第一篇:文内注释与参考文献 书写规则
英语专业本科论文参考文献和文内注释格式
1.参考文献(references)
凡引用本人或他人已公开或未公开发表文献中的学术思想、观点或研究方法、设计方案等,不论借鉴、评论、综述,还是用做立论依据、学术发展基础,都应编入参考文献目录。
参考文献是论文中引用文献出处的目录表(文内夹注中出现的文献才能列入参考文献)。直接引用的文字应直录原文并用引号括起来。直接、间接引用都不应断章取义。
每篇论文至少要查阅15篇(部)左右的参考文献,其中含外文文献。
每一参考文献条目的最后均以“.”结束。
对文献的作者不超过三位时全部列出;超过三位时只列前三位,后面加“等”字或英文三位作者后面加“et al”。
英文文献按作者“姓”的首字母顺序排列。中文按作者“姓”的拼音首字母顺序排列。
英文文献在前,中文文献在后。
如果某一条文献第一行顶格写,如果超出一行,第一行以下各行悬挂缩进1.5 字符。(详见下面的例子)
中文文献姓名为(拼音)姓名+汉字姓名,拼音的 “姓”和“名”之间用逗号断开。(详见下面例子)
英文字体 Times New Roman, 中文字体“宋体”。 各类参考文献标识、编排格式及示例如下:
A.文献类型和电子文献载体标志代码:
(1)文献类型和标志代码
①期刊[J] ②专著[M] ③论文集[C] ④学位论文[D] ⑤专利[P] ⑥标准[S] ⑦报纸[N] ⑧技术报告[R] ⑨数据库[DB] ⑩计算机程序[CP] ⑩电子公告[EB]
(2)电子文献载体和标志代码
①磁带[MT] ②磁盘[DK] ③光盘[CD] ④联机网络[OL]
(3)电子文献载体类型的参考文献类型标识方法为:[文献类型标识/载体类型标识] ①联机网上数据库[DB/OL] ②磁带数据库[DB/MT] ③光盘图书[M/CD]
④磁盘软件[CP/DK] ⑤网上期刊[J/OL]
⑥网上电子公告[EB/OL]
B.参考文献著录格式及示例:
(1)期刊中的文献——作者.年.题名[J].刊名,卷(期):起止页码.
示例:
Collins, C.& Trofimovich, P.& White, J.et al.2009.Some input on the easy/difficult grammar question: an empirical study[J].Modern Language Journal, 93: 336-353.Hedge, T.1993.Key concepts in EFL: project work [J].ELT Journal, 47(3): 275-277.Xia, Jimei夏纪梅.2011.首届“外研社杯”全国大学英语教学大赛决赛述评[J].英语教师(3):2-4.
Zhou, Qingrong & Zhang, Zeting & Zhu, Meiwen et al.周庆荣,张泽廷,朱 2 美文,等.1995.固体溶质在含夹带剂超临界流体中的溶解度[J].化工学报,46(3):317-323.(2)专著——作者.出版年.书名[M].其他责任者.版本(第一版不著录).出版地:出版者:引文页码.
示例:
Fried-Booth, D.L.2002.Project Work [M].2nd ed.Oxford: Oxford University Press.Sapir, E.萨皮尔.1921/2001.语言论[M].陆卓元, 译.北京: 商务印书馆.(3)论文集中析出的文献——作者.出版年.题名[C] // 编者.论文集名.出版地:出版者:起止页码.
示例:
MacWhinney, B.2001.Last words [C] // Cenoz, J.& Genesee, F.Trends in Bilingual Acquisition.Amsterdam: John Benjamins: 257-264.Chen,Siqing陈思清.1992.从图式论看阅读的心理过程[C] // 桂诗春.中国学生英语学习心理.长沙:湖南教育出版社:154-155.(4)学位论文——作者.年份.题名[D].保存地点:保存单位.示例:
Chrisstoffels, L.A.J.1988.Carrier-facilitated transport as a mechanistic tool in supramolecular chemistry[D].The Netherland: Twente University.Chen,Jinmei陈金梅.2000.氟石膏生产早强快硬水泥的试验研究[D].西安:西安建筑科学大学.(5)报纸——作者.题名[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次)3 示例:
Chen,Zhiping陈志平.减灾设计研究新动态[N].科技日报,1997-12-12(5).(6)电子文献——作者.日期.题名[电子文献及载体类型标识].文献出处.
