioner only when we have to, or turning water heater down a few degrees, is also ultimately good for the environment.Individual`s actions can also be turned into united power when, for example, the whole neighborhood is mobilized to participate in a local campaign to oppose environmentally damaging policies.From what has been mentioned above, we can see that environmental protection is pretty complicated, which need each one`s effort and willingness.And it is the duty and responsibility of every individual to protect the environment.But the most pressing and complicated problems go far beyond an individual`s capability and so require the concerted effort of the environment as well as the global community.【高分词汇】

★threatening adj.胁迫的，危险的

例 That dog is very threatening.○译那条狗非常吓人。○★appeal vi.求助，诉请，要求

例 This job is rather appeals to me.○译这工作对我很有吸引力。○★ tiny adj.很少的，微小的

例 The baby put his tiny hand in mine.○译那个婴儿把小手放在我的手中。○★indifferent adj.无关紧要的

例 His manner was cold and indifferent.○译他的态度既冷漠又无动于衷。○★complicated adj.复杂的，难解的

例 This is the most complicated case I have ever handled.○译这是我所处理过的最为复杂的案子。○★pressing adj.紧迫的，迫切的

例 Pressing business matters prevented him from taking a holiday.○译他因生意上有紧迫事情而不能去度假。○★concerted adj.商议定的，协定的

例 He woke his audience to the need for concerted action.○译他使听众意识到有必要采取一致的行动。○【万能句型】

1.On the one hand, … On the other hand,….译文： 一方面„„，另一方面„„

解读：在论述原因或优缺点时，如果只有两点，就可用这个句型。它可以使段落层次清晰。本文第二段就采用了这种句型结构。类似的表达还有For one thing,…For another thing… 一方面„„另一方面„„ From what has been mentioned above, we can see that… 译文： 从上面谈到的，我们可以看出„„

解读：这种句型一般用于结尾段第一句，总结全文。

22、自然资源损耗

The natural resources such as oil, forests and fresh water are being consumed at an alarming rate.What problems does it cause? How can we solve these problems? 【Model Essay】

There is nothing unusual about energy like coals and oils being consumed, principally because economic development depends on natural resources all the time.But today, energy depletion is on a massive scale and this problem is so knotty that should deserve our closer heed.Amongst the diverse factors contributing to the energy crises around the world, government`s policies and citizens` extravagant use of automobiles are probably the two most significant ones.Additionally, the amount of private cars increases at such a breakneck speed that the petroleum used amounts to an intimidating proportion of the natural resources.The consequences are undoubtedly disastrous for human beings.Although countries can boast their growth of GDP, their citizens have to endure the ever deteriorated environment with stinking gas belching from factories and vehicles, polluted water due to fuels infiltrating underground, even ultraviolet radiation in the absence of ozone layer.Therefore, their quality of life is by no means improved.Therefore, the governments must take serious steps to attack those problems.The first and foremost is that governments have to reverse their minds and no longer deem the growth of GDP their first goal.Rather, the betterment of citizens` quality of life should deserve more attention than the economic growth.Furthermore, the use of private cars should be discouraged by authorities, who must shoulder the responsibility of improving public transportation in order to facilitate people as well as release the burden of energy consumption.In conclusion, to avoid the phrase “filthy rich” added to themselves, countries must pay more heed to the efficient use of energy and the issue of environmental protection;otherwise, environmental problems and energy crisis are feared to happen all around the world.【高分词汇】

★natural resources 天然资源

例 We must develop the natural resources of our country.○译○我们必须开发我们国家的天然资源。★all the time 总是；始终

例○ All the time people are seeking to prolong life.译○人们总是在寻找延长生命的方法。★heed n.注意，留意

例Take heed not to spill milk on the rug.○译○当心别把牛奶洒在地毯上。★extravagant adj.浪费的，过分的 例○Am I being extravagant? 译我这样是不是太奢侈？ ○★breakneck adj.要使颈骨折断似的，非常危险的 例○June worked at a breakneck pace to execute her plan.译琼废寝忘食地工作以实施其计划。○★boast v.自夸，以有„„而自豪

