第一篇：名师指导：四级翻译主要考点解析[精选]
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5个句子，一句一题，句长为15-30词，句中的一部分已用英文给出，考生需根据全句意思将汉语部分译成英语，考试时间5分钟。翻译题重点考察考生对语法结构及常用英语表达习惯的掌握情况。若考生语法功底较好且句型和词组储备丰富，那么此题不会太为难。和作文相比，翻译虽只是个把句子，但来路不明难以猜测。作文尚可背诵模板以备执笔急需之用，而翻译则全无，它微小零星却锋利难防，并将考生模板式作文的画皮扯下，暴露其撰句能力的真实面目，所以令人可畏。
根据近几年的翻译真题来看，针对某项语法重复考察率比较高，所以对曾经考察过的语法点依然不可松懈。下面所提一些重点语法项目，并提出一些建议，希望对大家的备考有所帮助。
(1)句型以及其倒装使用
2008年6月翻译真题第91题：
__________________________(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill.(Key：Not until he accomplished / finished the mission)
建议：以此类推，掌握如下常用句型(以倒装方式给出)
Not only „„..but also„„
So(Such)„that„„。.Not until„„„。
Neither„..nor„„。.Hardly „..when„„。.No sooner „„than„„。
Only by /through /in „., „„„„。.例：Not only __________(他向我收费过高)but he didn’t do a good repair.(key：did he charge me too much)
(2)从句
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a.定语从句
2008年12月翻译真题第87题：
Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems _________________(他们至今还没有答案)(Key :which/that they haven’t found answers to)
b.状语从句
真题中出现过如if 条件状语从句(2007 年6月第 91题)，no matter引导的让步状语从句(2007年12月第89题和2008年6月第89题)
建议：关于定语从句，到目前为止所考察的均为关系代词which/ that等所引导的，所以考生需额外留意关系副词where/ when/how 所引导的定语从句。对于状语从句，继续复习如时间状语从句，方式状语从句，因果状语从句等其他类状语从句。除却定语从句，状语从句外，名词性从句也需加强，如宾语从句(特别注意wish/ would rather 引导的宾语从句中虚拟样式)，表语从句，同位语从句甚至主语从句。
(3)非谓语动词
a.分词做伴随状语
2008年6月第90题：
______________(与我成长的地方相比)this town is more prosperous and exciting.(key : Compared with the place where I grew up)
注意，答案中除过去分词(compared with „)做伴随外，还含有where引导的定语从句。
b.动词不定式做目的状语
2006年6月第88题
_____________(为了挣钱供我上学)，Mother often takes on more work than is good for her.(Key : to support my university studies)
建议：由于非谓语动词除分词和动词不定式外，还包括动名词，但尚未考察过，所以考生有必要预备非谓语动词之“动名词”情况。
(4)其他类语法如：虚拟语气，比较级，情态动词。
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(5)常用词组：尤其是动介词组，如adapt to „., have trouble doing „„，be likely to do„., attribute „to。.等类似样式。
作文是表达自己，可以随心所愿，而翻译是表达别人，被动且受制。学习翻译，尝试放下过分的自我，顺服接受，反而会行得更容易些。
“成千上万人疯狂下载。。。
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第二篇：四级翻译考点分类总结
四级翻译考点归纳
一．虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下：
1.(should)+动词原形的情形(已考)
2.if或but for等引导的条件句(已考)
3.wish, if only, it is time„的用法(should)+动词原形的情形
1．在动词suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, determine, recommend, advise, advocate, persuade等表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”动词后的宾语从句中。
She insisted that the seats(should)be booked in advance.她坚持要预定座位。
He advised that the doctor(should)be sent for.他劝我们派人请医生。
注：如果上述动词作其他意思解释，或者说话者认为所讲的事是事实，要用陈述语气。
When asked why he declined our invitation, he suggested that he was not on good terms with the director.真题重现
【CET-4:2006.6】The professor required that __________________(我们交研究报告)。
参考答案：we hand in our research report(s)
2．在advice, demand, order, necessity, resolution, decision, proposal, requirement, suggestion, idea, recommendation, request, plan,等名词后的主语从句或表语从句中------上面动词对应的名词
He issued the order that the troops(should)withdraw at once.他命令部队马上撤退。
3．在形容词important, necessary, imperative, natural, urgent, essential, appropriate, desirable, vital, advisable, preferable, incredible以及短语no wonder, a pity等可以构成“It is +形容词（名词）+that”句型中。
It is necessary that some immediate effort(should)be made.必须立即采取行动。
真题重现
【CET-6:2007.6】It is absolutely unfair that these children ______(被剥夺了受教育的权利).参考答案：These children(should)be deprived of the right to receive education.从句的内容非常庞杂，该专题主要讲解在翻译题可能考察的名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句等。
二． 名词性从句
名词从句是指行使名词功能的从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及补语从句。
1.主语从句---从句作主语
主语从句主要由that, what, whether, how以及其它词引导，还有就是由代词it作形式主语。
That he survived the accident is a miracle.他在这场事故中幸免于难，真是奇迹。
特别提示：尽管that并没有实际含义，但是他起到引导主语从句的功能，在这里不可或缺。
What he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance.他喜欢做的事情被社会所忽视，认为毫无价值，无足轻重。
How he managed to finish the job is of interest to us all.他是如何设法完成这项工作的，我们对此都很感兴趣。
Whether the results will be valuable depends partly on our attitudes towards it.结果是否有价值在部分程度上取决于我们对此的态度。
特别提示：whether引导的主语从句位于句首时，whether不能由if代替。
2.宾语从句---从句作宾语。
The court decisions have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education.法院裁决责令公立学校必须采取必要步骤提供这种教育。
I can’t understand why he avoided speaking to me.我不理解他为什么不跟我说话。
真题重现
【CET-4：2007.12】Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life ______(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn.参考答案：is measured by how much they can loan
3.表语从句---从句作表语
The next question we have to decide is when we have to submit the annual report.我们必须决定的下一个问题是，什么时候我们必须呈交报告。
【CET-4：2007.12】In my sixties, one change I notice is that _____(我比以前更容易累了)。
参考答案：I am more likely to get tired than before
同位语从句在句中作同位语，对被修饰名词的内容予以解释说明。特点：抽象名词在前，表达具体内容的从句在后。常见的包括：
agreement, assumption(假设), belief, conclusion, decision, determination, discovery, dream, evidence, explanation, fact, guess, hope, idea, knowledge, likelihood, message, mind, news, notion(观念), opinion, possibility, prediction(预言), proposal, proposition(论点，主张), suggestion, rumor, theory, thought, truth
