英语信尾结束语的辨析

第一篇：英语信尾结束语的辨析

下面我们按照从最随意(亲密)到最正式的顺序来排列这些结尾辞:

Love

Very personal.Used between lovers, family and close friends.亲密的结尾。通常用于恋人、家人、或者很好地朋友。

Cheers

Very casual.Used between friends.Can be used between coworkers if you want to appear very casual, at the risk of sounding unprofessional.随意地结尾，普通朋友就可以用，更像是团队之间，大家说“加油”。如果你想跟同事亲密点也可以用这个结尾，不过对方可能会觉得你不专业。

Take care

Casual and used between friends.随意地结尾，普通朋友可用。

Thanks or Thank You

‘Thanks' is very casual and 'Thank You' is formal.Usually used in a business setting.'Thank You' is a great way to end an email to a stranger, especially if you are making a request or asking a question.Thanks 比较随意，Thank you 比较正式，因此Thank you 多用于商业邮件，或者是给陌生人发的邮件。

Yours or Yours Truly or Truly

Casual or Business casual.A more personal, but still polite way to end the letter.You've probably met the recipient in real life.随意或者正式，通常发件人和收件人在现实中是见过面的。

Best or Best Wishes

Casual or Business casual.A polite way to end the letter.Can be used between friends or strangers.随意或者正式，朋友或者陌生人都可以用，友好而亲切的慰问感觉。

Sincerely or Sincerely Yours or Yours Sincerely

Casual, Business casual or Formal.The standard letter ending.'Sincerely' is the most versatile ending because it can be used to end either casual or formal correspondence.If you're unsure about how to sign your letter, use 'Sincerely'.随意、正式都可以，可以算是最安全的结尾。推荐信，辞职信，其他正式文书等，如果不知道用哪个结尾好，用“Sincerely"就没错了。

Regards or Best Regards

Business casual or formal.You would use this if the recipient is someone you haven't met in real life.随意或者正式，通常用于发件人和收件人在现实中没见过面，大致想此致敬礼的感觉。

Cordially

Formal.Used in business correspondence when the topic of the letter is serious.Sometimes used if there is a conflict between the sender and the recipient.非常正式，多用于非常凝重的话题，过着发件人和收件人之间存在纷争。

Cheers, 更像是团队之间，大家说“加油”

Sincerely, 是比较正式的场合使用，套话，真诚的，推荐信，辞职信，其他正式文书等

Regards, 大致像此致敬礼的感觉

Best wishes/warm wishes, 友好而亲切的慰问感觉

根据收件人，文章的语气内容选择就行，大多数邮件其实thanks就可以了。

casual[英][ˈkæʒuəl][美][ˈkæʒuəl] adj.随便的;偶然的;非正式的;临时的;n.临时工人;[军]待命士兵;没有固定工作的劳动者;不定期领取救济金的人;

recipient[英][rɪˈsɪpiənt][美][rɪˈsɪpiənt]≠sender发件人 n.接受者;容器;容纳者;收件人； adj.容易接受的;感受性强的;

versatile[英][ˈvɜ:sətaɪl][美][ˈvɜ:rsətl] adj.多才多艺的;多功能的;（指工具、机器等）多用途的;有多种学问、技能或职业的;

correspondence[英][ˌkɒrəˈspɒndəns][美][ˌkɔ:rəˈspɑ:ndəns] n.对应;一致，符合;通信，信件;[艺]通感;

conflict[英][ˈkɒnflɪkt][美][ˈkɑ:nflɪkt] n.冲突;矛盾;战斗;相互干扰;vi.冲突;抵触;争斗;战斗;万能的用法是：Yours sincerely, 或 Sincerely yours, 最方便，什么信件都适用哦。

2.私人信件中可以用：Best wishes, Best regards, Best, Regards, Warmer regards, Yours ever, Yours, Cordially 3.一些很亲密的亲人或者朋友可以用：Affectionately, Yours affectionately, Love, Lovely, Cheers, Your devoted friend, Your loving father(mother, son......)4.公务信件的话，一般可以用：Yours faithfully, Yours trully, Yours respectfully, Yours gratefully, Yours cordially 如果是公务的正式信件中，给团体或者不知名的人写信，还可以用：Trully yours, Faithfully yours

cordially[英][ˈkɔ:diəli][美][ˈkɔ:rdʒəli] adv.热诚地，诚挚地，友善地;As they left the mat, the men exchanged a brief hug, then shook hands cordially with each other's coaches.当他们离开摔跤垫时，二人短暂地拥抱了一下，接着友好地与对方的教练握了握手。

affectionately[英][ə'fekʃənətlɪ][美][ə'fekʃənətlɪ] adv.脉脉;挚爱地，亲切地;脉;眽眽;In quiet moments, they greet affectionately.在安静的时刻，他们充满爱意的互相招呼。

faithfully[英][ˈfeɪθfəli][美][ˈfeɪθfəli ] adv.忠实地;如实地;诚心诚意地;Well and faithfully.Doesn't that sound funny? 忠实且尽责听起来是不是很可笑?

第二篇：英语近义词辨析

英语近义词辨析(一)abide, adhere, conform, comply 这四个高频考词都有“遵守”的意思，但是它们的搭配不同。abide v.后接by表示“遵守，同意”。

I will abide by the director' decision.我将遵从主任的决定。

adhere v.后接to表示“遵守”。(当然adhere一词的其它意思如“坚持；粘附”也经常被考到。)Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则。conform v.后接to表示“遵守，符合”。

All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律。

comply v.后接with表示“遵守，服从”，用于正式的场合。Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.我们公司遵守政府有关纳税的规定。

abnormal, uncommon, disordered 这三个单词都有“反常的”之意，在考研和CET-6当中经常让考生们辨析它们的细微差别。abnormal a.不正常的，反常的(但并非罕见)，指行为或现象(如气候)的异常。His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree

centigrade.他的体温三天来一直都不正常，最高的时候达到40.5摄氏度。(尽管身体发烧不正常，但生活中也时有发生。)uncommon a.罕见的，不平常的，指很少经历或很少见到的状况；特别的，出色的。Hurricanes are uncommon in England.飓风在英国非常罕见。

That is uncommon instant coffee;it tastes great!那速溶咖啡质量上乘，味道好极了！disordered a.混乱的，杂乱的；(精神或身体)有病的。

We couldn't understand her disordered presentation.我们听不明白她条理不清的陈述。

abolish, cancel, eliminate, dispose, erase, exclude, extinguish 这一组动词都有“取消，除掉”的意思。

abolish v.指对法律、习俗、制度的废除；完全破坏。

The government abolished the tax on alcohol.政府取消了酒税。cancel v.对预先安排的某种活动(如旅行、计划、会议等)的取消；删去(字、句)。The meeting has been cancelled because of the flu.会议由于流感而取消了。eliminate v.指消除、淘汰已经存在但是现在不需要的东西。The losing team was eliminated from further

competition.失利的那个队被淘汰了，不能参加下一阶段的比赛。The doctor helped him eliminate toxins from the intestine.医生帮助他排出肠中毒素。

dispose v.处理，处置；表示“除掉、扔掉”时常与of连用。(这一点需要注意。)After your picnic, please dispose of the litter.野餐后请清除掉垃圾。erase v.除去，擦掉，指有意识地除去字迹、声音等。

I erased the music on the tape before recording on the tape again.我在往磁带上录音之前先消掉了上面的音乐。

exclude v.排斥；排除，不包括在内，与include互为反义词。

The restaurant excludes anyone who is not properly dressed from entering.衣冠不整者不得进入该餐馆。

extinguish v.熄灭，扑灭(火)；使沉默，使暗淡。

Firefighters extinguished a big fire.消防队员扑灭了大火。

abstract, digest, outline, summary 这一组名词都有“要点，摘要”的意思。

abstract n.概要，摘要，尤其指对学术论文或法律论据作的简述。I have read the abstract of his book.我已经读了他的书的概要。

digest n.(篇幅较长的)摘要，文摘，它是对原文的浓缩而不是对原文的简单解释，浓缩后仍保持原文的顺序、重点和风格。Reader's Digest《读者文摘》 outline n.要点，大纲，概要。

She made an outline of ideas she wanted to present in her talk.她把自己要谈的想法列了一个提纲。

summary n.总结，摘要，指用寥寥数语概括文章或者讲话的要点，不考虑原文的风格。

absurd, ridiculous, silly 这一组形容词都有“愚蠢，可笑”的意思。

absurd a.荒谬的，可笑的，指因不符合常识、违反真理或不合逻辑而令人发笑。There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.过去曾经有一种荒谬的观点认为地球呈扁平状而且静止不动。

ridiculous a.荒唐可笑的，指因为愚昧无知而令人发笑并成为笑柄，含有蔑视成分。It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.仅仅根据一个国家的饮食来评价该国家的文化是荒唐可笑的。

silly a.愚蠢的，傻的，指由于单纯或者头脑简单而显得愚蠢。a silly little boy傻小子

abundant, plentiful 这两个形容词都有“充足的”之意。

abundant a.(数量)充足的，常用于人、物产、资源、雨量等，含有“过多”之意。Oil is in abundant supply in this country.这个国家石油供应十分充裕。

plentiful a.丰富的，充足的，常用于食物、收获、财产等，不能用于时间、空间、思想等方面。

Eggs are plentiful at this moment.现在鸡蛋很多。

accent, tone, dialect 这三个名词意思相近，容易混淆。

accent n.口音，指某一地区语言的发音特征；重音。

He speaks English with a Spanish accent.他讲英语带有西班牙口音。tone n.语气，音调，指说话人的口气或声音的高低、轻重等。He speaks to his baby in soft tones.他用柔和的语调和他的婴儿说话。dialect n.方言，土语，地方话，指一个地区人们所使用的语言。the Yorkshire dialect约克郡方言 the Sichuan dialect四川方言 access, assess 这两个词为一组“形近易混词”。access n.接近，进入。

The people living in these apartments have free access to that swimming pool.住在这些公寓里的人可以免费地进入游泳池。assess v.评估(财产，价值)。

I assessed how much it would cost to build a new apartment.我评估了一下建一套新的公寓要多少钱。accommodate, afford, furnish 这一组动词都有“提供”的意思。

accommodate v.提供住宿、房间；适应，迎合，迁就。

This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.这家饭店可供500位来宾住宿。

The company accommodated the customer's wish and sent the delivery overnight.公司满足了顾客的愿望，连夜将货物发了出去。

afford v.负担，支付；当“提供”讲时，多用于指抽象事物的提供。We can't afford that expensive sports car.我们买不起那辆昂贵的跑车。

The tall building affords a beautiful view of the ocean.从这幢高楼上可以看到大海的美丽景致。

furnish v.指提供生活或某种用途所需要的东西。

Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what we read ours.阅读虽然为我们的思想提供了各种知识，然而只有思考才能将我们读到的内容变成自己的东西。

accomplishment, attainment, achievement 这三个名词都有“成就”的意思。

accomplishment n.成功，成就；才艺，修养。

Climbing that high mountain was an accomplishment for the hikers.对于登山运动员来说，爬上了那座山就是成功。

Being able to paint well is just one of her accomplishments.画画得好只是她的许多才能之一。

attainment n.指学识和造诣(常用作复数)；达到，到达。a scholar of the highest attainments造诣极高的学者

achievement n.可指抽象的“成就”，或具体的“成绩”，与accomplishment是同义词。

accuse, charge 两个动词都有“控诉，指控”之意，但它们后面所搭配的介词不同。accuse v.指控，控诉，与介词of连用。

The police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有盗窃罪。

charge v.可以指因为小错而受的责备，也指因违法而受到控告，与介词with连用。The police charged him with murder.警察指控他犯了谋杀罪。acquire, attain, obtain, gain, earn, achieve, secure

这一组动词都有“获得，取得”的意思，在考研和CET-6当中屡次出现它们之间的辨析。acquire v.多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于对财物等的获得，该词强调“一经获得就会长期持有”的含义。

It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual ways of reacting to situations.正是通过学习，个人才得以获得应付各种情况的习惯做法。attain v.指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果；也可指达到某一目标。

The salesperson attained his sales goal for the month.这名销售员完成了当月的销售目标。obtain v.获得，买到，用于正式语体中。

He obtained the property with a bank loan.他通过向银行贷款买下了那份房产。gain v.指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等。

An investor gains by buying stocks that go up in value.投资者通过所买股票价格上涨而得利润。

earn v.挣得，赢得，指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。How much do you earn a week?你一星期挣多少钱？ achieve v.得到，获得，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。

The movie star achieved success and wealth.这个影星取得了成功和财富。

secure v.得到；把……拿到手，含有肯定占有难以得到的东西之意；使安全，保卫；作形容词比较常见，意为“安全的”。

A million signatures have been secured.已征集到了100万人的签名。

He secured the office before leaving it for the night.他晚上离开前锁好了办公室的门窗。

acute, critical, crucial, urgent 这一组形容词都有“严重的，重要的”意思。acute a.剧烈的，严重的；急性的(病)。

An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.食品严重缺乏，伊拉克人民正在忍饥挨饿。

critical a.意为“关键的”，表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点，与crucial相似。与crucial的区别在于它对缺乏的或危急的程度有更准确的衡量；还指“批判性的，分析性的It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.为了考好你必须用功学习，则你会不及格的。

crucial a.意为”决定性的，紧要关头的，至关重要的“，最为笼统，适用于上述两种情况。Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.消费者信心的增强对经济的复苏是至关重要的。

urgent a.意为”紧迫的，急迫的，紧要的“，它不强调所指的问题是最重要的，仅强调”紧急的“状态。

We have an urgent need for help;we are running out of water.我们急需要帮助，我们的水就快要用光了。

adjust, regulate, rectify, amend, convert, alter, modify, transform, vary 这九个动词都含有”调整、改变“的意思。

adjust v.一般指很小的改变或技术性的调整；修理。

I adjusted the air conditioner to stay cool.我调节了空调以保持凉爽。

regulate v.指根据规定或需要对某物(机器、钟表等)进行调整或调节，使之准确工作或运行；多含有”控制“之意。

Lights are used to regulate the traffic.红绿灯被用来管制交通。rectify v.纠正，校正(错误、文章、合同等)。

He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错误。

amend v.(正式用语)指修改文件、法律、规范等。

The politicians amended the law to provide more jobs.政治家们修正了这项法律以提供更多的就业。

convert v.改变某事物的形式或用途，还可以指改变信仰尤其是宗教信仰。

Britain converted to a decimal currency system in 1971.英国于1971年改用十进制货币体系。

He's converted to Catholicism.他已经皈依天主教。alter v.使事物在外观、性质、用途等方面稍作改变。

The tailor altered the waistband on my pants because it was too tight.裁缝修改了我的裤腰因为它太紧了。

modify v.改变，修改，以使某物更趋完善，还可以用来表示态度、脾气、意见变得温和。He was loud and angry, and his friends told him to modify his behavior.他粗声大气，脾气暴躁；朋友们告诉他要改变自己的举止。

transform v.指彻底、深远的改变，这种变化完全改变了外观或特性，使被改变的对象脱胎换骨。

Remodeling transformed an old, dark housesintosa cheerful one.重新装修使这所陈旧昏暗的房子变得赏心悦目。vary v.强调没有一定规则、陆续的变化或差异。

