原来是因为这些原因,我们才不会分析考研英语长难句

第一篇：原来是因为这些原因,我们才不会分析考研英语长难句

原来是因为这些原因，我们才不会分析长难句

来源：文都图书

许多同学在复习长难句时，发现自己不是特别能分析好长难句。这很有可能是因为以下几个原因。

首先，不清楚英文转化为中文过程中真正的障碍是什么——是语义和语序。分析长难句时，往往还受汉语语序影响，不能从英语语序的角度分析。何凯文老师2017《考研英语长难句解密》对长难句都有中文翻译和解析，让我们能更加清晰地了解语义和语序。

其次，没有一个完整的语法体系。对英语语法认识不够清晰，没有形成完整的语法体系。何凯文老师2017《考研英语长难句解密》在讲解长难句时，也从从句等语法角度编排内容，让我们不仅了解长难句，而且也进一步完善我们的语法体系。

再次，没有学会识别句子中的障碍。何凯文老师的2017《考研英语长难句解密》讲解清晰，让我们能逐步了解和识别句子中障碍。

最后，练习也没有形成体系。何凯文老师的2017《考研英语长难句解密》中，就有充足的例句，帮助我们多复习，提高对长难句的掌握。

相信通过我们的努力，我们一定可以复习好长难句的。

第二篇：第二部分 历年考研英语长难句分析

Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.[句子主干]Dependence is marked first by…, with…, and then by…

[语法难点]有并列从句和省略。With引导的是伴随结构作状语，修饰的是整个第一分句描述的状态。and引导的分句省略了谓语动词marked，所以要注意其实该分句并不隶属于第一分句，而是与之并列的结构。

[句子翻译]依赖的最初表现为耐受力增强，用量越来越大才能达到预期效果，一旦停用就会产生不舒服的症状。

[翻译技巧]有些同学遇上伴随结构就不知道如何翻译了，其实只要按照原来的语序顺次翻译就是。

13．But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle” between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.[句子主干]But he talked as well about …, and he announced that…

[语法难点]该句没有从句结构，而是由and连接的两个并列成分构成。用would是因为表达了某人的主观态度和意愿。

[句子翻译]但他也谈到了创作自由与社会责任之间要“努力保持均衡”这一问题。他宣布公司将尽力对可能招致大众反对的音乐制定各种发行和标识的标准[翻译技巧]虽然没有从句结构，但是由于句子太长，有众多的修饰成分，所以建议还是拆为两句较好。

14．Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July.[句子主干]Average inflation…fell to a mere…, close to its…, before

[语法难点]有省略。close to分句是非限定性定语从句，省略了which was。Before后面的成分是对全句的补充说明，是状语成分。状语成分可以置句首，也可以置句末，并无定规。之所以用rising，是因为这里需要一个名次性的结构the inflation which was，这样显得简洁得多。

[句子翻译]七大工业国家的通货膨胀率去年下降到了2.3%，接近30年来最低水平，今年7月才小幅上涨到2.5%，比许多国家70年代和80年代两位数低了很多。

[翻译技巧]the big seven industrial economies是指西方七大工业国。close to是靠近的意思。fall to是“跌落至……”的意思。

15．Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack.[句子主干]Economists have been…surprised by…and…, since…,and especially…, have …

[语法难点]主句用现在完成时have been…是因为经济学家长时间以来关注，现在也在关注，是一个从过去持续到现在的动作。Since引导的是表原因的状语从句。

[句子翻译]特别让经济学家感到诧异的是，英美两国的通货膨胀带来的是良性的结果，因为传统的分析方法表明，两国尤其是美国的经济生产几乎没有出现滑坡。

[翻译技巧]favorable表示的是“非常好的”，不是“非常喜欢的”，与个人取向没有关系。productive slack是“生产滑坡”的意思。

16．Actually, it isn't, because it assumesthat there is an agreed account of human rights, which is somethingthe world does not have.[句子主干]Actually it isn’ t, because it assumes that…, which is…