I have no doubt that he will overcome all his difficulties.他会克服一切困难，对此我并不感到怀疑。
二． 定语从句
定语从句是修饰限定名词或代词的从句。掌握定语从句的关键在于把握引导词，既用来引导定语从句的词。定语从句的内容比较庞杂，希望同学们在复习时多总结和归纳。
真题重现
【CET-4：2007.6】The prevent and treatment of AIDS is ________(我们可以合作的领域).参考答案：a field where(in which)we can cooperate.三． 状语从句
状语从句分为：时间状语从句、条件状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句和比较状语从句。
真题重现
【CET-4：2007.12】 I am going to pursue this course, _________(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲)。
参考答案：no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make
【CET-4：2006.12】Some psychologists claim that people_________(出门在外时可能会感到孤独)
参考答案：may feel lonely when they are away from home
【CET-6：2007.12】Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, _________.(而动物的行为主要依靠本能)
参考答案：While animal behavior depends mainly on their instinct.三．动词
1．英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求：
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语
attempt企图mean意欲，打算determine决定pretend假装 decide决定hesitate犹豫 hope希望 intend想要 refuse拒绝decide决定等。
真题重现
【CET-4：2007.6】Because of the leg injury, the athlete ________(决定退出比赛).参考答案：decided to quit the match.【CET-6：2007.12】The Foreign Minister said he was resigning, ________.(但他拒绝进一步解释这样做的原因)
参考答案：while he refused to further explain why/while he refused to make further explanation for doing so.2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式
enable使能够ask要求，邀请 allow允许 force强迫 press迫使 inspire鼓舞 request请求 help帮助 invite吸引，邀请encourage鼓励等。
真题重现
【CET-4：2006.12】Specialists in intercultural studies says that it is not easy to ________(适应不同文化中的生活)
参考答案：adapt oneself to life in different cultures.【CET-6：2007.1】After the terrorist attack, tourists _______（被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游）.参考答案：were advised/suggested not to go to that country as their tourism destination for the present.3)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语
dislike不喜欢，讨厌appreciate 感激，欣赏avoid避免 enjoy享有，喜爱can’t help不禁 escape逃跑，逃避can’t stand受不了 deny否认 mind 介意 finish完成，结束不得 postpone延迟，延期hate讨厌等。
I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。
2．非谓语动词中的有关句型
动名词作主语的句型
1)It is + no use, no good(fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名词+doing sth.It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。It is a great fun playing football．打篮球很有趣。
2)It is + useless(nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth．
It is good Playing chess after supper．晚饭后弈棋挺好。
四．强调句: It is/was +被强调部分+that/who„, 对于这个结构，需要注意以下几点：
①强调句型中的系动词除is和was之外，没有其他形式的变化;
②被强调部分如果是人，可以用who, 也可以用that,其他情况用that（常识性知识，一般不能作为考点）。
③在not„until句型里，如果强调由until所引导的时间状语时，not须跟在until之前，即构成It is not until„that结构。
It is because she is too inexperienced that she does not know how to deal with the serious situation.她不知道如何应对这种严重情况是因为她太缺乏经验了。
It is because the water had risen that they could not cross the river.正是因为水涨了，他们没有渡过河去。
注：强调的如果是原因状语从句，只能由because引导，不能由since, as或why引导。
It was not until the second year that he has adapted himself to the college life.直到第二年他才适应了大学生活。
真题重现
【CET-6：2007.1】 ______________(直到截止日他才寄出)his application form.参考答案：It was not until the deadline that he sent(out)五．倒装
1．当“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时用倒装，如不在句首或虽在句首但不修辞状语时用正常语序。
Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.只有当你获得足够的数据时，你才能得出正确的结论。
Only in this way can we catch up with the world’s advanced levels in science and technology.只有这样我们才能赶上世界的先进科学技术水平。
其他如：only then, only once, only in AmericaChina, only after the accident等。
真题重现
【CET-6：2007.6】Only in the small town_________.(他才感到安全和放松)
参考答案：does she feel secure and relaxed
2．never等具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时用倒装。
这类词或词组常用的有：never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, not until, by no means, under no circumstances, under no condition, in no way(决不), in no case(决不), neither „(nor), no sooner„(than), hardly„(when), barely(仅仅，几乎不), on no account, in no circumstances(决不), not a bit, nowhere, not only„but also等。
Not only was Churchill a statesman, but also a poet.丘吉尔不仅是一位政治家，还是一位诗人。
Never in all my life have I heard such nonsense.我从未听到过这种胡说！
真题重现
【CET-6：2007.12】 The witness was told that under no circumstances_____________.(他都不应该对法庭说谎)
参考答案：should he lie to the court.【CET-6：2007.1】 ______________(直到截止日他才寄出)his application form.参考答案Not until the deadline did he send(out)
3．the more…, the more结构中的倒装。
【CET-4：2006.6】90.The more you explain, _________________(我愈糊涂).参考答案：the more confused I am
第三篇：2018英语四级翻译和解析
英语四级翻译：维吾尔族
维吾尔族(Uygur)是中国的一个少数民族。维吾尔族人喜欢喝奶茶，吃肉和用面粉烤制的馕(nang)。他们有自己的语言和文字。他们的文学具有一种独特的民族风格，其中“阿凡提的故事”(the Story of Afanti)中国各族人民的喜爱。维吾尔族是个能歌善舞的民族，每逢节日和婚礼，他们都会邀请客人和他们一起跳传统民间舞蹈。他们的民歌优美动听，被广泛传唱。
参考译文：