Air fares vary from one airline to another.航空公司的机票价格各不相同。

admit, confess, concede 这几个动词都有”承认“的意思。

admit v.指由于说服、再三追问而”承认“某一事实或过错。I admit that you have a point.我承认你有理。

confess v.供认(罪行、过错等)，含有”坦白、招认“的意思。He confessed his crimes to the judge.他向法官供认了他的罪行。

concede v.指曾想隐瞒或不愿意承认某一错误，但由于证据确凿而不得不勉强承认，还可以指”以退为进“的承认。

The man who caused the accident finally conceded to the police that he had done it.造成这次交通事故的人最终向警察承认他是肇事人。

affiliate, link, attach, append 这一组动词都有”附加“的意思。affiliate v.加入，成为……一部分。an affiliated middle school一所附属中学 link v.将人或物连接起来。

The crowd linked arms to form a barrier.群众臂挽着臂组成人墙。attach v.将某物系在、贴在、附在另一物上。

I attached a note to my report with a paper clip.我用别针将一张字条别在报告的后面。append v.增加，附加(与attach的意思比较接近)。

The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律师在合同后又附加了两页。

affirm, assert, allege, claim, announce, proclaim 这一组动词都有”声称“的意思。

affirm v.坚信不疑地肯定或宣称，是deny的反义词。He affirmed his love for her.他发誓爱她。

assert v.指不管事实如何，主观自信地宣称，或者清楚有力地坚持某个情况为事实。She asserted that she was innocent.她宣称自己是无辜的。allege v.在无真凭实据的情况下宣称、断定。The suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighborhood at the time of the crime.嫌疑犯声称案发时他不在现场。

claim v.要求，声称，断言。多指根据某种规定提出的要求或主张。

They claim that if more people rode bicycles to go to work there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city.他们生成如果有更多的人骑自行车上班的话，闹市区的汽车就会有所减少。

announce v.宣布，宣告。多指首次当众正式宣布某一主张或态度，常常带有预告的意味。The invention of the printing press announced the diffusion of knowledge.印刷术的发明宣告了知识普及时代的来临。

proclaim v.宣布；宣告(成立)。指经过深思熟虑后向大众宣布一个明确的决定或判断，尤其指重大事件的宣布，多用于官方场合。

The president proclaimed an emergency when the war came.当战争来临的时候总统宣布进入紧急状态。

aggravate, reinforce, increase, strengthen, intensify 这一组动词都有”加强“的意思。

aggravate v.加重(负担、罪行、病情等)，使之恶化。

I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.我的脚受伤了，而过早的下地走路又加重了伤情。

reinforce v.增援，一般用于军队或警察的行动；(以添加材料等)加固。

A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.一位警察看到三个盗贼抢劫银行，用无线电话要求增援。increase v.指数量上的增加。

The number of people has been increased.人数增加了。strengthen v.加强，巩固，增强，相当于to become stronger。

Exercising every day strengthens the heart.每天锻炼可以提高心脏的功能。

Competition, they believe, strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it.人们认为竞争加强了民族性而不是破坏了它。

intensify v.使变得更强烈、剧烈，加剧，相当于to become more intense or intensive。intensify colors加深色彩 intensify hatred加深仇恨 alert, cautious, considerate 这一组形容词都表示”小心的，谨慎的“。alert a.警惕的，留神的。

The hostess remained standing, alert to every guests' drinking need.女主人一直站在旁边，时刻准备给大家斟酒。cautious a.细心的，谨慎的。

He has a cautious attitude about spending money.在花钱的问题上他态度谨慎。considerate a.关心他人的，体贴的。

He is always considerate of others;he is kind and sympathetic.他总是很体谅他人，并且慈祥而富有同情心。

alive, live, living, lively 这一组形容词都跟”活“有关。

alive a.活着的，有活力的，常作表语，作定语时必须后置。After the accident, he was barely alive.交通事故后，他奄奄一息。all man alive所有活着的人

live a.活的，有活力的，现场直播的。

We watched the live broadcast of the opera on TV.我们通过电视观看了这部歌剧的实况。living a.活着的，作定语可前可后，可修饰人也可修饰物。

Who is the world's greatest living artist?谁是现在还健在的世界上最伟大的艺术家？ living room起居室

lively a.活泼的，栩栩如生的。

She is a lively young girl, always laughing and doing things.她是个活泼可爱的小姑娘，总是欢声笑语忙个不停。

alleviate, diminish, reduce, decrease, decline 这一组动词都有”减少，减轻“的意思。alleviate v.在痛苦方面的减轻，缓和

The painkiller alleviated the pain.止疼药减缓了疼痛。

diminish v.指因为不断消耗，在数量方面缓慢减少，也指在素质或者价值的下降。The supply of oil has diminished because of the war.由于战争石油的供应减少了。reduce v.指人为地使某物在数量或重量方面的减少或降低。

He reduced the amount of money they could spend.他缩减了他们的开销。decrease v.指数量上的减少；力量或者强度的减弱。

The population decreased a lot last year.去年人口数量急剧下降。decline v.(数目、价格、比率)下降；谢绝，婉言推辞；衰退，衰落。

Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。He declined our invitation to dinner.他婉拒了我们请他吃饭的邀请。

allocate, separate, detach, divide 这一组动词都有”分开“的意思。allocate v.分配，把……拨给。

The city government allocated money for schools and the police in this year's budget.市政府在今年的预算中给学校和警察部门分配了资金。separate v.人为地分开，使隔离开。

We separated the salad forks from the dinner forks.我们把沙拉叉与餐叉分隔开。detach v.拆开组合的物体；远离，疏远。

We need a carpenter to detach this bookshelf from the wall.我们需要一名木匠将书架从墙上拆下来。

divide v.指将整体分为若干个部分。

The huge corporation dividedsintossmaller companies.这家特大公司分成一些较小的公司。

ambiguous, obscure, vague, unclear, dim 这一组形容词都有”模糊“的意思。

ambiguous a.意义含糊的，有歧义的，指因字、词、句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清、难以理解和把握。

His ambiguous directions confused us;we did not know which of the two roads to take.他的模棱两可的指导使我们很迷惑以至于我们不知道该走哪条路了。obscure

a.用于表达因光线不足而使人看不清楚。该词的引申意义可以表示语法、文字、记忆等因复杂、深奥、模棱两可而使人看不懂和无法理解。

The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many obscure references.艾兹拉•庞德的诗有时候难以理解，因为诗歌中含有许多令人费解的典故。vague a.含混的，不清楚的，多用于比喻意义，用来表示因逻辑关系不清、言辞笼统而导致的意义不清楚，该词也可表示轮廓形状的不清楚和模糊。

He has some vague ideas about what to do, but nothing specific.他大概知道他要做什么，但没有具体的计划。

unclear a.指句意、字迹不清楚，使人难以看懂；不肯定的。Unclear writing is difficult to understand.模糊的字迹使人难以辨认。It is unclear whether the economy will get better.经济是否好转仍不明朗。dim a.光线暗淡的，看不清的；记忆力模糊的；不大可能的。Don't work in dim light.不要在昏暗的光线下工作。

His changes of recovery from illness are dim.他康复的可能性十分渺茫。

amplify, enlarge, stretch, magnify, reinforce, expand amplify v.扩大，增加，尤其指通过增强电压或电流使声音扩大；补充叙述(故事、事件等)。We must ask you to amplify your statement.我们得请你对你的说法作进一步的说明。enlarge v.扩大，多指具体物品如相片的放大。

enlarge photograph放大照片enlarge a house扩建房屋

stretch v.(有弹性地)伸展，延伸，并有可能超过限度；伸长、伸出(身体某部位)并绷紧肌肉(尤指在放松后或为了够着某物)。

The pullover stretched after I had worn it a few times.这件套头毛衣我穿了几次之后就撑大了。

Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, stretching themselves.完成了早间工作之后，职员们站到桌子后面伸伸懒腰。magnify v.放大，指用透镜或显微镜使物体看上去大一些。

His eyeglasses magnify words so he can read them.他借助眼睛把字放大以便能够阅读。reinforce v.增援，加固。

expand v.指范围、体积的扩大、增大，也可以指内容或细节的充实。The balloon expanded, then exploded.气球先是膨胀，然后就爆破了。

anger, fury, indignation, resentment 这一组名词都有”愤怒、生气“的意思。anger n.气愤，生气，是一般用语。

After their argument, he expressed his anger by punching the other man in the face.争吵之后，他一拳打在那个人的脸上以发泄怒气。fury n.暴怒，大怒，程度较anger要强。indignation n.义愤，尤其指出于道义上的激愤。

general indignation at the sudden steep rise in bus fares公共汽车票价突然猛增激起的公愤

resentment n.愤恨，怨恨，不满，是正式用语，尤指由于受侮辱或自尊心受到伤害后而产生的愤慨。

There was a feeling of resentment in the office after everyone's pay was lowered.大家的工资降低后，办公室里怨声载道。

apparent, evident, manifest, obvious, distinct 这一组形容词都有”明显的“之意。

apparent a.明显的，显而易见的，尤其指容易观察到或认识到的事物。

He is very unhappy, and it is apparent that he wants to leave now.他很不高兴，显然他现在想走了。

evident a.明白的，明显的，与apparent基本同意，多用于推理或由事实证明的事物。It is evident that he is guilty;his fingerprints were found at the crime scene.显然他是有罪的，在犯罪现场发现了他的指纹。

manifest a.清楚的，明显的，多指根据外部特征或迹象便能看出或了解其意义，常作表语。Her ability is manifest, but she is not attractive.她才能出众，但长相并不动人。obvious a.明显的，显而易见的，含有无可辩白，不需证明之意。

It is obvious that that woman has had too much to drink.很显然，那个妇女酒喝的太多了。distinct a.清楚的，明显的；不同的，独特的。修饰性质明显不同的东西。

Medical care has made a distinct improvement in his health.治疗已使他的健康有了明显的好转。

applaud, clap, commend, praise applaud v.鼓掌，赞扬，指因精湛表演或某种行为得到别人的赞许，大声叫好或热烈鼓掌。The boss applauded my efforts by praising my work.老板表扬了我的工作，对我的努力表示赞许。

clap v.拍打，其用法是clap one's hand=applaud,不能说applaud one's hands。clap sb.为某人鼓掌，clap sth.拍打某物

commend v.为正式用词，用于对具体功绩或成就表示嘉奖，通常指上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的赞赏。The teacher commended the student for doing well on the exam.老师表扬学生们的考试成绩优异。

praise v.为一般用词，用于对某人的优秀品质表示钦佩羡慕；赞颂，赞美。

A supervisor praised the employee for her good work.一位主管称赞这位员工的工作做得不错。

Survivors of the crash praised God for saving them.坠机事件的幸存者赞颂上帝使他们得救。

area, district, region, vicinity, zone 这一组名词都有”区域“的意思。

area n.泛指面积较大的地区；面积；专业领域。The New York area has high rents.纽约地区房租很高。district n.行政区划的小范围地区。如Xicheng district北京西城区 region n.行政区划上更大的地区，如”自治区“；身体部位。

The northeast region of the USA includes New York and the six New England states.美国东北部包括纽约和新英格兰地区的那六个州。vicinity n.周围地区，附近地区。

The police were alerted that the escaped criminal might be in the vicinity.警察都十分警惕因为逃跑的罪犯就藏在附近地区。zone n.指特定的地方、地带。

The city passed a law to create a business zone on some empty land.市政府通过法律，在一些空地上开辟商业区。

assembly, conference, congress, rally, seminar, session, summit, symposium 这一组名词都表示”会议“的意思。assembly n.集合，集会。

The assembly of students takes place in the auditorium.学生们在大礼堂举行集会。conference n.(专门性的)会议，讨论会。

The conference on international economic problems met in Geneva.关于世界经济问题的会议在日内瓦召开。

congress n.代表大会，(美国的)国会。

Congress passes laws that must be obeyed by the people.美国国会通过的法律，人民一定要遵守。

rally n.(鼓舞士气的)集会；群众性集会。

The football coach called a rally to build up the team's excitement for the next game.足球教练召开了一个动员会，以便鼓舞士气打好下次比赛。seminar n.(大学的)研究班，研讨会。

During summer vacations some teachers attend seminars at college.暑假里，一些教师在学院里参加研究班。

session n.(一届)会议，回合。

the autumn session of Parliament议会的秋季会议 summit n.最高级会议，峰会(通常为领导人参加)。

Next year, the summit will be held in Vienna.明年将在维也纳举行最高级会谈。symposium n.(学术、科研方面的)座谈会，专题报告会。

The symposium on SARS research lasted two days.非典型性肺炎研究的研讨会持续了两天。

assessment, estimate, evaluation 这一组名词都有”评估“的意思。

assessment n.评估，估价，常常表示对于财产、价值的评估。

We have a low assessment on our property.我们对我们的资产评估很低。estimate n.估计，强调进行评估得出的结果，常与动词give搭配。

The mechanic gave me a rough estimate of two or three hundred dollars for the repairs to my car.机械师给我的汽车修理费的粗略估计是200或300美元。

evaluation n.(对于能力，价值、工作业绩的)评价，估价，常带有肯定的、正确的含义。He gave a positive evaluation of our scientific research.他对于我们的科学研究给予了积极的评价。

associate, ally, combine, unite 这一组词都有”联合“的意思。

associate v.交往，结交；联系，联想。多指平等友好的合作，后接with，表示与某人交往或合作，后接in表示在某个方面合作。

We associate with our neighbors at church.在教堂里，我们同邻居交往。ally v.使结盟，使联姻，多与with搭配。

Several political parties allied with each other against higher taxes.几个政治党派联合起来反对提高税收。

combine v.联合，化合，混合，多指为了某个目的将不同的人或物混合而成一个整体。The girl combined sugar, butter, and flour to made the dough.小姑娘把糖、黄油和面粉混合到一起做成面团。

unite v.联合，合并，团结，尤指不同的事物或人组成统一体，强调结果的一致性。The nation united against its enemy.国民团结一致共同对敌。

average, common, general, universal, usual 这一组形容词都有”普通“的意思。

average a.普通的，一般的，它强调的是一般水准或普通水准；通常在有数字出现的情况下，表示”平均的“。

The average runner can run 2 miles in fifteen minutes.跑步者15分钟内平均跑两英里。common a.常见的，普通的，不足为奇的，有时引申为”平凡的“，强调事物的共同性。另外，它还有”公共的，共同的“之意。

Car accidents are a common occurrence.交通事故是很普通的事件。

general a.普通的，一般的，表示涉及到各方面，强调整体性而非个别和例外，该词的反义词为particular。

In general, the economy is doing well now.总的来说，现在的经济形式还不错。universal a.普遍的，比general语气更强，有”全然没有例外“的意思。

Poverty is a universal problem all over the world.贫困是世界各地普遍存在的问题。usual a.通常的，惯常的，强调”习惯性的，符合规章制度的“，是个一般用语。

award, reward award v.指正式地或官方地颁发，授予，给予；也可以指法庭裁决给予。后面可跟双宾语。The school principal awarded a prize in history to the best student.学校校长将历史奖授予最出色的学生。reward

v.酬劳，奖赏，回报，通常指因做了某一件事或提供了某种服务而应得到报酬或酬谢，其后一般以人或人的行为作宾语。后跟with用来说明以何物作为报酬。

I will reward to the person who returns my lost dog.我将出50美元，酬谢帮我找回丢失的狗的人。aware, conscious aware a.知道的，意识到的，强调感官对外界事物的意识。He was aware of his mistake.他意识到自己的错误。conscious a.有意识的，意识到的，一般指内心所意识到的。

