新东方考研英语长难句分析技巧及实战70例

第一篇：新东方考研英语长难句分析技巧及实战70例

考研英语长难句分析技巧及实战70例

长难句在考研阅读、完型填空和翻译中的出现频率很高，无论句子有多长、结构有多复杂，它都由一些基本的成分组成的。从结构来说，英语句子中，除了谓语之外，其它的成分均可以由从句或者非谓语动词来充当。从句子本身是一个完整的句子，因此，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、套嵌，也可能并列，平行。从功能来说，英语有三大复合句，即:①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;②形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句;③状语从句。非谓语动词可以有自己的时态和语态（过去分词除外），也可以跟自己的逻辑主语、宾语、状语等成分，构成一个非谓语动词结构。由于非谓语动词和从句的这些特点，使英语句子从理论上讲可以无限延长。

英语长句的分析方法：去枝叶，留主干。1）划出句子中的定语从句和状语从句;2）划出所有介词短语（位于be动词后的除外）；

3）名词性从句看作一个整体,找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;4）非谓语动词结构看作一个整体；

5）找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干； 6）分析从句的结构和非谓语动词的内部结构。长难句分析的步骤举例：

经典例题（2001年考研完型填空第二段）

In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins.分析: 第一，划出定语从句和状语从句: that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity /that can be given to a case /before a trial begins.第二，划出介词短语：In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press 第三，句子的结构分析:（1）主干结构是主语（Lord Irvine含同位语the Lord Chancellor）+将来时谓语（will introduce）+宾语（a draft bill）；

（2）that引导的定语从句修饰draft bill,其中，will propose 是第一个谓语，making payments to witnesses illegal是一个动名词短语做宾语，在动名词短语内部，payments to witnesses做making的宾语，illegal是宾补；第二个谓语是will strictly control, the amount of publicity是它的宾语。that can be given to a case before a trial begins是孕含有一个时间状语从句（before a trial begins）的定语从句，修饰publicity。

请大家按照上述步骤认真分解以下70个句子，并把分解后的句子读熟甚至背过，则基本上可以解决考研长难句问题。

1.This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.结构分析:句子的主干是This will be particularly true„。since引导原因状语从句。此从句中又套嵌一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰the high-energy American fashion。在定语从句中，that做主语，makes做谓语，it做形式宾语，不定式短语to combine few farmers with high yields则是真正的宾语（不定式短语内部to combine是主干，few farmers是宾语，with high yields是状语），possible

做宾语补足语。this指代前句中提到的这种困境。energy pinch译为“能源的匮乏”;in„fashion译为“用„方法、方式”。

译文：这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏，高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式将很难在农业中继续下去，而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。

2.Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter，we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison.结构分析:句子的主干是we must be sure„。since引导原因状语从句the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter。主句中又有that引导的宾语从句that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison。此宾语从句中又套嵌一个由介词with+which引导的定语从句with which we are comparing our subjects修饰先行词the scale。scale在此处意为“尺度、衡量标准”。

译文：既然对智力的评估相比较而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对象进行比较时，我们所用的尺度能够提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。

3.In general，the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can be not well defined.结构分析:句子的框架是the tests work most effectively when„and least effectively when„。and连接两个并列分句，每个并列分句中皆有一个when引导的时间状语从句分别说明work most effectively和and（work）least effectively。第二个时间状语从句中还有一个主语从句what„predicted。the tests是主句的主语，work为动词做谓语。qualities在此处是可数名词，不译为“质量”，而译为“特征”。defined不能直译为“被定义为”，而应译为主动语态“界定”。

译文：一般来说，当所需要测定的特征能被精确界定时，测试最为有效;而当所测定或预测的东西不能被明确界定时，测试效果最差。

4.For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.结构分析:句子的框架是they do not compensate„，and thus do not tell how„。and连接两个并列分句，第二个并列分句中由how引导的宾语从句是一个带有虚拟条件句的主从复合句，其中had he grown up„（=If he had grown up„）是省略了连词if的非真实条件句。主句主语的they，在此代指上文提到的tests;able在句中作might have been的表语。underprivileged在此不能译为“没有特权的”，而译为“没有地位的”或“物质条件差的”。

译文：例如，测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公;因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境中成长的话，会有多大才干。

5.It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset：it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans，or with no consideration at all.结构分析:句子的框架是It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that„。冒号后的复合句是对冒号前部分作进一步说明。复合句中that引导宾语从句，从句中有either„or„引导的两个并列的介词结构作状语，修饰动词be treated，其中第一个with介词结构中还有一个省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句humans extend to other humans，修饰the consideration。it代指上文的观点，即如果对人权没有达成一致看法，而谈论动物的权利是徒劳的。介词短语at the outset译为“从一开始”。动词invites应转译为“使”、“让”或“促使”。动宾结构extend consideration to意为“给予关怀或关心”，consideration不应译为“考虑”。

译文：这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向极端，它使人们认为应该这样对待动物:要么像对人类自身一样关怀体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。

6.But even more important，it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past，for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.结构分析:句子的框架是it was the farthest that„。但It was„that„在本句中不是强调句型。it是指上句中所提到的150亿年前形成的巨大云团（a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion light-years from earth）;that引导的应是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the farthest。for引导的是表示原因的分句，分句中还有that引导的定语从句，修饰the patterns and structure。

译文：但更重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的有关过去的最为遥远的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。

7.Thus it happened that when the new factories that were springing up required labor，tens of thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workers，with their wives and children，were forced into the cities in search of work，and any work，under any condition，that would keep them alive.结构分析:句子的框架是it happened that„。it做形式主语，that引导的从句做真正的主语。主语从句中，又有一个由when引导的时间状语从句，主句为tens of thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workers„were forced„，时间状语从句中从句主语the new factories又带有一个定语从句that were springing up;that would keep them alive做work的定语从句。spring up意为“发生，出现，建立”。译文: 于是就出现了这样的情况:正当新办的工厂纷纷建立，需要劳动力的时候，成千上万无家可归、饥肠辘辘、以农业为生的劳动者携家带口，被迫进入城市;他们要找活干，不管什么活儿，不论什么条件，只要不被饿死就行。

8.As a result of two or three centuries of scientific investigation we have come to believe that nature is understandable in the sense that when we ask her questions by way of appropriate observations and experiments，she will answer truly and reward us with discoveries that endure.结构分析:句子的框架是„we have come to believe that„。that引导的从句做believe的宾语从句;此从句中有一个that从句作the sense的同位语从句;同位语从句中又套嵌一个由when引导的时间状语从句;此时间状语从句又套嵌一个定语从句that endure，修饰其先行词discoveries。by way of意为“经由，通过„方法”;reward sb.with意为“以„报答，酬劳”;endure此处应译为“持久，持续”,不要译为“忍受，容忍”。

译文:由于两三个世纪以来的科学研究成果，我们逐渐相信，如果运用合适的观察和实验方法向大自然探究问题，她会真心实意地给我们答复，并且以永垂不朽的发现来报答我们。从这个意义上来说，大自然是可以认识的。

9.These new observational capabilities would result in simply a mass of details were it not for the fact that theoretical understanding has reached the stage at which it is becoming possible to indicate the kind of measurements required for reliable weather forecasting.结构分析:句子的框架是These new observational capabilities would result in simply a mass of details„。后面紧跟省略了if引导的虚拟条件句were it not for the fact that„，即if it were not for the fact that„;that从句作the fact的同位语从句。此从句中又套嵌一个定语从句，修饰其先行词the stage;required for reliable weather forecasting为过去分词短语修饰the kind of measurements。simply译为“只不过，仅仅”，不应译为“简单地”。

译文：理论上的认识已达到了这样一个阶段,即现在已能指出需要哪种测量方式才能可靠地预报天气。如果做不到这一点，那么上述这些新的观察能力只不过提供了一大堆细节而已。

10.The story of the discovery of what is now generally called the principle of Archimedes，namely that a solid body when immersed in a liquid loses a portion of its weight of the liquid it displaces，has many different versions，of which the following is one.结构分析:句子的框架是The story„has many different versions„。what is now generally called the principle of Archimedes为名词性从句做介词of的宾语。namely that a solid body„作the principle of Archimedes的同位语;when immersed in a liquid是省略了主语的过去分词短语，句子补充完整为when the solid body is immersed in a liquid，修饰其主句a solid body loses a portion of its weight of the liquid„;it displaces是省略了关系代词that的定语从句修饰the liquid，it代指前面提到的the solid body;同时，of which the following is one又构成先行词versions的定语从句。displace意为“排（水）”;version不译为“版本”，此处指“根据个人观点的（对事件等的）说法，看法”;句尾的one代指a version。

