英语广告语篇的会话含义分析

第一篇：英语广告语篇的会话含义分析

英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考

最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作 中西方婚礼习俗的差异 《黄鹤楼》五个英译本的语义等值研究 3 试析《弗兰肯斯坦》中的哥特风格 Comparison of Chinese Lunar New Year and Western Christmas Day—from the Perspective of the Ways of Celebrations 5 An Analysis of the Ambivalent Character of Frederick Winterbourne in Daisy Miller 6 浅析《儿子与情人》中的恋母情结 7 论关联理论对旅游资料英译的指导意义 8 从文化视角下看中美家庭教育的差异 初中英语阅读教学中存在的问题及对策研究 A Study on the Cross-Cultural Management in the Sino-American Joint-Venture Enterprises－－With Special Reference to Changan & Ford Motor Company 11 从文化角度谈旅游翻译 从跨文化交际中的语用失误看中西文化差异 13 浅谈跨文化视角下的英汉习语互译 14 标记信息结构在字幕翻译中的应用 15 诗歌《飞鸟集》的意象评析 16 汉英“龙”文化浅析 Psychological Portrayal in an Epistolary Novel－－－－On Samuel Richardson’s Pamela 18 从生态女性主义视角解析托尼• 莫里森的《宠儿》 19 新闻英语标题的特点和翻译 20 析《苔丝》中的象征意义 英汉动物习语中隐喻用法的对比分析 22 英语专业学生课外网络自主学习问题研究 23 丹尼尔·笛福的社会地位和鲁滨逊漂流记 24 英语广告的语言特点 Women in the Roaring Twenties– A Comparative Study of Female Characters in The Great Gatsby and The Sun Also Rises 26 口译中的简化与增补 伍尔夫的《到灯塔去》中的女性主义 On Symbolism in Fitzgerald’s “Winter Dreams”（开题报告+论文+文献综述）29 游戏在小学英语词汇学习中的运用 《呼啸山庄》和《远离尘嚣》中女主人公的女性意识的对比 31 Etiquette and Protocol on Intercultural Business Negotiation 32 《时时刻刻》中女性自我构建的研究 33 论中学英语互动教学

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女性的自我迷失与回归—从女性主义视角解读《蒂凡尼的早餐》(开题报告+论文)英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考

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艾丽丝•沃克《日用家当》中的人物解读 电影《阿甘正传》影视分析

目的论指导下《页岩》英译汉中的词类转译现象 外语学习中的个体差异

论简•奥斯丁《理智与情感》中两姐妹的成长 跨文化交际中英汉成语翻译初探

The Interpretation to Captain Ahab in Moby Dick through Abnormal Psychology 旅游景点名翻译的异化与归化 中美婚姻价值观对比

英汉“拉”类动词的语义成分和词化模式的对比分析 新闻英语标题的特点和翻译

论《亚瑟王之死》中的骑士精神

论教师的非语言行为在课堂教学中的作用

A Contrast of Two Chinese Versions of The Scarlet Letter The Linguistic Features of American Inaugural Address 广告翻译中的模因传播 谈电影片名汉译的不忠

模糊语在国际商务谈判中的语用功能研究 从跨文化角度对商标名称的研究 Cultural Differences and Translation 英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考

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《基督山伯爵》与亚历山大•大仲马的金钱观 86 浅谈当代大学生炫耀性消费文化 87 简爱性格研究

On Sister Carrie’s Broken American Dream from the Perspective of Psychology 89 相同的追求，不同的命运——《红楼梦》中的林黛玉和《傲慢与偏见》中的伊丽莎白比较

礼貌原则与中西文化的差异 91 仿拟在商业广告中的应用 92 英汉情感隐喻认知对比分析

对《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观重新解读 94 影响中学生学习英语的因素 95 中英身势语中的文化差异

An Application of Schema Theory in Interpreting 97 语用模糊及语用功能

浅谈中西方非言语交际中身势语差异

论原声电影对提高大学生英语听说能力的作用 100 A Study of Nonverbal Communication 101 分析内战对《飘》中斯佳丽的影响 102 颜色词的中英对比翻译

Analysis on Moon Image in Lawrence’s Novels－－－－－－Industrialism and Chauvinism 104 扼杀在萌芽中的期许— “一小时里故事”中的女权渴望 105

An Analysis on Teacher Talk in EFL Classroom Context 107 解析电影《黑暗骑士》中的美国个人英雄主义 108 从狼人电影解析狼文学

从功能对等角度分析英文电影片名汉译

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An Analysis of Feminism in The Scarlet Letter 115 英语基本味觉词“甜/苦”的隐喻机制 116 The Study of Symbolism in Moby Dick 117 从美学角度评张培基先生所译散文“巷” 118 中西方商务礼仪的差异

Semantic Analysis of the Chinese Word of Bai and Its Translation Strategies 120 看翻译中的文化因素 121 中美地下电影之比较研究

归化与异化翻译策略在英译汉语菜名中的应用 123 中西礼貌用语的语用对比研究 124 论疯女人形象对小说简爱所作贡献 125 英语财经报道中的词汇衔接研究

Pragmatic Consciousness in College English Teaching 英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考

127

批评与重新解读《日瓦戈医生》

Error Analysis on English Writing by Senior High School Students 130 Approaching English Vocabulary Teaching—a Lexicological Perspective 131 Consumerism in The Great Gatsby 132 从懒和熵的视角论《去十九号房间》中苏珊的罪 133 商务英语函电的语言特征及翻译策略

东西方饮食文化差异之餐具比较——筷子和刀叉 135 Feasibility of Popularizing Bilingual Teaching 136 浅析中西价值观差异对跨文化交际的影响及其解决方法 137 论《呼啸山庄》中两代人爱情模式的异同 138 《劝导》中安妮•艾略特的道德判断

A Comparative Study on the Two Chinese Versions of Sense and Sensibility from the Perspective of Foreignization and Domestication 140 《傲慢与偏见》中的女性意识分析

非英语专业学生学习英语的动机和策略调查

An Analysis on Feminism from the Perspective of Music in Little Women 143 中西方灾难新闻差异性研究-文化与传媒

A Paralysed Wilderness—The Appreciation and Analysis of Symbols in Araby 145 论英汉翻译过程

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高中英语写作前口语活动设计与实施建议

The Impact of Loan Words on English Vocabulary 149 英语委婉语的特点及运用

汉英谚语中关于文化价值观的比较

151 A Brief Study of Anti-female Bias in English 152 论《呼啸山庄》中希斯克利夫的矛盾情感 153 从功能对等角度看公示语的翻译 154 论英语称谓语中的性别歧视

155 An Analysis of Humor and Satire in Mark Twain's The Million Pound Note 156 哥伦布和郑和航海的对比研究——两次航海所反映出的中西方文化差异 157 论《小妇人》中的美国清教思想

158 从《鲁宾逊漂流记》看创新精神和知足长乐

159 《基督山伯爵》中大仲马性格的显现及其对主人公言语行为的影响 160 试析英语委婉语中的隐喻

161 Effects of First Person Narration on Thematic Expression in Araby 162 爵士时代美国东西部的差距在盖茨比的人生悲剧中所扮演的角色 163 从心理分析的角度探索《马贩子的女儿》中主要人物的心理现象

164 A Comparative Study of American and Chinese Spatial Language in Business Negotiation 165 The Dilemma of Career Woman in The Millstone 166 英汉被动结构对比研究

167 The Influences of the Bible on Some American Movies 168 浅谈《傲慢与偏见》中奥斯汀的婚姻观

169 东方主义视角下康拉德《黑暗的心脏》中西方殖民话语分析 英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考

170 试析《到灯塔去》中的女性主义 171 《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观

172 电影片段在中学英语教学中的运用 173 中英征婚广告对比分析研究

174 The Strategies in C-E translation of Chinese Culturally-loaded Words 175 从《傲慢与偏见》的婚姻看妇女的社会地位 176 电影英文片名汉译的原则

177 The Death of Willy Loman and the destruction of the American Dream 178 Cultural Elements in Chinese Film Subtitles and Their Translation Strategies 179 Saussure’s Five Contributions to Linguistic Study and Its Modern Applications 180 浅析简•爱的反抗性格及其形成过程

181 Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening的三中译本－－－－各译作对原作忠实度的对比评析

182 和谐与冲突：弗罗斯特和陶渊明田园诗的比较研究 183 从追求走向幻灭与死亡——谈马丁•伊登的美国梦 184 苔丝形象浅析

185 Roberta’s Role in An American Tragedy

186 从历届美国总统访华演说探讨其对中国所传递的价值观 187 从“动态对等”看品牌名的翻译 188 论翻译过程中的译者主体性 189 从桑提亚哥看海明威的奋斗人生 190 浅析伍尔夫意识流小说中的叙事时间

191 谈《傲慢与偏见》中伊丽莎白的女性主体意识

192 论英语被动语态的语篇功能及其翻译策略—以《高级英语》第二册为例 193 从《喜福会》透视中美文化冲突与融合

194 A Comparative Study of the Auspicious Culture in Wedding Custom between China and the West 195 Dickens’ Humanitarianism in The Two Cities 196 论苔丝悲剧命运的根源

197 英语广告语篇的会话含义分析

198 An Analysis of Racism in Of Mice and Men 199 世纪美国男权社会下女性的成长——解读《觉醒》中埃德娜的觉醒过程和原因 200 英语词汇学习策略探析

第二篇：运用会话含义理论提高商务交际

论文摘要:根据格赖斯的“会话含义”理论,商务会话中常会出现违反“合作原则”的四条准则的现象,在教学过程中运用会话含义理论是提高商务交际能力的有效途径。

随着国际经济文化交流日益频繁,社会对商务英语人才的需求迅速增长。目前我国已有几百所高校开设了商务英语专业或课程,对商务英语的教学研究已成为一项重要课题。

一、会话含义理论在商务英语教学中的应用

商务英语作为专门用途英语,即ESP的一个分支,其快速发展是从20世纪50年代末、60年代初开始的,此时的西方语言学界正发生着深刻的变化。1967年美国著名的语言哲学家格赖斯(H.P.Grice)在哈佛大学作的三次学术报告中指出:在所有的语言交际活动中为了达到特定的目标,说话人和听话人之间存在着一种默契,一种双方都应该遵守的原则,即会话的合作原则(cooperative principle)。他认为,言语交际双方都有相互合作、求得成功的愿望。为此,人们都遵守着某些合作原则,以求实现这个愿望,从而使谈话得以顺利进行,使谈话目标得以实现。合作原则是由四条准则构成的:量准则(quantity maxim)—所说的话应包含交谈目的所需要的信息;所说的话不应超出所需要的信息。质准则(quality maxim)—不要说自知是虚假的话;不要说缺乏足够证据的话。关系准则(relevantmaxim)——要有关联,即话语要切题。方式准则(man-ner maxim)——避免晦涩;避免歧义;简练;井井有条。合作原则的四条准则是人们在交谈中大多遵守的规则。然而在实际交际中人们并不都严格遵守这些原则。如果在言语交际中说话人一方的话语在表面上违反了合作原则,那么,他可能是故意这样做的,听话人一方就要根据当时的语境,推断出说话人表面违反合作原则的目的,也就是要明白他表面违反合作原则的隐含意义。格赖斯把这种在言语交际中推导出来的隐含意义称作“会话含义”(conversational implicature)。请看下面的例子:

A:What do you intend to do today?

B:I have a terrible headache.B没有直接回答A的问题,而是说了一句表面上同A的问话毫无关系的话作为回应。这是B故意违反了关系准则,只说她头痛,从而让A明白,她今天不打算做任何事情。只要略加留意,我们便会发现会话含义是人们日常会话中一个很普遍的现象。通常人们在口语交往过程中所表达的意义有两种:一是说话人所说句子的字面意义;一是超越字面意义的隐含意义,即会话含义。如果谈话的参与者都有把话继续下去的愿望,那么听话人就得借助谈话人的常识、共有知识及推理能力来作语用分析,以理解对方的弦外之音。商务活动的最终目的是为了与他人成功地进行交易,为达此目的谈判者在会话过程中必然遵循合作的原则。在商务口语交际中,由于受当时的交际环境、交际心态、交际对象以及交际语言等多种因素的影响,说话人常常会用违反合作原则的话语进行交流。如果商务人员能够运用一定的会话含义方面的理论,就可以透过对方话语的字里行间推导出其“会话含义”,以领会对方言外之意,使商务交际活动得以顺利进行。以下拟就商务英语会话中违反合作原则的现象予以探讨,以期对商务英语教学及商务谈判的顺利进行有所帮助。

(一)违反数量准则

请看以下对话:

A:That’s our proposal.Please give your idea in de-tail·

B:I’m afraid that the proposal you put forward just now isn’t up too much·

在上述的对话中,B的答话显然违反“量”方面的“所说的话应包含交谈所需的信息”这一准则,因为B只是用少量而含糊的信息——“你刚才提到的方案不怎么样”来回答A的提问。从而,可以推导出回答的含义:A的方案并不是最佳方案。在商务会话中,出于利益与礼貌等方面的考虑,谈话者经常用较少或含糊不清的信息来传递足够的信息,并能对复杂的事物做出高效处理。

同样的,在商务会话中,也有违反“量”方面的另一准则“所说的话不应超出所需的信息”。其特点是故意向对方提供“多余”的信息,使对方从多方位、多角度了解我方情况,以增强与我方进行交易的信心。例如:

A:If your prices are favorable and if l can get thecommission I want,I will place the order right away·

B:I’m sure you’ll find our prices most favorable.Elsewhere prices for hardware have gone up tremendous-ly in recent years.Our prices haven’t changed much·

这里B的第一句话已提供了足够的信息:从下面多余的话里中,我们可以推导出其含义:通过与其他地方的小五金价格比较,你肯定会发现我方的价格是很优惠的,从而说服对方马上定货。

(二)违反质量准则

违反质的准则就是言过其实。除了说谎,说话人多半会使用隐喻、反语、夸张等语用修辞手段来让听话人从中推导出他的隐含意义。在下列对话中,A公司代表团访问B公司,A公司总经理与B公司总经理进行了友好会谈。会谈后,A公司总经理说:I am of theopinion that our meeting is fruitful,but there is only onepoint that I feel disappointed,what I feel disappointed isthat there is no single issue at all that needs debating be-tween our two companies·

A公司总经理的表述不仅说到一半,戛然而止,而且正话反说,把两公司之间“没有任何分歧,看法完全一致”说成“而我只对一点感到失望”,这无疑是对“说真实的话”,“不说自知虚假的话”的“质量”准则是一种违反。然而,正是这种违反才产生了“会话含意”——会谈成果丰硕,因此也更加烘托了两公司会谈友好融洽的气氛。我们再来看一个商务口语教材中关于价格磋商方面的例子。

A:It’s not our price which as you said is low,butit’s your price which is too high·We’re climbing thehill,you know: and we’re doing that in a very difficultway;and we have made it.But you are just standingthere high up on the top not willing to descend.B:We’ve tried to get closer to you several times,and we’re halfway down the hill waiting for you already·

很显然,双方在这段会话中都采用了隐喻的修辞格,都是说话人有意违反会话的质量准则所产生的结果。由于对隐喻的使用和理解都牵涉到语境与背景知识等因素,即双方曾就价格问题进行过磋商,但都认为对方的价格不合理:同时隐喻的使用是基于两类事物间的类同之处——在价格上让步就好比是上下山,因此,我们可以从话语的字面意义推导出会话含义,即为了成交合作,A曾很艰难地提高价格并希望B降价,而B也据理力争,表示已几度让价并希望A接受目前的价格。由此可见,使用修辞格可以通过较含蓄的语言以达到更加强烈的语气、更加生动的表达。

(三)违反关系准则

在商务会话中,违反关系准则是较为常见的现象。谈话的一方常常通过说一些不相关的话题表达其语用含义,听话的一方就要透过字面意思加以推测。如:

A:How do you find our offer?

B:I’m afraid you’re facing a stiff competition fromother suppliers·

对话中,A就其报价向B提出询问,但B故意违背这一准则,转移话题说“恐怕你们正面临与其他供应商的激烈竞争”。这一违反的会话含义功能在于:避免直接问答A的问题,用一句几乎无关联的语言来表达他的言外之意:你们的报价太高了令人难以接受。再看下面的例子: A:How about the quality of your goods?

B:Well , We have exported our goods to over 4 0countries·

对话中,B并不直接回答A的问题,而是有意违反关联准则,其目的是为了让A通过他所提供的事实去推导出“质量好”的结论来。这样的回答比直截了当地说好更具有说服力,能更好地刺激客户的购买欲。

(四)违反方式准则

方式准则要求说话要清楚明白,避免模糊和歧义。而在实际交谈中,由于某些原因,人们常常会违反该准则,使输出的信息模糊化,做出富有弹性的回答。如:

A:When would you 1ike to visit our company?