The salesman is conscious of the fact that he must increase sales.销售员意识到他必须增加销售量。

base, foundation, ground 这一组名词都有”基础“的意思。

base n.指具体的有形的基础，也可指物体的底部、基部；基地，总部。

They use their apartment in New York as a home base from which they travel frequently.他们把纽约的公寓作为他们频繁出行的大本营。

foundation n.本义指建筑物的地基，含有坚实的基础的意思；基金会。

The foundation for our house is made of cement.我们房子的地基是水泥打下的。ground n.地面，土地，也指地域，水底，海底。

basic, elementary, fundamental basic a.基本的，基础的，既可用于具体事物，也可用于抽象事物。He has a basic understanding of the problem.他对问题有基本的了解。elementary a.初步的，初级的。elementary school小学

fundamental a.根本性的，一般只用于抽象的事物；必要的，必须的。

Honesty is a fundamental principle in dealing with others.诚实是与别人相处的基本原则。

beam, chuckle, giggle, grin, jeer, laugh, roar, sneer 这一组都有”笑“的意思，而它们之间的差别也是明显的。

beam v.本义指照耀，放光，引申为”微笑“，是正式用语，指面带喜悦或笑容，暗示对他人的友好或内心的满足。

She beamed with happiness.她高兴得眉开眼笑。

chuckle v.(书面语)吃吃的笑，抿嘴笑，轻声笑，多指因得意或领会到某事中的趣味而暗自发笑。

She does not laugh out loud;she only chuckles.她没有笑出声来，只是抿嘴而笑。giggle v.咯咯地笑，痴笑，傻笑，多指女人和孩子由于紧张、被逗乐、尴尬时所发出的笑声。The schoolgirls giggled when the famous football player walkedsintostheir classroom.当这个著名的足球运动员走进教室时，女生们都咯咯地笑起来。grin v.露齿而笑，指人因高兴、满足、轻蔑等咧开嘴露齿地笑。He grinned at his mother.他冲他的妈妈咧嘴一笑。jeer v.讥笑，嘲笑，其同义词是mock。

The crowd jeered when the boxer was knocked down.当那个拳手被人打倒时，人群开始嘲笑他。

laugh v.笑，大笑，用于一般的笑或出声的大笑。roar v.怒吼，咆哮，引申为放声大笑，哄堂大笑。

He roared when he heard the joke.听完这个笑话，他哈哈大笑。sneer v.冷笑，嘲笑，指以语言、表情、和声调表示轻蔑或嘲弄。

He sneered at the offer and said it was two low.他对报价嗤之以鼻，说它太低了。

bewilder, puzzle, confuse, embarrass, perplex 这一组词都有”迷惑“的意思。

bewilder v.使困惑，使茫然，强调非常困惑，通常表现为心理和智力的紊乱，语气最重。He was fired without warning and is completely bewildered about the reason.他没有得到事先警告就被开除了，完全不明白是什么原因。

When the farmers visited the city for the first time, they were bewildered by its complicated traffic system.当这些农夫们第一次到城里的时候，他们对城市复杂的交通系统感到迷惑不解。

puzzle v.使迷惑，感到不解，强调不理解或解决不了。

Where the sunken treasure is puzzles explorers.沉没宝藏的下落令探险家们大惑不解。confuse v.一般用语，使混乱，使糊涂，强调因混淆而使人产生迷乱。

He sent the wrong reports because he confused them with other ones.他发错了报告，因为他把它们同另外一些报告混淆在一起了。

embarrass v.使窘迫，使为难，使困惑，有令人不快、难为情和内心混乱的意味。Her boyfriend embarrassed her by teasing her about her new hairstyle in front of others.她的男友在别人面前嘲笑她的新发型，使她感到难堪。perplex v.使杂乱，使疑虑，使不安。

The new tax laws perplex me.新税收法律使我很费解。blame, condemn, reproach, scold 这一组动词都有”责怪“的意思。blame v.责怪，把……归咎于。

You can't blame anyone in case you fail the exam.万一你考试不及格，你不能怪罪任何人。condemn v.谴责，用于比较正式的、严肃的场合。

The wife condemned her husband for drinking too much.妻子因丈夫贪杯而责怪他。

reproach v.(书面语)责备，表示不满。

His teacher reproached him for not doing his homework.老师责备他不做作业。scold v.责骂，训斥。blunder, error, mistake 这一组词都表示”错误“。

blunder n.(因为无知、疏忽犯下的)大错，愚蠢的错误。

I think that I committed a blunder in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.这位女士由于我的问题感到很难过，我感觉到犯了一个大错。

error n.指判断、计算或行为上的错误，也可指智力或道义上的错误。The accident was the result of human error.这事故是人为的错误造成的。mistake n.误会，误解；(粗心、遗忘所导致的)错误。

I took your bag instead of mine by mistake.我错拿了你的手提包。

brittle, fragile, frail, crisp, invalid 这一组形容词都有”弱“的意思。

brittle a.易碎的，易损坏的，通常是指坚硬的东西。

The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken.老年人的骨头变得脆弱，很容易骨折。

fragile a.常常修饰使用时必须小心才不会破碎的东西，也引申为体弱的，虚弱的。

He 's feeling a bit fragile after last night's party.他参加了昨晚的聚会以后，现在感觉有些虚弱。frail a.(指人)体弱的，虚弱的，也可以指东西易碎的。His mother has grown old and frail.他母亲已经年老体弱。

crisp a.指食品的松脆；清新的，爽快的；活跃的，有生气的，干净利落的。crisp biscuit松脆的饼干

The student gave a clear, crisp answer to the teacher's question.学生干净利落地回答了老师的问题。

invalid a.不正确的，缺乏证据的；无效的，作废的。作名词时，表示病弱者，伤残者，久病者。

Your ideas about the first humans are interesting but invalid.你关于最早的人类的观点很有意思，但是缺乏证据。

A bad car accident made him an invalid.一次严重的车祸使他变成了残疾。boundary, border, frontier, rim, verge 这几个名词都有”边界“的意思。

boundary n.边界；界线。多指作为界线的标识物等。

The fence marks the boundary between my land and hers.这道栅栏是我的地和她的地的分界线。border n.较宽的边缘，边界，多指两国或两地之间的分界处附近的边缘地区、边界地带；也可以指物体的边缘等。

We crossed the Mexican bordersintosthe USA.我们穿过墨西哥边界进入美国境内。

frontier n.边界，边境，边疆，指靠近边界(boundary)的区域；也可引申为”未开发的领域“，”(学术的)前沿“等。

The American West was still a frontier a century ago.一个世纪以前美国西部还是一片边疆。She is a biochemist who works on the frontiers of biology.她是从事生物学前沿研究的生化学家。

rim n.边，边缘，尤指圆形或近似圆形的物体的边缘。

verge n.(道路、花坛等长着草的)边缘，引申为”某事即将发生之际“。on the verge of war战争爆发之际

brief, concise, curt, succinct 这一组形容词都有”简短的“意思。

brief a.简明扼要的，简短的，指时间短暂，办事利索，态度明了等；有时含有”虽短但却不失全面“的意味。

The manager made a brief statement to open the meeting.经理致了简短的开幕词。concise a.(文字等的)简要、精练，常含有保留主要部分的意思。

His letter was concise, omitting everything not pertinent to the job.他的信写得简明扼要，省略掉了所有与该项工作无关的部分。

curt a.三言两语的，简短的，常含有”草率“的意思。

He asked his boss a question, but got a curt reply , ”I have no time for you now!“他问老板一个问题，但是老板草率的说：”我没时间搭理你。“ succinct a.简明的，简洁的，简练的，尤指用词简练，除含有concise的意思外，还有经过压缩的或简化的意思。

succinct summary of the argument论点的概要

bush, shrub, jungle 这一组词均与树木有关。bush n.矮树丛。

shrub n.有木茎的灌木，灌木丛。jungle n.热带稠密的雨林或丛林。

certify, rectify, testify, verify 这是一组形近易混词。

certify v.证明，声称是真的。

He certified it was his wife's handwriting.他证明那是他妻子的手迹。

rectify v.改正，纠正；整顿。

He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错。

testify v.(在法庭上)宣誓作证；表明。

He is the only person who can testify in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously.由于其他的证人已经被神秘地杀害，他成为这件案例中唯一可以作证的人。verify v.(用事实)证实或核实。I verified the store's address by calling to check it.我打电话询问，以核实商店的地址。

compel, constrain, force, oblige 这一组动词都有”强迫“的意思。

compel v.强迫，迫使，常表示运用权利、力量迫使对方做某事；有时也表示”别无办法，不得不做“。

His illness compelled him to stay in bed.他的病迫使他卧床休息。

constrain v.力劝，强迫，与compel意思相近，但更多强调内心情感(如道德、怜悯等)的强迫和限制作用，一般用于正式的场合。

As an artist he didn't consider himself constrained by the same rules of social conduct as other people.他认为自己是艺术家，不必象一般人那样要受到社会行为准则的约束。force v.强迫，迫使，暴力威胁的意味较浓，常用于被动语态。The thief forced her to hand over the money.强盗逼迫她把钱交出来。oblige v.(因法律、习俗等)强迫，迫使，常常用于被动。

We are obliged to stop the car at a red light.我们遇到红灯时必须停车。

complaint, disorder 这两个词都有”疾病“的意思。

complaint n.疾病(主要指病人去看病时向医生描述的病症，既可以是小病、慢性病，也可以是传染性疾病)；抱怨，埋怨，不满。a heart complaint心脏病

disorder n.(精神或肉体的)疾病(着重于身心、机能的失调、不平衡)；骚乱，**；混乱，杂乱。

a disorder of the digestive system消化系统疾病

complement, supplement，append 这三个名词都有”补充“的意思。

complement n.补充，补充物，主要指补充不足使之完美。

Rice makes an excellent complement to a curry dish.有咖喱的菜配米饭最棒。supplement n.增补，补充，补贴，主要指另外补加，增补。

One year after we made our report, we had to add a supplement to cover new events.我们在报告完成一年之后，必须增补一个包含新事件的附加部分。

append n.附加，添上或补充某事物(尤指文字)。

The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律师在合同后又附加了两页。

component, element, factor, ingredient 这一组名词都有”组成成分“的意思。

component n.零部件；(某事物的)组成部分；成分。

Tires, the engine, the body, and the seats are component of a car.轮胎，引擎，车身以及坐椅都是一辆汽车的零部件。

element n.元素；组成部分，方面；某特定类型的人或群体，分子。

The elements hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.氢元素和氧元素构成了水。He belongs to a bad element in this city.他属于这个城市的坏分子。factor n.因素，要素，侧重指原因。Endurance is an important factor in success in sports.耐力是体育比赛成功的一个重要因素。ingredient n.原料，成分，要素。

Flour, milk, butter and yeast are some ingredients in bread.面粉、牛奶、黄油和酵母是做面包的一些原料。

comprise, compose, consist, constitute, include 这一组动词都有”组成，包含“的意思。

comprise v.包含，包括，由……组成(整体)；组成，构成。

Our company's product line comprises 2,500 different items.我们公司的生产线是由2,500个不同的组成部分构成的。

compose v.构成(整体)，组成；由……组成(后接of，常用于被动语态)；创作(作曲、诗歌等)。The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.委员会主要由教师和学生家长组成。

consist v.组成，构成,由……组成(后接of，常用于主动语态)；(后接in)在于，存在于。The problem consists of two parts.问题由两部分组成。

The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.这计划的好处就在于简单易行。

constitute v.构成，组成(整体)。

Crime and illegal drugs constitute the city's major problems.犯罪和非法毒品买卖是这个城市面临的主要问题。

include v.包括，包含，把……列入。

The conference delegates included representatives from abroad.大会代表中有来自海外的代表。

concentrate, focus 这两个动词都有”集中“的意思。

concentrate v.集中，集中精力(后接on，宾语可以是具体或抽象的东西)；浓缩，压缩。During exams, students concentrate hard on answering the questions.考试期间，同学们集中精力回答问题。

focus v.集中(于某事物)；将(注意力等)集中于……(后接on，宾语一般不是具体的东西)。Please focus your minds on the following problem.请集中考虑以下问题。

confinement, limitation, restraint 这一组名词都有”限制，局限“的意思。

confinement n.限制，囚禁(于某地或某种境地)。

The prisoner was sentenced to three months' solitary confinement.那犯人被判处单独监禁三个月。

limitation n.限制，局限；(能力的)缺点，弱点。

That employee has limitations on what work he can do.那个雇员能做的工作有限。

restraint n.克制，抑制；约束措施。

Even though the mother was very angry, she acted with restraint and didn't yell at her child.即使母亲很生气，她仍克制自己没有向孩子大吼。

considerable, considerate 这是一对形近易混的形容词。

considerable a.相当大的，相当多的；值得考虑的。That family owns a considerable amount of land.那个家族拥有大量的土地。

considerate a.考虑周到的，体贴的，后面常跟of结构。

He is always considerate of others;he is kind and sympathetic.他总是很体谅别人，他很慈善并且富有同情心。

conserve, preserve, reserve 这是一组形近易混词，且都有”保存“的意思。

conserve v.保存，保藏，保护(强调节约)。

In winter, some people conserve energy by lowing the heat at night.冬天，为节约能源有些人在夜里把暖气调小。

preserve v.保护；维持；保养；防止(食物)腐败(强调使不受破坏)。

The government preserves the rights of the individual person.政府保护个人的权利不受侵犯。reserve v.保留，储备(强调为某一特殊目的)；订(座位)，预定。

We are reserving these seats for my parents.我们把这些座位留给我的父母。

continual, continuous, constant, incessant 这一组形容词都有”不断的，不停的“的意思。

continual a.连续不断的；频繁的。表示时断时续的发生。

That dog's barking is a continual annoyance.那条狗不停地叫，真是烦死人了。

continuous a.不停的，连续不断的，强调中间不停顿。

Our homes and offices need a continuous supply of electricity.我们的家庭以及办公室需要不间断的供电。

constant a.不断的，经常的，强调始终如一地经常出现。

Everything in the universe is in constant motion.宇宙中的万物都在不断地运动。

incessant a.不停的，持续不断的，强调令人厌烦地重复出现，中间有可能有停顿。Incessant noise makes me appreciate silence.持续不断的噪声骚扰使我喜欢安静的环境。

convert, invert, revert, transform 这一组动词都有”转变“的意思。

convert v.转变，变换，含有”使某人改变观点“的意思。

He wants to convert to Catholicism.他要皈依天主教。

invert v.使颠倒，使倒转，使反向。常常表示位置、顺序、方向等的颠倒。The baby inverted the cup and spilled her orange juice.婴儿把杯子打翻，弄洒了里面的橙汁。

revert v.归还，恢复原状。指回到原来的状态或情形。

John gave his brother a house, and when his brother died，ownership reverted back to John.约翰送给他的哥哥一所房子，当他的哥哥去世后，房子的所有权重新归于约翰。

transform v.改变，转变，指形状、颜色、大小、性质等的改变。

A little paint will soon transform the old house.刷一点油漆很快就会使这所旧房子大为改观。

credible, credulous, plausible 这一组形容词都有”可信的“意思。credible a.可信的，可靠的。That the student told the teacher a credible story that she missed classes because she was sick.那个学生跟老师讲了实情，她没来上课是因为她病了。credulous a.轻信的，易于相信的。

