第一篇：2012届高考英语考前冲刺精选语法资料邪说英语语法连载(七)
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（七）邪说英语连载五：非谓语动词
（三）非谓语动词
（三）——过去分词 I.概述：表被动、无名词性
上回已解剖现在分词，其要旨在于表示主动的动作，而既有主动，自有被动。与之相对的被动动作，就由过去分词来表达。两者的基本区别略述如下。
-ed分词与-ing分词同属非谓语动词的家庭。它们这种亲缘关系表现在： 1）它们都不能独立地充当谓语；
2）它们都可在句子其它位置充当多种成分，如定语、状语、补语； 3）它们的成员中都有变节为形容词、介词、从属连词者。
但它们既然为不同的非谓语动词，当然有着各自的特点。其基本区别在于： 1）-ed分词主要表示被动关系，而-ing分词表主动；
2）-ed分词无名词性，故不能涉足主语宾语这些位置，而-ing分词则可以； 3）-ed分词形式单一，只有一种形式，-ing分词则有几种变体。II．无名词性：永不做主语宾语 1．作主语，不合格
要点一：非谓语动词不讲时态，只讲语态。(非谓语动词表示不出“时”，只表示主动或被动。Fail与he是主动关系，故用-ing分词。)例：
Nixon lied.It finally led to his resignation.*(His)Lied finally led to Nixon’s resignation.当动词不作谓语也就是用非谓语动词时，就不再管时态——时态是谓语动词的事；要判断的是主被动的问题。Lie与 Nixon是主动关系，所以用-ing分词。
Lying finally led to Nixon’s resignation.或 Nixon’s lying finally led to his resignation.考点
要点二：在主语位置，用-ing分词的被动式表被动的动作。
I am forced to struggle desperately with English.That is a tragedy.*Forced to struggle with English is a tragedy.“-ing分词表主动，-ed分词表被动”有一个前提：-ed分词无名词性，不能作主宾语，所以有一个“凡是”：凡是相当于名词的时候，都由-ing分词来担当。如果被动，则用-ing分词的被动式)Being forced to struggle desperately with English is a tragedy.(或My being forced to struggle desperately with English is a tragedy.)I still remember being taken to Beijing for the first time.He narrowly escaped being run over.他差一点就被车轧着了。
Mark often attempts to escape _____ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.(9506 CET-4)a.having been fined b.to be fined c.to have been fined d.being fined 2．作宾语，不合格
Grammar was misunderstood.She felt disappointed at that.*Grammar felt disappointed at misunderstood.*Grammar felt disappointed at misunderstanding.亿库教育网
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http://www.xiexiebang.com Grammar felt disappointed at being misunderstood.English was taken seriously.She resented that.English resented being taken seriously.考点
如前已述，非谓语动词不是按时态来进行选择。但有时-ing分词也可表示出一定的时间概念，如发生在前。但表示法不是用过去“时”，而是用完成“体”。注意：-ing分词的完成体此时主要用以强调动作“是否发生过”这一方面。He denied having taken it.他否认拿了它。
She regrets/repents having said it.她后悔说了这话。She admitted having read the letter.她承认看过这封信。
I could not recall having heard anyone say that before.我不记得以前听过谁说这样的话。
The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager of the company.(9706 CET-4)a.have told b.be told c.being told d.having told(注意此题中，confess to具有一定的迷惑性，其实它如look forward to一样，相当于一个及物动词，“to”非不定式符号。)再复杂一点，把完成体再跟被动搅和在一起，形成-ing分词的完成被动式，表示发生在前面的被动动作。表面看似庞然大物的东西，自然也受出题者青睐。
I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.He pride himself on having never been beaten in chess.他为自己下棋从未被击败而自豪。
Our modern civilization must not be thought of as _____ in a short period of time.a.being treated b.to have been created c.having been created d.to be created III．表示被动：与某个主体形成被动关系
过去分词表示被动。跟现在分词一样，也得找到相应的主体，即跟谁形成被动关系。根据其所做的成分不同，主体也有相应变化。
1．过去分词作定语：与被修饰的名词形成被动关系
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.（动词organize与被修饰的名词trip形成被动关系，即trip is organized, 也可以说是动宾关系即organize a trip, 故用过去分词）。上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.（elect those, or those are elected）当选为委员的人将出席这次会。
注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。2．过去分词作表语：自然与主语形成被动关系。The window is broken.窗户破了。
They were frightened at the sad sight.他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意：be + 过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别： The window is broken.（系表）
The window was broken by the boy.（被动）3．过去分词作宾语补足语：与宾语形成被动关系
I heard the song sung several times last week.（song is sung, or sing the song）上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
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http://www.xiexiebang.com 有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：
With the work done, they went out to play.工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。4．过去分词作状语：与句子主语形成被动关系
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.（he is praised, or praise him）
受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因）
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.(it is seen, or see it)一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间）
Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.(I am given, or give me)如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条件）
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.(he is told, or tell him)虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步）
Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave.心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。(he is filled, or fill him)一条小支流：不及物动词过去分词表完成
因为过去分词核心的意义是表示被动关系。由上我们也可看出，被动意义的形成以动词是及物动词为前提。故一般来说过去分词都是及物动词，或者不及物动词加介词构成的相当于及物动词的短语。
但凡规则都有例外，有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的。时，过去分词形式表示的不是被动，而是完成。如： boiled water（开水）fallen leaves（落叶）
newly arrived goods（新到的货）the risen sun（升起的太阳）the changed world（变了的世界）
这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。过去分词特殊结构：按特定的方式理解 1．连词+过去分词
-ed分词也有带有连词的情形。这时候逻辑关系自然就非常清楚了，不用多费心思。If accepted for this post, you will be informed within a week.如果你被接受担任这个职务，将在一礼拜内通知你。
Unless changed, this law will make life difficult for farmers.除非作某些变动，否则这条法律将使农民的生活发生困难。
I went on talking, thought continually interrupted by Dussel.我继续往下谈，尽管不断被杜塞尔打断。
He started, as if awakened from some dream.他猛然一惊，仿佛从梦中惊醒。
Once informed, I’ll take actions.一旦得到通知，我就会采取行动。
The couple took good care of the baby while occupied by their work.这对夫妇一边工作，一边很好地照顾着婴儿。2．过去分词独立结构
This done, we went home.相当于：When this was done, we went home.All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.亿库教育网
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http://www.xiexiebang.com 相当于：Since all our savings were gone, we started looking for jobs.She gazed, her hands clasped to her breast.相当于：She gazed, and her hands were clasped to her breast.It rained and rained, vehicles bogged down and bridges washed out.相当于：It rained and rained, and vehicles were bogged down and bridges were washed out.All things ____, the planned trip will have to be called off.(98-06 CET-4)a.considered b.be considered c.considering d.having considered 相当于：If all things are considered, the planned trip will have to be called off.3．-ed分词同样适用于“介宾补”结构。
With my homework finished, I went out for a walk.Ice, of relative density 0.9, floats in water, with nine-tenth submerged.冰的比重为0.9，它浮在水面上时，9/10淹没在水里。过去分词的变异：形式上的过去分词已完全叛变为其它词 1．-ed形容词
-ed分词为形容词时，也表现为单独作定语或表语。理解的思路亦复与-ing分词相同：不再是表示动作，而是描述性状；意义与相关的动词有紧密联系。
-ing分词中已讲到，表情感的及物动词变来的形容词，常表示“（某事物）给人某种感觉或影响”这样一种性质： 与之相对应，-ed形容词表示被动的含义，通常指（某人）受到事物的影响而具有的某种感觉：-ing形容词-ed形容词
alarming: 让人担忧的，惊心的 alarmed: 担心的 charming: 迷人的 charmed: 着迷的 amusing: 有趣的到 amused: 愉快的
astonishing/surprising astonished/surprised /astounding/shocking: /astounded/shocked: 吃惊的 encouraging: 令人鼓舞的 encouraged: 受到鼓舞的 confusing: 令人糊涂的 confused: 糊涂的 refreshing: 令人振奋的 refreshed: 振奋的
striking: 显著的，惊人的 stricken: 遭殃的，患病的等
而不及物动词相关的形容词，在-ing分词形容词表示动作或状态的持续性，而-ed分词形容词则表示动作完成后所处的状态。
Fallen leaves 落叶 a retired army officer 退休军官 an escaped prisoner逃犯 比较：falling leaves 2．-ed介词
-ed介词已经从动词叛变，同样可从两个方面来看：一是它的意义虽与动词相关，但已有所变化；二是它没有什么逻辑主语。最常用的一个是given。表示“考虑到已有的某种事物”或假设“如果有某种事物”，在此基础上可作出一个推断。
Given the government’s record on unemployment, their chances of winning the election look poor.鉴于政府在解决失业问题上成绩不佳，他们在选举中获胜的机会似乎不大。
Given her interest in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her.考虑到她喜欢孩子，我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业。
Given contrasting circumstances, identical twin would develop quite different
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数量少。常用的有provided。另，given that也相当于从属连词。Provided也可用provided that或providing, providing that进行替换。这种可-ing分词也可-ed分词的局面说明它们与动词已有了相当的距离了，因为动词的主被动关系是径渭分明的；另一方面，可以跟 “that”也说明它作起介词来，毕竟不如正宗的介词那么理直气壮。
I will agree to go provided(that)my expenses are paid.假如为我负担费用，我就同意去。（编辑：赵露）
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第二篇：2012届高考英语考前冲刺精选语法资料邪说英语语法连载(四)
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2012届高考英语考前冲刺精选语法资料邪说英语语法连载
（四）邪说英语连载四：三剑合璧论
（基本句型、句子主干、动词用法）
诸君，邪说英语走的是两线结构，即语言的两条线索。一是语言知识，也就是词汇语法，另一条线是语言技能，也就是听说读写译，此处当然主要是读和写。前者，是从动词发源，讲到了谓语动词与非谓语动词之别，而与之并行的语言技能，也就是分开谓与非谓，在于阅读中主干的把握。对此若有疑问，请参看前面三回。
今日我们前行一步，在通过“视力”擒住谓语动词之后，将英语句子，尤其是长句的主干结构一网打尽。盖谓语动词，似非主干之全部。然而其实谓语动词一得，主干也庶几跑不掉了。何出此言，且听分解。其要旨，在于一个“三剑合璧”。
这个三剑，就是“基本句型”、“句子主干”以及“动词用法”。
抛砖引玉
长句的解析要点究竟是什么？我们都知道不全是单词。我们都觉得是句法，但究竟是怎样的句法。似乎从来没有都是那么虚无缥渺。先来看一个句子的理解过程。你会发现：理解的关键又不在词，然而又在于词。问题在于你对词把握的是什么。
例（1）It makes the idea of forcing waters to do our bidding so fascinating.这个句子要理解清楚，关键不在于看来似乎很“酷”的生词如bidding。而是两个词的把握。一个是make, 另一个是force.有正确意识和经验的看到make, 知道它有两种用法。一种是如make a story这样的动宾结构中，表示的意思是“制造，编造”，另外一种是如make it possible或make English serve us这样的动宾补结构中意思为“使什么怎么样或干什么”，而这个地方是一个动宾补结构。那么是使得“这个想法”如何呢？也就是补语是谁呢？这个时候，to do our bidding可能出来捣乱，似乎是补语的样子，因为挨得近嘛!但我们知道补语应该是fascinating.问题在于：究竟凭什么断言补语是此而非彼？
有两个要点：
一是make的用法。它用作动宾补的时候，如果是动词作补语，必然是make sb do, 而绝不会是make sb to do.故to do our bidding不可能是它的宾语补语。
二是force的用法。它做动词的时候，也常用作动宾补的结构，而其形式必然是force sb to do, 也就是其补语必为带to的不定式。
这个句子的解决，最终在于两个弱智词make和force。然而显然这两个词光是知道意思是不够，关键在于其用法。但用法这个东西从来又不太实际。什么是用法？我们也可以想出另外一个概念，就是我们抓了主干；还有，抓出来的似乎是基本句型。这就对了，这三个东西，其实就是一回事。
三剑合璧
语法书讲句法，通常从“基本句型”开始讲起。基本句型究竟所用为何？也是欲说还休。阅读书讲长句，通常会强调“抓主干”。句子的主干结构与之有何关系？还是未有明示。词汇书讲动词，通常不会忘记“词的用法”。词的用法究竟所指为何？似乎又不甚了然。对动词究竟应该记些什么，因而也成了水月镜花。
我们来观察一下这三个东西：
（1）基本句型
*主系表
例（1）English is a tool for communication.英语是交流之工具。
例（2）English proves an easy language.英语并不难。
*主系表里颇有一点让人费心的问题，顺便解释一下。
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所谓主系表结构，关键在于主表之间的相通性。
句（1）中表语是名词，表语就是对主语之界定。
句（2）中的prove，不是be动词，但也属于系动词。问题在于这个词也可作行为动词如
(3)We can prove the truth of the statement.我们可以证明这个说法的正确性。同样一个动词，究竟算主系表还是主谓宾，可通过其前后成分的关系来区别。
（2）中，an easy language是对English的定义，两者是等同的；（3）中we和the truth of the statement显然不是同类事物。故前者为主系表关系，后者只能是主谓宾结构。主谓
(4)I walked on the street.(5)I lived in the city.主谓宾
(5)I learned English all myself.(6)I found something differet.主谓双宾
(7)I am teaching you something, I hope.(8)I gave him a book.主谓宾补
(9)I found it challenging to say what I want.(10)I made it possible through hard work.（2）动词（用法）类型
系动词: be, prove
不及物动词: live, walk
单宾动词: learn, find
双宾动词: teach, give
复宾动词: find, make
（3）句子主干
主系表、主谓、主谓宾、主谓双宾、主谓宾补
可以看出
（1）动词的用法决定基本句型。
（2）基本句型就是句子主干的类型。
故有
（3）动词用法决定着句子主干。
也就是说，一个句子，只要动词确定了，句子的主干结构就确定了。
所以所谓的抓主干，关键在于抓动词。抓住了动词，整个句子的结构就昭然若揭。当然，一个前提条件就是要懂得动词的用法。
（4）把握动词，关键是把握用法。
其利断金
三剑合璧，威力无比。英语长句之比较费解的一部分，才真正实现了迎刃而解。先看1994年的考研阅读理解中这道题目。
55.According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to__.A.withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes
B.obtain more convenient services than other people do
C.enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper
D.cash money wherever he wishes to
我们观察一下它的D选项，第一个词cash在这个地方变成了动词。但是凭什么判断它已经变成了动词呢？我们如果看题干，就知道是确定无疑的。题干中的谓语动词enable, 其用法决定着结构是enable sb to do, 其补语必定是不定式，故cash为动词原形。这样才能准确地将cash money理解为“将钱变成现金”，而不是整个理解为“现钱”。
我们再看一些非常“简单”的词所可能伴随的障碍，体会一下把握其用法并由此预测句型即主干结构后那种拔云见日的感觉。
GIVE
“The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be.邪说：看whether开头的从句。必须对give心中有数，才会游刃有余。Give sb/sth sth, 意为“给谁/什么以什么东西”，后面两个名词短语代进去，此句可成。给谁呢？freedom of though and expression, 给什么呢？the widest possible latitude.参考译文 对任何一个民主社会的检验不是看它如何严格地控制舆论，而是看它能否尽可能给予人们思考和表达自由以最大的空间，不管其结果有时候引起多么大的争议和愤怒。The currents of air that the walls of the ship direct upwards, as well as in the line of its course, are enough to give the great bird with its immense wings sufficient sustenance and progress.邪说：此句主干结构是the currents of air are enough to give the great bird with immense wings sufficient sustenance and progress.而理解的关键又是give开始的结构。如果不坚守双宾的结构，可能误认为是give the great bird with its immense wings, 即“给巨鸟以巨翼”。但英语的动词用法是模式化的，不会随便更改，所以必然后面是两个独立名词，构成give sb/sth sth, 意思为给谁什么。后面的sufficient sustenance and progress才是它的直接宾语。而with immense wings只是the great bird的定语。在结构清晰的情况下，即使sustenance和progress有识别或词义变化的困难，我们从整个语境来看“气流给了大鸟以什么”，这个“什么”从常识来看也是不言自明的。
参考译文沿船体上升的气流和沿航线向前的气流给这种巨翼大鸟以足够的浮力和推力。
并非蛇足
补充一 动宾介
以上所概括的基本句型是大多数语法书通行的做法。但有些人还会加入另外两种基本句型。一种是主谓状；
一种是主谓宾状。
我们先不从理论上来争论这个问题，单纯从实践上看，将后者加入基本句型是非常有益的。
动+宾+状语。
此处的状语往往是介词短语。如，accuse sb of sth，主要是因为后面这个of与动词是固定搭配，可以说是动词的一种用法，也就可列入基本句型，当然就是主干的一种。把握了这样一种动词的用法，会给我们带来巨大的便利。请看下面的例子。
（The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia）that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir, who dedicated almost their lifetime to the research project, of fabricating their data
邪说：这是一个超酷的句子。有一些相关的但并非今天主题的可简略一说。
主句的结构是so„that的特殊句式，按下不表。单看that后面的那一句。
其主语是some scholars毫无疑问。理解的关键在于对accused的把握。如果只知其义：指控，读到of的时候，可能思路就断掉了。
反之，如果看到accuse就能知其用法为accuse„of„, 而且用法即确定了句型，则必先找到of才罢休，并将其连为一体，理解成“指控„„做了什么”。
故此部分核心意思为：（以至于）一些学者甚至指称博亚斯和萨丕尔伪造了他们的数据。而从who开始的定语从句的理解也是如此。Dedicate属于动宾介的内容，此词定，则句子结构定，句义已经大致定，即“将什么奉献给什么或投入到什么里面去”，找到to, 将“什么替换进去，就得到“将几乎毕生精力投入到了此项研究项目中”。
For example, you devote your saves or your clothes to the people who are stricken with the disaster, the hungry and so on.邪说：由谓语动词devote用法可知，此句主干结构为devote sth to sth/sb, 意思是“谁将什么奉献给什么/什么人”，将相关的词填进去，就得到了：你将你的积蓄或衣物奉献给那些受灾的，吃不饱的。
参考译文：比如说，你将你的积蓄或衣物献给那些受灾的人，吃不饱的人等等。
