第一篇:英语3写作次重点
开放英语3写作
一、1.日常活动2.主要工作(职业活动)3.社交生活
Dear Bob, I’ll tell you something above my daily life in this email and hope you will find it interesting.I usually get up early and go to work at 8 o’clock.I have lunch in the office.And I come back home at six.As a secretary, I deal with phone calls, emails and faxes during work hours.I also do the paper work for the manager.After work, I like to do shopping with friends or watch TV at home.Sometimes, I also like to chat on the Internet.Best regards, Michelle 二.1童年的梦想2.目前的情况3.对未来的希望
Dear Jennifer, Thank you for telling me about yourself.I’d like to let you know more about me too.As a child, I wanted to be a detective.I thought a detective was really great because he could solve criminal cases to do justice.But my dream never came true.I’m now a librarian, dealing with books every day.The work is nothing thrilling, but I like it.Since there are more and more electronic materials, I hope that we will have an e-library built soon.Looking forward to hearing from you again.Best wishes, Ian 三.1.事件发生的时间和地点2.人物3.事件的经过
One day last week, a girl parked her car outside a fashion house.As soon as she was inside, two men opened the car door, started the engine and drove away in just one minute.When the girl recovered from the shock, she called 110.Luckily, there was a police patrol car nearby.So the girl got in the police car and they drove in the direction where the thieves escaped.Twenty minutes later, they found the car waiting at a busy crossroad for the traffic lights to turn green.Needless to say, the car thieves were caught red-handed.Part II.Use of English 四.1.自主(autonomous)学习与远程教育2.自主学习与合作(collaborative)学习3.你自己的学习情况 Autonomous learning is an important learning style in distance education.It is an essential skill for distance learners because they study alone most of the time.They do not meet their tutors or classmates very often.However, distance learners can learn a lot from each other.So autonomous learning and collaborative learning go hand.I am a distance learner.I have to do most learning tasks by myself.Meanwhile we have group activities every two weeks to complete some learning tasks or share experiences.I have found both forms of learning very helpful.五.1.有一种观点认为:城市生活比乡村生活好2.你对这种观点的看法3.你的结论
Some people believe that country life is better than country life.I don’t agree with this.Town life can be convenient to us in many aspects.For example, you can move around easily, shopping can be more fun in a big shopping mall and you can enjoy a more colorful nightlife.But there are also many disadvantages.It is much nosier than in the country.Air pollution is more serious.It is not easy to park your car.It costs more to live in town.To name but a few is enough.Therefore, I prefer country life.六1.保持身体健康的重要性2.保持身体健康的方法3.重申保持身体健康的意义
Nowadays, more and more people know the importance of keeping healthy.Without a healthy body, we can do nothing.For me, there are three main ways to keep healthy.First, it is necessary to keep a balanced diet, which is the basis of good health.It is better for us to have more fruit and vegetables everyday.Secondly, it is important to take regular exercises, such as swimming, jogging and so on.Last but not least, it is essential to keep in a good mood.Relaxation and entertainment are ways to renew our spirits and release our stress.When we make healthy habits a part of our everyday life, we are bound to keep healthy.七、1.哪一种是你最喜欢的交通方式2.阐述你的理由3.作出结论 In a modern city, there are many means of transportation, such as subway, taxi, bus and so on.But my favorite means of transportation is by bike.First, riding a bike is good for keeping healthy.I spend one hour riding a bike to my office on my working day, and I think it is a good form of physical exercise.Secondly, it is money-saving.Recently, the private car drivers always complain the price of gas is higher and higher, but if you ride a bike, it will cost you nothing.Thirdly, it is beneficial for protecting the environment, so it is a “green ”form of transportation.Therefore, although it has some disadvantages, I like riding a bike best.八、1.描述你家的位置2.各个房间的功能3.表达你对你们家居条件的态度 My home is a newly-built house in the north of the city.We have three rooms in addition to the kitchen and bathroom.The first room is the main room or living room.It is for having meals, relaxing, reading, watching television and so on.It is the busiest room in the house.The second room is my daughter’s bedroom.She sleeps and dresses there.The third room belongs to my wife and me.It seems quite spacious because we have little furniture.We sleep, prepare lessons and generally relax there.I think my home is cozy and I like my home.十.写投诉信(1)假设你是A.Banister, 你对正在你家进行的装修工程感到不满意,你向经理Mr Townsend 写一封70-80词的投诉信,将你的问题和所作的决定告诉他。(2)假设你是游客Mary Brown, 你曾于元月14,15日住在Hotel Royal,你对那里的住宿感到不满意,你向经理(不知姓名和性别)写一封70-80词的投诉信,将你遇到的问题和希望得到的解决方法告诉他。3.该题的具体要求:内容要点:(1)你遇到的问题;(2)你的决定或希望得到解决的方法。Dear Mr Townsend, I am writing to you to complain about the work on my house.I am not pleased with the work you have done.The chimney is not satisfactory, and I am unhappy about the path.I am also concerned about the roof.The quality of the work is not good enough in my opinion.I am also appalled by the mess in the garden.Generally I am very dissatisfied with the work.I am therefore withholding payment until you put it right.Yours sincerely, A.Bannister Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to you to complain about my stay at Hotel Royal.I stayed there on the 14th and 15th January.I was dissatisfied with the shower.It was too cold.I was unhappy with the room.It was very dirty.Also I was surprised by the restaurant.It closed very early.I would like the hotel to refund me some of the money I paid.Yours faithfully, Mary Brown 十四.