例She made a boast of her son`s talent and daughter`s beauty.○译○她夸耀她儿子聪明，女儿漂亮。★by no means 绝不

例Theory should by no means be separated from practice.○译○理论绝对不应该脱离实际。

★attack vt.攻击，抨击，动手处理（某事）例○We shall fight them back if they attack.译他们如若进攻，我们必将反击。○【万能句型】

1.Therefore, … must take serious steps to attack those problems.译文： 因此，……必须采取严厉的措施来解决这些问题。

解读：这个句型在问题解决型的题目中经常用到，这一句话是总述，接下来会提出解决问题的具体措施。

2.In conclusion,…Otherwise,… 译文： 总之„„否则„„

解读：这种句型一般用于最后一段，用于总结全文，得出结论，otherwise 表示从反面进一步加以论述。

第五节——媒体与艺术

23、报纸对人们的影响

Newspapers have become an enormous influence on people’s ideas and opinions.Is it a desirable or undesirable situation.【Model Essay】

Newspapers have been playing an essential role in shaping people’s thoughts on a wide range of issues.In my opinion, this complex phenomenon has both positive and negative aspects which need to be analyzed respectively.To a large extent, this situation is a desirable one with its many positive aspects.First of all, unlike works of fiction, newspapers mostly report actual occurrences.Therefore, when any opinion is expressed, whether intentional or not, they are regarded as fact along with other undisputable stories the paper presents.This is how newspapers influence the opinions of the public.In addition, many major newspapers have smoothly operated branches, seasoned correspondents and highly efficient systems to collect local news with the swiftest actions.Most importantly, their coverage and insightful comments can encourage young readers to form their own opinions on current affairs.On the other hand, people should be fully aware of the downside of the journalistic dominance.For example, newspapers tell stories that could be exaggerated or simply untrue to spur negative feelings towards a certain group.In addition, since we already know that newspapers can shape people’s opinions, it is difficult to judge whether those who believe one thing are actually holding their own opinion, or being influenced by the press.This simply means that whoever controls the press controls the opinions of the people, which results in a low variety of opinions.To sum up, newspapers have become so influential that it would be easy for people to believe that something did not happen if it was not reported.So I suggest that more privately run newspapers should be permitted to be publish, which can provide opportunities for the public to deliver their own opinions freely.【高分词汇】

★Regard as 把„„认作 例○ Don’t regard fantasies as truth.译 不要把幻想看成事实。○★Seasoned adj.经验丰富的，老练的 例 He is a seasoned traveler.○译○ 他是一位有经验的旅行者。★Correspondent n.通讯记者，通信者

例 They said foreign correspondents who stayed too long in a place went blind.○译○ 他们说，驻外记者在一个地方待得太久就变得不能发现新事物了。★Coverage n.新闻报道，报道量

例○ There’s little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.译 报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。○★Insightful adj.富有洞察力的，有深刻讲解的

例○ They have a reputation for being intuitive and insightful.译 他们既有敏锐的洞察力，又有深刻的见解。○★Be aware of n.知道

例 Always stay alert and be aware of your surroundings.○译○ 随时随地保持警惕并意识到你四周的环境。★Comment n.解释，评论，意见 例 Comment is needless.○译○ 解释是不必要的。

★Dominance n.优势，支配地位

例○ Their economic dominance has merely been postponed.译 这些新兴经济体要占据经济主导地位还欠火候。○★Influential adj.有影响的，有势力的

例○ He is a very influential man in the government.译○ 他在政府中是个很有影响的人物。【万能句型】

1、In my opinion, this complex phenomenon has both positive and negative aspects which need to be analyzed respectively.译文：在我看来，这种复杂的现象既有积极地方面，也有消极的方面，需要深入分析。解读：这种句型常常用于第一段末尾，表明作者的观点，同时引起下文。

2、To a large extent, this situation is a desirable one with its many positive aspects.译文：在很大程度上，这种情况是好的，有许多积极地方面。解读：这种句型常常用于第二段第一句，表示开始分析积极的方面。

3、On the other hand, people should be fully aware of the downside of„„ 译文：另一方面，人们应该充分认识到„„这种不利的方面 解读:这种句型常常用于第三段开头，表示开始分析消极的方面。

