第一篇:高考英语最后冲刺-易错词组背诵范文
高考英语最后冲刺-易错词组背诵 1.in turn一个接一个地
in return
作为回报 I tried to do a good deed, but this is what I got in return, by turns=one after the other
take turn to do sth.轮流做某事
turn secretary=become a secretary
turn to sb(for help)
turn up=appear
turn out=prove to be / produce turn down 拒绝=refuse;音量调低 ;向下翻;
2.If she spent five years in Paris, how come she can't speak a word of French? 她假若在巴黎呆了五年,怎麽一句法语都不会说呢?
come across 越过某处;被理解;偶然发现, 偶然遇到 come into being/existence 出现,开始形成,建立
come into use/service 开始使用(无被动)come out 出来;出发;出版;名列…;(总数等)达到(+ at/to)come to light 泄露(真相);被发现
Your statement does not throw light on the subject.并没有说明问题
come true实现,变成现实 My dream has come true.我的一个梦想实现了。realize one’s dream
reach one’s goal
turn sth into reality come up 升起;走进;种子生长发育; 被提出
come up with an idea(突然)想出办法
3.go all out to do sth 全力以赴去做某事 =try one’ best to…=do what / all one can to… go beyond 超出;超出…的能力
go beyond one’s ability / imagination / control go in for参与,参与(竞赛等);从事(某项工作);爱好,酷爱 go out(火)熄灭,过时了
put out the fire(灭火)
put off 推迟, 延期(put off the meeting); put down the rebellion(镇压)go with 相配
(同义词match / go along with)
4.keep in touch with与…保持联系(指状态)
get in touch with(指动作)keep up your courage保持勇气,别泄气
keep up with 跟上
catch up with 赶上
5.look down upon/ on sb 轻视某人;鄙视某人/某物
look on /upon sb./sth.as 把...看作.(近义词组:regard…as;treat…as;consider…as/to be)look over 对…审阅;粗略地看;翻阅
look up a word in a dictionary查阅…
look through 透过…看(尤指空隙或透明物体等);(从头到尾)初略地翻阅 look up to sb 尊敬某人 look sb.in the eye 盯着
6.make oneself at home(如同在家一般)随便些,不必客气 make arrangements for为…做安排 make a been line for取捷径前往 make room for让出地方,腾出空间 make the best of 充分利用,尽量利用 make the most of尽量利用,善于利用
make up for lost time/ground加紧努力补回失去或落后的时间 make oneself heard / understood使自己被别人听到/听懂理解 make good /no sense有意义/没意义 make tea/coffee 泡茶/咖啡
make for有助于,使成为 Cultural exchanges make for mutual understanding.7.put away 放好;收起来;把…放在原位;储藏 放弃
put aside放在一边;抛弃;暂时不做;留出(时间),省出(钱)put sth.in order(使)整齐
put on weight增加体重(lose weight减肥,减少体重)
put on your clothes穿衣
take off your clothes脱衣 put an end/stop to制止,使停止,结束
come to an end(某事)结束
end up with failure以失败而告终 put up with和某人住在一起;忍受,忍耐=bear / stand
put through 做成,完成;接通电话 使通过考试;使经历(难受的事)8.take tsb.by surprise(出人意料地)攻占;撞见 take A for B 把A误认为是B
take sb./sth.for granted认为…是必然情况,视为当然 take sth.into account/consideration加以考虑;予以重视 take advantage of 利用;占…的便宜
take the opportunity of抓住机会;利用(机会)
take charge of开始负…的责;看管;控制
take it easy=Don’t be nervous
take your time 从容
Take your time.There is still half an hour left.take the place of代替
stand for代表
take on a new look 呈现新面貌
take off脱下,起飞 take on sb 雇用 =employ sb=hire sb take in fresh air=absorb
take up 占据(时间,地方);从事于
take up space / much time take up a city攻占城市take up arms(against)拿起武器反对…,武装起来与…作对 take over接管,接替
9.turn down 拒绝;音量调低 ;向下翻;
turn out制造出,生产出,培养出;结局是,结果是;原来是 It turns out that知道是…,结果证明是 It is one's turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事
turn over a new leaf重新生活,改过自新
turn in sth to sb 上交 10.not a little=much
not a bit=not at all=not in the least---Are you hungry?
---Not a little.I could eat a horse.11.break away from(the Union)脱离(联邦)
get rid of bad habit 去掉
do away with废除
12.drop in at a place
drop in on ab
顺便拜访
13.due to=caused by
The accident was due to careless driving.owing to=because of Owing to the rain they could come.thanks to=as a result of Thanks to your help we were successful.14.feel like doing=would like to do…
15.figure out=imagine=work out
make out 辩认,拼凑
16.have a gift for=be talented at 17.in short简言之
in a word
一句话
18.knock into sb=happen to meet sb
knock sb down 撞倒
19.let out a cry of surprise= cry out 20.It is no wonder that …
There is no doubt that …
21.on show在展出
show off one new clothes 炫耀
22.out of order=in a mess / sth goes wrong
in(good)order 23.pick up sb 开车去接
pick out=choose 24.run short of
run out of=use up Our supplies have run short(不用被动语态)=We have run short of supplies.25.run for 竞选
call for=need
for a doctor=ask sb to go to fetch a doctor apply for the position
申请 run into sb=(suddenly)see sb撞上/碰到 26.set about to do sth=set out to do sth 27.burst out laughing
carry out a plan执行
The war broke out in late autumn.wear out 穿破
His shoes were worn out.28.cut down the price 削减
cut off electricity 切断
29.call off a meeting=not hold …取消
see sb off at the airport 送行 set off for the first destination 30.break in 打断/插入
be engaged in
从事 31.reply to sb=answer sb
stick to sth / to doing sth
see to sb=take care of sb take to开始, 喜欢,take to gardening when one retires
take to drinking
get down to some solid work认真开始…
object to sth/ doing …反对
32.tear up a letter 撕…
keep up one’s courage保持…
bring up a child 抚养…
break up a family
拆散…
stay up late at night=do not go to sleep until very late 33.pass away=die
die away=(sound)gradually disappear 34.cut through=take a shortcut
see through one’s trick
I couldn’t get through;the line was busy.35.in charge of负责
in the charge of,意味着在…管理下 36.add up to总计
add to=increase增加/添加
37.all at once=all of a sudden=suddenly 38.give out散发,分发,用完
give away背弃,泄露,赠送 39.keep … safe
to remain safe : remaining food(剩菜剩饭)=left over
to stay safe 40.What do you think of your new job?
How do you like your new job? How do you find your new job? 你认为你的新工作怎么样?
英语词组精选1
01.—I am sorry to have __ too much of your time.—That's OK, and I am glad to help you.A.taken up
B.taken on
C.taken off
D.taken in
02.My son John asked me to ___ him off at school on my way to work because it was raining.A.take
B.drop
C.put
D.cut
03.The young woman walking on the street looked nice, so Vince ___ her a lift.A.shared
B.took
C.gave
D.put 04.We need to ____ our active vocabulary step by step.A.grow
B.add
C.develop
D.raise
05.In the past ten years, Government has ____ the price of certain drugs for some 11 times.A.dropped
B.reduced
C.lowed
D.decreased
06.Some companies provided special benefits when employees agree to ____ a ride to work.A.share
B.take
C.carry
D.get
07.Every day we ____ more than 40 000 passengers to over 100 destinations around the world.A.carry
B.fly
C.pick up
D.bring 08.Don't forget to ____ the ice cream on the way home.A.hold up
B.come up
C.turn up
D.pick up 09.Could you please ____ one of your sandwiches for the hungry boy? A.save
B.share
C.give
D.spare 10.Children under five are not ____to this primary school except those of extraordinary intelligence.A.accepted
B.received
C.admitted
D.permitted 11.Mr.Johnson is a man of good temper, and his good temper never ____ him.A.fails
B.disappoints
C.controls
D.worries 12.In our school the women teachers ____ 56 percent of the staff.A.turn up
B.stand for
C.make up
D.send up 13.The mail was ___ for two days because of the heavy snows.A.held out
B.held up
C.held back
D.held off 14.—How did you find your sister in such a big and strange city? —I____ her in the railway station when I was just going back home.A.came about
B.came out
C.came up
D.came across 15.After a successful operation, Ronaldo has begun to do some exercise to ____ strength.A.improve
B.decrease
C.increase
D.raise 16.If you are working even harder, you ____ to be promoted to be a manager soon.A.promise
B.wish
C.turn out
D.prove 17.I have visited a lot of countries and stayed in many different five-star hotels, but none of them ____ this one.A.matches
B.beats
C.compares
D.contrast 18.—-How much is your sweater ____?
—$25.A.cost
B.paid
C.worth
D.worthy 19.Never ____my secret!
A.give up
B.give in
C.give away
D.give off 20.—Did you enjoy his speech?
—Sure, what he said really ____.A.makes sense
B.makes a difference
C.makes sure
D.makes it 21.He tried to join the Army but was ____ because of poor health.A.turned down
B.turned back
C.turned over
D.turned against 22.—Oh, my God, the room is in such a mess.—It must be caused by the cat, I'll ____ all the things _____.A.put/ out
B.put/ away
C.put/off
D.put/ through 23.The short play put on last night did ____ large audiences.A.take
B.allow
C.draw
D.admit 24.He ____ to help me with my math, but I refused his help, for I decided to do it on my own.A.prepared
B.ready
C.insisted
D.offered 25.The boy's bad behavior ____ his mother lots of sleepless nights.A.cost
B.took
C.spent
D.paid 26.We need to wear sunglasses to ____ our eyes from the sun.A.stop
B.prevent
C.save
D.protect 27.Actually, Miss Zhang is not at all serious as she _____.A.shows
B.performs
C.appears
D.behaves 28.If the children are badly ____ they behave badly.A.brought in
B.brought up
C.brought about
D.brought back 1—5 ABCDB 6—10 ABDDC
11—15ACBDC
16—20 AACCA 21—28 ABCDADCB
英语词组精选2
01.My grandfather often told me what he had ___ in the expedition.A.gone against B.gone into
C.gone through
D.gone over 02.The company ___ three factories and a coal mine.Which of the following answer can NOT be filled in the blank? A.runs
B.operates
C.manages
D.organizes
03.You can't ___ English poetry unless you understand the rhythm.A.like
B.take
C.appreciate
D.study
04.I don't remember how many strangers my mother ___food with during the Depression days.A.offered
B.provided
C.shared
D.gave
05 I called the airline to ___ my flight reservation a week before I left for Canada.A.expand
B.attach
C.confirm
D.strengthen
06.In order to write a report on stars, we decided to ___ the stars in the sky every night.A.design
B.seize
C.quote
D.observe
07.Julie wants to buy a ___ computer so that she can carry it around when she travels.A.memorable
B.portable
C.predictable
D.readable
08.My grandmother likes to surprise people.She never calls ___ to inform us of her visits.A.beforehand
B.anyhow
C.originally
D.consequently
09.Many scholars and experts from all over the world will be invited to attend this yearly ___ on drug control.A.reference B.intention
C.conference
D.interaction
10.The week-long rainfall has ___ landslides and flooding in the mountain areas.A.set about
B.brought about
C.come about
D.put about 11.The ground is slippery.Hold onto the rope and don’t ____.A.put off
B.turn up
C.let go
D.take apart 12.____ the weather, the athletic meetings will be held on time.A.Instead of
B.In relation to
C.On behalf of
D.Regardless of 13.If people keep polluting the rivers, no fish there will survive ___.A.at all cost
B.for a long while
C.in the long run
D.by no means 14.The gentleman does not ____the argument but watches the other guests.A.drop in
B.fill in
C.put in
D.join in
15.Do you mind if I ____with my work while you are getting tea ready? A.carry out
B.come on
C.carry on
D.go over
16.Old memories are often ____ when you hear a particular song or a piece of music.A.called in
B.called on
C.called out
D.called up 17.— That’s a lovely dress.— Do you think so? My aunt gave it to me for my birthday, but I don’t ____the color.A.interest in
B.care for
C.please with
D.fond of
18.The folk song concert was so well ____that all the tickets had been sold out on the first day.A.accepted
B.recognized
C.received
D.promised 19.The college is planning to offer more English courses to ____the needs of beginners of English.A.meet with
B.meet
C.supply
D.satisfy with 20.Some eighty years ago three-quarters of American production ____family farms or from business employing fewer than six people.A.made from
B.kept from C.got from
D.came from 21.The period ____dance classes increases gradually from two or three hours a day to five or six.A.referred to
B.kept to
C.got to
D.given to 22.If you do not feel well, you should not ____going to see the doctor.? A.pick out
B.give off
C.put off
D.make out 1—5 CACCC 6—10 DBACB
11—15 CDCDC
16—22 DBCBDDC
英语词组精选3 01.Teaching a pronunciation class to a mixed group of learners can ____ a teacher with many challenging problems.A.provide
B.produce
C.present
D.offer 02.We want our children to know that hard work ____.A.comes off
B.gives off
C.pays off
D.sees off 03.We can’t wait.We have to ____ the direction and the distance before we take action.A.make out
B.figure out
C.think out
D.turn out 04.It ____ to look after these naughty grandchildren of mine for a whole day.A.put me down
B.drove me out
C.wore me out D.pulled me through 05.We’ d better try to ____ the plan again, I think, before we ____ with it.A.go through/ go on
B.go on/ go over C.go over/ go through D.go on/ go through 06.The host stood at the door and ____ every guest a welcome.A.nodded
B.dropped off
C.shook
D.moved 07.No one knows when XO was first discovered, or how it ____ to be such a popular drink.A.went
B.came
C.got
D.became 08.We always ____ we have said.A.lead to what B.see to what
C.get to what D.hold to what 09.The actor was so interesting that he ____ us laughing all the time when we were chatting.A.made
B.keep
C.had
D.let
10.All of us still remember the terrible earthquake that____ Tangshan twenty years ago.A.attacked
B.struck
C.knocked
D.exploded
11.As director of the company, I can’ t ____ three weeks away from work.A.carry
B.cost
C.afford
D.pay
12.When I entered his room, I found him ____ an armchair, deep in thought.A.sitting on
B.sit in
C.seat on
D.seated in
13.The good service at the hotel ____ the poor food to some degree.A.made up for
B.saved up for
C.took the place of
D.turn out 14.His strength had almost ____ when they found him in the desert.A.given out
B.given in
C.given up
D.given off
15.It takes a long time to ____ a good fame, but this name is quickly lost but just one crime or piece of bad behavior.A.build up
B.put up
C.turn up
D.set up
16.— I’m ____ too much weight, doctor?