Each year it devours 200 billion dollars and deprives 3 million people of their lives.邪说：此句为并列句，前一句动词devour为单宾动词，后一句关键在于deprive, 它是一个动宾介，即deprive，即句型必定为deprive„of„, 且意为“剥夺谁的什么”或“使谁失去什么”。如果字对字去理解，就会迷失方向。
参考译文每年它吞掉2000亿，并使三百多万人失去生命。
补充二 结构变意义变
有些动词有两种以上的用法，因为可构成两种以上的句型。而且其意义也随之发生变化，因此其用法变化必须全面。
Contribute to/contribute„to„
Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.激烈的竞争可能有助于经济进步。
I contributed two stories to the summer issue.我投了两篇故事给夏季版
邪说：contribute为不及物时，contribute to意思是“促进/有助于”，而当其用作及物，即contribute„to„这样的结构，意思就成了“奉献„„给„„”，当然此对于稿件就是投稿。
Enable sth/enable sb/sth to do
Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.邪说：enable要么用作enable sb to do sth, 意为“使„„能够做什么”，要么用作enable sth, 意思是“使„„成为可能”。
参考译文伴随着信息量大量增加而来的是各种技术的发展，这种发展使得更快地储存更多的信息，向更多的地方传递更多的信息成为可能，这在以往是不可能的。
此词的两种用法曾经纠缠在一个句子里头，让不少人为之折腰。
Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages.邪说：就是一个enable, 前面跟the sending of messages via television, radio就完了，构成动宾结构，后面跟了并列宾语electronic mail之后，还有to do, 故其解释是两样的。前面是“使„„成为可能”，后面是“使„„能够„„”。
参考译文曜技术的发展使得通过电视、无线电发送信息成为可能，而且还会使得电子邮件能够为人们提供大量的信息。
万法归宗
因为：动词用法=基本句型=句子主干
所以：把握了动词用法，就可由一个动词确定句子的主干结构；
所以：学动词，必知其用法。看属于以下哪个类别。
系动词，不及物，单宾，双宾，动宾补，动宾介。
有些动词具有一种以上的用法，需要特别关注。
如此，动词定，句子大体定。
第三篇：2012届高考英语 考前冲刺常用短语句型归纳
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1．高考高频动词短语（1）act短语：
act as 担任„„职务，起„„作用 act for 代理（某人职务），代为（处理某事）act out 表演（对话、故事等）
act up 捣乱，出毛病 例如：
I acted as an interpreter while I was in Xiamen.Mr Green is acting for the old man in his case.(布格林先生代那个老人处理他的案件。)The children were acting out the story of the birth of Jesus.He’s a tough kid and he acts up a lot.（2）break短语：
break away 摆脱，脱离
break away from „ 脱离„„，奋力挣脱„„ break down 出故障，坏掉，中止，累垮，分解
break in 打断，插话，闯入，强行进入 break into „ 闯入„„，破门而入
break(sth)off（使某物）折断，中断某事物，突然停止 break out（战争、火灾）突然发生，爆发
break out in tears 突然大哭
break the rule 违反规定
break through 突围，冲跨 break up 分解，分裂，拆散，碎开
例如: The thief broke away from the police, but was later caught.If you keep on working like that, you’ll break down sooner or later.The car broke down just on my way here.If anyone tries to break in, the alarm will go off.If anyone tries to break into the building, the alarm will go off.She broke off a bit of bread and dipped it in the soup.I broke off the conversation and answered the phone.Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks out? It may take a long time to break through the problem.In spring the icebergs begin to break up.（3）bring短语：
bring about 引起，导致，使发生
bring along 把„„带来，领来 bring back 拿回来，使恢复
bring sb back 送回某人 bring sth / sb back to life 使„„生动/活泼，使„„苏醒（比较：sth / sb come back to life 复苏，苏醒）
bring down 使„„降低，减少，使„„倒下，使„„落下
bring down / up(the price)降价／提价 [比较：(the price)go down / up 价格下降 /上涨] bring in 引进（技术），赚钱，带来（收入），吸收 bring on 发展，引起，导致，使前进
bring out 拿出，出版，生产，揭露，阐明，使表现出 bring to 使苏醒
bring „ to use = put „to use 对„„加以利用
bring / carry sth to / into effect 实施„„（比较：sth come / go into effect 开始实施）bring up 抚养，培养，哺育
例如： A huge amount of environmental damage has been brought about by the destruction of the rainforests.亿库教育网
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http://www.xiexiebang.com You’re welcome to bring along a friend.The government hopes these measures will help to bring down inflation(通货膨胀).American country music brings in more than $10 billion each year.This new kind of technology was brought in in the early 1980s.Stress can bring on(=lead to / result in)headaches and other illnesses.Jenny opened the cupboard and brought out a couple of bottles.He was brought up by his grandparents.（4）call短语：
call at(sp)访问（某地），拜访（某地）[比较：call on(sb)拜访（某人），访问（某人）] call back 回电话
call for 提倡，号召，要求，需要，去接某人，接走某人
call / shout for help 呼救
call in 请来，召集，来访，打电话
call off 取消
call on / upon 号召 call out 大声呼喊，叫喊
call sb„for short 简称某人„„
call sb names 谩骂某人
call up 给„„打电话，使人想起，号召 例如：
We called at Mike’s house yesterday.All ships sailing on the oceans call for help by radio in English.I’ll call for my uncle at Beijing Railway Station.Let’s call in a doctor for the little girl.Many of these songs called on / upon the workers to take up the struggle.I shall call on him tomorrow.I heard somebody calling out to me from downstairs.Call me up tomorrow;my number is 536291.Your letter calls up the days when we worked together fifteen years ago.Due to the bad weather, the sports meeting has been called off.（5）come短语：
come about 发生，产生
come across 偶然相遇 come along 来，随同，进展，加油 come at „ 向„„袭击
come back 回来，想起来，复活
come down 下来，下落，传下 come down to„ 到达，从一处来到另一处
come for„ 来拿，来取
come from„ 来自，出生于
come in 进来，进入
come into being 形成，产生
come into use 使用起来 come off 脱落，从„„离开
come on 过来，跟我来，加油，来吧，赶快
come on / upon sb / sth 偶然遇见，偶然碰上，偶然发现 come out 露出，出来，出现，出版，发（芽），（花）开
come over to„ 过来，顺便来访，从一个地方来到另一个地方 come round / around（非正式）来访，串门
come to „ 来到，出现，提及，达到，共计，结果是，苏醒
come to an end 结束，终止 come to know 逐渐地知道
come to life（变得）活泼，苏醒过来 come to light 显露，为人所知
come to oneself 苏醒过来，恢复知觉 come to / into power 当权，上台
come / go to ruin = fall into ruin 变成废墟 come to terms with„ 甘心忍受
come true 变为现实，成为事实
come up 被提出，上来，走来，上升，抬头，长出来
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http://www.xiexiebang.com come up to sb 朝某人走来
come up with „ 提出，想出（主意），找出（答案），赶上 例如：
A number of educational reforms have come about as a result of the report.I came across an old friend of mine in the street the other day.Your English is coming along really well.Come along / on!Don’t give up yet!
Come along / on!We’re all waiting for you!Suddenly, he came at me with a knife.Now, let’s come back to what I was saying a moment ago.It is impossible for a dead animal to come back.Snow was coming down so thickly that I could hardly see through the window.The airplane came down in that field.Where does the film star come from, do you know? Mr Smith came in in a hurry, book in hand(= with a book in his hand).The law first came into being in 1912.By the time he came to / into power in 1951, he was already seventy.How long is it since the electronic computer came into use? The button came off, but he didn’t notice it.There is no doubt that the truth will come out one day.The trees turn green and flowers come out.This magazine comes out once a month.Why don’t you come around / round for lunch?
Some day you’ll come to know the mistakes you have made.If they don’t come to a decision by midnight, the talks will be abandoned.I’ve forgotten her name, but maybe it’ll come to me later.The bill came to £480 in total.His dream of becoming a film star came true at last.A child came up to me and showed me the way.The same problems came up at the meeting yesterday.They came up with the same problems at the meeting yesterday.Searching through the drawer, I came upon the letter I’d been looking for.（6）cut短语：
cut away 切除，剪去
cut down 砍倒，砍下，削减 cut in 插嘴，加塞，插入 cut in line 插队
cut „ into pieces / halves 把„„切成碎片/切成两半 cut off 切断（线路），中断（供应）cut out 删除，剪下来
cut the cost of „ 降低„„的成本 cut up 切碎，剪碎，剁碎，齐根切掉 例如：
He cut away some branches, making it look more beautiful.A lot of trees there were cut down in the past.The electricity was cut off because of the storm.He was sentenced to death and had his head cut off the next day.Could you cut the pizza up, please?（7）do短语：
do about 处理，应付
do and don’t 要与不要
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http://www.xiexiebang.com do a good deed 做一件好事 do a lot of walking 走很多路 do a test 做实验，做化验
do a word puzzle 猜字谜 do an experiment / experiments 做实验 do away with 废除
do body-building 做健身操
do chores 处理琐事，干家务 do housework 做家务活
do make-up 化妆，打扮
do observations 观察
do one’s best 尽某人最大努力
do one’s homework 做作业
do research on„ 从事„„研究工作 do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙
do sb honor = do honor to sb 礼遇某人，对某人表示敬意 do sb the favour to do sth 帮某人一个忙做某事 do some reading 读书，阅读，看点书
do some shopping = go shopping 购物，买东西
do sports = have / play sports = take exercise 进行体育运动，做运动，进行锻炼 do sth in turn / by turns = take turns to do sth / in doing sth 轮流做某事 do telephone interviews 进行电话采访 do the laundry 洗衣服
do up 打扮，梳妆，收拾，把（衣服，鞋子等）扣/系好 do up one’s shoes / hair 系好鞋带/梳好头 do up the button 扣纽扣
do well / better in„ 在„„方面干得好/更好 do with 处理，处置，对付
do wrong 做坏事，做错事（比较：do right = do the right thing 做得对）
例如：
To tell the truth, I don’t know how to do with him.I’ll have nothing to do with him from now on.What did you do with that camera you found? The poisonous waste may do great harm to the things around us.Eat more fruit;it will do good to you.I think I can do better in English this year than last year.Liszt said, “You’ve done wrong, but I can see you are truly sorry about it.” I’m going to do my best this year.I was only trying to do a good deed.（8）get短语：
get a better understanding of China 更好地了解中国
get a full mark / full marks 得满分 get a lot of satisfaction 得到满足 get at 意指，本意是
get around = get about 四处走动，活动 get away 移走，拿走，逃脱，逃离 get away from 逃脱，逃离 get back 回来，回家，取回，找回，退还
get close to 接近
get down 下来，降下
get down on one’s knees 跪下
get down to(doing)sth 开始（做）某事）get in 进入，收获，达到
get in a word 插话 get into„ 进入„„
get sb into„ 使某人陷入 get it 接（电话），应（门），理解，懂得 get off 下车，脱下（衣服等）
get on 上车，过活
get on / along with„ 进展，与„„相处
get on one’s feet（艰难地）站立起来 get out 离开，出去
get out of 逃避，避免
get over 克服，恢复，原谅
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http://www.xiexiebang.com get up 起床，起身
get across 理解，度过 get through 接通（电话），完成（工作），通过（考试）
get to 到达，抵达
get to sleep 入睡，设法睡着 get / gain / take possession of 占有，拥有，占领 get ready for 为„„做准备
（比较：be ready for = be well prepared for = be in preparation for 为„„做好了准备）get rid of 除掉，去掉
get sb to do 让某人做
get the idea for„ 想到„„的主意
get the message across 传播信息 get together 相聚，碰头，联欢
get / be used to sth习惯于„„，适应于„„（比较：be used as sth 被用作„„
be used for sth 被用于„„，用来做„„ be used to do sth 被用于做„„ used to do sth 过去常常做）
get / be dressed 穿衣服
get / be engaged(to sb)（与某人）订婚 get / be lost 丢失了，迷路
get / be married(to sb)= marry(sb)（与某人）结婚 get / be stuck 陷进去，被困住，被难住，遇到困难 get / be tired of 对„„感到厌倦，对„„失去兴趣（比较：get / be tired for 因„„而感到疲倦）例如：
I’m getting on well with my classmates now.How are you getting along with your English? He got the book away from her.The bank robbers used a stolen car to get away.When did you get back from the countryside? Have you got back the book you lent him? “Get down on your knees,” said the Genie, “for I am going to kill you.” The dust has got into my eyes.This mistake may get him into difficulties.Before I could get in a word he had measured me, and was giving orders for evening suits.If you knock into someone, or get into his way, you should say, “Excuse me.” or “I’m sorry.” When you are in London, you might get in touch with a friend of mine.The conductor got off and checked the rails.She got on her bicycle and cycled off.You work too hard!You should get out a bit more.If you don’t want to go, I suppose I can get rid of the ticket.We all try to get together at least once a year at Christmas time.It took us only four minutes to get through the Customs(海关).I telephoned him, but I just couldn’t get through to him.She felt so cold that she got close to her mother.It’s time we got down to work.The theatre was already full, and we couldn’t get in.The peasants are busy getting in the crops.We didn’t get up until lunch time.亿库教育网
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http://www.xiexiebang.com He got up and walked over to the window.（9）give短语：
give away 赠送，给予，背弃，泄露，分发
give back 归还，送回
give in 投降，让步，屈服
give off 释放，发出，放出(烟、光、热等)give out 用完，耗尽，分发，发放 give over = hand over 转交，移交 give up 放弃，辞去
give a concert 开音乐会
give a description of„ 描述„„
give / make a speech 演讲，讲话 give a talk 演讲，做报告
give birth to 生婴儿，生产，造成
give close attention to 密切关注
give medical care to sb 对某人进行治疗 give shade in summer 夏天时遮阳 give / lend sb a hand 给某人帮助 give sb a message = give a message to sb 给某人捎个口信
give sb a second look 再看某人一眼
give sb a warm welcome 热烈欢迎某人
give sb some advice on sth / doing sth / how to do sth 就„„向某人提出建议/忠告 例如：
In those days, he used to give away a part of his income to help his friend.Remember not to give it away to anyone else;it’s a secret.Both sides argued with reason, and neither would give in.If they are burned, they will give off poisonous gases.When they made ready to climb the next ridge(山脊), they found that their oxygen had given out.Our English teacher is giving out the test papers.Both the man and the horse gave out after the long ride.All hope of finding the missing aircraft was given up and the search stopped.Mary had to give up her job after her marriage.Mr Black will give us a talk on how to learn English well this afternoon.Could you give us some advice on reading? If you won’t have it changed, please give my money back.（10）go短语：
go abroad 出国
go about 四处走走，开始做，着手干 go about from house to house 挨/逐家拜访 go against 违反，违背 go ahead 说吧，干吧，领先，走在前面 go / walk around 四处走走 go away 走开，离去
go back 回去
go beyond 超越
go by 走过，经过，（时间）消逝，过去 go down 下来，落下，倒下
go down on one’s knees 跪下 go for 为„„去，努力获取，主张，适用于 go for a hike = go hiking 去徒步旅行
go for a job interview 去面试找工作 go for a walk / walks 散步