写提出忠告的电子邮件..假设你是Jim,你给一位健康状况欠佳的朋友Pat写一封120词左右的电子邮件,以自己的情况向她提出坚持锻炼的忠告。4.该题的具体要求.内容要点.(1)你朋友的问题及你的简况;(2)你向朋友提出的忠告。Dear Pat, Last time I saw you, you didn’t look too good.I felt just the same a few months ago, and so I started going to the gym, and I’m also on a diet and now I’m feeling really good.I hope you don’t mind if I give you some advice.You should go to the gym and get a personal trainer.You shouldn’t take the lift when you go upstairs and you shouldn’t take the bus to work.You should walk through the park.Always have fruit for breakfast and never eat too much fat.I am sure that if you stuck to this routine for a month, you would see the difference, and if you gave up smoking too, you would feel fantastic.Anyway, let me know how you get on.Good Luck!Jim 18.写一篇80词左右的短文,介绍中国的风俗习惯,给即将到中国访问的外国朋友提建议。该题的具体要求:内容要点:主要的文化差异及风俗习惯。In China, when you meet someone for the first time you shake hands and say, “ni hao?” meaning “How do you do?” The reply to it is another “ni hao?” If you are invited to someone’s house for dinner, it is usual to take a present – some toys for the children, or flowers, wine, tea, etc.for the host or hostess.But don’t give the presents at the door and don’t expect the hosts and hostesses to open the gifts.We only open the gifts until after the guest leaves.You don’t need to telephone the next day to thank the host, unless you want to.Chinese people tend to talk about personal things, and talk about a person’s age, so don’t feel offended about that.Good topics for small talk are children’s education, food, sports, health, holiday, weekend activities and so on.19、写一篇短文,描述你所认识的一位朋友。字数约为80词。该题的具体要求:内容要点:(1)人物的姓名,关系(name and relationship)。(2)描述外貌,性格(describe his/her appearance and character)。(3)描述行为(describe something that happened to him/her.)I’m going to write about my mother, Yang Meishun, who I like very much.My mother is medium height.I look up to her because she’s gifted in many ways and I learned a lot from her, such as cooking, knitting and handiwork.She likes cooking, walking and reading, and she doesn’t like singing KTV.She is warm, good-natured and outgoing.I remember once one of my friends wanted to learn embroidery, and my mother taught her patiently.She always invites my friends to come to our house.We get on very well.I like my mother very much.20、写一篇80词左右的短文描述你就读的学校的情况。该题的具体要求:内容要点:描述你过去或现在就读的学校的情况。On-the-job training and life-long learning is very popular now.Many people attend courses after work in order to improve themselves with more advanced knowledge and skills.I am one of them.I work as an accountant, and therefore I study at Shenzhen TVU, majoring in accountancy.I think the courses are specially designed to help us to pass the national examination for the professional title in accounting.We study part-time, attending the tutorials in the evening or at the weekend two or three times a week.Most of the time, we study at home, reading books or the Internet resources.By the end of each term, we take final examinations.If we pass all of the exams, we will gain enough credits and then get diplomas and degrees.21.假设你是吴华,想去北京21st Century 报社应聘,请根据下面表格写一封80-90词左右的应聘信。姓名吴华职业记者工龄11年出生年月1965年7月6日出生地中国吉林长春外语英语、日语、德语有何特长会使用计算机 个人简历1990年北京大学新闻系毕业 1990年至1996年12月在深圳日报社工作 1997年至1998年在英国BBC学习一年 1999年回报社新闻编辑部,任主任至今 Dear Sirs, My name is Wang Hua.I have been a journalist for eleven years.I’m writing to apply for the post of journalist you advertised for in the 21st Century.I was born in Changchun of Jilin Province on July 6th, 1965.I graduated from Journalism Department of Peking University in 1990.And then I worked in Shenzhen Daily From 1990 to December of 1996.I also studied in BBC in England for one year from 1997 to 1998.After that, I came back to Shenzhen daily in 1999 and have been the director of the news editorial department since then.Since I have such experience and I am good at computer and acquainted with three foreign languages including English, Japanese and German, I think I have the qualities to fit the job.Please give me an opportunity of personal interview on your most convenient date.I should be grateful if you could kindly give me an early reply.Yours sincerely, Wang Hua
23、假设你是一位顾客, 在一家商店买了一台彩色电视机。回家后发现没有图象,经过与商场营业员交涉,没有得到满意解决,你向商场经理Mr Gao写一封70 – 90词的投诉信,将你的问题和希望得到的解决方法告诉他。Dear Mr Gao, As a customer, I am writing to you to complain about the colour TV set that I bought from you market.When I brought it back home, I found it had no picture.Although I talked about this problem with the salesman, but I didn’t get a satisfactory solution.So I have to write to you.You must check it and put it right or exchange another one for me.Otherwise you should refund me the money I paid.I look forward to hearing from you.Yours sincerely, Mary Brown 24.你同学建华在国外学习,你们经常用英文通信。他即将完成学业,不久前来信说将回国工作。请根据下列提示回信:词数 80左右; Dear Jianhua, I’m very glad to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago.I’m very glad to know that you have finished your studies abroad.And what you are studying is well needed nowadays in China.It will be quite easy for you to find a good job.I know a few big companies in our city are hoping to hire people like you.I’m working for the computer company now, and I must work from nine clock to five.If you are free, please come to visit me.I am looking forward to your letter.Best wishes, Minghua 25.根据下面的中文提示,写一封电子邮件给你以前的一位同学,字数要求不少于80): 1.了解对方最近的学习情况。2.你的学习情况。3.请对方说说提高英语水平的经验。Dear Jane, How are you getting on with your study these days? Do you enjoy your study? Now we are studying politics, economics, maths, English, writing and so on.I find politics and maths interesting and easy to handle, while English is still my headache.The worse thing is: I have to take an English exam in the coming month.I am quite anxious about it.You are always good at English, I know.Can you tell me how to improve my English? I’ll really appreciate your help.Looking forward to your reply.Yours, Jack 8.My favorite means of transportation.(我最喜欢的交通方式)