译文:当固体浸没到液体中时，固体会失去它所排出的液体的那部分重量，这就是现在通常所谓的阿基米德原理。有关这一发现的故事说法众多，下面的故事就是其中之一。

11.We assumed that there were forces of attraction between molecules which varied rapidly with the distance so that the attraction between molecules that were more than a few ten millionths of a millimeter apart was very small but became considerable when the molecules approached more closely.结构分析:句子的框架是We assumed that there were forces of attraction„。that引导宾语从句。此宾语从句中套嵌一个由which引导的定语从句修饰先行词forces of attraction;so that the attraction between molecules„是so that结构引导的结果状语从句;在此状语从句中，除主干结构the attraction„was very small but became considerable„，又有that were more than a few ten-millionths of a millimeter apart做定语从句修饰先行词molecules和when the molecules approached more closely做状语从句，修饰„but became considerable。considerable译为“相当大（或多的）”。

译文：我们曾经假定，分子之间存在着引力，这种引力随着分子之间距离的不同而有显著的变化，因而，在间距为千万分之几毫米的分子之间的引力是很小的，但是分子靠得很近时，这种引力会变得相当大。12.This need is enshrined in the concept of sustainable development，which means that we must，for the benefit of coming generations，leave enough environmental space so that these generations will be able to address their needs and fulfill their aspirations.结构分析:句子的框架是This need is enshrined in the concept of sustainable development„。其后紧跟着一个which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词sustainable development。此定语从句的谓语动词means又套嵌一个that引导的宾语从句，即we must„leave enough environmental space。此宾语从句中又有so that结构做此从句的目的状语。be enshrined in意为“被深深地珍藏（或铭记）在„”，此处转译为主动语态“纳入到”。sustainable development译为“可持续发展”。

译文：这一需要被正式载入可持续发展的概念之中。所谓可持续发展是指:为了子孙后代的利益，我们必须保留足够的生存环境空间，以满足他们的需要，施展抱负。

13.Painting lacks only the means to represent movement in time and space，which is the special property of sculpture and architecture，since a painting is designed to be seen from one point at one time，whereas sculpture and architecture are created to be seen from various points of view，thus supplying movements in space and time.结构分析:句子的框架是Painting lacks only the means„,since„。since引导的原因状语从句修饰主句;关系代词which引导的定语从句修饰the means to represent movement in time and space;property在此处应译为“性质,特性”,不译为“财产,资产”。

译文：绘画缺少的仅仅是表现空间与时间变化的手法，而这正是雕塑与建筑的特性。绘画时只要求在某一时刻，从空间的一点来欣赏，而雕塑和建筑的创造则要求从各个角度来欣赏，这样就表现出了空间，时间的变化。

14.Once intimidated by arguments that their children would feel more at home in bilingual classes，and that they might lose their heritage in regular classes，these women have since given voice，loudly and persuasively，to what they know from experience that unless they are fluent in the language of their adopted country，their children will never attend college or land any but the most menial of jobs.结构分析:句子的框架是these women have„given voice„to what they know from experience that„。that从句做experience的同位语从句;此从句中又套嵌一个unless引导的条件状语从句;Once intimidated by arguments是过去分词做状语修饰these women，其施动者arguments又有两个that引导的同位语从句修饰限定它。intimidated by arguments意为“被论点搞得惊慌害怕”;feel at home不能直译为“感到在家”，而译为“感到自在”;give voice to意为“表达，表露”;land jobs译为“找到工作”。译文：有人说，孩子们在双语课堂里会感到更加自由自在，而在正规班级会丧失其传统文化。这几位母亲曾被这一论点搞得惶恐不安，现在发表了最响亮，最有说服力的意见。从她们自身的经验中，他们深知:如果孩子们不熟练掌握他们所移居国家的语言，除了那些最简单的体力活儿外，根本谈不上上大学，也谈不上找到理想的工作。

15.The presumption on which human cloning rests is that all these cells，though now specialized，still contain exact copies of the original set of genetic instructions needed to make an entire individual and can do so if a way is found to switch them back on.结构分析:句子的框架是The presumption is that all these cells„contain genetic instructions„and can do so„。其中介词on加which引导定语从句修饰主语the presumption;that从句为表语从句;此表语从句中contain和can do并列做all these cells的谓语;表语从句中又插入一个though引导的省略了主语all these cells的让步状语从句，补充完整为though these cells are now specialized;needed to make an entire individual为过去分词短语做genetic instructions的后置定语;并列谓语can do so又有if条件句修饰。rest on意为“依赖”。为避免重复do so代替前文提到的make an entire individual。译文：人类克隆赖以存在的假定是:虽然所有的细胞现已全部特化，但却仍然包含有发育为完整个体所需的与母体完全一致的全部遗传指令;如果能找到一个方法使失去作用的部分恢复作用，这些细胞就能发育成为完整的个体。

16.Thus，a regularity for which there are general theoretical grounds will be more readily called a natural law than an empirical regularity that cannot be subsumed under more general laws or theories.结构分析：句子的框架是a regularity„will be more readily called a natural law than an empirical regularity„。介词for加关系代词which引导定语从句修饰a regularity。an empirical regularity后又有定语从句that cannot be subsumed under more general laws or theories修饰。grounds意为“根据，理由”;subsume意为“把„归入，纳入”。

译文：因此，与一条不能被归入更普遍的法则或理论而是基于经验的规律相比，一条具有普遍理论依据支持的规律很可能被认可为一条自然法则。

17.It is because of the close association in most people’s minds of tools with man that special attention has always been focused upon any animal able to use an object as a tool，but it is important to realize that this ability，on its own，does not necessarily indicate any special intelligence in the creature concerned.结构分析:句子的框架是It is because of„that„，but it is important to realize that„。but连接两个并列句，but前的并列分句为It is„that„强调结构，强调because of引导的状语。but后的并列分句又有that引导的宾语从句做realize的宾语。the close association in most people’s minds of tools with man中注意in most people’s minds把the close association of tools with man（工具与人类的密切联系）分隔开来。两个并列句中分别有able to use an object as a tool和concerned分别做其前面名词animal和the creature的后置定语。man根据上下文在此处指“人类”，而不是“男人”;not necessarily译为“不一定、未必”;on its own意为“独立地，凭自己力量”，在此转译为“就其自身而言”。

译文： 正是由于在大多数人头脑中工具与人类联系密切，人类才特别关注有能力把物体当工具使用的任何一种动物。但值得注意的是，这种能力就其自身而言，并不表明这种动物有什么特别的智慧。

18.The point at which tool using and tool making acquire evolutionary significance is surely when an animal can adapt its ability to manipulate objects to a wide variety of purposes，and when it can use an object spontaneously to solve a brand-new problem that without the use of a tool would prove insoluble.结构分析:句子的框架是The point„is„when„and when„。两个when引导的从句为并列的表语从句。at which tool using and tool making acquire evolutionary significance为定语从句修饰主语the point;第二个when引导的表语从句中也有that引导的定语从句修饰a brand-new problem。ability to manipulate objects译为“操纵物体的能力”;„a brand-new problem that without the use of a tool would prove insoluble中without和insoluble为双重否定可译成肯定句。

译文：当一种动物能够使自己操纵物体的能力适用于更广泛的目标范围，并且能够自发地使用物体解决只有通过工具才能解决的崭新问题时，工具的使用和制造就肯定达到了具有进化意义的阶段。

19.It was the desire to be scholarly that brought about a wave of Latin terms which appeared in the 16th century when the humanist movement brought new impetus to learning throughout Europe.结构分析:句子的框架是It was the desire„that brought about a wave„。it is„that„是强调句型，强调主语the desire to be scholarly。关系代词which引导定语从句,修饰Latin terms;关系副词when引导定语从句,修饰century。句中scholarly做“博学多才”讲;humanist movement译为“人文主义运动”;impetus意为“动力,促进”。