[语法难点]有套合从句。本句为主从复合句。主句很简单，而because引导的原因状语从句中，又有一个that引导的宾语从句。这个从句中，主语an agreed account of human rights由一个which引导的飞行定性定语从句修饰，而这个非限定性定语从句中又有一个限定性定语从句the world does not have来修饰something。

[句子翻译]事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同的认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。

[翻译技巧]agree为“约定的”意思，agreed account直译为“约定的看法”，意译为“共同的认识”。可见翻译中一定要结合汉语的语言习惯灵活转换。an agreed account of human rights不可译为“有同意的人权记录”。此外，将不定代词具体化，也更符合汉语习惯。

17．Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.[句子主干]Some philosophers argue that…, as part of an exchange of…

[语法难点]该句仍为主从复合句That引导的宾语从句中，as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements充当了补充语的角色。

[句子翻译]有些哲学家论证说，权利只存在社会契约中，是责任与利益相交换的一部分。

[翻译技巧]要正确选择contract的词义，不要译成从此“收缩，缩小”Argue不要译成“争论”，而要灵活处理成“论证说”。

18．It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.[句子主干]It leads the discussion…: it invites you to think that…, or with…

[语法难点]有并列从句和省略。冒号把句子分成两部分，后一部分对前面部分作进一步解释说明。前面部分是简单句。后面部分是复合句。that引导的宾语从句中，主语是animals，谓语是should be treated，either… or…引导两个介词短语作状语，either引导的介词短语中，humans extend to other humans是一个省略引导词that的定语从句。

[句子翻译]

这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。

[翻译技巧]it 的所指要明确。leads thediscussion to extremes译成“将讨论引向两个极端”，at the outset译成“从一开始”。注意把被动句译为主动句，更合乎汉语习惯。

第三篇：考研英语长难句分析之_特殊句式(DOC)

第五讲 特殊句式及长难句解析

1．简单句、并列句、复合句

从句: 名词性：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句

形容词性：定语从句

副词性：状语从句---时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、比较、方式

2．省略句、比较结构、倒装句、分割结构

英语中还有一些特殊句式，出现在阅读理解中，势必会成为我们理解文章的障碍。但是，特殊句式还是有语法规律的，因此，如果我们能熟练应用特殊句式的语法规律，在阅读中一眼就能识别并领会这些特殊语法现象，障碍就基本克服了。

1.省略句

资料47 To err is human;to forgive, divine.Brevity is the soul of wit.文体畅晓，其智乃见。（省略是将句子中的赘述部分删去，避免重复，使句子更简洁，加强表达内容的连贯性和逻辑性。被省略的部分大多是主语、谓语或谓语中的助动词等。文章中的省略现象会使句子成分短缺，造成句子不完整，如果看不出句子中省略了什么成分，就容易造成对文章的理解困难。

省略句一般只有当各组成部分有共同的成分才可能出现省略。对于这类句式，其难点在于发现省略成分，一旦找出并补充完整，句意理解就会大大简化。

省略句如果出现在翻译中，在翻译的时候，一定要把省略的部分翻译出来，否则会扣分。A：and 连接的并列句的省略

材料48页：Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.（2002）

分析：很明显，and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem，是一个省略句，with做状语一般表示伴随，这一个分句只有一个状语加一个名词结构，构不成一个完整的句子。实际上，与前句相同的成分才会被省略，前一句的谓语部分是：will continue to be rejected.所以，后一分句补充完整就是：with the rejection of the technology of behavior, possibly the only way to solve our problem will continue to be rejected.练习：1.The reasons for poverty are many, but for the most part center on illiteracy, the lack of opportunities and in some cases pure laziness.(主语 the reasons)2.He majors in English, and I, in French.(谓语 major)3.Self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismay.(省略主谓)B：状语从句中的省略

规则：当主句的主语与从句主语一致时候，且从句的谓语动词是Be动词时候，从句可省略 主 谓。See 材料48页 1.让步状语从句 2 时间状语从句

3．If handled properly and not misused, the clone technology will only bring more benefit than disaster to mankind.(条件状语从句)4．Some people look as if afraid of nothing.(方式状语从句)5．The computer is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary.（比较）