go for sb 对某人也一样
go in for 参加，喜欢 go into 详细调查
go into details 细说 go off 走开，离去，（闹钟）闹响
go off to = be off to = leave for 动身去 go off the air 停止广播（比较：go on the air 开始广播）
go on 发生，进行，继续
go / be on diet 在节食
go on(a)holiday 去度假
go on a tour to 去„„观光（游览）go on a visit to 去„„访问（参观）
go on doing sth 继续做某事（同一事）
[比较：go on to do sth 继续做某事（另一事）
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http://www.xiexiebang.com go on with sth 继续某事] go out 熄灭，出去，外出
go over 复习，过一遍，仔细检查，审阅 go past 从„„的旁边过去
go up 上升，上涨，增长，攀登 go with„ 与„„相配
go without 忍受没有„„之苦，没有„„也行，没有„„也能勉强应付
go shopping / fishing / sailing / camping / skating 去购物/钓鱼/驾船航行/宿营/滑冰 go straight along 沿着„„一直往前走
go through 通过，经受，浏览，仔细检查 go through with 完成 go to bed（上床）睡觉
go to school / work 上学/上班 go to sea 当水手
go to sleep 入睡
go to town 进城
go to a movie 去看电影
go to the country(side)下乡
go home / there 回家/去那儿
go to see a doctor 去看病，去看医生 go bad 变坏 go wrong 出毛病，不对头，做错事，误入歧途 go Dutch 各付各的帐，平摊费用 例如：
No one dared to go against the rules.—Do you mind if I open the window? / Do you mind my opening the window? —No, go ahead.I went away /off wondering if I’d said anything wrong.I’m afraid the fish has gone bad.Things will get easier as time goes by.He went by quickly, taking no notice of us.If you really want the job, go for it!Close all the doors and lock them when you go out.The same goes for windows.I go in for all the competitions.After a short pause, Maria went on with her story.Suddenly the candle went out.Once again I went over exactly what I needed to say.Let’s go over what we learned last period.Do you want me to go through this and check your spellings? Unemployment in that country has gone up by a million.It is possible to go without food for a few days.Something’s gone wrong with my watch;I must have it repaired.（11）have短语：
have a break 休息一下
have a bright future 有一个灿烂的未来 have(got)a cold / cough / headache / fever 感冒/咳嗽/头疼/发烧 have a conversation with sb 与某人交谈 [比较：have a dialogue with sb 与某人对话
have a talk with sb(about sth)（就某事）与某人进行交流
have a word with sb = would like a word with sb 和某人谈几句，跟某人说句话] have a gift for„ 对„„有天赋（比较：have a reputation for„ 有„„名誉/名声）have a good flight（坐飞机）旅途愉快
have a good knowledge of „ 对„„很熟悉，通晓„„ have a good laugh over„ 对„„笑了个够
have a good / great / wonderful time = have(great)fun 玩得（非常）高兴，过得愉快
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http://www.xiexiebang.com have a / the habit of „= be in a / the habit of„ 有„„的习惯（比较：get into / form the habit of„ 养成„„的习惯 get sb into the habit of„ 使某人养成„„的习惯）
have a hit 风靡一时
have a large population 人口众多
have / take a look 看一看
have a meeting / party 开会/举行晚会 have a nice / pleasant trip / journey 祝旅途愉快 have(got)a pain(in the„)（身体某部位）痛
have a part-time job 做兼职工作
have a(good)rest 休息
have / take a seat 坐下（比较：have / take one’s seat 坐某人的座位）have a stomachache 胃疼，肚子疼 have a sweet tooth 喜欢吃甜食
have a swim 游泳
have a table tennis match 举行一场乒乓球比赛 have a test 进行测验
have a try 试一试
have / show an appetite for„ 有„„的欲望或爱好
have / make an appointment with sb 和某人有预约, 和某人有约定 have an effect on / upon„ 对„„有影响，对„„产生作用（比较：influence„ = affect „ 对„„有影响 have no effect / influence on „ 对„„没有影响 have a good / bad effect on „ 对„„有好/坏影响
have a great / little effect on „ 对„„有很大的影响/影响不大 have a strong influence on„ 对„„有很大影响）
have / take an exam 参加考试
have an eye for 有眼力，有眼光 have an income of „ 有„„的收入
have access to „ 使用（接近„„的）权利或机会 have breakfast / lunch / supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭 have lessons / classes 上课
have mercy on„ 宽恕„„，对„„仁慈，对„„表示怜悯
have no chance of surviving 没有生存的可能性
have no choice but to do sth 别无选择，只好做某事
have none of „ 根本不理睬„„
have on 穿着
have sth on sb 某人身上带着某物 have / take one’s medicine 服药，吃药 have some difficulty / trouble / problems with „ 在„„有困难/麻烦事
[比较：have some difficulty / trouble / problems(in)doing sth 做某事有困难/麻烦] have something / nothing in common(with„)（与„„）有共同点／没有共同之处（比较：have much / a lot in common with„ 与„„有许多相同之处 have little in common with„ 与„„几乎没有相同之处）have something / nothing to do with „ 与„„有关／无关 have to = have got to 不得不，必须
例如：
Class is over.Let’s have a break.I’ve got a cough.Dad and I had a good laugh over that.They are having a good time.He stopped to have a look.We are going to have a table tennis match tomorrow afternoon.Are we going to have a meeting this week? Here is a tree.Let me have a rest.亿库教育网
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http://www.xiexiebang.com Are you going to have a swim？ We’ll have a test tomorrow.Where is Peter? I want to have a word with him.Does she have lunch at home？
Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.He knew about the order, he knew why the soldiers were there, but he would have none of it.We have four lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.Most of his questions have nothing to do with his lessons.I noticed that he had on bedroom slippers.Please come here and have my seat, Granny.He hasn’t had any medicine.At three fifty in the afternoon we have sports.（12）hold短语：
hold a meeting / party 开会/举行晚会
hold back 退缩，踌躇，阻挡，控制住 hold one’s breath 屏息，不出气
hold on 等一等，不要挂电话 hold on to 抓住，保住
hold out 伸出，坚持下去，维持 hold up 阻挡，使停顿，举起，拿起，阻滞 hold together 连在一起，团结一致
例如：
Anger flooded through her.She couldn’t hold it back.—Could I speak to Mr Smith? —Hold on, please.The little boy held out his hands.I think water supplies won’t hold out much longer.Sorry, I’m late.I was held up at work.（13）keep短语：
keep away from 避开，别靠近
keep back 隐瞒，忍住，阻止„„向前，留下 keep down 控制
keep off 勿踏，勿踩 keep off sb / sth 不接触或不接近某人/某事物
keep on 继续进行
keep out 不得入内
keep„out 把„„挡住，把„„留在外面keep out of „ 不进入„„
keep up 继续，保持，坚持，使（情绪等）不低落 keep up with„ = catch up with„ 跟上，赶上
keep a date 赴约
keep a healthy diet 保持健康的饮食 keep a record / records 保持记录
keep an eye on 注视，留心，注意，照顾
（比较：keep an eye out for 注视，留心，注意）
keep busy doing 忙着做某事
keep fit 保持健康
keep„in mind = learn„by heart = remember„ 把„„记住 keep(on)doing sth 继续不停地做某事
[比较：keep sb doing sth 使某人一直/继续做某事 keep „ from doing 阻止„„做，不让„„做
stop / prevent„(from)doing 妨碍/预防/阻止„„做，不让„„做] keep one’s appointment 守约（比较：break one’s appointment 违约）
keep one’s balance 保持平衡
keep one’s word(s)遵守诺言
keep safe 保持安全
keep silent over „ 对„„保持沉默 keep the same look 保持原貌
keep watch 保持警戒，站岗
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http://www.xiexiebang.com 例如：
I would have been here sooner, but the rainstorm kept me back.Every week there was a rebellion（造反）somewhere, and the Austrian soldiers were kept busy hurrying from one town to another in order to put down the rebellions.While Leonov was outside the ship, he kept in touch by telephone with his companion and with the earth.He kept on telling us the same story over and over.You may depend on his doing what he says, for he is a person who always keeps his words.Danger!Keep out!Will this overcoat keep the rain out? It is also bad manners to keep silent when the teacher asks you a question.The rain kept up all night.I see you are getting along well with your English studies.Keep up the good work.The good news keeps our spirits up.He walked so fast that I could hardly keep up with him.Every few hundred meters along the wall there are watch-towers, where soldiers used to keep watch.There is a sign there saying, “Keep off the grass.”（14）knock短语：
knock at /on 敲打（门、窗等）
knock down 把„„撞倒，击倒
knock into 撞到，撞上某人，偶然碰见 knock sb out(of sth)淘汰某人
knock over 撞翻，撞倒 例如：
We knocked at / on the door but there was no one there.He was in hospital last night after being knocked down by a car.Tom entered the classroom hurriedly and knocked into Mr.White.He almost knocked into me before he realized it.If no one answers the front door, try knocking at the back door.（15）look短语：
look at 看着，注视，检查
look at oneself in the mirror = admire oneself in the mirror 照镜子 look after 照顾，照料，照看
look ahead 向前看，展望未来
look around / about 四处看看，四下环顾 look back 回首，回忆，回顾过去
look back on„ 回顾„„，回忆„„
look forward to sth /doing sth 盼望，期盼某事物/做某事 look for 寻找，找
look in 来访，参观 look into„ 往„„里面看，浏览，调查，研究 look(right)into sb’s eyes 直视着
look like„ 看起来像„„（比较：look the same 看起来像）look on 旁观，观望
look out = be careful = take care 留神，当心，注意，警惕，提防 look out for 警惕，留心，找出来 look over„ 翻阅，（仔细）检查
look through 看透，仔细查看，浏览，翻阅，温习look up 仰视，往上看，（在字典或参考书中）查阅，查寻
look up to sb 敬仰，仰望，尊敬（比较：look down on / upon sb 瞧不起，鄙视，轻视）look / be worried 看上去/感到担心 例如：
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http://www.xiexiebang.com The boy is old enough to look after himself.He spent two weeks in Shanghai, looking around / about the city.We are looking forward to hearing from you soon.Join us.Don’t just look on.They all looked on him as a member of their family.Look out!There is danger ahead.I shall look out that I don’t trust him again.He looked through his notes before writing the report.Look through these photographs and try to pick out the man you see.I must look up the time of your train.A fox came to the tree and looked up at the cock.I’ve always looked up to Bill for his courage and determination.（16）make短语：
make into 制成，作成（后面跟产品，制成品）[比较：be made in 在„„生产/制造
be made of 由„„组成/构成，用某种原材料制成（物理变化）be made from 由„„组成/构成，用某种原材料制成（化学变化）be made up of = consist of 由„„组成，由„„构成] make out 理解，看清楚
make up 化妆，打扮，和解，配制，编造，虚构，构成，组成
make up for 弥补，补充，补偿
made up one’s mind 下决心 make a choice 做出选择
make a commitment 承诺，保证 make a comment / comments(on / upon„)（对„„）发表评论
make a(great)contribution to„ 为„„做出（巨大）贡献，为„„捐款
make a decision 做出决定
make a(no)difference（没）有关系/影响 make a face / faces 扮鬼脸
make a fire 生火 make a film / blockbuster／follow-ups 拍电影/巨片／续集
make a fool of sb = fool sb 愚弄某人（比较：make fool of „ 愚弄）make / leave / create a good impression(on sb)（给某人）留下好印象 make a mistake / mistakes 犯错误
make(a)noise 制造噪音，发出令人不愉快的声音 make a note / notes of„ 记录，做笔记，记下来
make a plan(for„)（为„„）制订计划，制订一个（„„的）计划 make a point of doing sth 认为做某事重要或有必要 make a promise 承诺
make a record 录制唱片，做记录
（比较：record a song 录一首歌
set a world record 创造世界记录）
make(a)suggestion(on „)提出（关于„„）的建议
make a telephone call 打电话
make / take a trip / journey to „ 去某地旅行 make conversation 交谈
make(both)ends meet 使收支相抵
make friends with sb 与某人交朋友
make fun of„ 取笑，嘲笑，和„„开玩笑 make it（事业上）获得成功
make jokes about sb 拿某人开玩笑，以某人为笑柄
make mistake about„ 犯了„„错误
make / earn money 挣钱
make oneself at home 不拘束，别客气 make oneself known 使/让自己出名
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http://www.xiexiebang.com make one’s way to„ 往„„走去 make progress(in „)（在„„方面）取得进步 make sense 有意义，有道理，讲得通 make sense of„ 弄懂„„的意思 make sth to(one’s own)measure（按自己的尺寸）定做 make sure 确保，确认，查明
make the adjustment to„ 适应„„
make the / one’s bed 整理床铺
make(full)use of „= make the most / best of „(充分)利用 例如：
Bamboo is also made into paper.Our desks and chairs are made of wood.The paper for books and newspapers also is made from wood.This engine is made up of 490 parts.The actor made himself up for the part of an old man.These days many girls make up when they are still quite young.She made up a good lunch from bits and pieces.There isn’t any little girl called Kitty here.He has just made her up.Hard work can often make up for lack of intelligence.Everyone should make full use of time.But wait till you see what we’ll make for you to your own measure.I have made up my mind, and nothing you say will change it.They made fun of my mistakes when I tried to speak English.（17）pass短语：
pass away 去世，死（委婉说法）
pass by 通过，从旁边经过 pass down 传下来，流传，使世代相传，一代一代传下去 pass on(to sb)转交给(某人)，传给(某人)pass on from one generation to the next 一代代流传下来
pass out 失去知觉，昏厥
pass through 穿过，越过 pass sth from one to another 把某事物从一人传到另一人手上 pass the examination 通过考试 例如：
Dr Johnson passed away last night.They all waved to us as they passed by.The tradition has been passed down from father to son for generations.She said she’d pass the message on to the other students.I nearly passed out when I saw the blood.（18）pay短语：
pay attention to „ 对„„注意，留心„„
pay a visit to sb / a place 访问，拜访（某人），参观（某地）pay back 偿还（借款），报答，报复
pay for 付款，付费，付代价（比较：pay a high price for „ 付高价）pay off 还清（欠款）
pay sb a visit 拜访某人 pay the bill 买单，付帐单 例如：
He promised to pay the money back by Friday.The old in our city don’t need to pay for transport.After ten years of hard work he paid off all his debts at last.亿库教育网
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http://www.xiexiebang.com（19）pick短语： pick out 挑选，认出
pick up 拾起，接收，学会（语言），开车去接，康复，购买（便宜商品）例如：
His story was picked out as the best by the judges.The phone rang and I picked it up.I’ll pick you up at the station.I managed to pick up an American news broadcast.After a short break they picked up the topic they talked about earlier.I picked up the unusual stamp by accident.I picked up a few words of Greek when I was there last year.（20）put短语：
put away 将某物收拾起来，存钱，储存，存起来 put down 扑灭，平息，镇压，记下
put forward 提出，建议，推荐
put off 延期，拖延 put on（戏）上演，放（唱片），穿戴 put on a performance 演出 put out 扑灭，熄灭，使„„停止燃烧，伸出，出版，生产 put up 挂起，张贴，举起，抬起，搭起，建立
put up with 忍受，容忍
put into 使进入，输入，投入
put／translate„into 把„„译成put one’s heart into„ 全神贯注于„„ put sb in / into prison 把某人关进监狱 put „to use 使用„„，运用„„