In a modern city, there are many means of transportation, such as subway, taxi, bus and so on.But my favorite means of transportation is by bike.First, riding a bike is good for keeping healthy.I spend one hour riding a bike to my office on my working day, and I think it is a good form of physical exercise.Secondly, it is money-saving.Recently, the private car drivers always complain the price of gas is higher and higher, but if you ride a bike, it will cost you nothing.Thirdly, it is beneficial for protecting the environment, so it is a “green ”form of transportation.Therefore, although it has some disadvantages, I like riding a bike best.l.了解对方毕业后的情况2.你的近况。3.遨请对方方便时来访。
Dear li fang: It has been five years since we separated after graduation from college.After I have leaned by chance that you live in the same city with me, I am so excited about the fact that we are so near but never get any chance for a meeting.Five years is long enough to bring about many changes to us.I work in a trading company and met my husband there who is the vice manager of the same department I work.We just got married last year and we will have a baby in three months.I am very happy with my present life.I am so eager to know more about you.So would you contact me for a meeting as soon as you read my email? You can reach me any time at 33335555 Yours!Yang li l.告诉对方你最近将出去旅游。
2.了解对方所在地的旅游景点。3.请对方给予帮忙安排。
Dear Zhang lan: I am very glad to let you know that we will have a one-week holiday next month.You know I have been looking forward to a trip for nearly two years.So I collected two of good friends to enjoy the trip with me.After much consideration, we at last planned a trip to your city.You know we have got round to nearly every place worth seeing in my province.So this time we must take the chance to make a long journey.Your city is well known for its places of historic interests which greatly attracts us.But one week is not long enough to visit all of them.Thus we need your brief introduction of the places most worth a visit.Since it is the first time to go to your city, would you help us with an arrangement for a local trip and accommodation? Thanks!Guo feng 1.了解对方近来状况.2.通知对方同学将在元旦举行聚会.3.请对方参加。
Dear Zhouyi: Another year has passed since we met last time on the reunion party of former classmates.The only news about you is that you got a promotion, so would you reply me an email with more details about how you are getting on? This letter is mainly to inform you that this year's get-together of the former classmates will be held on the fist day of new year.You know this is the only occasion when we can catch up on each other.We are looking forward to your attendance by the time.Yours!Liang shan l.了解对方最近的学习情况。2.你的学习情况.3.请对方说说提高英语水平的经验。
Dear Li hua: It has been two years since we went to different colleges after our graduation.I know you were the best in English in high school, so I believe you are still in a leading place with English in your class.Last year I took the college English test band four, but I got so low a mark that I want to try again this term.I don't like my other subjects to be disturbed by only the English test.For a satisfactory result, I need your help with your experience of English learning.Thank!Deng ping 1.你的近况.2.请对方帮你购买英语语法书.3.遨请对方方使时来访。Dear Lihua, Five years is long enough to bring about many changes to us.I work in a trading company and met my husband there who is the vice manager of the same department I work.We just got married last year and we will have a baby in three months.I am very happy with my present life.Now I need an English grammar book..Can you help me to buy one? I can't find a suitable one here.I haven't seen you for ages.If you have time, please come here.I will show you around my city.It is worth seeing.I am so eager to know more about you.So would you contact me for a meeting as soon as you read my email? You can reach me any time at 33335555 Dengping 6.my hometown(我的家乡)
My hometown is called Wencun, located in Taishan county, Guangdong province.My hometown is at the seaside of the South Sea, it takes about two hours to get there from Jiangmen city.The population is about 50 thousand.They are mostly farmers and usually very friendly, but a bit conservative.People still hold onto a lot of old traditions, but they are very kind, for example, if you ask someone for directions, they are always try the best to help you out.It's a quiet place and I like it.10.Spring Festival Spring Festival is Chinese new year, it is also called the lunar new year and it’s the greatest traditional festival in a year.Before the day, we clean the room, sweep the floor, dust the furniture.We are all very exciting.In the evening, we have dumplings and have a big meal.In the morning of Chinese new year, we have noodles.We go out and visit friends and relatives.We say Good Luck and Happy New Year to them.We are dancing and singing.Everybody is happy and gay.9、Why we learn English English is one of the world's most widely used languages.and is spoken as a native language by over three handred million people in the world.English is often necessary for official business,education,information, international trade and other activities in many countries.Our country is a developing country, if we wants our country strong and rich, we must learn the advanced technology and science from the developed country.We should use English as a weapon in our life.So we must learn English well.