真题例句1 Actually we know of no type of astronomical body in which the conditions can be favorable to life except planets like our own revolving round a sun.这是复合句。in which引导定语从句，修饰astronomical body.介词except引起的短语作

the more people online, the more potential customers there are。

The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be.【分析】本句主干使用了the more…the more…（越……越……）的结构。you have 是省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰先行词foreign capital;现在分词结构helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure作foreign capital的后置定语。逗号之前是由which引导的非限定性定语从句which today is an electronic infrastructure，修饰前面的Third Wave infrastructure。

【翻译】你拥有的用于建造第三次浪潮基础设施（今天主要指电子基础设施）的外国资金越多，你将越富有。

3．倒装结构

倒装是一种语法手段，用以强调某一句子结构或某一句子成分。

倒装分为两种：将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，叫做完全倒装；只将助动词（包括情态动词）移至主语之前，叫做部分倒装。

Then began a hot debate between the two parties.(完全倒装)Never have we found him in such a good mood.（部分倒装）

理解倒装句的有效对策是找到句中的主语、谓语，进而将谓语动词还原到主语之后按照正常语序再来完整的理解该句话。See 材料 51页

☆ 例句分析：see 材料 59页

Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition.【解析】本句是全部倒装句，正常语序为The picture…is emerging from the 1980 census…, 倒装的原因是这个句子主语the picture 后面的现在分词结构developing more and more regional competition作nation的后置定语。句末是由as引导的时间状语从句，表示一种伴随状态。【翻译】1980年美国人口普查表明：国家内部地区间的竞争越来越激烈了。

4.分隔结构 所谓分隔结构，就是两个语法或语义关系密切的成分之间插入了其他成分，造成原本应该紧靠一起的两个成分相分离的现象。常见的分隔形式有：1.主语与谓语的分隔

This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.【分析】本句主干是This success…led Ericsson to conclude…,逗号之间的过去分词结构coupled with later research…将主语This success和谓语led分隔开，构成了分隔结构。此分隔结构中现在分词短语showing…作定语，修饰later research；由that引导的宾语从句that memory itself is not genetically determined,作showing的宾语。主句的宾语Ericsson之后的不定式结构to conclude…作宾语补足语，此不定式结构中又包含一个宾语从句that the act…is more…than…,作conclude的宾语，其中包含一个more…than…的比较结构。【翻译】这项成功以及后来表明记忆本身并不是由基因决定的研究使埃里克逊得出这样的结论：记忆是一种认知行为，而不是天生的。

2.谓语动词与宾语的分隔、See 材料 54页

3.定语或定语从句与先行词的分隔等

一言九鼎，但安特吉（Entergy）公司显然不是这样。这家公司是新英格兰地区的主要能源供应商。当它在上周宣布摒弃一个长久的允诺的时候 —— 即不再遵守该州严格的核能规定，其这一举动理所当然引起了佛蒙特州（Vermont）人们的强烈愤慨。

相反，公司的所作所为恰恰背离它当初曾许下的承诺：在联邦法院上挑战佛蒙特州法规的合宪性。为了竭力维持佛蒙特杨基（Yankee）核电站的运行，背信弃义是它采取的部分手段。这可谓惊世之举。

这种冲突自2002年以来就出现了苗头。在2002年，公司购买佛蒙特州仅有的一所核电站 —— 位于佛蒙镇上的一个日益老化的反应堆。作为让州政府批准这项购买协议的条件，公司同意在2012年以后向该州的管理部门申请经营权。在2006年，佛蒙特州更进一步，要求核电站的任何执照延期必须经过佛蒙特州立法部门的审批。当时，公司也照着做了。

或许是Entergy公司从未真正想履行这些承诺，或者是根本没有预见未来会发生的状况。事故接连不断发生，包括2007年冷却塔部分垮塌以及地下管道系统发现了泄露，让人们对佛蒙特Yankee核电站的安全性及Entergy公司的管理产生了严重怀疑 —— 尤其在公司在对管道泄露问题上做出了误导性表述之后，人们更加怀疑。佛蒙特州的参议院被Entergy公司的行为激怒了，在去年以26票对4票否决了Entergy公司的一个延期申请。