— I think you ought to go on a diet.A.putting on
B.getting on
C.carrying on
D.living on 17.His pale face ____ a reluctant smile when he heard the news.A.came on
B.was taken on
C.took on
D.turned into 18.Although the working mother is very busy, she still____ a lot of time to children.A.devotes
B.spends
C.offers
D.provides
1—5 DCBCA 6—10 ABDCB
11—15 CDAAA 16—18 ACA
英语词组精选4
01.The old woman at the street corner must be lost.She is looking around ____ for someone to help her.A.socially
B.accidentally
C.tremendously
D.desperately
02.A variety of preventive measures are now ____ in order to minimize the potential damage caused by the deadly disease.A.by birth
B.at will
C.in place
D.on call
03.With over fifty teams competing in the tournament, all the games will be played ____.A.eye to eye
B.head to toe
C.hand to mouth
D.back to back
04.My grandmother takes a walk at six every morning.It is one of her ____ activities.A.likely
B.routine
C.extreme
D.urgent
05.The heroic story that he had saved a boy’s life hit the ____ in the local newspapers.A.headlines
B.efforts
C.results
D.awards
06.I don't care about the good salary offered by the company.What I need is a(n)____ post.A.creating
B.awarding
C.challenging
D.competing
07.Encouraged by the coach, the basketball players went ____ to win the game.A.above all
B.all out
C.at best
D.inside out
08.Thousands of workers will be ____ if the automobile factory shuts down.A.turned down
B.put back
C.laid off
D.locked away 09.____ how much they pay, I am not interested in this kind of job.A.In spite of
B.No matter C.No sooner
D.Even though 10.The man ____ a brave face and accepted the challenge.A.took out
B.pulled up
C.shut in
D.put on
11.Julie can stay with us ____ until she finds a place of her own to settle down.A.at the same time B.ahead of time
C.for the time being
D.in good time
12.The postal special ____ service is very efficient.A package sent can be received in a couple of hours.A.delivery
B.directory
C.discovery
D.dormitory 13.____ to what you think, our TV program has been enjoyed by a large audience.A.Intensive
B.Contrary
C.Fortunate
D.Objective 14.There is a _____ to one’s capacity;one should not make oneself overtired.A.relaxation
B.contribution
C.hesitation
D.limitation 15.This story, ____ , is very fascinating: there are many interesting characters in it.A.on the whole
B.under no circumstances
C.in no time D.out of the question 16.Most of our classmates are ____ taking a trip to Kenting National Park.A.in honor of B.in favor of
C.in search of
D.in place of 17.We haven’t seen John for a long time.As a matter of fact, we have ____ him.A.made up for
B.run out of C.come to pass
D.lost track of 18.Recently in Taiwan, the manufacturing industry has ____ the information industry.A.found a way of
B.changed the way of C.given way to
D.had a way of 19.His behavior at the party last night seemed rather ____.Many of us were quite surprised.A.out of practice
B.out of place
C.out of politeness
D.out of pity 20.Do you have any _____ of what life would be like if we lived on other planets? A.plan
B.idea
C.impression
D.imagination 1—5 DCDBA
6—10 CBCBC
11—15 CABDA
16—20 BDCBB
第二篇:2012届高考英语 考前冲刺易混词组
亿库教育网
http://www.xiexiebang.com 2012届高考英语考前冲刺易混词组
1..add to增添 增加,add···to往„添加,add up合计 加起来,add up to总共有 总计达;add后面跟直接引语或that从句时,表示“补充说”
2.aloud“出声的”使声音能够听到,与read call cry等连用;loud“大声地”常与动词talk speak shout laugh等连用;loudly“高声地”有时可与loud换用,但更多地含有“喧闹”的意味
3.alone“单独”指只有一个人的状态,与心情无关;不用于名词之前;作“只有”讲时置于名词之前;lonely指“内心孤独”与感情有关;还可以修饰地点,表示“偏僻的”如:a lonely village一个偏僻的山村
4.as far as I know == as far as I am concerned就我所知,as long as和„一样长;只要
5.attend“到场 出席 参加”会议 婚礼 典礼 上学(课)听报告;attend to处理 专心于attend school(class)上学(课),I have some urgent business to attend to.我有一些急事要处理。
6.assist sb with sth,assist sb to do sth/in doing sth帮助„做„
7.全神贯注„be absorbed in,put oneˊs heart into;fix sth on upon sb全神贯注于,凝视
8.appeal to sb to do sth呼吁某人做某事,appeal against 上诉,The government is appealing to everyone to save water.9.aim(sth)at 把„瞄准,目的在于;aim to do sth旨在做某事 10..above all 首先 尤其 最重要的是„in all总计 总共 11..break down 毁坏 分解 出故障,break off 打断 停顿,break in/into破灭而入,break out(战争等)爆发,break away(from)同„..决裂(脱离关系),break through突破(重围)
12.burst into+名词,突然发生,burst out+V.ing,都有“突然进入某种状态或发生某种情况”
13.bring up抚养·培养·提出;bring in 引进 盈利; bring about 导致· 引起;bring out 拿出·取出·出版·揭露 14..come across 偶然遇见,被理解,come up with赶上,想出,come over从远处来,come through 康复· 经历„„之后仍然活着,come to oneself 恢复知觉 活跃起来,come into being形成,come to light显露,为人所知
15,charge sb some money for sth就„.向某人索要费用,charge sb with sth 控告某人犯„.罪,accuse sb of sth指责.,控诉某人某事,charge sb to do命令某人做某事,be charged with充满„,take charge of 负责 掌管,take the charge of由„.负责,in the charge of+人,由„.负责in charge of+物,公司等,主管,负责
16.be content to do sth=be ready/ willing to do sth愿意(乐意)做„;be content/ pleased / satisfied with sth对„满意
17,cut off 切断,阻碍,堵塞,cut up 切碎,摧毁,cut down 砍倒,减少,cut out删除,cut through抄近路,18.be curious about对„感到好奇,be curious to do渴望做„ 19.confuse...A and/ with B混淆AB.be/get confused感到困惑
20.come about“发生,产生”用于疑问句和否定句,与疑问词how连用 21.compare„A with B 把A与B比较(同类比较),compare A to B把A比作B(比喻),亿库教育网
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http://www.xiexiebang.com compared to/with 与„.比起来,作状语,位于句首,句末 22..call for需要·需求,call at 拜访(某地)·(火车等)停靠,call on/upon sb拜访某人,看望,call sb up打电话·使想起,call off取消·停止进行
23..choose to do,choose from从..中选择,There are four answers to choose from.24,in good condition情况良好 in /out of condition健康良好(不佳);condition“环境 形势”用复数形式 23.dozen前有数词或a few,several,many等词修饰时,用单数。后面接名词时of可用可不用;接代词时of不能省略;dozens of “许多”by the dozen论打,by weight按重量 25,.die out 灭绝 消失 熄灭,die away(声音 光线 风等)逐渐变弱,die down(火等)渐熄·(闹声等)渐消失,die of内在的原因死亡,die from外在的原因死亡
26,do honour to sb=do sb honour对某人敬意,in honour of纪念„..,向„表敬意 27,separate„from 将„.与„分开(将靠近的人物分开,强调个体的隔离),divide„.into分开 分离(把人物分成若干份),separate还有“单独的,分开的” 28.be eager for渴望得到某物,be eager to do急于做某事 29.experience:“(一次)经历 体验 ”是可数名词,“经验”不可数名词experienced“有经验的” experienced in/at “在„.方面有经验”She has years of experience in teaching./She is experienced in/at looking after children 30.every +基数词+复数名词,every+序数词+单数名词;every other day=every second day=every two days每两天,每隔一天
31.put an end to;bring„to an end;come to an end 结束,完成
32,be/get engaged to sb与„订婚,be/get engaged in sth忙于做某事,从事于某事,engage还有“雇用”的意思,He engaged my sister as his secretay.42,inform sb of /about sth , 33.feed„on/to 用„喂养 把„喂给
34.forbid doing禁止做某事,forbid sb to do sth禁止某人做某事 35,find fault with找„的毛病,对„抱怨
36,be fit for sb/ sth适合某人某物,be fit to do适合干某事keep fit 保存健康;fit作动词时表示衣服的尺寸大小适合某人fit sb;suit指颜色,质地,款式上合适;match指样式,风格,品质等的匹配一致 37,get through接通(电话),完成(工作),抵达,通过(考试),get about/ around走动,(消息等)传开,get along 相处,(事情等)进展,get behind 落后,get down降下,写下,get down to 着手做某事,get over 越过,克服(困难等),get rid of 摆脱,除去
38,go against违背(反),不利 go in for 从事,参加,go ahead 进步·前进·请吧·继续下去,go through经过·经历·调查,go down下降·平静下来,go by 走过·时间流逝,go for适用于
39,give in屈服·让步·投降,give away 暴露·泄密·赠送,give off 放出(烟,气味等),give out耗尽 ·公布give up 放弃·戒掉·认输
40.at hand近在手边·在附近·即将来到的,by hand 用手·手工
41,hold up举起,堵塞hold back 缩回,制止hold on to 抓住,固守 42.be informed of “通知某人做某事’,inform sb +从句,43.knock about接连打击·冲击·漫游,knock down打倒·击倒·撞倒,knock off(拳击)击倒
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http://www.xiexiebang.com 44,living作表语 定语 与“死的”’相对。Living things 表示:生物,alive作表语 补语,作定语时需要放在被修饰的词的后面,live活的,只作定语,修饰动物,如a live mouse ;live by靠„为主,live„on以„为主食,靠„.生活;live through经历过,经过„之后还活着;live up to遵守,不辜负
45.lie—lied—lied—lying撒谎,lie—lay—lain—lying躺,位于lie—laid—laid---laying放置,产卵,下蛋