译文：在16世纪的时候，人文主义运动促进了欧洲各国的学术运动，人们都想显示自己的博学多才，从而出现了一股使用拉丁字词的潮流。

20.So don’t be surprised if you never encounter some of the expressions that still appear in school textbooks;and next time you hear somebody using a strange word you haven’t heard before，you can comfort yourself that there may well be a native speaker somewhere who doesn’t know it either.结构分析:句子的框架是„don’t be surprised if you„;and next time„，you can comfort yourself that„。分号连接两个并列分句。在前面句子中，if引导状语从句;关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰expressions。在后面句子中，you hear„是省略了关系副词when的定语从句，修饰next time;you haven’t heard before又是省略了关系代词which的定语从句，修饰strange word;主句是you can comfort yourself that„，这里的that引导宾语从句，而关系代词who引导定语从句，修饰native speaker。may和well连用表示有充分的理由，译为“（完全）能，（很）可能”。

译文：因此，如果在某些教科书里你碰到某些词组是你从未见过的，你不必惊讶。如果下次你听到有人用一个你以前从未听到过的新词，你可以这样安慰自己说，很可能在什么地方有一个讲英语的本地人也不认识这个字呢!21.Despite the saying that one never knows if lightning strikes him，a person can sometimes feel the bolt coming and if quick enough，take protective action in time.结构分析:句子的框架是a person can„feel the bolt and„take protective action„。and连接两个并列的谓语动词。句首despite是介词引导介词短语作状语，此短语中that引导的名词性从句做saying的同位语，此同位语从句中，if lightning„是一个名词性从句，作know的宾语，if在句中相当于whether。主句中if quick enough补充完整为if he is quick enough，是条件状语从句，为take action的前提条件。句中bolt译为“闪电”。

译文:尽管人们常说一个人从来不知道是否遭到闪电的袭击，但是一个人有时能感觉到闪电的到来，如果动作快，就能及时采取保护措施。

22.The“shareholder”as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.结构分析:句子的框架是The“shareholder”as such had no knowledge„, and his influence„was not good.。and连接两个并列的分句。as such做The“shareholder”的定语，employed by the company in which he held shares是过去分词短语作定语，修饰workmen，分词短语中含有in which he held shares定语从句，修饰company。

译文：这样的股东，对他拥有股份的公司里所雇用的工人们的生活、思想和需求一无所知，而且他们对劳资双方的关系，也不会产生积极的影响。

23.The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.结构分析:句子的框架是The paid manager was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen„。acting for the company做the paid manager的定语，which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away做that familiar personal knowledge的定语，now passing away做the old family business的定语。

译文:受聘于公司并代表公司的经理与工人及其需求的关系更加直接，但是,就连他对工人们也没有那种熟识的私人之间的了解。而在现在，正在消失的古老家族公司的那种更加家长式制度下的雇主们，却常常对他们的工人有这样的私人关系。

24.When a journalist recently accused the company of lacking integrity in its testing of beauty products，the company overtly appealed to the public by citing its corporate brand，which was firmly associated in people’s minds with strong ethical standards concerning animal rights.结构分析:句子的框架是When„，the company overtly appealed to the public„。when引导时间状语从句。主句中关系代词which引导定语从句修饰corporate brand，此定语从句中in people’s minds把associated with分隔开来。beauty products译为“美容产品”。

译文：有一名记者近日指责该公司在美容产品的测试上缺乏整体性，该公司公开利用其公司品牌求助于公众。在公众的心目中，该品牌同关系到动物权利的道德标准息息相关。

25.However，the criminals quickly came to realize that the real value in the computers is in the chip which is remarkably portable and unidentifiable，so even when caught the police have trouble proving the theft.结构分析:句子的框架是the fraternity„came to realize that„so„the police have trouble„。这是一个并列复合句，两个句子由so连接。在前面句子里that引导宾语从句，做realize的宾语;此从句中又有which引导的定语从句修饰the chip;so后面句子里when caught是过去分词做状语，when caught即when the thief was caught;proving是现在分词，修饰trouble。

译文: 但偷盗者认识到，电脑中真正值钱的东西是芯片（或叫集成电路片），这是可以随身携带和无法识别的。即使当场被抓住，警察也难以证明那是偷来的。

26.Although perhaps only 1 percent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns，so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.结构分析:句子的框架是Although„，so vast is the number of planets that„。主句为so„that„结构引导的结果状语从句，因强调vast,so vast放在句首进行倒装,正常语序为the number of planets is so vast that„。although引导让步状语从句。此从句中套嵌一个关系代词that引导的定语从句修饰life。be bound to意为“一定,必定”。

译文: 虽然在某处已经开始的生命中，可能仅有百分之一会发展成高度复杂、有智慧的形式，但是行星的数目如此之多,以致于有智慧的生命,一定是宇宙的一个天然组成部分。

27.Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners;and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.结构分析：句子的框架是Such large, impersonal manipulation greatly increased „shareholders as a class, an element„主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定，并且分句是由两个and相连的3个部分组成的。分句an element„landowners 又带有两个定语，一个是representing„，另一个是detached„。译文： 对资本和企业进行大规模的非个人操纵，大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量和重要性。这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分，代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地所有者应尽义务的分离，而且也几乎与责任管理相分离。

28．Towns like Bournemouth and Eastboune sprang up to house large “Comfortable“ classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management.结构分析：Towns„sprang up„classes who„, and who„。分析句子主干很容易看到这也是一个典型的定语从句结构，分句由who„,and who„两个并列结构组成。注意like并不是谓语而是介词短语作定语，真正的主句谓语是sprang of。retire on指“依靠什么而退休（多跟表收入的名词）”。that of drawing dividends

结构中，draw是收取的意思，dividend指红利，that of sth结构是名词性的，that指代relation。注意后面还有attending和drawing并列。

译文：像Bournemouth和Eastboune这样的城市，兴起了大批隐退的享乐阶层人士，他们靠自己的收入，在这里过着悠闲的生活。他们与群体之外的人没有联系，只是分取红利，偶尔参加股东会议，对管理人员发号施令。

29．Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc., like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea.”

结构分析：句子主干Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down„, like a„, considering them as„, in which a„”，considering„分句是现在分词做状语，可以拿到句首，也可以在句尾，in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea是非限定性定语从句。

译文：罗博特•富尔顿曾经写道，机械工将坐在杠杆、螺丝、楔、轮子等周围，像诗人对待字母表中的每个字母一样，把它们作为自己的思路展示，每一个新组合都传递一个新概念。

30．Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs.Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.结构分析：句子主干Some of these causes are reasonable results„, Others are consequences of advances„。主语是some of these causes，实际的主语就是some，不过谓语是单数还是复数则取决于of后面的成分是单数还是复数。being to some extent self-accelerating是现在分词短语做定语，意为“属于”。

译文：在这些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求，另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生的，某些特定发展的必然结果。

31．This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.结构分析：句子主干是This trend began during…, when…引导时间状语从句, 第一个that引导同位语从句，表明conclusion的内容。第二个that引导的是修饰demands的定语从句。

译文：这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府向科研机构提出的具体要求，通常是无法详尽预见的。

32．This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.结构分析：句子主干是This seems…done by supporting a certain amount of research not…but…，not…but句型，意为“不是……而是……”

译文：给某些与当前目标无关，但将来可能产生影响的科研提供支持，看来通常能有效地解决这一问题。

33．However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascination and delightful aspects.结构分析：句子主干是However, the world is so made that…systems are…unable to deal with some of the…aspects。so made指“如此构成”，so和后面的that构成so…that结构，意为“如此…以至于…”。译文：然而,世界就是这样。一般而言,完美的体系无法解决世界上某些更加引人入胜的课题。

34．New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.结构分析：句子主干是New forms…must arise…as they have in the past。主语是new forms和new subjects，后跟介词短语as well as new subjects for thought，谓语是must arise。as在这里引导状语从句as they have in the past，have后省略了arisen，其内容与本句主语一致。giving rise to…是一个现在分词短语做状语。

译文：同过去一样，将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象，给完美以新的标准。

35．For Lloyd Nickson, a 54 years old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally III law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition.结构分析：句子主干是the NT Rights…means he can get on with living without…。For Lloyd Nickson, 是状语，“a 54 years old…cancer”为Lolyd Nicks的同位语。此句的核心结构为Rights means…，he can get on with living without…是一个宾语从句。