put a date to sth 注明日期
（比较：set / fix the date 确定日期 to date 到目前为止）
put an end to „ 结束„„
put „together 把„„放在一起 例如：
We put away the tools before we leave the workshop.All the medical workers in the region helped to put down the influenza epidemic（流感）.Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.We are putting the play on again next week owing to its success.The firemen soon put the fire out.The doctor told me to put out my tongue.It’s time that we put up the Christmas decorations（装饰物）in the living room.Drop your weapons and put your hands up.Another supermarket has been put up near our house.I can’t put up with a lot of noisy people when I am working.The government is putting more money into education this year.As students, we should put our heart into studies.（21）send短语：
send away 让走开
send for sb 派人去请某人，请某人来 send in 寄送某处进行处理
send out 派遣，发出（信号、通知等）send up 发射，射出，往上送
send sb to sleep 让某人睡觉 send signals by „ 通过„„发送信号 例如：
Get back into bed.I’ll send for the doctor.The ship is in danger;it is sending out an SOS signal.亿库教育网
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http://www.xiexiebang.com The rocket will be sent up tomorrow morning.（22）set短语：
set about(doing)sth 着手，开始 set aside 留出，搁/放在一边
set down 放下，记下
set off 出发，起程，引起爆炸，激起，引起 set out(for„)出发往（„„），动身去（„„）
set out to do 开始做，着手做
set up 创立，设立，开办，竖起，支起 set /give a(good)example to„ 为„„树立（好）榜样
set a goal 设定目标
set fire to sth = set sth on fire 纵火，放火烧 set foot on / in„ 踏上„„，到达，进入 set one’s mind to do sth 一心想做 set sail for 起航去„„
set sail from 从„„起航 set sb a good example in „ 在„„为某人树立榜样 set sb free 释放某人，解放某人
例如：
As soon as she arrived, she set about tidying up（整理）the room.Try to set aside some time each day for exercise.They’ve set off on a trip round the world.Together the four men set out to look for the lost animal.He set out to write a history of civilization（文明）.We’ll certainly set up a complete modern industrial system.A few scarecrows（稻草人）were set up in the field.Let’s set up the tent first, and build the fire later.The police are trying to find out who set fire to the building last night.He was set free after three years in prison.Comrade Lei Feng set a good example to us all.（23）stand短语：
stand by sb = support sb = take sb’s side 支持某人
stand for 代表，表示，象征，容忍，支持/拥护，为„„的候选人 stand out 突出，显眼
stand up 起立，站起来 stand still = stay still 站着不动 例如：
CPC stands for the Communist Party of China.Stand still, and let me take a picture of you.（24）take短语：
take after 与某人相像
take along 带领，携带
take „ apart = separate „ 把„„分开 take away 拿走，拿去，使离开
take away from„ 从„„带／拿走 take back 退回，拿回，收回
take down 拿下，记下，记录
take for„ 当作„„，误以为是„„
take in 吸收，接纳，上当
take off（飞机）起飞，脱掉（衣帽/鞋），成名，成功，很快上升，开始流行/畅销 take on 呈现
take out 拿出，取出 take over 继承，接管，接替
take up 从事，开始，专注于，占去（时间、空间、地位等）
take a bank loan 向银行贷款
take a bath 洗澡
take a chance / chances 碰运气，冒险
take a critical attitude towards„ 对„„持批判态度
take a few deep breaths 深呼吸 take / have a degree in „ 取得„„学位
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http://www.xiexiebang.com take a hands-on approach to education 通过动手实践的方式来进行接受教育 take a message(to sb)（给某人）捎个口信
比较：leave a message(to sb)（给某人）留个口信 take a photo(of „)（给„„）照相，拍（„„）照片
take a risk / risks 冒险
take a shower 沐浴，洗澡
take a sip 呡一小口
take a taxi to...= go to...by taxi 乘出租车 take a walk / ride / holiday 散步／兜风／休假 take(an)interest in „ 对„„感兴趣
（比较：be into = be interested in 对„„感兴趣 have / show interest in 对„„感兴趣）take advantage of 对„„加以利用
take „ by surprise 对„„突然袭击，出乎„„意料
take care 小心, 注意
take care of 照顾，照看 take effect 生效，奏效
take exercise 运动，活动
take „ for example 以„„为例
take / get / catch hold of 握住，抓住 take it easy 放心好了，别着急，从容，不紧张 take...into consideration 顾及，考虑到，体谅（比较：under consideration 在考虑中，在研究中）
take lessons 上课
take notes 做笔记，做记录 take notice of 注意
take one’s seat 就座，坐在自己位子上（转义为就职）
take one’s time 从容，不急，慢慢行动 [比较：take time 花费（时间）] take part 参加
（比较：take part in„ = join in„ = participate in„ 参加„„ take an active part in„ 积极参加„„）take place 发生，出现，举行
[比较：take the place of „ = take sb’s place 取代，代替（某人的位置）] take pride in „= be proud of„ 对„„感到自豪
take responsibility for „ = be responsible for „ 对„„负起责任 take sb in the arms 拥抱，搂抱
take / hold / keep sb prisoner 囚禁/俘虏某人
（比较：sb be taken / held / kept prisoner 某人被囚禁/俘虏）take sb seriously 看重某人
take sb some time to do sth 花费某人„„时间去做某事
take sb’s temperature 给某人量体温 take sth along with sb 随身携带某物 take shelter 躲避
take sides with sb in sth 在某事上支持/偏袒某人
take steps / measures / action to do sth 采取措施做某事，采取（„„的）行动 take turns to do sth / in doing sth 轮流做某事 例如：
I’m sorry.I’ll take back what I said.Take care!The car is coming.My plane takes off at 11:00 sharp.We can’t have such a big table in this small room.It takes up too much room.（25）think短语：
think about 思考，考虑（是否去做）
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http://www.xiexiebang.com think of 想到，想起，认为，对„„有看法/想法
think out 想出
think over 仔细考虑
think through„ 思考„„直到得出结论 think up 提出，想出，设计出 think twice 再三考虑，仔细考虑
think highly / well of = speak highly of = sing high praise for 对„„高度评价 例如：
I’m sorry.I can’t think out your name.When I was in the States, I often thought of my friend Li Hua.Think it over, and you’ll find a way.（26）turn短语：
turn against 转而反对，背叛
turn around / round 转身，转过来 turn „ away 赶走„„，辞退„„，把„„打发走
turn on 打开（灯，气，水，电器等）turn off 关掉（灯，气，水，电器等）turn up 把音量开大，卷起，翻起，发生，出现，到达 turn down 关小/调低（音量／热度），拒绝 turn over 把„„翻过来，翻动，犁翻（土地），细想
turn in 交进，上缴，归还
turn into 变成 turn„into„ 把„„变成„„，转变成 turn to„ 转向„„，向„„求助，查阅 turn out 结果是，生产
turn out to be 被证明是, 结果是
turn right / left 向右/向左拐
turn writer = become a writer 成为作家 例如：
Those who were once for him have turned against him.Turn in everything captured（缴获的）.I’m going to turn my garage into a playroom for the children.Be sure to turn off the lights when you leave the room.Shall I turn on the bath water for you? He turned the meat over in the pan（平底锅）.They always turn to me when they are in trouble.His attention turned to the pretty young girl.Turn the radio down a little.I can scarcely hear the program.He turned the coat collar（衣领）up because of the wind.Something will turn up to get you out of the difficulty.2．以介词或副词为中心的动词短语（便于强化记忆）（l）动词+about tear at 用力撕 speak／talk about 谈论 look at 看，注视 think about 思考 work at 干„„活动（研究）care about 关心，对„„有兴趣 come at 向„„袭击 bring about 引起，使发生 shout at 冲(某人)嚷嚷 set about 着手，开始 stare at 凝视 come about 发生 glare at 怒视 hear about 听说 glance at 匆匆一瞥 worry about 为„„担心 laugh at 嘲笑（2）动词+at knock at 敲（门、窗等）aim at 向„„瞄准，旨在 point at 指向 run at 冲向，向„„攻击 smile at 冲（某人）笑 call at 拜访(地点)strike at 向„„打击
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http://www.xiexiebang.com shoot at 向„„射击 wonder at 惊讶（3）动词+away die away 逐渐消失
put away 收拾起来，存起来 pass away 去世 wash away 冲走 take away 拿走
give away 背弃，泄漏 send away 让走开
turn away 把„„打发走 wear away 磨掉，消耗 throw away 扔掉 blow away 吹走
carry away 拿走，使入迷 clear away 清除掉，消散 break away 摆脱（4）动词+back keep back 隐瞒，忍住 hold back 控制住 give back 归还 call back 回电话
take back 拿回，收回 look back(on)回顾（5）动词+down cut down 削减，砍倒
put down 记下，写下，镇压 take down 记下，记录 turn down 调小，拒绝 slow down 慢下来 pass down 传下来
calm down平静下来 burn down 烧毁
tear down 拆毁，拆除 come down 下落，传下
break down 坏了，垮了，分解 bring down 使„„降低，使倒下 settle down 安家（6）动词+from die from 因„„而死 hear from 收到„„来信 learn from 向„„学习differ from 与„„不同 suffer from 受„„苦 result from 由于
separate„from 把„„分离开 亿库教育网keep／stop／prevent„from 不让„„做
date from=date back to 始于„„时期，追溯到（7）动词+for run for 竞选 ask for 要求得到 beg for 乞求 wait for 等候 look for 寻找
call for 需要，要求 hunt for 寻找 long for 渴望
care for 关心，喜欢 seek for 寻找
come for 来拿，来取 apply for 申请
stand for 代表，表示 search for 查找
change„for 用„„换 charge„for 收费，要价 take„for 误以为„„是 hope/wish for 希望得到（8）动词十in
get in 收获，进入 fill in 填写 cut in 插入 join in 参加
look in 来访，参观 hand in 上交 drop in 拜访 give in 让步
take in 接纳，吸收 call in 召集，来访
bring in 引进，使得到收入 break in 强制进入，插话 result in 导致
succeed in 在„„获成功 persist in 坚持（9）动词十into run into 碰到
look into 研究，调查，往里面看 burst into 闯入，进发 turn into 变成
change„into 把„„变成 divide„into 把„„分成
put／translate„into 把„„译成（l0）动词+of
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http://www.xiexiebang.com die of 死于 talk of 谈到 hear of 听说 think of 想到 dream of 梦到 speak of 谈到
consist of 由„„组成 approve of 赞成 complain of 抱怨
become of 发生„„情况，怎么啦（l1）动词+out go out 熄灭
set out 出发，着手 try out 试用，试验 put out 扑灭 run out 用完
let out 泄漏，发出(声音)pick out 选出 hold out 坚持下去
wear out 穿破，使„„疲劳 make out 理解，看清楚
keep out(of)使不进入，挡住 find out 查出，弄明白 work out 算出，想出办法等 send out 发出，派遣
give out 散发，分发，用完 look out 当心，提防 hand out 散发，分发 help out 救助
turn out 结果是，生产 come out 出版，出来 cross out 划掉 burst out 进发 carry out 执行 break out 爆发 point out 指出 figure out 算出
bring out 阐明，使表现出 leave out 省略，删掉 speak out 大胆讲出（l2）动词+over go over 审阅，检查，研究 get over 克服
run over 压死，看一遍 take over 接管，接替 turn over 翻倒，细想 亿库教育网fall over 跌倒，摔倒 roll over 翻滚
look over 翻阅，检查 think over 仔细考虑 watch over 看守，照看（l3）动词十to add to 增添 get to 到达
see to 处理，料理
turn to 向„„求助，查阅 come to 共计，苏醒 lead to 导致，通向 reply to 答复
refer to 谈到，涉及，参阅 bring to 使苏醒 agree to 同意 object to 反对 point to 指向 write to 写信给
relate to 理解，同情，涉及，（与„„）有关 attend to 处理 belong to 属于
supply„to 为„„提供 devote„to 贡献给
stick／hold／keep to 坚持，忠于 compare„to 与„„相比，把„„比作（l4）三词以上的短语动词 do well in 在„„干得好 make up for 弥补
look down on / upon 轻视 break away from 摆脱
keep away from 避开，别靠近do away with 废除 put up with 忍受
catch up with = keep up with 赶上 fill up with 用„„装满 go on with 继续
get on / along with 和„„相处 look forward to 盼望 look up to 仰望，尊敬 add up to 总计 live up to 依据„„行事；做到；不辜负（期望）get close to 接近get down to 认真开始 set fire to 放火烧 pay attention to 注意
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http://www.xiexiebang.com pay a visit to 访问
take / get / catch hold of 握住 run out of 用完
get out of 逃避，避免 take notice of 注意
take a photo of 拍„„照片 take the place of 取代
set an example to 为„„树立榜样
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3、其他常用短语（按字母表顺序）（1）Aa a balance diet 均衡饮食
a best-seller 畅销书
a bit = a little = a little bit 少许，一点儿，有点儿，稍微 a bit of 一点，少量（修饰不可数名词）[ 比较：a few 一些，少量（修饰可数名词）a great deal of 许多（修饰不可数名词）
a great / good many = scores of 许多，大量（修饰可数名词）a handful of 一把，少量的，少数（修饰可数或不可数名词）
a large / great amount of = large amounts of 许多（修饰不可数名词）a large quantity of = large quantities of 许多（修饰可数或不可数名词）a lot of = lots of 许多（修饰可数或不可数名词）
a mass of = masses of 大量，许多（修饰可数或不可数名词）
a(large / great)number of = large / huge numbers of 大量的，许多（修饰可数名词）plenty of 大量的，很多，足够的（修饰可数或不可数名词）a bunch of flowers 一束花
a cloud of 一团 a couple of 一对/双，两三个，一些，几个
a couple of days / weeks 两三天/周a cup of 一杯
a day or two = one or two days 一两天
a deserted island 荒岛 a healthy diet = a diet of healthy food(s)健康的饮食 a highly-developed country 高度发达的国家
a kind of 一种，一类
a laid-off worker 下岗工人 a large sum of money 一大笔钱
a length of „ 长„„
a list of 一张„„的清单
a live concert 现场直播的音乐会
a natural disaster 自然灾害
a packet of 一盒，一捆，一包
a pair of 一双，一副
a piece of 一件，一块，一张
a row of 一排，一行
a series of 一系列的，一连串，一套 a set of 一套，一副
a shortage of teachers 教师资源的缺乏
a third of = one third of 三分之一
a total failure 一个彻底的失败者
a total of 总数（量）为
a two-day trip 一次两天的旅行
a variety of = varieties of = various 种种的，种类繁多的
a waste of(time)白费(时间)，浪费(时间)a man of name 知名人士 a world of magic and wonders 充满魔力和神奇的世界
after all 毕竟，终究
after a short while 不久以后，没多久
after a time 一段时间以后
after class / work / school 下课/下班/放学之后
all alone = all by oneself 独自，独立
all at once = all of a sudden 突然，忽然
all day = all day long 全天，终日
all in all 总共，总的来说
all kinds / sorts of 各种各样的all night long 整夜，通宵
all one’s life 终身，一生
all over 到处，遍及，结束
all over the world / country = throughout the world / country 整个世界/全国 all right 好吧，行了，（病）好了 all the best 祝一切顺利，万事如意
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http://www.xiexiebang.com all the same 一样，同样的all the time 一直
all the way 一路上，一直
all together 一起，总共
all(the)year round = all through the year= throughout the year 一年四季，一年到头
an invitation to„ 一张„„的请柬/请贴 an expert on „ „„方面的专家
as a consequence / result 结果，因此
as a consequence / result of 作为（„„的）结果，由于„„的结果
as a whole 普遍来说，作为整体
as „ as 像，如同
as „ as possible = as„as one can 尽可能„„地 as far as（表示程度，范围）就/尽„„（=so far as），远至
as far as I know 就我所知，据我所知 as follows如下（用以列举事项）
as if = as though 好像，似乎，仿佛（比较：even if = even though 虽然，即使，尽管）as long as 只要（= so long as引导条件状语从句），长达
as much / many as 多达
as soon as 一„„就„„
as soon as possible 尽快，尽可能早地 as to / for 至于，关于，就„„而言 as usual 像往常一样
as well 也/还有(= too)，同样地，例外
as well as = together with = and 也，以及，和，还，而且 as with...也一样，就像„„
at all 根本（否定句），到底（疑问句），竟然（条件从句）
at a loss 茫然，不知所措
at an early age 年轻时 at any moment / time 随时
[ 比较：after a moment = after a while / minute 过了一会儿 a moment ago = just now 刚才，不久以前 a moment later 片刻之后
at the moment = at the time 此刻，现在，在那时 at the very moment 就在那一刹那
for a moment = for a while / minute 一会儿 for the moment = for the time being 暂时，目前
in a moment = in a while /minute / second 过一会儿，立刻，马上 the moment / minute(that)...一„„就 „„] at any risk 不顾一切 [比较：at risk 处于危险中
at the risk of(doing sth)冒着（可能做某事）的危险 take / run a risk / risks 冒险