The Uygur is a Chinese ethnic minority.Uygur people like to drink milk tea, eat meat and nang baked with flour.They have their own spoken and written languages.Uygur literature is of a unique ethnic style, among which the Story of Afanti is favored by all ethnic groups in China.The Uygur people are good at singing and dancing.They will invite guests to join them in their traditional folk dance in festivals and wedding ceremonies.Their folk songs sound beautiful and are widely sung.解析：
1.第2句中的定语“用面粉烤制的”较长，可将其处理成后置定语，用分词短语baked with flour来表达，表被动。
2.在第3句中，“语言”侧重指口头的，而“文字”则侧重指书面的，故该句可译为They have their own spoken and written languages。该句也可对应地译为 They have their own languages and characters。
3.在第4句中，“具有……风格”可用be of...style来表达;“其中……”可用among which引导的定语从句来表达，将前后两个分句连接起来，使分句间的语义关系更加紧密。
4.倒数第2句较长，后两个分句“每逢……”和“他们都会……”之间语义联系紧密，可合译为一个句子，第1个分句则单独另成一句。在“维吾尔族是个能歌善舞的民族”中，“能歌善舞”的施动者是“人”，而非“民族”,故需译为 The Uygur people are good at...。“每逢......”作状语，可译为 in festivals and wedding ceremonies，置于句末。
英语四级翻译：茶马古道
茶马古道(Tea-horse Ancient Road)两边，生活着20多个少数 民族。不同的地方有着各自美丽而神奇的自然风景和传统文化，比 如:大理，丽江古城，香格里拉(Shangrila),雅鲁藏布江大峡谷和布 达拉宫(Potala Palace)。古道的两旁有庙宇、岩石壁画、骚站(post ?house),古桥和木板路，还有少数民族舞蹈和民族服装。时至今天，虽然这条古道的踪迹都消失了，但它的文化和历史价值仍然存在。
参考译文：
Along the Tea-horse Ancient Road lived more than 20 minori?ties.Concentrations of beautiful and mysterious natural landscapes and traditional cultures developed in various sites，including Dali old city, Lijiang old city, Shangrila, Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon, Potala Palace.The road features temples, rock paintings, post houses, ancient bridges and plank roads.It is also home to many national minorities and their dances and folk customs.Today, although the traces of the ancient road are fading away, its cultural and historic values remain.英语四级翻译：国画
国画是中国文化遗产的重要组成部分。不同于西方画，它是用毛笔(Chinese brush)和墨汁在宣纸(xuan paper)上作画的。精通这门艺术需要不断重复的练习，需要控制好毛笔，需要对宣纸和墨汁有一定的认识。绘画前，画家必须在脑海里有一个草图并根据他的想象力和经验进行绘画。许多中国画家既是诗人，又是书法家。他们经常会在自己的画上亲手添加诗作。
参考翻译: Chinese painting is an important part of thecountry's cultural heritage.It distinguishes itselffrom Western painting in that it is drawn on xuanpaper with the Chinese brush and Chinese ink.Toattain proficiency in this art, it is necessary to havea good control of the brush, and certain knowledge of xuan paper and Chinese ink besidesrepeated exercises.Before painting, the painter must have a draft in his mind and drawaccording to his imagination and experience.Many a Chinese painter is at the same time a poetand calligrapher who often adds a poem with his own hand on the painting.解析：
1.不同于西方画，它是用毛笔和墨汁在宣纸上作画的:“不同于”可译为distinguish oneself from sth.,也可用bedifferent from 表示。“毛笔和墨汁”可译为the Chinesebrush and Chinese ink,此处可同用一个冠词表示整体;“用”可用介词with，表示方式。
2.精通这门艺术需要不断重复的练习，需要控制好毛笔，需要对宣纸和墨汁有一定的认识:“精通这门艺术”可译为toattain proficiency in this art，attain意为“获得、获取”，proficiency意为“精通、熟练”。“需要控制好毛笔，需要对宣纸和墨汁有一定的认识”，该句可理解为“控制好毛笔和认识宣纸、墨汁也是必要的”。
英语四级翻译：论语
《论语》(The Analects of Confucius)是儒家的经典著作之一，它是对孔子及其弟子(disciple)的言行和对话的记录。众所周知，孔子是一位伟大的思想家和哲学家，他的思想被发展成了儒家哲学体系。《论语》是儒家思想的代表作，数个世纪以来，《论语》一直极大地影响着中国人的哲学观和道德观，它也影响着其他亚洲国家人民的哲学观和道德观。
参考翻译:
The Analects of Confucius
The Analects of Confucius is one of the Confucius classics and is a record of the words and actsof Confucius and his disciples, as well as the conversations they held.It's well-known thatConfucius is a great ideologist and philosopher, and his thoughts have been developed into asystem of philosophy known as Confucianism.The Analects of Confucius is a representativework of Confucianism.For centuries, it has been heavily influencing the philosophy and moraloutlook of Chinese people and that of the people of other Asian countries as well.解析：
1.经典著作:翻译为classics即可，简单明了。
2.儒家哲学体系:可直译为Confucian philosophy system 或者a system of philosophy known asConfucianism,只是需要注意表意完整。
3.代表作:可译为representative work。representative为形容词，意为“典型的，有代表性的”。
4.哲学观和道德观:“观”即为“观点、看法”，所以可译为philosophy and moral outlook。
5.也影响着…道德观:由于前面的分句中已经提到了同样的内容，因而此处可以将其省略而不再重复译出，故可译为..that of the people of other Asian countries as well。
英语四级翻译：找工作
如今，越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好工作。造成这一现象的原因如下：首先，大学生把在校的大多数 时间都用在了专业学科学习上，只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训。其次，大 学生之间的竞争也越来越激烈，这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。因此，强烈建议大学生在课余时间做一些兼职工作，以积累相关的工作经验。
参考答案：
Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job.The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: First, college students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and
it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training.Second, competition among graduates has become more and more fierce.And this results in a decreased chance for any individual graduate to find a job.Therefore, it is highly suggested that college students should do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience。
难点精析
1.抱怨很难找到好工作：翻译为complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job。其中“抱怨做某事”用句型complain about doing sth。表示，having great difficulties in finding a good job表示“找工作有困难”，用到了句型have difficulties in doing sth.。