示例:
Butler, J.& Tsoulas, G.2006.Get-passives, raising, and control[EB/OL].http://,1998-08-16/1998-10-04.7.注释: 人文社会科学学科通常有注释,注释主要对文章中某些内容进行补充说明和解释,一般排在地脚(脚注)或集中列于文末(尾注)参考文献之前。提倡采用本学科学术规范,提倡使用脚注。
注意:如果引用的是没有具体著者的材料,如字典,新课标,网上的encyclopedia等以加脚注的方式注明出处,而不添加到“References”里。
8.附录:未尽事宜可将其列在附录中加以说明。论文有关的数据表、符号说明、计算程序、运行结果等均可列在附录中。
2.文内夹注(in-text citation)
(1)来自专著或文章的直接引语,作者姓名在文中已经出现
格式:(页码)
例如:
Rees(241)said, “As key aspects of learning are not stable, but changeable, this opens the way for the role of the teacher as the pre-eminent mediator in the process”.(2)来自专著的直接引语,作者姓名在文中没有出现
格式:(作者姓+空格+页码)
例如:
“One reason perhaps is that the Chinese audience are more familiar with and receptive to Western culture than the average English readers is to Chinese culture”(Fung 71).(3)如果引述的内容为大段原文(超过四行),所引原文令起一行,左右各缩进2个字符,改用单倍行距,引文用冒号引出,引文不加引号。
例如:
He is aware of the politics of his choice and that English is not the natural medium for his social novel.He describes his process of creation thus: I found, while writing spontaneously, that I was always translating dialogue from the original Punjabi into English.The way in which my mother said something in the dialect of central Punjabi could not have been expressed in any other way except in an almost literal translation, which might carry over the sound and the sense of the original speech.I also found, that I was dreaming or thinking or brooding over two-thirds of the prose narrative in Punjabi, or n Hindustani and only one-third in the English language.This happened usually while I was writing stories and novels.(Anand 1979:36)
(4)来自专著的间接引语或提到某人的观点,作者的姓名在文中没有提到
格式:(作者姓+空格+引文来源页数)
例如:
Before the 1590s most lyric poetry in England did not appear in print(Kastan 156).From another angle, let’s have a look at the numeral idioms’ expression.They are mostly used as metaphors, in most situations;they loose their meanings of number and become a symbol related to a certain thing or a certain attribute of a thing(Williams, Bowers and Day 8).(5)如果一个思想被多于一位作者提及过,引用时要将这些作者都列出来。
格式:(作者姓+空格+发表年份;作者姓+空格+发表年份;作者姓+空格+发表年份…)
例如:
Looking at different, possibly innovative, procedures for the development of rating scales can help address the issue of reliability and validity.As has been stated repeatedly in recent language testing “state of the art” papers(Alderson 1991;Bachman 1991;Skehan 1991), new avenues for assessing communicative abilities more successfully must continue to be explored.(6)转引:如果在一篇文章或一部著作中看到该文章或著作的作者引用其他人的观点,而又找不到改观点所出自的原始文献,可以用转引形式。
例如:
“To be able to see yourself teaching is worth hours of other types of observation.”(Bloom, qtd in Britten and Sow 25)
注:应该尽可能少地使用转引方式。过多的使用转引会使论文的可信度下降。
(7)如果论文是谈论一部小说或诗歌,可能会频繁引用小说或诗歌中的原文,无需在每一次引用时都要标明作者的姓。只在第一次引用这部小说或诗歌中的内容时标明作者的姓,而在以后的引用中只标明页数即可。
例如:
Readers of The Sound and the Fury instinctively suspect the idiot’s story although “he knows lot more than folks thinks”(Faulkner 35), his fusing consciousness implies a camera-like aspect.He does it to stop the process that is separating him from the past, to isolate Caddy “out of the loud world”,(160)to live in an innocent world.“Because Father said clocks slay time.He said time is dead as long as it is being clicked off by little wheels;only when the clock stops does time come to life.”(81)
(8)如果引用的文献的两个不同的作者有相同的姓,那么注释时将作者的“名”的首字母标出来。
例如:(M.Moore 21)(T.Moore 166)
如果两个作者的“名”的首字母也相同,就拼出其全“名”。
例如:(Marianne Moore 112)(Merrill Moore 28)(9)
如果引用的文献是同一个作者同一年的多部作品, 注释时使用字母a, b, c …区别不同的作品,具体格式如下。
The second approach, developed most fully by Aoun and Li(1993a: 123).… … Aoun and Li(1993b: 198)argue that … …
而在论文后面的参考文献中将相应的引文列出来,各式如下:
Aoun, J.& Li, Y.-H.A.1993a.Syntax of scope[M].Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.Aoun, J.& Li, Y.-H.A.1993b.Wh-elements in-situ: syntax or LF? [J] Linguistic Inquiry 24: 199-238.