risk one’s life(to do sth)冒着生命危险（做某事）risk doing sth 冒险做某事）] at birth 出生时，一生下来就
at breakfast 在吃早饭
at hand近在手边，在附近
at home 在家
(at)home and abroad 在国内外
at last 终于，最后
at length 最后，终于，详细地
at midnight 在半夜 at night 在夜里，天黑时
at noon 在中午 at once = right away = right now 马上，立即
at one go 一口气
at present = at the present time 现在, 目前
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http://www.xiexiebang.com at sea 在海上，航海中，茫然（比较：by sea 乘船
by the sea 在海边 in the sea 在海里 on the sea 在海面上）
at stake 在危险中
at such a great height 在如此高的高度
at table 在吃饭（比较：at the table 在桌前）at times 偶尔，有时
（比较：at that time 那时
at the same time = meanwhile 同时
at the correct / wrong / best time of year 在一年里合适/不合适/最佳时候）at various academic levels 不同的学术层次
at war 处于战争/交战状态
at work 忙于工作
at the age of...在„„岁的时候
at the art festival 在艺术节上，在艺术节期间
at the base 在底部
at the(very)beginning of...在„„开始时，在„„之初
at the bottom of 在„„下端/底部
at the cost of 以„„为代价
at the end of 在„„末端，到„„结束时
at the foot of 在„„的脚下
at the front desk 在前台，在服务台
at the head of 在„„最前面
at a high /low price 以高/低价 at the latest 最迟
at(the)least 至少 [比较：at(the)most 最多] at the mercy of 任由„„摆布/控制，在„„的掌握中
at the opening /closing(ceremony)of...在„„开/闭幕式上
at the rate of 以„„的比率
at the side of 在„„的旁边 at the speed of 以„„速度（比较：at full / high speed 高速）
at the top of one’s voice 大声地
at the weekend 在周末
accept „ as„ 认为„„是„„，承认„„是„„，把„„当作„„ [比较：regard „ as„ 认为„„是
treat „ as„把„„ 当作
recognize „ as„ 认为„„是„„
view / see / know „ as„ 认为„„是„„
consider „ as „ / consider „(to be„)认为„„是„„
look on „ as„ 视„„为
refer to „ as„ 把„„视为
think of„ as„ / think „(to be„)认为„„是„„] accept sb’s apology 接受某人的道歉
accuse sb of sth / doing sth 指控某人为„„/ 做某事
achieve one’s goal 达到目的achieve success 获得成功 act as 担任，充当
adapt to（改变以）适应
adapt oneself to 使自己适应于
adapt to the new environment 适应新环境 add to 增加，添加
add „to„ 把„„加到„„上
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add up to 总计达到
adjust to（调整以）适应
adjust to these extreme conditions 适应极限条件
admire sb as„ 钦佩某人是„„
admire sb for„ 钦佩某人的„„，因„„钦佩某人
advance the deadline 提前最后期限
advance towards„ 朝„„前进 advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事
agree with sb / sb’s opinion / sb’s idea 同意某人（意见，看法），与某人看法一致 [ 比较：agree on sth 对„„达成共识 agree to(the plan)同意（计划等）] aim at 向„„瞄准，旨在，针对
allow for 顾及，为„„做准备 answer for„ 对„„负责
apologize to sb(for sth)= make an apology to sb(for sth)（因某事）向某人道歉 appeal to 有吸引力，呼吁，上诉
appeal to their emotions 投合他们的喜好 apply for 申请，请求
apply to 应用，适用
appoint sb as„ 任命某人当„„
approve of 赞成
argue about 争论某事
argue with sb about sth 因某事和某人争执/争论
arrive in / at 到达某地
ask after sb 问候某人
ask for 要求得到
ask for a day off 请一天假
ask for a leave 请假
associate„with„ 把„„与„„联系起来 attach to 加在„„之上，使喜爱，使依恋，参加，附着
attempt to do sth 试图做某事
attend school / university 上学/上大学 attend the meeting 出席会议
attend to 处理，照顾，关照，倾听 attract / draw / call sb’s attention 吸引某人注意 above all 首要的是，尤其是
according to 根据
action film / movie 动作片
advanced mathematics 高等数学 again and again 一次又一次，一再，反复
against the wall 靠着墙
ahead of„ 优于，超过，比„„早，在„„的前面
alarm clock 闹钟
along with„ 和„„一起
and so on 等等
and things like that „„之类的东西 another day 改天
any more 再，又 apart from 除„„都，除„„以外
around the corner 在拐角处，即将来临
（比较：on the way = in store 即将来临 draw near 即将来临，就要来临，逼近）（2）Bb be after 寻找，追踪，追求
be /act against 违背，违反，反对 be from 从„„来，是„„人
be next to 在„„隔壁，紧挨着„„ be off / leaving 离开
be out（灯火）熄灭，（人）外出 be out of 没有，用完
be up 起床
be up against 面对
be up to sb 由某人决定
be up to sth 忙于某事，从事于
be upon 逼近，临近
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http://www.xiexiebang.com be anxious about „ 为„„而忧虑/着急/担心（比较：be anxious for „ 渴望，非常希望
be concerned about / for„ 为„„而忧虑/着急/担心
be concerned about / with„ 对„„关切/关注/感兴趣）be careful about / of / with sth 注意，留意，当心 [比较：be careful(not)to do sth 小心（不）做某事] be clear about 对„„清楚
be crazy about 对„„着迷 be curious about = have the curiosity about 对„„感到好奇
be excited about 对„„ 感到兴奋
be particular about 对„„挑剔
be amazed at 为„„感到惊讶
be experienced at 对„„有经验
be present at 出席
be shocked at 对„„感到震惊 be common for 对„„来说是很普通的
be eager for „ = long for„ = be dying for„ 渴望得到„„（比较：be eager to do sth 急着想做某事）be famous for 因„„而闻名，由于„„而出名（比较：be famous as 作为„„而闻名 be famous to 对„„来说很出名）be fit for = be suitable for 适合
be good / bad for sb 对„„有好处/坏处
（比较：be good at 善于„„，擅长于„„，在„„方面做得好 be good to sb 对某人友好
do good to sb = do sb good 对某人有好处
do harm to sb = do sb harm = harm sb = be harmful to sb 对某人有害，伤害某人）be honored for„ 因„„受到尊敬 be intended for 为了 be late for 迟到（比较：be late with sth 某事做得晚）
be to blame for 因„„受到责备
be carved in rock 被刻在岩石上
be caught in(a rain / a traffic jam / the earthquake)突然/偶然遇到（雨/交通堵塞/地震）
be confident in 在„„方面自信
be effective in 在„„方面有效
be fluent in(a language)在（某一门语言）方面很流利
be lost in = lose oneself in 沉浸于，沉醉于be poor / low in 在„„方面不足 be quick in mind and action 思维敏捷行动迅速
be rich / high in 在„„方面丰富
be set in 以„„为背景
be strong in heart and mind 意志坚强，头脑聪明
be trapped in 被困在„„（比较：be trapped by 被„„所困）
be afraid of = be terrified of 害怕，恐惧（比较：be afraid to do 害怕去做，不敢做）be ashamed of 为„„感到羞愧/惭愧
be aware of 意识到，知道
be fond of = care for = like = enjoy 爱好，喜欢
be full of = be filled with 充满了，装满 be jealous of 嫉妒
be short of = be lacking in 缺乏，缺少 be sure of / about 对„„有把握
be uncertain of / about 对„„没把握
be accustomed to(doing)sth习惯于„„
be addicted to 沉溺于
be loyal to = be faithful to = be devoted to 忠诚于
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be reduced to 30% 减少到百分之30%（指最后的结果）
[比较：be reduced by 30% 减少了百分之30%（指与原来相对而言）] be similar to 与„„相似，与„„相像 be angry with sb for sth 因某事生某人的气
be armed with 以„„武装
be burdened with 为„„所累 be busy with sth 忙于某事
（比较：be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 be occupied with sth 忙于某事
be occupied in doing sth 忙于做某事）
be covered with / by 被„„所覆盖
be crowded with 挤/塞满了„„ be diagnosed with 被诊断为
be equipped with 具有，装有„„设备，为„„做好准备
be faced with 面临„„，面对„„
be familiar with 对„„很熟悉
be fed up with 对„„感到厌倦
be honest with 对„„诚实 be mean with 对„„吝啬
be pleased / satisfied with 对„„感到满意
（比较：be content with 对„„感到满意，满足于„„ be content to do sth 愿意做某事）
be popular with 受到„„的欢迎 be pressed with 被刻印/铸压上
be strict with sb 对某人严格要求（比较：be strict in sth 对某事严格要求）be surrounded with / by 被„„围绕 be about to do sth 正要做某事
be delighted to do sth 高兴做某事
be determined to do = determine / decide to do sth 决心做„„
be due to do sth 预定/到期应该做某事（比较：due to sth 因为/由于„„）
be forced to do sth 被迫做某事
be free to do sth 任意去做，悉听尊便
be likely to do sth 很有可能做某事 be supposed to do 被认为/被期望/应该做某事
be willing to do = like to do 愿意做某事 be able to do 能，会
be absent from 缺席，旷课
be asleep 睡着（比较：be awake 醒着）
be awarded a Nobel Prize 获得诺贝尔奖
be badly off 潦倒，贫困（比较：be well off 富有）
be badly treated 受到虐待
be born 出生，出世 be / become endangered 频临危险
be in contact with 与„„有交往
（比较：make contact with 与„„联络 lose / break contact with 与„„失去联系
lose touch with = be out of touch with 与„„失去联系
be in touch with = stay / keep in touch with 与„„保持联系 get in touch with = get into contact with sb 与„„取得联系 bring „ into touch with 使„„接触，使„„认识
keep track of„ 与„„保持联系，了解„„的动态，记录„„）
be in possession of = take possession of 持有，拥有，占有，占领
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http://www.xiexiebang.com（比较：be in sb’s possession = be in the possession of sb 被某人占有/拥有
come into sb’s possession 被某人占有/拥有）be in the charge of 在某人的掌管下，由某人经营/照顾（比较：be in charge of 掌管，管理，照顾）
be mentally disturbed 精神失常
be of benefit 有利的，有好处的 be of(no)effect 有（无）效
be of different sizes / weights / shapes 大小不一/重量不同/形状各异（比较：be of the same size / weight / shape 大小/重量/形状相同）be of great importance / value 非常重要，有重要性
be of high / good quality 高质量的（比较：be of poor quality 质量糟糕的）
be of(no)use 有（无）用
be on good terms(with sb)与某人关系好 be stressed out 紧张的，有压力的be upset 沮丧，伤心
be well received 很受欢迎
be(well)worth doing（很）值得做 [比较：be worthy of sth / of being done / to be done 值得（做）„„] by accident = by chance 偶然地, 碰巧，意外
by air / boat / bus / train 乘坐飞机/小船/公共汽车/火车
by and by 不久以后，逐渐地
by appointment 按约定
by choice 出于选择（比较：for choice 要选就选）
by day / night 白天/ 晚上
by fax 通过传真
by force 靠武力
by hand = with one’s hands 手工
by law 根据法律
by mail 通过邮寄
by means of(doing)sth 通过，借助于„„手段（比较：by all means = in all ways 不惜一切 by no means = in no way 决不，一点也不 by this means = in this way 用这种方法）by mistake = in error 由于错误或疏忽，错误地
by weight 按重量计算（比较：by the hour / day 按小时/天计算）by the end of 到„„结束为止，到„„底为止
by the nearest exit 从最近的出口出去
by the side of 在„„附近by the time 到„„的时候（后接状语从句）by the way 顺便说，顺便问一下
[ 比较：by way of „ 经由，经过, 通过„„的方法 in a way = in one way = in some way 在某种程度上 in no way 决不, 一点也不
in the / sb’s way 挡道，妨碍
in this / that way 以这种/那种方式，这样／那样 in „ way = in the way of 以„„的方式 this / that way 这样/那样（直接做状语）
on one’s way here / there / home(adv.)在（到这里/去那里/回家）的路上 on one’s way to doing sth 即将做某事
on one’s way to someplace(n.)在去某地的路上 on the way 在路上，在来/去的行进中
on the way home 在回家的路上，即将来临 out of the way 不挡道
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fight one’s way 挣扎着前进，经（奋斗或努力）开路或获得（某事物）find one’s way to 设法找到去„„的路 lose one’s way 迷路
make one’s way to 朝„„走去 push one’s way 挤过去
struggle one’s way 艰难地行进] base on sth 以„„为基础（比较：be based on / upon 以„„为基础）
beg for 乞求
become of 发生„„情况，怎么啦 believe in 信赖，信任，信仰(真理，宗教，原则)，支持，赞成 bend over 弯腰，俯身
benefit from = profit by / from 从„„吸取教训，从„„中获益 blow away 吹走
blow out 吹灭
blow the fire off 熄火，把火吹灭
brush one’s teeth 刷牙 build up 逐步建立，增进，增加，加强，扩大
burden sb / oneself with sth 加负担于某人 / 自己
burn down 烧毁，烧成平地
burn down„ to the ground 把„„烧成平地 burn up 消耗，烧掉
burst into 闯入，突然破门而入 burst into sth = burst out doing 迸发，突然而猛烈地产生某种情况（比较：burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑起来 burst into tears 眼泪夺眶而出 burst into cheers 突然欢呼）
burst out(doing)迸发出来，突然开始（做）
bed time 就寝时间
Beijing Opera 京剧 before long 不久以后（比较：long before 很久以前）
belong to sb / sth 属于某人/某事
below / above zero 零度以下/上 body building 健美
body language 身势语
boiled water 开水
both „ and „ 两个都，既„„又„„ business hours 营业时间
bus station / stop 汽车站/公共汽车站 but for 如果不是，倘若不是
Better late than never.迟做总比不做好。（3）Cc calculate the distance between„ 计算出„„的距离
calm down平静，镇定
can’t help but do sth 忍不住做某事 can’t help doing sth 禁不住做某事，情不自禁做某事
carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
card games 纸牌游戏 care about 对„„感兴趣，关心，担心（比较：care for 喜欢，关怀，照顾，照料 care for sb to do sth 愿意某人做 care to do sth 愿意做）
carry away 拿走，使入迷
carry off 夺走，携走
carry on 继续进行，坚持下去
carry on research 进行研究
carry out(an experiment / a plan / an order / a survey)开展或执行（实验/计划/命令/调查）
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catch a glimpse of 瞥见 catch fire = be on fire 着火，开始燃烧
catch / find sb doing sth 发现/发觉某人正在做某事
cause damage to„ 对„„造成破坏
cell phone 移动电话，手机 centre on / upon„ 将„„当做重点或中心
（比较：centre / concentrate / fasten / fix / focus one’s attention on 把注意力集中于）
chain stores 连锁店
change A for B 用A换B change A into B 把A变成B，把A转换成B change one’s mind 改变主意
charge„ for 收费，要价
charge sth with„ 使某事物充满„„（情感）（比较：be charged with 充满„„）chat on line 网上聊天
check in 登记，报到
check out 查明，核查，结帐
check information 审核情况
cheer sb on 为某人加油
cheer sb up 使某人高兴起来，使某人振作起来 chemical factory 化工厂
child laborer 童工
Christmas card / tree / Eve 圣诞卡/树/前夕 classical music 古典音乐 classify „ into „ 把„„分类成„„
clean out 清除，打扫干净 clear away 清除掉，消散，清除打扫，整理 clear up 打扫卫生，梳理整齐，（天气）放晴，露出喜悦的表情 close friends 密友
close down 倒闭 close up（尤指暂时）关闭，使靠近
close to 靠近，接近
combine„with„ 把„„和„„结合起来 comment on / upon„ 对„„进行评论 commit the / a crime 犯罪
common sense 常识，情理 communicate sth to sb 使某事物被人知晓，传送某事物给某人
communicate with„ 与„„交流/联络 compare notes 交换意见，交流看法 compare „ to„ 把„„比作„
compare with „ 与„„相比
compete against„ 与„„相对抗 compete for„ 为„„而竞争
compete in 参加（竞赛）
compete with„ 与„„竞争/比赛 complain of 抱怨„„
computer / video games 电子游戏 congratulate sb on sth 祝贺某人某事
connect to 连接，相连（比较：be connected to 与„„有关系）connect with „ 与„„相连接
contribute to 有利于，贡献，捐款给，为„„投稿
cool off 变凉，冷却，冷
copy sb’s example 仿照某人，照某人的样子做 cover an entire continent 覆盖整个大陆 cover the events 采访事件，报道事件 create a positive / negative effect 产生积极/消极的作用/影响
cross out 划掉
crowd around（许多人）围着
cultural relics / sites 文化古迹
current affairs 时事
Cheer up.振作起来。提起精神。Come on!来！快呀！（4）Dd dance to the music 伴随音乐起舞
date from = date back to 始于„„时期，追溯到
day after day 日复一日（强调重复）
day by day 一天天地（强调逐渐变化）
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deal with = do with 处理，解决，对付 depend on / upon = rely on / upon 依靠，依赖，信赖，靠„„来决定 develop a lifelong friendship with sb 与某人成为终身朋友 develop the photos 冲洗照片
devote „ to„ 把„„贡献给„„，献身于„„，专心于„„ [比较：be devoted to(doing)sth 投身于 be devoted to sb 喜欢某人] die away 逐渐消失，减弱（以至感觉不到），淡化 die down 逐渐降低，减弱，消失，平息
die from 因„„而死，死于（除了疾病或情感以外的原因，及某种具体疾病）
die of(illness, hunger, grief, etc.)因„„而死，死于（疾病，饥饿，悲伤等情感内因）
die off 一一死去，先后死去
die out = become extinct 灭绝，绝迹，消失
differ from = be different from 与„„不同，区别于 dig up 挖出，掘起
dining room 餐厅 dip into sth 把„„放入液体中，浏览，翻阅
display one’s deep sympathy 表达某人深切的同情
distinguish A from B 显示A和B（两者）的差别，使A和B有所不同（比较：distinguish between A and B 区别/辨别A 和B）divide „ into 把„„分成，使„„分隔开
divide up 分配
double one’s efforts 加倍努力 dozens of 几十
draw a conclusion 得出结论 draw attention to 对„„表示注意
draw back 后退
draw up 起草，拟定
dream of 梦到
dream of / about doing sth 梦想做某事 dress up 化装打扮，乔装打扮
dress up as„ 打扮／装饰成„„