2.只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训：翻译为it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training。‘只有当 才 ’用强调句型it is only when…that…表示。
3.导致：翻译为results in,同义短语有lead to和bring about，但是表示不好的结果时一般用短语result in。
4.强烈建议：翻译为it is highly suggested that...，其中highly suggested也可以用 strongly recommended 替换，都表示“强烈建议做某事”。
5.积累相关的工作经验：翻译为accumulate relevant working experience。英语四级翻译：茶文化
中国是一个文化历史悠久的(time-honored)国度，也是一个礼仪(ceremony and decorum)之邦。每当客人来访，都需要泡茶给客人喝。在给客人奉茶之前，你应该问问他们都喜欢喝什么类型的茶，并采用最合适的茶具奉上。奉茶期间，主人需要仔细留意客人的茶杯里的茶量。通常，若是用茶杯泡的茶，在茶喝完一半之后就应该加开水，这样，茶杯就一直都是满的，茶的芳香(bouquet)也得以保留。
参考翻译:
Chinese Tea Culture
China is a country with a time-honored civilizationand also a land of ceremony and decorum.Whenever guests visit, it is necessary to make andserve tea to them.Before serving tea, you may askthem for their preferences as to what kind of tea they fancy, and serve them the tea in themost appropriate teacups.In the course of serving tea, the host should take careful note ofhow much water remains in the guests'cups.Usually, if the tea is made in a teacup, boilingwater should be added into the cup when half of the tea in it has been consumed;and thus thecup is kept filled and the tea retains the same bouquet.1.一个文化历史悠久的国度：可译为a country with atime-honored civilization。核心词“国度”前的修饰语可采用with来进行关联。
2.都需要泡茶给…：可译为 it is necessary to make andserve tea to...此处的分句中原文没有给出明确的主语，所以采用it is necessary to do sth.这样的结构。此处如果采用增译法，可增加主语“我们”或者“主人”。
3.奉茶：指提供茶给客人，可译为serve tea。
4.在茶喝完一半之后：可译为after half of the tea in it has been consumed。此处的it指代的是cup。为了避免与前文重复，此处可用it来进行替代。5.应该加开水：可译为boiling water should be added。boiling water 意为“沸水，开水”。英语四级翻译：十二生肖
十二生肖(the twelve Chinese Zodiacs)是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，它们源于自然界的11种动物和一个民族图腾(totem)。十二生肖代表动物的性格特点各不相同。到了龙年或虎年，人们常说“生龙活虎”;马年人们会说“马到成功”;猪在中国人的眼里是“宝”的意思;牛是勤劳(diligence)的象征，这一点在鲁迅的诗句“俯首甘为孺子牛”中有着完美的体现。
参考翻译:
The Twelve Chinese Zodiacs
The twelve Chinese Zodiacs, including eleven animalsin the nature and a national totem, play animportant role in the Chinese traditional culture.The twelve symbolic animals have their owncharacteristics.In the Year of Dragon or the Year of Tiger, people will say shenglonghuohu—full of vim and vigor;in the Year of Horse, people will say madaochenggong—to gain animmediate success.In Chinese eyes, pig is a “treasure”.Ox is a symbol of diligence, which iswell presented in the verse by Lu Xun一an outstanding writer in China, “head bowed, like awilling ox I serve the children”.1.生龙活虎、马到成功:中国成语在翻译时可以先译为拼音，再进一步解释其内涵。“生龙活虎”即“精力充沛，活力四射”，可译为vim and vigor;“马到成功”即“快速获得成功”可译为gain an immediate success。
2.牛:生肖中的“牛”用ox来表达，而不用如cattle, cow,bull等其他表示“牛” 的词。
3.俯首甘为孺子牛:可直译为Head bowed, like a willingox I serve the children;或者根据其表达的“愿意为弱小服务的精神”译为modesty combined with thespirit of willingly serving the young and weak。同时，译文要简略给出鲁迅的身份，以使译文内容更为周全。
英语四级翻译：故宫
故宫(The Palace Museum)，旧称紫禁城(Forbidden City)，是明、清两朝(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)的皇宫，位于北京市市中心，前通******，后倚景山公园，东近王府井街市，西临中南海。故宫是无与伦比的古代建筑杰作，也是世界现存规模最大、保存最完整的古代皇宫建筑群，1987年被联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)评为世界文化遗产。故宫是中华民族的骄傲所在，也是全人类的珍贵文化遗产。
参考翻译:
The Palace Museum
The Palace Museum, once called Forbidden City, isthe imperial palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Located in central City of Beijing, it faces Tian’anmenSquare in the front, with Jingshan Park at its back,Wangfujing Street at its east, and Zhongnanhai at its west.The Palace Museum is anunprecedented masterpiece of ancient construction and the world’s largest and best-preserved architectural complex of ancient imperial palace at present.It was listed as aworld cultural heritage by UNESCO in 1987.It’s an invaluable cultural heritage of all humanbeings as well as the pride of the Chinese nation.1.位于北京市市中心:可译为located in central City ofBeijing或者located in the center of Beijing,其中locate 常用于被动语态。
2.前通…，后倚……，东近…，西临…:这一句的翻译比较难，可以用(it)faces...in the front, with...at its back,...at its east and...at its west的结构简化处理。
3.无与伦比的古代建筑杰作:可译为unprecedentedmasterpiece of ancient construction,其中“无与伦比的”也可以用unmatched “无可匹敌的，无法比拟的”表示。
4.保存最完整的:“保存最完整的”即“保存最好的”，要用well-preserved 的最高级the best-preserved。
5.建筑群:可译为architectural complex,也可译为 groups of building。
6.世界文化遗产:为固定表达，翻译为world cultural heritage。
英语四级翻译：睡眠
我们的身体夜晚需要休息，白天需要清醒。大多数人每晚需要8到8.5个小时的睡眠才能正常运转。找到更多的时间、更好的睡眠方法可能是个挑战。科学家已经确认了80多种不同的睡眠紊乱症(sleep disorders)。有些睡眠紊乱症是遗传的。但是，许多睡眠紊乱症是由于熬夜，经常跨时区旅行以及上夜班而引起的。
【参考译文】
Our bodies want to sleep at night and be awake during the day.Most women and men need between eight and eight and a half hours of sleep a night to function properly throughout their lives.Finding ways to get more and better sleep can be a challenge.Scientists have identified more than 80 different sleep disorders.Some sleeping disorders are genetic.But many problems are caused by staying up late and by traveling frequently between time zone or by working nights.【重点表达】
正常运转 function properly
找到更多的时间、更好的睡眠方法 find ways to get more and better sleep