She was credulous when she listened to the salesman and bought the car for too much money.她很容易轻信别人，竟然听信那个销售员的话以高价买了那辆车。

plausible a.似乎有理的(可信的)。常带有怀疑的意思。

Even though it is a plausible explanation, I am not completely convinced.虽然这个解释合理，但仍不可能使我完全相信。

decline, refuse, reject, deny 这组动词都有”拒绝“的意思。

decline v.婉言拒绝，谢绝，相当于refuse politely，主要用于拒绝有关社交活动的邀请或要求帮助的请求，后接名词或动词不定式，主语只能是人。

I invited her to join us, but she declined.我邀请她和我们在一起，可是她婉言谢绝了。refuse v.是比较普通的用词，表示”拒绝“，含有非常坚决地、不客气地拒绝的意思。reject v.抛弃，不采纳，主语可以是人或物，后接名词，不能接动词不定式。

He asked her to go to the movies three times, and each time she rejected him.他三次约她去看电影，但每一次都被拒绝。

deny v.否认，否定，其后可接名词，代词或that从句。

The defendant denied the accusations made against him in court.被告在法庭上否认了对他的指控。

deduce, induce, reduce 这是一组形近易混词。

deduce v.推断，推理，演绎。

My friend becomes quiet when his girlfriend is angry with him;today he is quiet and so I deduce she is angry.我的朋友在他的女朋友生他的气的时候就会变得沉默，今天他很沉默，所以我推断她生气了。

induce v.引诱，劝；引起，导致。

We couldn't induce the old lady to travel by air.我们无法劝说那位老太太坐飞机去。

reduce v.减轻，减小；降低。

He reduced his weight by 20 pounds by eating less and exercising.他通过节食和运动，体重减轻了20磅。

delay, postpone 这两个词都有”延迟“之意。

delay v.延期，延缓，耽搁，常指由于不可避免的障碍等原因而延期。

Her late arrival delayed the start of the meeting.她的迟到使会议延迟开始。

postpone v.耽搁，暂缓，常指将某事放置一边，等到另一事发生或一定时间后再做。Our meeting for today was postponed until next week.我们今天的会议推迟到下周举行。

demonstrate, illustrate 这两个词都有”说明“的意思。

demonstrate v.多指通过具体动作或物体进行演示、示范、表演、展示等以达到说明或解释的目的。

This salesman demonstrated how to cook with a pressure cooker.这个推销员当众演示如何用压力锅煮东西。

illustrate v.强调通过举例、列图表或比较等方式来说明道理。

The teacher illustrated the history lesson by telling a story about George Washington.那个老师通过乔治•华盛顿的故事来讲述他的历史课。

disappear, vanish, fade 这一组词都有”消失“的意思。

disappear v.消失，不见；灭绝，不复存在。是个一般用语。The little dog was just there, then he

disappeared.那条小狗刚才就在那里，然后就不见了。

vanish v.消失，不见，指突然间化为乌有，强调非常彻底地、神秘莫测地消失、失踪。The man ransintosthe shop and vanished from sight.那个男子跑到了商店里，然后就消失了。fade v.指衣服的颜色褪色，声音的逐渐消失。

The wallpaper has faded from red to pale pink.墙纸从红色褪成了淡粉色。

decline, decrease, diminish, reduce 这一组动词都有”减少“的意思。

decline v.(数量、数字、价格、比率)下降，下落。

Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。decrease v.减少，减小，强调逐渐地下降或减少的过程。

diminish v.(力量、势力)减弱，减少，强调由于某种原因而减少，这种减少可以造成能够为人们所察觉的后果或损失。

The need to take action has diminished.已经没有多少需要采取行动的必要性了。

reduce v.是及物动词，指通过人为的方法在数量、规模、范围等方面减少，也可以指在地位、重要性方面降低等级。

He reduced his weight by 20 pounds by eating less and exercising.他通过节食和运动，体重减轻了20磅。

deviate, distract, divert 这三个词都有”转移“的意思。

deviate v.背离，偏离。多指脱离正轨或正题等。

He deviated from society by becoming a drug addict.他成为一名吸毒者，从而违背了社会道德准则。

distract v.使分心，分散(注意力、心理等)。常带有不能专心的意思。

Noise distracts him, so he can't study for exams.喧闹声分散了他的注意力，所以他无法进行考试的复习。

divert v.转移，使转向，着重改变后的结果，后常接介词from。

A loud noise diverted everyone's attention from their work.一声巨响转移了每个人的工作注意力。

dip, immerse, submerge 这几个词都有”浸，浸入“的意思。dip v.浸，浸染，蘸。多指短时地将某物部分地浸到液体中，有小心翼翼的意思。The artist dipped his brush in the paint.艺术家拿画笔蘸了蘸颜料。

immerse v.沉浸，使沉浸于。指全部浸泡在液体中达一段时间，也可指一种氛围。Students immerse themselves in their studies.同学们在专心致志地学习。submerge v.浸没，淹没。多指全部浸没在水下达一定深度。

The girl was submerged in the shallow end of the pool.女孩泡在水池的浅水区一端。

divide, separate 这两个动词都有”分开“的意思。

divide v.分开，划分，指把整体分成若干部分，也表示”疏远“的意思，常用结构为”divide…from“。

The huge corporation dividedsintossmaller companies.这家大公司分成了一些较小的公司。separate v.作及物动词时，意思是”分隔“，指把原来连接在一起或靠近的东西分隔开来，常用结构为”separate…from“；作不及物动词时，表示”分散，分别“。

duty, obligation, responsibility duty n.指道义上的责任，强调自觉性，作可数名词时指本职工作的任务。His duty is to see that the business runs well.他的职责是保证生意良好运转。obligation n.指合同或法律上规定的”责任，义务“，强调其约束力。

Parents have a legal obligation to ensure that their children are provided with efficient education suitable to their age.父母有法律上的义务确保其子女受到适合其年龄的有效教育。responsibility n.职责，强调对后果要负责任的意思。

His father is ill, and he has the responsibility of caring for him.他的父亲病了，他有责任照顾他。

eject, inject, project 这是一组形近易混词。

eject v.跳出，喷出，弹射出。

The pilot ejected from the falling airplane.飞行员从坠落的飞机中弹射出去。

inject v.注射。

The nurse injected some medicinesintosthe patient with a needle.护士用注射器给患者打针。project v.伸出，突出；预计，预报；投射，放映。

The balcony projects out beyond the wall of the house.阳台从房子的墙壁上突出来。

The government projects that the defence budget will increase by 20%.政府预计国防预算将增长百分之二十。

eligible, illegible eligible a.享有权利的，具备资格的。

He graduated from high school with good grades, so he is eligible to enroll in the state college.他以优异的成绩从中学毕业，所以他有资格就读于州立大学。illegible a.很难看懂的，难以辨认的。

The writing is illegible;I cannot read what it says.字迹不清楚，我看不清上面写的是什么。eminent, imminent 这是一组形近易混词。

eminent a.著名的，卓越的，接触的。

He is eminent in the field of linguistics.他在语言学领域很有名。imminent a.即将发生的，迫在眉睫的，临近的。

The wedding date is imminent, so we must send invitations.婚礼迫近，所以我们必须发放请柬了。

emotion, feeling, passion, sensation, sentiment 这一组名词都有”感情“的意思。

emotion n.情感，感情，指喜怒哀乐等较激动的情绪，表示某物引起的激动。He felt mixed emotions when he thought of her.当他想起她时便产生一种复杂的感情。feeling n.指一般的情绪、感觉，它一般不反映感情的本质和强度。passion n.激情，热情，欲望，极度的仇恨，指强烈的爱好、愤怒或情欲。He spoke with passion about the love of freedom.他满腔热情地谈论着对自由的热爱。sensation n.指人体感官受到外部刺激时产生的感觉，知觉。When she watched the film, she had the sensation that she was in a moving car.她看电影时，感觉自己正坐在一辆开动的汽车上。

sentiment n.思想感情，情绪，感情色彩，指由于某种思想唤起的感情，强调主观作用，有时候也带有理智成分。

When our grandmother died, we remembered her life with strong sentiment.当祖母逝世时，我们深深地怀念她的一生。

encourage, excite, inspire, motivate, stimulate 这一组动词都有”鼓励、刺激“的意思。

encourage v.鼓励，促进，含有”使增强勇气或给予希望“的意味。

He encouraged his son to go to good college.他鼓励他的儿子上名牌大学。excite v.指使人感到激动、兴奋；煽动，鼓动。

The band played louder and excited the audience.乐队演奏得更响亮了，使观众兴奋起来。inspire v.鼓舞，激发，影响，常常带有”启迪，启发“的意思。

My mother inspires us with stories of her difficult childhood.我的妈妈给我们讲童年时的艰苦生活以激励我们。

motivate v.激发，促动，强调激起动机去做某事。

A desire to go to medical school motivates her to study hard everyday.她希望上医学院，这成了她每天努力学习的动力。

stimulate v.刺激，激发，促进，强调刺激反应的结果。Cold air stimulates me.冷空气刺激我振作起来。

equal, equivalent, identical 这一组形容词都有”相同的，相等的“的意思。

equal a.(数字、数量、权力、价值)相等的；(指人)胜任的。

Those two tables are of equal length.这两张桌子一样长。

It is a big responsibility to take on, so I hope he 's equal to the task.要担负的责任很大，我希望他能够胜任这项任务。

equivalent a.相等的，相同的，与equal基本可以互换使用。

The two computers are equivalent in speed.这两台计算机在运算速度上是相同的。identical a.同一的，完全相同的。

The boys are identical twins.这两个男孩子是一模一样的双胞胎。

equipment, facility, instrument equipment n.指生产、研究所需要的设备、装置，如各种机器和器材，是不可数名词。a factory with modern equipment具有现代化设备的工厂

facility n.指较大的设施、设备，尤指公用的、为大众带来便利的设备。

The facility at that club includes tennis courts and a swimming pool.那家俱乐部的体育设施包括网球场地和一个游泳池。

instrument n.乐器，仪器，为某个用途而使用的工具。

As a flexible actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.作为一个多才多艺的演员，他既可以表演，又会唱歌跳舞，还能够演奏不同种类的乐器。

essential, indispensable, necessary essential a.表示属于某事物的要素或特征是”主要的，核心的，本质的，必不可少的“。

The essential point is we must do what the contract says.核心的一点是我们必须按照合同的规定去做。

indispensable a.强调客观上是必不可少的，否则就无法维持生命或做不成某一件事。Warm clothing is indispensable in cold weather.在寒冷的天气里，厚衣服是必不可少的。necessary a.是一般用语，强调从主观上看是必须的，不可避免的。

exceed, surpass, transcend 这一组动词都有”超过“的意思。

exceed v.多于，大于，超过，多指数量或允许的限度。

Sales of the new product exceeded our estimates.新产品的销售超出了我们的预计。surpass v.优于或超过某人(某物)。

The runner surpassed his old record by 10 seconds.跑步运动员比他过去的记录提高了10秒。transcend v.超出或超越，一般指超越经验、常识、普通能力等，强调难以为大众理解。The nature of God transcends of human comprehension.上帝的本质难以为人们所理解。

faint, feeble, fragile, weak faint a.虚弱的，眩晕的，指人在特定场合感觉到的虚弱，通常不是天生体质上的虚弱而是由于某种原因造成的暂时的情况。

The summer sun was so strong that she felt faint.夏天的阳光太强烈了，她感觉到眩晕。feeble a.虚弱的，无力的，常用来形容人的声音或行为。

The elderly lady has become feeble and unable to care herself.这个老太太已经很虚弱了，无法照顾她自己。

fragile a.脆弱的，易碎的，指物体容易打碎，或人体质虚弱、容易受伤害。That dish is fragile, so be careful.那个盘子容易碎，所以千万小心。

weak a.这组词中应用范围最广的一个，既可以指身体虚弱的，无力的，也可引申为在力量、权力、技能、影响等方面有欠缺或软弱。

The patient is losing blood and becoming weak.病人在失血，身体开始虚弱下去。

feasible, practicable, practical, pragmatic feasible a.可行的，行得通的，用来表示实施后可以成功的。

Your work plan is feasible, so we can build the bridge immediately.你的工作计划是可行的，所以我们可以马上修建那座桥。

practicable a.能实施的，可行的，只表示一种可能性，但是实施后的效果不一定理想。Their marriage was so bad that divorce seemed the only practicable solution.他们的婚姻是如此的糟糕以至于离婚似乎是唯一可行的解决办法。

practical a.实践的，实用的，实际的，指未经过实践检验的事物，如计划、项目等。She felt that most of what she learned in the course was of no practical use.她感到在课上学到的大部分知识都没有实际用途。

pragmatic a.讲究实际的，实用的，务实的，强调用常识解决实际问题，不追求不切实际的目标。

He would like to be a doctor, but he has a pragmatic attitude and realizes that he cannot afford medical school.他想成为一名医生，但是他很实际，知道自己上不起医学院。

gaze, gape, glance, glare, glimpse, peer, peep, stare 这一组动词都含有”看“的意思。

gaze v.凝视，注视，指由于好奇、感叹、长时间目不转睛地看。

She gazed at her beautiful new diamond ring.她凝视着自己的这颗美丽崭新的钻戒。

gape v.(张着嘴、瞪大眼睛)呆看，强调一种吃惊的状态。

The children gaped at the big elephant in the zoo.在动物园，孩子们张大了嘴巴呆呆地看着大象。

glance v.(粗略地、随便地)一瞥，看一眼。

He glanced over the letter he had just received.他把刚收到的那封信粗略地看了一遍。glare v.怒目而视，强调怀有敌意或在气愤的情绪下看；眩目地照射。

The woman glared at the man after he shouted rudely at her.那男人粗暴地冲她大声喊叫，她也怒目而视。

glimpse v.与glance意思相近，短促地看一眼，一瞥。

peer v.指眯起眼睛仔细看，尤指看不清楚的情况下；费力地看，凝视。

Being somewhat short-sighted, she has the habit of peering at people.因为有点近视，她有眯着眼睛看人的习惯。peep v.窥视，偷看。