drink a toast 祝酒
drink to sb / sth 为„„而干杯或祝福
drive off 击退, 把（车）开走
drop by 访问，拜访
drop in 顺便走访，拜访
drop in on sb 顺便拜访某人
drop in at sp 顺便拜访某地 drop off 放下（某物），下车
drop out(of„)（从竞赛、活动等）退出，辍学 drop sb a line 给某人写短信
during the day 在白天
during / in the 1980s / 1980’s 20世纪80年代
during / in / throughout one’s lifetime 在某人的一生中（5）Ee each other 互相，彼此（比较：one another 相互，彼此）
earn / make / gain a / one’s living 谋生
earn / make money 挣钱，赚钱 eat up 吃完，吃光
either„or „ 或者„„或者„„，要么„„要么„„ [比较：neither „ nor „ 既不„„也不„„
not„but„ 不是„„而是„„
not only „but also„ 不仅„„而且„„（前句用于句首时，须倒装）] end up with „ 以„„结束/告终
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http://www.xiexiebang.com（比较：begin / start with 以„„开始 close with 以„„结束/告终
end up 结束，告终，最后得到„„的结局/下场 end in failure / prison 以失败/坐牢而告终.end in a tie 以平局结束）
engage to sb 与某人订婚
English-speaking countries 说英语的国家 enjoy equal rights 享有平等权利
enjoy oneself 过得愉快，玩得开心 escape from 免于/逃脱„„，从„„泄露出
every day 每天
everyday use 日常使用 every few years 每隔几年
（比较：every four years = every fourth year 每四年，每隔三年
every two years = every second year = every other year 每两年，每隔一年)every now and then 不时地
ever since 从„„以来，从那时起
except for 除了„„之外
exchange student 交换生 exist in 存在于„„
experience life 体验生活 experiment with 进行实验，进行试验
explain sth to sb = explain to sb sth 向某人解释某事
express oneself 表达自己的意思
Excuse me.对不起。Everything / All goes well.一切顺利。（6）Ff face to face 面对面(比较：hand in hand 手拉手，密切关联)
fail in doing sth 没做成某事
fail to do sth 无法做某事 fall asleep 入睡（比较：fall ill 病了，患病，病倒)fall behind（成就，成绩）落后于
fall down 摔下来，倒塌
fall in love with sb 爱上某人（比较：be in love with sb 与某人相爱）fall into 陷入，落入
fall off 跌落，下降
fall over 跌倒，摔倒
fall to / into pieces 垮台，崩溃，解体，倒塌
fairy tale 童话
family name 姓氏
family tree 家谱
fax machine 传真机 far away 遥远，很远
far from„ 远离„„
fasten / tie „ to„ 把„„栓/别在„„上feast on sth 宴饮，尽情地享受„„
feed „ on 喂养，饲养（比较：feed on / upon „ 以„„为食）
feel down 感到闷闷不乐
feel like doing sth 想做某事 feel well / terrible / better / weak 感觉好/糟/好些/虚弱 fight against 与„„作斗争／打架／打仗 fight for sth 为„„而斗争，争取获得某事物 fight over 为„„而战，因„„而争吵/争斗
fight sb / sth off 抗击某人/某事物，击退某人/某事物 fight with 与„„并肩作战
figure out 理解，想明白，算出
fill in 填空，填写 fill out 把„„填好
fill with 用„„填充 fill A with B 把B装进A里，把A装满B fill up with„ 用„„装满
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fire escapes 安全梯
fire exit 安全出口 first aid 急救
fish farms 渔场 fit in 被他人接受，相处融洽
fit in(with sb / sth)与（某人/某事物）相适应/相协调 fix a time / date for 为„„确定时间/日期
fix up 搭起，安装，修理，修补
folk song 民歌
follow customs 随俗，按照习惯
follow sb’s instructions 遵从某人的指示
follow / take sb’s advice 听某人的劝告 follow the rules 按照规则去做 forget about 忘记了
for a period of several weeks / months 在几周/几个月的一段时间里 for ever = for good 永远
for example = for instance 例如(比较：such as „ 例如„„，像„„这样)for free = free of charge = without payment 免费（比较：at one’s own charge / expense 自费）
for once 就这/那一次
for one thing„, for another 首先„„，其次„„
for the first time 第一次，初次，首先
[比较：at first = in / at the beginning 起初，首先 at first sight 第一眼，乍一看，初见之下 first of all 第一，首先，最重要
in the first place（用于列举理由时）首先，第一，原先 the first time 第一次，初次（后接状语从句）] for the reason 因为
for the sake of 由于，为了„„的利益，为了„„起见 free from 不受„„的影响，没有„„的
from now on 从现在开始，今后 from then on = from that moment on 从那时起 from „ to „ 从„„到„„
from time to time 有时，不时，偶尔 from one country to another = from country to country 从一个国家到另一个国家 from one generation to another 一代接一代地
full dress 盛装
further education 进修，深造（7）Gg gain weight = put on weight 发福，增加体重，增肥（比较：lose weight 减肥）gas station 加油站
generally speaking 总的来说，一般来说 gift money 压岁钱
given / first name 名字 glance at 匆匆一瞥
glare at 怒视
graduate from„ 毕业于„„
greenhouse effect 温室效应 green tea 绿茶
grow up 生长，长大 grow up to be„ 长大后成为„„
Good luck!祝你好运！Good morning / afternoon / evening!早上/下午/晚上好！（8）Hh had better(do)最好（做）
hand down 流传下去 hand in 交上去，提出，面交
hand out 散发，分发，发放
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hang up 挂断电话 hang out（俚语）闲逛
harmony with others 与其他人和睦相处，与其他人相处和谐
hear about / of 听说，知道
hear from sb 收到某人来信
heart and soul 全心全意地
here and there 各处，处处，四处
help sb out 救助，帮助某人解决困难，帮助某人摆脱困境
help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事
high school 中学，高中
hit sb on the head / in the face 打某人的头部/脸部
hold／keep / stick to 坚持，忠于
hold together 连在一起，团结一致 home cooking 家常做法
home village 家乡
hope / wish for 希望得到，对„„怀着希望
host the Olympic Games 主办奥运会
hour after hour 一小时又一小时 how many / much 多少（可数名词）/多少钱（或不可数名词）
how far 多远
how long多久
how often 多久一次，多常
how old 几岁
human being 人，人类
hundreds of 几百，成百上千的
hunt animals 狩猎
hunt for = search for 搜寻，寻找
hurry up 赶快，快点
Hands up.举起手来。
Help oneself to sth 请随便吃。
How are you? 你（身体）好吗？ How do you do!你好！
How is it going? 情况怎么样？ Here you are.给你。（比较： There you are.你来了。）（9）Ii ice cream 冰淇淋
iced tea 冰茶
ice skating 滑冰
ID card 身份证 if necessary = if it is necessary 如果需要的话
if only 要是„„就好了（常用于虚拟语气）impress on sb 给某人留下好印象
（比较：be impressed by / with 对„„留下印象）in a few days = in a few days’ time 几天后
in a flash 立刻，很快，立即
in a good mood 心情好
in a hurry = hurriedly 匆忙地
in a row 一个接一个地，连续不断地 in a slightest 一点也，根本
in a „ state 处在„„的状态/情况下 in a straight line 沿着直线
in a very short while 马上，立刻 in a whisper 小声地
in a word 总之，简言之，一句话
（比较：in other words 换句话说，换言之 in one’s own words 用自己的话说）
in an act of revenge 作为报复
in all = in total = altogether 总共，总之 in class 在课堂上
in common 共同，共有 in condition = in good health 身体好，身体健康（比较：out of condition = in poor health身体不好 in bad / good condition 处于坏的/好的状态）in darkness 处于一片漆黑
in danger 处于危险中
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http://www.xiexiebang.com（比较：out of danger 脱离危险
in danger of 面临„„的危险）
in debt 欠债
in demand 有需要的 in detail 详细地
in disorder 混乱 in English 用英语（表达）
in fact = in reality = as a matter of fact事实上，实际上 in general 一般说来，通常
in history 在历史上 in hospital / prison / church 住院/坐牢/做礼拜 in „ order = in order of 按顺序
in order to do = so as to do 以便，为了，为的是（so as to do不置于句首）
in peace = peacefully 安静，宁静
in public 当众，公开地，公然，在公共场所 in return 作为回报
（比较：in turn 转而，反过来，轮流）
in silence 安静地，无声地
in society 在社会上 in space 在太空（比较：in outer space 在外层空间，在外太空）in store 贮藏着，准备着，就要来到
in style 流行的，时髦的
（比较：out of style = out of fashion = out of date 过时的 come into fashion = be in fashion 流行的）in surprise / astonishment 吃惊，惊讶地 in time 及时（比较：on time 准时）
in trouble 处于困境中
in use 在使用中 in vain 徒劳，白辛苦
in chains（指囚犯）用链锁住的，不自由，被囚禁
in ruins 成为废墟
in tears 哭泣，掉泪 in other aspects 从其他方面
（比较：in terms of 就„„而言
in large amounts 大批地，大量地
in the eyes of 在„„看来)in anxiety of 担心，担忧 in case of 假使，以防
（比较：in case 万一，以免
in that case 既然那样，假若是那样的话）in front of 在（某人/某物）前面
（比较：in the front of 在„„的前部 in front 在前方，在正对面）
in honour of 出于对„„的敬意，为庆祝/纪念„„
in praise of 称赞，赞赏
in search of 寻找 in spite of = despite = regardless of 尽管，不管
in view of 鉴于，考虑到，由于
in want / need of „ 需要，缺少„„ in agreement with 与„„意见一致
in conversation with 与„„谈话中 in harmony with 与„„协调
in relation to 与„„有关的 in reply to 回答，答复，回应
in exchange for 交换，互换 in the direction of 朝„„的方向（比较：in all directions 四面八方）
in the form of 以„„的形式
in the heart of 在„„的中心/核心部分
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in the name of 以„„的名义，代表（比较：name „ after 给„„取名，命名）in the process of 在„„的过程中
in the day / daytime 在白天 in the end = at last = finally = eventually 最后，终于 in the future 在未来，将来（比较：in future 以后，今后）in / during / over the last / past ten years 在过去的十年
in the past = in the old days 在过去
in / during the rush hour 在交通高峰期
in ancient / modern times 在古代/现代
in the air 在空中 in the open air 在户外
in the rain 在雨中，冒雨 in the shade 在阴凉处
in the sun 在太阳下
in the wild 在野外，在自然环境下
in one’s(personal)opinion 依某人之见 in one’s teens 十几岁时
in one’s youth 年轻时
information desk 问讯处
instead of„ 代替„„，而不是„„，作为„„的替换（比较：rather than 而不是）insist on sth / doing sth 坚持某事/坚持做某事
intend to do sth 打算做某事
intend sth for „ 把某物供给„„用（比较：sth be intended for„ 供„„用）involve sb in„ 使某人参加，使某人陷入„„（困境），使某人牵涉到„„（比较：be involved in„ 参与，有关联，忙于某事）It depends.=That / It(all)depends.要看情况而定。
I dare say„.我认为„„。我估计„„。I’m sorry.对不起。（10）Jj join hands 携手，联手，合伙
join in 参加，加入
join sb(in doing sth)和某人一起做某事 join the line 排队 join up 联合起来
judge sb by sth 依据某事物判断某人，断定，认为（比较：be judged by 靠„„来判断）junk food 垃圾食品
just as 恰如 just now 刚才，现在just so-so 一般 just then 正在那时（11）Kk kick the habit 戒除某嗜好
kind of 稍微，有点儿 know about 对„„了解
know of 听说过
（12）L labor force 劳动力
lack of sleep 缺少睡眠
later on 后来，随后，以后
laugh at 嘲笑，讥笑
lay down one’s life 献出生命
lay off 解雇，不理会，使下岗
lay the table 摆桌子
lead / have / live a cosy / an active life 过着舒适的/活跃的生活 lead sb to do sth = cause sb to do sth 使某人做某事
lead to = result in 通往，导致
learn about„ 了解，学习有关„„知识 learn „(all)by himself = teach „oneself 自学„„ learn from„ 向„„学习，从„„中学习
leave alone 不管，不打扰，不理会，随„„去
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leave out 省略，删掉，不考虑 leave sb by himself 把某人独自留下
leave sb where he / she is 把某人留在原地 leave school 离开学校，辍学，毕业 less than 少于，不足
let down 不支持，使失望，使沮丧 let in 放进，让„„进来
let out 放掉，泄露，发出(声音)lie down 躺下
lie in 在于，位于 lie to sb 对某人撒谎
light bulb 电灯泡
light a fire 点火
light up 照亮，使放光彩，点上（烟）吸起来 limit „ to „ 把„„限制在„„
listen to 听„„
little by little 逐渐地
live in poverty 生活在贫困线上 live life on the go 过着忙碌的生活
live on 以„„为主食，靠„„谋生，继续存在，继续活着
live one’s dream = try to realize one’s dream 努力实现梦想 live through 活过，经过（困难，危险）之后仍旧活着 live up to 依据„„行事，做到，不辜负（期望）
live up to sb’s expectation = meet sb’s expectation 不辜负某人的期望 live with 忍受，与„„一起住
lock sb up 将某人监禁起来，将某人锁于某处不得进出 lose control = be out of control 失去控制
lose heart 失去信心，泄气，灰心 lose one’s life 牺牲某人的生命 lose one’s sight / voice 失明 / 失声
Let me see.让我想想。（13）Mm major in 主修，专研
match „with „ 把„„和„„相配 main course 主菜
man-made satellite 人造卫星
means of transport 交通方式 medical care 医疗保健
midfield player 中场球员
Middle East 中东
millions of 成百上千万
miss one’s turn 错过
mistake / take A for B 错把A当成B mix up 混合在一起
mix „with „ 把„„和„„混合 mobile phone 可移动电话 morning paper 晨报
movie stars 电影名星
more and more 越来越多
more or less 或多或少
more than = not only 不仅，不只，多于，十分（比较：more A than B 与其说B，不如说是A no more than = only 仅仅，只不过 not more than 不超过，至多）most of 大多数
multiply „ by „ „„乘以„„
musical styles 音乐风格 My goodness!天啊！（14）Nn native language = mother tongue 母语
neck and neck 并驾齐驱，不分上下，不相上下
next time 下次
next to 紧接着，相邻，在旁边，次于
nine out of ten = nine in ten 十分之九
no doubt 无疑地 no longer / more = not„any longer / more 不再，已不
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not as / so„ as 不像，不如
not at all = not a bit 一点也不，绝非（比较：not a little = very much 很，非常）not later than 不迟于
not „till / until„ 直到„„才„„ now and then 偶尔，时而
now that 既然
Nice to meet / meeting you.很高兴见到你。（15）Oo obey / break the rules 遵守／违反规定 obey / observe the law 遵守法律 object to 反对
occur to sb 使某人突然想到 offer advice about / on „ 提出关于„„的建议
of course 当然
of late = lately 最近，近来
of one’s own 属于自己的（比较：on one’s own = by oneself 独自，单独地）on a large scale 大规模地，大范围地 on a team 在一队/组，加入一队/组 on(an / the)average平均，按平均计算 on an open fire 露营
on all sides 在各方面，到处
on and on 不停地，不断地
on condition that = if 如果
on board 在（船/飞机）上
on business 出差
on display 展览，陈列 [比较：on show 展出，在上演（放映）] on duty 值日，值班
on earth 在地球上，究竟 on end 直立，竖立
on foot 步行
on holiday 在度假
on purpose = by accident 故意地 on sale 上市，出售，廉价出售，减价 on watch 值班，守望
on the air 正在播出的
on the contrary 相反地，反之
on the front page 在头版
on the go 奔波，忙忙碌碌的，四处奔走 on the Internet 在互联网上
on the march 在游行
on the phone 在通话，用电话交流 on the point of 就在„„的时候
on / over the radio 通过收音机
on the top of 在„„的顶端
on one’s arrival / return（某人）一到达/回来
on(the)one hand„, on the other hand „ 一方面, 另一方面
once in a while 偶尔，有时
once more / again 再一次
once upon a time 从前，很早以前 one day（过去/将来）有一天，某一天 one after another 一个接一个
one by one 一个一个地，逐一 one-child policy 独生子女政策
opera house 歌剧院，艺术剧院 open up 打开，开启，开创，开辟，开设，开放
operate on sb 给某人动手术
opposite to 在„„对面 or else 否则，要不然
or rather 或者
or so 大约，„„左右
ought to 应当，应该
out of 由„„里面向外，在„„之外
out of breath 上气不接下气
out of danger 脱离危险 out of order 运转不正常，出毛病
out of work 失业
out of one’s reach 够不着
over and over again 多次，反复地，一再 over there 在那边
owe sb sth = owe sth to sb 把„„归功于，感谢，欠（债）owe thanks to sb for sth 因为某事感谢某人
（16）Pp parking lot 停车场
pay phone（投币式）公用电话
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pencil case 文具盒，铅笔盒
pencil sharpener 转笔刀，削笔刀 people with disabilities = disabled people 残疾人
personal affair 隐私
persist in 坚持
phone number 电话号码
physical education 体育
pile of(homework)一大堆（作业），一大批，一大团
places of(great)interest 名胜
pop music 流行音乐
post office 邮电局
play against „ 同„„比赛
play / act the role of sb = play sb 扮演某人的角色
play a part / role in „ 在„„中起作用 play a trick on sb 开某人的玩笑，耍弄某人 play football / basketball 踢足球／打篮球
play the piano 弹钢琴
play with 玩耍，游戏
primary school = elementary school 小学 point at 指示，指向
point to 指向
point out 指出，使注意
prefer A to B 相比B更喜欢A
prepare sth 准备
prepare for sth 为某事做好准备
prepare sb for sth 使某人为某事做好准备 produce / make electricity 发电
protect sb from / against „ 保护某人免受„„(伤害等)provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb 为某人提供某物
（比较：supply sb with sth = supply sth to sb 给某人提供某物 offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 为某人主动提供某物）
pull down 拆毁，拆除，摧毁，推翻
pull on 随便穿上 pull out of 从„„中退出，（火车）驶离车站，从„„拉出来 pull sb up 把„„往上拉，把„„拉上来
push open 推开
push(sth)over（使车船等）闪到一边 pros and cons 赞成与反对，正面和反面 pretty well 相当好，几乎，差不多（17）Qq quarrel with sb(about sth)（因某事）和某人吵架/争吵 quite a few 许多，大量