熬夜 stay up late
经常跨时区旅行 travel frequently between time zone 上夜班 work nights 英语四级翻译：孔子
孔子(ConfUcius)是一位思想家、政治家，教育家，也是中国儒学(the Ru School)思想的创始人。儒学(Confucianism)，这个道德和宗教哲学的大系统建立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教学上。冯友兰，中国思想史上20世纪伟大的的权威之一，把孔子在中国历史上的影响比作西方的苏格拉底。
汉译英
Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought.Confucianism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung.Fung You-lan, one of the great 20th century authorities on the history ofChinese thought, compares Confucius'influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West.英语四级翻译：花木兰
花木兰是中国著名古诗《木兰辞》中描绘的一位替父从军的英雄。因木兰的父亲年事已高，不能经受奔波劳苦，木兰又没有兄长可以代替老父，于是她把自己乔装成男子代父从军。虽然这个故事是否真实不得而知，但是千百年来，花木兰作为孝顺的典范而深受中国人的尊敬。1998年，美国迪士尼公司将花木兰的故事改编成了动画片，受到了全世界的欢迎。
参考翻译:
Hua Mulan
Hua Mulan is a heroine who joined the army for herfather, according to what is described in a famousChinese ancient poetry The Ballad of Mulan.Mulan'sfather is too old to bear suffering from thebitterness, and she doesn't have an elder brother to go and fight instead of the old father.SoMulan decides to disguised herself as a man to join the army for her father.Hua Mulan has beenhighly respected as a filial model by the Chinese people for hundreds of years, even though itis unknown whether the story has any factual basis.In 1998，her story was adapted into ananimated cartoon by Disney of the United States, and the cartoon was very popular all overthe world.1.替父从军:可译为join the army for her father即可，不必直译为take the place of her father and join the army。
2.英雄:由于花木兰是女性，所以最好译为heroine,而不用hero。
3.不能经受奔波劳苦:翻译为could not bear suffering from the bitterness，其中“经受”用动词bear表达，“奔波劳苦”用名词bitterness表达即可，没必要字对字翻译。
4.把自己乔装成男子:翻译为disguise herself as a man,动词disguise意为“乔装，化妆;伪装”。
5.深受中国人的尊敬:翻译为be highly respected by the Chinese people, 其中highly为副词，表示“高度地，极其，非常”。
6.改编成了:翻译为be adapted into。
第四篇：四级翻译考点分类总结
四级翻译考点分类总结 虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下：
1.(should)+动词原形的情形(已考)
2.if或but for等引导的条件句(已考)
3.wish, if only, it is time„的用法
(should)+动词原形的情形
1．在动词suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain，determine, recommend, advise, advocate, persuade等表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”动词后的宾语从句中。
She insisted that the seats(should)be booked in advance.她坚持要预定座位。
He advised that the doctor(should)be sent for.他劝我们派人请医生。
注：如果上述动词作其他意思解释，或者说话者认为所讲的事是事实，要用陈述语气。
When asked why he declined our invitation, he suggested that he
was not on good terms with the director.真题重现
【CET-4:2006.6】The professor required
that __________________(我们交研究报告)。
参考答案：we hand in our research report(s)
2．在advice, demand, order, necessity, resolution, decision, proposal，requirement, suggestion, idea, recommendation, request, plan,等名词后的主语从句
或表语从句中------上面动词对应的名词
He issued the order that the troops(should)withdraw at once.他命令部队马上撤退。
3．在形容词important, necessary, imperative, natural, urgent, essential, appropriate, desirable, vital, advisable, preferable, incredible以及短语no wonder, a pity等可以构成“It is +形容词（名词）+that”句型中。
It is necessary that some
immediate effort(should)be made.必须立即采取行动。真题重现
【CET-6:2007.6】It is absolutely unfair that these children ______(被剥夺了受教育的权利).参考答案：These children(should)be deprived of the right to receive education.从句的内容非常庞杂，该专题主要讲解在翻译题可能考察的名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句等。
一． 名词性从句
名词从句是指行使名词功能的
从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及补语从句。
1.主语从句---从句作主语
主语从句主要由that, what, whether, how以及其它词引导，还有就是由代词it作形式主语。
That he survived the accident is a miracle.他在这场事故中幸免于难，真是奇迹。
特别提示：尽管that并没有实际含义，但是他起到引导主语从句的功能，在这里不可或缺。
What he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value
or importance.他喜欢做的事情被社会所忽视，认为毫无价值，无足轻重。
How he managed to finish the job is of interest to us all.他是如何设法完成这项工作的，我们对此都很感兴趣。
Whether the results will be valuable depends partly on our attitudes towards it.结果是否有价值在部分程度上取决于我们对此的态度。
特别提示：whether引导的主语从句位于句首时，whether不能由if代替。
2.宾语从句---从句作宾语。
The court decisions have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education.法院裁决责令公立学校必须采取必要步骤提供这种教育。
I can’t understand why he avoided speaking to me.我不理解他为什么不跟我说话。
真题重现
【CET-4：2007.12】Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life ______(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not
how much they can earn.参考答案：is measured by how much they can loan
3.表语从句---从句作表语
The next question we have to decide is when we have to submit the annual report.我们必须决定的下一个问题是，什么时候我们必须呈交报告。
【CET-4：2007.12】In my sixties, one change I notice is that _____(我比以前更容易累了)。
参考答案：I am more likely to get tired than before
同位语从句在句中作同位语，对被修饰名词的内容予以解释说明。特点：抽象名词在前，表达具体内容的从句在后。常见的包括：
agreement, assumption(假设), belief, conclusion, decision, determination, discovery, dream, evidence, explanation, fact, guess, hope, idea, knowledge, likelihood, message, mind, news, notion（观
念)，opinion, possibility, prediction(预言), proposal, proposition(论点，主张), suggestion，rumor，theory, thought, truth