B:I’ll certainly visit your company at an appropriatetime·

上例中,B的回答十分含糊,实际上是起了一种间接否定的作用。但同时又留有一定的余地,这显然比直接拒绝显得更为礼貌、得体。再如当谈到产品质量时,我方谈判人员认为对方的产品质量不怎么样,但又不好意思直说,便说道:Well,we know where you are a-bout the quality of your product.这里运用了“where youare”模糊性的语言,表面上是违反了方式准则,实际上是避免把话说得太死,为谈判留下必要的回旋余地。

二、在商务英语教学中运用会话含义理论提高商务交际能力

交际能力(communicative competence)是社会语言学家海姆斯(D.H.Hymes)于20世纪70年代针对乔姆斯基(Noam Chomsky)的“语言能力”(1inguistic compe-tence)这一概念的缺陷首次提出的。乔氏的语言能力指一个理想的操本族语者所内在化了的语法规则。海姆斯认为这一概念抽出了语言的社会文化特点,舍弃了语言的交际功能。因此,他采用了交际能力这一术语,把如何在社会环境中有效地、恰当地使用语言的能力包括了进去。用海姆斯自己的话说,交际能力是“何时说,何时不说,以及关于何时、何地、以何方式与何人谈何内容”。具体地讲,交际能力应由四个部分组成:形式上的可能性、实施手段上的可行性、语境适应性和现实中的实施情况。其中第一部分相当于乔氏的“语言能力”,体现为语言形式上的准确性,后三部分体现为具体情境中语言运用的得体性,常被通称为语用能力。海姆斯的交际能力概念显然是既包括乔氏的语言能力又包括语用能力,它对语言教学有着重要的启示。

外语教学的过程应是个培养语言交际能力的过程,尤其是培养语用能力的过程。这一点在商务英语教学中体现得尤为明显。作为一种特殊用途英语,商务英语的教学目的不是单纯的语言知识传授,而是更侧重语言实践和交际技能培训。这就是说,商务英语专业的学生在掌握语音、词汇、语法等关于语言系统方面知识的同时,更要学会在特定目标语境中恰当地实施各种言语行为以获得有效交际的能力。作为一门专业基础课,商务口语课的目的是培养学生的口语能力——无论在商务会议、产品交易会或社交活动及商务谈判中都能准确传递有关参与各方的意思。口语教学不仅要求学生说得流畅,还要求掌握外贸业务知识,并在各种场合中恰如其分地应用。经贸口语的运用能力与谈判的成功与否有着紧密的关系。从这些论述中,我们可以看到在商务口语教学中培养语用能力的必要性和重要性。

作为交际能力的一个主要组成部分,不少学者都认为语用能力是指运用语言进行恰当、得体、准确的交际能力,包括语言表达能力、语言理解能力和语境驾驭能力,而这三者是相互联系,相互作用的。语言表达能力包括语言表达的准确性与得体性两方面,在外语教学中广后者比前者具有更为重大的意义。语言的理解是一个复杂的认知心理过程,这种复杂性体现在言语交际受制于交际语境和社会、文化、人文因素,也体现在话语组织和选择依赖于交际对象在特定交际环境中的语境假设能力和推理能力。同时,在言语交际中,交际双方都不能缺乏驾驭语境的能力以及依赖语境进行语用推理的能力。交际者必须准确把握话语的承上启下话轮关系和逻辑关系,分析交际双方的身份、地位、社会文化背景和相互关系,了解双方的不同认知条件和前提等,才能对话语乃至整个交际作出准确的理解,也只有这样才能使交际双方采取相应的话语策略。

在商务会话中,听话人应在掌握合作原则及其准则的前提下,根据说话时特定的商务语境以及双方所共有某些知识,才能正确推断出会话含义,以达到准确理解所说话语的规约性内容的目的。比如上文我们所举的谈话双方运用隐喻等修辞手法违反质量准则的例子,为使对方理解这些话语所表达的语用意义,交际双方应具有一定的背景知识,并能灵活驾驭和准确把握语境。由此可见,语言理解能力是建立在对语境的语用驾驭能力之上的,而语言理解能力又会反过来促进语言表达能力,使话语表达既合乎语法的一般规则,又合乎语用原则和语境需求。实际上,运用语用推理以正确理解会话对方话语中的交际意图并能准确、得体地传达我方的商务信息,正是商务口语课程的教学目的所在。

综上所述,在商务会话中,谈判者若能运用会话含义理论去指导、判断对方的“潜语言”,去领会、推导言外之意,就能使自己立于不败之地,从而促使谈判与交易的成功。由此可见,掌握一定的语用知识并能灵活地用于指导商务会话实践活动是提高学生交际能力的有效途径,也是成功地进行商务活动的必备条件。

参考文献:

[1]胡庚申·国际科技商务谈判:语言特点与言语技巧[J]·现代外语,1990(4):5-7·

[2]何自然·语用学与英语学习[M].上海:上海外语教育出版杜,1997·

[3]何自然,陈新仁.当代语用学[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2004·

[4]何兆熊·新编语用学概要[M].上海:上海外语教育出版杜,2000·

[5]林添湖·国际商务英语研究在中国[M]·厦门:厦门大学出版杜,1999·

[6]刘醒吾,陈 坚·经贸英语口语[M]·北京:外语教学与研究出版杜,1994·

第三篇：英语广告语

篇一：英语广告语译文集锦 英语广告语译文集锦

1.time is what you make of it.(swatch)天长地久。（斯沃奇手表）& nbsp;2.make yourself heard.(ericsson)理解就是沟通。(爱立信）

3.engineered to move the human spirit.(mercedes-benz)人类精神的动力。（梅塞德斯-奔驰）

4.start ahead.(rejoice)成功之路，从头开始。（飘柔）

5.a diamond lasts forever.(de bierres)钻石恒久远，一颗永流传。（第比尔斯）6.fresh-up with seven-up.(seven-up)提神醒脑，喝七喜。（七喜）7.intel inside.(intel pentium)给电脑一颗奔腾的“芯”。（英特尔 奔腾）8.connecting people.(nokia)科技以人为本。（诺基亚）9.for the road ahead.(honda)康庄大道。（本田）

10.let us make things better.(philips)让我们做的更好。（飞利浦）11.enjoy coca-cola.(coca-cola)请喝可口可乐。（可口可乐）12.generation next.(pepsi)新的一代。（百事）

13.the relentless pursuit of perfection.(lexus)追求完美永无止境。（凌志汽车）15.feast your eyes.（pond?s cucumber eye treatment)滋润心灵的窗户。（庞氏眼贴片）16.focus on life.(olympus)瞄准生活。（奥林巴斯）

17.behind that healthy smile,there ?s a crest kid.(crest toothpaste)健康笑容来自佳洁士。（佳洁士牙膏）

18.good to the last drop． 滴滴香浓，意犹未尽。（麦斯威尔咖啡）19.obey your thirst． 服从你的渴望。（雪碧）20.the new digital era． 数码新时代。（索尼影碟机）21.we lead． others copy． 我们领先，他人仿效。（理光复印机）22.impossible made possible． 使不可能变为可能。（佳能打印机）23.take time to indulge． 尽情享受吧！（雀巢冰激凌）

24.poetry in motion, dancing close to me． 动态的诗，向我舞近。（丰田汽车）

26.to me, the past is black and white，but the future is always color．....对我而言，过去平淡无奇；而未来，却多姿多彩（轩尼诗酒）27.just do it.只管去做。（耐克运动鞋）28.ask for more.渴望无限。（百事流行鞋）29.the taste is great.味道好极了。（雀巢咖啡）30.feel the new space.感受新境界。（三星电子）31.iintelligence everywhere.智慧演绎，无处不在。（摩托罗拉手机）32.the choice of a new generation.新一代的选择。（百事可乐）34.take toshiba, take the world.拥有东芝，拥有世界。（东芝电子）

35.no business too small, no problem too big.....没有不做的小生意，没有解决不了的大问题。（ibm公司）

36.good to the last drop． 滴滴香浓，意犹未尽。（麦斯威尔咖啡）37.obey your thirst． 服从你的渴望。（雪碧）38.the new digital era． 数码新时代。（索尼影碟机）39.we lead．others copy． 我们领先，他人仿效。（理光复印机）40.impossible made possible． 使不可能变为可能。（佳能打印机）41.take time to indulge． 尽情享受吧！（雀巢冰激凌）42.the relentless pursuit of perfection． 不懈追求完美。（凌志轿车）43.poetry in motion，dancing close to me． 动态的诗，向我舞近。（丰田汽车）

45.to me，the past is black and white，but the future is always color． 对我而言，过去平淡无奇；而未来，却是绚烂缤纷。（轩尼诗酒）46.just do it.只管去做。（耐克运动鞋）47.ask for more.渴望无限。（百事流行鞋）48.the taste is great.味道好极了。（雀巢咖啡）49.feel the new space.感受新境界。（三星电子）50.intelligence everywhere.智慧演绎，无处不在。（摩托罗拉手机）51.the choice of a new generation.新一代的选择。（百事可乐）54.let?s make things better.让我们做得更好。（飞利浦电子）

55.no business too small, no problem too big.没有不做的小生意，没有解决不了的大问题。

56.life is a journey.enjoy the ride.生活就是一次旅行，祝您旅途愉快。（nissan 汽车）

57.life is a sport，drink it up.生活就是一场运动，喝下它。（gatorade 饮料）58.life is harsh，your tequila shouldn?t be.生活是苦涩的，而您的tequila 酒却不是。（tequila 酒）

59.there?s life after sex.在性之外还有生活。（防止艾滋病公益广告）

60.life is discovery.and we have directions to get you there.生活就是发现，让我们去发现吧。（wolderness 系统）

61.five feet nine inches in his socks.ten feet tall in his shoes.光脚身高五英尺九英寸。穿上“锐步”身高10英尺。（“锐步”运动鞋）

63.trying to do it all yourself doesn?t always make you look like a hero.所有重担一肩挑并不会总使你像英雄一般。（金科专业办公服务）

64.feel like a million for $970,000 less.it cost less than breakfast at the white house.少付了97万美元，却得道百万美元的享受。它比白宫的一顿早餐还便宜。（梅塞德兹—奔驰汽车）

65.with our new e-ticket, all you have to bring is yourself.选用我们的e号机票，阁下不需携带任何东西，只要带着自己。（british airways）

66.with our line，you detect the fish before the fish detects you.用我们的钓线，你可以在鱼儿发现你之前先找到它。（约翰逊的钓具）67.make yourself heard.倾听自我。（ericsson移动电话）68.just do it.跟着感觉走。(耐克运动鞋)69.ask for more.渴望无限。(百事流行鞋)70.obey your thirst.服从你的渴望。(雪碧)71.feel the new space.感受新境界。(三星电子)72.focus on life.瞄准生活。(奥林巴斯相机)73.good to the last drop.滴滴香浓,意犹未尽。(麦氏咖啡)74.a kodak moment.就在柯达一刻。(柯达胶卷)75.started ahead.成功之路,从头开始。(飘柔洗发水)76.make yourself heard.理解就是沟通。(爱立信手机)77.intelligence everywhere.智慧演绎,无处不在。(摩托罗拉手机)78.the choice of a new generation.新一代的选择。(百事可乐)80.the relentless pursuit of perfection.不懈追求完美。(凌志轿车)81.poetry in motion, dancing close to me.动态的诗,向我舞近。(丰田汽车)82.where there is a way, there is a toyota.有路就有丰田车.(丰田汽车)83.lets make things better.让我们做得更好。(飞利浦电器)84.good teeth, good health.牙齿好,身体就好。(高露洁牙膏)85.cant beat the real thing.挡不住的诱惑。(可口可乐)86.things go better with coco-cola.(coco-cola)饮可口可乐，万事如意。(可口可乐)87.tides in, dirts out.汰渍到,污垢逃。(汰渍洗衣粉)88.apple thinks different.苹果电脑,不同凡“想”。(苹果电脑)89.not all cars are created equal.并非所有的汽车都有相同的品质。(三菱汽车)90.anything is possible.没有不可能的事。(东芝电子)91.take toshiba, take the world.拥有东芝，拥有世界。（东芝电子）92.our wheels are always turning.我们的车轮常转不停。(五十铃汽车)93.the world smiles with readers digest.《读者文摘》给全世界带来欢笑。(《读者文摘》)94.nobody is perfect.没有一个人的身材是十全十美的。(苗条健身器材)95.the globe brings you the world in a single copy.一册在手,纵览全球。(《环球》杂志)96.live well, snack well.美好生活离不开香脆的饼干。(斯耐克威尔士饼干)98.the new digital era.数码新时代。(索尼影碟机)99.money is not everything.there?s mastercard & visa.钞票不是万能的，有时还需要信用卡。

100.one should love animals.they are so tasty.每个人都应该热爱动物，因为它们很好吃。

101.love the neighbor.but don?t get caught.要用心去爱你的邻居，不过不要让她的老公知道。

102.behind every successful man，there is a woman.and behind every unsuccessful man，there are two.每个成功男人的背后都有一个女人，每个不成功男人的背后都有两个女人。

103.every man should marry.after all，happiness is not the only thing in life.再快乐的单身汉迟早也会结婚，幸福不是永久的嘛。

105.success is a relative term.it brings so many relatives.成功是一个相关名词，他会给你带来很多不相关的亲戚(联系)。

106.never put off the work till tomorrow what you can put off today.不要等明天交不上差再找借口，今天就要找好。

107.love is photogenic.it needs darkness to develop.爱情就象照片，需要大量的暗房时间来培养。

108.children in backseats cause accidents.accidents in backseats cause children.后排座位上的小孩会生出意外，后排座位上的意外会生出小孩。

109.“your future depends on your dreams.” so go to sleep.“现在的梦想决定着你的将来”，所以还是再睡一会吧。

110.there should be a better way to start a day than waking up every morning.应该有更好的方式开始新一天，而不是千篇一律的在每个上午都醒来。

111.“hard work never kills anybody.but why take the risk？” 努力工作不会导致死亡！不过我不会用自己去证明。

112.“work fascinates me.” i can look at it for hours！工作好有意思耶！尤其是看着别人工作。

113.god made relatives；thank god we can choose our friends.神决定了谁是你的亲戚，幸运的是在选择朋友方面他给了你留了余地。篇二：著名英语广告语 著名的英语广告语

1． good to the last drop． 滴滴香浓，意犹未尽。（麦斯威尔咖啡）2． obey your thirst． 服从你的渴望。（雪碧）

3． poetry in motion，dancing close to me． 动态的诗，向我舞近。（丰田汽车）4.just do it.只管去做。（耐克运动鞋）5.feel the new space.感受新境界。（三星电子）6.intelligence everywhere.智慧演绎，无处不在。（摩托罗拉手机）7.the choice of a new generation.新一代的选择。（百事可乐）我们集大成，您联络世界。（三菱电工）9.take toshiba, take the world.拥有东芝，拥有世界。（东芝电子）

10.no business too small, no problem too big.没有不做的小生意，没有解决不了的大问题。（ibm公司）

11.join ｗorldenglish，enjoy ｅnglishworld.(新世界国际英语)国际英语, 欢乐无限。

12.impossible is nothing(adidas)一切皆有可能！

物有其本，事有其源。

14.buy australia, buy you a job.(澳大利亚)买澳大利亚货，给你买份工作．

15.one world, one dream.(北京奥运会)同一个世界,同一个梦想.16.we lead． others copy． 我们领先，他人仿效。（理光复印机）17.impossible made possible． 使不可能变为可能。（佳能）18.take time to indulge． 尽情享受吧！（雀巢）

19.the relentless pursuit of perfection． 不懈追求完美。（凌志轿车）光临风韵之境——万宝路世界。（万宝路）

21.to me，the past is black and white，but the future is always color． 对我而言，过去平淡无奇；而未来，却一直是彩色的（轩尼诗酒）22.ask for more.渴望无限。（百事）

23.lets make things better.让我们做得更好。（飞利浦电子）

24.time is what you make of it.(swatch)天长地久。（斯沃奇手表）

25.make yourself heard.(ericsson)理解就是沟通。(爱立信）

26.engineered to move the human spirit.(mercedes-benz)人类精神的动力。（梅塞德斯-奔驰）

27.fresh-up with seven-up.(seven-up)提神醒脑，喝七喜。

28.connecting people.(nokia)科技以人为本。（诺基亚）

29.for the road ahead.(honda)康庄大道。

30.the relentless pursuit of perfection.(lexus)追求完美永无止境。（凌志汽车）32.focus on life.(olympus)瞄准生活。（奥林巴斯）

33.the new digital era.数码新时代。

34.a diamond is forever.钻石恒久远,一颗永流传.35.every time a good time 更多欢笑更多欢乐就在麦当劳

36.man always remember love because of romantic only！（marlboro）男人只记住浪漫的爱情！（万宝路）

37.seeing is not believing(hollywood)视觉创新影（好莱坞）

38.world in hand , soul in cyber.(microsoft)掌中乾坤, 梦之灵魂。（微软）

39.english means science, english means peace.（english）英语意味着科技, 英语意味着和谐。40.intelligence everywhere.智慧演绎，无处不在。（摩托罗拉手机）

著名的英语爱情广告语 new love is brightest, long love is greatest, short love is harmest, revived love is tenderest, ture love is purest.(love)新恋的爱情最兴高采烈，长久的爱情最崇高伟大,强迫的爱情最肮脏不堪,短暂的爱情最刻骨铭心,复苏的爱情最娇嫩鲜艳,真正的爱情最纯洁无暇。（爱情）think different.另类思考／不同凡想(apple电脑)in search of excellence.(buick)志在千里!(别克轿车)obey your thirst． 服从你的渴望。（雪碧）

painting is silent poetry,and poetry is a speaking picture.画是无声的诗，诗是有声的画。（诗画）better than the best.绝世佳品（万能英语广告语）

construction is solidified art, art is flowing construction.建筑是凝固的艺术，艺术是流动的建筑。（艺术建筑）

it`s not enough that we do our best, we have to do what`s required.人尽其力，力尽其能。（荣威轿车）give up to give-up.永不言败。（有志者）

the proof of gold is fire；the proof of woman ,gold;the proof of man , a woman.检验黄金者 炉火，检验女人者 黄金，检验男人者 女人。（富兰克林）one boy is boy,two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.一子养老,二子分担,三子无子。(计划生育)connecting people ,nokia.---汇聚你我，诺基亚．

give me somewhere to stand, and ill move the earth.（archimedes）一个支点，成功起点。（阿基米德）

尊贵人生 大师随行(奥迪a8)a light heart lives long.心宽寿长。（王国栋）delighting you always.——canon 1 % inspiration is bigger than 99 % perspiration.(genius)灵感一闪胜于劳碌一生。（天才）

where there is marriage without love, there is love without marriage.有姻无爱，就会爱无姻（情人）lover）（篇三：著名产品英文广告词 经典英文广告词（1）

1．good to the last drop.滴滴香浓，意犹未尽。（麦斯威尔咖啡）2．obey your thirst.服从你的渴望。（雪碧）3．the new digital era.数码新时代。（索尼影碟机）4．we lead others copy.我们领先，他人仿效。（理光复印机）5．impossible made possible.使不可能变为可能。（佳能打印机）6．take time to indulge.尽情享受吧！（雀巢冰激凌）

7．the relentless pursuit of perfection.不懈追求完美。（凌志轿车）8．poetry in motion, dancing close to me.动态的诗，向我舞近。（丰田汽车）10．to me, the past is black and white, but the future is always color.对我而言，过去平淡无奇；而未来，却是绚烂缤纷。（轩尼诗酒）11．just do it.只管去做。（耐克运动鞋）12．ask for more.渴望无限。（百事流行鞋）13．the taste is great.味道好极了。（雀巢咖啡）14．feel the new space.感受新境界。（三星电子）15．intelligence everywhere.智慧演绎，无处不在。（摩托罗拉手机）16．the choice of a new generation.新一代的选择。（百事可乐）18．take toshiba, take the world.拥有东芝，拥有世界。（东芝电子）19．lets make things better.让我们做得更好。（飞利浦电子）

20．no business too small, no problem too big.没有不做的小生意，没有解决不了的大问题。（ibm公司）经典英文广告词（2）