quite a lot / a bit 许多，大量（18）Rr raise money for(good cause)为（做好事）而筹款
rank high / low 排名高/排名低
rank third 位居第三
rather than 宁可，而不是，非，与其„„宁愿„„
raw material 原料
record card 成绩单
record holder 记录保持者 reach out(for sth)伸手去（拿，碰）
reach out(to sth)伸出手以触到或抓到、拿到某物
read about 读到有关„„
receive / get one’s doctor’s degree 获得博士学位
recommend „ to sb 向某人推荐„„
refer to 提到，查询，参阅，指的是，谈到，涉及，有关
relate to 理解，同情，涉及，与„„有关（比较：be related to 与„„有关联/关系）remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事 reply to 答复 respond to 回应，反映，响应
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ring back 给某人回电话
ring off 挂断电话，停止讲话
ring up sb = ring sb up 给某人打电话 rise / come to fame 成名
roll over 翻滚，倒转 round up 使集合在一起，使聚拢
rock band 摇滚乐队
roller skating 滑旱冰
running water 自来水 ruin sth = bring sth to ruin 使„„变成废墟 run after 追赶，追求，追逐，在„„之后跑
run at 冲向，向„„攻击
run away 流失，逃跑，逃走，失控
run away from school =drop out of school 逃学 run for 竞选
run into / across = come across = meet „by chance = happen to meet 偶然遇见 run off 跑掉，迅速离开
run out of sth 用完„„ [比较：(sth)run out 耗尽，用光，用完] run over 压死，看一遍，跑过去
run a business 做生意
run / start a restaurant 开餐馆
rush sb off one’s feet 使某人忙得不亦乐乎，使某人忙得不可开交 rush out 冲出去
rush through 掠过，快速通过（19）Ss satisfy / meet the needs of „ 满足„„的需要
save money 存钱
save sb’s life 挽救某人的生命
say “no” to „ 拒绝，否认，不同意 say thanks to „ 向„„表示感谢 say to oneself 心里想，自言自语
school day 学校上课时
school play 校园剧
school things 学习用具
school / field trip 郊游
search for 搜查，寻找，查找
self rescue 自救
see for oneself 自己去看，亲眼看
see sb off 为某人送行（比较：meet sb 接某人）
see to 处理，料理，照顾
see to it that„= make sure that„ 确保，务使
seek after 追求
seek for 寻找
sell out 卖完，出卖
sense of responsibility 责任感 sentence / beat sb to death 判处某人死刑 / 把某人打死 separate „ from „ 把„„和„„分离开
serve as 作为，当作
serve in the army 服役
serve the dishes 上菜
serve the people 为人民服务 settle an argument about„ 解决关于„„的争论 settle down 定下心来，安家落户，定居，平静下来
settle for 勉强同意，接受
settle in（使）习惯（环境等），定居 settle up 付清，结账
shake hands with sb 和某人握手 share(in)sth 分享
share sth with sb 与某人分享„„ shop assistsant 售货员
short wave 短波 shoot at 向„„射击
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http://www.xiexiebang.com shout at(sb)冲(某人)嚷嚷 [比较：smile at(sb)冲（某人）笑]
show off 炫耀
show up 出席，露面
show respect for sb 对某人表示尊敬
show sb how to do sth 教某人做某事
show sb out / in 送某人出去/ 迎某人进来
show sb to the door 带某人到门口
shut down 关闭，把„„关上
shut up 闭嘴
silver screen 银幕
sign an agreement with„ 与„„达成协议
sit down = be seated 坐着，坐下
sit up 熬夜
side by side 肩并肩，一起，相互支持 social problems 社会问题
soft drink 清凉饮料，软饮料
solar system 太阳系
soup opera 肥皂剧，连续剧
so far = up till now 到目前为止
some day 将来某一天，来日
some „ , others „ 一些„„，另一些„„ sooner or later 迟早，终归
sound like 听起来像„„ space / train station 太空／火车站
speed skating 速滑 speak about 谈论，交谈
speak against 发表抨击
speak of 谈到
speak out 大胆讲出 speak to 谈话，与„„通话
speed by 飞驰而过 speed up 加快速度（比较：slow down 减缓，减速，慢下来）spend „(in)doing sth 花（钱，时间）做某事
spend „on sth 在„„花费（钱，时间）spread out 伸开，铺开
stage name 艺名
standing room 立足之地
stone by stone 一块石头一块石头地
straight away 立刻地，毫不犹豫地 stare at 凝视，盯着看
start a fire 引起火灾
starve to death 饿死
stay away 不在家，外出
stay away from„ 与„„保持距离 stay the same = remain the same 保持不变 stay up 挺住，站立，开夜车，醒着，不睡，熬夜
stick to 粘住，坚持，忠于
stick with 继续支持，保持联系 stop doing sth 停止做某事
[比较：stop to do sth 停下来做某事
stop „(from)doing sth 阻止„„做某事]
strike at 向„„袭击／打击
struggle against„ 同„„做斗争
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
struggle to do sth 挣扎着（竭力去）做某事
succeed in„ 在„„获成功
（比较：succeed in doing sth = be successful in doing sth成功地做了某事）suffer from„ 受„„苦
suit „ to „ 使„„适合于„„ support / raise the family 养家
surf the internet 上网冲浪 sweep away（风）吹走,（浪）卷走 sweep down 吹倒，席卷，冲倒
sweep the floor 扫地
switch on /off 开/关（电灯、机器等）swimming pool 游泳池
Say “Hi” to sb for me.= Give my regards to sb =Remember me to sb 代我向某人问好。
Say goodbye to sb 向某人告辞/告别。See you soon / later.再见。（20）Tt
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table tennis 乒乓球（运动）talent show 天才表演
tape recorder 磁带录音机
talk show 访谈节目
talk about 谈论，交谈，议论
talk of 谈到
talk „ through（充分）讨论，详细讨论 talk to 与某人交谈／谈话
talk with 和„„交谈
telephone booth 电话亭
telephone number 电话号码
tennis racket 网球拍
tear at 用力撕
tear down 拆毁，拆除
tear sth into pieces 把某物撕成碎片 tear up 撕毁，取消（合同）
tell a lie 说谎
tell „ apart 识别，辨别，区分开
tell„ from„ 把„„和„„分开 tell the truth 说真话
tell the difference between A and B 说出/分辨A和B 的区别 tend to 趋于，朝某方向
test on 在„„做实验
test the blood 验血
Thanksgiving Day 感恩节
thanks for„因为„„而感谢
thanks to„ 多亏了，幸亏，由于，因为
（比较：due to = owing to = because of 由于，因为）than usual 比平常„„
the Antartic 南极 [比较：the South / North(Pole)南/北极] the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋
（比较：the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋 the Indian Ocean 印度洋 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋
the Yellow River 黄河）
the butterfly 蝶泳
the Capital Stadium 首都体育馆 [比较：the Great Wall 长城
the Palace Museum 故宫（博物馆）
the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国（简称PRC）] the day after tomorrow 后天
the day before yesterday 前天 the entrance to „„的入口
(the)long / high jump 跳远/高
the Maglev Train 磁悬浮列车 the majority / minority of people 大多数/少数人
the(more)„, the(more)„ 越„„，越„„
the next morning 第二天早上
the other day 前几天，某日 the other way around 相反地，用相反方式
the Olympic Games / the Olympics 奥林匹克运动会
the problem with „ 关于„„的问题
the same as 与„„同样的 the same to 对„„也一样
the United Kingdom 英国
the United Nations 联合国
the United States 美国 the way to do sth / of doing sth 做„„的方法
the working people 工人，劳动人民
the World Championship 世锦赛
this very night 就在这个晚上
thousands of 成千上万
Three Gorges Dam Project 三峡大坝工程 three meters deep = three metres in depth 三
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through thick and thin 不顾艰难
throw light upon / on 阐明某事，使某事显得很清楚
throw about 四处乱扔
throw at 向„„扔去
throw away 扔掉
throw up 吐出（事物），呕吐
tie A to B 把A 绑在B 上
tie „ up 系，栓，捆 tie up(one’s hair)= do up(one’s hair)（头发）扎起来
tire out 筋疲力尽
tire oneself out 使自己疲惫不堪 time and time again = over and over again 多次，不断地，反复
time area 时区
toast to the New Year 为新年干杯
to begin with = to start with 首先，作为开始，第一点 to be honest = honestly speaking 老实说，说实在的
to make matters / things worse = worse still 使事情/情况更困难/危险，更糟糕的是 to „ degree 达到„„程度
to one’s knowledge 据某人所知 to one’s regret / sorrow / surprise / joy 使某人遗憾/悲伤/惊讶/高兴的是 to the north of 在„„以北
to the point 中肯，扼要，切中要害 too many 太多
too much 太多，过分，太 too „ to = so „ that 太„„以至于不能 tongue twister 绕口令
track and field 田径
traffic lights 交通指挥灯，红绿灯 travel agent 旅行社
trial and error 反复实验，不断探索 trade for 交易
trade in 以交易方式购入
trade „ with sb 与某人做„„交易（买卖）
transform „ into„ 把„„转变成„„ treat sb badly 虐待
treat sb to sth 请某人吃„„ trip over（被„„）绊倒
trust(in)= have trust in = rely on 信赖，信任 try on 试穿（衣，鞋，帽等），试试看，耍弄（花招）
try out 试验，尝试，试用
try one’s best 竭尽所能 TV series 电视连续剧
TV station 电视台
twice the size of 是„„的两倍之大
Thank goodness!谢天谢地！
This way, please.请走这边。
It’s time to do„.该做„„了。（21）Uu under arrest 被拘留
under attack / fire 被攻击 under construction / control / discussion 在建设／控制／讨论中 under repairs 在修理中
under the command of 在某人控制之下，在„„的指挥下
under the direction of 在„„的指导下 unite as one 团结一致
upside down 颠倒着，倒转着
up and down 来回，上上下下，来来往往 up to 正在做，从事于，大约，多达 up to date 现代的，时新的，据目前所知的 use up„.用完„„，用尽„„（22）Vv VCD player 影碟播放机
very much = a lot 很，非常，十分（23）Ww wait for 等待，等候
wait / stand in queue = wait / stand in line 排队等侯
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wake up 醒来
wake sb up 把某人吵/叫醒
walk / run up to = go / come up to 上前去 want all day off 请假一整天 wash away 冲走
wash down 冲走，冲垮
washing machine 洗衣机
watch out(for„)留神，提防，注意
watch over 看守，照看 watch TV 看电视
wear away 磨掉，消耗
wear out 穿破，把„„穿旧，磨坏，使„„疲劳 [比较：be worn out（衣服等）穿破/被损坏，（人）疲惫不堪/感到疲劳] what else 而且
what if„ 倘使„„将会怎样，如果„„将会怎样
win „ prize 获得„„奖
win the first place（比赛）得了第一名
win sb 把某人争取过来（比较：beat / defeat sb 打败某人）
wipe out 去除，消灭
wish each other good luck 互相祝福
wish „ every success 祝„„ 成功 without a sound 悄无声息地 without limit 无限地
without luck 运气不好 with the help of＝with sb’s help 在„„的帮助下
with the purpose of 有„„的目的wonder at 对„„感到惊讶
word for word 逐字地
work as an actress 做女演员
work at 从事，致力于，干„„活动（研究）
work on „ 继续工作，从事于„„，忙于„„，不断做„„ work out 算出，解决，想出（办法），制定（计划），结局，至最后 work with „ 对„„起作用
work permit 工作许可证 worry about 为„„担心，烦恼
would like 想要（婉转表达个人的想法、看法）would rather 宁愿，宁可
wrap sth in 用„„把某物包起来
wrap up 包好，伪装
write down 记下，写下
write to 写信给
Well done / said!干得好/说得好！
What a pity!多可惜！真遗憾！
What a shame!太不好意思了！太遗憾了！What / How about„? „„怎么样？„„好不好？ What becomes of „ ？ „„变得怎样了？
What kind „? 何种„„？
What time „? 几点„„？
What’s on? 发生了什么事？ What’s the population of „? „„有多少人口？ What’s up? 怎么啦？
What’s wrong / the matter? 怎么了？
Would you mind„? 你介意„„吗？（24）Yy year after year 年复一年，年年，每年（重复）year by year 一年年（逐渐变化）Young Pioneer 少先队员
You’re welcome.不用谢。不客气。（25）Zz zebra crossing 斑马线
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第四篇：2012届高考英语 全国通用考前冲刺押题语法专题系列动词时态和语态
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http://www.xiexiebang.com 全国通用2012届高考英语考前冲刺押题语法专题系列动词时态和语
态
名师押题：
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
【押题1】With our society developing，the level of life in our eountry greatly recently．
A．has been rose B．has been raised C．had rose D．rose 【解题指导】此题考查一般过去时与现在完成时的区别之一：时间状语不同。一般过去时，常与表示过去时间点的词连用(表示过去某时发生的动作)；而现在完成时常与表在造成的影响或结果。因此解题的关键是：结合句意判断这个动作有无影响。
【押题指数】★★★★
【解析】A。过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响就隐藏在句中：How clean they ale!也就是说你的打扫使得房间清洁，强调”你的打扫”的影响和结果，故用现在完成时。
【押题3】一I haven“seen you for ages．Haven’t you graduated from college?一Yes，——English four’years in Seijing．
A．study B．have studied C．am studying D．studied 【解题指导】此题考查一般过去时与现在完成时的区别之三：过去时与一段时间连用表示动作没有持续到现在；而现在完成时与一段时间连用表示动作持续到了现在。结合句意判断动作是否持续到现在是解题的根本所在。【押题指数】★★★★
【解析】D。“Yes”表明“已经毕业”，也就是说，“已不在北京学习”，即动作没有持续到现在，故用一般过去时。
一般过去时与过去进行时的区别
一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。近三年全国各地区考查一般过去时与过去进行时的区别的题目有10道。
【押题4】I had wanted to help you last night but I couldn’t spare my time，for I
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http://www.xiexiebang.com a composition which I had to hand in this morning．
A．wrote B．was writing C．had written D．have’written 【解题指导】结合句意判断动作是否完成是解题的关键。【押题指数】★★★★
【解析】B。结合句意”我昨晚想帮你可是抽不出时间，因为昨晚我在写一篇作文，这
合考查的。如2010年全国有6个地区考查了被动语态的用法。
【押题6】Clothes made of this material comfortably，but easily． A．wear；aren’t washed B．are’worn；don’t wash C．wear；don’t wash D．are worn；aren’t washed 【解题指导】考生要弄清何时用主动形式表被动意义：
1．表示感觉、感官的系动词后跟形容词时。
2．某些动词，如sell，write，wash与副词连用，表示事物的特征时。
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3．want，need，require表示”需要”时，其后用动名词的主动形式表达被动意义。几种将来时间表达法的区别
近三年全国各地区考查将来时间表达法比较的题目多达9道。如2009年江苏卷考查了will be going to表将来的用法区别。【押题8】Whatever may happen，go on until you succeed，and you what life is about． A．should know B．must know C．have known D．will know 【解题指导】考生应弄清以下几种将来时间表达法的区别：
1．现在进行时表将来，表示最近按计划或安排要发生的动作，仅用于少数短暂性动词。2．一般现在时表将来：在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。
3．在”祈使句+and／or+陈述句”结构中，and／or后的句子用”will+动词原形”。解题时，考生首先要弄清每一种”将来时间表达法”的适用情境，然后结合语境作出判断。【押题指数】★★★
【解析】D。此句符合”祈使句+and／or+陈述句”结构，其中and／or后的句子用”will+动词原形”，故答案为D。
【押题9】一Did you tell Julia about the result? 一Oh，I forgot.her now．
A．called B．will call C．ain going to call D．has called 【解题指导】解题的关键是弄清will，be going to表将来的区别：如果主语的意图事
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2、（2012年郑州市高中毕业年级第一次质量预测英语）I can’t believe that you got fined for speeding.I ______ of you as a careful driver.A．think B．am thinking C．thought D．have thought 【答案】C 【解析】 考查时态。句意：我难以相信你会因为超速行驶被罚款。我本以为你是一个谨慎的司机。由句意可知，“认为”这一动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时，thought 表示“本以为”。
3、（北京市东城区2012届高三第一学期期末教学统一检测英语）If you ring the doorbell when visiting our home, you ______ by our dog.A．will be greeted B．will greet C．were greeted 【答案】A D．greeted 【解析】 考查时态和语态。句意：你来我家如果按响门铃，我家的狗会迎接你的。在条件状语从句中，从句用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时。来拜访应该是被迎
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5、—Excuse me.but I wonder if Joan is available at 3：30 this afternoon.—I’m afraid she _____________ Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone.A.will watch B.will be watching C.is to watch D.is watching 【答案】 B 【解析】考查时态。根据问话中的this afternoon可知是将来的时间，语意表示在三点半这个时刻Joan将正在看《哈利波特与魔法石》，所以用将来进行时。
6、.—I________the book till now.—No worry.You may have left it at home.A.hadn’t found B.don’t find C.won’t find D.haven’t found 【答案】 D 【解析】考查动词的时态。由句中的till now可知，此处应该用现在完成时，表示“我的书到现在都没找到”，所以答案选D项。
7、—Thank you for your coffee.—But you_______ it.A.didn’t drink B.aren’t drinking C.don’t drink D.hadn’t drunk 【答案】 A 【解析】考查时态。语意：“谢谢你的咖啡。”“但你(刚才)并没有喝。”根据语意可知空处表示的是过去发生的动作，所以用一般过去时。
8、（山东省潍坊东营淄博滨州四市2012届高三联考英语）—What do you think of the Eiffel Tower? —Splendid.When I was in France, I ______ it.A．have visited C．could visit B．had visited D．visited 【答案】D 【解析】 考查时态。根据答句“当我在法国的时候，我去参观了”可知去参观是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时，即D项正确。
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9、Traffic conditions in Beijing___________ for decades．At first people only complained about jams during rush hours，but today every hour is rush hour． A．is worsening B．have worsened C．have been worsening D．worsened 【答案】 C 【解析】考查时态。句意：北京的交通状况几十年来一直在恶化。起初，人们只是抱怨交通高峰期的堵塞，但是如今每个小时都是高峰期。现在完成进行时表示这种状态从过去一直持续到现在，而且还可能继续下去。