I have no doubt that he will overcome all his difficulties.他会克服一切困难，对此我并不感到怀疑。
二． 定语从句
定语从句是修饰限定名词或代词的从句。掌握定语从句的关键在于把握引导词，既用来引导定语从句的词。定语从句的内容比较庞杂，希望同学们在复习时多总结和归纳。
真题重现
【CET-4：2007.6】The prevent and treatment of AIDS is ________(我们可以合作的领域).参考答案：a field where(in which)we can cooperate.三． 状语从句
状语从句分为：时间状语从句、条件状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句和比较状语从句。
真题重现
【CET-4：2007.12】 I am going to pursue this course, _________(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲)。
参考答案：no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make
【CET-4：2006.12】Some psychologists claim that people_________(出门在外时可能会感到孤独)
参考答案：may feel lonely when they are away from home
【CET-6：2007.12】Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, _________.(而动物的行为主要依靠本能)
参考答案：While animal behavior depends mainly on their instinct.1．英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求：
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语
attempt企图mean意欲，打算determine决定pretend假装 decide决定hesitate犹豫 hope希望 intend想要 refuse拒绝decide决定等。
真题重现
【CET-4：2007.6】Because of the leg injury, the athlete ________(决定退出比赛).参考答案：decided to quit the match.【CET-6：2007.12】The Foreign Minister said he was resigning, ________.(但他拒绝进一步解释这样做的原因)
参考答案：while he refused to further explain why/ while he refused
to
make
further explanation for doing so.2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式
enable使能够ask要求，邀请 allow允许 force强迫 press迫使 inspire鼓舞 request请求 help帮
助 invite吸引，邀请encourage鼓励等。
真题重现
【CET-4：2006.12】Specialists in intercultural studies says that it is not easy to ________(适应不同文化中的生活)
参考答案：adapt oneself to life in different cultures.【CET-6：2007.1】After the terrorist
attack，tourists _______（被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游）.参考答案：were
advised/suggested not to go to that country as their tourism destination for the present.3)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语
dislike不喜欢，讨厌appreciate 感激，欣赏avoid避免 enjoy享有，喜爱can’t help不禁 escape逃跑，逃避can’t stand受不了 deny否认 mind 介意 finish完成，结束不得 postpone延迟，延期hate讨厌等。
I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study
abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。
2．非谓语动词中的有关句型
动名词作主语的句型
It is + no use, no good(fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名词+doing sth.1)
It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。It is a great fun playing football．打篮球很有趣。
2)It is + useless(nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth．
It is good Playing chess after supper．晚饭后弈棋挺好。
强调句: It is/was +被强调部分+that/who„, 对于这个结构，需要注意以下几点：
①强调句型中的系动词除is和was之外，没有其他形式的变化;
②被强调部分如果是人，可以用who, 也可以用that,其他情况用that（常识性知识，一般不能作为考点）。
③在not„until句型里，如果强调由until所引导的时间状语时，not须跟在until之前，即构成It is not until„that结构。
It is because she is too inexperienced that she does not know how to deal with the serious situation.她不知道如何应对这种严重情况是因为她太缺乏经验了。
It is because the water had risen that they could not cross the river.正是因为水涨了，他们没有渡过河去。
注：强调的如果是原因状语从句，只能由because引导，不能由since, as或why引导。
It was not until the second year that he has adapted himself to the college life.直到第二年他才适应了大学生活。
真题重现 【CET-6：2007.1】
______________(直到截止日他才寄出)his application form.参考答案：It was not until the deadline that he sent(out)倒装
1．当“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时用倒装，如不在句首或虽在句首但不修辞状语时用正常语序。
Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.只有当你获得足够的数据时，你才能得出正确的结论。
Only in this way can we catch up with the world’s advanced levels in science and technology.只有这样我们才能赶上世界的先进科学技术水平。
其他如：only then, only once, only in AmericaChina, only after the accident等。
真题重现
【CET-6：2007.6】Only in the small town_________.(他才感到安全和放松)
参考答案：does she feel secured and relaxed
2．never等具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时用倒装。
这类词或词组常用的有：never，seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, not until, by no means, under no circumstances, under no condition, in no way(决不), in no case(决不), neither „(nor), no sooner„(than), hardly„(when), barely(仅仅，几乎不), on no account, in no circumstances(决不), not a bit, nowhere, not only„but also等。
Not only was Churchill a statesman, but also a poet.丘吉尔不仅是一位政治家，还是一位诗人。
Never in all my life have I heard such nonsense.我从未听到过这种胡说！
真题重现
【CET-6：2007.12】 The witness was told
that
under
no circumstances_____________.(他都不应该对法庭说谎)
参考答案：should he lie to the court.【CET-6：2007.1】
______________(直到截止日他才寄出)his application form.参考答案Not until the deadline did he send(out)
3．the more…, the more结构中的倒装。
【CET-4：2006.6】90.The more you explain, _________________(我愈糊涂).参考答案：the more confused I am
第五篇：四级翻译
Confucius）是春秋时期（the Spring and Autumn Period）的大思想家、大教育家和儒家学派（Confucianism）的创始人，是古代中国人心目中的圣人。孔子的言论和生平活动记录在由他的弟子或再传弟子编成的《论语》（The Analects）一书中。《论语》是中国古代文化的经典著作。在孔子之后几千年的中国历史上，没有哪一位思想家、文学家和政治家不受《论语》的影响。不研究《论语》，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。