The mother peepedsintosthe bedroom to see if her child was asleep.母亲偷偷向卧室看了一下，看她的孩子是否睡着了。

stare v.凝视，盯着，指由于好奇、惊讶、赞叹等原因而瞪大眼睛长时间地、直接地注视，常常含有粗鲁无礼的意思。

I told my son to stop staring at that fat woman;it wasn't nice.我告诉儿子不要盯着那个胖女人，那样看人不礼貌。

historical, historic 这两个形容词都和”历史“有关系。

historical a.历史上的，有关历史的，史学方面的，以历史为基础的。

The French Revolution was of freat historical importance.法国革命具有重要的历史意义。historic a.历史上著名的，重要的。

a historic meeting between two leaders两个领袖间的历史性会晤

hospitality, hostility 这是一组形近易混词。

hospitality n.热情招待，殷勤好客。

We enjoyed the hospitality of friends at their country home.朋友们在乡下的居所热情地招待了我们，使我们过得很愉快。

hostility n.来自与形容词hostile(不友善的，敌对的)，敌意，对抗。You can feel the hostility coming from that man.你可以感觉到那个人的敌意。

hypercritical, hypocritical hypercritical a.吹毛求疵的，批评苛刻的。

He is so hypercritical that he corrects every mistake his students made.他很苛刻，对于学生的每个错误都要纠正。

hypocritical a.虚伪的，伪善的。hypocritical behaviour伪善的行为

ignore, neglect, omit, overlook 这一组动词都有”忽略“的意思。

ignore v.忽视，不理睬，指有意识地拒绝。

She saw him coming but she ignored him.她看见他走过来，但是装作没看见。neglect v.忽视，忽略，疏忽，指无意识地忽视或忘记。

He neglected to make repairs in his house.他忘记了修理房子。

omit v.遗漏，忽略，忘记，指由于疏忽而忘记，也可以表示因不利或不好而被忽略等。She omitted several steps in the experiment and it failed.她在实验中遗漏了几个步骤，结果实验失败了。

overlook v.忽略，疏漏，指有意识地遗漏，也可以指无意识地忽略。

The mother overlooked her little boy's bad behavior.那位母亲忽视了她的小儿子的不良行为。

imaginable, imaginary, imaginative imaginable a.可想象的，往往作后置定语，所修饰的名词前常加all，every，only或形容词的最高级。

In her painting, she has used every color imaginable.在她的绘画中，她用了所以可以想象的到的色彩。

imaginary a.虚构的，想象中的。

The child has an imaginary friend.那个孩子有个假想中的朋友。imaginative a.富于想象力的。

an imaginative writer富于想象力的作家

imitate, intimate, intimidate 这是一组形近易混词。

imitate v.模仿，仿效；复制，仿造。

The boy imitates his father's way of talking.那个男孩模仿他父亲说话的样子。intimate a.亲密的；温馨的，舒适的。

We have had an intimate friendship since we were young.我们自年轻时代起就建立了亲密的友谊。

intimidate v.恐吓，威胁。An older boy intimidated the little children when he took their lunch money.一个年龄大一点的男孩恐吓那些小孩子，并且抢走了他们的午饭钱。

imperial, imperious

imperial a.帝国的，帝王的；帝王般的，威严的；英制的(非公制的度量衡制，如磅，加仑，品脱等)。

the imperial guards帝国卫士

imperious a.傲慢的，专横的。

The strict father showed an imperious attitude toward his children.那个严厉父亲对孩子的态度很专横。

imply, infer imply v.(从言语或态度中)暗示，暗指(某种事情)。

The Secretary of the Treasury implied that interest rates would go down.财政大臣暗示利率将下降。

infer v.(根据已知事实)推断，推理。

I infer from your smile that you are happy.从你的笑容可以看出你很高兴。

industrial, industrious 这是一组形近易混词。

industrial a.工业的，产业的，来自于名词industry。

Industrial production is up this year;but agriculture is weak.今年的工业产值上升了，但是农业依然薄弱。

industrious a.勤奋的，忙碌的。

She started her own business and is now very industrious.她自己开了一家公司，因此很忙碌。

initial, original, primitive initial a.开始的，最初的，强调处于事物的起始阶段，也可以指位于开头地方的。

My initial good opinion of him changed with time.时间长了我对他最初的好印象改变了。original a.最初的，最早的；原版的，原物的。指按顺序是首位的，在此前不再有更为原始的同类的东西；也指原件的，原物的，非仿造的东西。

This is the original piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.就是在这架钢琴上，这位作曲家创作出了他的一些伟大的作品。

primitive a.原始的，上古的，早期的，指处于人类生命或事物发展的早期阶段，也可以指自然的或简朴的。

Primitive tribes live in the Amazon River basin.原始部落居住在亚马逊河盆地。

interfere, intervene, interrupt, disturb 这几个词都有”干扰“的意思。

interfere v.干涉，妨碍。常指干涉或妨碍他人(的事)，着重指有影响，当”干涉“讲时，后多接in，当”妨碍，打扰“时后多接with。

It's unwise to interfere between husband and wife.干涉别人夫妇间的事是不明智的

intervene v.干涉，干预，较为正式，常指带有行动的干预；此外，还有”调停“的意思。Would you intervene if you saw a parent hit a child?要是你看到家长打孩子你会干预吗？ interrupt v.打扰，打断，阻碍。常有”使……停止(中断)“的意思。

His speech was constantly interrupted by applause.他的讲话频频被掌声所打断。disturb v.打扰，妨碍。常指失去了正常的状态或导致困难产生。Bad dreams disturbed her sleep.噩梦妨碍她的睡眠。

invaluable, valueless invaluable a.无价的，非常宝贵的，相当于priceless。

Your help in moving the big refrigerator was invaluable.你帮忙搬那个大冰箱，你的帮助是可贵的。

valueless a.没有价值的，相当于worthless。

That bracelet is a cheap, valueless piece of jewelry.那个手镯是一件便宜的、不值钱的首饰。

jealous, envious jealous a.妒忌的，暗含有憎恶与不好的感情。

He gets jealous when other man talks to his girlfriend.当别的男人和他的女朋友说话时间]，他会很嫉妒。

envious a.羡慕的,强调攀比心理所造成的羡慕。

He is envious of my new car and wants one like it.他很羡慕我的新车，也想要一辆同样的。judicial, judicious 这是一组形近易混词。

judicial a.司法的，法律的，法庭的。

The judicial system settles arguments between people.司法系统解决人与人之间的争端。judicious a.果断的，明智的，是个正式用语。

He made a judicious decision to save money for his old age.他做了一个明智的决定，要为他的晚年攒钱。

minor, inferior, secondary, subordinate 这一组形容词都有”次等“的意思。

minor a较少的，较小的，较次要的，常含有轻微的但并非不重要的意思。

We agreed on everything in the contract, even minor points.我们对合同中的一切问题，甚至是细枝末节都达成了一致。

inferior a.次等的，较劣的，差的，当”下级“讲时，强调职位的高低；当”次等“讲时，指素质、质量等的低劣。

Most wine from Switzerland is inferior to wine from France.产于瑞士的葡萄酒多数要比法国的差。

secondary a.第二等的，次要的，强调在重要性或顺序上处于第二位。

My job is of secondary importance to my health.我的工作比起身体来说不那么重要。subordinate a.次要的，从属的，下级的，强调主次地位或支配和隶属的关系。He was always friendly to his subordinate officers.她对下级官员一向和蔼可亲。

opt, apt 这是一对形近易混词。

opt v.选择，抉择，后接for。

She opted for a winter vacation, instead of one in summer.她选择了在冬天休假而不是夏天。apt a.易于……的，(后接to)；恰当的，贴切的。

She is apt to make mistakes if you pressure her too much.如果你给她施加的压力过大，她就很容易出错。

rational, reasonable rational a.理性的，区别于无理性；理智的，区别于感情用事的。

The rational thing to do was to take the sick man to a doctor.理智的做法是送病人去看医生。reasonable a.有道理的，公平合理的，或指人讲道理的。

That man works very hard, so it is reasonable for him to ask for more money.那个人工作努力，所以他要求加薪是合情合理的。

refrain, restrain, constrain refrain v.抑制，禁止，强调抑制一种冲动，是正式用语，为不及物动词，后接介词from。Students refrain from smoking in the classroom.学生们克制住不在教师抽烟。

restrain v.抑制，约束，指通过管束阻止某事发生，是及物动词，其习惯用法是restrain sb.(sth.)from doing。

She restrains her dog by walking him on a leash.溜狗时，她牵着狗来限制它的活动。constrain v.强迫，力劝，是及物动词。

A law constrains the government from spending more money than it takes in.法律限制政府开支大于收入。

respectable, respectful, respective 这是一组形近易混词。

respectable a.值得尊敬的，有好名声的。

They are respectable people who are liked and trusted in their town.他们在家乡是受人们敬爱和信任的人。

respectful a.尊敬他人的，恭敬的。

Students and teachers should have a respectful attitude toward each other.师生应该相互彬彬有礼。

respective a.单个的，分别的。revolve, evolve, involve revolve v.旋转，转动。

The room began to revolve , then he fainted.屋子开始旋转，然后他就昏倒了。evolve v.发展，演变。

Agriculture evolved slowly over thousands of years.几千年来，农业发展得很缓慢。involve v.需要，包含；使卷入，牵涉。

Getting a driver's licence involves learning how to drive, studying the rules of the road, and taking a test.要得到驾驶执照需要学习开车，学习交通规则，还要经过考试。

sanction, sanitation sanction n.认可，准许，批准。

I need my parents' sanction to stay out late.我晚回家需要得到父母的批准。sanitation n.公共卫生，环境卫生，卫生设备。

Strict sanitation is used in businesses such as barber shops and restaurants.在理发店和餐馆等营业场所执行严格的公共卫生制度。

scenery, scene, view, landscape 这一组名词都有”景色"的意思。

scenery n.风景，景色，舞台布景，强调从美的角度看，某个国家或地区的总体外貌。Each year, we spend our vacation in the mountains and enjoy the scenery.我们每年到山区渡假，并欣赏那里的风景。

scene n.指从远处看到的某一具体景色、景象，也可以指人物的活动场面；(犯罪的)地点，现场。

They stood gazing the happy scene of children playing in the park.他们站在那里，注视着孩子们在公园里玩耍的场景。

view n.指从远处或窗户看到的视野范围内的风景；观点，看法。Our house has a view of the park.我们的房子可以看到公园的景色。landscape n.(自然的)风景，景色；风景画。

The landscape seen from the mountains is green and beautiful.站在群山之巅看到的是一片美丽的绿色。

sensible, sensitive, sentimental, sensational 这是一组形近易混词。

sensible a.有知觉的，可感知的；明智的。

The patient was speechless but still sensible.病人虽然不能说话但仍然有知觉。

sensitive a.敏感的，灵敏的。

This film is sensitive to light.这种胶片对光很敏感。sentimental a.多愁善感的，感伤的。

The novel has scenes full of love and loss;it is so sentimental!小说有多处场景充满爱情的悲欢离合，真是感伤啊！

sensational a.耸人听闻的，令人激动的。

I read a sensational story about a ten-year-old mother.我听到一则耸人听闻的故事：十岁女孩做妈妈。

technological, technical 这是一组形近易混词。

technological a.技术上的。

a major technological breakthrough主要技术性突破

technical a.技术的，工艺(学)的；专门的，深奥的。

The banker made some technical points about the economy in his speech.银行家在他的关于经济的演说中提出了几个很专业的论点。

transaction, transition, transmission, transformation, transfer 这是一组在考研和CET-6中经常出现的形近易混词。transaction n.交易行为，处理。

Transactions of shares on the stock exchange were up today.今天证券交易所的股票成交额上升了。

transition n.(从一种情况到另一种的)过渡，更替。The transition from high school to college can be difficult for students.对于学生来说，从中学到大学的过渡会是困难的。

transmission n.传播(比如疾病)；广播。

The transmission of germs can occur by contact, breathing, and eating.细菌通过接触、呼吸和饮食传播。

transformation n.(外观或性质的)改变，改观，转变。

His character seems to have undergone a complete transformation since his marrige.他结婚之后性格判若两人。

transfer n.转移，转让；(工作的)调动；(旅途中的)换乘，改变路线。

The club's goalkeeper isn't happy here, and has asked a transfer.这个足球俱乐部的守门员在此过得不愉快，已经要求转会到其他俱乐部。

第三篇：英语常用同义词辨析

英语常用同义词辨析

habit, custom, manners, usage, practice, convention, tradition 这些名词均含有“习惯，风俗，传统”之意。habit〓侧重于自然养成的，不易去掉的个人习惯。

custom〓指一个国家、一个民族、一个地区或一个社会的习惯、行为方式或风俗习惯。也可指个人的习惯。

manners〓指在某一时期或某一团体中盛行的社会礼仪或社会风俗模式。usage〓指持续时间长，为很多人公认采纳的惯例、习俗。practice〓常指习惯性的做法或行为。

convention〓多指约定俗成的行为方式规则或公认的标准，或指艺术上公认的技巧。tradition〓广义指世代相传的伦理、行为规范和生活方式，特指因长久奉行而几乎具有法律效力的习惯、习俗，侧重历史意义。hang, suspend 这两个动词均含“挂，吊”之意。

hang〓通常指一端固定于一点或一条线上，另一端悬于空中的状态。suspend〓侧重悬挂物支撑点的灵活性和活动自由。happen, occur, chance, take place 这些词语都可表示“发生”之意。

happen〓普通用词，泛指一切客观事物或情况的发生，强调动作的偶然性。occur〓较正式用词，可指意外地发生，也可指意料中的发生。

chance〓侧重事前无安排或无准备而发生的事，特指巧合。take place〓多指通过人为安排的发生。

happy, glad, cheerful, joyful, merry, delightful, gay, pleasant, nice, jolly, agreeable 这些形容词均含“愉快的，高兴的”之意。happy〓侧重感到满足、幸福或高兴。

glad〓最普通用词，语气较弱，表示礼貌的惯用语。指乐于做某事或因某事而感到满足，常表愉快的心情。

cheerful〓多指因内心的愉快而表现出兴高采烈，是强调而自然的感情流露。joyful〓语气较强，强调心情或感情上的欣喜。

merry〓指精神情绪的暂时高涨，表示欢乐、愉快的心境或情景，侧重充满欢笑声和乐趣。delightful〓指能带来强烈的快乐，激起愉快的情感，用于非常愉快的场合。gay〓侧重无忧无虑、精神昂扬、充满生命的快乐。

pleasant〓侧重给人以“赏心悦目”或“愉快的，宜人的”感受。nice〓语气较温和，泛指任何愉快或满意的感觉。

jolly〓通俗用词，多指充满快乐与喜悦的神情。

agreeable〓指与感受者的愿望、情趣或受好等和谐一致而带来的心情上的快意。harbour, port, wharf, pier, seaport

这些名词都有“港，港口，码头”之意。

harbour〓一般用词，指停泊船只、装卸货物的天然或人工港口。port〓多指人工港口，还可指有港口的市。wharf〓指船只停泊装卸货物的码头。

pier〓专指与海岸成直角形而突出的码头，可供旅客，货物上下船或供人散步用。seaport〓指港埠。hardly, scarcely, barely 这些副词均含“几乎不”之意。

hardly〓指接近最低限度，差不多没有多余，强调困难和程度。scarcely〓指不太充分，不太够，不足，不能令人满意，强调数量。barely〓指仅仅够，一点不多，强调没有多余。harmony, agreement, concord, unity, accord 这些名词均有“和谐、一致”之意。

harmony〓指人与人之间或不同部分与整体之间完全协调、和谐、愉快，没有摩擦。agreement〓侧重态度与观点上的一致。

concord〓多指人际、国家间或民族之间协调一致的关系。unity〓指各个成员、各群体之间相互协调一致的关系。accord〓指思想一致，彼此不矛盾，也指行动上的一致。hare, rabbit 这两个名词均有“兔子”之意。hare〓指生在森林或田野等处的野兔。rabbit〓通常指家中饲养的家兔。haste, speed, hurry, dispatch 这些名词均含“迅速，急速”之意。