第二篇:外文文献注释规范
外文文献注释规范
引证外文文献,原则上以该文种通行的引证标注方式为准。
引证英文文献的标注项目与顺序与中文相同。责任者与题名间用英文逗号,著作题名为斜体,析出文献题名为正体加英文引号,出版日期为全数字标注,责任方式、卷册、页码等用英文缩略方式;期刊文章题名为正体加英文引号,登载的刊物题名为斜体。
单页为p.79.两页以上为pp.79-90.两个p
示例1:专著
Randolph Starn and Loren Partridge, The Arts of Power: Three Halls of State in Italy, 1300-1600, Berkeley: California University Press, 1992, pp.19-28.示例2: 译著
M.Polo, The Travels of Marco Polo, trans.by William Marsden,Hertfordshire: Cumberland House, 1997, pp.55, 88.示例3: 主编
T.H.Aston and C.H.E.Phlipin(eds.), The Brenner Debate.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985, p.35.示例4: 析出文献
R.S.Schfield, “The Impact of Scarcity and Plenty on Population Change in England,” in R.I.Rotberg and T.K.Rabb(eds.), Hunger and History: The Impact of Changing Food Production and Consumption Pattern on Societ,Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983, p.79.示例5: 期刊
Heath B.Chamberlain, “On the Search for Civil Society in China”, Modern China, vol.19, no.2(April 1993), pp.199-215.
第三篇:毕业论文注释书写要求
毕业论文注释书写要求
求黑体三号、位于第一行、居中参考写法1苏惠祥《中国当代合同法论》吉林大学出版社1992年4月第1版第231页。
2、3同上第300页。
4郑玉波《民法实用》中国法制出版社1969年3月第1版第109-111页。下略宋体五号、从第三行具体要求正文中注释用阿拉伯数字标注标注为上标用中括号显示按ctrl.shift.键即可。注释原则上不得少于15个。1中文独立文献注释格式首次引用注明著者姓名、文献名、卷册序号、出版地、出版单位、出版时间、页码再次引用同一文献来源的资料时只需注出作者姓名、著作名和资料所在页码如在同一页并且紧接同一资料来源的上一注释可以用“同上”代替作者姓名、著作名仅标明页码转引按上述要求标明原始资料出处用句号结束。用“转引自”表明转引标明载有转引文献的资料出处。2中文标出文献注释格式引证标注内容及顺序为作者写出文献名文集编者文集题名卷册出版者与出版时间版本页码。具体标示分为以下几类①专著作者.书名M.出版地.出版年.②期刊:作者.题名J.刊名出版年卷期:起止页码.③论文集:作者.论文集名C出版地:出版社.出版年.起止页码.④学位论文:作者.题名D.保存地点:保存单位年.⑤专利文献:专利所有者.题名P.专利国别:专利号出版日期.⑥电子文献:责任者电子文献题名电子文献及载体类型标识.电子文献网址.年-月-日.文献作者3名以内的全部列出3名以上则列出前3名后加“等”英文加“etc”3引用在网络媒体首次发表研究成果的必须注明网址对于非首次发表的网络资料必须注明其首次发表的媒体名称。4其它来源文献注释可根据具体情况参照有关学术刊物标注。
注释统一使用尾注。尾注按文中各注释出现的先后编写注释号并按顺序排列于文章末尾。
第四篇:英语本科毕业论文注释、文献与致谢样本
四川大学本科毕业论文
《喜福会》中的中国文化背景分析
Notes
(1)The three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son and husband guides wife.The five constant virtues: benevolence, righteousness, propriety, knowledge and sincerity.(2)Lao Tzu: The founder of Taoism.Born in the State of Zhou in the Spring and Autumn Period, he worked for some time in the Zhou government.He was searching for a way that would avoid the constant feudal warfare and other conflicts that disrupted society during his lifetime.The result was his book: Tao-te-Ching, which contains about 5,000 words on dao and de, or the way and its functions.Others believe that he was a mythical character.(3)John King Fairbank: A Francis Lee Higginson Professor of History at Harvard University and director of the East Asian Research Centre at Harvard.(4)Wuxing and Fengshui: Wuxing or the Five Elements are: Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water.They are the grounding theory for yin-yang balance.The Five Element theory views the Universe and its functioning as being cyclical and interactive.Accordingly, all of the “ten thousand things” within it are interdependent.Fengshui, or geomantic omen, is closely related to Wuxing.The Fengshui theory holds that the location of a house or tomb has an influence on the fortune of a family.Taoists believe good Fengshui could keep the yin-yang balance and could bring fortune.四川大学本科毕业论文
《喜福会》中的中国文化背景分析
Bibliography