第二篇:2003考研英语写作重点
2014考研英语:11月,如何高效备考写作 2013-11-05 09:50
时至11月,考研随之也进入倒计时,作文,作为考研英语中占据30%分值的部分,绝对不容忽视。关于写作部分今年的大纲没有任何改动,虽然年年岁岁 题相似,但是岁岁年年愁煞人,对于广大考生来说,是最没有把握的部分。要想应对写作,光有好的英文基础还是不够的,要想拿高分,必须了解考试的目的,考试 评分要点,有的放矢的准备。一篇好作文应该是紧扣文章主题,遵循特定的文体格式,选用恰当的语言合理组织文章结构,内容统一、连贯,语法、拼写、标点正确,用词恰当。在考 研英语作文评分中,语言第一位,结构第二位,内容第三位。所以最重要的是无错误的语言表达,逻辑词的运用。一定要记住,阅卷老师阅卷时间极其有限,其评分 标准主要是错误量和语言的变化。这二者是高分的重要条件。英语是讲究变化的。这种变化不光是词汇还包括句型。请尽可能的回避掉那些被阅卷老师看得直想吐的 陈词滥句,比如,“I think”, “very important”之流。但是各位考生也千万不要为了追求词语的华丽而堆积一些自己也没把握的单词,不要刻意追求长句而写一些自己不知对错的有多个从句组成的长句,不要 因为大量套用很多难词难句而走进写的越多,错误越多,错误越多,分数越低的误区,词句的高级,语言的漂亮都应该是建立在表达准确的前提之下,不然还不如使 用简单但是正确的语言的得分高。所以,这是一个需要取舍的问题。所以不同的考生应根据自身的情况量力而行,要清楚知道你的能力极限是什么,那些难词难句是 否超出你的能力范围,适合自己的才是最好的。
最后为了降低错误率,写完之后,请务必检查一遍。英语写作时考生由于仓促,紧张等原因,很容易犯一些简单的,一眼就能发现的错误。检查不检查最 少有两分之差,看看拼写是否有误,主谓是否一致,单复数有无问题,时态正确与否。所以海文考研希望考生一定要留出几分钟时间用于修改。不要大幅度进行修 改,更不要因为修改破坏卷面整洁,卷面整洁永远比你想象的要重要的多。这直接影响阅卷人的第一主观判断。
语言的应用能力不可能一蹴而就,必须经过长期的实践锻炼,才能厚积薄发。
第三篇:英语摘要的写作重点
英文摘要
一.英文摘要的写作注意事项
1.一般不要对论文内容作评论,尤其是自我评价。
2.结构严谨,表达简明,语义确切。摘要先写什么,后写什么,要按逻辑顺序来安排。句子之间要上下连贯,互相呼应。每句话要表意明白,无空泛、笼统、含混之词。摘要不分段。
3.用第三人称。建议采用“对···进行了研究”,“报告了···现状”,“进行···调查”等记述方法表明文章的性质和文章主题,建议使用“本文”,“作者”等作为主语。
二.要写好英文摘要,作者(考生)必须要回答好以下几个问题。
1.本文的目的或要解决的问题
2.解决问题的方法及过程
3.主要结果及结论,陈述文章的结论是应该用现在时态
三. 范文临摹
Directions:
Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80-100 English words on Answer Sheet.冬季的体育锻炼
尽管冬季寒冷,但是仍需进行必要的体育锻炼。寒冷的气候条件下进行体育锻炼,一定要注意自我保健,否则,会适得其反,冻坏身体。冬季体育锻炼项目主要有滑冰、滑雪、晨练、冬泳等,下面结合冬季气候作介绍。
首先是着装问题。服装的隔热值必须与运动中增强的代谢产热过程平衡。在冷天中多穿衣服,衣服在皮肤之外包住一层温暖的空气,使传导散热过程减弱。但在运动时,机体的产热大大增加,如果穿得过多,反而有害,应穿轻便的衣服。这样在运动中产热增加时,可以方便地脱掉。近年来服装制造商在发展轻质服装方面不断改进,这样可以保证良好的隔热性,同时又保证了活动的自由性。
在寒冷环境下运动时,机体能量代谢增强,产热增加,此时机体血管扩展,大大降低了身体对寒冷的抵抗能力。因此,在运动间隙要特别注意保暖,及时加衣。寒冷环境中运动能量消耗大,代谢水平高,使身体内的能源物资消耗增多,在代谢过程中还需要各种维生素的参与,如维生素B1、B2、B3、烟酸、维生素C等需求增加。
因此,对于从事滑冰、滑雪及在寒冷环境下锻炼者的膳食,应注意增加较多的热量。一般来说,冬季比春季从事同等强度的运动热量消耗高10℅左右。据测算,一个成年人两小时的滑冰练习可增加消耗1000-1500千卡热量。在三大物资的比例中,因脂肪具有产热量多的特点,且增加脂肪有助于机体御寒,故应适当增加脂肪的供能比例,一般可占全部热量的25℅-30℅;而蛋白质也应偏高,占12℅-18℅;其余由糖来供给。体育运动者按每天消耗3500卡热量计算,蛋白质约需130克,脂肪150克,糖约480克。相当于每天应摄入米饭或馒头600克左右,鸡肉100克,瘦猪肉200克,鸡蛋两个,牛奶两杯,植物油50克等。冰雪项目锻炼中,膳食中维生素也应相应增加,维生素C能增强人体对寒冷的适应能力。据文献,摄入大量维生素可明显减少寒冷环境中的体温下降幅度,缓解机体肾上腺的过度应激反应,增加机体耐寒能力。
冬泳是我国北方的一大特色,冬泳健身在理论上有其科学性,但冬泳毕竟是一项冒险的运动,必须掌握科学的方法。反之,就会影响身体健康,甚至诱发疾病。一是冬泳锻炼应从