46.light有两种过去式 过去分词形式(lit lit;lighted lighted)做定语只能用lighted,不用lit;如;They lit a candle and the lighted candle lighted the room.47.leave behind 忘了带;留下,I've left my pen behind.我忘了带笔。Leave for到某地去leave „alone不干涉·不理,leave„out忽略·遗漏,let „down不支持,使失望 48,must + do 对现在情况的推测,must +have done对过去情况的推测,must +be doing对正在发生的动作或将要发生的动作的推测;否定的推测只能用can‘t,不能用must‘t 49.make up化妆·整理·收拾,make up for补偿·偿还·弥补,make for 移向,走向,make out了解·理解·辨认,make progress取得进步,make room for为„腾出空间,make up one′s mind下决心,make sence有意义,讲的通,make sence of弄懂„的意思,50·mean to do打算做某事,mean doing sth 意味着做某事,mean sb to do sth打算让某人做某事,mean to have done(过去)本来打算做某事(实际上没做成),mean还有“吝啬的,卑鄙的,自私的”
51.by means of 用,依靠,by all means可以·没有问题·务必,by no means绝不 一点也不(句首时,句子用倒装语序)
the number of 作主语谓语用复数“„.的数量”,a number of 作主语谓语用单数“许多,若干”
53.offer to do sth提出做某事.offer sth to sb(offer sb sth),provide sth for sb,supply sb with sth向某人提供某物 54,present 作adj用,“目前的,现在的”,作前置定语,如,present situations 目前的形势;“出席的,到场的”the guests present到场的客人;be present at the party 55,prove“证明,结果是”是link verb;What he said proved true/ a lie,56,pick up 拾起·让乘客上车·偶然学会语言 pick out 挑选·分辨出·认出 ·理解 57,in possession of占有 控制,in the possession of由„.所有(控制)58.pull out of从„中退出,pull out(车辆 船 火车等)驶出(车站),拔掉,拉掉,pull apart扯断,拆开,pull down拆除,摧毁.put out出版 生产.关掉 59.result in造成„结果,引起,result from因„引起,起因于 60.rob sb of sth抢劫某人某物,steal sth from sb偷窃„.61.at the rate of 4 kilometers an hour 以每小时4公里的速度 62.risk +n 或doing sth,at the risk of冒着„的风险 63.stick to坚持,stick out突出·伸出,be /get stuck(in)陷入困难spare no effort不遗余力
64,set about doing sth开始做,着手做,set out to do sth 开始做某事,set down 放下,记下,set up树立,开办,建立,set off开始,发射,set back将„往后移,拨回,阻止
65,scenery不可数名词,指天然景色,景致,景物,是由多个scene构成的景色。Scene指“景色,风景”,指所见之物。也可以表示“现场,场景”.view可数名词,意为“景色,风景,风景(照,画)”。常指在远处或高处以人的角度看到远景,着重能看到的部分。Sight可数名词,“视力,看见”,作“风景,名胜”常用复数形式。指某一地区值得观看,游览的,亿库教育网
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66,common sense 常识,make sense有道理,讲得通,make sense of sth 理解 弄懂(不容易理解的事物),there is no sense(in)doing sth做某事没有意义
67,suffer的宾语通常是pain loss punishment wrong 等;suffer from“因„.而遭罪,患„病”表示遭受战争﹑自然带来的苦难及患病灾害
68(1)Failure is the mother of success失败是成功之母。success 表示抽象意义的“成功”,是不可数的;表示具体意义的“成功的人或事”, 则是可数的。比较Big sucess does not usually occur early.(大器晚成),His new book was a great success.(他新出版的书获得了巨大成功)。(2)表示成功地做某事,be successful 后不能接不定式,而是接 in doing sth,又如:They were successful in launching a communication satellite.(他们成功地发射了一颗通讯卫 星)。(3)succeed 表示“成功”,是不及物动词,因此不能用于被动语态。
他终于把那个问题解决了。At last he succeeded in solving the problem.析:表示做某事做成功了,succeed 后通常不接不定式,而接 in doing sth。又如:He succeeded in getting the job.(他谋到了那份工作),She succeeded in(passing)the exam.(她考试及格了)。69,turn out结果是,证明是,原来是,生产,制造
more than多于,不仅仅,超过 not more than,不超过,至多,no more than 仅仅,只有,less than少于; 71.take off 成功·起飞·休假·脱下(衣帽等)·打折,take in 欺骗·接受,take over 接收·接管·把„从一地带到另一地,take up 拿起·占据·占用,take on 呈现,take the place of 代替
tear sth“把„撕破,撕开,撕掉”强调结果,tear at sth “撕扯„..”强调动作 73 come to term with甘愿忍受;妥协make terms(with sb)(与某人)达成协议in terms of谈及·就„而言
74.Witness to„ 为„作证,说明,to为介词,后接n或V.ing 75,on purpose故意地 ·by chance偶然地 ·take a chance冒险 76.especially 强调个别超过其他部分;specially强调专门的特别的为某个目的而专门地做某事;particularly强调以不同寻常的方式突出某一事物的个性或独特之处,如:I like all sports,but I am especially interested in football。I came here specially to ask you a question.。These books will be particularly helpful to those who wish to improve their English。be particular about 讲究,对„.挑剔 77,修饰不可数名词a great deal of,large amounts of,a large amount of,(a)little,much; 修饰可数名词a large/great/small number of, a great many,many,few,quite a few ;修饰可数名词和修饰不可数名词的有lots of,plenty(of),a(large)quantity of /;(large)quantities of作主语时谓语动词用复数形式
78.当询问距离是多少时,要用what提问。distance的修饰语常用some great long short等,而不用far.near 等;还可以用how far 对距离提问。How far is it from A to B?what is the distance from A to B?
79.one和those 用于泛指可数名词的单数和复数,the one特指单数可数名词,the ones是复数名词的特指,而that用于特指单数可数名词和不可数名词。80.大部分adj加ly可以构成副词。但是friendly deadly lovely lonely likely lively ugly brotherly motherly worldly等仍为adj。如;Her singing was lovely./He spoke to me in a very friendly way.二.交际用语
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http://www.xiexiebang.com 1.You will make it.你会达成目标的。2.Not particular.不是特别亲密的。3.It′s up to you,由你决定。4.It(That)depends.视情况而定。5,对于对方的道歉可以用It doesn′t matter.That′s all right.Forget it.6.guess what?你猜怎么着?7 It's my/a pleasure.和My pleasure.是回答别人说“谢谢”时使用,有“不用谢(这是我的荣幸)”的意思。而With pleasure.是用于别人问你“能给我给帮助吗?(Couldyou help me„)”有“乐意帮你”的意思。8.sounds good.==It(That).sounds good听起来不错(对别人的建议进行评价)。9.What is up?出什么事了?10.Got it明白了。懂了。11.Not exactly.不算准确。12.I could not agree more.我非常同意。13.I will give you a lift.让我送你一程。14.关于口语中Do you mind和Would you mind的回答?可以(同意)的回答:ok..sure,/ no problem./ Oh,no。please/.No,not at all./ Of course not./.No,go ahead.不可以(介意)的回答: Sorry, I can't.My hands are full/ Please don′t„„because„.../Better not,please./ I'd rather you didn't./I am sorry,but„„ 2.Would you mind me sitting here? 不介意(同意)的回答: Not at all/.No, I don't.Of course not.I don't mind.介意的回答: sorry, this seat is taken.15.Take it easy别紧张16·Take your time别忙,慢慢来17·Thank you anyway无论如何还是要感谢你。(当别人尽力要帮助你却没有帮成时)18.It is a deal.一言为定.。就这么定了。19.That is something.太好了,太棒了。20·.Go ahead 去吧,干吧21·Never mind没有关系,不要紧。22.I had a sound sleep我睡得很好。Sound“(身体)健康的,(睡眠等)充分的”23·Forget it/It does not matter./That is all right.对于对方的道歉的用语。“算了吧,没有事。”24.Guess what?为向别人报告一件不寻常的事情时的用语,意为“你猜是什么事?你猜怎么着?
三.高考阅读题理解高频难词
(熟读这些词,只需要做到形意相连就可以)
Abstract摘要 抽象的 academic 学术的 acquire 获得 取得 accomplish 完成 aptitude才能 资质 approach 途径 方法 靠近appropriate适当的 associate联合 联系 alternative二者择其一 awkward 笨拙的 attendance 出席 appetite爱好 食欲 胃口adapt 使„..适应 charming迷人的 career生涯 职业 comply 答应 遵从 complex 复杂的 confuse使困惑 coincide与„..一致,符合 campus(大学)校园 community社区 团体construct构建 建设 ceremony仪式 典礼 criticize 批评 评论 courteous有礼貌的deserved理所当然的 应得的decline下降 衰退 default默认值 假设值 deliberate仔细思考的 深思熟虑的 distinction差别 不同 divine 神圣的 definition 定义 defend 防卫 distinguish区别 辨别 evaluate 评估 评价eventually最终 empirical 经验主义的 executive行政的 ethnic民族的 种族的 elegant 优雅的 evoke唤起 引起 essence 本质 精髓 enterprise企业家entrepreneur企业 inancial财政的 fabulous传说中的 难以置信的factor因素 gallery 美术馆 infect传染 感染 indicate指示 表明 显示 involve包含 使陷入 individual个人的 literature文学 文献 misuse误用mortgage 抵押 maintain维持 保持 坚持 overcome克服 occupant占有者 居住者 psychological心理学的priority优先权 phenomenon现象 promote促进 提升 促销 perceive感知 察觉 理解 resources资源 reservation预定 representative代表routine 常规的 例行的 rival对手 竞争者 rob 抢 shortage缺乏 summarize总结
sufficient足够的 substance物质 sacrifice牺牲 sympathy同情 transition过渡 转变 trai特征 特点 underline在„下划线unofficial非官方的 workload工作量 visual视觉的
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第三篇:2013届高考英语 考前冲刺易混词组
2012届高考英语考前冲刺易混词组
1..addto增添 增加,add···to往„添加,addup合计 加起来,add up to总共有 总计达;add后面跟直接引语或that从句时,表示“补充说”
2.aloud“出声的”使声音能够听到,与readcallcry等连用;loud“大声地”常与动词talk speak shout laugh等连用;loudly“高声地”有时可与loud换用,但更多地含有“喧闹”的意味
3.alone“单独”指只有一个人的状态,与心情无关;不用于名词之前;作“只有”讲时置于名词之前;lonely指“内心孤独”与感情有关;还可以修饰地点,表示“偏僻的”如:a lonely village一个偏僻的山村
4.as far as I know == as far as I am concerned就我所知,as long as和„一样长;只要
5.attend“到场 出席 参加”会议 婚礼 典礼 上学(课)听报告;attendto处理 专心于attend school(class)上学(课),Ihavesomeurgentbusinesstoattendto.我有一些急事要处理。
6.assist sb with sth,assist sb to do sth/in doing sth帮助„做„
7.全神贯注„be absorbed in,put oneˊs heart into;fix sth on upon sb全神贯注于,凝视
8.appeal to sb to do sth呼吁某人做某事,appeal against 上诉,The government is appealing to everyone to save water.9.aim(sth)at 把„瞄准,目的在于;aim to do sth旨在做某事
10..aboveall 首先 尤其 最重要的是„inall总计 总共
11..break down 毁坏 分解 出故障,break off打断 停顿,break in/into破灭而入,break out(战争等)爆发,break away(from)同„..决裂(脱离关系),breakthrough突破(重围)
12.burst into+名词,突然发生,burst out+V.ing,都有“突然进入某种状态或发生某种情况”
13.bring up抚养·培养·提出;bring in 引进 盈利; bring about 导致· 引起;bring out 拿出·取出·出版·揭露
14..come across 偶然遇见,被理解,come up with赶上,想出,come over从远处来,come through 康复· 经历„„之后仍然活着,come to oneself 恢复知觉 活跃起来,come into being形成,come to light显露,为人所知
15,charge sb some money for sth就„.向某人索要费用,chargesb with sth 控告某人犯„.罪,accuse sb of sth指责.,控诉某人某事,charge sb to do命令某人做某事,bechargedwith充满„,takecharge of 负责 掌管,take the charge of由„.负责,inthe charge of+人,由„.负责incharge of+物,公司等,主管,负责