现在，公司突然声称，因为2006年制定的法案，2002年的那个协定便失效了，并且只有联邦政府才具有对核电站问题的监管权。这个案件涉及的法律问题还很模糊：尽管最高法院已经规定各州在核电站的监管上有一定的权力，但是法律学者认为佛蒙特州的情况将会提供一个先例，来验证这些权力可能延伸到何种程度。当然，人们真正担心的是，如果各州都制定自己的法规，随之便产生修补性法规。但是，如果Entergy公司能够遵守诺言的的话，这种争论也就没有意义了。

该公司似乎已经得出结论，它在佛蒙特州已名誉扫地，那么和州政府打一场官司也不担心会遭受更大的损失。但是，这样做还是会产生严重的影响。公众出于信任，才允许经营核电站。Entergy公司在美国还经营其他11个反应堆，其中包括普利茅斯（Plymouth）的“朝圣者”（Pilgrim）核电站。公司保证让Pilgrim核电站安全运转，并向联邦政府申请，批准其延长20年的经营许可。但是，当核研究委员会（NRC）在审查公司申请的时候，应该切记Entergy公司的哪些诺言还靠得住。

考研英语语法精讲讲义(4)：特殊句型之倒装

作者：新东方屠皓民 阅读：1256 评论：0 收藏

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基本句型

主谓宾定状表

I like watching the romantic movies in my spare time.He is a famous teacher in this university.谓语动词的助动词 watch---do watched---did watches---does has/have watched---has/have had watched---had can watch---can 全部倒装

—— 谓语动词放置在主语之前

An old man lives in the city center.= In the city center lives an old man.A temple stands on the mountain.= On the mountain stands a temple.全部倒装？

强调句中的地点副词或状语 There goes the bus.In the city center lives an old man.Under the tress sat a wounded soldier.With economic growth has come centralization: fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation house-holds.考研阅读全部倒装难点： 分词结构的倒装

(a)All kinds of sea animal bodies are buried in the deep sea.(b)Our teacher was walking at the head of the line.Buried in the deep sea are all kinds of sea animal bodies.Walking at the head of the line was our teacher.(a)Added to the stress is their opportunity for stress.(2008)(b)Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.部分倒装

—— 主语和谓语动词位置不变，将谓语动词的助动词放置到主语的前面。Only with you can I feel happy.Little does he care about what I said.什么时候需要部分倒装？

（1）句首出现否定词 never, nor, seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, rarely, few等 I never trust you.= Never do I trust you.He seldom believes the information from the Internet.= Seldom does he believe the information from the Internet.(2)否定词组在句首

He no longer works for the money, but for the personal development.= No longer does he work for the money, but for the personal development.(3)only+状语/状语从句在句首

We can achieve the goal only in this way.= Only in this way can we achieve the goal.(a)Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own.(b)Only when the meeting was over was he able to meet his friend.(4)so 或so引导的短语放在句首要部分倒装 He saw the film.So did she.【 ? So he did.】

-She is a student.8-

第四篇：2018考研英语长难句翻译讲解

2018考研英语长难句翻译讲解（2）

长短句是考研英语的一大重难点，打好长短句翻译基础，将会给我们的翻译和作文带来巨大的帮助。

1.That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court's decisions will be accepted as impartial judgements.【分析】复合句，主句为 That kind of activity makes it less likely, it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是 that 引导的名词性从句。

【译文】这类行为使得法院的裁定被认为是公正判决的可能性有所下降。2.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social concepts like liberty and property.【分析】复合句。主句为 Constitutional law is political。because 引导原因状语从句;其中分词短语rooted in...作定语修饰 choices, 介词短语 like liberty and property 修饰 concepts。

【译文】宪法是由植根于自由和所有权等基本社会观念的选择造成的，因此它是政治性的。

3.Those forced to exercises their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.【分析】复合句。主句为 Those...reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons，过去分词短语forced to...作后置定语修饰 those。than 引导比较状语从句，该从句中的主语 those 由定语从句修饰，因其较长，谓语又因与主句重复而省略为 did，所以用倒装语序。suggesting...为现在分词结构作结果状语，其中包含 that 引导的宾语从句。