1.just do it.跟着感觉走。(耐克运动鞋)2.ask for more.渴望无限。(百事流行鞋)3.obey your thirst.服从你的渴望。(雪碧)4.feel the new space.感受新境界。(三星电子)5.focus on life.瞄准生活。(奥林巴斯相机)6.good to the last drop.滴滴香浓,意犹未尽。(麦氏咖啡)7.a kodak moment.就在柯达一刻。(柯达相纸 / 胶卷)8.started ahead.成功之路,从头开始。(飘柔洗发水)9.make yourself heard.理解就是沟通。(爱立信手机)10.intelligence everywhere.智慧演绎,无处不在。(摩托罗拉手机)11.the choice of a new generation.新一代的选择。(百事可乐)13.the relentless pursuit of perfection.不懈追求完美。(凌志轿车)14.poetry in motion, dancing close to me.动态的诗,向我舞近。(丰田汽车)15.lets make things better.让我们做得更好。(飞利浦电器)16.good teeth, good health.牙齿好,身体就好。(高露洁牙膏)17.cant beat the real thing.挡不住的诱惑。(可口可乐)18.tides in, dirts out.汰渍到,污垢逃。(汰渍洗衣粉)19.apple thinks different.苹果电脑,不同凡“想”。(苹果电脑)20.not all cars are created equal.并非所有的汽车都有相同的品质。(三菱汽车)22.our wheels are always turning.我们的车轮常转不停。(五十铃汽车)23.the world smiles with readers digest.《读者文摘》给全世界带来欢笑。(《读者文摘》)24.nobody is perfect.没有一个人的身材是十全十美的。(苗条健身器材)25.the globe brings you the world in a single copy.一册在手,纵览全球。(《环球》杂志)26.live well, snack well.美好生活离不开香脆的饼干。(斯耐克威尔士饼干)28.no business too small, no problem too big.没有不做的小生意,没有解决不了的大问题。(ibm公司)广告英语词汇汇总 a advertising广告 广告活动 ads 广告物

account executive 客户主管 account 客户项目

account planning 客户策划 account services 客户部 account service 客户服务 art director美术指导

advertising campaign 广告活动 advertising agency 广告代理商

4a(american association of advertising agencies)美国广告代理商协会

above-the-line advertising 线上广告。广告代理商能从媒介获得代理费的广告 regulatory matters广告规章和法规 agency profit management利润管理 advertising department 广告部 airport advertising 机场广告 appeal 诉求

area sampling 区域抽样

audience 受众。接受广告的公众，也就是广告的对象 audience share 受众份额

audio-visual advertising 视听广告

audit bureau of circulation 销数审计局。1914年始创于美国（简称abc）animation 动画

advertising letter 或 sales letter广告函 b bid广告竞标

target market目标市场 brand image品牌印象

below-the-line advertising 线下广告

除线上广告以外的各种广告形式。如促销广告(sales promotion advertising)购物点广告(p.o.p advertising)，直接邮递广告(direct mail advertising)，还包括举办展览会(exhibition)和发起某项活动(sponsorship)等。billboard advertising 路牌广告 brand advertising 品牌广告 brand loyalty品牌忠诚度 brand preference 品牌偏好 brand insistence 品牌坚持 brand name 产品名称

buyer’s market 买方市场 banner 横幅广告

brand share 品牌占有率，亦称为市场份额（market share）budget 广告预算

销售额百分率法（percentage of sales method）目标和任务法（objective and task method）

dagmar理论（define advertising goals for measured advertising results）bus stop pillar advertising 站牌广告

bus stop shelter advertising 候车停广告 button按钮

bulk discount数量折扣 booklet 或brochure小册子（dm）banner or streamer横幅 c chief executive officer首席执行官 client客户copywriter广告文案 creative department创意部 creative director创意总监 catalog目录（dm）clicks 点击次数

click rate广告被点击的次数与广告收视次数的比率。即click/impression.如果这个页面出现了一万次，而网页上的广告的点击次数为五百次，那么点击率即为 5%.目前，亚太区的点击率平均为 1.5%。点击率可以精确地反映广告效果，也是网络广告吸引力的一个标志 closing date媒介截稿日期 closing time截稿时间

cpm(cost per thousand impression)千人成本：即广告主购买1000个广告收视次数的费用或者是广告被1000人次看到所需的费用。比如说一个广告 banner 的单价是/cpm的话，意味着每一千个人次看到这个banner的话就收，如此类推，10，000 人次访问的主页就是。coordination内部协调 cash discount现金折扣 d demands 需求

demonstration 演示

diary survey 日记本调查 direct mail(dm)直接邮递 如信件（letter）、传单（leaflet）、订购单（orderform），邮寄品junk mail direct mail(dm)advertising 直接邮递广告

direct-response advertising 直接反应广告

direct response advertising agency直接反应（直效）广告代理商 off-the-page offer设计报纸夹页广告 discount 折扣

频度折扣（frequencydiscount）domestic market 国内市场

duplicated audience 重复受众，或称“重迭受众”（overlapping audience）e exchange advertising 交换广告

两种或两种以上的广告媒介，互为对方发布广告而不产生广告费用的往来的广告。广告刊登地位要平等互换。如在期刊中刊登报刊上的广告，同时在报刊上刊登期刊中的广告，双方按各自广告价目确定广告地位，不再支付广告费。export advertising 出口广告

为出口商品所作的广告宣传，刊登在商品进口国的广告媒介中刊登。出口广告前必须进行市场和媒介的调查，了解有关国家的广告管理条例和广告业的惯例以及当地民族的文化传统和风俗。这类广告的文稿撰写要符合当地人的语言习惯和心理特征。f frequency 一个浏览者看到同一个广告的次数 frequency 频率。在一段时间内广告播出的次数

full service advertising agency 全面服务广告代理商 fixed day 指定日期。指定的发布广告的日期或时间 free advertising 免费广告

free-standing insert advertisement 夹页广告 g gift advertising 赠品广告

以赠品为号召促进产品销售的广告。赠送样品（sample）的广告，也可以归入这个范畴。global brand 全球品牌

在世界各处使用同一名称、同一商标设计的商品，如美国的可口可乐等。h hard-sell advertising 硬销售广告

以销售服务为中心的广告，明确阐述自己的立场，宣传内容为产品本身及促销努力，意在激发消费者的购买欲望，并使这种欲望付诸实施。i image advertising 形象广告

impact advertising 有冲击力的广告 inadequate advertising 不适当广告

impression 广告的收视次数。counter(计数器)上的统计数字即该网页的impression inflight advertising 飞行中广告

在飞行时向乘客提供的各种娱乐及服务项目发布的广告，如广播、电视新闻短片及赠送广告

第四篇：广告语篇的态度理论分析

广告语篇的态度理论分析

摘 要：广告语篇是一种特殊的语体，是由可识别的出资人通过各种媒介进行的有关商品的，通常是有偿的、综合的和劝服性的人员信息传播活动，旨在推销和宣?髌洳?品。评价理论是研究语篇人际意义的一个理论框架。它的建立和发展使系统功能语言学对人际意义的研究更加系统和全面。本文将评价理论应用于广告语篇分析，揭示广告语篇的语言特点和规律，以期给予广告商一定的启发，从而创作出更吸引消费者的广告语。

关键词：广告语篇；评价理论；协商态度

一、概念介绍

近些年，语言学家越来越关注语言的人际意义，在《功能语法入门》中，韩礼德按语篇、人际和概念意义的顺序展开论述，并把对人际意义的讨论集中在语气和情态方面。马丁对于评价理论的定义是语篇中所协商的各种态度、所涉及的情感强度，以及表明价值和联盟读者的各种方式。广告就是一种面向公众介绍商品、服务内容或文体娱乐节目等内容的宣传方式。广告的主要媒介是电视、广播、网络和广告牌等。广告的目的是推销产品，所以它的语言具有鼓动性，并带有很强的说服力。人的价值观念和生活方式都会受到广告的影响，因此广告语篇集合了多种语篇功能特点，它具有各种特征，如人际功能、态度功能、协商功能等。广告的目的和特点决定了广告语言的特点，广告商会选取新颖和褒义的词汇、简洁巧妙的语句和生动的修辞来吸引消费者，从而拉拢消费者，使消费者产生购买欲望，从而达到营销目的。

二、语料选取

随着中国经济的快速增长和汽车产业的蓬勃发展，汽车家庭化的步伐越来越快。越来越多的国外汽车生产商都很看重中国巨大的潜在市场。为了抢占中国市场，国内外汽车生产商都使出了浑身解数。广告无疑是营销环节最重要的一个部分。因此，如何能够更快更直接地吸引消费者成为了他们的重要任务。基于这样的背景本文选取了一则汽车广告作为分析语料，从而挖掘出广告商推销自己产品的方式。语料如下。

“The best car built in America just got better… A Lot Better”

The New Camry Better Than Ever.Three years ago Automobile Magazine Called Camry “the best car built in America.” The all new Camry has just improved on the accomplishment.Starting with a choice of more powerful engines and a refined suspension，the new Camry is even more responsive.Advanced sound-absorbing composites are strategically placed in more locations to help reduced noise and make it even quieter.A reinforced passenger cabin is designed to help disperse the energy of an impact and combines with dual air bags to help protect and reassure.While available traction control and anti-lock Brake System help in avoiding the unforeseen.All which are just some of the hundreds of improvements and refinements that make the new Camry even smoother，quieter and more powerful.“美国最好的汽车又有突破”

最好的全新凯美瑞

三年前，汽车杂志把凯美瑞称为“美国最好的汽车”。全新凯美瑞在此基础上又有突破。首先是强劲的动力和完善的悬挂系统，全新凯美瑞无可挑剔。先进的隔音材料最大限度的降噪。全新的驾驶室设计，以及双安全气囊既可以减少冲击，又能保证安全。传动控制以及防抱死系统可以减少意外的发生。这些仅仅是数以百计改进中的几点，但足以让全新凯美瑞更加舒适、安静和强劲。

三、态度分析

（一）理论介绍

功能语法中已经有关于人际功能的词汇语法手段的详细描述，其中包括言语功能的论述、信息与物品和服务的区分，主语和限定词的人际功能、归一度和情态、人际隐喻、评论型附加语、态度修饰词等。但评价理论将韩礼德功能语法中关于态度的零散讨论更加系统化，提出了新的理论框架。在汤普森看来，评价是任何语篇意义的一个核心部分，同时任何一个语篇的人际意义分析都离不开评价。

评价理论讨论的是语篇或说话人表达、协商、自然化特定主体间的关系，以及意识形态的语言资源。评价理论可以被划分为三大范畴：态度、介入和极差。态度包含的是各种价值，是说话者用来判断，以及把情绪和情感反应与参与者和过程练习起来的纽带。态度系统又可以进一步被细化为：情感、判定和鉴别。介入是用来衡量说话人对于所说问题或者语篇中各种命题和主张的关系。说话者通过介入来表达自己对所述话题的立场。分级就是对于所述话题或者语篇的强度加强或者减弱，它是一个强度分级，是高与低的连续体，因此，分级贯穿着整个评价系统，同时也是对人际意义的润色。

（二）态度分析

从结构上来看，这两则汽车广告符合广告语篇的特点：简洁精炼，并没有使用比较复杂的句式。从句式角度，广告中没有以人做主语的句子，从而避免了让消费者觉得是某人的主观描述在影响和左右着他们对车的判断。同时广告中的句子大部分都是被动语态，给消费者留下了一个以客观描述为主的印象，以此来拉拢消费者。此广告的目的旨在说明凯美瑞汽车如何在质量上更上一层楼。

首先，我们从态度系统中的情感角度来分析。情感子系统关注的是情绪的表达。而广告语篇应力争避免让消费者感知到广告商或者生产商是在用自己的情绪来影响消费者。所以在广告语篇中，我们很少会发现会有广告商和生产商个人情感色彩的词，如happy，sad，joyful等词汇。在这则广告中，只出现了一个词“determined”，用以描述广告商和生产商对产品质量的重视程度，以此来获取消费者的信任。其次，我们来关注判定子系统，它关注的是对人类行为的肯定或否定的评价意义。在这则广告中，我们发现一些描述汽车零件或者性能的词汇，如：“improved，accomplishment，responsive，advanced，reinforced，help，improvements”。这些词汇都积极、正面地肯定了该汽车的设计、零部件和性能等方面的提升和改进。通过这些词汇，广告商和生产商试图塑造一个质量上乘的产品品质形象。态度系统中第三个子系统是鉴别，它包含了属于美学范畴的价值。在这则广告中，我们找到了积极评价词汇，如“best，better，new，refined，refinements，smoother，quieter and more powerful”。从这些词汇中，消费者可以发现该品牌汽车质量的提升，为购买打下了基础。

四、结语

通过分析我们发现，广告商的目的是要把汽车推销出去（说服消费者购买），所以采取了一定的广告策略。文中引用的?V告把重点放在产品质量上，所以使用了较多的鉴赏类词汇，以积极正面地描述汽车的设计、零部件和性能，来吸引消费者。

评价系统作为人际意义的重要组成部分，可以应用于各种类型的语篇分析中。评价理论关注的是语篇中各种可以协商的态度，这一点在广告语篇中表现得尤为突出。

参考文献：

[1]Halliday，M.A K.An Introduction to Functional Grammar[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2000.[2]胡壮麟，朱永生，张德禄，李战子.系统功能语言学概论[M].北京：北京大学出版社，2005.[3]黄国文.语篇分析的理论与实践[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，2001.[4]李战子.评价理论：在话语分析中中的应用和问题[J].外语研究，2004（5）.[5]杨信章.语篇中的评价性手段[J].外语与外语教学，2003（1）.

第五篇：石油工程英语现场会话

石油工程英语现场会话 内容提要

随着国内、外钻井市场的不断拓展，国外钻井和国内反承包钻井服务对既懂专业技术又会专业英语的工程技术人员和技术工人的需求不断增加，而目前我国石油工程技术人员专业英语的对话能力存在不足，在实施钻井作业过程中常常由于语言障碍，使得甲、乙双方工程技术人员；技术工人和当地雇工出现交流困难，导致作业施工不畅，双方合作难尽人意。鉴于上述原因，本书作者借助在国外钻井队、项目组从事多年现场翻译的工作经验，特别是同甲方现场监督和当地雇工的协同工作经验，精心编写了以钻井作业现场为背景的石油工程英语情景会话。本书约40万字，分9个场景分别对钻井作业的施工过程进行全方位的描述，包括基础英语、钻前工程、井间搬迁、甲方HSE官员和监督的开钻验收、钻井施工作业、固井施工作业、完井施工作业、录井施工作业、井控作业（理论）等情景会话（90%为对话），具有很强的针对性及实用性，对已在国外工作的、即将赴国外工作的或在国内反承包钻井作业中的工程技术人员和技术工人均有帮助。通过对本书的学习，掌握书中对话，能够较好地、很快地适应现场作业工作。

本书对石油院校的在校生也大有帮助，通过学习、了解书中对石油工程生产过程的描述，可以全面地、系统地了解石油工程的日常工作流程，从而获得石油、天然气生产工艺流程中钻井施工作业全过程和整体概念，为毕业后尽快溶入生产第一线打下牢固的基础。Petroleum Engineering English At Well-site CONTENTS I.Meeting at First Time & Greeting……………..1 初次见面及问候

II.Inspection of Site Construction………………..16 钻前工程

III.Rig Move And Equipment Installation…………..2钻井搬迁及设备安装

IV.Equipment(Spudding)Inspection………………32 设备（开钻）验收

V.Drilling Operation…………………………………51

钻井作业

VI.Cement Job………………………………………103 固井作业

VII.Completion Job…………………………………..121

完井作业

VIII.Mud Logging Operation…………………………136 录井作业

IX.Well Control & Drill Procedures………………..189

井控措施及防喷演习程序

X.Reading Material—Drilling Program…………..286

阅读材料—钻井作业程序

Chapter I.Meeting at First Time & Greeting 初次见面及问候

Wang Xiao-yu just graduated from the South-west Petroleum Institute, and was assigned to be the practice technician of No.17 Great Wall Drilling Crew.王小雨刚从西南石油学院毕业，分配到长城17钻井队当实习技术员。

It was the first day that he reported to GW17 today.今天是他到长城17队报到的第一天。

He met Mr.Chen Ming, the driller who came from the rig floor, at the well-site.在井场,他遇到了从钻台走下来的司钻陈明。

He went to him and asked: “Excuse me, Sir.My name’s Wang Xiao-yu, a new practice technician of this Crew.”

于是他走了过去，询问道：“你好！我是刚分来的实习技术员，我叫王小雨。”

“How do you do？ Welcome to our Crew.My name’s Chen Ming, the driller of No.3 Shift.May I help you?”

“你好！欢迎到队上来。我是三班司钻陈明。要帮忙吗？

“Can you tell me where I can find the Rig Manager?” “告诉我哪里能找到平台经理？”

“Maybe he is in the Rig Manager Office, I think.Let me lead you there.” “我想他可能在平台经理办公室里。我领你去吧！”

“Thank you.” “谢谢。”

The driller fervidly gave him a hand to carry his luggages to the office.司钻陈明热情地拎着王小雨的行李，领着他走向平台经理办公室。

In the office, the Rig Manager, Mr.Peng Yuan-chun, was discussing the Operation Program to run 9 5/8” casing with his drilling engineer and Toolpushers.办公室里，平台经理正在同钻井工程师、带班队长商量下9 5/8”套管事项。

The driller knocked at the door, shouting: “Manager, the new practice technician is coming?” 陈明敲门，道：“彭经理，队上分来的实习技术员到了！”

“Come in, please.” “请进，”

“Welcome to our Crew!” The Rig Manager met Wang Xiao-yu, who was a little nerval at the door, offering his hands and saying friendly: “My name’s Pen Yuan-chun, everyone calls me ‘A Chun’ or ‘George’.”

“欢迎到队上来！”平台经理热情道,向在门边有点紧张的王小雨伸出双手：“我叫彭远春，大家都叫我‘阿春’或‘George’！”

“How do you do!My name’s Wang Xiao-yu, the new practice technician of your Crew.” “你好！我叫王小雨，你队的实习技术员，请多关照。

“Wang, let me introduce them to you.” “小王，我给你介绍介绍。”

“Thank you.” “谢谢！”

“This is Mr.Zhou Hua, the drilling engineer of our Crew.” “这位是我队的钻井工程师，周华。”

“How do you do!” “你好！”

“Hi!Welcome to join us.”

“你好！欢迎你加入我们的行列！”

“The two guys are Toolpushers, Lao Yang and Lao Zhang.” “这两位是带班队长，老杨,老张。”

“How do you do!” “你们好！”

“Hello.Welcome.” “欢迎！”

After greeting, Wang Xiao-yu asked the Rig Manager urgently: “Manager, what shall I do now?” 寒暄之后，王小雨迫不及待地向平台经理道：“彭经理，现在我该干什么？”

“Don’t worry, there are a lot of jobs for you to do in future.Now, Mr.Zhou will lead you to your caravan for a rest.He’ll be your master and he is in charge of arranging your work later.”

“别着急，以后有你工作干的。现在由周工领你去宿舍，他将是你的师傅，今后的工作由他安排。”

On the way to the caravan, Wang Xiao-yu said to Zhou in fear and trembling: “Mr.Zhou, I just came here and haven’t any drilling experiences, I am afraid…”

在去宿舍的路上，王小雨忐忑地对周工说：“周工，我刚到井队，没任何钻井经验，我心里 没底„„？”

“Don’t worry, young fellow.After completing a well, everything you’ll obtain.” “小伙子，别担心。当你打完一口井后什么底你都有了。”

“Really?” “是吗？”

“Yeah.I remembered when I came to the Drilling Crew for the first time, I had the same feelings as yours, full of anxieties.”

“当然。记得我刚到井队时，跟你心情一样，充满了焦虑和忐忑。”

“So, how many years have you been in the Drilling Crew?” “刘工，你在井队干了几年了？”

“Ten years.” “10年了。”

“How many years to be a drilling engineer?” “当了几年工程师？”

“Five years.” “5年。”

“And how many wells have you completed?” “打了多少口井？”

“Let me think.Eight, at least.” “我想一想，至少有8口吧！”

“Including this one?” “包括这一口井吗？”

“No.”

“不包括这口井。”

“Oh!You must have accumulated rich drilling experiences.I’d learn from you more.” “啊！那你肯定积累了丰富的钻井经验，我得多向你学着点。”

“Learn from each other.” “互相学习吧！”

“How are about the depth in this region?” “这地区打的井深不深？”

“Normally are deep wells.The TD(total depth)is usually over 4500m.The design depth of this well is 5015m.”