As a great thinker,educator and founder of Confucianism during the Spring and Autumn Period,Confucius is a sage to the ancient Chinese people.His words and life storywere recorded by his disciples and their students in The Analects.As an enduring classic of Chinese culture, The Analects has influenced allthinkers, writers and politicians in the thousand years’ Chinese history after Confucius.No scholar could trulyunderstand this long-standing culture or the inner world of the ancient Chinesewithout this book.NO.2 大约在两千多年前，中国就出现了蜡染（wax printing）。在中国服饰中，蜡染是一种流传时间长、流行范围大、使用领域广的服装工艺。蜡染是在布匹着色的过程中，以蜂蜡（beeswax）作为防止染色的材料。蜂蜡干了之后，会产生一些裂纹，这些裂纹在染色过程中渗透进靛蓝色，于是形成了如冰花式样的美妙纹理。这样自然天成的纹理可以说是蜡染的灵魂所在。
Wax printingappeared in China about 2,000 years ago.Wax printing has long been awidespread technique used in the history of Chinese fashion.During the dyeingprocess, beeswax is applied to prevent some parts of the cloth form being dyed.When the beeswax dries, it develops cracks, which absorb indigo in the processof dyeing, thus forming the beautiful natural lines resembling breaking ice.These naturally formed lines represent the beauty and soul of wax printing.NO.3 景泰蓝（cloisonné）是驰名中外的传统工艺，它集青铜艺术、瓷器和雕刻诸种工艺制作技巧于一身，是一门地道的北京绝活。它是收藏家收藏的佳品，也是人们居家使用的精美物品。这项工艺始创于明代景泰年间，初创时的颜色主要是蓝色，故得名“景泰蓝”。到了成化年间，景泰蓝技术进一步成熟，这个时期的作品沉稳凝重又透明灵动，而且铜胎也极为讲究。
Cloisonné is a traditional art widely known in and outsideChina.It is a kind of superb local expertise form of Beijing, which combinesthe skills of bronze art, porcelain, carving and other types of folk arts.Itis deemed valuable in the eyes of collectors, as well as refined ornaments fordaily use.The making of cloisonné first appearedduring the Jingtai reign of the Ming Dynasty, with the main colour used beingblue, hence the name “Jingtai Blue” as it became known later on.By the time of the Chenghua reign, thetechniques for making cloisonné were further
lacking ineloquence or vividness.Moreover, its cast was always made of choice copper.NO.4 西塘在浙江嘉兴，位于上海和杭州之间。这个占地规模并不大的古镇有着悠久的历史，它初建于春秋时期（the Spring and Autumn Period），位于吴国和越国的交界处。西塘的大致规模在宋代之前就已经形成，今所见西塘著名的桥梁望仙桥（Wangxian Bridge）就是宋代的遗迹。在明清时期，西塘既是远近闻名的鱼米之乡，又是著名的丝绸制造之地，还以制陶业（ceramics）而享誉全国。
Xitang is located inJiaxing, Zhejiang Province, between Shanghai and Hangzhou.Though small insize, this ancient town boasts a long history.It was first built during theSpring and Autumn Period, at the border between the states of Wu and Yue.Thepresent layout had already taken shape before the Song Dynasty, and the famousWangxian Bridge in Xitang is a legacy of the Song Dynasty.By the Ming and QingDynasties, Xitang had become a well-known trade center for farm products, silksand ceramics, all produced in the surrounding areas and famous throughout thecountry.NO.5 秧歌舞（Yangko dance）是中国汉族的一种传统民间舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作迅速有力。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上观看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳舞来保持健康，同时他们也乐在其中。
The Yangko dance isa traditional folk dance of the Han Chinese, commonly performed in the northernprovinces.Yangko dancers usually wear bright and colorful costumes, and theirmovements are vigorous and quick.During holidays, such as the lunar New Yearand the Lantern Festival, as soon as people hear the sound of drums and gongsthey swarm into the streets to watch Yangko dance performances, no matter howcold it is outside.In recent years, elderly people in some cities in NortheastChina have been organizing themselves into Yangko teams, with the dancersenjoying themselves while keeping fit all year round.NO.6 中国的青铜器时代（Bronze Age）从夏开始，经历商、西周到春秋时期（the Spring and Autumn Period），前后持续了一千五百多年的时间。大量出土的青铜器物表明，中国创造了灿烂的青铜文明。这些青铜器物不仅有丰富的政治和宗教内涵，而且还具有很高的艺术价值。今藏于中国历史博物馆的大盂鼎（the Great Ding for Yu）是中国青铜器时代的代表性作品之一。它是西周康王（King Kang）时期的作品，距今大约有三千多年。The Bronze Age inChina lasted more than 1,500 years, from the Xia through the
numbers of unearthedartifacts indicate a high level of ancient bronze civilization in the country.They feature rich political and religious themes, and are of high artisticvalue.A representative example is the Great Ding for Yu, which is nowpreserved in the Museum of Chinese History.It was cast about 3,000 years agoduring the reign of King Kang of Western Zhou Dynasty.NO.7 1911 年，中国爆发了历史上的第一次资产阶级革命——辛亥革命（the Revolution of 1911），它推翻了中国封建社会的最后一个朝代——清朝，废除了中国延续了2000 多年的封建帝制，建立了中国的第一个民主共和国——中华民国。民国政府成立以后，要求全国人民都剪掉头上的辫子（queues），选择自己喜欢的发型。至此，在中国延续了280 多年的辫子法令终于被解除。
In 1911, the firstbourgeois revolution in Chinese history — the Revolution of 1911 broke out.The last dynasty of the Chinesefeudal society, Qing Dynasty, was over-thrown and the monarch system that had ahistory of more than 2,000 years was abolished.The Republic of China, thefirst democratic republic in China, was founded in 1912.After its foundation,the government of Republic of China had required the citizens to cut off theirqueues and make the haircut they liked.Since then, the wearing-queue orderthat had lasted for more than 280 years in China has been abolished.NO.8 出现在中国五代时期的妇女缠足（foot-binding），虽然最初是宫廷舞女为了方便跳舞而采用的一种行为，但由于有人认为脚裹起来更好看，所有很多人就开始效仿起来。到了宋代，封建社会的纲常思想非常严重，受到男尊女卑的封建礼教的影响，女子裹脚的风气被传承下来，并逐渐成为一种习俗。为了与妇女的小脚相适应，宋代还出现了专门为裹足妇女制作的弓鞋（gongxie）。