【译文】那些用牙齿咬着笔，表现出笑容的人比那些用嘴唇叼着笔、表现出沮丧神情的人在看搞笑的动画片时所作出的反应更丰富。这就证明了表情能够影响情绪，而不是情绪影响表情。

【拓展】1)contract 作名词时意为“契约，合同;婚约”;作动词时意为“缔结，订契约;染上(恶习，疾病等);(使)收缩，(使)紧缩”。2)frown“皱眉，蹙眉”，既是动词也是名词。

4.An awareness that they were being experimented upon seemed to be enough to alter workers's behavior by itself.【分析】复合句。句子主干为。An awareness...seemed to be enough to alter...。that 引导同位语从句补充说明awareness，其中 they 指代后面的 workers。Be enough to do “足以...”。

【译文】只要意识到她们在接受实验，这一意识本身似乎就足以改变工人们的行为。

第五篇：考研英语长难句翻译：经典一百句

1.The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.[参考译文]美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。

2.Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.[参考译文]因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。

3.If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.[参考译文]另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消 费者购买产品。

4.In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.[参考译文]在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单位)自由签定合同的权利。

5.At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly.And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.[参考译文]同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最高，这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。而且它们(计算机)也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾客。

6.Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.[参考译文]不计其数的其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志出版商，从公用燃气电力设施到牛奶处理厂，都通过计算机的使用给消费者带来更好、更有效率的服务。

7.Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.[参考译文]残疾儿童在许多关键方面都与其同龄人不同。为了让这些孩子发展其全部的成人后的潜能，他们的教育必须适应这些不同。

8.The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.[参考译文]在过去的30年中，公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的一种中强烈的情绪，那就是所有的公民，不管其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会。

9.It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing

a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.[参考译文]它(广告)能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格被迅速分销出去，因此可以(使公司)建立一个坚固的国内市场，同时也使以具有竞争力的价格提供出口变得可能。

10.Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.[参考译文]除去议会有27件法案来规范广告的条件，没有任何一个正式的广告商敢于推销一种商品却不能兑现其在广告中的承诺。

11.If its message were confined merely to information and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive-advertising wound be so boring that no one wound pay any attention.[参考译文]如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就广告而言，如果这不是完全不可能达到的，也是非常难做的，因为即便是一个诸如衬衫的颜色的选择这样的细节都会具有微妙的说服意味，那么广告就会如此地乏味以至于没有人 会关注它。

12.The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for there efforts.[参考译文]得到了升迁的工人们，成绩进步的学生，学会了一门新语言的外国人一 一这些都是那些有可衡量的结果宋显示其努力的人们的例证。

13.As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.[参考译文]随着家庭离开他们原来稳定的社区，离开他们多年的朋友和扩展的家庭关系，非正式的信息流动被切断了，随之而去的是对在需要时能获得可靠和值得信赖的信息的信心。

14.The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time--consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.[参考译文]现在每个人能够得到的信息比任何时代的人都多，而找到与他／她的特定问题相关的那一点信息的任务不仅复杂、耗时，有时甚至令人难以招。

15.Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.[参考译文]通过远程会议，专家知识可以在全世界范围内被分享，而争论的问题能够得到解决，同时相关人员也不必离开他们的家庭或工作跑到一个遥远的开会地点。

16.The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows.[参考译文]现在这种让孩子们和其同学或时间竞争的热情导致了一个双层结构，在这个结构里面善于竞争的A类好像在某个方面要比他们B类的同辈更胜一筹。

17.While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.[参考译文]在跟你谈话的时候，可能成为你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、经 验和其他资格是不是值得他雇用你，而你的“商品”和能力一定要以一种有条不紊而且合情合理的相

互关联的方式被展示出来。

18.The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain.[参考译文]英国广播公司将作为一个公共基金支持的广播组织存在下来，至少目前会这样，但是它的角色、它的规模和它的节目现在在英国成了全国上下的讨论话题。