“一般都是深井。井深都在4500米以上。这口井的设计井深是5015米。”

“So deep.When was it spud in?” “这么深呀。什么时候开的钻？”

“March 18, 2002.Now the depth is 2985m.We are preparing for running 9 5/8” casing.” “2002年3月18日。现在的井深是2985米，正准备下9 5/8”套管。”

“When will it be completed, you estimate?” “预计什么时候完钻？”

“In four months, I estimate, according to the present progress, if everything is normal.” “如果正常的话，按目前进度，估计4个月后完井。”

“ROP(rate of penetration)is high?”

“这口井的机械钻速（钻速）高吗？”

“Just so-so, 1.2m per hour in average.Maybe you don’t know how difficult to drill in this area.The geological conditions are very complex.It has the features of high pressure, high H2S, high dip angle, more faults, loss circulation formations and poor drillability.”

“还行，平均1.2米/小时。你不知道在这地区钻井有多难，其地质情况十分复杂，具有高压、高含硫、高倾角、断层、漏层多、可钻性差的特点。”

They arrived at Mr.Wang Xiao-yu’s caravan during their conversation.交谈中，他们到了分配给王小雨的卧室前。

“Here we are.Xiao Wang, take a good rest first.See you at the rig-site tomorrow.Good-bye.” “到了，小王，你先休息，我们明天井场上见。再见！”

“Bye-bye.”

明天井场上见。再见！”

When the first sun rayed in the next morning, Wang Xiao-yu, who was excited a whole night, got up very early, putting on his new working uniforms and going to the rig-site.He wanted himself to be familiar with the working circumstances as soon as possible.天刚放亮，激动一宿的王小雨早早起床，穿上崭新的工装来到井场。他想尽快地熟悉新的工作环境。He climbed up the rig floor first.首先，他登上钻台。

“Good morning, Mr.Chen?” he greeted the driller who was holding the brake handle.“早上好，陈明？”他向扶刹把的司钻问候道。

“Morning, Wang.You got up so early!” “早上好，王技术员。你起得真早。”

“I’d like to have a look first,” said he, smiling, “How about the well condition?” “我想先看看。”他笑道；“井况如何？”

“Normal Drilling.” “正常钻进。”

“The depth now?”

“现在的井深是多少？”

“2993 meters.” “2993米。”

“The level(horizon)now?” “现在的钻进层位？” “Jialingjiang.” “嘉陵江”

“Tell me the present drilling parameters, OK?” “告诉我目前的钻井参数,好吗？”

“No problem.” “好的。”

“We are using 8 1/2” bit to drill now,” said the driller as he watched the gauges on the driller’s control console: “Rotary speed, 63rpm;Pump pressure, 17.5 to 18.5Mpa;WOB(Weight on bit), 14 tons;Torque, 5000ft.lb;Displacement, 364gpm;(NO.1);Pump stroke, 60 to 70spm.” “现在使用8 1/2”钻头钻进，”司钻边说边看着司控台上的仪表，道：“转速63rpm，泵压17.5-18.5Mpa，钻压14吨，扭矩5000ft.lb，排量23l/s，泵冲（1号泵）60-70spm。”

“Why drilling with single pump?” “为何只用单泵钻进?”

“Small size hole(slim hole), single pump can completely satisfy the needs of drilling.” “小井眼,单泵就能满足钻井需要”

“In which condition, two pumps are to be used?” “什么情况下使用双泵呢？”

“To drill big size hole.”

“大尺寸井眼就需要双泵。”

“Oh, I see.”

“哦，我明白了。”

At this moment, the machinist stepped on the floor.Chen Ming introduced Wang Xiao-yu to him.They two greeted each other.这时，机械大班走上钻台，陈明把王小雨介绍给他。他们相互问候。

“Mr.Hu, how about the rated drawworks horsepower of ZJ70D rig?” “胡大班，ZJ70D钻机的绞车额定功率是多少？”

“2000 horsepower.” “2000马力。”

“Drilling Capacity?” “钻深能力呢？”

“If drilling with 4 1/2” drill pipe, 7000m.If with 5” drill pipe, 6000m at least.” “用4 1/2”钻杆能钻7000米井深。用5”钻杆能钻6000米井深。”

“Oh, 6000 meters with 5” drill pipe.” Wang exclaimed in surprise, then he continued, “So the open diameter of the rotary table must be 37 1/2”?” “哇，5”钻杆可以钻6000米。”王小雨发出一声惊叹，继续道：“转盘的开口直径是37 1/2”的吗？”

“You’re right.The model is ZP-37.5.”” “是的，型号是ZP-37.5”。”

“How many gears of the rotary table?” “转盘有几个挡？”

“No gears.The electric rig has no gears.It’s a stepless speed regulation.” “没有挡。电动钻机是无极调速的。”

“But I heard that the rig has four forward and two reverse gears before.” “可我以前听说钻机有四个正挡两个倒挡呀。”

“Really? That means the mechanical rig.” “是吗？四正两倒是指机械钻机。”

“Oh, I see.” Wang nodded, asking:“How about the height? I mean the derrick and the substructure.”

“哦，明白了。”王小雨点点头，问道“井架和底座高度？”

“The derrick is 43.5 meters in height and the substructure is 9 meters high.” “井架43.5米，底座9米。”

“ How about the setback capacity?” Wang asked curiously.“能排多少柱钻铤、钻杆？”王小雨好奇地问。

“220 stands of drill collar and drill pipe.” “220柱的钻铤、钻杆”

“Wind load capacity?” “井架的风载能力？”

“With drill string, 120km per hour.” “带钻具，132公里/小时。”

“Mr.Hu, you know I am a new guy.Show me around, Ok?” “胡大班，我是新人，带我各处走走，好吗？”

“It’s my pleasure.” “那可是给我赏脸了。”

They came to the pump house, Mr.Hu pointed to the mud pumps, introducing: “These two 3NB-1600 triplex single-action pumps were manufactured by Baoji Petroleum Mechanical Works.”

他们来到泵房，胡大班指着泥浆泵，介绍道：“这两台泵是宝鸡产3NB-1600三缸单作用泥浆泵。”

“Which size of the liner is available?” “适用哪种缸套？”

“150、160、170，180、190mm all are available.We normally use two sizes, 170mm and 180mm liner.”

“150、160、170，180、190mm几种尺寸的缸套。我们常用170、180mm两种尺寸。”

“Usually, who is in charge of the two pumps in the Crew.” “队上一般由谁负责管理泥浆泵？”

“The assistant driller of each Shift.” “每班的副司钻。” “Does he only do this on tour?” “副司钻上班就管泵吗？。”

“Oh, no.With the exception of having a special responsibility for mud pumps, he is also in charge of maintenances of the wellhead, the circulation & solid control system.”

“哦，不。副司钻除了专门负责泥浆泵以外，还要负责井口，循环、固控系统的维护保养。”

“Any more?” “还有吗？”

“Sometimes, he also operates the handle and manages the roughnecks instead of the driller.” 有时还要替司钻扶钻，管理班上钻工。”

“What does a roughneck do as usual, do you know?” “知道钻工一般干些什么？”

“As I know, a roughneck does a lot of jobs，such as: operating the cathead, tongs, elevators, setting slips, makeup and breakout during a trip, unloading materials and supplies, cleaning equipment and maintenance, etc.”

“据我所知，钻工干的活挺多的，比如拉猫头，提卡瓦，打吊钳，上扣，卸扣，搞起、下钻，装卸材料，清洁、保养设备等。”

“So, the derrickman?” “那井架工呢？”

“He mainly operates on the Monkey-board.During the normal drilling operation, he’ll give a hand to the assistant driller.”

“主要负责二层台的作业。正常钻进时，协助副司钻工作。”

In generator house, several CAT3512 diesel-generator sets, which were manufactured in USA, were roaring.机房里，几台美国产CAT3512柴油发电机组发出巨大轰鸣声。

Wang asked the motorman beside the generator loudly: “How many horsepower of one CAT3512?”

王小雨大声问发电机旁柴油司机：“多大的马力？”

“What?” the man hesitated, shaking his head and pointing to his ears.“什么？”柴油司机摇摇头，指了指耳朵，疑惑道。

“Horsepower?” Wang repeated loudly.“多大的马力？”王小雨指着发电机，又大声问。

“1500hp.”

“1500马力。”

“Tell me the oil temperature, oil pressure and rotation speed at present?”

“现在的油温、油压、转速是多少？”

“Temperature, 800C;oil pressure, 0.8Mpa;rotation speed, 1200rpm(1200 rounds per minute).” “温度800C，油压0.8Mpa，转速1200r/m。”

“What do you usually do during the normal drilling?” “正常打钻时你们一般干些什么？”

“Check, maintain and clean the diesel-engine generator sets, compressor, oil and water supply equipment, etc.and keep them in work condition.”

“检查、维保和清洁柴油发电机组、压缩机、供水供油设备，保证其良好的工作状况。”

“I found only 2 CATs were running.Something is wrong with the other two?” “我发现只有两台机子在运转，另外那两台坏了吗？”

“Oh, no.“ the motorman smiled, saying, “2 CATs can provide enough power for the rig.The other ones are used as back-up.”

“没有，”柴油司机笑了笑，说：“两台发电机组就可以给钻机提供足够的动力了。另两台留作备用。”

“Sorry, I don’t know.” Wang’s face went red immediately;he felt a little ashamed for his innocence.“And thank you for telling me.”

“对不起，我不知道！”王小雨瞬时脸色绯红，为自己的无知感到有点害臊，“谢谢你告诉我这些。”

“You’re welcome.”

“不用谢。”

Leaving the generator house, it was easier to talk away from the noise.走出机房，噪音小了，交谈起来容易多了。

As soon as they stepped on the circulation sytem nearby, Wang Xiao-yu questioned the mechanist again.“Mr.Hu, how many mud tanks in circulating system, and the total capacities?” 一登上毗邻的循环系统，王小雨又问道：“胡大班，循环系统有几个泥浆罐，总容积是多少？” “5 circulating tanks, 4 reserve tanks and 1 trip tank.The total capacity is 425 m2.” “5个循环罐，四个储备灌和一个尖底罐，总容积425m3。”

“What type of the shale shaker?” “振动筛是什么类型的？”

“Derrick linearity shale shaker manufactured in the USA.” “美国产Derrick线性振动筛？”

“What’s the mesh of the screen cloth in use?” “现在用的多少目的筛布。”

“180 mesh.” “180目。”

Wang Xiao-yu was curious about everything at the rig-site, and wanted to ask whatever he saw.He longed for knowing everything, so that he could get himself into the drilling operation as soon as possible.王小雨对井场的一切都感到好奇，什么都想问，他渴望解这一切以便尽快地投入到钻井作业中去。

While he was thinking about his work, Zhou Hua, the drilling engineer, came to him, saying: “There you are, Xiao Wang!we are waiting for you to attend the safety meeting now.”

就在他兴趣正浓的时候，钻井工程师周华来了，对他说道：“小王别再问了，大家现在正等你开班前会呢。”

“Sorry.I don’t know about the safety meeting before my tour,” Xiao Wang was embarrassed again for not listening.“对不起，我不知道要开班前会。”小王为自己再次感到局促不安。

“Oh, it’s my fault, I forgot to tell you yesterday,” Zhou regretted, “昨天忘了告诉你，这不怪你，”周工抱歉道。

“When is the safety meeting usually held?” “一般什么时候开班前会？”

“Before each Shift exchange.” “每次交班前。”

On the way to the meeting room, Zhou Hua explained Wang about the safety meeting.在去会议室的路上，周华向王小雨讲了有关班前会的事。

“The employees perform a post check half an hour before a tour at the site ahead of each Shift exchange.Then they attend a safety meeting conducted by the Rig Manager.The manager issues the day’s drilling program at the meeting.After that the drilling engineer, toolpusher, machinist, electrician or the driller will emphasize the important matters about safety around the rig equipment during drilling operation..”

“每次换班，工人提前半小时进场，进行交接班岗位检查。然后，开班前会，由平台经理传达当天的作业指令，分配要干的工作。钻井工程师、带班队长、机械技师、电器技师或司钻强调有关安全和设备的注意事项。”

“I see.” “明白了。”

“By the way, tell you a(piece of)good news.” “小王，顺便告诉你一个好消息。”

“Good news, what good news?” “好消息,什么好消息？”

“Our Crew will go abroad to perform drilling service.” “我们队马上要出国打井了。”

“Really? Which country?” Wand excitedly.“真的吗？哪个国家？”小王激动了。

“Iran,” Zhou said, “Details, the Rig Manager will announce in the meeting.” “伊朗。”周工道，“详情，平台经理会在会上宣布。”

“Really? That’s wonderful.” Wang cheered up, “I am the luckiest guy in the world.” “噢，太妙了。”小王欢呼着跳了起来，“我是世界上最幸运的人。”

“You are, indeed.” “确实是。

Vocabulary practice technician 实习技术员

small size hole(slim hole)小井眼 drilling crew 钻井队

big size hole 大尺寸井眼 drill floor,rig floor,floor 钻台

drawworks 绞车

drawworks horsepower 绞车功率

drawworks sensor 绞车(上的进尺)传感器 well-site, rig-site 井场

drilling capacity 钻深能力 rig manager平台经理

DC(drill collar)钻铤 drilling engineer 钻井工程师

DP(drill pipe)钻杆

assistant engineer 助理工程师

knock at an open door 多此一举 toolpusher 带班队长

rotary table 转盘

driller 司钻

open diameter 开口直径 assistant driller 副司钻

gear, shift gear 挡位,排挡 derrickman, monkeyman 井架工

setback capacity 排管能力 roughneck, floorman 钻工

single-action 单作用 roustabout场地工

liner 缸套

motor fireman 司机

wellhead 井口

motorman 司助

circulation & solid system 循环固控系统 machinist 机械师,机工,机械大班

forward gear 正挡 electrician 电器师,电工,电器大班

reverse gear 倒挡 operation program 作业程序(指令)

cathead 猫头 caravan 营房，大篷车

tong 大钳 drilling experience 钻井经验

elevator 吊卡 well depth 井深

slip 卡瓦

slip area 卡瓦卡紧面

slip back-up 卡瓦支撑(套)slip bowl 卡瓦座,卡盘

slip bushing 卡瓦补心 slip dog 卡瓦牙块, 卡瓦牙板

slip-elevator 卡瓦式吊卡 slip grip 卡瓦打捞爪, 卡瓦夹持器

slip groove 卡瓦槽

slipper joint pliers鲤鱼钳

slip load 卡瓦负载[卡瓦悬吊的钻柱重量] slip insert 卡瓦牙

slip joint 套筒连接,伸缩连接,滑动接头 slip-off(焊点)脱开

slip-on flange 松套法兰;滑套凸缘

stepless gear 无级变速传动

stepless speed change device无级变速装置 stepless speed change 有[无]级变速

stepless speed regulating 无级调速 stepless speed regulation无级调速

level [horizon] 层位,层段 design depth 设计井深

makeup 上扣 spud in 开钻

breakout 卸扣 ROP(rate of penetration),drilling speed penetration rate 钻速

trip 起下钻

wind load 风载荷

wind load capacity(井架的)风载能力

wind load rating 额定风载(荷)geological condition 地质情况(条件)

diesel-engine 柴油机

high pressure 高压

diesel-generator set柴油发电机组 high H2S 高含硫

horsepower 马力 high dip angle 高倾角

oil temperature 油温 fault 断层

oil pressure 油压

loss circulation 井漏，循环漏失

rotary(rotation)speed 转速 drillability 可钻性

compressor 压缩机 working uniform 工作服

oil supply 供油 brake handle, brake bar 刹把

water supply 供水

well condition 井况

circulating tank, circulation tank 循环罐 normal drilling 正常钻井

reserve tank 储备罐

parameter 参数

trip tank 补给罐，尖底罐 rotary speed 转盘转速

shale shaker 振动筛 pump pressure 泵压

linearity 线性

WOB(weight on bit)钻压

mesh 目,网孔;啮合,编织 torque 扭矩

screen cloth 筛布 displacement 排量

safety meeting 班前会 pump stroke 泵冲

shift exchange 交班 mud pump 泥浆泵

drilling service 钻井服务 master 师傅,主人;征服,控制,精通

in charge of 负全责,经营,照顾 arrange 安排,排列,协商

assign 分配,指派

obtain 获得,得到

remember 记得;回忆起,纪念 according to 根据,依照

prepare for 准备,使有准备 normal 正常的,正规的,标准的just so-so 马马乎乎 introduce 介绍,传入,引进,提出

satisfy 满足,使满意,说明

Chapter II Inspection of Site Construction 钻前工程验收

The Rig Manager Office at the well-site.The Rig Manager, George, was reading a completion report.Suddenly，the telephone rang, he picked it up.井场，平台经理办公室。平台经理彭远春（George）正在阅读一份完井报告，电话铃突然响了，他提起了电话。

“Hello.This is Email speaking.I’d like to talk with George.“你好！我是监督Email，我要同George讲话！”

“Hi, Email.How nice to hear you!What’s the matter?” “你好，Email, 听到你的声音真高兴！什么事？”

“I just got the information from the Site Construction Company, the new location TBK-3 is ready.”

“我刚从钻前公司得到消息，新井场TBK-3出来了。”

“Really?That’s terrific.” “是吗？太好了！”

“Bring some guys to go there with me for inspection, OK?” “能带几个人同我一道去看看吗？”

“Ok.In five minutes, the drilling engineer, toolpushers, drillers, machinist and I will leave to meet you at the well-site.”

“行，5分钟后，我带着我的代班队长、司钻、机械技师与你在井场汇合。”

“Ok.See you later.” “好的，一会儿见。” “See you later.” “一会儿见。”

One hour later, they arrived at the new location, called TBK-3, in two Petrols.一小时后，他们分乘两辆Petrol来到了新井场TBK-3。

At the new location, the workers were performing a final leveling off with earthmovers and road rollers.In the waste pit, the grab was digging and widening it out.新井场上，土建工人们正用推土机、压路机对前场作最后的平整工作，挖掘机还在对废水池加宽、加深。

As soon as George and his fellows got off the Petrol, Email came and asked: “George, do you find some places where the slope is too steep and the radius of turn is too short on the road to the new location? I’m afraid that the trailer loaded with SCR won’t be able to maneuver the road as it is now.”

George和他的伙伴们刚下车，监督Email走来问道：“George, 有没有发现通往井场的公路有的地方坡太陡，转弯半径太小，搬家时恐怕拉SCR的大拖车无法通过？”

“You’re right, sir.” George agreed.“If it rains, I’m afraid that it will even be dangerous for the trucks.” “是的。” George 赞同道：“如果是下雨天，恐怕连拉设备的大车通过也很危险。”

“How many places need to be modified, you think?” “你觉得有几处地方整改？”

“There are two places where the grade needs to be lessened and the one turn should be opened more.I also found that the two kilometer water supply line hasn’t been connected to the location.”

“有两处地方需要降坡度，一处弯道需加宽。另外，供水管线也差两公里才接到井场。”

“Well, George.Now, send your guys to inspect the new location referring to the Site Construction Drawing, checking where it needs to be modified and perfected.After that, we work out a report together to submit to the Site Construction Company, ordering them to complete the modification in a limit time, so that we can carry out the final inspection.”