译文：对于现年54岁居住在达尔文的肺癌患者尼克逊来说，这个法案意味着他可以平静地生活下去，而无须终日担心将要到来的折磨：因呼吸困难而在煎熬中死去。

36．Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement.结构分析：句子主干Someone had nowhere to turn to。traveling是现在分词，是修饰someone的定语。if引导的从句中均省略了“主语＋be动词”的结构，这样显得句子简洁。

译文：独自旅行时，如果没有了食物，受了伤或者生了病，通常只能向最近的小屋或者村落求救。

37．We live a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances(drugs)is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.结构分析：句子主干是We live in a society。此句句子虽长，但是结构并不复杂，可以从冒号开始分为两个部分。in which引导了一个定语从句。该从句的分句谓语动词是is而不是are，是因为在这个从句中主语是use，而不是substances。在冒号后的部分中，quiet是及物动词，是“镇静”的意思。

译文：在我们生活的社会里，物质（药品）被广泛地运用于社交和医疗，比如说服用阿司匹林来缓解头疼，喝酒来应酬，早晨喝咖啡来提神，吸烟来镇定情绪等。

38．Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce

the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.结构分析：句子主干是Dependence is marked first by…, with…, and then by…。with引导的是伴随结构作状语，修饰的是整个第一分句描述的状态。and引导的分句省略了谓语动词marked，所以该分句并不隶属于第一分句，而是与之并列的结构，when引导的是第二个分句的时间状语从句。

译文：依赖最初表现为忍耐力增强，用量越来越大才能达到预期效果，一旦停用就会产生不舒服的症状。

39．But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle” between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.结构分析：句子主干是But he talked as well about …, and he announced that…由and连接的两个并列成分构成。第二个分句中有一个that引导的宾语从句。

译文：但他也谈到了创作自由与社会责任之间要“努力保持均衡”这一问题。他宣布公司将发起一次活动，以制定有关发行和标识可能招致大众反对的音乐的各种标准。

40．Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July.结构分析：句子主干是Average inflation fell。close to相当于省略了which was的非限制性定语从句。Before后面的成分是对全句的补充说明，是状语成分。状语成分可以置句首，也可以置句末，并无规定。之所以用rising，是因为before在这里是介词。

译文：去年,七大工业国家的通货膨胀率下降到了2.3%，接近30年来最低水平，今年7月才小幅上涨到2.5%，比许多国家70年代和80年代两位数低了很多。

41．Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack.结构分析：句子主干是Economists have been…surprised。主句用现在完成时have been…。Since引导的是表原因的状语从句。

译文：特别让经济学家感到诧异的是，英美两国的通货膨胀带来的是良性的结果。因为传统的分析方法表明，两国尤其是美国的经济生产,几乎没有闲置的生产资源。

42．Actually it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.结构分析：句子主干是Actually it isn’t…。主句很简单，而because引导的原因状语从句中，又有一个that引导的宾语从句。这个从句中，主语an agreed account of human rights由一个which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰，而这个非限制性定语从句中又有一个限制性定语从句the world does not have来修饰something。

译文：事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。

43．Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.结构分析：句子主干是Some philosophers argue that…。that引导的宾语从句中，as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements充当了补语的角色。

译文：有些哲学家主张说，权利只存在于社会契约中，是责任与利益相交换的一部分。

44．Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.结构分析：句子主干是Arguing from the view that humans are…, extremists of this…逗号前面是一个现在分词短语，做状语，里面又有一个that从句做the view的同位语，逗号后面的that从句是一个宾语从句。

译文：这类人持极端看法，认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同，对待动物无须考虑道德问题。

45．When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.结构分析：句子主干是When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is …instinct…, an instinct that should be…。以冒号为界，将全句分成两个复合句。前面的复合句里，when that happens是时间状语从句。冒号后面的复合句里有一个that从句，做instinct的定语。

译文：这种反应本身没有错，这是人类道德观念在进行推理时，本能在起作用，这种本能应得到鼓励而不应遭到嘲弄。46．The Aswan Dam, for example，stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods leftare only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and

machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.结构分析：句子主干是New ways of…workplace…are only one contribution to…, which is…, and…

两个破折号中间的成分为插入结构，可以视为括号里面的内容。Such as后面的内容是对many other factors的列举。在阅读的时候基本可以跳过不看，除非后面有细节题考查这里的内容。

译文：组织工作场所的新方法包括机构重组和缩小规模,这些只是促进某个经济实体的综合生产率提高的一项措施，还有其他许多因素可以促进生产率的提高，比如对机械设备的联合投资、采用新技术、对教育培训投资等。

49．His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied reengineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long term profitability.结构分析：句子主干是His colleague,…, says，that… 引导的是宾语从句, chopping out costs without giving sufficient…是现在分词短语结构做状语。without后面要跟动名词giving。

译文：他的同事迈克尔•比尔说，为数众多的公司以简单机械的方式进行结构重组，降低了成本，但却未能充分考虑长期赢利。

50.Levi Strauss persuaded the court that, by selling its jeans cheaply alongside soap powder and bananas, Tesco was destroying the image and so the value of its brands--which could only lead to less innovation and, in the long run, would reduce consumer choice.结构分析：that之后是一个宾语从句；by之后的动名词来做宾语从句的状语；宾语从句中which又引导了一个非限制性定语从句。

译文：利维.斯特劳斯公司使法庭相信特易购把利维牛仔服与皂粉，香蕉等放在一起廉价销售这一做法使其形象受损，品牌价值也因此受到了影响，这势必会使产品缺乏新意，最终减少消费者的选择。

51．Minority youths arrested on violent felony charges in California are more than twice as likely as their white counterparts to be transferred out of the juvenile-justice system and tried as adults, according to a study released last week by the Justice Policy Institute, a research center in San Francisco.结构分析：这是一个比较长的简单句。“more than twice as likely as their white counterparts”是一种表示倍数的表达方式；“to be transferred out of the juvenile-justice system and tried as adults”不定式短语来修饰white counterparts;“according to a study released last week by the Justice Policy Institute”做状语；“a research center in San Francisco”是“the Justice Policy Institute”的同位语。

译文：旧金山的一个研究中心--刑法政策研究所,上周发表的研究结果表明，在加利福尼亚，因为犯重罪被少年法庭转出,而以成人的身份被审判逮捕的非白人少年，比白人少年的两倍还要多。

52．Gaither's death has become a rallying point for gay-rights organizations' and state legislators' pushing a bill that would extend Alabama's three-year-old hate-crimes law beyond race, color, religion and national origin to cover crimes related to sexual orientation as well.结构分析：在for引导的介词短语中，that引导定语从句来修饰bill;related to sexual orientation as well来修饰crimes.译文：Gaither的死成为了一种推动力，促使那些维护同性恋权利的组织以及州立法委员去推行一项议案，使阿拉巴马已通过三年的仇视罪条文，除了涉及有关种族、肤色、宗教信仰、出身之外，也应该包括有关性倾向方面的罪行。

53.Chicago officials, along with the League of Cities and 31 states that sided with them in court, might do well to look at one state where anti-gang lingering prosecutions have withstood constitutional challenges: California.结构分析：“along with the League of Cities and 31 states”在句子中做伴随状语，其中that又引导定语从句进行修饰；主句中where又引导从句来修饰state。

译文：在加利福尼亚州，有关反帮派闲荡的起诉已经接受了来自宪法的挑战。芝加哥官员以及在法庭上支持他们的城市联盟和31个州政府，最好还是考虑这个州的做法为好。

54.Even before the tragedy, Pfingst had stood behind the controversial California law that mandates treating murder suspects as young as 14 as adults.结构分析：Even before the tragedy是本句的时间状语；主句是Pfingst had stood behind…;that 引导的宾语从句修饰law;在从句中，as…as是一词组，意思是“和…一样”；出现的第三个as是介词，和treat搭配，意思是“作为”。

译文：在这场悲剧发生之前，Pfingst就已经开始支持加利福尼亚州的一项有争议的法规。该法规规定，以成人身份受审的谋杀嫌疑犯的年龄，最小可以为十四岁。

55.The doctors said the rules could actually erode privacy, pointing to a provision allowing managed-care plans to use personal information without consent if the purpose was ”health-care operations.“

结构分析：本句中pointing to 这个做伴随状语的分词短语又包含了一个介词without引出的方式状语和由if引导的条件状语从句，使得句子的结构变得较为复杂。