16.becontent to do sth=be ready/ willing to do sth愿意(乐意)做„;becontent/ pleased / satisfied with sth对„满意
17,cutoff 切断,阻碍,堵塞,cut up 切碎,摧毁,cutdown 砍倒,减少,cutout删除,cutthrough抄近路,18.be curious about对„感到好奇,be curious to do渴望做„
19.confuse...A and/ with B混淆AB.be/get confused感到困惑
20.comeabout“发生,产生”用于疑问句和否定句,与疑问词how连用
21.compare„AwithB 把A与B比较(同类比较),compare A to B把A比作B(比喻),用心 爱心 专心-1-
comparedto/with与„.比起来,作状语,位于句首,句末
22..call for需要·需求,call at 拜访(某地)·(火车等)停靠,call on/upon sb拜访
某人,看望,call sb up打电话·使想起,call off取消·停止进行
23..chooseto do,choosefrom从..中选择,Therearefouranswersto choose
from.24,in goodcondition情况良好 in /out of condition健康良好(不佳);condition“环
境 形势”用复数形式
23.dozen前有数词或a few,several,many等词修饰时,用单数。后面接名词时of可用可
不用;接代词时of不能省略;dozens of “许多”by the dozen论打,by weight按重量
25,.die out 灭绝 消失 熄灭,die away(声音 光线 风等)逐渐变弱,die down(火
等)渐熄·(闹声等)渐消失,die of内在的原因死亡,die from外在的原因死亡
26,do honour to sb=do sb honour对某人敬意,in honour of纪念„..,向„表敬意
27,separate„from 将„.与„分开(将靠近的人物分开,强调个体的隔离),divide„.into
分开 分离(把人物分成若干份),separate还有“单独的,分开的”
28.be eager for渴望得到某物,be eager to do急于做某事
29.experience:“(一次)经历 体验 ”是可数名词,“经验”不可数名词experienced“有经
验的” experienced in/at “在„.方面有经验”She has years of experience in
teaching./Sheisexperiencedin/atlookingafter children
30.every +基数词+复数名词,every+序数词+单数名词;every other day=every second day
=everytwodays每两天,每隔一天
31.put an end to;bring„to an end;come to an end 结束,完成32,be/getengagedto sb与„订婚,be/getengaged in sth忙于做某事,从事于某事,engage还有“雇用”的意思,He engaged mysister as his secretay.42,informsb of /about
sth,33.feed„on/to 用„喂养把„喂给
34.forbid doing禁止做某事,forbid sb to do sth禁止某人做某事
35,find fault with找„的毛病,对„抱怨
36,be fit for sb/ sth适合某人某物,be fit to do适合干某事keep fit 保存健康;fit
作动词时表示衣服的尺寸大小适合某人fit sb;suit指颜色,质地,款式上合适;match指样
式,风格,品质等的匹配一致
37,getthrough接通(电话),完成(工作),抵达,通过(考试),getabout/ around
走动,(消息等)传开,get along 相处,(事情等)进展,get behind 落后,getdown降
下,写下,getdown to 着手做某事,getover 越过,克服(困难等),getridof摆
脱,除去
38,go against违背(反),不利 go in for 从事,参加,go ahead 进步·前进·请吧·继
续下去,go through经过·经历·调查,go down下降·平静下来,go by 走过·时间流逝,go for适用于
39,give in屈服·让步·投降,give away 暴露·泄密·赠送,give off 放出(烟,气味
等),give out耗尽 ·公布give up 放弃·戒掉·认输
40.at hand近在手边·在附近·即将来到的,by hand 用手·手工
41,hold up举起,堵塞holdback 缩回,制止holdonto抓住,固守
42.be informedof“通知某人做某事’,informsb +从句,43.knock about接连打击·冲击·漫游,knock down打倒·击倒·撞倒,knock off(拳击)
击倒
44,living作表语 定语 与“死的”’相对。Livingthings 表示:生物,alive作表语 补
语,作定语时需要放在被修饰的词的后面,live活的,只作定语,修饰动物,如a live mouse ;
live by靠„为主,live„on以„为主食,靠„.生活;live through经历过,经过„之后还
活着;live up to遵守,不辜负
45.lie—lied—lied—lying撒谎,lie—lay—lain—lying躺,位于lie—laid—
laid---laying放置,产卵,下蛋
46.light有两种过去式 过去分词形式(lit lit;lighted lighted)做定语只能用lighted,不用lit;如;They lit a candle and the lighted candle lightedthe room.47.leave behind 忘了带;留下,I've left my pen behind.我忘了带笔。Leave for到某地
去leave „alone不干涉·不理,leave„out忽略·遗漏,let „down不支持,使失望
48,must+ do 对现在情况的推测,must +have done对过去情况的推测,must +bedoing
对正在发生的动作或将要发生的动作的推测;否定的推测只能用can‘t,不能用must‘t
49.make up化妆·整理·收拾,make up for补偿·偿还·弥补,make for 移向,走向,make
out了解·理解·辨认,make progress取得进步,make room for为„腾出空间,make up one′
s mind下决心,make sence有意义,讲的通,make sence of弄懂„的意思,50·mean to do打算做某事,mean doing sth 意味着做某事,mean sb to do sth打算让某
人做某事,mean to have done(过去)本来打算做某事(实际上没做成),mean还有“吝啬的,卑鄙的,自私的”
51.by means of 用,依靠,byallmeans可以·没有问题·务必,bynomeans绝不
一点也不(句首时,句子用倒装语序)
the number of 作主语谓语用复数“„.的数量”,a number of 作主语谓语用单数“许多,若干”
53.offer to do sth提出做某事.offer sth to sb(offer sb sth),provide sth for sb,supply sb with sth向某人提供某物
54,present 作adj用,“目前的,现在的”,作前置定语,如,present situations 目前的形势;“出席的,到场的”the guests present到场的客人;be present at the party
55,prove“证明,结果是”是link verb;What he saidprovedtrue/ a lie,56,pick up 拾起·让乘客上车·偶然学会语言pick out 挑选·分辨出·认出 ·理解
57,inpossession of占有 控制,inthepossession of由„.所有(控制)
58.pull out of从„中退出,pull out(车辆 船 火车等)驶出(车站),拔掉,拉掉,pull
apart扯断,拆开,pull down拆除,摧毁.put out出版 生产.关掉
59.result in造成„结果,引起,result from因„引起,起因于
60.rob sb of sth抢劫某人某物,steal sth from sb偷窃„.61.atthe rate of4 kilometers an hour以每小时4公里的速度
62.risk +n 或doing sth,at the risk of冒着„的风险
63.stick to坚持,stick out突出·伸出,be /get stuck(in)陷入困难spare no effort
不遗余力
64,set about doing sth开始做,着手做,setout to do sth 开始做某事,set down 放
下,记下,set up树立,开办,建立,set off开始,发射,set back将„往后移,拨回,阻止
65,scenery不可数名词,指天然景色,景致,景物,是由多个scene构成的景色。Scene指
“景色,风景”,指所见之物。也可以表示“现场,场景”.view可数名词,意为“景色,风
景,风景(照,画)”。常指在远处或高处以人的角度看到远景,着重能看到的部分。Sight可
数名词,“视力,看见”,作“风景,名胜”常用复数形式。指某一地区值得观看,游览的,具有特色的建筑物,风景,名胜。
66,common sense 常识,make sense有道理,讲得通,make sense of sth 理解 弄懂(不
容易理解的事物),there is no sense(in)doingsth做某事没有意义
67,suffer的宾语通常是pain loss punishment wrong 等;suffer from“因„.而遭罪,患„病”表示遭受战争﹑自然带来的苦难及患病灾害
68(1)Failure is the mother of success失败是成功之母。success 表示抽象意义的“成功”,是不可数的;表示具体意义的“成功的人或事”, 则是可数的。比较Big sucess does not
usually occur early.(大器晚成),His new book was a great success.(他新出版的书获
得了巨大成功)。(2)表示成功地做某事,be successful 后不能接不定式,而是接 in doing
sth,又如:They were successful in launching a communication satellite.(他们成功
地发射了一颗通讯卫 星)。(3)succeed 表示“成功”,是不及物动词,因此不能用于被动语
态。
他终于把那个问题解决了。At last he succeeded in solving the problem.析:表示做某
事做成功了,succeed 后通常不接不定式,而接 in doing sth。又如:He succeeded in getting
the job.(他谋到了那份工作),She succeeded in(passing)the exam.(她考试及格了)。
69,turn out结果是,证明是,原来是,生产,制造
more than多于,不仅仅,超过 not more than,不超过,至多,no more than 仅仅,只有,lessthan少于;
71.take off 成功·起飞·休假·脱下(衣帽等)·打折,takein 欺骗·接受,take over
接收·接管·把„从一地带到另一地,takeup 拿起·占据·占用,take on 呈现,take the
place of 代替
tear sth“把„撕破,撕开,撕掉”强调结果,tear at sth “撕扯„..”强调动作
come to term with甘愿忍受;妥协make terms(with sb)(与某人)达成协议in terms
of谈及·就„而言
74.Witness to„ 为„作证,说明,to为介词,后接n或V.ing
75,on purpose故意地 ·by chance偶然地·take a chance冒险
76.especially 强调个别超过其他部分;specially强调专门的特别的为某个目的而专门地做
某事;particularly强调以不同寻常的方式突出某一事物的个性或独特之处,如:Ilike all
sports,but I am especially interested in football。I came here specially to ask you
a question.。These books will be particularly helpful to those who wish to improve
their English。be particular about 讲究,对„.挑剔
77,修饰不可数名词a great deal of,large amounts of,a large amount of,(a)little,much; 修饰可数名词a large/great/small numberof,agreat many,many,few,quite a few ;修饰可数名词和修饰不可数名词的有lots of,plenty(of),a(large)
quantity of /;(large)quantities of作主语时谓语动词用复数形式
78.当询问距离是多少时,要用what提问。distance的修饰语常用some great long short
等,而不用far.near 等;还可以用how far 对距离提问。How far is it from A to B?what
is the distance fromA to B?
79.one和those 用于泛指可数名词的单数和复数,the one特指单数可数名词,the ones是
复数名词的特指,而that用于特指单数可数名词和不可数名词。
80.大部分adj加ly可以构成副词。但是friendly deadly lovely lonely likely livelyugly
brotherlymotherly worldly等仍为adj。如;Her singing was lovely./He spoke to me
in a very friendly way.二.交际用语
1.You will make it.你会达成目标的。2.Not particular.不是特别亲密的。3.It′s up to
you,由你决定。4.It(That)depends.视情况而定。5,对于对方的道歉可以用It doesn′
t matter.That′s all right.Forget it.6.guess what?你猜怎么着?7 It'smy/a
pleasure.和My pleasure.是回答别人说“谢谢”时使用,有“不用谢(这是我的荣幸)”的意思。而With pleasure.是用于别人问你“能给我给帮助吗?(Couldyou help me„)”有
“乐意帮你”的意思。8.sounds good.==It(That).sounds good听起来不错(对别人的建
议进行评价)。9.What is up?出什么事了?10.Got it明白了。懂了。11.Not exactly.不算
准确。12.I could not agree more.我非常同意。13.I will give you a lift.让我送你一
程。14.关于口语中Do you mind和Would you mind的回答?可以(同意)的回答:ok..sure,/
no problem./ Oh,no。please/.No,not at all./ Ofcoursenot./.No,go ahead.不
可以(介意)的回答: Sorry, I can't.My hands are full/Please don′
t„„because„.../Better not,please./ I'dratheryoudidn't./I am sorry,but„„
2.Would you mind me sitting here? 不介意(同意)的回答: Not at all/.No, I don't.Of course not.I don't mind.介意的回答: sorry, this seat is taken.15.Take it easy
别紧张16·Take your time别忙,慢慢来17·Thank you anyway无论如何还是要感谢你。
(当别人尽力要帮助你却没有帮成时)18.It is a deal.一言为定.。就这么定了。19.That
is something.太好了,太棒了。20·.Go ahead 去吧,干吧21·Never mind没有关系,不
要紧。22.I had a sound sleep我睡得很好。Sound“(身体)健康的,(睡眠等)充分的”23·Forget
it/It does not matter./That is all right.对于对方的道歉的用语。“算了吧,没有事。”
24.Guess what?为向别人报告一件不寻常的事情时的用语,意为“你猜是什么事?你猜怎么
着?