“好吧，George。现在安排你的人带上井场施工图按图全面检查井场，看看哪些地方需要整改和完善，然后我们共同作份报告提交钻前公司。限期他们整改完成，我们作最后的验收。”

According to the Supervisor’s order, George sent his guys respectively to check the front site, the rear site, the cellar, the base of the substructure, the mud pump and the solid system, the waste pit, and the drainages, etc.George根据甲方监督要求安排他的人员分别对井场的前场、后场、方井、底座基础、泥浆泵基础、固控系统基础、废水池、排污沟等进行检查。

George and Email stood in the middle of the site, discussing how to arrange and collocate the rig equipment in the new location.George和Email就这口井的井场布置、设备摆放展开了讨论。

“Email, have any suggestions about the collocation of the equipment?” “Email, 对这口井的设备摆放有何建议？”

“I think we’d better move the Air Drilling Package from the rear site to the front site this time.It’s easier for installation and dismantling.”

“我想这次最好将空气钻井设备从后场摆在前场，便于空钻设备的安装和拆迁。”

“So, the drill pipe boxes, material houses, tool house, machining house and casing tool house will be put on the left side of the front site, in their old location?”

“钻干盒、材料房、工具房、加工房、套管工具房还是照老样子摆放在前场吗？”

“Only a small change.Put drill pipe boxes, the casing tool house on the front site, the rest on the rear site.The house used for the Top Drive engineer on duty should be put on the front site.” “有点小改变，钻杆盒、套管工具房放前场。这次要把顶驱值班工程师的值班房放前场。”

“Why?”

“为什么？”

“You know, last well, the Top Drive brought us a lot of troubles.This time, if something’s wrong with it during drilling operation, I can be in touch with the Top Drive engineers in time.” “大家都知道上口井顶驱可给我们找了不少麻烦。这次如果在钻井作业中，一旦顶驱出现故障，便于我及时同他们的联络。”

“No problem.So, about the site caravans, have any changes?” “没问题。那么，井场人员住房有变动吗？”

“Yeah, put your office and mine together for easy communication.The radio room and the clinic should be in your neighbors this time.I think it is more convenient for you to report to your Project Department.”

“这次你的办公室要与我的在一起，便于交流。通讯室和医务室紧靠你的办公室，便于你随时向你的项目部汇报。”

“I see.You are scared that the shouting from the radio room will bother you, right?” “我明白了。你怕通讯室的汇报声打搅你，对吗？”

“You’re smart.Tell you the truth, I can’t bear the Toolpusher’s shouting at 6:30 every morning any more, ‘Qidi, qidi’.” Email copied the Chinese pronunciation incorrectly, causing George to laugh loudly.“真聪明。我确实受不了每天早上 6: 30 带班队长的吼叫声，‘基地基地’”。Email模仿中国人发音的汉语，引起George一阵大笑。

Just then, the fellows who had finished inspecting the new location returned and reported to them.这时，看完井场的人员回到他们身边进行汇报。

“George, Email,” said the machinist, “we also need 3 parallel cement bases beside the solid system.Each should be 1m in width, 20m in length and 30cm in depth.The space between each base should be 1.5m.” 机械技师道：“George、Email，在固控系统旁边，我们还需要三条平行水泥基础。每条基础要 1 米宽、20 米长、30 公分厚。每条基础的间距为1.5米”。

“What’s it for?” Email asked.Email问: “干什么用？”

“As the base for three water tanks.” “作为三个高架水罐的基础呀”。

“No the bases on the drawing?” asked Email, feeling a little strange.“施工图上没有这几条基础吗？”Email问,觉得有点奇怪。

“No.” “没有。”

“However, they built the new site according to the 70D Rig Drawing provided by you?” “人家可是照你们提供的70D钻机图施工的呀！”

“Yeah, but the locations for the three water tanks turned out to be all clay, the groundsill is not steady.”

“可摆放高架水罐地方全是泥土，地基不稳。”

“Ok, I remember.Anything else need to be modified?” “好的，我记下了。另外还有什么地方需要整改？”

“I checked the cellar,” said the toolspusher, “finding the inlet of the drainage plugged seriously.It needs to be cleaned completely.The flat bottom of cellar should be sloped to the inlet for draining waste water easily, but the outlet is too close to the junk slot and it could be covered by the cuttings after the first spudding.” “我检查了方井，”带班队长道，“方井下面的排污口堵塞严重，需要彻底清理。方井底平面应向排污口倾斜便于污水排放，而排出口距排砂槽太近，可能在一开后沙子就掩埋了出口。”

“There are some workers in the cellar.You did not tell them how to modify it, did you?” George asked.“方井里有些工人，难道没告诉他们怎样整改吗？”George 问道。

“Yes.I did.But I don’t know whether they understood or not.They are Iranian laborers.” “告诉他们了。不知道他们听懂了没有。他们都是伊朗民工。”

“Oh, I see.” “哦，明白了。” Without saying any more, George knew that the ordinary Iranian laborers did not know English at all.George 不再问了。他知道普通伊朗劳工根本就不懂英语。

“Have any problems about the drainages around the solid control system? Need to be modified?” asked Email.“固控系统的排污沟有问题吗？需不需要整改？”Email问。

“Perfect.” answered a driller.“没问题。”一司钻回答道。

“Well, our present status is that 90% of the site construction has been completed.Tomorrow, your guys will form two parts.Some come here to prophase jobs for moving, such as clean the site and draw lines for equipment installation.The rest dismantle the derrick, substructure, drawworks, etc, and pack all the equipment.Everything should be ready for moving in three days.The entire move to the new location will be completed within 10 days.For details, you’ll get my written order in the evening.”

“那好，就目前的情况来看，整个钻前工程已完成90%。George, 从明天开始，你的人将分为两批，一部分人到新井场清理井场、划线作钻机搬迁的前期工作，剩下的倒放钻机，设备打包作好搬迁准备。整个搬迁工作我给你们10天时间。今晚你们会收到我的书面作业指令。”

“Yes, sir.” “是，头儿。”

Vocabulary completion report 完井报告

carry out 执行,实施,完成,惯切 emphaisize 着重,强调

progress 前进,行进,进展 in progress 在行进中,在举行

make progress 取得进步 site construction 钻前工程

supervisor 监督 location 井场,井位

front site 前场 inspection 检查,考察,验收

rear site 后场 earthmover 推土机

cellar 方井

road roller 压路机

soild(control)system 固控系统

grab 挖掘机

drainage 排泄;排水系统,排水区域 drainage pump 排油泵,排水泵

drainage pipeline 排放(油、水)管线 drainage water 排出水，污水

drain away 流尽,排尽 drain hole 排泄孔,放出口

drain pressure 排泄压力

drain pump 排空泵,排油泵,排水泵

drain sample 排放液体(油、水)试样 drain valve 排泄阀,放出阀

drain time 排放时间

waste pit 污水池、废水池

air drilling package 空钻设备、空钻包 slope 坡、坡度

dismantle 拆除、拆卸 steep 陡峭的、险峻的drill pipe box 钻杆盒

radiu of turn 转弯半径

casing tool house 套管工具房

turn 转弯

Top Drive(Drilling System)顶(部)驱(动)钻井系统

trailer 拖车、平板车

Project Department 项目部 water(supply)line(供)水管线

on duty 值班

refer to 参照,涉及,提到,查阅

radio room 通讯室 modify 整改、修改

clinic 医务室

perfect 使完善,修改,使熟练

water tank 水罐、高架水罐 work out 设计出,作出,计算出

groundsill 地基、基础横木 submit 提交,递交;（使）服从

inlet 进口、入口 in a limit time 限时

outlet 出口、出路 waste water 废水、污水

junk slot 排砂槽

Chapter III

Rig Move And Equipment Installation 钻机搬迁及设备安装

In the location of TBK-2, the derrick and substructure had been laid down;the drawworks had been disconnected and all the connecting cables, pipelines had been furled and put together.In accordance with the Rig Manager’s order, the personnel of each shift of Rig17 were packing the components of ZJ70D Electric Rig and making ready for loading and moving.TBK-2井场上。井架、底座已经放倒，绞车已经拆开，各种连接电缆、管线已经收拢归位。钻17队的各班人员按平台经理布置的任务，正在给拆散的ZJ70D钻机部件打包，作好装车准备。

Suddenly, the Rig Manager went to the driller of No.3 Shift and asked: “Chen Ming, where’s the machinist?”

这时，平台经理向三班司钻走过来，问道：“陈明，胡技师在哪里？”

“He was here a moment ago.Maybe he’s in the pump house to conduct how to pack now, I think.”

“刚才还在这里，现在恐怕到泵房指导打包去了。”

“Go and tell him the Supervisor wants to talk with him.” “去。告诉他，监督Email有事要同他谈。”

“Ok.” Chen Ming ran to the pump house immediately.“好的。”陈明立即跑向泵房。

Few minutes later, the machinist appeared in the Supervisor’s caravan.几分钟后，胡大班出现在监督的房子里。

“Have a seat, Mr.Hu.” Email said: “Coffee or tea?” “请坐，胡大班。”Email 道：“喝茶还是咖啡？”

“No.Thank you.” “不，谢谢。”

The machinist had a little nervous, he didn’t know why the Supervisor himself wanted to talk with him.胡大班有点紧张，他不知监督有何要亲自同他谈。

“The headquarters just asked me to provide a schedule of the lorries for this moving operation, including the size, weight of each component.The Transport Company will dispatch trucks according to this information.You are the guy who answers for the equipment.About the rig, I think you know more than I do.”

“总部刚才通知我，要我提供这次搬家安装需要的车次，每件设备的尺寸、重量。运输公司将根据这些信息安排车辆。你是主管设备的机械工程师，我想应该比我更清楚这台钻机！”

“Sure.” said Hu, feeling relieved, “According to your instruction, I’ll give you a detailed report as soon as possible.”

“是的，”胡大班释然道：“根据你的指令，我会尽快提交一份详细报告。”

“Ok, see you later.” “那好，一会儿见。”

“See you later.” “一会儿见。”

Back at the rig-site, Hu began to list the rig equipment and estimated the size and weight of huge components, such as: the SCR house, the MCC house, the Mud Pumps, the Diesel Generator Sets, the front & rear part of the Drawworks, the Top Drive and the Air Drilling Packages, etc.After that, he worked out a Schedule Of Lorry Requirements for this moving operation and submitted it to the Supervisor.胡大班回到井场着手清点设备的件数、估算如SCR房、MCC房、泥浆泵、柴油发电机组、绞车前部及绞车后部、顶驱和空钻设备等大件设备重量、尺寸。然后，根据手中掌握的资料制作了这次钻机搬迁所需车辆一览表，提交甲方监督。

“Email, here you are.I’ve finished the task.” Hu handed the Schedule to him.“Email，你交代的任务完成了，这给你，”胡大班将一览表交给他。

“Thank you.Did you include the kinds of truck we need and how many moving operations there will be?” Email asked as he read the schedule.“谢谢！含车型了吗，这次搬迁要多少车次？”Email边看边问。“200 trips in total.We’ll need two 40T cranes and two trailers for the large equipment.” “总共200车次。需要2台40T吊车和两辆60T拖车拉大件设备。”

“Are there the size and weight in the Schedule?” “大件设备的尺寸、重量表里都有吗？”

“Very clearly.” “清清楚楚。”

“That’s great.I’ll get the exact answer from the Transport Company tomorrow.Thanks again.” “很好，明天我就会得到运输公司的确切答复。再次感谢。”

“You’re welcome.It’s my job.” “份内之事，不客气。”

At night, the Toolpushers, Machinist, Electrician, Drillers and Assistant Drillers got together in the Rig Manager Office, reporting to the Rig Manager on the daytime’s work of rig dismantling and packing.是夜，平台经理办公室。带班队长、机械大班、电器大班、正、副司钻正在向平台经理汇报今天钻机的拆卸、包装情况。

“Well done.” affirmed the Rig Manager, “But, Mr.Ran, do you think there might be something wrong with the modules of No.3, No.4 cubicle in the SCR house? Do you remember, we had some problems with them during the 5th spudding.I think you should take the opportunity of this move to check them.”

“干得不错。”平台经理肯定道：“不过，冉技，SCR房的3、4号柜的模块在上口井打5开的时候，老是出现故障，趁这次搬迁检查一下。”

“I did this afternoon.I disconnected them and found a foul-up had occurred on the circuit plate of No.3 module.I also found that the parameters of No.4 module appeared changed from the original ones.The parameters need to be revised.”

“今下午我已把3、4号柜的模块拆下来进行了检查。3号柜模块电路板出现紊乱，4号柜模块的参数与原参数发生飘移，需要校正参数。”

“When will that be done?” “何时搞定？”

“Tomorrow..I’ll replace a new circuit plate for No.3 module and revise the parameters on No.4 module,.”

“明天吧。3号柜模块换新电路板，4号柜模块校正参数。”

“Brake shoes on the drawworks are worn very seriously.They need to be changed for new ones.” George turned to the machinist and asked, “ Mr.Hu, have you arranged a man to do it?”“绞车刹车片磨损严重，要换新的。胡大班，安排人换了吗？”平台经理向机械技师问道。

“Shift 2 has already done it.” “安排钻2班换了。”

“Tomorrow, you’ll take the responsibility for packing the instruments on the Floor.Take special care.”

“明天，钻台上的仪器仪表包装由你亲自负责，需特别小心。”

“What I do, you can rest asssumed.” “我办事，你放心。”

“We are moving soon.Here I emphasize again.Safety is our first priority.Never make the next step without considering all aspects of the safety of the operation.”

“马上就要搬家了，我再次强调安全第一，千万不要单求工作进度，而忽视了安全。”

At this moment, there was a knock on the door, and the Drilling Supervisor entered.这时，钻井监督敲门进来。

“Sorry to bother you.” Email said to the Rig Manager: “Here’s the Fax from the Transport Company, saying their moving trucks will arrive at the location on time, at 8:00 tomorrow morning.” “对不起，打搅一下。”Email说道：“运输公司发来传真，明天早上8:00搬迁车辆准时进场。”

“How many trucks?” asked George.“他们派了多少台车辆？”George问。

“Nine 15 ton trucks, four 20 ton trucks, two 60 ton trailers, one 40 ton crane and two 15 ton cranes.”

“9辆15吨卡车、4辆20吨卡车、2辆60吨拖车。1台40吨吊车、2台15吨吊车。”

“Email, one 40T crane is not enough for moving and installation of ZJ70D rig.It’ll influence the whole progress of moving.You know loading, unloading or installing the large equipment, like the drawworks and the mud pump need at least two 40T cranes to operate together.We requested two, not one.” Said George, very concerned.“Email，70D钻机搬迁、安装，1台40吨吊车不够，会影响整个搬迁进度。你知道，像绞车、泥浆泵这些大件物品要用2台40吨吊车装卸和安装。而且我们要求提供的是2台40吨吊车,不是一台。”George不悦道。

“You have a 40T crane, don’t you?” asked Email.“你们自己不是有1台40吨吊车吗？”Email问。

“Yeah.But in order to ensure the completion our moving the entire rig within 10 days, we need to work at two locations at the same time.That means two 40T cranes will load at the old location.As the local crane drivers are not familiar with rig installation, our crane must be at the new location for unloading and installation.”

“是的，为了确保10天内完成整台钻机的搬迁，我们需要在两个井场同时作业，也就是2台40吨吊车在老井场装车。我们的吊车主要负责新井场的钻机安装，因为地方上的吊车司机不熟悉安装作业！”

“Well, I’ll consult with the Transport Company soon and require them to send another one.” “那好，我同运输公司协商一下，要他们增派1台40吨吊车。”

“I appreciate your help.” “这样最好。”

Email left in a hurry.Email匆匆离去。

“Brothers, everyone has heard the news.Tomorrow morning, 8:00 o’clock, we’ll begin to move.It is 30 kilometers from here to the new location.If it doesn’t rain in the following days, each truck can move 4 or 5 trips per day.It’ll take us at least 3 days to complete moving the rig.” “弟兄们，大家都听到了，明天8:00正式搬迁。从这里到新井场的搬迁距离是30公里，如果以后几天不下雨，每辆卡车每天可以跑4-5趟，最多3天就能完成设备搬迁。”

“If it rains, I’m afraid we may need 4 or 5 days.” the machinist added.“如果下雨，恐怕要4天或5天。”胡大班补充道。

“If things happen like that, it’ll be very difficult to complete the move and installation within 10 days.”

“要是这样，要在10天内完成搬家、安装就难了。”

“I have a suggestion, but I don’t whether it works or not.” Hu hesitated.“我有个建议，不知行不行。”胡大班试着说。

“Go ahead.” George encouraged him.“说说看。”平台经理鼓励道。

“During this move, we should only leave one Shift at the old location to do the loading.The rest of the Shifts should be sent to the new location to unload and install.Loading and moving equipment should be arranged so each piece arrives at the new site just before it is scheduled to be installed.In this way we can save on the total installation time.” “这次搬迁只留一个班在老井场负责装车，其余的人全部到新井场安装。而且设备运输按现场安装的实际需要装车，这样就可以节省整个安装时间。”

“Good idea.” George agreed with him: “So, you draft out a Schedule of Moving & Installing Progress to illustrate which equipment to be loaded on the first day, and which on the second day.”

“好主意。”平台经理肯定道；“那么就由你来编排安装进度表。第一天装那些设备，第二天 装那些设备。”

“Yes, sir.” “是，头儿。”

“One thing I should remind you is that the offices, the radio room and the site caravans must be moved and put into their new location on the first day.” “有一点我要提醒你，办公室、通讯室和大班人员的井场住房在搬迁的第一天要在新井场就位。”

“I’ll take that into account.” “我会考虑进去的。”

The machinist is a smart guy, but it was not until 23:30 that he finished drafting the Schedule and handed it to the Rig Manager.The schedule was as follows: 机械技师胡大班是个动作麻利之人，23:30分左右，他把编好的搬迁进度表交给平台经理。进程安排如下：

The 1st Day:

Move and install derrick base with its slope braces and cross braces;move and install the drawworks base;the rig floor, floor sill, the rotary beam and rotary table.Move and put the site caravans into their positions.搬迁、安装井架底座及横拉筋、斜拉筋、绞车底座、钻台、底梁、转盘大梁及转盘，井场人员住房到位；

The 2nd Day: Move and install the drawworks, the SCR house, the MCC house, the CAT3512 diesel generator sets.Move and put the camp caravans and the radio system into position.Move and install the Volvo diesel-generator so that it is ready to begin transmitting power.搬迁、安装绞车，SCR房，MCC房，CAT3512柴油发电机组，营地住房搬迁到位，通讯设施安装到位、Volvo发电机送电；

The 3rd Day:

Connect each section of mast into one on the site.Connect the standpipe and the rotary hose.Install the mud pumps and the solid control system.Connect drainage pipelines for the site and the campsite.连接井架、立管、水龙带、安装泥浆泵，循环系统；接井场、营地住房下水管线；

The 4th Day: Commission the power and the transmission systems.Move and install the crownblock and the derrick ladders.Sink a metal stake to support the traveling block.Reeve the guide line for the drilling wireline and the drilling wireline.调试动力系统、传动系统，安装天车、井架梯子、摆放游车墩子及游车，穿引绳、穿钢丝绳； The 5th Day:

Raise the derrick.Move and install the extension table on the rig floor, the dog-house and prepare for raising the substructure.Raise the substructure.Complete the auxiliary jobs and put the floor tools in order.起井架、安装钻台加宽台、司钻休息室等起底座准备工作，起底座。辅助工作及整理钻台工具。

The 6th Day: Connect the Kelly and make up the turbine(screw)drill for the rat hole(mouse hole).接方钻杆，配螺杆钻具打鼠洞。The 7th Day: …

“Well done.” praised the Rig Manager, “If we carry out moving and the installation according to this Schedule, we can save on two days.Even if it rains, we can still complete on schedule.“很好,”平台经理评价道，“按照这个进度表实施搬家安装，我们至少能节省两天的时间。即使遇到下雨，我们也能按期完成。”

Having been carefully organized and planned by the Rig Manager, the moving operation went smoothly.What Email, the Drilling Supervisor, saw made him appreciate in his mind: “ They are really a group of high quality oilmen.”