译文：医生认为这些法规实际上是在破坏隐私权，因为其中一条法规规定，管理式医疗保健计划（managed-care plan）在“开展医疗保健工作”时,可以不经许可使用个人信息。

56.The 1993 Family and Medical Leave Act was supposed to help families like Garro’s, offering a safety net to employees who want to take time off to nurture newborns, tend to their own major illnesses or care for sick relatives.结构分析：本句的主干是The Act was supposed to help…。be supposed to do something 表示“应该做某事”，通常强调“义务，责任”等。Offering 至句子结尾是一个现在分词做状语，其中含有一个定语从句，定语从句中含有三个并列的动词短语做谓语，即want to…tend to…or care for…。safety net 原义是防止坠落受伤的“安全网”，在此引申为“安全保障”。

译文：1993年颁布的《家庭医疗休假法》本来应该帮助像加罗这样的家庭，为那些请假照顾新生儿、治疗重病或者照顾患病亲人的员工，提供一个安全保障。

57.A vague entity not legally required to disclose how it spent its money, the committee and its chief fund-raiser, Texas oilman(and now Commerce secretary)Don Evans, swiftly collected $8.3 million--more than twice the $3.9 million Al Gore's recount committee raised to pay its lawyers.结构分析：本句是个包含同位语和附近说明的长句。a nebulous entity not legally required to disclose how it spent its money 是委员会的同位语，起到补充说明的作用，而破折号之后的成分也是对句子的补充说明。

译文：法律不要求这个性质模糊的机构透露其使用资金的情况。该委员会和它的主要筹资人，得克萨斯州石油商人（现商务部长）唐.伊万斯很快就筹集了830万美元来支付律师费用，这笔钱是艾尔.戈尔重新计票委员会所筹集的390万美元资金的两倍还多。

58.And there the story might have ended but for the tireless efforts of Johan Reinhard, an independent archaeologist funded by the National Geographic Society.结构分析：句子主干the story might have ended there but for …本句中包含有虚拟语气，由but for 引导一个虚拟条件，表示“要不是…”；“might have done”表示本来可能会发生某事，对于这一类由介词或者介词词组引起的虚拟条件，学习者应该特别留心，否则就容易产生理解错误。可以引导虚拟条件的词还有without，otherwise等。

译文：要不是约翰莱茵.哈德的不懈努力，故事本来也许到此就结束了。莱茵哈德是一位由国家地理协会资助的独立考古学家。

59.What is frightening is that these discoveries make it clear how little astronomers know about planets, and they add to the dawning realization that our solar system--and by implication Planet Earth--may be a cosmic oddball.结构分析：句子主干本句what is frightening is that …是个复杂句，包含主语从句（what frightening），表语从句（is 后面的部分），宾语从句（how little引导的部分），同位语从句（realization后面that引导的部分），插入语等，另外一些成语词组的出现也增加了句子的难度，比如dawning realization（渐渐认识到），by implication（含蓄地, 用寓意）等。

译文：真正令人震惊的是，这些发现说明天文学家对于行星的了解十分有限，并且让人们清醒地认识到我们的太阳——不言而喻，还有地球这颗行星——也许是宇宙中的异数。

60.Well, it appears that increased air pollution during those 30 years--over Asia, in particular--with the help, perhaps, of some increased cloudiness, may have exerted a cooling influence on the surface of the planet even as carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases were encouraging the atmosphere to warm.结构分析：句子主干是it appears that…本句是一个宾语从句，其中“well”是一个语气词；宾语从句的主语是“increased air pollution”，其中“increased”是形容词；“over Asia, in particular”的作用是补充说明；“with the help, perhaps, of some increased cloudiness”是介词短语，用来补充说明主语；may have exerted a cooling influence 是宾语从句的谓语，even as的意思是“正当…的时候；恰在…的时候”，引导状语从句，用在本句中有一种对比的作用。

译文：在过去30年中，全球特别是亚洲不断加剧的大气污染，借助数量有所增加的云度可能对整个地球表面起了一种冷却作用，同时二氧化碳和其它温室气体却在促使大气变暖。

61.But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004(Latvia), and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007.结构分析：句子主干it is not far off that…and it is much the same as..这是一个复杂句，句子主体结构是一个并列句，在第一个并列分句里有一个which引导的定语从句修饰new members，在第二个并列分句里有一个which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰Bulgaria and Romania，还有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰accession talks。

译文：但是和2004年5月1日加入欧盟的十个新成员国之一（拉脱维亚）相比，土耳其差得并不算太远，但同保加利亚和罗马尼亚相比则相差无几。这两个国家本周刚刚完成加入欧盟的谈判，并将在2007年1月获得完全成员地位。

62.Mr Cantalupo was a McDonald's veteran brought out of retirement in January 2003 to help remodel the firm after sales began falling because of dirty restaurants, indifferent service and growing concern about junk food.结构分析：句子主干Mr.Canalupo was a McDonald veteran.表语veteran后面有一个过去分词短语brought out of retirement做后置定语，这个定语还带有自己的两个状语，一个是不定式短语做目的状语，另外一个是after引导的时间状语从句，这个从句中还有一个because of引导的原因状语。bring sb.out of retirement的意思是“将某人从退休状态召回”。

译文：坎塔卢波在麦当劳工作过多年，在公司因为餐厅环境不卫生，服务态度差，以及人们对“垃圾食品”的不断质疑导致业绩下降之后，2003年他被从退休中召回，帮助公司进行改革。

63.Even so, everyone at McDonald's must be hoping that it will be a long time before the firm faces yet another such emergency.结构分析：句子主干everyone must be hoping that…这个句子中包含一个由that引导的宾语从句和由before引导的状语从句。这个句子的难点在before这个词的理解上。通常before可以译为“才”。例如：It had been two days before I realized the problem.（过了两天我才意识到这个问题。）

译文：即便如此，相信麦当劳上下一定还是希望不要在近期内又面临这类紧急情况。

64.Merck, a pharmaceutical company in trouble over the possible side-effects of its arthritis drug Vioxx, is allowing its directors to run their full term before introducing a system in which they are all re-elected(or otherwise)annually.结构分析：句子主干Merck is allowing its directors to run their full term。句子的主语之后又一个较长的同位语短语，句子中还有一个before引导的状语，在这个状语中含有一个which引导的定语从句。before在这种情况下通常译为“才”。

译文：默克制药公司因为所生产的关节炎药物Vioxx,存在潜在副作用而陷入困境。现在，公司允许其董事任期直到届满，然后才会引入一个每年将所有人重新选任一遍（或者别的方法）的制度。

65.At the margin, extra demand has come from those who think dollars--indeed any money backed by nothing more than promises to keep inflation low--a decidedly risky investment, mainly because America, with the world's reserve currency, has been able to create and borrow so many of them.结构分析：句子主干extra demand has come。from这个介词所引导的状语中包含一个who 引导的定语从句修饰those，一个插入语，主句之后是一个because引导的原因状语从句。nothing more than的意思是“只不过，仅仅”。

译文：在此下跌情况下，导致金价上扬的额外需求来自于那些认为美元——或者任何一种依靠抑制通胀的许诺来支撑的货币—无疑是一种高风险投资的人,主要因为美国拥有美元这一世界储备货币，而且一直能够制造和借来很多美元。

66.Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from ”locals"--self-employed traders--is helping to prop up open-outcry, although some reckon that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems.结构分析：句子主干pressure …is helping to prop up open-outcry,这是一个复杂句，包含两个由although引导的让步状语从句。that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems做reckon的宾语.prop up的意思是“支持”。

译文：虽然其它绝大多数交易所正在取消这种公开叫价的交易方式，在纽约商品交易所这类商品市场里，来自“本地人”---那些自营商---的压力却起到了支持公开叫价的作用，尽管一些人估计客户为此要支付五倍于使

用电子系统的费用。

67.In his models, auctions that let buyers and sellers bid at any time like most of today's financial exchanges were less efficient than ones that required relatively more bids from either buyers or sellers.结构分析：句子主干是auctions… were less efficient than ones…，句子的主语auctions后面有一个that引导的定语从句对它进行修饰，句子主体结构中包含了一个比较级，在比较的对象ones后面也有一个that引导的定语从句对它进行修饰。