秋季的冷水浴开始,逐渐提高对寒冷的适应能力;冬泳期间应加强高能力饮食的补充,冬泳前不要喝酒;对于心、肝、肾有严重疾病的人或脑血管病、溃疡、关节炎患者,以及妇女在月经期均不宜冬泳。
冬季有晨练习惯的人,遇大雾天,最好在室内进行,一是雾天能见度低,容易发生交通事故;二是冬雾中含有对人体有害的酸和胺等污染物,吸入人体易引起气管炎、喉炎、结膜炎和一些过敏性疾病。另外,冬季晨练应尽量用鼻呼吸,鼻道能对人的冷空气预热,鼻粘膜能阻止吸入空气中的灰尘。对于严重的疾病患者,冬天的耐寒锻炼更应适度。锻炼时应根据病情变化适当减少或增加幅度,以防旧病复发。注意循序渐进,掌握体育锻炼与药物治疗相结合的原则。在天气过于寒冷时,最好不要外出锻炼。
Physical Exercises in Winter
In this essay, the author gives some tips for self-health care in winter exercises.Firstly, special attention should be given to clothing during winter exercises.Meanwhile, it is important to keep warm during breaks, for strenuous exercises make our blood vessels expand and thus reduce our cold resistance.Secondly, more fat, protein, sugar and vitamins should be added in daily diet to meet the need of 10% higher energy consumption.Thirdly, if you want to go winter swimming, scientific instructions should also be followed.High-energy diet and cold shower in autumn are necessary for winter swimmer.At last, as for those who are fond of morning exercises in winter, the author suggests indoor exercises when there is heavy fog outside.
第四篇:写作重点
一、名词解释(5个*4分)
1、行政公文的定义:行政机关的公文,是行政机关在行政管理过程中形成的具有法定效力和规范体式的文书,是依法行政和进行公文活动的重要工具。(2000年8月24日发布的《国家行政机关公文处理办法》第二条)
2、启事:是机关团体、企事业单位、公民个人有事情需要向公众说明,或者请求有关单位、广大群众帮助时所写的一种说明事项的实用文章。
3、推荐信:一种向用人单位推荐人才的书信。有向某单位自荐的,也有第三者荐举的。有荐举贤能、公私兼顾的特点。
4、讣告:讣告又称“讣文”、“讣闻”。讣告就是由逝世者的家属或治丧委员会或逝世者生前的工作单位,向逝世者生前亲友和有关团体、个人报丧所使用的一种文书。分为:一般式讣告、公告式讣告、新闻报道讣告。
5、欢迎词:欢迎词是东道主出面对宾客的到来表示欢迎的讲话文稿。有欢愉性和口语性的特点。从表达方式上分为现场讲演欢迎词和报刊发表欢迎词,从设焦点公关性质上分私人交往欢迎词和公事往来欢迎词。
6、祝辞:祝辞也写作祝词,指在喜庆场合中对人对事表示祝贺的言辞或文章。祝辞是行政机关、企事业单位、社会团体或个人在喜庆场合对某人或某项即将开展的工作、事业表示祝福的言辞或文章。祝词一般是在市区表示未果时表示的一种祝愿和希望。
7、开幕词:开幕词是大型会议开始的时候,由组织召开会议的机关的主要领导人向大会全体代表发表的讲话,开幕词的内容主要是阐述会议的指导思想、宗旨、重要意义、向与会者提出要求并对会议的成功表示祝愿。
8、消息:消息是对新进发生或发现的有新闻价值和社会意义的事实的迅速及时、简明扼要的报道。
9、通讯:通讯是一种比消息更详细和生动地报道客观事物和典型人物的新闻体裁。可以用描写、议论、抒情、叙述等多种手法来写人写事。它的作用是评价人物、事件推广工作经验,介绍地方风貌。
10、深度报道:是一种系统而深入的反映重大新闻事件和社会问题,阐明事件因果关系,揭示实质,追踪和探索事件的发展趋势的报道方式。
二、简答(4个*8分)
1、行政公文的特点:
①制发具有程序性:撰写和制发过程中,它要受公文处理程序的严格制约,如公文的制发,必须经过起草、核稿、签发等程序。
②格式具有规范性:公文格式有惯用的格式和法定的格式两种,惯用格式是约定俗成的,用于普通公文中计划和总结的格式,发到各市是权威关规定的,有一定的法律效益。
③公文有法定作者制发:公文的法定作者是指依法成立并能以自己的名义行使职权和担负义务的机关或组织。(撰写和制发公文不是个人所为,所体现的是机关或组织。)