在平台经理的精心组织下，搬迁、安装工作有紊不乱地进行着。钻井监督Email看在眼里，心中暗暗赞道：“真是一批高素质的石油工人。”

“Hi, Email.Are you satisfied with the pace of installation?” George asked the Drilling Supervisor who was standing in the middle of the site.“你好, Email, 对我们的安装进度满意吗？”George站在井场中监督问道。

“Not bad.According to the present rate of installation, I think I should give you only 8 days for the next well.” said Email, smiling.“不错，按这个进展速度，我想下口井的搬迁时间只能给8天。”Email笑着说。

“Oh, no.” George debated immediately, “We did this in such a hurry so that we would have more time to commission the rig.”

“不要，”George赶紧申辩道：“我们抓紧时间是为了留下更多的时间调式钻机。”

“I know.It was only kidding.” “我知道，开玩笑的。”

“Don’t scare me.I am just a sheep.” said George: “By the way, as per the Schedule, we’ll raise the derrick and the substructure half a day ahead of time.I would estimate the raising time at 4:30 pm.Will you attend?” “别吓我，我胆小。”George说：“顺便说一下，按计划我们将提前半天起升井架、底座。估计起井架时间是下午4:30。要不要参加？”

“Sure.And I’ll bring my hand camera to shoot the whole scene.” Email said in high spirits: “You know, the last move and installation, I was back at home on vacation.” “当然参加。而且我还要带上我的摄像机把整个场面拍摄下来。”Email兴致勃勃到；“你知道，上次安装，我正好回国休假。”

“Well.I’ll inform you on time by then.” Finishing the conversation, George turned to do his business.“好的，到时我准时通知你。”George说完，又忙事去了。

At 4:30pm, the Toolpusher disposedly held the brake handle on the floor to run the drawworks.The mast and the substructure both rose up, while the workers cheered, Email shot a group of costful pictures.下午4:30，钻台上带班队长手握刹把，威风冽冽。随着绞车的转动，井架竖起来了，底座升起来了，工人们欢笑起来。监督Email拍下了这一组珍贵镜头。

In the safety meeting, everyone waited for the Rig Manager’s report on the move and installation.班前会上,大家期待着平台经理有关搬家、安装的总结。

“Until now, we’ve completed rig installation three days earlier than the original schedule.” The Rig Manager praised the crew, and he could hardly control his own innermost happiness: “Congratulation to all of you!”

“就目前而言，我们比原定计划提前三天完成设备安装，”平台经理道，掩饰不住内心的喜悦: “祝获大家!”

“Hooray!” The employees cheered.“乌拉!”员工们发出一阵欢呼声。

“Tomorrow, Mr.Zhou will conduct Shift.3 in commissioning the rig, connect the Kelly and make up the screw drill for rat holing.The rests get the site in order for the inspection by the Company HSE Officer and the Drilling Supervisor for the first spudding.”

“明天由周队长带领三班对钻机进行运转调式，接方钻杆、配螺杆钻具打鼠洞。其余的收拾井场。迎接甲方HSE官员和监督的开钻验收。”

Vocabulary electic rig 电动钻机

mechanic rig 机械钻机

disconnect 拆开,分离,断开

connecting cable 连接电缆 pipeline 管线

furl 卷收、叠、收拢

spool 线轴,双端凸缘管,(钻井)四通

spooler 盘绳器,(卷绳)滚筒 spooler device 盘缆器

spooling 卷,缠,绕 spooling capacity 缠绕钢丝绳能力,缠绕盘容量

spool piece 卷筒,短管,双法兰短节

spool valve 滑阀

order 指令,命令,顺序

pack 包裹,捆扎,塞满 Company 公司,甲方

Operator 业主,甲方

Contractor 承包商,乙方

Subcontractor 分包商, 子承包商 pump house 泵房

headquarter 总部

lorry 卡车

transport Company运输公司 schedule 时间表,进度表

component 零部件,成分 size 尺寸,大小,尺码

weight 重量,负担,砝码 information 通知,信息,资料

equipment 设备,装备,器材 instruction 指令,指示,说明书

huge 巨大的,极大的,无限的 front part 前部

rear part 后部 draft out 起草,制订,设计

crane 吊车

SCR house 可控硅房

MCC house 电控房 foul-up 混乱,紊乱

circuit plate 电路板

replace 更换,替换,代替

revise 修订,校对,修正,修改 brake shoe 刹车块

wear out 磨损

instrument 仪表,器械,工具

emphasize 强调,着重 safety 安全,保险,安全设备

operation 运转,操作,作业 aspect外表,(问题等的)方面

bother 打扰,烦扰

fax 传真

influence 影响,改变,感化 load 装载,装填,装货

unload 卸货,摆脱,卸 be familiar with 熟悉

consult with 协商,商量

kilometer 千米,公里

suggestion 提议,意见,暗示 save 节省,保存,保全

in order 整齐,适宜,状况良好 take into account 考虑,重视

guy 家伙,人

slope brace 斜拉筋

cross brace 横拉筋 floor sill 底梁

rotary beam转盘大梁 transmit power 送电,发电

standpipe 立管

rotary hose(旋转)水龙带

drainage pipeline 排污管线

Campsite 营地

commissioning 试运转、试车、调试 crownblock 天车

derrick ladder 井架扶梯 metal stake 游车墩子

traveling block 游车

guide line 引绳

drilling wireline 钻井钢丝绳 extension table(钻台)加宽台

dog-house 司钻休息室 auxiliary job 辅助工作

floor tools 钻台工具

kelly 方钻杆

turbine(screw)drill 螺杆钻具 rat hole 大鼠洞

mouse hole小鼠洞 rat holing 钻鼠洞、钻井底口袋

ahead of time 提前 high quality 高素质

make up 配(钻具)

Chapter IV Equipment(Spudding)Inspection By Company HSE Officer And Drilling Supervisor HSE官员及甲方钻井监督 设备（开钻）验收

At the entrance of the site, 8:00 a.m, the Rig Manager, the machinist and the electrician were waiting for the Company HSE officer and the Drilling Supervisor for equipment(spudding)inspection.早上8:00，井场入口处。平台经理、机械技师、电器技师正在等待甲方钻井监督和HSE官员的到来，进行设备验收（开钻验收）。

“Good morning, gentlemen,” the HSE officer greeted them.“早上好，先生们。”HSE官员向他们问候道。“Morning, Marsood.Morning, Email.” “早上好，Marsood。早上好，Email。”

“George, today’s inspection will be strictly performed depending on HSE principls and the regulations of Company.” Email said to the Rig Manager, very seriously: “This morning we’ll inspect the rig site and afternoon we’ll inspect the campsite.”

“George, 今天的开钻验收将严格按照HSE管理条例和甲方的条例要求执行。”Email对平台经理道，神情很严肃。“上午验收井场，下午验收营地。”

“And I’ll fill in this Inspection Report in practice,” the HSE officer added, waving the paper in his hand.“我将根据验收的实际情况填写这份‘验收报告’,”HSE官员挥舞着手中的开钻验收报告补充道。

“Take it easy, Email, Marsood.This is not our first time to take in Spudduing Inspection.We are full of confidences.”

“放心好了。Email，Marsood，开钻验收不是第一次，我们有信心。”

“Very good!” said the HSE officer: “There are 36 items to be filled in the report.If each item is filled in ‘Yes’, you’ll be OK.”

“有信心就好。”HSE官员道：“这份报告要填写36项,只要这份报告的每一项都填上‘Yes’，你们就O.K了。”

“Mr.Hu, Mr.Ran, did you hear? Any equipment and anywhere pointed out by the HSE officer or the Supervisor need to be modified, you must organize people to complete the modification as soon as possible, never influence the spudding date due to delaying.” George instructed the two guys beside him.“胡技、冉技，对HSE官员和监督指正的地方或需要整改的地方，立即组织人员加班加点的完成，决不能影响开钻计划。”平台经理对身边的两位技师吩咐道。

“I bring my notebook,” said the machinist.“我带着笔记本呢。”胡技道。

“Ok.Let’s begin, my Lord.” George posed himself for invitation.“开始吧，大人。”George对HSE官员、钻井监督做出请的姿势。

There was a desk used to register for visitor at the entrance of the site.The HSE officer began to fill in the Spudding Record.在井场入口处有一张来访者填写来访登记用的桌子。HSE官员开始在桌上填写他的开钻记录。

“Site warning line, ‘Yes’;Emergence gathering point, ‘Yes’;Caution Board, ‘Yes’;Sign Boards for putting on safety hat, uniform, shoes, ‘Yes’.” The HSE officer soliloquized while he filled.“井场警戒线，有。紧急集合点，有。警示牌，有。戴安全帽、穿工装、工鞋的标志牌，有。”HSE官员边填边自语道。

“Where’s the Record of Site Entry Register?” asked the HSE officer.“入场登记记录呢？”HSE官员问。

“In the drawer of the desk.” “在桌子抽屉里。”

Hu picked it out from the drawer and handed it to the HSE officer for checking.胡技师从抽屉里拿出来，递给HSE官员检查。

“The rest? Such as: Vehicle Pass In & Out Register;Fire Permit At Site Hazardous Area;Waste Treatment Records;Fire Emergency Program;Blowout Emergency Program etc.”

“其它哪些记录呢？如：车辆出入登记、井场危险区动火许可证、废物处理记录、火灾应急程序、井喷应急程序等等在哪里？”

“Oh, they are in the meeting room,” Hu answered.“Shall I bring them for you to check now?” “我们都有，在会议室里。要不要现在拿来检查？”胡技师问。

“No, thanks.I’ll check them later.” “不用。等会儿再去检查。”

The HSE officer patrolled around the site to check whether the base of the site was level or not, whether the runway, the ramp and the casing frame were fixed well.HSE官员绕场巡视一周查看井场基础是否平整, 跑道、坡道、套管架是否安装好。

“All the surface casings and casing accessories for 26” hole have arrived?” “固26”井眼的表层套管及附件都到齐了吗？”

“Not yet.BMC promised to send the rest 20 joints of 26”casing prior to the first spudding.” “只差20根20”套管，BMC公司答应在一开前保证送到。”

“Email, help George to hasten BMC to send the rest casings as soon as possible.” HSE officer said to Email.“Email, 你帮他们催促一下。”HSE 官员对监督道。

“OK, no problem.” “行，没问题。”

“How many tons of cement have been delivered now?” “水泥到了多少吨？”

“There are 200t in four cement tanks.Enough for the first spudding,” answered George.“四个灰罐里还有200吨。完全够一开固井用了。”George 回答道。

On the way to the substructure, the HSE officer inspected the workers, who were busy on the site, whether their dresses met with the requirements of HSE.在走向钻机底座的路上，HSE官员检查了场地上干活的工人们的着装是否符合HSE的要求。

In the cellar, HSE officer asked the electrician: “Are the plug and the receptacle of immersible pump explosion-proof?”

在方井里，HSE官员问电器技师；“排污用潜水泵的插头、插座都是防暴的吗？”

“Yes.” “是的。”

“Turn on the lights, I am going to check the illuminating system of the substructure.” “打开底座照明灯，我要检查底座的照明系统。”

The HSE officer climbed up the substructure to check the head-lamp one by one, meanwhile he also checked the connecting pins, safety pins and split pins that used to connect and fix the substructure.HSE官员爬上底座对每盏照明灯逐一进行检查, 同时检查底座连接销、安全销、开口销等。

Email checked the diverting device(poor boy), trip tank and drainage ditch, etc.beside the substructure.Email却在检查底座旁的分流器、补给灌、排污沟。

A moment later, they gathered by the cellar again.一会儿后，他们又聚集在方井旁。

“The lampshade threads of a light in the right substructure have been damaged.Need to change a new one.” The HSE officer found out the problem and filled it in the report.“右底座照明灯护罩丝扣损坏，需要更换，”HSE官员说着，将发现的问题填写在验收报告里。

“The drainage ditch around the substructure need to be dredged,” said Email, “Maybe it was plugged while installation.”

“底座四周的排污沟需要再疏通，”Email说：“可能是安装时造成的堵塞。”

“Mr.Hu, Mr.Ran send guys to modify it right now.” George ordered.“胡技、冉技马上派人整改。”

“And you haven’t laid off the wellhead hazard area.” added the HSE officer.“而且还没划出井口危险区域。” HSE官员补充道。

“We’ll do it soon.Ok?”

“我们立即划出井口危险区域，行吗？”

Prior to climbing up the drill floor, they came to the sand pit in front of the survival passage to check whether the pit depth and sand quantity meet to the requirement.上钻台前，他们来到逃身滑道前的沙坑,查看沙坑的深度和堆沙量是否符合要求。

On the ladder to the floor, the HSE officer shook the handrail and touched it with the gloves on his hands.The handrail was fixed and the gloves were very clean, no any smear.在通往钻台的扶梯上，HSE官员用戴着手套的手摇了摇扶手，又在上面摸了一下。扶手很牢固，手套也很干净、没污迹。

“All the handrails on the ladders are fixed, safety and very clean.Look, I also added the safety ropes for the ladders.” the Rig Manager felt proud, “I often tell my guys whenever they are free they must keep the equipment clean, including the handrails.”

“所有楼梯扶手都牢固、安全，而且还挺干净！你看，我还为这些梯子加了安全绳呢，”平台经理很得意，“我常常告诫我的人随时随地要保持设备清洁，包括扶手在内。”

“Just so-so.I hope you can keep it during the whole drilling operation.” “还行。希望整个钻井过程中也能保持这样。”

On the floor, the HSE officer squatted down to check whether the floor flat and the extended table were fixed well.After entering into the doghouse, he carefully checked the quick-connectors of switchboards, cables, explosion-proof air-conditioner and telephone.Then he counted the quantities of oxygen breathers and fire extinguishers configured for the floor, and checked whether the stretcher equipped for the First Aid.钻台上，HSE官员蹲下来检查钻台面及加宽台是否固定好，然后走进入钻台司钻休息室，对电闸、电缆的快速接头、防暴空调、防暴电话进行了仔细检查。清点了氧气呼吸器和灭火器的数量，是否配备紧急救护用的担架。

Email stood in front of Martin.TOTOC, asking: “Has it been debugged ?” Email却停留在马丁.代克仪表前，问道：“仪表调试过了吗？”

“Sure.No problem.” answered the electrician.“调式过了，没问题。”电器技师回答道。

“Remember? During last 5th spud, Martin.TOTOC couldn’t print out log often while drilling.What was the problem?”

“记得吗？上口井五开的时候，马丁仪表经常打不出随钻记录报告，是什么原因？。”

“Oh, an element in the control board damaged.We purchased but failed at that time.Now it has been replaced.”

“哦，控制板有个元件坏了，当时买不到，现在已经换了。”

“Remember.Company requires no intermission in log while drilling during operation, otherwise your day rate will be deducted.Last well, I held back a lot for you and didn’t report the

headquarters about this.”

“记住，甲方要求随钻记录在钻井过程中不能间断，否则要扣日费。上口井多亏我帮你们隐瞒了，没向总部报告。”

“Thanks.This will never happen again.” “谢谢，这次不会了。”

Out of the doghouse, they began to check the equipment on the floor.The Rig Manager knew that the floor was the keystone to be checked.走出司钻休息室，HSE官员、Email开始对钻台上设备进行检查。平台经理知道钻台是他们检查的重点。

The HSE officer was in charge of inspecting circuit and air connections of mechanical units.HSE官员负责检查机械设备的电路连接和气路连接；

Email was in charge of inspecting the running condition of mechanical units — Weight Indicator, Pressure Gauge, Rotary Torque Indicator, DC Torque Gauge, Stroke Counter, Standpipe Pressure Gauge, Drawworks, DC Drilling Motor, Driller’s Control Console, Control Console of Top Drive, Air Hoist, whether the snub line, slings of balance hammer and deadline anchor were fixed and reliable or not.Email负责检查机械设备及仪表—指重表、压力表、转盘扭矩表、钻铤上扣扭矩表、泵冲记数仪、立管压力表、绞车，DC钻井马达、司控台、顶驱控制台、风动绞车的运行情况，吊钳尾绳、平衡锤吊绳、死绳固定器是否牢固、可靠。

“Start the drawworks,” the HSE officer ordered the driller, “Start ‘A’ motor first, then ‘B’ motor, at last parallel them.I’ll check whether the motors run in good order.” “启动绞车，”HSE官员对司钻道，“先开A马达，再开B马达，最后并车运行。我要检查直流马达是否工作正常。”

“Yes, sir.” The driller ran the drawworks in accordance with the HSE officer’s instruction.“是。”司钻按照HSE官员的指令逐步启动绞车。

Meanwhile, Email was checking the sensitivity of the brake system of the drawworks—testing main brake band, electromagnetic eddy brake, air brake and crownblock protector;the arrangement and perfection of the drilling line on the drum;the power to makeup and breakout.与此同时, Email却在检查绞车刹车系统的灵敏度—测试主刹带、电磁涡流刹车、气刹和防碰天车；滚筒钢丝绳的排列和完好性；猫头上、卸扣的力度。

The drawworks ran smoothly and no abnormal condition occurred.15 minutes later, the HSE officer moved his hand to the driller to stop.绞车运转十分正常，没发现任何异常情况。15分钟后，HSE官员挥手叫司钻把绞车停下来。

“Operate the 1#, 2# mud pumps at rated power of 120spm right now.Each pump runs for 5 minutes.”

“现在按泥浆泵的额定冲数120spm运转1#、2#泥浆泵，每台泵运行5分钟。” minutes passed, the pumps ran very well.The HSE officer and the Drilling Supervisor had nothing to say.10分钟过去了，两台泵运转正常，HSE官员和监督均无话可说。

“Has aligned the wellhead with 11” DC?” Email asked the driller.“用11”钻铤校正井口了吗？”Email问司钻。

“Sure, of course.” “当然校正了。”

“Well, run the rotary table at 50, 80, 100, 120rpm, I’ll check whether it has unusual sound during rotating.”