三.高考阅读题理解高频难词
(熟读这些词,只需要做到形意相连就可以)
Abstract摘要 抽象的academic 学术的acquire 获得 取得accomplish 完成aptitude才能 资质approach 途径 方法 靠近appropriate适当的associate联合 联
系 alternative二者择其一 awkward 笨拙的attendance 出席appetite爱好 食欲
胃口adapt 使„..适应charming迷人的career生涯 职业comply 答应 遵从
complex 复杂的confuse使困惑coincide与„..一致,符合campus(大学)校
园 community社区 团体construct构建 建设 ceremony仪式 典礼 criticize 批评 评论
courteous有礼貌的deserved理所当然的 应得的decline下降 衰退default默认值假
设值 deliberate仔细思考的 深思熟虑的distinction差别 不同divine 神圣的definition 定义defend 防卫distinguish区别 辨别evaluate 评估 评价
eventually最终empirical 经验主义的executive行政的ethnic民族的 种族的elegant 优雅的evoke唤起 引起essence 本质 精髓enterprise企业家
entrepreneur企业inancial财政的fabulous传说中的 难以置信的factor因素
gallery 美术馆infect传染 感染indicate指示 表明 显示 involve包含 使陷
入 individual个人的literature文学 文献misuse误用mortgage抵押
maintain维持 保持 坚持overcome克服occupant占有者 居住者
psychological心理学的priority优先权phenomenon现象promote促进 提升 促销
perceive感知 察觉 理解resources资源reservation预定representative代表routine 常规的 例行的rival对手 竞争者rob 抢shortage缺乏 summarize总结sufficient足够的substance物质sacrifice牺牲 sympathy同情transition过渡 转变trai特征 特点underline在„下划线unofficial非官方的workload工作量visual视觉的volatile反复无常的 挥发性的
第四篇:高考英语易错动词总结
高考英语易错动词总结、适合高中生学习、复习及备考,请同学们转载收藏。同时奇速英语提醒大家好的资料请与同学共享!
第一组:
spend/ take /cost
①spend的主语通常是“人”,即“某人在─花多少时间或金钱。” 例句:
1)The boy spends a lot of money.(in)playing computer games.(那个男孩花了很多钱玩电子游戏。)
2)She spent lots of money on books last year.(去年她花费很多钱在书本上。)②take前常以it作形式主语,作“做某事需要花多少时间。” It takes +(人)+时间+ to do sth.1)How long does it take you to finish the work?(你需要多少时间才能完成那工作?)
2)It took me an hour to repair my bike.(我花了一个小时修理自行车。)
3)It takes a lot of courage to tell the truth.(说真话需要很大的勇气。)
③cost的主语通常是事物,即指 ①某物值多少钱②需要多少时间③某人花了多少钱④使(某人)(丧失)(事/物)+cost+(人)+时间/金钱 1)The watch cost me two hundred yuan.(这块手表花了我200块钱。)2)Writing a novel cost plenty of time.(写本小说要花很多时间。)
3)The girl's bad behavior cost her parents many sleepless nights.(那个女孩的不良行为使得她的父母许多夜晚睡不着。)注意:cost的过去式,过去分词都是cost。
第二组:
speak/say/tell/talk
①speak说某种语言,说某人好、坏话是及物动词;发表讲话,对某人说话,是不及物动词。
1)The students speak English very fluently.(这些学生英语说得非常流利。)2)The Prime Minister spoke on the international situation.(首相就国际形势发表了演说。)
3)She always speaks ill of others.(她总是说别人的坏话。)②speak的习惯用语:
Generally speaking 一般而言 Frankly speaking 坦白地说 Strictly speaking 严格地说
not to speak of 且不说;更不用说
1)Generally speaking, man is stronger than woman.(一般而言,男人比女人强壮。)
2)We can speak English, not to speak of Chinese.(我们会读英语,汉语更不用说了。)
③ ①tell说谎;讲故事;说实话 1)Don't tell a lie.(不要说谎。)
2)She likes to tell stories.(她喜欢讲故事。)
3)We should always tell the truth.(我们应该永远说实话。)
③ ②tell辨别;叫某人做某事;接“间接”与“直接”宾语;tell+宾语+that从句 1)Sometimes we can't tell right from wrong.(有时我们无法辨别是非。)④talk连续地说话;习惯用法
1)What are the girls talking about ?(那些女孩们讲什么?)2)Young people like to talk politics.(年青人喜欢谈论政治。)3)I talked over the matter with her.(我与她谈论了那个问题。)
④say说出某句话或某件事;后接从句,(但say与从句之间不能直接接人称代词或名词);说明时间;书信、布告报纸上的“说”,习惯用法
1)She said ,“I love you.”(她说:“我爱你。”)2)Say goodbye to them.(跟他们说再见。)3)She says she is busy.(她说她很忙。)
4)My watch says 10:00 sharp.(我的表是十点整。)
5)The paper says that there was a big fire in Shanghai.(报上说上海发生了一场大火)。
6)It is said that she has been away for a month.(据说她已走了一个月了)7)It goes without saying that education is important.(不用说,教育是重要的。)
8)Tom is a good student, that is to say, he gets good grades in school.(Tom是个好学生,也就是说,他在学校的成绩很好。)
第三组:
take /bring/carry/fetch
①take作“带去”“拿去”解;从近处把东西送到远处 例句: 1)She'll take her children to the park.(她要带孩子去公园。)
2)It's raining, you'd better take an umbrella with you.(下雨了;你最好把雨伞带上。)
②bring“拿来;带来”;从远处把东西拿到近外 1)Bring the dictionary to me.(把字典拿给我。)
2)Please bring your report with you when you come tomorrow.(明天你来的时候,请把你的报告带来。)③carry作“携带,带去;搬运”解
1)She always carries a red handbag.(她总是带一个红色手包。)2)Please carry this TV set upstairs.(请把这台电视搬到楼上去。)④fetch作“去…取来,拿来;叫某人来”解
1)The football is over there.Fetch it please.(足球在那边呢,请把它拿回来。)2)Fetch the police at once.We've found the robber.(马上去叫警察来,我们已经发现那个抢劫的人。)
第四组:
wear/put on/ dress
①wear穿着,戴;留,表示“状态”是及物动词需加宾语 例句:
1)She always wears a pair of glasses.(她总是戴着一副眼镜。)
2)He wears a black jacket today.(今天他穿着一件黑色的夹克。)②put on穿上,戴上,表示“动作” 例句:
1)The teacher put on his hat and went out of the office.(老师戴上帽子然后走出办公室。)
2)Put on the gloves.It's cold outside.(戴上手套外面很凉。)③dress作“穿着…的衣服”解;给某人穿衣服不用写衣服 例句:
1)She is dressed in red.(她穿着红衣服。)
2)The mother dresses the child every day.(那位母亲每天给孩子穿衣服。)此句不能加衣服。
3)She dresses herself in red.(此句等于第一个例句。)
第五组:
do /make
①do“做”主要是用来表示“行动”“行为”,如do omelets是“把蛋卷煎好”。在do后面常加一些抽象名词,如do wrong(犯错)。“wrong”是抽象名词常与do搭配的短语有: ①do one's ②do(the)some ③do sb.a favor帮人忙
④do with利用;忍受;需要 ⑤do away with废除
⑥do without用不着;不需要 ⑦have ⑧do sb.⑨do nothing but do除了做…以外什么也没做 ⑩do business做生意 例句:
1)I'll do the dishes today.(今天我来洗盘子。)2)I've done my homework.(我已经做完了作业。)3)Crying does harm to you.(哭对你没有益处。)4)Will you do me a favor?(能否帮我一个忙?)
5)We cannot do without a telephone in our business.(我们做生意没有电话是不行的。)
6)The new teacher didn't know what to do with the class.(新老师不知道如何对待他班上的学生。)
7)I did nothing but watch TV last night.(昨晚我除了看电视以外什么也没有做。)
8)Who does your hair?(平常是谁给你做头发的?)
②make“作”,表示“制造”,其后的宾语是make的产品。如make clothes 制做衣服;make后常跟一些可数名词常与make动词搭配的短语有:
①make a ②make an ③make ④make 例句:
1)They have make great progress in learning English.(在学习英语方面他们已经取得了很大的进步。)
2)Who is going to make a speech today?(今天谁来演说?)3)Don't make a noise.嘘!(不要出声。)
4)She makes her living as a teacher.(她作教师来维持生计。)
第六组:
lie/lay/lie
1)lie不及物动词,躺;位于
lie—lay—lain—lying 例句:①Shanghai lies to the south of Beijing.(上海位于北京的南方。)②She has lain in bed for three days.(她已经在床上躺了三天了。)2)lay及物动词,放置;下蛋
lay—laid—laid—laying 例句:①These hens lay eggs every day.(这些鸡每天下蛋。)②He laid his hand on my shoulder.(他把手放在我的肩上。)③lie不及物动词,说谎
lie—lied—lied—lying 例句:①Don’t lie to me.(别骗我。)②She lies about her career.(她编造她的经历。)
第七组:
hear/listen to
①hear听;是一种“自然无意的动作。”hear of听说过hear from得到消息 例句:The deaf cannot hear.(聋子听不见。)②listen是一种“有意的动作。”如后面有宾语则需加to;如没有宾语,listen后不可加to。
例句:①Listen, somebody is crying.(听,有人在哭。)②I listened but heard nothing.(我注意听了,但没听见什么。)③Listen to me.(听我说。)
第八组: sit/set/seat
①sit不及物动;坐;就座;
sit—sat—sat—sitting 例句:①He sat at the table writing a letter.(他坐在书桌旁写信。)②Sit here until she comes back.(坐在这里等她回来。)③set安置;下沉;点燃;出考题;定时;树立(榜样)set—set—set—setting 例句:①Tom, set the table for dinner.(Tom,摆好桌子准备吃饭。)②He set the alarm for 6:00 in the morning.(他把闹钟定在早晨6点钟。)③My teacher set very difficult questions for the exam.(我们老师试题出得非常难。)④The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(太阳从东方升起从西方落下。)③seat使坐;容纳
seat—seated—seated—seating 例句:①)The theater can seat at least 2000 people.(这家戏院至少能容纳2000人。)②Please be seated.(请坐下。)此句等于Sit down please.③He seated himself next to her.(他坐在她的旁边。)
第九组:
rise/raise/arise/arouse/rouse
1)rise(太阳、月亮)升起,起来;(物价)上涨;(水)高涨 rise—rose—risen—rising 例句:①Everyone knows that the sun rises in the east.(每人都知道太阳是从东方升起。)②Prices have risen quickly.(物价快速上涨了。)③She rose to her feet.(她站了起来。)2)raise举起;养育;募款
raise—raised—raised—raising 例句:①Raise your hand please.(请你把手举起来。)②The farmer raises a lot of sheep on his farm.(这位农民在农场养了许多绵羊。)③They are raising founds for the expedition.(他们正在筹募探险的基金。)④arise(问题、困难)发生、产生、出现;起(风、雾)arise—arose—arisen—arising 例句:①A strong wind arose this morning.(今天早上刮起强风。)②A different problem has arisen.(不同的问题发生了。)③A mist arose from the lake.(湖上起雾了。)④arouse通常表示比喻或情绪方面的“激发” arouse─aroused─aroused─arousing 例句:①The book aroused my interest in learning English.(这本书引起我对学习英语感兴趣。)②The speaker aroused the anger of the audience.(演讲者激起了听众的怒气。)③rouse通常表示比较具体的“叫醒”或“唤醒” rouse─roused─roused─rousing 例句:①The sound roused him from reflection.(声音使他从深思中惊醒。)②The lies he heard about his friend roused his anger.(听到有人对他朋友造谣,使他怒火中烧。)
第十组:
lend/借出borrow
1)lend+人+物=lend+物+to+人
例如:①Please lend me your dictionary.=Please lend your dictionary to me.(请把你的字典借给我。)②I will lend you $200, but I can’t lend money to him.(我借给你200美元,但我不能借钱给他。)borrow借入
borrow+物+from+人
①She has borrowed a lot of books from the school library.(她已从学校的图书馆借了很多书。)②He often borrows money from me.(他经常从我这儿借钱。)
第十一组:
fall/feel/fell/fail/
fall─fell─fallen落下;跌倒 fall asleep睡着/fall behind落后
例句:①An apple fell to the ground.(一个苹果落在地上。)②Be careful on the ice or you will fall.(在冰上要小心,否则你会跌倒。)feel─felt─felt feel like+doing sth.想要; feel sleepy.想睡
例句:①Can you feel your heart beat violently?(你能感觉到你的心在猛烈地跳动吗?)②Both my legs didn’t feel.(我的双腿没有感觉。)③I suddenly felt a pain in my back.(我突然感到背部疼痛。)④Do you feel like taking a walk?(你想不想去散步?)fell─felled─felled砍伐
例句:A lot of trees were felled last night.(昨晚很多树被人伐倒了。)fail─failed─failed失败
例句:He has failed in English exam again.(他英语考试又没及格。)
第十二组:
win/beat
win─won─won win a prize得到奖品win a war打了胜仗
win a game赢得比赛win an election选举获胜
例句:①Our team won the same 3 to 2 last night.(昨晚我们队以3比2赢了比赛。)②Who do you think will win the beauty contest?(你认为那场选美谁会获胜?)③beat─beat─beaten beat是打败了对手
例句:①He beat me in the race.(他在赛跑中赢了我。)②We have beaten their team for 3 years.(我们已连续3年打败他们的球队。)③My heart beat fast at the sight of her.(一看见她,我的心跳就加快。)
第十三组: cure/recover/restore/heal
1)cure——cured——cured 治疗(疾病)
物+cure+人+of+病=人+be cured of+病
例句:①This medicine will cure your headache.(这种药会治好你的头痛病。)②The doctor cured her of a cold.(医生医好了她的感冒。)③She was cured of her disease.(她的痛被治好了。)2)recover——recovered——recovered 恢复(健康);痊愈;复元与from连用 例句:①After a few days' rest, she has recovered her health.(休息几天后,她已恢复健康。)
②They haven't recovered from the shock yet.(他们还未从那次打击中恢复过来。)
3)restore——restored——restored 使…恢复健康;修复;重建
例句:①The doctor restored the girl to health.(医生恢复了那个女孩的健康。)
=The girl was restored to health.②The workers have already restored the ruined temple.(工人们已修复了这座毁坏的寺庙。)
4)heal——healed——healed 主要指伤口的治愈;消除;平息。
例句:①His wound is not yet healed.(他的伤口尚未痊愈。)②Time heals all broken hearts.(时间可以消除一切忧伤。)
第十四组:
reach/arrive/get to
1)reach——reached——reached 及物动词到达,不加to等分词。
例句:They will reach Shanghai tonight.(今晚他们将抵达上海。)
2)arrive——arrived——arrived 不及物动词到达,加介词in(大地方)at小地方。
例句:①I'll phone you when I arrive in New York.(我到纽约后会给你电话。)②What time will they arrive at the airport?(他们什么时候会到达机场?)