haste〓中性词，用作褒义指动作迅速，事情做得又快又好；作贬义用时，指做事急躁，行为鲁莽，得不到预期的结果。

speed〓多用于褒义，指行动敏捷快速，效果好。

hurry〓指急速从事某项活动或匆忙对付一件事情，含明显慌乱的意味。dispatch〓指迅速、敏捷地结事某事，强调敏捷和及时。hate, disgust, dislike 这些动词均有“恨，厌恶”之意。hate〓最普通常用词，指因利害冲突或出于正义感或其它因素而对人或物或某种行为表示厌恶，憎恨或极不满。

disgust〓多指对丑恶的行为或对令人不快的事或坏的东西有强烈的憎恶之感。dislike〓语气较弱，指一般的厌烦或不喜欢，有时可能是天生的反感。haughty, proud, arrogant, vain 这些形容词都有“骄傲的，傲慢的”之意。

haughty〓较正式用词，多用于贬义。指对身份或地位比自己低的人采取冷淡、轻视或鄙互的态度。

proud〓含义广，普通用词。褒义指自豪和荣耀以及强烈的自尊；贬义则指傲慢，自以为是或自鸣得意。

arrogant〓用于贬义，指过高估计自己，以致骄傲自大或傲慢无礼，目中无人。vain〓指一个对自己的外表或对自己留给别的印象太过分地关注，以致自命不凡，自鸣得意。have, hold, own, possess, keep, enjoy 这些动词均有“有，具有，持有”之意。

have〓最常用词，可指任何情况下的具有，无论是物质的或精神的。

hold〓指拥有并保持财产及持有见解等，暗示不让别人拿走或占有。

own不及本组的possess正式，多指所属关系，强调所有权，不管所属物是否在物主手中。possess〓较正式，指拥有或占有并能加以控制与支配，强调其归属；也指具有某种品质、才能、特点或性能等。keep〓指长时间地保有，保存某物，防止别人占去，强调安全和感情上的依附。enjoy〓指享有某种权利或长处，带有欣赏或喜爱的情感。have to, must 这两个动词均有“必须，不得不”之意。

have to〓通俗用语，指受客观条件或环境迫使而“不得不”做某事，突出客观性。must〓通常表示命令或说话人主观认为必须要做某事，含强调语气，侧重主观性。headmaster, principal, president 这些名词均有“校长”之意。

headmaster〓在英国指对中小学校长的一般称呼，尤指私立学校的校长。

principal〓在英国可指大学校长、院长以及中小学校长，但在美国仅指中小学校长。president〓在美国专指大学的校长，在英国指学院院长。

healthy, sound, robust, well, strong, vigorous, sturdy, tough, wholesome, fit 这些形容词均含“健康的，强健的”之意。

healthy〓指身体无病，也可指身心健全、正常的。

sound〓侧重身体各部分或器官没有病，无任何缺陷，即健康。robust〓强调身体强健。

well〓仅指没有疾病，但不一定很健康。

strong〓既指体格健壮，又指体力或精神上的力量。vigorous〓指人强健有力，精力充沛。sturdy〓侧重于结实的体格。tough〓着重指人的体格健壮。

wholesome〓多指能给人留下身体健康、思想健全或品德良好等印象。fit〓既可指健壮又可指健全无病。healthy, healthful, wholesome 这些形容词均含有“有益于健康的”之意。healthy与healthful都可表示“有益于健康的”，但healthy只在非正式文体中可与healthful换用，healthful比healthy更常用。

wholesome常可与healthful互换并且更常用，更强调有益于、增进、促使、维持身体或精神的健康。

hear, listen, overhear 这些动词均含“听”之意。

hear〓及物动词，指声音进入耳内，但不含有注意的意味，即，只要听觉正常，声音进入耳内，就能听见。但在祈使句中，hear可指有意识的行为。listen〓及物动词，指有意识地倾听，强调行为的过程。overhear〓指偶然听到，无意中听到，也指偷听。heaven, sky, paradise 这些名词均有“天”或“天堂”之意。

heaven〓作“天空”解时，常用复数，文学用词；作“天堂”解时，多用大写形式，采用单数。

sky〓普通用词，指人们头顶上的天空，一般属于笼罩地球的空气层。较少用于指天国或天堂。

paradise与heaven同义，宗教色彩浓厚，指好人死后灵魂长存之处，口语中表示乐园或乐事，在宗教典故中，指天主教与基督教中的伊甸乐园。heavy, weighty 这两个形容词都可表示“重的，沉重的”之意。

heavy〓普通用词，指重量或体积大大超过同类物体，常用作引申，多指精神上的重压等。weighty〓多指实际上而不是相对的沉重，引申指严重或重要。help, aid, assistance, support 这些名词均有“帮助，支持”之意。

help〓最普通用词，可以与aid和assistance换用。help强调使受助者达到目的或侧重受助者对帮助的需要。

aid比help正式，侧重受助者处于困难或危险境地急需救助。assistance〓正式用词，通常指帮助完成不太重要的那一部分工作。support〓强调在迫切需要时给予支持或鼓励。hesitate, waver 这两个动词均含“犹豫，踌躇”之意。

hesitate〓普通用词，一般指在决定干什么，选择什么或说什么等行动之前犹豫不决。

waver〓指因优柔寡断而迟迟不见行动，或虽作出决定，伸行动上却犹豫不决，因此含畏缩不前之意。high, tall, lofty 这些形容词均有“高的”之意。

high〓普通用词，指本身高出地面之上，与low相对，不用于人。也可指程度、地位、声音等的高，还可作引申用。

tall〓仅指人或物的高度，指物的“高”时，可与high换用。

lofty〓书面用词，指外观宏伟壮丽的高耸物；用于指思想或目的时，表示崇高。贬义指态高傲。

hill, mount, mountain, range, peak, volcano 这些名词均含有“山”之意。

hill〓通常指小的土山、石山或浅丘。有时也指高山，复数表群山。mount〓常用于地名之前，即一般放在专用名词前，书面用词。

mountain〓通常指比hill高而陡的高山、山岳。但这种区别不是绝对的，“大”与“小”常常是相对而言。

range〓形成的山脉或岭。peak〓指山峰，也可指山顶。

volcano〓特指主要由喷出的熔岩和火山灰堆积而成的圆锥形火山。hint, imply, suggest 这些动词均有“暗示”之意。

hint〓指通过时间接而有提示性的话语或表情来暗示某事。

imply〓侧重指话语、行为或情景中的一种暗示，听者或读者必须加以逻辑推断才能领会。suggest〓指有意或无意的，直接或间接暗示，强调事物的表征等使人引起联想。hint, implication, suggestion 这些名词均有“暗示，暗指”之意。

hint〓最常用用词，多指无意中的，间接的暗示。

implication〓指对某事不公开发表自己的意见，仅用语言动作或表情表明态度，要对方进行推断。

suggestion〓既可指比较明显的暗示，又可指客观上流露出的迹象。hire, lease, rent, let, charter 这些动词均含“租，租用”之意。hire〓多指短期租用。在英国一般指租用车、船。

lease〓指按照租约租出或租用房屋、土地或其它不动产。

rent〓在英国指较长时间租出或租入房屋、商店或土地；而在美国指长时间或短时期租用各种资产以及日用东西。let〓尤指出租房屋或地产等。

charter〓指承租大型运输工具，如飞机、轮船、大客车以及火车等。hire, employ, engage 这些动词均含“雇用”之意。

hire〓普通用词，常指短期或长期雇用某人从事某一特定工作或一次性的工作，含强调为薪金而工作的意味。

employ〓正式用词，侧重受雇者虽为薪金而工作，但工作固定共享有相当尊严。engage可与hire换用，特指雇用专业人员。historic, historical 这两个形容词均含“历史的”之意。

historic〓指历史上有名的，具有历史意义的或者可成为史料的。

historical〓指历史上的或历史的，侧重在历史上出现过或与历史有关的。hoarse, harsh, rough 这些形容词均有“嘶哑的，沙哑的”之意。

hoarse〓指嘶哑刺耳的声音，通常因高声喊叫后嗓子失音所致。harsh〓一般多指刺耳难听的声音。rough〓指粗哑难听的声音。hoblly, pastime, recreation 这些名词均有“嗜好，消遣，娱乐”之意。

hoblly〓指在某一具有知识性和趣味性的领域内从事的业余爱好活动。

pastime〓多指消遣，系空余时间的娱乐活动，常常不具什么内在价值或意义。recreation〓通常指令人愉快的消遣或有节制的活动，侧重于游玩、游戏和消遣。hole, cave, cavity, hollow, pit 这些名词均有“洞、穴”之意。

hole〓最普通用词，泛指实体上的洞、孔或坑，不涉及其大小、深浅或穿透与否。cave〓指出洞、窑洞或溶洞，可以是天然的或人造的。cavity比hole正式，指实体内中或表面的空洞或空腔。

hollow〓通常指表面上的坑或凹处，也指物体内部的空洞。

pit〓指天然的大洞，尤指地上的洞，也指为采掘矿物而挖的深洞。holiday, festival, vacation, leave 这些名词均有“假日，节日”之意。

holiday〓指按规定不工作的各种假日，时间可长可短。在英国复数形式表示较长的假期。festival〓指公众庆祝、欢度的节日。

vacantion〓通常指时间较长的假期，如学校的寒暑假等。

leave〓主要指政府机关工作人员或军队人员获准的休假、假期。hope, anticipate, await 这些动词均有“希望，期待”之意。

hope〓指希望得到积极、有利的结果，所期待的可能实现，也可能不会实现。anticipate〓指对未来的期望，一般是对好事的期待。

await〓书面用词，指对将要或预料要发生的事怍于期待状态。hot, warm, burning 这些形容词都有“热的”之意。

hot〓最普通用词，指温度很高，往往有灼热、滚烫含义。

warm〓通常指温度不太高，介于hot与cold之间，不太热也不太凉，给人以舒适感。burning〓暗示热源是火，多用于夸张，指像火烧一样热。hotel, inn, motel 这些名词都有“旅馆，客店”之意。

hotel〓指开设于城镇，有一定设备，可提供食宿的旅馆。

inn〓多指开设于乡间、路边，设备简陋的小旅店。motel系motor hotel的混合缩写词，指美国开设于公路旁，专供驾驶汽车的旅客往宿和有停车场的旅店。

house, building, dwelling, shelter, habitation, home, residence

这些名词均含有“居住处”之意。

house〓中性词，泛指一切供居住的建筑物，尤指适合一家一户居住的房屋。building〓泛指一切建筑物，不限于居住的房子。dwelling〓正式用词，仅指人们居住的任何建筑物。

shelter〓可指长期或临时的住处，也指简陋或临时搭建的躲避风雨的场所。habitation〓指长久或固定的住所或居住地。

home〓指永久住家时，带有家庭所特有的温暖、情感等气息。

residence〓指大而堂皇的寓所或公馆，也指法律上的居住点。

huge, enormous, immense, giant, gigantic, colossal, vast, massive, tremendous 这些形容词均有“巨大的，庞大的”之意。

huge〓含义广，强调体积或容积的庞大。也可用于引申意义。enormous〓指体积、数量或程度远远超过一般标准。

immense〓正式用词，侧重空间的广阔，也指面积或分量的巨大。giant〓非正式用词，多为褒义。指如巨人般的庞大体积。gigantic〓指面积或体积的巨大，但多用于引申意义。colossal〓侧重尺寸、规模和体积的无比巨大。

vast〓多指空间、面积、范围的巨大，不涉及重量。massive〓指大的体积、数量和重量，侧重庞大而笨重。tremendous〓指某物很大，大得惊人；也可用作引申意义。humble, humiliate, degrade, disgrace 这些动词均含有“使丢脸、使受耻辱”之意。

humble常可和degrade换用，强调降级所带来的耻辱；也多指自卑和感到渺小无能的心理状态。

humiliate〓指损伤或剥夺自尊感，损坏自尊心，强调蒙受耻辱。

degrade〓指因过失而受到降级、阶格；也多指因自身的境遇而感到耻辱。disgrace〓指降低某人在他人心目中的地位，使其丢脸。humid, damp, moist, wet 这些形容词均有“潮湿的”之意。

humid〓正式用词，特指空气与天气的潮湿，相对湿度大。damp〓指吸进或覆盖着一点水份，常表示潮湿得使人不舒服。moist〓指微湿，侧重不干，但并非湿得使人不快。wet〓普通用词，指各种潮湿的状态。humorous, funny, comic, witty 这些形容词均有“使人高兴的，令人发笑的”之意。humorous〓指富有幽默感、诙谐、引人发笑的。

funny〓非正式用词，通常侧重因古怪、奇特或不合适宜的举动等引起的发笑。comic〓指像喜剧一样滑稽可笑。witty〓强调机智而饶有风趣。hunger, famine, starvation 这些名词均有“饥饿”之意。

hunger〓普通用词，指人体对于食物迫切需要的正常生理现象。

famine〓指因天灾人祸而引起大规模饥荒；用作引申，指严重缺乏某种物资或人力。starvation语气比hunger强得多。指因长期缺乏食物所造成的痛苦，甚至死亡，侧重人为的灾难所致。

hunt, explore, track, seek 这些动词均含“搜索、寻找”之意。

hunt〓一般指寻找所需的物件，或对罪犯的搜寻，特指追猎。explore〓一般指对未知事物或新生事物的探索、观察与研究。track〓侧重按一定线索追查出结果。

seek〓语义庄重，语气强，使用广。多暗示做出很大努力去寻求某人或物。hurt, injure, wound, harm, damage, disable 这些动词均有“损害，伤害”之意。

hurt〓普通用词，较口语化，侧重指给有生命的东西造成机体上或精神、感情上的或轻或重的伤害。

injure较hurt正式，多用于有生命的事物。既可指伤害别人的事物。即可指伤害别人的健康、外貌、自尊心、名誉等，又可指使别人受伤或东西受损，同时含有受伤害部分至少暂时丧失功能的意味。

wound〓专指对身体的重伤，尤指在战斗中受的伤，强调外部创伤；也可指精神方面的伤害。harm〓主要用于有生命的东西，语气略强于injure，指引起严重的痛苦和损伤；有时也用于抽象事物，指造成任何不良后果。

damage〓通常指对无生命物体的损害，并有降低其价值，破坏其功能等的后果。disable〓强调使伤残。

hypothesis, assumption, presumption, supposition 这些名词均有“假设，假想”之意。

hypothesis〓书面用词，指有待作进一步检验或证实的假设。assumption〓侧重主观推测或主观设想。presumption〓着重指以可能性为依据的假设。

supposition可与assumption换用，还可表某种试探性的主观看法或建议

第四篇：英语演讲稿结束语

英语演讲稿结束语

为了提高英语教师的口语交际能力，更好地开展英语教学工作，于11月3日下午，在李台镇中心小学综合楼多媒体教室，举行了 “英语教师口语大赛”。比赛内容由自己选材，题材不限。来自我们学校的六名英语教师同台竞技，都展示出不俗的口语表达能力。老师们的表演十分精彩：有引人入胜的英语故事，有鼓舞人心的奥运演讲、旋律优美的英语歌曲等。经过紧张的角逐，最终xxx老师以标准、流畅的口语获得了 应对问题