译文：在他的模型中，现今大多数金融交易中采用的让买卖双方随时竞价的拍卖方式，比起那些需要买卖双方提出更多竞价的模型，效率要低下。

68.The size of this cushion has triggered some calls for further liberalization of the complicated foreign-exchange controls that India still maintains, despite the move in 1993 towards rupee convertibility for trade purposes.结构分析：句子主干是The size of this cushion has triggered some calls…这一句虽然也包含一个定语从句，但结构并不算太复杂，容易造成理解困难的是cushion这个词。Cushion原意是“垫子”，这里引申为“缓冲不利后果的东西；保障”。

译文：尽管在1993年印度已允许进行以贸易为目的的卢比兑换，但印度目前的外汇控制非常复杂。现在有了这样的巨额储备作保障，一些人开始呼吁印度政府进一步放开现有外汇控制。

69.The experience of 1991, when India ran out of money, has left the central bank prone to caution--an approach it felt was vindicated by the East Asian crisis of 1997-1998.结构分析：句子主干是The experience…has left the central bank prone to caution.句中有一个以when引导的，修饰1991的定语从句和一个省略了that的，修饰approach的定语从句。

译文：1991年印度用完外汇储备的经历使中央银行倾向于谨慎方式 11997-1998年的东亚危机证实了这种方式的正确性。

70.Fiat's belated willingness to take tough steps to align capacity with demand is down to the group's new boss, Gabriele Galateri, chosen in June to rescue the firm, which is 30% owned by Agnelli family interests.结构分析：句子主干是Fiat belated willingness…is down to the group new boss.主语后面带有一个不定式短语作定语，过去分词chosen所带的短语作了boss的定语，后面还有一个which引导的非限制性定语从句。

句子译文：菲亚特迟迟不愿采取强硬措施使产需一致，直到六月份加布里埃莱•加拉泰雷临危受命，成为集团新任总裁，这种状况才有所改变。该公司30%的股份由艾格尼尔利家族所拥有。

第二篇：2018考研英语长难句翻译技巧：分句法

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

2018考研英语长难句翻译技巧：分句法

长难句是考研英语翻译和阅读中常见的一个难点，是考生必须要攻克的壁垒之一。攻克长难句的指导思想就是拆分解读，需要考生配合相应的一些技巧，本文中要分享的就是长难句翻译的分句法，大家理解学习。

2018考研英语长难句翻译技巧：分句法

分句法，有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切，翻译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯，把长句的从句或短语化成句子，分开来叙述，为了使语意连贯，有时需要适当增加词语。例如：

例 1.The number of the young people in the United States who can`t read is incredible about one in four.上句在英语中是一个相对简单的句子，但是如果我们按照原文的句子结构死译，就可能被翻译成：

没有阅读能力的美国青年人的数目令人难以相信约为 1/4。这样，就使得译文极为不通顺，不符合汉语的表达习惯，因此，我们应该把它译为：大约有 1/4 的美国青年人没有阅读能力，这简直令人难以置信。

例 2.Television,it is often said,keeps one informed about current events,allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics,and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining.(85 年考题)

分析：在此长句中，有一个插入语“it is often said”，三个并列的谓语结构，还有一个定语从句，这三个并列的谓语结构尽管在结构上同属于同一个句子，但都有独立的意义，因此在翻译时，可以采用分句法，按照汉语的习惯把整个句子分解成几个独立的分句，结果为：人们常说，通过电视可以了解时事，掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。

下面我们再举一个例子：

例 3.All they have to do is press a button,and they can see plays,films,operas,and shows of every kind,not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match.(85 年考题)

他们所必须做的只是按一下开关。开关一开，就可以看到电视剧、电影、歌剧，以及

其他各种各样的文艺节目。至于政治问题的辩论、最近的激动人心的足球赛更是不在话下。

页 共 1 页

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

例 4.Although perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns，so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.虽然在某处已经开始的生命中可能仅有百分之一会发展成高度复杂、有智慧的型式，但是行星的数目如此之多，以致有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一个天然组成部分。

长难句是考研英语翻译和阅读中常见的一个难点，是考生必须要攻克的壁垒之一。攻克长难句的指导思想就是拆分解读，需要考生配合相应的一些技巧，凯程网考研频道本文中要分享的就是长难句翻译的分句法，大家理解学习。

2017考研英语长难句翻译技巧：分句法

分句法，有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切，翻译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯，把长句的从句或短语化成句子，分开来叙述，为了使语意连贯，有时需要适当增加词语。例如：

例 1.The number of the young people in the United States who can`t read is incredible about one in four.上句在英语中是一个相对简单的句子，但是如果我们按照原文的句子结构死译，就可能被翻译成：

没有阅读能力的美国青年人的数目令人难以相信约为 1/4。这样，就使得译文极为不通顺，不符合汉语的表达习惯，因此，我们应该把它译为：大约有 1/4 的美国青年人没有阅读能力，这简直令人难以置信。

例 2.Television,it is often said,keeps one informed about current events,allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics,and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining.(85 年考题)

分析：在此长句中，有一个插入语“it is often said”，三个并列的谓语结构，还有一个定语从句，这三个并列的谓语结构尽管在结构上同属于同一个句子，但都有独立的意义，因此在翻译时，可以采用分句法，按照汉语的习惯把整个句子分解成几个独立的分句，结果为：人们常说，通过电视可以了解时事，掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。

下面我们再举一个例子：

例 3.All they have to do is press a button,and they can see plays,films,operas,and shows of every kind,not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match.(85 年考题)2 页 共 2 页

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

他们所必须做的只是按一下开关。开关一开，就可以看到电视剧、电影、歌剧，以及

其他各种各样的文艺节目。至于政治问题的辩论、最近的激动人心的足球赛更是不在话下。

例 4.Although perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns，so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.虽然在某处已经开始的生命中可能仅有百分之一会发展成高度复杂、有智慧的型式，但是行星的数目如此之多，以致有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一个天然组成部分。

其实看看凯程考研怎么样，最简单的一个办法，看看他们有没有成功的学生，最直观的办法是到凯程网站，上面有大量学员经验谈视频，这些都是凯程扎扎实实的辅导案例，其他机构网站几乎没有考上学生的视频，这就是凯程和其他机构的优势，凯程是扎实辅导、严格管理、规范教学取得如此优秀的成绩。

辨别凯程和其他机构谁靠谱的办法。

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

页 共 4 页

第三篇：考研英语长难句分析之_特殊句式(DOC)

第五讲 特殊句式及长难句解析

1．简单句、并列句、复合句

从句: 名词性：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句

形容词性：定语从句

副词性：状语从句---时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、比较、方式

2．省略句、比较结构、倒装句、分割结构

英语中还有一些特殊句式，出现在阅读理解中，势必会成为我们理解文章的障碍。但是，特殊句式还是有语法规律的，因此，如果我们能熟练应用特殊句式的语法规律，在阅读中一眼就能识别并领会这些特殊语法现象，障碍就基本克服了。

1.省略句

资料47 To err is human;to forgive, divine.Brevity is the soul of wit.文体畅晓，其智乃见。（省略是将句子中的赘述部分删去，避免重复，使句子更简洁，加强表达内容的连贯性和逻辑性。被省略的部分大多是主语、谓语或谓语中的助动词等。文章中的省略现象会使句子成分短缺，造成句子不完整，如果看不出句子中省略了什么成分，就容易造成对文章的理解困难。

省略句一般只有当各组成部分有共同的成分才可能出现省略。对于这类句式，其难点在于发现省略成分，一旦找出并补充完整，句意理解就会大大简化。

省略句如果出现在翻译中，在翻译的时候，一定要把省略的部分翻译出来，否则会扣分。A：and 连接的并列句的省略

材料48页：Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.（2002）

分析：很明显，and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem，是一个省略句，with做状语一般表示伴随，这一个分句只有一个状语加一个名词结构，构不成一个完整的句子。实际上，与前句相同的成分才会被省略，前一句的谓语部分是：will continue to be rejected.所以，后一分句补充完整就是：with the rejection of the technology of behavior, possibly the only way to solve our problem will continue to be rejected.练习：1.The reasons for poverty are many, but for the most part center on illiteracy, the lack of opportunities and in some cases pure laziness.(主语 the reasons)2.He majors in English, and I, in French.(谓语 major)3.Self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismay.(省略主谓)B：状语从句中的省略