3)get——got——gotten(got)不及物动词需加上to加上地点表示到达,但接地点副词时不加to。本空间名为腾讯认证(蔡章兵主编QQ757722345)空间,本空间每天都有5篇左右资源更新,你只须点击空间顶部“关注”并设置为特别关心,就会收到每天更新的信息,欢迎加微信czbqsyy收听更多信息。
例句:①What time does the train get to Beijing?(火车什么时间到达北京?)②When I set to Japan, I'll write to you.(我到了日本就给你写信。)③They got home safely.(他们平安到家。)注①:此处home是副词不能加to。
注②:“到达”reach=arrive at(in)=get to 到达上海 到达家/这里/那里
第十五组:
hang/hang
1)hang——hanged——hanged 及物动词吊死;处(人)绞刑;上吊。
例句:①He hanged himself last week.(上星期他上吊自杀了。)②The man was hanged for murder.(那个男子因谋杀罪被处绞刑。)hang——hung——hung 及物动词把…挂上;把…吊起。
例句:①She hung curtains over the windows.(她把窗帘挂上窗上。)②A picture is hung on the wall.(墙上挂着一幅画。)
第十六组:
affect/effect
1)affect——affected——affected 及物动词对…影响,感动(人的)心,使感动
例句:①The noise from the street affected our study.(马路上的噪音影响我们学习。)②Her story affected us deeply.(她的故事深深地打动我们的心。)
2)effect——effected——effected 及物动词使产生;实现…(目的),造成…(结果)effect很少作动词用,通常只跟change连用。例句①It will effect, no change of importance.(不会引起重大的变化。)
第十七组: thank/appreciate
1)thank——thanked——thanked 感谢,后接人
例句:①You don't have to thank me.(你不必向我道谢。)②She thanked me for my help.(她感谢我帮忙。)③appreciate——appreciated——appreciated 感激;欣赏,后接事或物
例句:①I greatly appreciate your help.(我很感激你的帮助。)②She doesn't appreciate good English poetry.(她不会欣赏好的英语诗歌。)
第十八组:
choose/select/elect/pick out
1)choose——chose——chosen 挑选;选拔;选择,指凭自己的判断力在人或物中进行挑选,而不强调精选。例句:①I'd like to choose a new tie for me.(我想给自己挑一条新领带。)
②I want to choose her a nice present.(我想要挑选一份精美的礼物送给她。)③The football players chose him as their team leader.(足球队员们选他当队长。)
2)select精选;挑选;选定,强调慎重考虑后的选择。
例句:①The farmer taught us how to select seeds.(这位农民教我们如何选种。)
②She was selected from among many applicants.(她是从许多报名者中选拔出来的。)
③Have you read selected works of Lu Xun?(你读过《鲁迅选集》吗?)3)elect选举;推选
例句:①We elected her monitor.(我们推选她为班长。)②We elected him mayor.(我们选他为市长。)③pick out 认出;挑出;挑选;多用口语
例句:①I picked out an old friend in a crowd.(我从人群中认出了一位老朋友。)
②She picked out the shoes that match the dress.(她选出搭配那件衣服的鞋子。)
第十九组:
join/join in/take part in/attend
1)join及物动词加入(团体,组织,参军)、同……一起干或玩、连接
例句:①I joined the Party in 1975.(我1975年入党。)
②His brother joined the army two years ago.(两年前他哥哥参军。)
③They are planning to join the two towns by a railway.(他们在计划用一条铁路把两个镇连接起来。)2)join in 参加(某些活动)
例句:①May I join in your discussion?(我可以参加你们的讨论吗?)
②Many people join in the game every year.(每年许多人参加这个游戏活动。)③He joined in the work without a second thought.(他未加思索地参加了那项工作。)
3)take part in 参加(群众性活动,会议等)参加者持积极态度,起一份作用。例句:①A lot of students took part in the thorough cleaning yesterday.(昨天许多学生参加大扫除。)
②A lot of college students took part in the movement last year.(去年很多大学生参加了那个运动。)4)attend 出席,参加,到场;上学
例句:①Did you attend the meeting last week?(上星期你出席会议了吗?)
②He was ill so he didn't attend his classes.(他生病了,所以没上学。)注意:attend的词语搭配 attend a ceremony 参加典礼 attend a funeral 参加葬礼 attend a lecture 听演讲 attend a concert 听音乐会 attend church 上教堂
第二十组: beat/hit/strike
1)beat——beat——beaten(连续地)打;击败;(心)跳动 例句:①My heart is beating fast.(我的心跳得很快。)
②They beat us in the match.(在这次比赛中,他们把我们击败了。)③The rain was beating on the windows.(雨点敲打着窗子。)2)hit 打;击中;想出(后接on)
例句:①The football hit him in the eye.(足球打在他的眼睛上了。)②He hit on a good idea.(他想出了一个好主意。)
③He hit his head hard on the floor when he fell down.(当他倒下时,头重重地碰到地板上。)
3)strike——struck——struck 打;敲;打动(心);擦(火柴);报时;突然想到,用途较广。例句:①Strike while the iron is hot.(趁热打铁。)
②Don't strike the man with a stick.(不要用棒子打那个男人。)
第五篇:高考易错成语
高考易错成语
第一类:望文生义。
1.间不容发。间:空隙。空隙中容不下一根头发。比喻与灾祸相距极近或情势危急到极点。不是“形容距离小”。
2.对簿公堂。簿:文状、起诉书之类;对簿:受审问;公堂:旧指官吏审理案件的地方。在法庭上受审问。不能误用为“双方打官司”。
3.拍手称快。快:痛快。拍掌叫好。多指正义得到伸张或事情的结局使人感到满意。不能直接用于那些欢快的场面。
4.不足为训。足:值得。训:准则,典范。指不值得作为准则或典范。不能理解为“不值得作为教训”。
5.不刊之论。刊:削除,古代把字写在竹简上,有错误就削去。指正确的、不可修改的言论。不能理解为“不能刊登、发表”。
6.目无全牛。全牛:整个一头牛。眼中没有完整的牛,只有牛的筋骨结构。比喻技术熟练到了得心应手的境地。不能理解为“没有全局观念或看不到整体”。不能误用作贬义词。7.下里巴人。原指战国时代楚国民间流行的一种歌曲。比喻通俗的文学艺术。不能理解为“社会地位低下的人”。
8.不赞一词。原指文章写得很好,别人不能再添一句话。现也指一言不发。不能理解为“不说一句赞成的话”。
9.不绝如缕。绝:断;缕:细线。像细线一样连着,差点儿就要断了。多用来形容局势危急或声音细微悠长。不能误认为“连续不断”。10.长此以往。长期这样下去。多用于不好的结果。
11.久假不归。假:借。长期借去,不归还。不能理解为“长期请假而不回来”。
12.明日黄花。黄花:菊花。原指重阳节过后逐渐萎谢的菊花。后多比喻过时的事物或消息。不是指未来的东西。
13.炙手可热。手摸上去感到热得烫人。比喻权势大,气焰盛,使人不敢接近。用于人而不用于物,不可理解为“热门”或“商品畅销”。
14.无所不为。没有不干的事情。指什么坏事都干。不能误用作褒义词。
15.巧夺天工。夺:胜过。人工的精巧胜过天然,形容技艺十分巧妙。不能用于“自然本身”。
16.别无长物。长物:多余的东西。除一身之外再没有多余的东西。原指生活俭朴,现形容贫穷。不能理解成“自己没有什么长处”。
17.蚂蚁进磨盘——条条是道。磨盘,磨的底盘,凿有许多齿形道。比喻办法多,门路广。不能理解为“有很多条道路”。
18.细大不捐。细:微,小;捐:舍弃。小的大的都不抛弃。形容包罗一切,没有选择。不能理解为“一点东西也不捐出”。
19.石破天惊。比喻文章议论新奇惊人。不能用于“惊人的消息或变化”。
20.危言危行。危:正直。说正直的话,做正直的事。不能理解为“危险的言论和行动”。21.豆蔻年华。豆蔻:一种草本植物,指女子十三四岁时。不能用于成年女子,更不能用于男孩。22.罪不容诛。诛:把罪人杀死。罪恶极大,杀了也抵不了其所犯的罪恶。不能理解为“罪恶小,不应该诛杀”。
23.大快人心。快:痛快。指坏人坏事受到惩罚或打击,使大家非常痛快。不能用于“一般的好事”。
24.休戚相关。休:欢乐,吉庆;戚:悲哀,忧愁。忧喜、福祸彼此相关联,形容关系密切,利害相关。主语不能用于人物以外的其他事物。