④法定权利的制约性:公文只能由法定的作者制发,法定的作者即社会组织的机关及相关部门都规定了隶属关系和职权范围,其公文式这种隶属关系和职权范围的反映。
2、申请书的写作要求:
①实事求是,一事一申请,向谁申请要明确,不能越级申请。
②简明扼要,申请理由要充分,表达更具体。
③朴实诚恳,真情实感,语言简洁朴实,态度陈恳,要有真情实感,理由要充分,表达要具体。
3、感谢信的特点:
①公开感谢和表扬,感谢信除了具有感谢的意思之外,还有表扬的功能。除了送给对方或对方的所在单位之外,也可以寄到报社,电台,电视台播报。
②情感性:感谢,顾名思义就是有感而发,对对方的帮助、关心发自内心地感谢,是对方在付出劳动后得到心理的受益。所以感谢信要真挚,诚恳,不能矫揉造作。③礼节性:感谢信是一种礼仪文书,一方受惠于另一方应及时地向对方表达谢意,并以此为契机加强与对方的友好合作关系。为了体现真诚,感谢信最好要手写,字体要规范、工整,用于张贴的感谢信必须用大红纸抄写。
4、表扬信的写作要求:
①叙事要实事求是,对被表扬的人和事的叙述一定要准确无误,既不夸大,也不缩小。评价要实事求是,恰如其分。
②要用事实说理,要充分反映出对方的可贵品质,写动人事迹要做到见人、见事、见精神。不要空泛的说理代替动人的事迹。
③表扬信语气要热情恳切,文字要朴素,精炼,篇幅要短小精悍。
5、慰问信分为哪三种并简述
(1)对做贡献的集体或个人的慰问
这类慰问主要针对那些承担艰巨任务、做出巨大贡献甚至牺牲了自己生命,取得突出成绩的先进个人或单位。如对抗洪抢险的解放军战士的慰问、对保家为国的边防军人的慰问、对春节期间仍坚守岗位的铁路工人的慰问,等等。
2.对遭受困难或蒙受损失的单位或个人的慰问。
这类慰问信通常是针对那些由于某种原因(如车祸、火灾、地震、暴雨等)而遭受到暂时困难或蒙受严重损失的集体或个人,对他们表示同情、安慰鼓励他们克
服暂时的困难而加倍努力。如对灾区人民的慰问、对边区群众的慰问等。
3.节目慰问。
在节目之际上级对下级,机关对支援群众的一种慰问。一般表示对他们以前工作的肯定和赞扬,并鼓励他们在未来的工作中作出更大的成绩。
6、礼仪文书的特点:
①交际性,作为社会交往,礼仪活动的问题,礼仪文书只要体现双方或多方愿望、喜好、情感、反映的是一种“双边”关系,为促进相互了解,彼此吸收对方长处和积极因素的目的,为增进友谊、加强合作、促进人际关系的和谐起催化剂的作用,②礼节性,礼仪文书注重“以礼待人”强调因人、因事、因地、因时地接人待物,用书面的文字材料加上礼仪活动,充分展示风俗的礼仪内容。
③规范性,礼仪文书一般都有比较固定的格式和用语,是一种比较规范化的问题,有时要特别注意文章开头和结尾,还有行文中的款式,这是一种约定俗成的格式而非法律规定。
7、祝辞和贺辞的区别:祝辞也写作祝词,指在喜庆场合中对事表示祝贺的言辞或文章。祝辞是行政机关、企事业单位、社会团体或个人在喜庆场合对某人或项 即将开展的工作、事业表示祝福的言辞或文章。祝辞一般是在事情未果时表示的一种祝愿和希望。
贺词是行政机关、企事业单位、社会团体或个人在喜庆场合对某人或某项已经取得成功的工作,事业表示祝贺的言词或文章。贺词一般是在事情既果之后而表示的庆贺的道喜。
祝贺与贺词的区别是显而易见的,祝辞是在事前,表示祝愿、希望,而贺词是事后,表示庆贺、道喜。但在某些场合却可以互用,今天人们在实际使用中又常常将祝辞、贺词混在一起,祝、贺之间也难以分清,所以这里我们将其归为一节进行介绍。
8、通讯、消息的区别:
消息是对新进发生或发现的有新闻价值和社会意义的事实的迅速及时、简明扼要的报道。
通讯是一种比消息更详细和生动地报道客观事物和典型人物的新闻体裁。可以用描写、议论、抒情、叙述等多种手法来写人写事。它的作用是评价人物、事件推广工作经验,介绍地方风貌等。
优秀的通讯都能写成消息,从内容上,消息主要以报道事件为主,向人们报道新近发生的事,通讯报道的是人,写人的思想及实践活动。从结构上,消息会把新现代东西放在前面,成倒金字塔结构,通讯泽斯要把材料串起来,全部都很重要。
从新闻时效说,消息要迅速,快,通讯则要求没那么严。信息量上消息单薄一些,通讯丰满一些,信息深度上,消息简单一些,通讯深一些。从资源占有上,占有的材料详尽写通讯,占有资料相对较少的写消息。
9、简述开幕词及闭幕词的特点及写作格式 开幕词特点:简明性,开幕词要简洁明了,短小精悍,口语化,通俗,明快,上口。写作格式:标题(大会名称加文中,致辞人姓名、大会名称、文种组成),署名(署致开幕词的领导人的姓名,放在标题下一行居中位置),日期(在书摩纳哥下一行正中位置,时间要加括号),称呼(对与会者的统称,后跟“同志们”或“女士们,先生们”后加冒号),正文(开头,主体,结尾。)。闭幕词特点:①总结性:肯定会议的重要成果,强调会议的主要意义和深远影响。②概括性:闭幕词应对会议整体情况进行高度的语言概括。
③号召性:要增强与会人员贯彻会议精神的决心和信心,富有号召性的和鼓动性。
④口语化:要适合口头表达,要求通俗易懂,生动活泼。
闭幕词的格式:标题(和开幕式的标题类似)有主副标题的写法,将主要内容或主要观点概括成一句话做标题。署名(置于标题下一回居中位置)日期(标题署名下居中位置)称呼(和开幕式称呼写法一致)正文(开头、主体、结尾)。