24、音乐的作用

Many people think music plays an important role in society;others, however, believe music is simply a form of entertainment for individuals.What’s your opinion? 【Model Essay】

Nowadays, music is becoming increasingly prevalent at an amazing rate.As to the function of it, there is a long-running controversial debate.A majority of people contend that music is simply a form of entertainment for individuals, but others believe music plays an important role in society.Personally, I side with the latter opinion.No doubt, music is very relaxing.After a day of hard working, it is fun to listen to some music at home.You can even play a musical instrument for a while.In this way, music relieves the tension caused by the problems of a long day of work.At the same time, music plays an more important role than just entertainment.To begin with, music has the function of motivation.Exciting music can promote the morale of people.For example, when Chinese people fought against the invaders, many pieces of music were composed to encourage the spirits of the nationals.So the final victory should also credit much to the music.Then, music can act as a kind of communicating method.That is to say, people can feel the feelings in the music.Furthermore, music can raise people’s sense of art and their appreciating level, which helps them to pursue healthy hobbies and reduce their bad behaviors.Finally, music can console people from sorrows and make them feel mentally quiet.Whenever people hear music, you see them smiling and tapping their feet along with the beat.From the above analysis, we can reach the conclusion that music has various functions rather than individual entertainment.For the existence of music, the world keeps wonderful and peaceful.And we should not neglect the great importance of music.【高分词汇】

★Prevalent adj.普遍的，流行的

例 The habit of travelling by airplane is becoming more and more prevalent.○译○ 乘飞机旅行的习惯变得越来越盛行了。

★Side with 与（某人）站在同一边，和(某人)持有同样的见解 例○ She always sides with me.译 她总是站在我这一边。○★ relieve vt.减轻，缓解

例○ The doctors did their best to relieve the patient.译○ 医生们尽力减轻病人的痛苦。★Morale n.士气，斗志

例 The morale of the enemy troops is sinking lower every day.○译○ 敌军的士气日益低落。

★Credit to 为„„增光的人（事物）

例○ The sportsmen are determined to be a credit to their country.译运动员们决心为国增光。○★Sense of art 艺术感

例○ Music can raise people’s sense of art.译○ 音乐能提升人们的艺术感。★Pursue vt.追赶，追求

例He began to pursue an easy and comfortable life.○译○ 他开始追求安逸舒适的生活。★Along with 和„„一起

例○ Tobacco is taxed in most countries, along with alcohol.译 和酒一样，烟草在大多数国家都要征税。○【万能句型】

1、No doubt…… 译文：无疑，„„

解读：此句型常用在第二段开头，是一种让步的说法，表示承认题目中某方的观点，但这并不是作者主要要论述的观点。

2、At the same time,„„plays a more important role than just„„ 译文：同时，„„有着更重要的作用，而不仅仅是„„

解读：此句型常用在第三段开头，这是作者支持并且要重点论述的观点，接下来会具体说明有哪几点重要作用。

25、媒体应否报道犯罪细节

Some people think media should not report detail of crimes to the public.To what extent do you agree or disagree ? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.【Model Essay】

Recently, the discussion about whether the crime in the newspaper and on TV should be described at length has become a heated one.Some people assert that the media coverage of crime details should be banned while others claim that such reports have their own advantages.Before presenting my view, I seek to analyze the issue from different angles.From some people’s points of view, there are many good reasons for opposing the detailed description about the crimes in the newspaper and on TV.Firstly, the reports of criminal details often contain numerous of erotic, corrupt and provoking episodes, which may carry great risks and bring negative influence to young people.Furthermore, media reports of criminal details are unfair for the victim of crimes.The victims who have suffered greatly from these crimes would feel they were forced to experience a nightmare again.Many others, however, take a quite strong opposite attitude towards this issue.They believe the detailed descriptions about crimes should not be banned.The fundamental reason for this is that such reports keep the public alert to crimes.Should all these reports disappear from the media, it would be very hard for the public to know about the crimes occurring in society.As far as I am concern, I strongly believe that the detailed descriptions about crime in newspaper and on TV should be controlled to some extent.At the same time, we cannot deny the advantages brought by them.Therefore, we should encourage the media to inform the public about the criminal acts, but not in great detail.【高分词汇】