25.涣然冰释。涣然:流散的样子;释:消散。像冰遇热消融一般。形容疑虑、误会、隔阂等完全消除。不能用来描写冰雪融化。类似因误解意义而误用的成语还有:
1.火中取栗:比喻被别人利用去干冒险事,付出了代价而得不到好处。2.万人空巷:形容庆祝、欢迎等盛况。
3.不为已甚:指对人的责备或责罚要适可而止。
4.望洋兴叹:比喻做事时因力不胜任或没有条件而感到无可奈何。5.因人成事:依靠别人把事情办好。
6.弹冠相庆:指旧社会官场中一人当了官或升了官,同伙就互相庆贺将有官可做。7.司马青衫:比喻因遭遇相似而表示的同情。8.数典忘祖:比喻对于本国历史的无知。9.大动干戈:比喻大张声势地行事。10.高山流水:比喻知己或知音。
11.不翼而飞:比喻东西突然丢失。也比喻消息传得极快。
12.文不加点:指文章一气呵成,不用修改,形容文思敏捷,写作技巧纯熟。第二类 对象误用。
有些成语有特定的使用对象,如果把握不准,就极易扩大使用范围或误作它用。⑴、美轮美奂:用于形容屋舍高大华美,不能用来形容艺术品。
⑵、相敬如宾,琴瑟之好,破镜重圆:只能用于夫妻之间,不能用于朋友、同学、同事 ⑶、青梅竹马:只能用于年幼的男女之间。
⑷、休戚相关:只能用于人物之间,不能用于事物之间。⑸、置若罔闻:不可用于视觉方面。
⑹、筚路蓝缕:只用来形容创业艰苦,不可用来形容生活艰辛。⑺、汗牛充栋:形容书籍多,不能形容其它东西多。
⑻、耳提面命:用于长辈对晚辈,平辈、朋友之间不可用。⑼、三令五申:用于上级对下级。⑽、络绎不绝:用于人、马、车、船。
(11)、挥洒自如:用于写作,画画的运笔,不可用于举止风度。(12)、豁然开朗:不能用来形容人的性格。
(13)、不可磨灭:与痕迹、印象、功绩、事业道理等搭配,若与情感、友谊搭配则错。(14)、人老珠黄:只用于妇女。
(15)、巧夺天工:只能形容人工的精巧而不能用来形容天然的精巧。(16)、循序渐进:只用于学习、工作。
(17)、如履薄冰:用于人的心绪,不能用于环境。第三类 褒贬颠倒。
成语从感情色彩上可分褒义、中性、贬义,在使用过程中必须辨明褒贬,否则就容易造成褒词贬用或贬词褒用的错误。
“湖北省黄金寺村为迎接上级扶贫检查,把几个村的羊群集中到一起,以其规模效益骗取扶贫资金,其手段之恶劣,令人叹为观止。”
该成语形容所看到的事物美好到了极点,是一个褒义词,用在弄虚作假,蒙骗上级身上,犯了“褒词贬用”的错误。
“为了救活这家濒临倒闭的工厂,新上任的厂领导积极开展市场调查,狠抓产品质量和开发,真可谓处心积虑。”
这是个贬义词,例句中当褒义用,所以错了。褒词误用贬义的主要有:
1.拭目以待:形容期望很迫切。
2.神机妙算:形容预料准确,善于估计形势,决定策略。3.名不虚传:指实在很好,不是空有虚名。4.凤毛麟角:比喻珍贵而稀少的人或事物。5.洋洋大观:形容美好的事物众多丰盛。
6.沁人心脾:形容诗歌和文章优美动人,给人清闲爽朗的感觉 7.别有天地:形容风景或艺术创作的境界引人入胜。8.别出心杼:比喻写作不因袭前人,另辟新路。9.有口无心:指不是有心说的。10.惨淡经营:指苦心费力经营。
11.来日方长:未来的日子还很长。表示事有可为,劝人不必急于做某事。贬词误用褒义的主要有:
1.满城风雨:比喻某一事件传播很广,到处议论纷纷。2.形形色色:形容很多,各种各样的都有。3.无独有偶:不只一个,竟然还有配对的。4.无所不为:指什么坏事都干了。5.长此以往:长期如此这样下去。
6.趋之若鹜:比喻很多人争着去追逐不好的事物。7.半斤八两:比喻彼此一样,不相上下。8.等量齐观:不管事物间的差异,同等看待。9.绞尽心机:挖空心思,想尽办法。
10.大言不惭:说大话,吹牛皮,一点也不害臊。11.明目张胆:形容公开放肆地干坏事。
12.明哲保身:指因怕连累自己而回避原则斗争的处世态度。13.忘乎所以:指因过分兴奋或得意而忘了应有的举止。14.高谈阔论:指不着边际地大发议论。
15.始作俑者:比喻第一个作某项坏事的人或恶劣风气的创始人。16.好高骛远:指在学习或工作上不切实际地追求过高的目标。17.邯郸学步:比喻模仿人不到家,反把自己原来会的东西忘了。18.如丧考妣:好像死了父母一样地伤心和着急。19.一丘之貉:比喻彼此同是丑类,没有什么差别。20.咄咄逼人:形容气势汹汹,盛气凌人,使人难堪。21.虎视眈眈:形容恶狠狠地盯着看,等待机会下手。22.别有用心:指言论或行动另有不可靠人的企图。
23.衣冠楚楚:衣帽穿戴得很整齐,很漂亮,外表内心不一样。24.巧言令色:形容花言巧语,虚伪讨好。25.好为人师:指不谦虚,喜欢以教育者自居。
26.人模人样:或指小儿有成人相(亲昵语),或指人态度举止俨然与身份不相称(讽)。27.神气活现:表现出自鸣得意或傲慢的神态。28.趾高气扬:形容骄傲自满,得意忘形的样子。
29.为所欲为:想干什么就干什么。30.呜呼哀哉:指死亡或完蛋。
31.天花乱坠:形容说话有声有色,极其动听,多指夸张而不符合实际。32.巧舌如簧:形容花言巧语,能说会道。
33.一团和气:指互相之间只讲和气,不讲原则。
34.改头换面:表面上改一下,实质上和原来的还是一样。
对象误用的主要有:
1.豆蔻年华:指十三、四岁的少女。2.美轮美奂:形容房屋高大众多。
3.相敬如宾:指夫妻互相尊敬,如同对待客人一样。4.破镜重圆:比喻失散或离婚后重新团聚。5.琴瑟之好:比喻夫妇感情非常好。6.青梅竹马:指男女幼年时亲密无间。7.休戚相关:形容关系密切,利害相关。
8.置若罔闻:指不予理睬,放在一边不管,好像没听见一样。9.筚路蓝缕:形容创业的艰苦。10.汗牛充栋:形容藏书非常多。
11.耳提面命:形容长辈对晚辈教导热心恳切。
12.三申五令:多次命令和告诫,多指上级对下级,领导对群众。13.络绎不绝:形容行人车马来来往往,接连不断。
14.挥洒自如:形容举止潇洒,从容不迫。也形容写字或写文章,画画儿运笔不拘束。15.豁然开朗:形容由狭窄昏暗一变为开阔敞亮。
16.不可磨灭:指事迹言论等将始终保留在人们的记忆中。
17.人老珠黄:指妇女因为老了被轻视,就像珠子年代久了会变黄,不如新珠子值钱。18.巧夺天工:形容技艺极其巧妙。
19.循序渐近:指学习工作等按照一定的步骤逐渐深入或提高。20.如履薄冰:指做事极为小心,多用于的心绪。
下面成对举出的成语,基本意义相同而感情色彩相反,每对中,前一个词是褒义词,后一个词是贬义词:
1.情投意合:形容双方思想感情融洽,合得来。
臭味相投:比喻由于有相同的坏思想和习气而彼此很合得来。2.见机行事:看具体情况灵活办事。
见风使舵:比喻看势头或看别人的眼色行事。3.侃侃而谈:理直气壮,从容不迫地说话。夸夸其谈:形容说话浮夸不切实际。
4.一得之见:谦虚的说法,指自己对某个问题的一点肤浅的见解。一孔之见:比喻狭隘片面的见解。
5.无所不至:指没有不到的地方。也指凡是能做的都做了。无微不至:形容关怀、照顾得非常细心周到。6.再接再厉:比喻继续努力,再加一把劲。
变本加厉:情况变得比本来更加严重,多指缺点、缺误。7.深思熟虑:反复深入地思考。处心积虑:指长期谋划要干某件事。8.绞尽脑汁:费尽思虑,费尽脑筋。
费尽心思:挖空心思,想尽办法。9.开山祖师:指某一事业创始人。
始作俑者:比喻第一个作某一项坏事的人或恶劣风气创始人。10.昂首阔步:形容精神抖擞,意气风发。趾高气扬:形容骄傲自满,得意忘形的样子。第四类 语境不合。
成语也是词,它必须符合一定的语言环境,语境不合,自然造成误用,成语的意思必须与句意相合,否则会错误。
那是一张两人的合影,左边是一位英俊的解放军战士,右边是一位文弱的莘莘学子。“莘莘学子”是指众多学生,例句中虽有“学子”条件,却不具备“莘莘”(众多)条件,所不符合语境。
类似这种毛病的词语还有:
⑴“力挽狂澜”:比喻尽力挽回险恶的局势,如果语境中没有险恶的局势,不能用。⑵“相濡以沫”:比喻同处困境,相互救助。
⑶“名不虚传”:“名”是“名誉”是好名声,一般名声不可用。⑷“耳濡目染”:这词语的主语只能是被感染者,而不能是感染者。⑸“不可开交”:只能做“得”的补语。(6)“差强人意”:是大体上还能使人满意。
1.身临其境:指自己处在某一种环境或氛围中 设身处地:设想自己处在别人的地位或境遇中。
2.望其项背:能够望见别人的颈项和脊背,表示赶得上或比得上(多用于否定)。望尘莫及:比喻远远落后。
3.耳濡目染:形容见得多听得多了之后,无形之中受到影响 耳闻目睹:亲耳听见,亲眼看见。4.舍本逐末:形容轻重倒置。
本末倒置:比喻把主要的和次要的、本质的和非本质的关系弄颠倒了。5.无与伦比:没有能比得上的。(褒义)不可同日而语:形容不能相比,不能相提并论。6.形影相吊:形容孤独。形影不离:形容彼此关系密切。
7.一见如故:初次见面就很相投,像老朋友一样。一见钟情:一见面就产生了爱情。
8.不拘一格:不局限于一种规格或方式。无拘无束:不受任何约束,形容自由自在。9.乐不思蜀:泛指乐而忘返。乐不可支:形容快乐到了极点。
10.不以为然:不认为是对的,表示不同意(多含轻视意)不以为意:不把它放在心上,表示不重视,不认真对待。11.不孚众望:不能使群众信服。不负众望:不辜负群众的希望。
12.间不容发:比喻与灾祸相距极近。情势极其危急。亲密无间:形容非常亲密,没有任何隔阂。
第五类 表意重复
成语一般都比较精炼,使用得当,可以收到言简意赅之效,但如果不注意成语和句子的语义的比照,就容易造成成语隐含义与句子语义的重复。
⑴、劳苦大众民不聊生 ⑵、广大灾民哀鸿遍野
⑶、百姓生灵涂炭 ⑷、连着几天几夜通宵达旦地忙活 ⑸、山冈和田野上,到处都是漫山遍野的果树林
⑹、说话音量大,声如洪钟 ⑺、一天天地日臻完善 ⑻、暗含着不言而喻的潜台词 ⑼、众多的莘莘学子
⑽、寒舍真是蓬筚生辉(11)、活蹦乱跳的生猛海鲜(12)、目前当务之急(13)、妄自菲薄自己 第六类 误用字面意义。
1.进退维谷:形容进退两难。2.炙手可热:形容权势大,气焰盛,使人不敢接近。3.春风化雨:比喻良好的教育 4.间不容发:形容情势极其危急。5.祸起萧墙:指祸乱从内部发生。6.如坐春风:比喻得到教益或感化。7.一衣带水:指虽有江河湖海相隔,但距离不远,不足以成为交往的阻碍。8.下车伊始:比喻带着工作任务刚到一个地方。
9.开门见山:比喻说话或写文章直截了当谈本题,不拐弯抹角。10.水清无鱼:比喻过分计较人的小缺点就不能团结人。11.盲人瞎马:比喻盲目行动,后果十分危险。12.独步天下:天下没有第二个。
第七类 谦敬错位
有些成语是谦词,只能对己,有些成语是敬词,只能对人,如果辨别不准,会犯谦敬错位的错误。
“抛砖引玉”:比喻用粗浅的,不成熟的意见或文章,引出别人高明的、成熟的意见或作品,常用作谦词,只能对己。类似的词语还有:
⑴虚怀若谷:形容非常谦虚,表示对人的敬意,只能对人,不能对己。