“好，按50，80，100，120rpm转动转盘，我要检查转盘是否有异常声音。”

The driller did according to his requirement.The HSE officer and the Supervisor listened carefully beside the table, it seemed that they wanted to hear something, but failed.5 minutes later, the rotary table was stopped.司钻按监督的速度要求运行转盘, HSE官员和监督在一旁仔细地监听，似乎要听出点异常,可他们失望了。5分钟后, 转盘停了下来。

“Test the alert horn.” HSE officer ordered.“拉响报警器。”HSE官员道。

The horn sounded, but the distinguishability of(Hi-lo signal alarm)althorn and sackbut was not clearly.The HSE officer shook his head unsatisfiedly.警报响了，可高、低音喇叭分辨不清楚，HSE官员听得直摇头。

“We modify right now,” said the electrician in a hurry, “change the althorn.” “我们马上整改，换高音喇叭。”胡技师赶紧道。

“Well.Check the illuminating system of the mast, now.” the HSE officer said to the electrician.“好的。现在检查井架照明系统。” HSE官员对冉技道。

The electrician switched power supply for the system.The HSE officer looked up to check, and all the lights were shining.冉技合闸，接通井架照明系统电源。HSE官员仰头查看，所有灯都亮着。

“Branch cable connection, lamp holder, lampshade of each lamp in the mast is safe and reliable? No problem?”

“井架上每盏灯的支线电缆的连接、灯座、护罩是不是都安全可靠，不会有问题吧？”

“Absolutely not.I did it myself.”

“井架上的照明电缆是我亲自接的，绝对安全可靠。”

“I trust you.But I must climb up the mast to check them one by one.” he touched the electrician’s shoulder, “I also check whether the pins of the mast were fixed, whether inserted safety pins and split pins for them;whether the hose was tied well with safety line.You see, the stabbing board, the monkeyboard, the crownblock and the escape trolley need to be checked too.”

“相信你，但我还是要上去一一检查。” HSE官员拍拍冉技师的肩头。“我要检查井架销子是否牢固，插了安全销没有；水龙带保险绳是否栓好；检查套管对扣台、二层台、逃生装置及天车的安装情况。”

“Ok, I have to accompany you to climb up the mast.” “好吧，我陪你上去。”

While the two fellows climbed up the mast with safety belt, Email, George and the machinist went to the floor toolhouse.HSE官员、冉技系上安全带上二层台检查去了。平台经理、机械技师和钻井监督走向钻台偏房。

As soon as entering into the toolhouse, George’s face went red immediately, feeling very embarrassed.What they saw was terrible.The floor tools—the hydraulic tongs, slips, elevator, bit breaker,and the hand tools in the tool cabinet —chain tongs, pipe tongs, wrenches, pliers(hand vice), screw driver, steel rulers, steel tape, scissors and adhesive tape, etc.were put in a complete mess.一走进钻台偏房，平台经理的脸一下子红了起来，极为尴尬。他们所见到的惨不忍睹。只见钻台工具—液气大钳、卡瓦、吊卡、钻头盒，以及工具柜里的手工具—链钳、管钳、扳手、钳子、螺丝刀、钢板尺、钢卷尺、剪刀、胶粘带等摆放得乱七八糟，一塌糊涂。

“Oh, no.” George wailed before the Supervisor complained: “Don’t fill this in the report, please.Give me an hour, I’ll get everything in apple-pie order.”

“噢，不要。”不等监督开口，George先说道：“别记录，给我一个小时，我把这里搞得规规矩矩、井井有条。”

“You are smart.” “算你聪明。”

“What’s wrong, Hu?” George roared to his machinist in a bad temper, “If the spudding date is influenced, you’ll lose you bonus.”

“怎么搞的，胡大班？”George对他的技师发怒道。“影响了开钻，我要扣你的奖金。”

“Yesterday afternoon, I arranged Shift 2 to do it,” murmured the machinist, feeling very grievance.“昨天下午，我安排二班收拾的。”胡大班喃喃道，心头受训感到十分委屈。

The pipeline connection from the pumps to the standpipe was also checked prior to ending the floor inspection.在结束钻台检查之前，他们还检查了泥浆泵到立管的管线连接。

In circulation & solid control system, the HSE officer firstly checked the mud and fresh water prepared for the first spudduing, then the cable slot, wiring condition of shale shaker, vacuum degasser, centrifuge and illuminating system, at last he asked to run the units as per its rated power.循环固控系统，HSE官员首先检查了泥浆罐里为一开准备的泥浆和清水，然后检查泥浆罐上的电缆槽、振动筛、真空除气器、离心机和照明系统的电路情况并要求按这些设备的额定功率试运行这些设备。

Email checked the connections between No.1 to No.5 mud tanks, including butterfly valves, pit level devices in the tanks and the work condition of desilters, desanders, degassers, mud guns, agitators on the tanks.Email检查了1~5号泥浆罐各罐之间的连接，罐里的蝶阀、液位标尺，罐上的除泥器、除砂器、除气器、泥浆枪、搅拌器的工作状况。

“George, the butterfly valve of No.2 tank has a little leakage.Two mud guns are rusted seriously.You didn’t maintain them, right?”

“George，2#罐蝶阀滴漏，泥浆枪有点锈蚀，没有进行润滑保养，是吧？”

“It’s impossible, Email.Maybe it’s the reason of being used for a long time.” George explained.“不会吧，Email。可能是泥浆枪用久了的缘故吧。”George辩解到。

“I don’t care.No matter what reasons, you must send a guy to maintain them, otherwise…” “我不管，反正你得派人搞一下。否则„...”

“Yes, sir.” George interrupted him.“遵命。”George打断他的话。

At last, the HSE officer said: “Show me the mud level records!”

最后SHE官员问：“把泥浆液面观察记录拿来看看？”

“Here you are.” The machinist hand in the record notebook, which was hanged beside the centrifuge.“给。”胡技师把挂在离心机旁的记录本交给HSE官员。

In the weighting house, the HSE officer met the mud engineer who was guiding the local labors to convey barite.在配药房HSE官员遇见了正在指挥当地民工搬运重晶石的泥浆工程师。

“Do you prepare eyewash for the workers?” “备有洗眼液吗？”他问。

“Of course.It’s over there,” said the mud engineer, pointing the eyewash by the rinsing pool.“有，在哪儿。”泥浆工程师指着放在洗手池旁洗眼液说。

“You should paste a clear sign of eyewash over there so that to satisfy HSE requirements,” the HSE officer blamed, “Look, without your reminding of me, I couldn’t find it.” “应该在那里贴上洗眼液的明显标志，这样才符合HSE要求。”HSE官员责备道：“瞧，要不是你提醒，我根本找不到。”

“I see, my lord.” “明白了，大人。”

“Start the weighting pump,” the HSE officer ordered the mud Engineer, ”I’d like to check its running condition.”

“启动加重泵，”HSE官员对泥浆工程师命令道，“我要看看它的运行情况。”

The mud engineer knew that he wanted to check whether it was connected to the hopper, whether the hopper worked normally.泥浆工程师知道他要检查加重泵是否与漏斗连接，漏斗能否正常工作。

After inspecting the solid control system, they came to the pump house.The assistant driller and two roughnecks were busy on No.1 mud pump.检查完固控系统，他们来到泵房。副司钻和2个钻工在1号泵上忙碌着。

“What’s wrong?” asked Email, “any troubles with the pump? It was all right a moment, right?” “怎么回事，”Email问道，“泵出现问题了？刚才试运行不是好好的码？”

“Nothing.I informed them to replace the liner and the piston,” answered the machinist, “when operated the pumps, the small size liner of No.1 pump wasn’t replaced in time during moving.You know, opening the hole with 26” bit needs big displacement, so the small size liner needs to be changed into 190mm.It’ll be completed soon.” “没什么。我通知他们换缸套活塞。”机械大班回答道：“刚才试泵的时候，1号泵还是小尺寸缸套活塞，在搬迁时没来得急更换。你知道，26”井眼开钻需要大排量，因此1号泵要换成190mm缸套活塞。很快就换好了。”

“After the liner replaced, try to run it again,” said the HSE officer.“换好后再试运行一下，”HSE官员道。

“Yes, Sir.” “是。”

No more questions, Email and the HSE officer began to check DC motors, power supply wiring of two pumps, valves and unions of In and Out pipelines.Email与HSE官员不再多问，开始检查两台泥浆泵的DC马达，电源连接，进、出口管线闸

门和由壬。

“Ran, come on,” the HSE officer shouted to the electrician, pointing the cable connector of DC motor of No.2 pump, “The insulating tape winding the cable connector is aging.The cablehead will be naked out soon, I estimate.It needs to be wrapped(wind)again.”

“冉技师，过来一下，”HSE官员对电器技师喊道，指着2#泵DC马达，说：“电缆接头缠绕的胶布老化了，估计用不了多久线头就会裸露出来，需要重新缠绕。”HSE官员对电器技师说。

“I’ll wind the insulating tape for the two pumps over again.” “我马上把两台泵接线头都重新缠绕一遍。”

Out from the SCR house, MCC house and entering into the Generator House, the HSE officer said to the Drilling Supervisor, “The American’s products are unquestionable indeed.I hardly find out any defects.”

从干净、整洁的SCR和MCC房里出来进入发电机房，SHE官员对钻井监督说：“美国佬的产品确实无可挑剔，我简直找不出什么毛病。”

“That’s because you are not familiar with them,” said Email, “Last well, something wrong with the modules of No.3, No.4 control cubicles, it brought them a lot of troubles and almost caused a downtime.”

“那是你不太熟悉他们罢了，”Email道：“上口井，SCR房里的3#柜、4#柜里面的模块出了问题还不是一样的麻烦，差点造成停钻事故。”

“Oh, I see.To me, electric is very complex.” The HSE officer shook his shoulder helplessly.“哦，对我而言，电这个东西确实太复杂了。”HSE官员无奈地耸耸肩。

“Shall I start 4 CATs for inspection?” asked the motorman while they were chatting.谈话间，机房司机问要不要启动四台CAT 3512发动机组让他们验收

“Only start No.2 generator sets to check running condition.” “启动 2#机组，我们看看运行情况就行了。”

Later, in the oil tank battery, they checked valves, pipeline connection of fuel tanks and the motor that used to transfer the fuel oil.随后，在油罐区，他们检查了几个燃油罐的阀门、管线连接和高架罐的油泵马达。

Outside of the remote control station, Email checked the valves and unions in the control manifold carefully to find out whether there is a leakage or not.在远程控制房的外面，Email仔细检查了控制管线的阀门和由壬，查看有无泄漏。

In the station, Email and the HSE officer checked whether the independent automatic accumulator unit of the control system for BOP stacks was in good condition, whether the remote

control panel clearly showing open and close positions for preventers and the hydraulic operated kill / choke line valves.Without recharging, whether the accumulator capacity was adequate for closing and opening all preventers and closing again the annular and one ram type preventer and hold them closed against the rated BOP WP.远程控制房里，Email和 HSE官员检查了用于防喷器组控制系统的独立自动储能装置是否状态良好；遥控台上是否清楚标识防喷器和液压操作压井/节流管线阀门的开位和关位。勿需再充氮，储能量是否适合关闭和打开所有的防喷器，再关闭环空和一个闸板防喷器并针对额定的BOP工作压力保持其关闭。

At the same time, they also checked the low pressure warning alarm and the low fluid level warning alarm equipped in the station.同时，他们还检查了远控房里配备的低压报警和低液位报警装置。

“Ok, not bad.The configuration of the station completely satisfies HSE requirements.” The HSE officer gave his comment.“不错。远控房的配置完全满足HSE要求。”HSE官员评价道。

As soon as entering into the fire-fighting house, what stroke their eyes were the fire-fighting tools put in apple-pie order.The fire-fighting axes, shovels, buckets, fire blankets and fire hoses were hung as consistent with the layout lines on the walls.The fire extinguishers on the ground met HSE layout requirements completely.最后他们走进消防房。只见消防工具—消防斧、消防铲、消防桶、灭火毯、消防管线按壁上的画线，摆放得井然有序，地上摆放的灭火器整整齐齐，完全符合SHE对消防设备的摆放要求。

“How many extinguishers equipped in total?” HSE officer asked.“一共配备了多少瓶灭火器？”SHE官员问。

“Equipped according to HSE standard.10 liters foam extinguisher, 12 bottles;10 liter powder extinguisher, 12 bottles.”

“灭火器是按SHE标准配备的。10升泡沫灭火器12瓶、10升干粉灭火器12瓶。”

“Prepared fire sand?” asked Email.“防火砂准备没有？”Email问。

“Sure, at the left side of the substructure,” answered George, “Shall I show you?” “当然准备了，在底座左边，”George回答道：“要不要带你去看看。”

“Not necessary.” “不必了。”

The HSE officer began to check the labels, valid date and the latch of the extinguisher, whether it worked or not.SHE官员检查这些灭火器的有效期、标签以及锁销是否工作。

“George, the powder extinguishers only have a month’s valid date.I think you should order new ones.”

“George, 干粉灭火器的有效期还有一个月，我想你们该订购了。”

“We’ve listed it in our procurement schedule.” “这个已列在我们的采购计划中。”

Out of the rig-site, HSE officer asked George: “How many searchlights are used to illuminate the whole site?”

走出井场，SHE官员问平台经理：“井场照明用了几盏探照灯？”

“20 searchlights around the site.”

“整个井场用了20盏探照灯，分别在井场四周。”

“Install another 2 searchlights at air drilling package, make the front site lighter at night, Ok.” The HSE officer suggested.“在空钻设备处加2盏探照灯，使前场更晚上更亮点。” HSE官员建议道。

“Good idea.” “没问题。”

“It’s time for inspecting the clinic.” The SHE officer offered.“走，看看你们的医务室。” HSE官员提出要对医务室进行检查。

In clinic, Mr.Liu, the doctor of the Drilling Crew, was busy in assorting and registering the messed medicine and medical appliances due to moving.医务室里，随队的刘医生正在将药品及医疗器械归类、登记。

“Hi, Dr.Liu.” greeted the HSE officer, offering his hand.“你好，刘医生。” HSE官员伸手问候道。

“Hi, Marsood.Welcome.” Dr.Liu held his hand.“你好，Marsood。欢迎检查。”

Checking the medical instruments, the medicine cabinet, First Aid equipment according to HSE requirements, the HSE officer felt satisfaction with what Dr.Liu did.HSE 官员按HSE要求检查了医疗器械、药品柜、急救设备，感到很满意。

“Very good.Doctor Liu,” he appreciated, “However, next month is summer, the weather will be much hotter in this region.You should prepare abundant medicine for sunstroke prevention.” “很好，刘医生。”他称赞道。“不过，下个月就进入夏季了，这个地区天气较为炎热，应配备充足的防暑降温药品。”

“Sure.This shift I bring some traditional Chinese medicines for sunstroke prevention.I think no problem.”

“那是当然，这轮班我带些防暑降温的中药过来，应该没问题。”

“Snakes often appear in this region in summer days.Do you prepare any blood serums for emergence?”

“这地区常有毒蛇出没，配备了应急用的些血清没有？”

“A little, only three serums.It’s very difficult to buy this kind of anti-toxin serum.” “有，但只有三只。这种血清在市场上很难买到。”

“I’ll try to help you.” HSE officer promised.“我给你们想想办法。” HSE官员承诺道。

“Thank you in advance.” “那就谨先致谢。”

In the afternoon, accompanied by the Camp Manager, the HSE officer inspected all the camp establishments--kitchen, dining-room, storeroom, employee’s caravans, laundry and bathroom, etc.He wanted to know whether these establishments could be up to the HSE standard of sanitation.下午，HSE官员在营地经理陪同下对营地设施—厨房、餐厅、储藏室、员工住房、洗衣房、卫生间进行检查，看卫生条件能不能达到HSE的标准要求。

In the laundry, HSE officer tested two washing machines and two dryers.洗衣房里，HSE官员试了二台洗衣机和二台干洗机。

“Look, that washing machine doesn’t work.Why not to send it to be repaired?” “瞧，那台台洗衣机坏了，为什么没送去修理？”

“The laundry and its equipment are still in the guarantee period.We have touched the supplier, and he promised to send a repairman to repair it soon.”

“洗衣房及其设备还在保修期内，我们已经供货商联系过了，他们答应很快派人来修理。”

The next door was the bathroom, the HSE officer ordered the camp manager to open all the waterlines to check the taps and the showers.洗衣房隔壁是浴室，HSE官员叫营地经理打开所有水管线检查水龙头和蓬头。

“Two showers damaged.One waterline leaked.They should have been replaced or repaired, why?” the HSE officer asked unhappily.“浴室里有两个蓬头坏了，水管线也漏水，为什么没有更换和修理？” HSE官员不悦地问道。

“Sorry.We just settled down, having no time to consider this.But I’ll send a guy to modify at once.”

“对不起，我们刚安定下来，没来得及。不过，我马上派人整改。”

“Remember, next time, no sorry.” The HSE officer said seriously, meanwhile he filled what he had found in the report.“记住，下次可没有对不起，”HSE官员严厉道，同时记录在验收报告里。

In this case, the Camp Manager began to be a little worried because he did not know what would happen in the next during inspection.这种情况下，营地经理开始担心起来因为他不知道接着会出什么事。

The HSE officer frown as he saw the flies flying all round in the dining-room, saying: “ Mr.Tang, look, so many flies, you should equip a unit for the dining-room to drive out of the flies.To have dinner in a clean and comfortable circumstance, it will be good for the employee’s health.” 在餐厅，看见四处飞舞的苍蝇，HSE官员皱了皱眉头说：“唐经理，餐厅里的苍蝇太多，应该有一台驱苍蝇设备。这样员工们在干净的环境里就餐，会对身体有好处。”

“The unit is being purchased.I’m sure you’ll have different feelings while you come to inspect next time.”

“我们正在积极采购，下次你来检查感觉肯定不一样。”

“I hope so.” “但愿如此。”

At night, in the meeting room at site, HSE officer affirmed today’s inspection referring his Inspection Report, and offered his suggestions about modification according to HSE principles.晚上，井场会议室，HSE官员对今天的验收给予了肯定，也提出了整改意见。

“Anyway, few places need to be modified.I hope that you complete the modifications as soon as possible, otherwise the spudding date will be delayed,” said the HSE officer.“总之，需要整改的地方不多，希望你们尽快完成，不影响开钻日期。” HSE官员道。

“Set your heart at rest.I guarantee we’ll complete the modification in a day,” the Rig Manager promised, “ and spud on time.”