10、By the time he realizes the mistake he ______,it will be too late for him to do anything about it.A.has made B.made C.makes D.will make 【答案】 A 【解析】考查时态。句意为“在他意识到他所犯的错误的时候，再采取任何措施已经为时已晚”。显然，在他意识到犯错误的时候，他已经犯下错误，因此应用现在完成时。
11、I wonder why Ann didn't get ____ the job.She is the right person for it.A． to be offered B．to offer C．offering D．offered 【答案】D 【解析】考查语意：我不知道为什么 Ann 没有被提供给这份工作，她是合适的人选。get done 表示被动，Ann 与 offer 之间是动宾关系。故选D项。
12、—Your spoken English is so good.Have you been abroad? —Yes: I ____ in London for two years.A．have stayed B．stayed C．had stayed D．have been staying 【答案】B
14、—Have you been teaching here since graduation? —No, I ____ on a farm for 5 years.A．had worked B．have worked C．was working D．worked
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http://www.xiexiebang.com 【答案】 D 【解析】考查时态。因为在农场工作五年没有明显的截止时间界限，所以属于持续了一段时间的过去存在的状态，要用一般过去时。
15、—Monitor？ —I’m not monitor of our class.I____ with the teacher until the monitor is elected.A．will just help B．am just helping C．am just to help D．have just helped 【答案】 B 【解析】考查时态。从“我不是我们班的班长”可知，后边的句子意思为“我只是暂时帮老师的忙直到班长被选出”。根据句意，此处表示现阶段正在进行的动作，应该用现在进行时。
16、With the country's population reaching 1.6 billion in the mid of this century, most of China's rivers, including the Yellow River, ____.A．is drying up B．will be drying up C．dry up D．have dried up 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态。根据句中的时间状语 in the mid of this century 再结合语意可知本题应该使用将来进行时表示在将来某一段时间内发生的变化。
17、—Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday? —No, but we ____ to get in touch with them ever since.A．have tried B．have been trying C．had tried D．had been trying 【答案】B
19、Please do me a favor —____ my friend Mr.Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.A．to invite B．inviting C．invite D．invited 【答案】C 【解析】考查句子结构。根据语意及句中破折号可知后面的部分是一个祈使句，应该用动词原形。
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第五篇：2012届高考英语 考前冲刺易混词组
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1..add to增添 增加，add···to往„添加，add up合计 加起来，add up to总共有 总计达；add后面跟直接引语或that从句时，表示“补充说”
2.aloud“出声的”使声音能够听到，与read call cry等连用；loud“大声地”常与动词talk speak shout laugh等连用；loudly“高声地”有时可与loud换用，但更多地含有“喧闹”的意味
3.alone“单独”指只有一个人的状态，与心情无关；不用于名词之前；作“只有”讲时置于名词之前；lonely指“内心孤独”与感情有关；还可以修饰地点，表示“偏僻的”如：a lonely village一个偏僻的山村
4.as far as I know == as far as I am concerned就我所知，as long as和„一样长；只要
5．attend“到场 出席 参加”会议 婚礼 典礼 上学（课）听报告；attend to处理 专心于attend school（class）上学（课），I have some urgent business to attend to.我有一些急事要处理。
6.assist sb with sth，assist sb to do sth/in doing sth帮助„做„
7.全神贯注„be absorbed in，put oneˊs heart into；fix sth on upon sb全神贯注于，凝视
8.appeal to sb to do sth呼吁某人做某事，appeal against 上诉，The government is appealing to everyone to save water.9.aim（sth）at 把„瞄准，目的在于；aim to do sth旨在做某事 10..above all 首先 尤其 最重要的是„in all总计 总共 11..break down 毁坏 分解 出故障，break off 打断 停顿，break in/into破灭而入，break out（战争等）爆发，break away（from）同„..决裂（脱离关系），break through突破（重围）
12.burst into+名词，突然发生，burst out+V.ing，都有“突然进入某种状态或发生某种情况”
13.bring up抚养·培养·提出；bring in 引进 盈利； bring about 导致· 引起；bring out 拿出·取出·出版·揭露 14..come across 偶然遇见，被理解，come up with赶上，想出，come over从远处来，come through 康复· 经历„„之后仍然活着，come to oneself 恢复知觉 活跃起来，come into being形成，come to light显露，为人所知
15，charge sb some money for sth就„.向某人索要费用，charge sb with sth 控告某人犯„.罪，accuse sb of sth指责.，控诉某人某事，charge sb to do命令某人做某事，be charged with充满„，take charge of 负责 掌管，take the charge of由„.负责，in the charge of+人，由„.负责in charge of+物，公司等，主管，负责
16.be content to do sth＝be ready/ willing to do sth愿意（乐意）做„；be content/ pleased / satisfied with sth对„满意
17，cut off 切断，阻碍，堵塞，cut up 切碎，摧毁，cut down 砍倒，减少，cut out删除，cut through抄近路，18.be curious about对„感到好奇，be curious to do渴望做„ 19.confuse...A and/ with B混淆AB.be/get confused感到困惑
20.come about“发生，产生”用于疑问句和否定句，与疑问词how连用 21.compare„A with B 把A与B比较（同类比较），compare A to B把A比作B（比喻），亿库教育网
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http://www.xiexiebang.com compared to/with 与„.比起来，作状语，位于句首，句末 22..call for需要·需求，call at 拜访（某地）·（火车等）停靠，call on/upon sb拜访某人，看望，call sb up打电话·使想起，call off取消·停止进行
23..choose to do，choose from从..中选择，There are four answers to choose from.24，in good condition情况良好 in /out of condition健康良好（不佳）；condition“环境 形势”用复数形式 23.dozen前有数词或a few，several，many等词修饰时，用单数。后面接名词时of可用可不用；接代词时of不能省略；dozens of “许多”by the dozen论打，by weight按重量 25，.die out 灭绝 消失 熄灭，die away（声音 光线 风等）逐渐变弱，die down（火等）渐熄·（闹声等）渐消失，die of内在的原因死亡，die from外在的原因死亡
26，do honour to sb＝do sb honour对某人敬意，in honour of纪念„..，向„表敬意 27，separate„from 将„.与„分开（将靠近的人物分开，强调个体的隔离），divide„.into分开 分离（把人物分成若干份），separate还有“单独的，分开的” 28.be eager for渴望得到某物，be eager to do急于做某事 29.experience：“（一次）经历 体验 ”是可数名词，“经验”不可数名词experienced“有经验的” experienced in/at “在„.方面有经验”She has years of experience in teaching./She is experienced in/at looking after children 30.every +基数词+复数名词，every+序数词+单数名词；every other day＝every second day＝every two days每两天，每隔一天
31.put an end to;bring„to an end;come to an end 结束，完成
32，be/get engaged to sb与„订婚，be/get engaged in sth忙于做某事，从事于某事，engage还有“雇用”的意思，He engaged my sister as his secretay.42,inform sb of /about sth , 33.feed„on/to 用„喂养 把„喂给
34.forbid doing禁止做某事，forbid sb to do sth禁止某人做某事 35，find fault with找„的毛病，对„抱怨
36，be fit for sb/ sth适合某人某物，be fit to do适合干某事keep fit 保存健康；fit作动词时表示衣服的尺寸大小适合某人fit sb；suit指颜色，质地,款式上合适；match指样式，风格，品质等的匹配一致 37，get through接通（电话），完成（工作），抵达，通过（考试），get about/ around走动，（消息等）传开，get along 相处，（事情等）进展，get behind 落后，get down降下，写下，get down to 着手做某事，get over 越过，克服（困难等），get rid of 摆脱，除去
38，go against违背（反），不利 go in for 从事，参加，go ahead 进步·前进·请吧·继续下去，go through经过·经历·调查，go down下降·平静下来，go by 走过·时间流逝，go for适用于
39，give in屈服·让步·投降，give away 暴露·泄密·赠送，give off 放出（烟，气味等），give out耗尽 ·公布give up 放弃·戒掉·认输
40.at hand近在手边·在附近·即将来到的，by hand 用手·手工
41，hold up举起，堵塞hold back 缩回，制止hold on to 抓住，固守 42.be informed of “通知某人做某事’，inform sb +从句，43.knock about接连打击·冲击·漫游，knock down打倒·击倒·撞倒，knock off（拳击）击倒
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http://www.xiexiebang.com 44，living作表语 定语 与“死的”’相对。Living things 表示：生物，alive作表语 补语，作定语时需要放在被修饰的词的后面，live活的，只作定语，修饰动物，如a live mouse ；live by靠„为主，live„on以„为主食，靠„.生活；live through经历过，经过„之后还活着；live up to遵守，不辜负
45.lie—lied—lied—lying撒谎，lie—lay—lain—lying躺，位于lie—laid—laid---laying放置，产卵，下蛋
46.light有两种过去式 过去分词形式（lit lit；lighted lighted）做定语只能用lighted，不用lit；如；They lit a candle and the lighted candle lighted the room.47.leave behind 忘了带;留下，I've left my pen behind.我忘了带笔。Leave for到某地去leave „alone不干涉·不理，leave„out忽略·遗漏，let „down不支持，使失望 48，must + do 对现在情况的推测，must +have done对过去情况的推测，must +be doing对正在发生的动作或将要发生的动作的推测；否定的推测只能用can‘t，不能用must‘t 49.make up化妆·整理·收拾，make up for补偿·偿还·弥补，make for 移向，走向，make out了解·理解·辨认，make progress取得进步，make room for为„腾出空间，make up one′s mind下决心，make sence有意义，讲的通，make sence of弄懂„的意思，50·mean to do打算做某事，mean doing sth 意味着做某事，mean sb to do sth打算让某人做某事，mean to have done（过去）本来打算做某事（实际上没做成），mean还有“吝啬的，卑鄙的，自私的”
51.by means of 用，依靠，by all means可以·没有问题·务必，by no means绝不 一点也不（句首时，句子用倒装语序）
the number of 作主语谓语用复数“„.的数量”，a number of 作主语谓语用单数“许多，若干”
53.offer to do sth提出做某事.offer sth to sb（offer sb sth），provide sth for sb，supply sb with sth向某人提供某物 54,present 作adj用，“目前的，现在的”,作前置定语，如，present situations 目前的形势；“出席的，到场的”the guests present到场的客人；be present at the party 55，prove“证明，结果是”是link verb；What he said proved true/ a lie，56，pick up 拾起·让乘客上车·偶然学会语言 pick out 挑选·分辨出·认出 ·理解 57，in possession of占有 控制，in the possession of由„.所有（控制）58.pull out of从„中退出，pull out（车辆 船 火车等）驶出（车站），拔掉，拉掉，pull apart扯断，拆开，pull down拆除，摧毁.put out出版 生产.关掉 59.result in造成„结果，引起，result from因„引起，起因于 60.rob sb of sth抢劫某人某物，steal sth from sb偷窃„.61.at the rate of 4 kilometers an hour 以每小时4公里的速度 62.risk +n 或doing sth，at the risk of冒着„的风险 63.stick to坚持，stick out突出·伸出，be /get stuck（in）陷入困难spare no effort不遗余力
64，set about doing sth开始做，着手做，set out to do sth 开始做某事，set down 放下，记下，set up树立，开办，建立，set off开始，发射，set back将„往后移，拨回，阻止
65，scenery不可数名词，指天然景色，景致，景物，是由多个scene构成的景色。Scene指“景色，风景”，指所见之物。也可以表示“现场，场景”.view可数名词，意为“景色，风景，风景（照，画）”。常指在远处或高处以人的角度看到远景，着重能看到的部分。Sight可数名词，“视力，看见”，作“风景，名胜”常用复数形式。指某一地区值得观看，游览的，亿库教育网
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http://www.xiexiebang.com 具有特色的建筑物，风景，名胜。
66，common sense 常识，make sense有道理，讲得通，make sense of sth 理解 弄懂（不容易理解的事物），there is no sense（in）doing sth做某事没有意义
67，suffer的宾语通常是pain loss punishment wrong 等；suffer from“因„.而遭罪，患„病”表示遭受战争﹑自然带来的苦难及患病灾害
68（1）Failure is the mother of success失败是成功之母。success 表示抽象意义的“成功”，是不可数的；表示具体意义的“成功的人或事”, 则是可数的。比较Big sucess does not usually occur early.(大器晚成)，His new book was a great success.(他新出版的书获得了巨大成功)。（2）表示成功地做某事，be successful 后不能接不定式，而是接 in doing sth，又如：They were successful in launching a communication satellite.(他们成功地发射了一颗通讯卫 星)。（3）succeed 表示“成功”，是不及物动词，因此不能用于被动语态。
他终于把那个问题解决了。At last he succeeded in solving the problem.析：表示做某事做成功了，succeed 后通常不接不定式，而接 in doing sth。又如：He succeeded in getting the job.(他谋到了那份工作)，She succeeded in(passing)the exam.(她考试及格了)。69，turn out结果是，证明是，原来是，生产，制造
more than多于，不仅仅，超过 not more than，不超过，至多，no more than 仅仅，只有，less than少于； 71.take off 成功·起飞·休假·脱下（衣帽等）·打折，take in 欺骗·接受，take over 接收·接管·把„从一地带到另一地，take up 拿起·占据·占用，take on 呈现，take the place of 代替
tear sth“把„撕破，撕开，撕掉”强调结果，tear at sth “撕扯„..”强调动作 73 come to term with甘愿忍受；妥协make terms（with sb）（与某人）达成协议in terms of谈及·就„而言
74．Witness to„ 为„作证，说明，to为介词，后接n或V.ing 75，on purpose故意地 ·by chance偶然地 ·take a chance冒险 76.especially 强调个别超过其他部分；specially强调专门的特别的为某个目的而专门地做某事；particularly强调以不同寻常的方式突出某一事物的个性或独特之处，如：I like all sports，but I am especially interested in football。I came here specially to ask you a question.。These books will be particularly helpful to those who wish to improve their English。be particular about 讲究，对„.挑剔 77，修饰不可数名词a great deal of，large amounts of，a large amount of，（a）little，much； 修饰可数名词a large/great/small number of, a great many，many，few，quite a few ；修饰可数名词和修饰不可数名词的有lots of，plenty（of），a（large）quantity of /；（large）quantities of作主语时谓语动词用复数形式
78.当询问距离是多少时，要用what提问。distance的修饰语常用some great long short等，而不用far.near 等；还可以用how far 对距离提问。How far is it from A to B？what is the distance from A to B？
79.one和those 用于泛指可数名词的单数和复数，the one特指单数可数名词，the ones是复数名词的特指，而that用于特指单数可数名词和不可数名词。80.大部分adj加ly可以构成副词。但是friendly deadly lovely lonely likely lively ugly brotherly motherly worldly等仍为adj。如；Her singing was lovely./He spoke to me in a very friendly way.二.交际用语
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http://www.xiexiebang.com 1.You will make it.你会达成目标的。2.Not particular.不是特别亲密的。3.It′s up to you，由你决定。4.It（That）depends.视情况而定。5，对于对方的道歉可以用It doesn′t matter.That′s all right.Forget it.6.guess what？你猜怎么着？7 It's my/a pleasure.和My pleasure.是回答别人说“谢谢”时使用，有“不用谢（这是我的荣幸）”的意思。而With pleasure.是用于别人问你“能给我给帮助吗？（Couldyou help me„）”有“乐意帮你”的意思。8.sounds good.==It（That）.sounds good听起来不错（对别人的建议进行评价）。9.What is up？出什么事了？10.Got it明白了。懂了。11.Not exactly.不算准确。12.I could not agree more.我非常同意。13.I will give you a lift.让我送你一程。14.关于口语中Do you mind和Would you mind的回答？可以（同意）的回答:ok..sure,/ no problem./ Oh，no。please/.No，not at all./ Of course not./.No，go ahead.不可以（介意）的回答: Sorry, I can't.My hands are full/ Please don′t„„because„.../Better not，please./ I＇d rather you didn＇t./I am sorry，but„„ 2.Would you mind me sitting here? 不介意（同意）的回答: Not at all/.No, I don't.Of course not.I don't mind.介意的回答: sorry, this seat is taken.15.Take it easy别紧张16·Take your time别忙，慢慢来17·Thank you anyway无论如何还是要感谢你。（当别人尽力要帮助你却没有帮成时）18.It is a deal.一言为定.。就这么定了。19.That is something.太好了，太棒了。20·.Go ahead 去吧，干吧21·Never mind没有关系，不要紧。22.I had a sound sleep我睡得很好。Sound“（身体）健康的，（睡眠等）充分的”23·Forget it/It does not matter./That is all right.对于对方的道歉的用语。“算了吧，没有事。”24.Guess what?为向别人报告一件不寻常的事情时的用语，意为“你猜是什么事？你猜怎么着？
三.高考阅读题理解高频难词
（熟读这些词，只需要做到形意相连就可以）
Abstract摘要 抽象的 academic 学术的 acquire 获得 取得 accomplish 完成 aptitude才能 资质 approach 途径 方法 靠近appropriate适当的 associate联合 联系 alternative二者择其一 awkward 笨拙的 attendance 出席 appetite爱好 食欲 胃口adapt 使„..适应 charming迷人的 career生涯 职业 comply 答应 遵从 complex 复杂的 confuse使困惑 coincide与„..一致，符合 campus（大学）校园 community社区 团体construct构建 建设 ceremony仪式 典礼 criticize 批评 评论 courteous有礼貌的deserved理所当然的 应得的decline下降 衰退 default默认值 假设值 deliberate仔细思考的 深思熟虑的 distinction差别 不同 divine 神圣的 definition 定义 defend 防卫 distinguish区别 辨别 evaluate 评估 评价eventually最终 empirical 经验主义的 executive行政的 ethnic民族的 种族的 elegant 优雅的 evoke唤起 引起 essence 本质 精髓 enterprise企业家entrepreneur企业 inancial财政的 fabulous传说中的 难以置信的factor因素 gallery 美术馆 infect传染 感染 indicate指示 表明 显示 involve包含 使陷入 individual个人的 literature文学 文献 misuse误用mortgage 抵押 maintain维持 保持 坚持 overcome克服 occupant占有者 居住者 psychological心理学的priority优先权 phenomenon现象 promote促进 提升 促销 perceive感知 察觉 理解 resources资源 reservation预定 representative代表routine 常规的 例行的 rival对手 竞争者 rob 抢 shortage缺乏 summarize总结
sufficient足够的 substance物质 sacrifice牺牲 sympathy同情 transition过渡 转变 trai特征 特点 underline在„下划线unofficial非官方的 workload工作量 visual视觉的
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