19.The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC--including ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.[参考译文]这场辩论是由政府发动的，政府请任何一个对英国广播公司有意见的人一包括普通的听众和观众一来说说这个公司好在哪里或坏在哪里，甚至要说说他们是否认为这个公司值得被保留下来。

20.The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large profess signal element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.[参考译文]这种变化通过引入许多的专业因素从而适应了这个新时代的技术要求，并且它(这种变化)防止了效率的降低。这种效率的降低在精力充沛的创业者之后的第二代和第三代人(领导公司)的时候，经常会毁掉那些家族公司的财富。

21.Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.[参考译文]这样巨大而非个人的对资金和产业的操纵极大地增加了股东的数量和他 们作为一个阶级的重要性，这是国家生活中代表不负责任的财富的一个因素，这种财富不但远离了土地和土地拥有者的责任，而且几乎同样与公司的负责任的管理毫无关系。

22.Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management.[参考译文]像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城镇的涌现是为了给那些数量很多的“舒 适”阶级提供居住场所。这些人依赖于其丰厚收入而不工作，他们除了 分红和偶尔参加一下股东大会，向管理层口授一下自己的命令之外，跟社会的其他阶层毫无瓜葛。

23.The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.[参考译文]这样的“股东”对他拥有股份的公司所雇用的工人们的生活、思想和需求一无所知，而且他们对劳资双方的关系都不会产生积极的影响。

24.The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.[参考译文]代表公司的花钱雇来的经理与工人及其需求的关系更加直接，但是就连 他对工人们也没有那种熟识的私人之间的了解。而在现在正在消失的古老家族公司的那种更加家长式的制度下的雇主们却常常对他们的工人有 这样的私人关系。

25.Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country's excellent elementary schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology； the practice of giving premiums to inventors;and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.[参考译文]在许多形成因素当中，我将挑选出这些：这个国家优秀的小学教育：欢 迎新技术的劳动者们：奖励发明者的做法；而且最重要的是美国人在对 那些技术性事物的非言语的、“空间性的”思考方面的天赋。

26.As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, “A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process...The designer and the inventor.., are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist”.[参考译文]正如尤金•弗格森所指出的那样：“一个技术专家思考那些不能被简化成 能被清楚的语言描述的东西。这些东西在他的思维中是通过一种视觉的、非语言表述的过程宋处理的……设计者和发明者……能够在他们的脑中装配并操作那些还不存在的装置。”

27.Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea”.[参考译文]罗伯特•法欧特曾经这样写到：“一个技师会坐在杠杆、螺丝钉、楔子、轮子等等当中，就像一个诗人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把这些字母看成自己思想的展示，在这样的展示中，每种新的次序安排都传达了--种新 的思想。”

28.In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating.He describes their programs and, tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise.[参考译文]在最后三章中，他脱下手套，将神造论者好好地揍了一顿。他描述了他 们的活动和战术，而且，对于那些对神造论者的做事方式刁；熟悉的人来说，神造论者的欺骗和扭曲事实的程度可能会令这些人有一种不快的诧异。

29.On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: “This book stands for reason itself.” And so it does-and all wound be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.[参考译文]在这本杰出的书的外纸封面上，史蒂芬•杰伊•古尔德写道：“这本书本 身就代表理性。”而它确实是这样的--而且如果理性成为神造论／地化论之间的辩论中的惟一评判标准的话，一切就都好办了。

30.After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.[参考译文]经过了六个月的争论以及最后16个小时激烈的议会辩论，澳大利亚北 部地区成了世界上第一个允许医生终止希望死去的绝症病人生命的立法当局。

31.Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage.But the tide is unlikely to turn back.[参考译文]一些机构终于松了一口气，但是其他一些机构，包括教堂，倡导生命之 权的团体和澳大利亚医学协会，尖锐地抨击这个法案，指责法案的通过过于匆忙。但是大势已定，不可逆转。

32.In Australia-where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community

attitudes have all played their partother states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.[参考译文]在澳大利亚--人口老龄化，延长寿命的技术和变化看的社会态度，这 些因素都在发挥作用一一其他的州也会考虑制定相似的关于安乐死的法律。