★At length充分地；详尽的

例○He went into the subject at full length.译○他详细地研究了这个问题。★Contain vt.包含，容纳，容忍

例○Whisky contains a large percentage of alcohol.译○威士忌的酒精含量很高，★Episode 一段情节，插曲；片段 例○The episode of this film sounds good.译○这部电影的插曲很好听。

★Suffer from 患（某种病）；受（某种病痛）折磨；因……而受罚（苦、损）例○Sometimes I still suffer from these weaknesses.译○有时我还是在吃这些弱点的苦头。★Nightmare梦魇，噩梦

例○I a had nightmare about being drowned in a lake.译○我做了个在湖里淹死的噩梦。★Disappear消失，不见

例○The snow will soon disappear when the warm weather comes.译○天气变暖时，雪很快就会融化。★Occur 发生，出现

例○I hope this won’t occur again.译○我希望不要再发生这种事情。★To some extent某种程度上

例○National economic growth accelerated to some extent.译○国民经济增长速度有所加快。【万能句型】

1.From some people’s points of view, there are many good reasons for apposing … 译文：从一些人的观点来看，有许多理由可以用来反对……

解读：这种句型常常用于对称式写法第二段的第一句，是这一段的总述，接下来再从几个方面分别讲述。

2.Many others, however, take a quite strong opposite attitude towards this issue.译文：然而，许多其他的人对这个问题持有完全相反的态度。

解读：这种句型常常用于对称式写法第三段的第一句，是这一段的总述，接下来再从几个方面分别讲述。

26、老年人使用手机和网络

With technology speeding up, more and more young people begin to use mobile phones and the Internet, but old people have little chance to be exposed to them.What ways could mobile phones and Internet be useful to old people? How do old people be encouraged to use these new technologies? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.【Model essay】

New technologies such as mobile phones and the internet not only bring a lot of fun to youngsters, but also have an important effect on senior citizens who would like to keep pace with the age.However, after thorough survey, we find that unlike the youth, most old people are afraid to try these new technologies.For one thing, based on pondering on many occasions, the new technologies could be useful to old people in the following ways.Firstly, it is convenient for them to keep in touch with their children who live independently or study overseas by using mobile phones or e-mails.They could communicate with their children on line or by sending instant massages.Besides, if some of old people feel physically uncomfortable or get in danger outdoors and alone , they could immediately make an emergency call or inform their relatives or friends.For another thing, we can see that old people are reluctant to learn new technologies, so some feasible measures should be taken to encourage them to use the high-tech products.First and foremost, they should be specially designed for the old people, i.e., they should be cut down parts of the subsidiary functions and easy to operate.Moreover, the buttons and displayed characters should be extra big so that old people could see them clearly.furthermore, these products should

be cheap enough to be acceptable to the old people.Last but not least, as far as the old people concerned, they are also really supposed to be a bit more confident to make use of the new technologies.Generally, I should say that let the high-tech facilitates both young and old people’s lives, which need the technologists to make just one step forward.【高分词汇】

★Keep pace with 并驾齐驱

例○Our theoretic work must keep pace with our revolutionary practice.译○我们的理论工作必须和革命实践相适应。★Keep in touch.保持联络 例○We’ll keep in touch with you.译○我们将和你保持联系。★Independently独立地，自立地 例○Can you complete it independently? 译○你能够独立完成吗？

★Communicate with 与……联系，与……交往 例○I communicate with him regularly by letter.译○我与他定期通信。★Get in 到达

例○What time does the rain from London get in? 译○从伦敦来的火车何时进站？ ★Reluctant 不顾的，勉强的 例○He gave me a reluctant assistance.第六节——科技

27、农业领域的新发展

Some people support the development in agriculture such as factory farming and scientific creation of new type of fruits and vegetables.some people oppose it.Discuss both views and give your opinion.Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.【Model Essay】