-i will be pleased to answer any questions you may have at the end of the presentation.-please can you save your questions till the end.-if you have any questions, i will be pleased to answer them at the end of the presentation.-there will be time at the end of the presentation to answer your questions-so please feel free to ask me anything then.-don't hesitate to interrupt if you have a question.-please feel free to interrupt me at any time.-please stop me if you have any questions.-if you need clarification on any point, you're wele to ask questions at any time.-can i e back to that point later?-i will be ing to that point in a minute.-that's a tricky question.-we will go into details later.but just to give you an idea of...-i am afraid there's no easy answer to that one...-yes, that's a very good point.-perhaps we could leave that point until the questions at the end of the presentation-i think i said that i would answer questions at the end of the presentation---perhaps you wouldn't mind waiting until then.-i think we have time for just one more question 欢迎听众(正式)i am pleased to be able to wele you to our pany...may i take this opportunity of thanking you for ing 欢迎听众(非正式)i'm glad to see so many people here.hello again everybody.thank you for being on time/making the effort to e today.i am grateful for the opportunity to present...good morning/afternoon/evening ladies and gentlemani've been asked to...告知演讲的话题

i shall be speaking today about...today's topic is...today we are here to talk about...before we start, i'd like you meet my team members...before we start our presentation, let's take a brief look at the agenda...the main area that i intend to cover in this presentation is...thank you for giving me the opportunity to tell you about...告诉听众发言的长度

-during the next ten minutes, i shall...my presentation will last for about ten minutes...i don't intend to speak for longer than ten minutes...i have a lot to cram in to the next ten minutes, so i'd better make a start...引起听众的兴趣

my presentation will help solve a problem that has puzzled people for years...i am going to be talking about a product that could double your profit margins...over the next ten minutes you are going to hear about something that will change the way your panies operate...i am going to examine these topics in the following order(...first,...next,...after that,...finally)i will deal with these topics in chronological order...i want to start with this particular topic, and then draw some more general conclusions from it(...specifically,...in a wider context).we have to take into account in any discussion of this subject, the following considerations.-we all ought to be aware of the following points.结束语

-in conclusion, i'd like to...-i'd like to finish by...-finally...-by way of conclusion...-i hope i have made myself understood-i hope you have found this useful-i hope this has given you some idea/clear idea/an outline of...-let me end by saying...-that, then was all i had to say on...-that concludes our presentation...-i hope i've managed to give you a clearer picture of...-if there are any questions, i'd be delighted to...-thank you for your attention...-let's break for a coffee at this point-i am afraid that the clock is against us, so we had better stop here-you have been a very attentive audience---thank you

希望对你有所帮助。

五、以“副”字的表示副职的行政职务头衔，可用vice、deputy表达。

? 副总统 vice president ? 副主席 vice chairman ? 副部长 vice minister ? 副长 deputy secretary-general ? 副书记 deputy secretary ? 副市长 deputy mayor ? 外事接待 ? 助理研究员 assistant research fellow ? 助理工程师 assistant engineer 八、一般说来，“代理”可译作acting,例如： ? 代理市长 acting mayor ? 代理总理 acting premier ? 代理主任 acting director

九、常务”可以用“managing“表示。? 常务理事 managing director ? 常务副校长 managing vice president

十、执行”可译作executive ? 执行秘书 executive secretary ? 执行主席 executive chairman ? 名誉校长honorary president ? 主任秘书chief secretary ? 主治医师attending/chief doctor ? 特级教师special-grade senior teacher ? 特派记者accreditedcorrespondent ? 特约编辑contributing editor

十一、还有很多称谓的英语表达方式难以归类，这就需要我们日积月累，逐步总结。例如：

? 办公室主任 office manager ? 车间主任 workshop manager ? 客座教授 visiting professor

? 村长 village head ? 税务员 tax collector ? 股票交易员 stock dealer

十二、最后是我们国家特有的一些荣誉称号的口译。? 劳动模范 m(本站隆重推荐好范 文网)odel worker ? 优秀员工 ortstanding employee ? 标兵 pacemaker ? 三好学生 ”triple-a“ outstanding student;outstanding student 5.thank you for ing all the way to our pany.6.i hop you'll enjoy your stay here.7.host a receptipn banquet in your honor ? ceremonial speech礼仪祝词

? 开幕/闭幕式 opening/closing ceremony 开幕词 opening speech/address 致开幕词 make an opening speech 友好访问 goodwill visit ? 阁下 your/his/her honor/excellency 贵宾 distinguished guest 尊敬的市长先生 respected mr.mayor 远道而来/来自大洋彼岸的朋友 friends ing from a distant land/the other side of the pacific 东道国 host country 宣布……开幕 declare……open 值此之际 on the occasion of 借此机会 take this opportunity to 以……名义 in the name of 本着……精神 in the spirit of 代表 on the behalf of 由衷的谢意 heartfelt thanks 友好款待 gracious hospitality 正式邀请 officioa invitation

回顾过去 look back on 展望未来 look ahead/look into the future 最后 in closing 圆满成功 a plete success 提议祝酒 propose a toast ? 1.我愿借此机会，代表我们代表团的全体成员，对我们东道主的诚挚邀请，表示真

诚的谢意。

on the behalf of all the members of my mission, i would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere thanks to our host for their earnest invitation.2.现在，我愉快地宣布 ? 2.allow me to express my warm wele and gracious greetings to our distinguished guests ing from afar.? 3.it is my great pleasure to extend a warm wele to our distinguished guests from australia led by mr.davis.? 4.it gives us a feeling of special joy to have the opportunity of entertaining our distinguished guests from the united states.? 5.we are very proud and honored to receive such a distinguished group of young people at our university.? 6.it gives me so great a pleasure on behalf of the board to extend a warm wele to all the members of the canadian delegation.? 7.it is a great pleasure for me to preside at this dinner in honor of chairman clark.? 8.this is a very happy and memorable occasion for me personally and the members of the board to host you here in shanghai.? 9.it is in the spirit of friendly cooperation, mutual promotion and mon prosperity that i extend to you the warmest wele and convey to you the most gracious

greetings from all the employees of the corporation.? 10.i want to extend my personal earnest wele to all of you and sincerely hope that your visit here will be rewarding.? 11.finallyi wish this annual meeting a plete success and wish all of you a pleasant stay in beijing ? 12.it is such a great honor and privilege to receive a visit to our pany from a distinguished group like you.? 13.i’m very excited to see our friends from the other side of the pacific.? 14.it provides me with /gives me an excellent opportunity to meet old friends and make new ones.? 15.i would like to thank sir brian, vice-chancellor, for the invitation, which brings me to the famous oxford university.? 16.it gives me great pleasure to express once again to our host my deep appreciation for the grand reception and generous hospitality we enjoy here.? 17.i’m very happy to have this second chance of joyful gathering with you.? 18.thank you very much for giving me such an excellent opportunity to visit this beautiful city and work with you.? 19.please accept our sincere thanks for your kind invitation.? 20.i should like to express my heartfelt gratitude for your gracious reception and hospitality.? 21.i’d like to say how grateful we are for all you have done for us.? 22.i should like to take advantage of this opportunity to express my earnest gratitude for your help.? 告别

? 23.we all feel reluctant to part from each other at this moment of parting.? 24.the gracious hospitality of our host will remain in my memory forever.? 25.these fine impressions will remain forever in our most cherished memories.? 26.i’m looking forward with great expectation to visiting your country in the near future.? 27.may i ask you to join me in a toast to the friendship and co-operation between our two parties.

英语演讲稿自我介绍

good morning, teachers and friends.my name is li wenkai.i am a cool boy.i like reading books and surfing the internet, i think they can make my life more happy.today an interesting story for you.the story is : the wolf and the lamb.one day a lamb was grazing with a flock of sheep.she soon found some sweet grass at the edge of the field.farther and farther she went, away from the others.she was enjoying herself so much that she did not notice a wolf ing nearer to her.however, when it pounced on her, she was quick to start pleading, ”please, please don't eat me yet.my stomach is full of grass.if you wait a while, i will taste much better.“ the wolf thought that was a good idea, so he sat down and waited.after a while, the lamb said, ”if you allow me to dance, the grass in my stomach will be digested faster.“ again the wolf agreed.while the lamb was dancing, she had a new idea.she said, ”please take the bell from around my neck.if you ring it as hard as you can, i will be able to dance even faster.“ the wolf took the bell and rang it as hard as he could.the shepherd heard the bell ringing and quickly sent his dogs to find the missing lamb.the barking dogs frightened the wolf away and saved the lamb's life.haha, how foolish the wolf is!the lamb is really very clever.it is an interesting story, isn’t it? it tells us: the gentle and weak can

sometimes be cleverer than fierce and strong.that’s all.thank you for your listening.初中生英语自我介绍hi, my name is xxx.i'm xx years old, a middle school student apparently.i love music very much although i'm not very good at singing.i've been playing guzheng, an ancient traditional instrument for a long time and now i'm in level 10, which means a really high level among the amateurs.apart from that, i also like to reading and writing.they both give me a lot of fun and build my unique personality as well as my goal and dream.i like wangfei very much.she could be my favorite singer....personally, i've been considering i have a really plicated personality because sometimes don't really like to study, sometimes.....however, i'm very positive and look forwards to my future because i'm the one who will realize my goal.自我介绍英语范文-初中生英语自我介绍i have spent fifteen years in my life.so, this is my ninth year to study.by the way, my name is wengjingru.my father thought hard about my name.he consulted the dictionary two times to find how to name me.of course, this name is very good and i like it very much.sometimes i think i am a little strange.because i often think the world isn’t full of happiness.and i want to be different from others.i hate superficial people.but always i am very out-going and kind to others.i精彩简历，让求职更简单中文简历模板英文简历模板分专业简历模版求职信简历自我评价can’t say ‘no’ to others.so i don’

t know how to refuse.i can’t see i am a pretty girl, but i am not an

ugly person, either.i am very general.i can’t say too much about my appearance.in this term, i make a little progress in my study.in my life, i have my parents’ love, and many, many people’s love.i am happy.i achieved so much, and i also lost so much.my star sign is aquarius.it represents kindness and wisdom.but i don’t think i am such a clever person.maybe i am modest.aquarius has many friends.it also says that some people think i am strange because i hate to be li(转载请注明来源：)ke others.i try to do everything differently.i like yellow the most.yellow is the color of the sun, it can remind me of a warm, sunny day.yellow is also the color of wisdom.and i like it because it is one of the colors that are vivid.of course, most students have problems in their study.i don’t know how to make progress.i think i should work harder.that is the only way.i like reading very much.my favorite writer is guojingming.and now iam reading a book called ‘gone with wind’.i keep reading half an hour every day.i like english and chinese best.i want to establish an english club.i want everyone to speak english in the daily life.all above are my real things.i hope everyone will like me.hello ,everybody.my name's ***,i'm from ***.it's really a fantacy place,people there are very friendly and helpful.there're also some places of interests in my hometown,i love it and hope that you can visite it someday.i was graduated from ** school/university,it's also a nice school.there're 3 people in my family,you know,my parents and i.we love each other and live a happy life.i usually play ballgames in my spare

time,and i think i'm good at basketball.my dream is to play a basketball game with my idol--kobe one day.:)so,you see,i'm really an easygoing guy(如果是女的就说gal).that's all,thank you.中学生英语自我介绍

hello, everyone!my name isand my english name is.i’m 15 years old.i’m a student in a very beautiful school called liangbing middle school and i am in class 1 grade 7.my hometown liangbing is also a beautiful town.i’m very happy and i like to make friends with others.ialso like singing but traveling is my favorite, i have been tomany interesting places in china but i haven’t been to othercountries.what a pity!

at school, i study chinese,math, english, history, politicsand so on.i like all of them.i often help my teacher takecare of my class and i think i am a good helper.i live with my parents and we go home on time every day.when i am at home, i often help my mother do some housework and my mother said i am a good helper, too.my mother is a barber.she cuts hair very well.she is kind.many people like her.she often teaches me the way of learning well, if you want to learn english well, here is some of my advice.at first , you must read many articles and know many s, if you meet up with some new s, you can look them up in the dictionary, you should know their meanings, how to read them and spell them.if you keep working hard, you will be successful.then, you ought to speak english as much as possible.remember an old saying, nothing is impossible in the world if you put your heart into it.that’s all, thank you.hello, everybody!i am very glad to stand here to give you my introduction.i am from liangbingmiddleschool.i am studying in class 1,grade 7.ilovemyhometown liangbing because it’s a very beautiful town.i have many hobbies, such as reading books, listening tomusic, surfing the internet and traveling.but listening to music is my favorite.i like pop music best.my idol are jay.i am a lively girl.i like making friends and chatting with them.i can play the chinese kungfu.i passed all ten levels when i was in grade 5.however, because of the busy study, i don’t have any free time to practise it.what a pity!i am good at math and english and i like english better.inmy opinion, it’s very easy and fun to learn and use englishand this contest is a great chance for me to learn english from others.my saying is god help those who help themselves and i will never give up during my course of learning.now, after listening to my introduction, do you know me well? that’s all.thank you!she was enjoying herself so much that she did not notice a wolf ing nearer to her.however, when it pounced on her, she was quick to start pleading, ”please, please don't eat me yet.my stomach is full of grass.if you wait a while, i will taste much better.“ the wolf thought that was a good idea, so he sat down and waited.after a while, the lamb said, ”if you allow me to dance, the grass in my stomach will be digested faster.“ again the wolf agreed.while the lamb was dancing, she had a new idea.she said, ”please take the bell from around my neck.if you ring it as hard as you can, i will be able to dance even faster." the wolf took the bell and rang it as hard as he could.the shepherd heard the bell ringing and quickly sent his dogs to find the missing lamb.the barking dogs frightened the wolf away and saved the lamb's life.haha, how foolish the wolf is!the lamb is really very clever.it is an interesting story, isn’t it? it tells us: the gentle and weak can sometimes be cleverer than fierce and strong.that’s all.thank you for your listening.in 1995, i entered the nanjing university of science & technology(nust)--widely considered one of the china’s best engineering schools.during the following undergraduate study, my academic records kept distinguished among the whole department.i was granted first class prize every semester,in 1999, i got the privilege to enter the graduate program waived of the admission test.at the period of my graduate study, my overall gpa(3.77/4.0)ranked top 5% in the department.in the second semester, i became teacher assistant that is given to talented and matured students only.this year, i won the acer scholarship as the one and only candidate in my department, which is the ultimate accolade for distinguished students endowed by my university.presently, i am preparing my graduation thesis and trying for the honor of excellent graduation thesis.research experience and academic activity when a sophomore, i joined the association of ai enthusiast and began to narrow down my interest for my future research.with the tool of opengl and matlab, i designed a simulation program for transportation scheduling system.it is now widely used by different research groups in nust.i assumed and fulfilled a sewage analysis & dispose project for nanjing sewage treatment plant.this was my first practice to convert a laboratory idea to a mercial product.in retrospect, i find myself standing on a solid basis in both theory and experience, which has prepared me for the ph.d.program.my future

research interests include: network scheduling problem, heuristic algorithm research(especially in ga and neural network), supply chain network research, hybrid system performance analysis with petri nets and data mining.excellent graduation thesis.research experience and academic activity when a sophomore, i joined the association of ai enthusiast and began to narrow down my interest for my future research.with the tool of opengl and matlab, i designed a simulation program for transportation scheduling system.it is now widely used by different research groups in nust.i assumed and fulfilled a sewage analysis & dispose project for nanjing sewage treatment plant.this was my first practice to convert a laboratory idea to a mercial product.in retrospect, i find myself standing on a solid basis in both theory and experience, which has prepared me for the ph.d.program.my future research interests include: network scheduling problem, heuristic algorithm research(especially in ga and neural network), supply chain network research, hybrid system performance analysis with petri nets and data mining.么呀？”这一类算是“无准备型”。自我介绍是你与人打交道，参加各类口语考试，职场面试不可或缺的一部分，同时也是非常重要的一部分。作为口语测试，测试的老师其实重点考查的是你运用语言的能力，而不是对你的背景的了解。所以想把口语学好的同学不妨大胆的秀一下。