⑵狗尾续貂:比喻拿不好的东西接在好的东西的后面,通常只用在自己的作品,表谦虚。⑶蓬筚生辉:用于称谢别人到自己家中,或称谢别人的字画送到自己家里。⑷敬谢不敏:恭敬地表示不能接受或能力不够,用于自谦,表示推辞某事。⑸心向往之:用于表示对某人或事的景仰之情。⑹一得之见:谦词,表示'自己一点浅薄的意见'。
敬词和谦词集释
“令”字一族。用于对方的亲属或有关系的人。如令尊:尊称对方的父亲;令堂:尊称对方的母亲;令郎:尊称对方的儿子;令爱、令嫒:尊称对方的女儿;令兄:尊称对方的兄长;令弟:尊称对方的弟弟;令侄:尊称对方的侄子;另亲:尊称对方的亲戚。
“拜”字一族。用于自己的行为动作涉及对方。如拜读:指阅读对方的文章;拜辞:指告辞对方;拜访:指访问对方;拜服:指佩服对方;拜贺:指祝贺对方;拜识:指结识对方;拜托:指托对方办事情;拜望:指探望对方。
“奉”字一族。用于自己的动作涉及对方时。如奉达(多用于书信):告诉,表达;奉复(多用于书信):回复;奉告:告诉;奉还:归还;奉陪:陪伴;奉劝:劝告;奉送、奉赠:赠送;逢迎:迎接;奉托:拜托。
“惠”字一族。用于对方对待自己的行为动作。如惠存(多用于送人相片、书籍等纪念品时所题的上款):请保存;惠临:指对方到自己这里来;惠顾(多用于商店对顾客):来临;惠允:指对方允许自己(做某事);惠赠:指对方赠誉(财物)。
“恭”字一族。表示恭敬地对待对方。如恭贺:恭敬地祝贺;恭候:恭敬地等候;恭请:恭 6
敬地邀请;恭迎:恭敬地迎接;恭喜:祝贺对方的喜事。
“垂”字一族。用于别人(多是长辈或上级)对自己的行动。如垂爱(都用于书信):称对方对自己的爱护;垂青:称别人对自己的重视;垂问、垂询:称别人对自己的询问;垂念:称别人对自己的思念。
“贵”字一族。称与对方有关的事物。如贵干:问人要做什么;贵庚:问人年龄;贵姓:问人姓;贵恙:称对方的病;贵子:称对方的儿子(含祝福之意);贵国:称对方国家;贵校:趁对方学校。
“高”字一族。称别人的事物。如高见:高明的见解;高就:指人离开原来的职位就任较高的职位;高龄:称老人(多指六十岁以上)的年龄;高寿:用于问老人的年龄;高足:称呼别人的学生;高论:称别人的议论。
“大”字一族。尊称对方或称与对方有关的事物。如大伯:除了指伯父外,也可尊称年长的男人;大哥:可尊称与自己年龄相仿的男人;大姐:可尊称女性朋友或熟人;大妈、大娘:尊称年长的妇女;大爷:尊称年长的男子;大人(多用于书信):称长辈;大驾:称对方;大师傅:尊称和尚;大名:称对方的名字;大庆:称老年人的寿辰;大作:称对方的著作;大札:称对方的书信。
“敬”字一族。用于自己的行动涉及别人。如敬告:告诉;敬贺:祝贺;敬候:等候;敬礼(用于书信结尾):表示恭敬;敬请:请;敬佩:敬重佩服;敬谢不敏:表示推辞做某件事。
“请”字一族。用于希望对方做某事。如请问:用于请求对方回答问题;请坐:请求对方坐下;请进:请对方进来。
“屈”字一族。如屈驾(多用于邀请人):委屈大驾;屈就(多用于请人担任职务):委屈就任;屈居:委屈地处于(较低的地位);屈尊:降低身份俯就。
“光”字一族。表示光荣,用于对方来临。如光顾(多用于商家欢迎顾客):称客人来到;光临:称宾客到来。
“俯”字一族。公文书信中用来称对方对自己的行动。如俯察:称对方或上级对自己理解;俯就:用于请对方同意担任职务;俯念:称对方或上级体念;俯允:称对方或上级允许。
“华”字一族。称对方的有关事物。如华诞:称对方生日;华堂:称对方的房屋;华翰:称对方的书信;华宗:称人同姓。
“老”字一族。用来尊称别人,有时特指老年人或。如老伯、老大爷、老太爷:可尊称老年男子;老前辈:尊称同行里年纪较大、资格较老、经验较丰富的人;老兄:尊称男性朋友;老总:尊称中国人民解放军的某些高级领导人(多和姓连用)
谦辞.“家”字一族。用于对别人称自己的辈分高或年纪大的亲戚。如家父、家尊、家严、家君:称父亲;家母、家慈:称母亲;家兄:称兄长;家姐:称姐姐;家叔:称叔叔。
“舍”字一族。用于对别人称自己的辈分低或年纪小的亲戚。如舍弟:称弟弟;舍妹:称妹妹;舍侄:称侄子;舍亲:称亲戚。
“小”字一族。谦称自己或与自己有关的人或事物。如小弟:男性在朋友或熟人之间的谦称自己;小儿:谦称自己的儿子;小女:谦称自己的女儿;小人:地位低的人自称;小生(多见于早期白话):青年读书人自称;小可(多见于早期白话):谦称自己;小店:谦称自己的商店。
“老”字一族。用于谦称自己或与自己有关的事物。如老粗:谦称自己没有文化;老朽:老年人谦称自己;老脸:年老人指自己的面子;老身:老年妇女谦称自己。
“敢”字一族。表示冒昧地请求别人。如敢问:用于问对方问题;敢请:用于请求对方做某事;敢烦:用于麻烦对方做某事。
“愚”字一族。用于自称的谦称。如愚兄:向比自己年轻的人称自己;愚见:称自己的见解。7
也可单独用“愚”谦称自己。
“拙”字一族。用于对别人趁自己的东西。如拙笔:谦称自己的文字或书画;拙著、拙作:谦称自己的文章;拙见:谦称自己的见解。
“敝”字一族。用于谦称自己或跟自己有关的事物。如敝人:谦称自己;敝姓:谦称自己的姓;敝处:谦称自己的房屋、处所;敝校:谦称自己所在的学校。
鄙”字一族。用于谦称自己或跟自己有关的事物。如鄙人:谦称自己;鄙意:谦称自己的意见;鄙见:谦称自己的见解。
寒舍:谦称自己的家;犬子:称自己的儿子;笨鸟先飞:表示自己能力差,恐怕落后,比别人先行一步;抛砖引玉:谦称用自己粗浅的、不成熟的意见引出别人高明的、成熟的意见,等等。
常用敬词与谦词集锦
卫冕:指竞赛中保住上次获得的冠军称号。惠赠:敬辞,指对方赠予(财物)惠允:敬辞,指对方允许自己做某事 家父:谦辞,对别人称自己的父亲 家母:谦辞,对别人称自己的母亲 驾临:敬辞,称对方到来
见教:客套话,指教(我),如“有何见教” 见谅:客套话,表示请人谅解
借光:客套话,用于请别人给自己方便或向人询问 借重:指借用其他人的力量,多用做敬辞 金婚:欧洲风俗称结婚五十周年
金兰:可用做结拜为兄弟姐妹的代称,如“义结金兰” 进见:前去会见,(多指见首长)
进言:向人提意见(尊敬或客气的口气),如“向您进一言”、“大胆进言” 晋见:即进见
觐见:(书)朝见(君主)
垂问:敬辞,表示别人(多指长辈或上级)对自己的询问。
垂爱:(书)敬辞,称对方(多指长辈或上级)对自己的爱护(多用于书信)久违:客套话,好久没见
久仰:客套话,仰慕已久(初次见面时说)问鼎:指谋图夺取政权(中性词)伉丽:(书)夫妻,如伉丽之情 劳步:敬辞,用于谢别人来访 劳驾:客套话,用于请别人做事或让路 令爱(媛):敬辞,称对方的女儿 令郎:敬辞,称对方的儿儿子 令亲:敬辞,称对方的亲戚 令堂:敬辞,称对方的母亲 令尊:敬辞,称对方的父亲
留步:客套话,用于主人送客时,客人请主人不要送出去 蒙尘:(书)蒙受灰尘,(指君主因战乱逃亡大外)
名讳:旧时指尊长或所尊敬的人的名字。内眷:指女眷
内人:对别人称自己的妻子
赏脸:客套话,用于请对方接受自己的要求或赠品 舍间:谦称自己的家,也称“舍下” 舍亲:自己的亲戚。
台端:敬辞,旧时称对方,(多用于机关、团体等给个人的函件)台甫:敬辞,旧时用于问人的表字 台驾:敬辞,旧称对方
台鉴:旧时书信套语,用在开头的称呼之后,表示请对方看信。泰山、泰水:岳父、岳母
托福:客套话,依赖别人的富气使自己幸运。外舅:(书)岳父。
代字:女子尚示定亲,如“代字闺中” 当轴:旧时指政府领导者 挡驾:婉辞,谢绝来客访问。丁忧:遭到父母的丧事
鼎力:敬辞,大力(表示请托或感谢时用)斗胆:形容大胆(多用作谦词)独夫:残暴无道为人民所憎恨的统治者
方家:“大方之家”的简称,多指精通某种学问、艺术的人。父执:父亲的朋友 付梓:把稿件交付刊印 高堂:(书)指父母
割爱:放弃心爱的东西(婉辞)割席:指与朋友绝交(典出管宁、华歆)阁下:敬辞,称对方,多用于外交场合 更衣:婉辞,上厕所
股肱:比喻左右辅助得力的人(书)光顾:敬辞,商家多用以欢迎顾客 光临:敬辞,称宾客来到 归天、归西:婉辞,人死之称 归省:(书)回家省亲 桂冠:光荣的称号 贵庚:敬辞,问人年龄 贵恙:敬辞,称对方的病 过誉:谦辞,过分称赞
海涵:敬辞,大度包容(多用于请人特别原谅时)寒舍:谦辞,称自己的家 合卺(jǐn):成婚
红案:厨工的分工上指做菜的工作 白案:厨工的分工上指蒸饭之类的工作
候光:敬辞,等候光临 候教:敬辞,等候指教
后学:后进的学者或读书人,多用作谦辞 后裔:已经死去的人的子孙
麾下:将帅的部下,也作敬辞,称将帅
惠存:敬辞,请保存,多用于送人相片、书籍等纪念品时所题写的上款 惠顾:惠临,多用于商店对顾客
惠临:敬辞,指对方到自己这里来 词谦词防误用.仔细分析近几年高考的“语言得体”类试题,我们发现其中一种较为普遍的毛病,往往是由敬、谦词的误用而至。现结合有关试题,对此类“毛病”作一具体的“诊断”: 一.混淆对象.例1:下列句子中,加线词语的传统礼貌称谓使用正确的一句是:()[1994年高考第9题] A.这是您家母托我买的,您直接交给她老人家就行了。
B.令媛这次在儿童画展上获奖,多亏您悉心指导,我们全家都很感谢您。C.我们家家教很严,令尊常常告诫我们,到社会上要清清白白做人。D.令郎不愧是丹青世家子弟,他画的马维妙维肖、栩栩如生。分析:A项中的“家母”是谦称自己的母亲,而句中转交的对象是对方的母亲,应该用敬词“令堂”或“令慈”;B、C两项均把称自己女儿和父亲的谦词“小女”、“家父”误用为“令嫒”、“令尊”(分别敬称对方的女儿和父亲),故正确答案为D。又如,例2:选出语言得体的一项()
A.多年不见的老乡捎来了家乡的土产,我推辞不了,最后只好笑纳了。B.尽管只是绵薄之力,但他费了很大的劲,我们应该感谢。C.我因临时有急事要办,不能光临贵校座谈会,深表歉意。D.这种陈词滥调的报告恐怕是没有人愿意恭听的。
分析:A中的“笑纳”是敬称,B中的“绵薄之力”是谦称,C中的“光临”是敬称,都混淆了各句话题所涉及到的对象,故不得体,正确答案是D。二.颠倒位置.例3:某学校请一位全国著名的科学家来作报告,经办的同志给这位科学家去了一封信,信中说:“请您来讲一次,想来您也会觉得荣幸的。”……[92年“三南”高考题]
分析:此段文字中“荣幸”一词不得体。写信人颠倒了与对方的位置,因为学校邀请的对象是“一位全国著名的科学家”,而且校方又是有求于人。显然,“觉得荣幸的”应该是校方经办的同志以及听了科学家报告的人,而不该是“这位科学家”。又如,例4:下面是周华同学给博物馆金馆长写的一张便条,其中有些词用得不得体,请你帮他修改。[1995年高考第30题] 金馆长:
您约我今天下午去贵处谈我班同学光临贵馆参观一事,因我有急事,现决定改期。具体改在何时,另行磋商。周华
5月18日
要求:找出并改正用得不得体的词,有几个写几个。
分析:该题中不得体的词有“光临”、“决定”、“磋商”三个(可分别改用“到或去”“不得不或只好、只能”“商量或商议、商定”等),其中“光临”一词就属对象错位之误。因为“光临”是称宾客的到来,属敬词,而文中所指的“贵馆参观一事”是自己的行为。