It is widely acknowledge that the debut of new things always accompanies debating and arguing.Some people support the development of agriculture, such as factory farming and scientific creation of fruits and vegetables, while others oppose it.Undeniablely, there are points in both sides of the argument..Those who favor the new development of agriculture give their reasons as follows.Firstly, traditional agriculture has always been slow and lack of efficiency in mass production of food.So it is necessary to introduce scientific methods to create new fruits, vegetables, ect， which can ensure the citizens have enough meat, corns, fruits and vegetables to consume.Secondly, factory farming can be very profitable since we can get rid of the impact from climatic factors and pest invasion, which can promote economic development.However, the other side of the effects cannot be ignored.First and foremost, this way of agricultural production may do harm to our health.For example, in order to make pigs grow faster, a lot of chemic ingredients are added into the feeding stuff.When we eat the meat of the animals fed up by the feeding stuff, the ingredients come into our innards.Cancers and other diseases may attack us with the accumulation of these harmful chemic ingredients.In addition, this production way can seriously pollute the environment.Tons of chemic fertilizers are spread into the fields, which will ruin the soil.After years of farming, this soil would be so barren that no plants are suitable to grow there.As far as I am concerned, I agree with the former.In modern society, traditional modes of agriculture are too slow and monotonous to fulfil the appetite of global citizens.We should grasp the opportunity to accelerate the development of agriculture.【高分词汇】

★ debut n.初次登场，开张

例○ Helen made her debut at a party when she was eighteen.译○海伦十八岁时在一次聚会上初次进入社交界。★ get rid of 摆脱，除去 例○ we must get rid of this bad style.译我们必须去掉这种不良作风。○★ attack vt.攻击，抨击，动手处理（某事）例○ We shall fight them back if they attack.译○他们如若进攻，我们必将反击。

★ accumulation v.加速，促进 例○ The capitalists only care about the accumulation of weath.译 资本界只顾积累财富。○★ accelerate v.加速，促进

例○ We must seize all opportunities to accelerate development.译 必须抓住一切机遇加快发展。○

【万能句型】

1.Undeniable，there are points in both sides of the argument.译文：不可否认，辩论的双方都有道理。

解读：这个句型一般用于对称式写法第一段的最后一句话，表示作者接下来要开始对两种对立的观点分别进行分析。

2.Those who favor …give their reasons as follows.译文：那些支持„„的人理由如下。

解读：这种句型一般用于对称式写法第二段的第一句，表示开始论证正方的观点。3.However, the other side of the effects cannot be ignored.译文：然而，另一方面的影响也不能被忽视。

解读：这种句型一般用于对称式写法第三段的第一句，表示开始论述反方的观点。

第七节——犯罪

28、对犯罪分子的惩罚

Some people think that criminals should be given longer terms in prison, so as to reduce the crime rate.To what extent do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.【Model Essay 】

With the incidence of crime hovering at high levels, many have become disturbed and alarmed.And a growing number of people have begun to insist that criminals should be given longer terms in prison, so as to reduce the crime rate.They argue that the law offenders should be punished severely.At first thought, this opinion seems to be sensible and sound.But on second thought, I find it is not often the case.The reasons are given below.The first one is that longer terms in prison may be unfair to the criminals.Punishment should match with the crime, which is a major principle and has been acknowledged by most countries.If criminals are given longer terms than they deserve, this act itself is a kind of crime which deprives the basic human rights of criminals.Besides, some of the criminals are very talented people and may be experts in some fields.So after a certain term of imprisonment, they should be set free and use their talent to serve the society.If they were detained in the prison for longer terms ,they may lose the opportunities of making good use of their skills.The third one is that if criminals were locked up in prisons longer, the government would spend more money providing them food and shelter.This is a huge waste of wealth.Taking into account all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that giving criminals longer terms in prison is not the only way to prevent crimes.At the same time, the government should take some other measures to combat against crimes.For example, the government may reclaim criminals by education and teaching then skills.【高分词汇】

★ offender n.犯罪；冒犯者

例 Reckon leniently with a first offender.○译○ 对初犯者从宽发落。

★ punish vt.惩罚，处分

例○ The parents punished their disobedient child.译 父母惩罚了他们不听话的孩子。○★ severely adv.严重地，严格地