2、缺乏逻辑性。还有一些同学在作自我介绍时，要么只说两句话名字，年龄；要么夸夸其谈但缺乏逻辑性。别看简简单单的一个自我介绍有时也能反映出一个人的逻辑思维和做事态度。

3、缺乏幽默感。幽默的开场除了可以营造出活泼和睦的气氛外，还能给对方留下深刻的第一印象，即使对象是以建立了朋友关系或同事关系的外国人，在酒会或聚餐等各式场合，同样可以用诙谐的方式来表现自我，使你和他们之间的关系达到更圆满的程度。

初学英语的各位人士，可以学着用一下；对于自认为用英语作自我介绍已经易如反掌的英语高手，不妨在平时也试试使自我介绍增添一些新意:)实用演讲稿大全

第五篇：英语演讲比赛结束语

英语演讲比赛主持稿

（after mr zuo making remarks）

三、i think it’s better for me to introduce our judges.四、ok, time for show

五、wonderful!these ten contestants give us a wonderful show.and after all the contestants finished their speeches, our judges will have a short discussion about their marks.now, we are taking a break.1、first, i would like to announce the third winner: xxx

2、and then, the second winner: xxx

3、ladies and gentlemen ,can you feel the most exciting moment? how exciting the moment is!right now, what i am going to announce is the first winner: xxx xxx

2、and then second winner please.xxx

3、ladies and gentlemen, lets bring the first winners onto the stage with a warm of applause.九、well，how exciting today the contest is!尊敬的各位领导，各位老师，亲爱的同学们：大家下午好！

今天我们八年级的同学欢聚在这里进行英语演讲比赛。首先请允许我介绍一下出席今天比赛的领导和评委老师：请大家用掌声对他们的到来表示热烈的欢迎！

现在我给大家介绍一下比赛规则。每位选手有1—3分钟的演讲时间，首先简单介绍一下自己，然后进行演讲。

比赛即将开始，下面让我们一起来欣赏选手们的精彩演讲。首先请1号选手同学上台演讲，请2号选手 同学做好准备。

谢谢，下面有请第二位选手 上场，第三位选手做准备。

谢谢，下面我宣布1号选手的比赛成绩：去掉一个最高分，去掉一个最低分，1号选手的最后得分为。下面请3号选手上台演讲。4号选手做准备。

好，成绩已经出来了，让我来宣布一下最后的成绩：

（女）：获得三等奖的同学是，（男）：获得二等奖的同学是，（女）：获得一等奖的同学是

（男）：请学校领导为获得三等奖的同学颁奖

（女）：请学校领导为获得二等奖的同学颁奖

（男）：请学校领导为获得一等奖的同学颁奖

请左校长为这次演讲比赛做总结发言，大家欢迎。

结束语：

（女）：老师们，同学们，演讲比赛就要结束了，我们相信，通过这次演讲比赛，我们会交流经验，互相学习！

（男）：让我们乘着这次比赛的东风，为创建一个文明、和谐的校园，做出自己应有的努力！（女）：让我们再次以热烈的掌声，对学校领导及各位老师的支持，表示衷心的感谢！（男）：本次比赛到此结束，再次谢谢大家！

（合）：再见！篇二：英语演讲的开场白与结束语

演讲稿开场白

-to tell a story(about yourself);讲个（自己的）故事；

-to acknowledge the occasion of the gathering;对大家能够聚在一起表示感谢； to use unusual statistics;使用一些不平常的数据； to show a video or a slide.播放录像带或看幻灯片。欢迎听众(正式)欢迎听众(非正式)im glad to see so many people here.i am delighted/pleased/glad to have the opportunity to present/of making this presentation...id like to thank you for inviting/asking me/giving me the chance to...its my pleasant duty today to...the subject of my presentation is...my presentation concerns...today we are here to give a presentation on...a brief look at todays agenda...(告诉听众所讲内容的先后顺序)i shall be offering a brief analysis of...take a moment and think of...during the next ten minutes, i shall...my presentation will last for about ten minutes...i dont intend to speak for longer than ten minutes...i have a lot to cram in to the next ten minutes, so id better make a start...引起听众的兴趣 the next ten minutes will change your attitude to sales and marketing...there are five main aspects to this topic(...the first,...the second,...a third,...another,...the final)ive divided my talk into five parts...im going to start with a general overview and then focus on this particular problem(...in general,...more particularly).there are(a number of)factors that may affect...we all ought to be aware of the following points.结束语：

-in conclusion, id like to...-id like to finish by...-finally...-by way of conclusion...-i hope i have made myself understood-i hope you have found this useful-i hope this has given you some idea/clear idea/an outline of...-let me end by saying...-that, then was all i had to say on...-that concludes our presentation...-i hope ive managed to give you a clearer picture of...-if there are any questions, id be delighted to...-thank you for your attention...-lets break for a coffee at this point-i am afraid that the clock is against us, so we had better stop here-you have been a very attentive audience---thank you 演讲稿是人们在工作和社会生活中经常使用的一种文体。它可以用来交流思想、感情，表达自己的主张、看法；也可以用来介绍自己的学习、工作情况和经验„„等等；演讲稿具有宣传、鼓动、教育和欣赏等作用，它可以把演讲者的观点、主张与思想感情传达给听众以及读者，使他们信服并在思想感情上产生共鸣。

一、演讲稿的特点

演讲稿具有以下三个特点：

第一，针对性。演讲是一种社会活动，是用于公众场合的宣传形式。它为了能够用思想、感情、事例和理论来打动听众，“征服”群众，必须要有现实的针对性。所谓针对性，首先是作者提出的问题是听众所关心的问题，它的评论和论辩要有雄辩的逻辑力量，要能为听众所接受并心悦诚服，这样，才能起到应有的社会效果。

第二，可讲性。演讲的本质在于“讲”，而不在于“演”，它以“讲”为主、以“演”为辅。由于演讲要靠口头讲出来的，所以写演讲稿的时候必须以容易说能够讲为前提。一篇好的演讲稿对演讲者来说要可以；对听讲者来说应该要好听。因此，演讲稿写成之后，作者最好能通过试讲或默念加以检查，凡是觉得讲不顺口或听不清楚之处，都应该作修改与调整。

第三，鼓动性。演讲是一门艺术。好的演讲会有一种激发听众情绪、赢得好感的鼓动性。要做到这一点，首先要依靠演讲稿思想内容的丰富、深刻，见解精辟、独到，语言表达要形象、生动，富有感染力。

二、演讲稿的结构有自己的特殊之处。

演讲稿的结构分开头、主体、结尾三个部分，其结构原则与一般文章的结构原则大致一样。但是，由于演讲是具有时间性和空间性的活动，因而演讲稿的结构还具有其自身的特点，尤其是它的开头和结尾有特殊的要求。

（一）开头要抓住听众，引人入胜

演讲稿的开头，也叫开场白。它在演讲稿的结构中处于显要的地位，具有重要的作用。好的演讲稿，一开头就应该用最简洁的语言、最经济的时间，把听众的注意力和兴奋点吸引过来，这样，才能达到出奇制胜的效果。演讲稿的开头有多种方法，通常用的主要有： l.开门见山 开门见山，就是直接提示演讲的中心，不讲多余的话，这样的开头，使听众一听就知道演讲的中心是什么，注意力马上就集中在演讲上。

2.介绍情况，说明根由。这种开头可以迅速缩短与听众的距离，使听众急于了解下文。3.从日常生活或切身体会入题 可以借助某事件、某一比喻、个人的经历或一段笑话，唤起听众的注意，同时使它成为与题目有关的媒介，或与演讲的主要内容衔接起来的因素。4.用提问激发听众的思考 这种方法是根据听众的特点和演讲的内容，提出一些激发听众思考的问题，以引起听众的注意。

除了以上三种方法，还有唱歌式、悬念式、警策式、幽默式、双关式、抒情式等。作为演讲比赛，巧妙地承接上一位或前面几位选手的演讲话题，或是他们演讲中的观点、动作等进行引发，效果将非同凡响。这种临场性的发挥会给听众留下良好的印象。

好的开头是成功的一半，头开好了，接下来就是文章的主体部分了。

（二）、主体要环环相扣，层层深入

这是演讲稿的主要部分。在行文的过程中，要处理好层次、节奏和衔接等几个问题。

1、层次 我们都知道看文章，一遍不清楚，可以回头再看，而演讲却不同，听众只能听一遍，因此要求层次、条理十分清楚，能让听众一听就明白。

那末，怎样才能使演讲稿结构的层次清晰明了呢？根据听众以听觉把握层次的特点基本方法就是在演讲中树立明显的有声语言标志，从而获得层次清晰的效果。此外，还可以运用过渡句，或者是“首先”“其次”“然后”等语词来区别层次，2、节奏 节奏，是指演讲内容在结构安排上表现出的张弛起伏。

演讲稿结构的节奏，主要是通过演讲内容的变换来实现的。演讲内容的变换，是在一个主题思想所统领的内容中，适当地插入幽默、诗文、轶事等内容，以便听众的注意力既保持高度集中而又不因为高度集中而产生兴奋性抑制。优秀的演说家几乎没有一个不长于使用这种方法。

演讲稿结构的节奏既要鲜明，又要适度。平铺直叙，呆板沉滞，固然会使听众紧张疲劳，而内容变换过于频繁，也会造成听众注意力涣散。所以，插入的内容应该为实现演讲意图服务，而节奏的频率也应该根据听众的心理特征来确定。

（三）结尾要简洁有力，余音绕梁。结尾是演讲内容的自然收束。言简意赅、余音绕梁的结尾能够使听众精神振奋，并促使听众不断地思考和回味；

1、把要点做一下总结。

2、展望未来，鼓舞斗志 在演讲结束时，提出任务，指明前途，提出希望，发出号召，鼓舞听众振奋精神，坚定信念，采取行动，会收到预期的效果。

3、用充满激情的话语作结 充满激情的话语能激起听众情绪的激动，激越的感情会使听众受到感染，并受到鼓舞。

4、用名言、诗句、歌曲作结。用名言、诗句作结可以使演讲的主题得到有力的证明，加强演讲的力度，使听众在联想和印证中得到深刻启示。篇三：英语演讲比赛主持人开场白定稿

英语演讲比赛主持人开场白﹑结束语

english speaking contest.we are very happy to gather here hold an english afternoon party.i am happy to stand here and have this opportunity to share something with you guys.b: 亲爱的孟老师，亲爱的同学们，大家中午好（合）！欢迎来到 14周英语演讲比赛的现场。比赛即将开始，为了保证比赛的顺利进行，请您将您的手机处于关闭状态，谢谢合作！

a: first of all，let me introduce our distinguished guests afternoon today.mrs meng b:首先，让我来给大家介绍一下今天来的嘉宾：孟老师

让我们再次以热烈的掌声欢迎孟老师的到来！s english speaking contest.b: 今天有10位优秀的同学参加这次英语演讲比赛。

b:现在我给大家介绍一下比赛规则。每位选手只有五分钟的演讲

时间。首先简单介绍一下自己，然后进行演讲。please get ready b:比赛即将开始，下面我们有请第一位选手上场。第二位选手做

好准备。

please next contestants get ready.a:now let’s announce 1 part contestants score.please wait for a minute.b: 下面我们宣布一下1-5位选手的得分成绩.请大家稍等片刻。

„„.一号选手的成绩是„„去掉一个最高分„ 去掉一个最低分„ 最终得分为„ 二号选手的成绩是„„

所有选手都演讲完毕，请评委为这次演讲比赛做总结。

a： teacher and girls!for this afternoon party all the students have made careful preparations.so i’m sure we’ll be able to enjoy many excellent performances afternoon.we are ready, we are winner.how exciting today contest is!but now i have to say : ”today the english speaking contest is end。that’s all，thank you.”

b: 各位来宾及选手，多么精彩的演讲比赛，每一位参赛选手都很优

秀。今天我们的比赛到此结束。比赛结果将在两分钟后公布，谢谢大家！长江大学女子学院九班14周英语演讲比赛规则

一、比赛规则

1、演讲顺序：比赛前抽签决定。

2、演讲时间：演讲时间不得超过5分钟，每超时10秒扣掉2分，不足10秒按10秒计算。

3、演讲比赛评分：采取100分制。

二、评分标准

1、演讲内容（40分）

主题鲜明、中心突出，结构严谨、层次清晰，内容正确、联系实际，选材典型、杜绝抄袭。

2、演讲有声语言(30分)语音标准，声音洪亮，语速适当，语调仰扬顿挫，富有变化。

3、演讲态势技能(20分)表情丰富，动作得体、手势自然，服装适宜。

4、整体效果（10分）

可脱稿演讲，节奏把握好，内涵与表情相结合，以情感人，以形传神，感染力强。可用ppt辅助演讲。

三、评分办法

1、比赛设7名评委，现场打分；

2、去掉一个最高分和一个最低分，取平均分；

3、选手最后得分精确到小数点后一位，若出现同分，则精确到后两位，依此类推；

4、根据总分的高低评出特等、一、二、三等奖及优秀奖。

参赛要求

一、参赛人员：女子学院九班学员

二、演讲主题：in life，it is attitude that matters most

三、参赛时间和地点 ：

四、评分标准（见附件）

五、奖项设置：比赛设特等奖1名、一等奖1名、二等奖2名，优秀奖3名，奖品派发。2013年女子学院九班14周英语演讲比赛规则

【演讲材料】30分

思想内容能紧紧围绕的主题，观点正确、鲜明，见解独到。内容充实具体，生动感人。材料真实、典型、新颖，事迹感人、实例生动，反映客观事实、具有普遍意义，体现时代精神。讲稿结构严谨，构思巧妙，引人入胜。文字简练流畅，具有较强的思想性。

【语言表达】 30分

演讲者语音规范，吐字清晰，声音洪亮圆润。演讲表达准确、流畅、自然。语言技巧处理得当，语速恰当，语气、语调、音量、节奏张弛符合思想感情的起伏变化，能熟练表达所演讲的内容。

【形体语言】 10分

演讲者精神饱满，能较好地运用姿态、动作、手势、表情，表达对演讲稿的理解。

【主体形象】 10分

演讲者着装朴素端庄大方，举止自然得体，有风度，富有艺术感染力。

【会场效果】 10分

演讲具有较强的吸引力、感染力和号召力，能较好地与听众感情融合在一起，营造良好的演讲效果。