Chang, K.C.Food in Chinese Culture: Anthropological and Historical Perspectives, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1977.Ebrey, Patricia B.Chinese Civilization A Sourcebook.New York: The Free Press, 1993.____ The Cambridge Illustrated History of China.London: Cambridge University Press, 1996.Eng, Kuan Khun.“The Changing Moral Economy of Ancestor Worship in a Chinese Emigrant District.” Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 23(1999): 99-132 Fairbank, John.K & Goldman, Merle.China: A New History.London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1998.Niu, Weihua & Sternberg, Robert J.“Societal and School Influences on Student Creativity: the Case of China.” Psychology in the School 40(1)2003: 103-114 Tan, Amy.The Joy Luck Club.New York:Ballantine Books,1990.
Tuan, Nien-Tsu & Ryan, Tom.“Is the Wind, or the Flag, Moving? An Oriental Perspective on the Complex Problem.” System Research and Behavioral Science 19(2002): 271-279 Wang, Huarong.“The Bridge of Cultural Understanding in The Joy Luck Club”, Journal of Honghe University 2(2004): 40-43.Wang, Qi & Li, Jin.“Chinese Children’s Self-concepts in the Domains of Learning and Social Relations.” Psychology in the School 40(1)(2003): 85-101.Zhu, Zhichang.“Confucianism in Action: Recent Developments in Oriental Systems Methodology.” System Research and Behavioral Science 15(1998): 111-130.陈爱敏.当代美国华裔文学的文化关照.文史哲, 2003(4): 116-120.何立群, 吴金平.风水对小说《喜福会》创作的影响.八桂侨刊, 2002(4): 50-52 何立群.五行理论与《喜福会》的成功.暨南学报(哲学社会科学版),2005(3): 74-77 胡勇.文化的乡愁—美国华裔文学的文化认同.北京:中国戏剧出版社,2003. 胡勇.论美国华裔文学中国神话与民间传说的利用.外国文学研究, 2003(6): 87-92 令狐萍.金山谣—美国华裔妇女史.北京.中国社会科学出版社,1999. 潘军武.不可思议的中国人:《喜福会》中的异国情调与东方主义.武汉大学: 2002.彭逢春, 罗婷.从《喜福会》探析谭恩美的文化身份.邵阳学院学报(社会科学版),2004-04(2): 74-76 张瑞华.解读谭恩美《喜福会》中的中国麻将.外国文学评论, 2001(1): 95-100 赵文书.Positioning Contemporary Chinese American Literature in Contested Terrains.南京:南京大学出版社,2004. 四川大学本科毕业论文
《喜福会》中的中国文化背景分析
Net.1: 陈启智.儒家思想与家庭伦理.2006-01-20, http:// Net.3: Tan, Amy.An Interview 2006-1-20
http://www.xiexiebang.com/authors/au-tan-amy.asp 四川大学本科毕业论文
《喜福会》中的中国文化背景分析
(本篇“致谢”仅供参考,非唯一或标准文本)
Acknowledgements
First of all, I would like to express my appreciation to all the teachers at the School(College)of __________, Sichuan University, whose instructions and guidance have made my three/four years at the university a truly rewarding experience.In particular, I wish to extend my sincere gratitude to Prof.___, Prof.___, … and Prof.___, from whose lectures I have profited tremendously over the past few years.Words fail me when I try to express my heartfelt thanks to my supervisor, ____, for all his/her inspiring ideas and kind help throughout the process of my thesis writing.Without his/her helpful suggestions, guidance and patience, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible.My thanks also go to my fellow classmates and friends who have rendered me their generous help.I am particularly grateful to my parents for their strong support and deep care given to me during the process of my thesis writing.I am also deeply indebted to the authors mentioned in the bibliography.Their academic researches have given me a great deal of inspiration.It is my pleasure to dedicate this thesis to them all.