例 His courage was severely tired.○译○ 他的勇气收到了严峻的考验。

★ sound adj.健全的，可靠的，合理的

例○ You had better establish a sound foundation for your further study.译 你最好为将来的深造打下牢固的基础。○★ match with 使„„和„„相配（称）

例○ What you have said doesn’t match with the facts.译○ 你所说的跟事实不完全相符。

★ principle vt.应得；应受(赏、罚等)，该奖[罚] 例 These machines work on the same principle.译 这些机器按同样的原理运转。

★ deserve vt.应得；应受（赏、罚等），该奖（罚）

例○ If you do wrong, you deserve punishment.译 你如做错事，应当受罚。○★ set free 释放

例○ We pray you to set the prisoner free.译○ 我们恳求你释放这个囚犯。

★ Detain vt.扣留，拘留

例○ The policeman detains him as a suspect.译○ 警察把他当做嫌疑犯而加以拘留。

【万能句型】

1.With the incidence of …hovering at high levels, many have become disturbed and alarmed.译文：随着„„的发生率居高不下，这引起了很多人的困扰和警觉。解读：这种句型常常用于第一段第一句，介绍背景，引出要讨论的话题。

2.Taking into account all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that 译文：考虑到所有的这些因素，我们可以得出结论„„

解读：这种句型常常用于结尾段第一句，承接上文，得出结论。

29、预防犯罪的措施

Many people are afraid to leave home because of crime.Some believe that more actions should be taken to prevent crimes, but others feel little can be done.What’s your view? 【Model Essay】

Nowadays, the incidence of crime is growing at a staggering rate, which leads to some people are afraid to leave home.Such a grave situation merits our careful attention.Some suggest that more effective measures should be taken to guard against crimes, while others feel nothing can make sense.From my part, I totally consent to the former point of view.We should take effective measures to solve the problem.The basic way to stop so many crimes is the serious punishment and actions taken by the government.We should put more police force to protect the public security, especially in some high-crime ratio areas.And the police force should be armed with the most advanced equipment for their better performance in their daily work, With the help of the latest technologies, such as the surveillance skill, computer skill and etc, the work of policemen will become efficient and the rate of crime will decrease gradually.And for common people, what they need to do is to keep alert, try best to avoid any possible crimes.At the same time, learn some basic skills to defend crimes.For instance, do not walk along the dark footpath at night when you get back home from work;put your bag to the front instead of at back when walking in the crowded throng.In a word, do not give any chance to the criminals.So in my opinion, it is totally unnecessary for people to stay at home because of the crimes.Many things can be done to prevent crimes, If you have fully preparation, it will become relatively easy for you to treat with the crime.And even you encounter, you can reduce your lost to its minimum.【高分词汇】

★staggering adj.蹒跚的，摇晃的，令人惊愕的

例○He was half in the bag and staggering slightly.译○他已半醉，走路有点摇摇晃晃。

★guard against 提防，预防

例○ We should take measures to guard against accidents.译○我们应该采取措施防止事故发生。

★arm with 用……武装起来，装备有……的

例○ The government was armed with many facts and figures.译○政府以许多事实及数字作为武器。

★surveillance n.监视，监督

例○ We must keep these people under close surveillance.译○对这些人我们要严密监视。

★encounter v.遭遇，遇到，相遇 n.遭遇，遭遇战

例○ It seems probable(that)we might encounter some unexpected troubles.译○我们很可能会遭遇到一些意向不到的麻烦。

【万能句型】

1.Nowadays, the incidence of … is growing at a staggering rate, which lead to some people … 译文：如今，……以惊人的速度增长，使得一些人…… 解读：这种句型常常用于第一段第一句，介绍背景，引出话题。2.So in my opinion, it is totally unnecessary for … to … 译文：因此在我看来，因为……而……实在没有必要。

解读：这种句型一般用于结尾段第一句，总结全文，提出自己的观点。

第八节——文化与旅游

30、特殊日期的意义

Nowadays many charities and other organizations publicize their activities by giving a name to a particular day every year, like National Non-smoking, National Children’s Day, etc.Why do these organizations do this? How effective can these special days be? 【Model Essay】