10、如何理解消息对当下生活的意义
11、深度报道中一个核心一个前提十二种武器如何理解
前提:采访是任何一篇新闻报道的关键。核心:讲故事。
十二种武器:细节,展现,虚实结合,起伏,呼应,棒喝,冲突,人物,情感,开局有气势有突兀感,结尾重在隽永,留白,结构两头小中间大。
三、实用文写作(3个*10分)
P39第二大题 一、二、三、四、六、小题请柬感谢信
四、案例分析(1个*18分)
1、新闻评论
2、推荐信(自荐信)
第五篇:应用文写作1-4次答案
第一次作业 一 填空题
1公文形成的主体是(国家机关及其他社会组织)。2规划、纲要、计划、安排等属于(事务)文书。
3公文的书面格式包括眉首部分、(主体部分)、版记部分。42000年8月(24日)重新修订了《国家行政机关公文处理办法》。二 简答题
1简述公文的书面格式的内容。
答:公文的书面格式内容主要包括以下几部分:
(一)文头部分内容 1.公文管理标识。包括公文代码、份号、秘密等级、缓急时限、以及收文处理等。2.公文版头。也叫发文机关版头。发文机关版头简称“文头”。文头是发文机关用来制发正式文件时使用的发文机关标识。3.发文字号。由发文机关代字、发文年号及该的发文序号组成。4.签发人姓名。在公文中标注签发人姓名,是表示公文生效并对该公文内容郑重负责的一个标志。一般供上行文选用。
(二)行文部分 公文的行文部分包括公文标题、题注、主送机关、正文、无正文说明、附件说明、发文机关署名、成文日期、机关印章与领导人签署、注释及特殊要求说明等项。1.标题。由发文机关、事由、文种三部分(习称完全式)组成。发文机关和事由可据文种要求去留(习称省略式)。2.题注。主要用于会议通过的时间或领导机关批准发布的公文。内容主要是注明公文产生的法定程序和产生时间,有时还注明生效时间,加圆括号置于标题下方居中的位置。但并不是每份公文都标有题注。3.主送机关。即发文机关要求对公文予以办理或答复的对方机关,也称受文机关。4.正文。是公文的主要内容。一般包括开头、主体和结尾三部分。5.无正文说明。无正文说明是指由于篇幅所限,使公文生效标识与正文不能同处在一个页面上而出现分离状况时,为维护公文的完整性而作的说明,即写”此页无正文”,标注位置应在发文机关落款一页的左上方第一行顶格书写,并用圆括号括上。6.附件说明。附件说明是用以说明附属在公文正文之后的有关文件材料的名称及件数的。附件是相对公文正件而言的。在内容上,附件是附属于公文正文的,它对正文的有关问题起补充说明或参考作用;在形式上,附件是公文的一个组成部分而不可随意分开,有附件的公文,附件就同正件一起组成一份完整的公文。附件说明则有助于附件的查阅与保护。公文附件的形式一般有图表、目录、名单、简介及其他有关文件材料。附件说明位于正文或无正文说明的左下方公文生效标识之上,注明所附文件材料名称及件数。然后,在发文机关落款和成文日期之后另起一页附上所列附件的材料。7.生效标识。包括发文机关署名、成文日期和机关印章。
(三)文尾部分 1.主题词。是反映公文主要内容的规范化名词或名词性词组,其作用是便于计算机检索。2.抄送机关。是指除主送机关以外的其他需要告知公文内容的上级、下级和不相隶属的机关。抄送机关名称标注于印制版记上方。抄送机关排名可依上级、平级与不相隶属、下级的次序排列,各级之间用分号。3.印制版记。包括印发机关名称、印制日期、印制份数位于公文末页下端。
三 判断改错题 错 改为 重庆市税务厅转发国家税务局全国统一税务文书样式的通报 错 改为 上级机关向双重领导的下级机关行文,必要时应当抄送其另一上级机关
四
滨海大学请求批准函 市教委:
由于滨海大学近年来教育事业发展较快,本科生已达8000人,研究生1000人,比八十年代初的规模增加了十倍。为了全市教育发展,现在需要扩建教学楼1幢、图书馆1个。请求市教委拨款。
当否,请批准。
滨海大学 2010年×月×日
第二次作业 一 填空题
调查报告从性质和作用分,可以分为(新闻性调查报告)、政务性调查报告、个案性调查报告。
根据机关之间不同的行文关系,可以将机关的行文分为上行文、(下行文)和平行文。公文的行文关系是根据单位各自的(隶属关系)和(职权范围)来确定的。二 简答题
简述公告与通告的特点和差异。答:公告的特点
公告具有公开性、周知性、庄重性、缜密性的特点。通告的特点:
通告除具有公开性和告知性特点外,还具有强制性、广泛性、专业性。
公告和通告都是告知性公文,但它们属于两个不同的文件,有着十分明显的区别:
1.发布机关不同。公告一般只由国家高级领导机关及其有关职能部门发布,基层机关和企事业单位无权发布公告。通告的制发机关则非常广泛,各级国家机关、人民团体和企事业单位均可制发通告。2.内容特点不同。公告的内容大都是已经发生或确定的,是事后告知,因而具有很强的告知性特点。通告则多用于事前制定某些规定或提出某些要求,让有关方面和广大公众遵照执行,因而具有很强的强制性特点。
3.使用范围不同。公告公布的范围是面向国内外的,而通告公布的范围则限制在一定范围内,因而公告的知晓范围比较广泛,通告的知晓范围则相对窄小。合同的主要条款包括那些内容?