规则：当主句的主语与从句主语一致时候，且从句的谓语动词是Be动词时候，从句可省略 主 谓。See 材料48页 1.让步状语从句 2 时间状语从句

3．If handled properly and not misused, the clone technology will only bring more benefit than disaster to mankind.(条件状语从句)4．Some people look as if afraid of nothing.(方式状语从句)5．The computer is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary.（比较）

真题例句1 Actually we know of no type of astronomical body in which the conditions can be favorable to life except planets like our own revolving round a sun.这是复合句。in which引导定语从句，修饰astronomical body.介词except引起的短语作

the more people online, the more potential customers there are。

The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be.【分析】本句主干使用了the more…the more…（越……越……）的结构。you have 是省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰先行词foreign capital;现在分词结构helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure作foreign capital的后置定语。逗号之前是由which引导的非限定性定语从句which today is an electronic infrastructure，修饰前面的Third Wave infrastructure。

【翻译】你拥有的用于建造第三次浪潮基础设施（今天主要指电子基础设施）的外国资金越多，你将越富有。

3．倒装结构

倒装是一种语法手段，用以强调某一句子结构或某一句子成分。

倒装分为两种：将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，叫做完全倒装；只将助动词（包括情态动词）移至主语之前，叫做部分倒装。

Then began a hot debate between the two parties.(完全倒装)Never have we found him in such a good mood.（部分倒装）

理解倒装句的有效对策是找到句中的主语、谓语，进而将谓语动词还原到主语之后按照正常语序再来完整的理解该句话。See 材料 51页

☆ 例句分析：see 材料 59页

Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition.【解析】本句是全部倒装句，正常语序为The picture…is emerging from the 1980 census…, 倒装的原因是这个句子主语the picture 后面的现在分词结构developing more and more regional competition作nation的后置定语。句末是由as引导的时间状语从句，表示一种伴随状态。【翻译】1980年美国人口普查表明：国家内部地区间的竞争越来越激烈了。

4.分隔结构 所谓分隔结构，就是两个语法或语义关系密切的成分之间插入了其他成分，造成原本应该紧靠一起的两个成分相分离的现象。常见的分隔形式有：1.主语与谓语的分隔

This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.【分析】本句主干是This success…led Ericsson to conclude…,逗号之间的过去分词结构coupled with later research…将主语This success和谓语led分隔开，构成了分隔结构。此分隔结构中现在分词短语showing…作定语，修饰later research；由that引导的宾语从句that memory itself is not genetically determined,作showing的宾语。主句的宾语Ericsson之后的不定式结构to conclude…作宾语补足语，此不定式结构中又包含一个宾语从句that the act…is more…than…,作conclude的宾语，其中包含一个more…than…的比较结构。【翻译】这项成功以及后来表明记忆本身并不是由基因决定的研究使埃里克逊得出这样的结论：记忆是一种认知行为，而不是天生的。

2.谓语动词与宾语的分隔、See 材料 54页

3.定语或定语从句与先行词的分隔等

一言九鼎，但安特吉（Entergy）公司显然不是这样。这家公司是新英格兰地区的主要能源供应商。当它在上周宣布摒弃一个长久的允诺的时候 —— 即不再遵守该州严格的核能规定，其这一举动理所当然引起了佛蒙特州（Vermont）人们的强烈愤慨。

相反，公司的所作所为恰恰背离它当初曾许下的承诺：在联邦法院上挑战佛蒙特州法规的合宪性。为了竭力维持佛蒙特杨基（Yankee）核电站的运行，背信弃义是它采取的部分手段。这可谓惊世之举。

这种冲突自2002年以来就出现了苗头。在2002年，公司购买佛蒙特州仅有的一所核电站 —— 位于佛蒙镇上的一个日益老化的反应堆。作为让州政府批准这项购买协议的条件，公司同意在2012年以后向该州的管理部门申请经营权。在2006年，佛蒙特州更进一步，要求核电站的任何执照延期必须经过佛蒙特州立法部门的审批。当时，公司也照着做了。

或许是Entergy公司从未真正想履行这些承诺，或者是根本没有预见未来会发生的状况。事故接连不断发生，包括2007年冷却塔部分垮塌以及地下管道系统发现了泄露，让人们对佛蒙特Yankee核电站的安全性及Entergy公司的管理产生了严重怀疑 —— 尤其在公司在对管道泄露问题上做出了误导性表述之后，人们更加怀疑。佛蒙特州的参议院被Entergy公司的行为激怒了，在去年以26票对4票否决了Entergy公司的一个延期申请。

现在，公司突然声称，因为2006年制定的法案，2002年的那个协定便失效了，并且只有联邦政府才具有对核电站问题的监管权。这个案件涉及的法律问题还很模糊：尽管最高法院已经规定各州在核电站的监管上有一定的权力，但是法律学者认为佛蒙特州的情况将会提供一个先例，来验证这些权力可能延伸到何种程度。当然，人们真正担心的是，如果各州都制定自己的法规，随之便产生修补性法规。但是，如果Entergy公司能够遵守诺言的的话，这种争论也就没有意义了。

该公司似乎已经得出结论，它在佛蒙特州已名誉扫地，那么和州政府打一场官司也不担心会遭受更大的损失。但是，这样做还是会产生严重的影响。公众出于信任，才允许经营核电站。Entergy公司在美国还经营其他11个反应堆，其中包括普利茅斯（Plymouth）的“朝圣者”（Pilgrim）核电站。公司保证让Pilgrim核电站安全运转，并向联邦政府申请，批准其延长20年的经营许可。但是，当核研究委员会（NRC）在审查公司申请的时候，应该切记Entergy公司的哪些诺言还靠得住。

考研英语语法精讲讲义(4)：特殊句型之倒装

作者：新东方屠皓民 阅读：1256 评论：0 收藏

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基本句型

主谓宾定状表

I like watching the romantic movies in my spare time.He is a famous teacher in this university.谓语动词的助动词 watch---do watched---did watches---does has/have watched---has/have had watched---had can watch---can 全部倒装

—— 谓语动词放置在主语之前

An old man lives in the city center.= In the city center lives an old man.A temple stands on the mountain.= On the mountain stands a temple.全部倒装？

强调句中的地点副词或状语 There goes the bus.In the city center lives an old man.Under the tress sat a wounded soldier.With economic growth has come centralization: fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation house-holds.考研阅读全部倒装难点： 分词结构的倒装

(a)All kinds of sea animal bodies are buried in the deep sea.(b)Our teacher was walking at the head of the line.Buried in the deep sea are all kinds of sea animal bodies.Walking at the head of the line was our teacher.(a)Added to the stress is their opportunity for stress.(2008)(b)Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.部分倒装

—— 主语和谓语动词位置不变，将谓语动词的助动词放置到主语的前面。Only with you can I feel happy.Little does he care about what I said.什么时候需要部分倒装？

（1）句首出现否定词 never, nor, seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, rarely, few等 I never trust you.= Never do I trust you.He seldom believes the information from the Internet.= Seldom does he believe the information from the Internet.(2)否定词组在句首

He no longer works for the money, but for the personal development.= No longer does he work for the money, but for the personal development.(3)only+状语/状语从句在句首

We can achieve the goal only in this way.= Only in this way can we achieve the goal.(a)Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own.(b)Only when the meeting was over was he able to meet his friend.(4)so 或so引导的短语放在句首要部分倒装 He saw the film.So did she.【 ? So he did.】

-She is a student.8-

第四篇：第二部分 历年考研英语长难句分析

Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.[句子主干]Dependence is marked first by…, with…, and then by…

[语法难点]有并列从句和省略。With引导的是伴随结构作状语，修饰的是整个第一分句描述的状态。and引导的分句省略了谓语动词marked，所以要注意其实该分句并不隶属于第一分句，而是与之并列的结构。

[句子翻译]依赖的最初表现为耐受力增强，用量越来越大才能达到预期效果，一旦停用就会产生不舒服的症状。

[翻译技巧]有些同学遇上伴随结构就不知道如何翻译了，其实只要按照原来的语序顺次翻译就是。

13．But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle” between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.[句子主干]But he talked as well about …, and he announced that…