“你放心，一天之内我保证整改完毕，”平台经理承诺道：“保证按时开钻。”

“Well, I’ll consign the last inspection to Email,” HSE officer said, “If he thinks OK, you’ll be OK.” “那好，最后的整改验收，我委托Email执行。”HSE官员道：“如果他认为行了，你们就过关了。”

Vocabulary spudding inspection 开钻验收

regulation 规章,规则,调节 fill in 填充

in practice实践,实际上,熟练

take in接受,接待,吸收,理解

confidence信心

modify修改,更改,整改

instruct教导,命令,指示,通知 register登记,注册,记录

caution board警示牌 sign board标志牌

patrol出巡、巡逻 runway跑道

ramp坡道

catwalk 狭窄的过道,高空走道;高台,天车台

catworks 辅助(猫头)绞车,绞车的猫头部分 casing frame套管架

surface casing表层套管 casing accessories 套管附件

casing adapter 套管异径接头

casing anchor 套管锚

casing anchor packer 套管锚封隔器 casing annulus 套管环空

casing appliances 下套管工具

casing centralizer 套管扶正器

casing check valve 套管止回阀, 套管回压凡尔 casing clamps 套管卡子

casing collapse 套管挤坏

casing collar 套管接箍

casing connecting spool 双法兰短节 casing connection 套管连接

casing deformation 套管变形 casing dog 套管打捞矛

casing elevator 套管吊卡 casing failure 套管断裂,套管损坏

casing fitting 套管配件 casing float collar 套管浮箍

casing float valve 套管浮阀 casing gauge 套管丝扣规

casing guide shoe 套管引鞋

casing-head spool 套管头四通

casinghead squeeze 套管头挤水泥 casing-head top 套管头顶

casing hold-down ring 套管头压紧环 attachment附件,附加装置

hasten催促,赶紧,促进 cement水泥,注水泥,结合剂,胶结剂

cement tank灰罐 plug 插头

receptacle插座 diving pump 潜水泵

explosion-proof防爆 illuminating system照明系数

head lamp照明灯 connecting pin连接销

safety pin安全销

split pin开口销

diverting device(poor boy)分流器 drainage ditch排污沟

lampshade灯罩

dredge挖掘,疏通

wellhead hazard area井口危险区域 sand pit 沙坑

survival passage逃生滑道 handrail扶手

glove手套

smear油迹,污点,涂上,抹掉,除污

squat down蹲、蹲下 floor flat 钻台面

extended table加宽台

doghouse司钻休息室

quick-connector快速接头 switchboards配电盘,配电板

oxygent breather氧气呼吸器 fire extingwisher灭火器

configure配置,设定 stretcher担架

First Aid紧急救护 debug调试,调试工具;排除

print out打印 log while drilling随钻记录

control board控制板 intermission间断

hold back隐瞒

keystone重点

circuit connection电路连接 air connection气路连接

weight indicator指重表

pressure gauge压力表

rotary torque indicator转盘扭矩表 DC motor直流电机

AC motor交流电机

air hoist风动绞车

DC torque gauge钻铤上扣扭矩表 stroke counter泵冲记数仪

standpipe pressure gauge立管压力表 snub line吊钳尾绳

balance harmmer平衡锤 sling吊绳

deadline anchor死绳固定器 sensitivity敏感系数（度）,灵敏性

brake system刹车系统 electromagnetic eddy brake电磁涡流刹车

air brake气刹 crownblock protector(saver)防碰天车

drum滚筒

rated power额定功率

align对准,校正,校直 alert horn报警器

althorn高音喇叭 lampshade灯罩

lampholder灯座

safety line保险绳

stabbing board对扣台（套管）escape trolley逃生滑车

safety belt安全带

floor toolhouse钻台偏房

hydraulic tong液气大钳 slip卡瓦

elevator吊卡

bit breaker钻头盒

tool cabinet工具柜 chain tong链钳

pipe tong管钳

wrench板手

pliers钳子、老虎钳 steel ruler钢圈尺

scissor剪刀

adhesive tape胶粘带

fresh water清水

cable slot电缆槽

vacuum degasser真空除气器 rated power额定功率

butterfly valve蝶阀 pit level device液位标尺

desilter除泥器

desander除砂器

degasser除气器 mud gun泥浆枪

agitator搅拌器 leakage漏,泄漏,渗漏

rust铁锈,（使）生锈 mud volume泥浆体积

weighting house加重房 barite重晶石

eyewash洗眼液

rinsing pool洗手池

weighting pump加重泵 hopper漏斗

piston活塞

union油壬

cable connetor电缆接头 age老化

insulating tape绝缘胶布 defect缺陷、缺点

control cubicle控制柜 downtime停钻

oil tank battery油罐区 fuel tank燃油罐、高架罐

fuel oil燃油

remote control station远控房

control manifold控制管汇 automatic accumulator unit自动储能装置

tap水龙头

BOP stacks防喷器组

remote control panel远控台 shower蓬头

kill line 压井管线 choke line节流管线

preventer防喷器 annular环空

ram闸板

WP（working pressure）工作压力

low pressure低压 low fluid level低液位

fire-fighting消防

fire blanket消防毯

fire hose 消防水龙带

foam extinguisher泡沫灭火器

powder extinguisher干粉灭火器

fire sand防火砂

valid date 有效期 latch锁销

searchlight探照灯

medical instrument医疗器械

establishment设施、确定、制定 kitchen厨房

dining-room餐厅 storeroom储藏室

laundry洗衣房

bathroom卫生间

washing machine洗衣机 dryer干燥机、干洗机

guarantee period保修期

Chapter V Drilling Operation 钻井作业

At midnight, George, the Rig Manager, was woken up from dream, looking at his watch beside the pillow, it was 4 a.m.before dawn.In the mist, he wanted to go asleep again, suddenly he reminded that today was the spudding date of TBK-3, so his drowsiness disappeared at once.He got up, put on his uniform and rushed to the rig-site.Only 3 hours and 18 minutes left to the spudding time, he would complete the final safety inspection prior to spudding during this period.深夜，平台经理George从梦中惊醒，看了看放在枕边的手表，才凌晨4点钟。迷糊中，他准备再次入睡，可猛然想起今天是TBK-3井的开钻日，顿时睡意全消。他赶紧起床、穿衣，奔向井场。现在离开钻时间还剩3小时又18分钟，他要在这段时间里作开钻前的最后安全检查。

On the rig floor, George asked the driller who was operating the brake handle: “Have you completed to make up the strings for the first spudding?”

钻台上，George问操作刹把的司钻，道：“一开的钻具配好了吗？”

“Two hours ahead of time.” “提前两小时就配好了。”

“The BHA of the first spudding is…?” “一开的钻具组合是„..？”

“26” bit + 11”float valve + 11” drilling jar + 11”DC + 11” crossover sub + 9”DC + 9” crossover sub + 8”DC + 8” crossover sub + 5 1/2”DP.” “26”钻头+ 11”浮阀+ 11”随钻震击器+ 11”钻铤+ 11”转换接头+9”钻铤+9”转换接头+8”钻铤+8”转换接头+ 5 1/2”钻杆。”

“OK.The design depth of first spud is 893m.How many meters of drill pipe have been lifted from the drill box to the pipe rack? “

“OK，一开的设计井深为893米。从钻杆盒里吊了多少米钻杆到钻杆架上？”

“Over 800 meters.” “吊了800多米。”

“Has the wellhead been aligned?” “校正井口没有？”

“Yeah.The Toolpusher has done it.” “带班队长校正过了。”

“Well done.Lift another 300m drill pipe to the pipe rack, and then tell your guys to take a short rest.Use an hour to get the floor tools in tidy for saluting the spudding.”

“很好。再吊300米钻杆到钻杆架上，然后叫大伙儿稍作休息。用一小时的时间将钻台工具收拾规矩，迎接开钻。”

“Ok, sir.”

“好的，头儿。”

Finishing the floor inspection, he went to the circulation & solid control system along the ladder.检查完钻台，George顺着扶梯走向循环固控系统。

“Xiao Li.” George ordered the roughneck who was cleaning the mud equipment, “Start the three Derrick shale shakes, centrifuge, charge pump, and check their running condition carefully again.” “小李，将三台Derrick振动筛、离心机、灌注泵启动起来，再仔细检查检查一下它们的运行情况。”George对正在清洁设备的捞砂工命令道。

“Ok, sir.”

“好的，头儿。”

As soon as Xiao Li switched the power on, the equipment started to run at once.George listened for a while, a smile showed on his face.小李一合上电闸，设备立即运转起来。George听了一会儿，脸上爬上满意的微笑。

“You must keep them in normal operation after spudding, frequently observe outlet return during drilling.”

“开钻后一定要保证它们的正常运转，勤观察出口的返出情况。”

“No problem.I guarantee.” “没问题，我保证！”

On No.4 mud tank, George met the mud engineer, Chang Lin, on night tour, who just came out from the barite house nearby.His uniform was covered with white mud materials.在4#泥浆罐上，George遇见了上夜班的泥浆工程师常林，他刚从配药房出来，工作服上满是白色泥浆材料。

“Hi, Mr.Chang.Mud for the first spudding is ready?” “你好，常工。一开需要的泥浆配齐了没有？”

“Sure.According to the Drilling Program about the drilling fluid in this well, drilling 26” hole with air/foam or foam mud, I mixed up 120 m3 foam mud with density of 65 pcf.Besides, I vacated two mud tanks for mixing up LCM(lost circulation material)mud whenever if necessary.” “配齐了。根据这口井对钻井液的指令要求，26”井眼用空气/泡沫或泡沫泥浆，我配了120 m3泥浆密度为65pcf（1.04g/cm3）的泡沫泥浆。另外，我还腾出两个罐随时调配堵漏泥浆。”

“You considered in all aspects!” appreciated George, “The drilling progress of this well will rely on your mud.”

“你想得很周到，”George赞赏道：“这口井的进度全仰仗你们泥浆了。”

“We’ll try our best.But you must guarantee our water supply this time, otherwise…” “我们会全力以赴的！但这次一定要保证泥浆用水，否则„..”

“I’ll also try my best to guarantee that,” George interrupted him, promising solemnly.“我会想办法保证的。”George打断他，郑重地承诺道。

In the pump house, he met the Toolpusher, zhou Hua, who was performing routine inspection.在泵房，他与巡回例检的带班队长周华相遇。

“So, you can’t set your heart at rest and come to check?” “怎么，不放心，还要来看看？”

“Of course.You know the responsibility on my shoulders.The drilling cycle of this well was reduced.If the spud is not our day that some troubles occur, we…”

“那是当然。你知道我肩上的责任。这口井钻井周期减少了，如果开钻不顺，出了漏子„..”

“Stop, my manager.Don’t speak unlucky words.We’ll be successful.” “打住吧，我的经理。我们不需要听不吉利的话，我们会成功的！”

“Successful!” repeated George.“Has the SCR house, MCC house and the wellhead been checked?” “会成功的！”George重复道：“SCR房、MCC房还有井口都检查了吗？”

“Yeah.All are in normal condition.They’re waiting for your order.” “一切正常，只等你一声令下。”

“OK.At 7 o’clock,” George issued his first order, “inform all the guys on tour to gather at the wellhead.Kill the goat to hold a memorial ceremony for the well.” “好。7点正，通知所有上班人员井口聚齐。杀羊，祭井。”

“Who’s the killer?” “杀手是谁？

“Laden, the local labor we employed(hired).For the ceremony, the Camp Manager and Laden

went down the hill to buy the goat.”

“我们雇请的当地劳工Laden。为了祭井，昨天营地管理员（营地经理）和Laden还专门下山一趟买这只羊。”

“The Supervisor isn’t against killing, is he? He is a Christian.” “监督不反对杀生吗？他可是个基督徒。”

“He knows the local customs and habits, as well as Chinese habit to seek luck.Even the spudding time why we chose 7:18, the interpreter explained to him, he agreed to it completely，thinking 18 is a lucky number.”

“他知道这是当地的风俗习惯，也知道中国人图吉利的习惯。就连开钻时间为什么选定7点18分，翻译给他解释了，他也很赞同，认为18是个吉利数字。”

Backed to the office, George felt more sureness.回到办公室，George感觉更踏实些。

Last night, Email, the Drilling Supervisor, came to his office to discussed the Drilling Program and Drilling Cycle issued by Company with him and emphasized the shortages existed in the last well.昨晚，监督Email来到办公室同他探讨甲方给这口井的下达的指令书和钻井周期，着重强调了打上口井存在的不足。

“George, the design depth is 3380m, same depth as the last well, but the drilling cycle is only given 85 days, 30 days less than the last well.”

“George, 这口井的设计井深同上口井一样是3380多米，而钻井周期只给了85天，比上口井的钻井周期要少了30天。”

“I know.We have preparation in mind.” “我知道。我们有思想准备。”

“In the Drilling Program, Company summarized the troubles encountered in the last well in four aspects: “钻井指令书里，甲方对上口井所遇到的麻烦总结了四点： 1.Considerable time lost due to caving formation, losses and kicks.由于垮塌层、井漏和井涌事故损失了大量的钻井时间；

2.Unavailability of the air drilling package in the 26” hole section and the mid

section of the 17 1/2” hole.在26”井眼和17 1/2”井眼中段未能有效使用空钻设备；

3.Inappropriate casing setting depths.套管坐封位置不恰当；

4.Not having a consistent water supply.”

供水不足。”

After the Supervisor finished his statement, George said: “Email, about the first point, we have studied out a set of effective schemes to deal with downhole problems, such as caving, loss, kick and shrink(tight)hole etc.and use them at corresponding intervals.在监督陈述后，George 说：“Email，关于第一点，我已经同我方的工程技术人员研究出一套对付垮塌、漏层、井涌、缩径等井下事故有效方案，在这口井的相应井段使用。”

He halted for a moment, then continued: “About air drilling package, we’ll add two air compressors to increase the displacement from 100m3/min to 165m3/min.That can completely meet the requirement of drilling operation.” 他停顿了一下，接着道：“关于空钻设备，这口井我们将新增2台空压机，排量从100m3/min提高到165m3/min是完全能满足钻井需要的。”

“Inappropriate casing setting depths,” he thought for a while, saying: ”some were due to your supervisor’s wrong order or inappropriate measurements.To solve the problem of consistent water supply at all, I think, only through Company to assort with the local Drilling Crew.” “套管坐封不到位，”他想了想，说：“那是你们监督的作业指令有误或措施不当造成的。要想根本解决水的问题，我想只有通过甲方与当地钻井队协调才能得到解决。”

“About water supply, I’ll urge Company to solve it.Don’t worry.” “关于生产用水，我会敦促甲方的，这一点尽管放心好了。”

“If it is so, we are sure to complete the well successfully.” George encouraged himself.He believed he had the ability as well as his employees did.“如果是这样，这口井我们肯定会成功”George鼓励着自己。他相信自己有这个能力，也相信他员工们也有这个能力。

At 7:18 in the morning, 26”bit was fed into the hole.Email, George and the Toolpusher stood behind the driller, watching him adjusting each drilling parameter: 7点18”，26”钻头准时入井。George、Email和带班队长站在司钻背后，看着他在司控台上调整各个钻井参数：

Rotary Speed: 50-70rpm;

转盘转速:

50-70转/分;WOB(Weight on Bit): 1-2t;

钻压:

1-2T;Pump Pressure: 1 Mpa;

泵压:

1Mpa;Pump Stroke(No.1): 60-70/min;

泵冲（1号泵）: 60-70/min;Pump Stroke(No.2): 60-70/min;

泵冲（2号泵）: 60-70/min;Displacement: 50-60l/s.排量:

50--60l/s。

The driller fed the bit in a moderate and justified speed;footage deepened a meter by a meter.Spudding got along smoothly.Everybody’s face showed satisfying smile.司钻均匀、平稳送钻，进尺一米一米的往下加深。开钻顺利，大家脸上爬上了满意的笑容。

“Email, good beginning is half of success.Good spudding means an omen of success.” George said to the supervisor beside him.“Email, 良好的开端是成功的一半。钻开得不错, 是个好兆头。”George对身旁的监督说。

“I hope so.” Email was not so optimism as him, saying: “But I should remind of you to fully realize the geological condition of the first spudding interval of 893m, master the geological features of each formation described in Drilling Program: “但愿如此！”Email并不象他这样乐观，说：“不过，我要提醒你要充分了解一开893米井段的地质情况，仔细阅读作业指令里描述的每一个层段的地质特性。

The Gashsaran Formation is approximately 167m thick and is consisted of mainly anhydrite and interbedded anhydritic limestone and red, grey marls;Gachsaran 地层167米厚，主要为硬石膏、夹层石膏灰岩和红泥灰岩、灰泥灰岩。

Asmart and Jahrum Formation is approximately 537m(167-704m)thick and consists primarily of a limestone and dolomite.This sequence is highly fractured and porous.In total, more loss zones in the upper 26” hole section, the lower is stress sloughing shale and tight hole interval, easy pipe sticking.”

176-704米的Asmart和Jahrum地层主要为灰岩和白云岩。这个层序很容易为断层和渗透层。总之，26”井眼段上段漏层多，下段是应力页岩垮塌层缩径井段，容易卡钻。”Email一口气地向George陈述道。

“Don’t worry, the mud engineer can mix up LCM mud at anytime.I have told the driller whenever drilling in Asmart and Jahrum Formation, back reaming 10 meter per 1 stand of drill pipe to clean borehole wall and keep the barehole unhindered.And on the solid control system, there will be a guy to keep his eyes on the change of pit level.”

“别担心，泥浆工程师随时可以配制堵漏泥浆。我已告知司钻进入Asmart 和Jahrum地层每钻1立柱进尺，倒划眼十米，清理井壁，保证井眼畅通。固控系统也会有人一直密切监视液面变化。”

“That’s good.To perform deviational survey when drill to 200m.Since then, carry out a survey each trip.”

“很好！钻至200米时测斜，以后每次起下钻，测斜一次。”

“Ok.” “好的！”

“Oh, it’s almost 9 o’clock.Sorry, it’s time for me to report to the Headquarters about the spudding.Goodbye, gentlemen.”

“哦，都9点过了。对不起，我该向总部汇报开钻情况了。先生们，再见。”

Email left the floor in a hurry.49 Email匆匆离开了钻台。

The 3rd day of spudding, the Drilling Supervisor, Email was in his office, kept his eyes on real time on-site monitor to observe each changing drilling parameter.Observing almost an hour, he found that the drilling torque increased, rotary speed fluctuated, and the drilling time reduced.He thought it was necessary for him to go to the floor for judging.开钻第三天，办公室里甲方钻井监督Email密切注视着时实监视器上各个钻井参数的变化。在将近1个小时的时间里，钻井扭矩增大、转盘转速有波动，钻时减慢。他想有必要上一趟钻台观察一下。

When climbing up the floor, he saw the Toolpusher holding the brake handle, and George was also observing the change of drilling parameters on the driller’s console.当他爬上钻台，看见带班队长在扶刹把，而George在观察司钻控制台上钻井参数的变化。

“Hello, Email.I am going to report you the present drilling status, as you have come.” “你好，Email。我正要向你报告目前的钻井情况，你就来了。”

“I’ve noticed a little abnormity on the monitor.Does the table have a bouncing phenomena?” Email asked the Toolpusher.“我从监视器上也注意到了异常。转盘有憋跳现象吗？”Email问扶刹把的带班队长。

“A little, not very obvious,” said the Toolpusher hesitantly, “ I guess maybe some teeth worn out or bit balling”

“有一点，不很明显。”带班队长迟疑道：“我估计钻头牙齿有磨损或泥包钻头。”

“George, have any report about lithologic change of cutting samples from mud logging.” “George, 录井方面有没有报告砂样有岩性变化。”

“No change.Still sandstone.” “没有，还是砂岩。”

“How many hours is the bit in the hole?” “这只钻头打了多久？”

“64 hours.” “64小时。”

“Well, half an hour later,” Email gave his order, “if the drilling speed is the same or bouncing pricks up.Pull out(POOH)and replace the bit.” “那好，再钻半个小时，如果钻速还是这样或憋跳加剧，起钻，更换钻头。”Email发出指令。

“Ok.Email, the depth is 193m now, we’d like to perform deviation survey ahead of time prior to pulling out, so as to check the deviation orientation of the drilled interval,” suggested George.50