第五篇:java文件头注释格式
myeclipse中java文件头注释格式设置
2011-10-08 13:11:33| 分类: IDE|举报|字号 订阅
windows->preferences->java->Code Templates->comments->Type->edit Eclipse注释规范模版总结 新建类文件 /** * @ClassName: ${file_name} * @Description: ${todo}(用一句话描述该文件做什么)* * @author ${user} * @version V1.0 * @Date ${date} ${time} */ 方法 /** * @Title: ${enclosing_method} * @Description: ${todo}(这里用一句话描述这个方法的作用)* @param: ${tags} * @return: ${return_type} * @throws * @author ${user} * @Date ${date} ${time} */
输入设置模板:
/** * ${file_name} Create on ${date} * * Copyright(c)${date} by taotaosoft * * @author Jerryli * @version 1.0 * */
注意选择自动添加注释
养成一个规范的习惯是最好的。
选菜单 windows-->preference Java-->Code Style-->Code Templates code-->new Java files
选中点编辑
${filecomment} ${package_declaration} /** * @author 作者姓名 E-mail: email地址 * @version 创建时间:${date} ${time} * 类说明 */ ${typecomment} ${type_declaration}
Eclipse注释规范模版总结
1、具体操作
(1)在eclipse中,打开Window->Preference->Java->Code Style->Code Template(2)然后展开Comments节点就是所有需设置注释的元素,参照2注释规范对应设置即可
2、注释规范
(1)文件(Files)注释标签 /** * FileName: ${file_name} * @Description: ${todo}(用一句话描述该文件做什么)* All rights Reserved, Designed By ZTE-ITS * Copyright: Copyright(C)2010-2011 * Company ZTE-ITS WuXi LTD.* @author: 名字 * @version V1.0 * Createdate: ${date} ${time} * * Modification History: * Date Author Version Discription * * ${date} wu.zh 1.0 1.0 * Why & What is modified: <修改原因描述> */
(2)类型(Types)注释标签(类的注释):
/** * @ClassName: ${type_name} * @Description:${todo}(这里用一句话描述这个类的作用)* @author: Android_Robot * @date: ${date} ${time} * * ${tags} */
(3)字段(Fields)注释标签:
/** * @Fields ${field} : ${todo}(用一句话描述这个变量表示什么)*/
(4)构造函数标签:
/** * @Title: ${enclosing_type} * @Description: ${todo}(这里用一句话描述这个方法的作用)* @param: ${tags} * @throws */
(5)方法(Methods)标签:
/** * @Title: ${enclosing_method} * @Description: ${todo}(这里用一句话描述这个方法的作用)* @param: ${tags} * @return: ${return_type} * @throws */
(6)覆盖方法(Overriding Methods)标签: /** *
Title: ${enclosing_method}
*Description:
* ${tags} * ${see_to_overridden} */(7)代表方法(Delegate Methods)标签: /** * ${tags} * ${see_to_target} */
(8)getter方法标签:
/** * @Title: ${enclosing_method}
* @Description: please write your description
* @return: ${field_type}
*/
(9)setter方法标签:
/** * @Title: ${enclosing_method}
* @Description: please write your description
* @return: ${field_type}
*/ ren