[语法难点]该句没有从句结构，而是由and连接的两个并列成分构成。用would是因为表达了某人的主观态度和意愿。

[句子翻译]但他也谈到了创作自由与社会责任之间要“努力保持均衡”这一问题。他宣布公司将尽力对可能招致大众反对的音乐制定各种发行和标识的标准[翻译技巧]虽然没有从句结构，但是由于句子太长，有众多的修饰成分，所以建议还是拆为两句较好。

14．Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July.[句子主干]Average inflation…fell to a mere…, close to its…, before

[语法难点]有省略。close to分句是非限定性定语从句，省略了which was。Before后面的成分是对全句的补充说明，是状语成分。状语成分可以置句首，也可以置句末，并无定规。之所以用rising，是因为这里需要一个名次性的结构the inflation which was，这样显得简洁得多。

[句子翻译]七大工业国家的通货膨胀率去年下降到了2.3%，接近30年来最低水平，今年7月才小幅上涨到2.5%，比许多国家70年代和80年代两位数低了很多。

[翻译技巧]the big seven industrial economies是指西方七大工业国。close to是靠近的意思。fall to是“跌落至……”的意思。

15．Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack.[句子主干]Economists have been…surprised by…and…, since…,and especially…, have …

[语法难点]主句用现在完成时have been…是因为经济学家长时间以来关注，现在也在关注，是一个从过去持续到现在的动作。Since引导的是表原因的状语从句。

[句子翻译]特别让经济学家感到诧异的是，英美两国的通货膨胀带来的是良性的结果，因为传统的分析方法表明，两国尤其是美国的经济生产几乎没有出现滑坡。

[翻译技巧]favorable表示的是“非常好的”，不是“非常喜欢的”，与个人取向没有关系。productive slack是“生产滑坡”的意思。

16．Actually, it isn't, because it assumesthat there is an agreed account of human rights, which is somethingthe world does not have.[句子主干]Actually it isn’ t, because it assumes that…, which is…

[语法难点]有套合从句。本句为主从复合句。主句很简单，而because引导的原因状语从句中，又有一个that引导的宾语从句。这个从句中，主语an agreed account of human rights由一个which引导的飞行定性定语从句修饰，而这个非限定性定语从句中又有一个限定性定语从句the world does not have来修饰something。

[句子翻译]事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同的认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。

[翻译技巧]agree为“约定的”意思，agreed account直译为“约定的看法”，意译为“共同的认识”。可见翻译中一定要结合汉语的语言习惯灵活转换。an agreed account of human rights不可译为“有同意的人权记录”。此外，将不定代词具体化，也更符合汉语习惯。

17．Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.[句子主干]Some philosophers argue that…, as part of an exchange of…

[语法难点]该句仍为主从复合句That引导的宾语从句中，as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements充当了补充语的角色。

[句子翻译]有些哲学家论证说，权利只存在社会契约中，是责任与利益相交换的一部分。

[翻译技巧]要正确选择contract的词义，不要译成从此“收缩，缩小”Argue不要译成“争论”，而要灵活处理成“论证说”。

18．It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.[句子主干]It leads the discussion…: it invites you to think that…, or with…

[语法难点]有并列从句和省略。冒号把句子分成两部分，后一部分对前面部分作进一步解释说明。前面部分是简单句。后面部分是复合句。that引导的宾语从句中，主语是animals，谓语是should be treated，either… or…引导两个介词短语作状语，either引导的介词短语中，humans extend to other humans是一个省略引导词that的定语从句。

[句子翻译]

这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。

[翻译技巧]it 的所指要明确。leads thediscussion to extremes译成“将讨论引向两个极端”，at the outset译成“从一开始”。注意把被动句译为主动句，更合乎汉语习惯。

第五篇：【海文考研英语】：实例分析：考研英语长难句结构分析技巧

【海文考研英语】：实例分析：考研英语长难句结构分析技巧

在考研英语试卷中，长难句日益成为科技文体中出现频率很高的考试重点。同时，它也是

翻译题中常出现的考查难点。对于考生来说，长难句也是考卷中得分较难的一部分。所以，万

学海文以实例为据，向2013 届正处于考研复习中的同学们，讲一讲考研英语长难句的结构解 析技巧。

英语长句也就是复杂句，里面可能会有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可可能为并列，包含与被包含、镶嵌等形式。因此分析长难句或者翻译长难句，首要解决的应该是弄清楚从句

以及清楚从句之间的关系。英语经常出现的复合句包括：名词性从句，它又包括主语从句、宾

语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；形容词性从句，即定语从句；另外还有一种叫做状语从句。那么，有些同学可能会问，究竟该怎样来分析长难句呢？有以下几点最为基础的步骤需要

考生们记住：

1、找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干结构；

2、找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词；

3、分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等；

以及词，短语和从句之间的关系；

4、分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。依照上面四个结构分析步骤，我们对下面的句子进行了分解与解析，希望同学们能够在看

完例子后，有进一步的理解。

例句：In Africa I met a boy，who was crying as if his heart would break and said，when I spoke to him，that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days.例句分析：

第一，拆分句子。

这个长句可以拆分为四段：①“In Africa I met a boy”②“who was crying as if his heart would break”、③“when I spoke to him，that he was hungry because”、④“he had had no food for two days”.第二，句子的结构分析。

（1）主干结构是主语+过去式+宾语——“I met a boy”；

（2）“crying”后面是壮语从句“as if his heart would break”；（3）“when I spoke to him”是介于“said”和“that he was hungry because”之间的插入语。

第三，难点部分的处理。

“crying as if his heart would break”应译为哭得伤心极了。参考译文：

在非洲，我遇到一个小孩，他哭得伤心极了，我问他时，他说他饿了，两天没有吃饭了。

以上是对于一般长难句的结构较为基础的解析方法。长难句的解析方法具体来讲可以分为

分译法、顺序法、综合法、逆序法等。

1、分译法

有些英语长句的主句与从句或主句与修饰语间的关系并不十分密切，为使意思连贯，可把

长句中的从句或短语化为句子分开来叙述，有时还可适当增加词语。例如：“He became deaf at five after an attack of typhoid fever.”该句有两个介词短语，代表两层意思。因此，按照分译法，打破原句的结构翻译成：他五岁的时候，生了一场伤寒病，变成了聋子。

2、顺序法

有些英语长句按逻辑关系安排，与汉语的表达方式比较一致，或者叙述的一连串动作按发生的

时间先后安排，这类句子可按原文顺序译出。这里不予以举例。

3、逆序法

逆序法即倒置法。有些英语长句的表达次序与汉语习惯不同，甚至语序完全相反，这就必

须从原文的后面译起，逆着原文的顺序翻译。例如：“There was little hope of continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose in a neighborhood that was strange to me.”该句可分为三 部分①“There was little hope”；②“continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose”；③

“in a neighborhood that was strange to me.”前两层表结果，第三层表原因。这句英语长句的叙

述层次与汉语逻辑相反，因此要打破原句的结构，按照汉语造句的规律重新加以安排。译为，这一带我不熟悉，天黑以后继续进行调查，取得结果的希望不大。

4、综合法

另有一些英语长句用前三种翻译方法翻译时都有困难，需要用综合法。即或按时间先后，或按逻辑先后，或按逻辑顺序，有顺有逆地进行综合处理。例如：“The phenomenon describes the way in which light physically scatters when it passes through particles in the earth’s atmosphere that are1/10 in diameter of the color of the light.”该句可以分解为四个部分①“The phenomenon describes the way”；②“in which light physically scatters”；③“when it passes through particles in the earth’s atmosphere”；④“that are1/10in diameter of the color of the light.”其中，第一、二和 三、四部分之间是修饰与被修饰的关系。用综合法来处理这个句子，即合译前三部分，第四部

分用分译法，这样译出来的句子就非常符合汉语的表达习惯。译为，这种现象说明了光线通过

地球大气微粒时的物理散射方式。大气微粒的直径为有色光直径的十分之一。通过对近年来试题的分析，我们可以看出，长难句结构复杂，逻辑性强，翻译起来困难相

当大。但是，无论多长的句子、多么复杂的结构，它们都是由一些基本的成分组成的。只要弄

清英语原文的句法结构，找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思，然后分析各层意思之间的逻 辑关系，再按汉语的特点和表达方式就可以译出原文了。在长句的英译汉实践中，我们始终应

记住英汉在句法结构上的差异，不必拘泥于形式。