答:合同的内容由当事人约定,一般包括以下条款:
1、当事人的名称或者姓名和住所;
2、标题; 3 数量和质量;
4、价款或酬金;
5、履行期限、地点和方式;
6、违约责任;
7、解决争议的方法。
合同的主要条款:是指合同应当具备的条款。它决定着合同的类型,确定着当事人各方权利义务的质和量,处于相当重要的地位。在有些情况下,欠缺主要条款,合同即不成立。主要条款包括: 标的——标的是合同权利义务指向的对象;
质量和数量——标的的质量和数量是确定合同标的的具体条件,是这一标的区别于同类另一标的的具体特征。
价款和酬金-——是有偿合同的主要条款。价款是取得标的物所应支付的代价;酬金是获得服务所应支付的代价。
履行的期限、地点和方式——履行期限直接关系到合同义务完成的时间,涉及到当事人的期限利益,也是确定违约与否的因素之一。违约责任——是促使当事人履行债务,使守约方免受或少受损失的法律措施,对当事人的利益关系重大,合同对此应予明确。
解决争议的方法——一旦合同成立,履行中产生争议,双方应通过协商、仲裁还是诉讼解决其争议,有利于合同争议的管辖和尽快解决,并最终从程序上保障了当事人的实体性权益
三 判断改错题 错 改为 重庆市人民政府2003年16号文,发文字号为“ 渝府发[2003]16号”。2,正确
四
文翰大学请求批准函
省教育厅:
由于文翰大学承接2009年全国大学生运动会,为了保证比赛的顺利进行,拟整修场馆和添置一些器材需资金80万,学校自酬20万,尚需60万,希望省教育厅能拨款支援。当否,请批准。文翰大学 2010年×月×日 公文处理流程的名称如下:
1、发文
发文主要包括思想观点的酝酿、材料的搜集与整理、文字起草与讨论修改、审核把关与领导签发定稿、印制发出。
2、收文
收文主要包括来文的签收、登记、分办、传阅、拟办、批办、承办、催办、答复。
3、公文管理
4、立卷归档 第三次作业 一填空题
1发文机关版头由(发文机关全称或规范化简称)和”文件”二字组成。
2在机关日常工作活动中,常常出现“文书”、(通知)和”公文”三种概念同时使用的情况。党政机关对重要事项或重大行动作出决策和安排的指导性公文是(公务文书)。二简答题 简述报告与请示的区别。
答:报告与请示的区别是:
1、具体功用不同。报告是呈阅性公文,主要作用是向上级机关汇报工作、反映情况、提出建议,属于陈述性公文;而请示是呈批性公文,主要作用是向上级机关请求指示批准。
2、内容含量不同。综合性报告大多涉及多个事项,即使是专题报告,也往往要涉及一个事项的几个方面,内容含量大、篇幅较长的报告比较多见;而请示的撰写强调一文一事,内容单
一、篇幅较短的请示比较多见。
3、行文时机不同。报告既可以写在工作开展之前,也可以写在工作进行当中或完成之后;请示必须写在事前,而不能先斩后奏。举例简述党政机关之间的四种关系。
答:我国行政区划主要分三级制,即省(自治区、直辖市)、县(自治县、市辖区)、乡(民族乡、镇),少数地方也有四级制,即在省或自治区与县或自治区之间设立自治州。它有两个基本特点。一是多种类别的行政区划建制并存。第一种是按省、县、乡分等的地域型建制,它是我国基本的行政区域建制。第二种是以城市化发展为依据,按直辖市、直辖区、镇分等的城镇型建制。第三种是按自治区、自治州、自治县分等的民族型建制,虽然这一类数量少,但所辖面积却占全国国土面积的60%。第四种是如香港及澳门特别行政区等的特殊型建制。二是在管理方式上采取了有虚有实制。在一些省、自治区与县、市之间,还有地区行政公署作为省、自治区政府的派出机构。县、自治县与乡、镇之间则有区公所作为县、自治县政府的派出机构。
三判断改错题 关于国家档案局办公室推荐使用两种圆珠笔油墨用于书写文件的函与复函
错 改为:关于国家档案局办公室推荐使用两种圆珠笔油墨用于书写文件的通知 国务院关于提请审议《中华人民共和国标准化法(草案)》的报告 正确
关于召开视频会议的通知
各区县电大,各分校、工作站,各有关学院: 为了搞好广播电视大学成立三十周年校庆,多侧面呈现电大办学三十年来取得的丰硕成果,更好地向社会展示电大办学特色及发展成就,学校决定于2010年10月23日召开有关电大校庆工作的双向视频会议,现将有关事项通知如下:
一、会议时间
2010年10月23日上午10:00开始。请各分校(工作站)22日下午与市电大技术中心进行双向视频设备联调。
二、会议内容
1、传达中央电大关于30年校庆的安排;
2、布置重庆电大30周年校庆准备工作。
三、参加人员
各分校、工作站主要负责人及校庆准备工作负责人。
请各分校(工作站)提前做好设备调试,安排好参会人员准时参会。特此通知 第四次作业
就根据自己的实际情况写个工作总结就好了。