The practice offoot-binding for women appeared in the Five Dynasties, but in the beginning, itwas only adopted by the court dancers for convenience while dancing.Sincepeople thought the foot-binding made women’s feet look more beautiful, many females rushed to follow suit.Bythe Song Dynasty, due to the importance of feudal ethical thoughts andinfluence of the feudal male superiority conception, the practice offoot-binding was inherited and became a custom.In the Song Dynasty, to meetthe needs of women’s small feet, a kind of speciallydesigned shoes gongxie was made.NO.9 据中国古代史书记载，治水有功的大禹通过禅让制接替舜成为部落联盟首领。但大禹死后，他的儿子夏启却破坏禅让的传统，自立为国王，建立了中国历史上第一个奴隶制国家——夏。从此，王位实行世袭制度，中国社会从此步入阶级社会。夏代处在中国社会从原始社
会向奴隶社会过渡的时期，社会生活的各个方面依然保存着原始社会的种种痕迹。According to theChinese ancient documents, the legendary leader Shun abdicated and handed overhis leadership to Da Yu who had made great contribution to controlling theflood of the Yellow River of China.When Da Yu died, his son Xia Qi breachedthe tradition of demise system and set himself as the king.Xia, the firstslavery nation in Chinese history, was founded.Since then, the hereditarysystem had been practiced.Thus, China stepped into a class society.The XiaDynasty was a transition from primitive society to slave society.At that time,all aspects of social life still reserved traces of primitive society.NO.10 北京烤鸭是自封建帝王时代就在北京城流行的著名菜肴，如今它被认为是中国的一道国菜。这道菜以它薄而脆的酥皮，以及厨师们在客人面前片鸭子的真实情形而著称。专门用于制作烤鸭的鸭子在养殖65 天后就被屠宰了，鸭子在烤制前要先用调料腌制（season），然后才送进焖炉或者挂炉.鸭肉通常配上葱（scallion）、黄瓜和甜面酱，用薄饼卷着食用。Peking duck is afamous dish that has been popular since the imperial erain Beijing, and is now considered a national dish of China.The dish is prizedfor the thin, crisp skin with authentic vision of the dish serving sliced infront of the diners by the cook.Ducks bred specially for the dish areslaughtered after 65 days and seasoned before being roasted in a closed or hungoven.The meat is usually eaten with pancakes, scallion, cucumbers and sweetbean sauce.收起
As is shown in the graph… 如图所示…
The graph shows that… 图表显示…
As can be seen from the table,… 从表格中可以看出…
From the chart, we know that… 从这张表中,我们可知…
All these data clearly prove the fact that… 所有这些数据明显证明这一事实,即…
The increase of ….In the city has reached to 20%.….在这个城市的增长已达到20%.In 1985, the number remained the same.1985年,这个数字保持不变.There was a gradual decline in 1989.1989年,出现了逐渐下降的情况
一.开头段常用提出现象句型
1.Nowadays more and more…are commonly and widely…in everyday life.如今，在日常生活中，越来越多…被广泛…
2.In recent years…is gaining growing popularity with…
近年来，…受到越来越多…的欢迎
3.Recent years have been a boom in…
近年来，出现了迅速增长。
4.Nowadays, there are many…
如今，出现了许多…
5.Nowadays,…has become a very common matter in…
如今，…已经成为在…的常见现象。
6.Nowadays, there is a growing tendency in…
如今，在…方面出现了上升趋势。
7.Recently…has aoused wide concern…/has been brought into focus.最近，…引起了广泛关注/受到了人们的关注。
8.Most of us may have such experience that…
我们当中许多人可能都有…这种经历。
二.开头段常用引出他人观点的句型
9.In reaction to the phenomenon of…, some people say…
针对…现象，有人说…
10.When asked about…most people say…
当被问到…，大多数人认为…
11.When it comes to…, some people think…
关于…,有人认为…
12.Now, it is widely believed that…
现在，许多人认为…
三.开头/中间段常用引出两种不同观点的句型
13.There is a public debate today over… some people believed that…Others claim that…
如今社会上出现了关于…的争论。有些人认为…另一些人则声称…
14.When it comes to/talking about…, quite a few people believe that …but other people think differently.当谈及…时，有相当一部分人认为…然而，另一些人则有不同的想法。
15.People’s opinion wary when they talk about…Some maintain that…Others believe that…
当谈及…时，人们观点不一。有人坚持认为…另有人认为…
四.开头段常用引出故事/事件句型
16.At about…o’clock in the…,when I…, I saw…
…点在…,当我正…的时候，我看见…
17.It was a …morning, when a …suddenly…
五.中间段常用引出优缺点/不足/影响句型
18.The advantages of…lies in many ways.…有许多有点/好处。
19….as in the case with many issues, has both merits and demetits.正如许多事物一样，…也是既有优点又有不足的。
20….will bring about an unfavorable effects/influence on…
…会为…造成不好的影响。
21.…may give rise to/result in a number of problems.…会导致一系列的问题。
六.中间段/结尾段常用引出原因句型
22.Why…? Three factors can explain this.First… Second…Third…
为什么…?有三个因素可以解释。首先，…其次…，第三…
23.As for/Among the factors for…,…counts for the half, the rest depends on…
就导致…的因素而言，…是一部分原因，另一部分原因是…
七.中间/结尾段常用引出解决方法句型
24.How to…? The key words are as follows.To begins with, …Next, …Finally, …
如何…?关键措施如下。首先…其次…最后…
25.Such …would not …if we knew the following ways to handle …First,… Second,…Third…(虚拟语气)
如果我们掌握了以下处理…的方法，如此的…可能不会…第一个方法是…第二个方法是…第三个方法是…
八.结尾段常用引出“我”的个人观点的句型
26.As far as I am concerned, I agree with…
就我个人而言，我支持…
27.As to me, the former/latter opinion is more acceptable.对我来说，前/后一种观点更可以接受。
28.For my part, I am on the side of…
对我来所，我站在…那边。
29.As I see it, …
就我看来，…
30.From my perspective, I…
就我而言，我…
九.图表作文开头段常用引出总体趋势的句型
31.As can be seen from the line/bar/chart/table that…increased/rose/grew/dramatically from…
从图表可见，自…以来，…出现了极大的增长。
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