第一篇：B2U5课文翻译及课后练习答案
Unit 1
Dreams In-Class Reading
Are You A Dreamer?
你做梦吗？ 梦，我们为什么会做梦？梦有意义吗？真的有梦中所见之事成为现实这种事吗？几千年来人们对这些问题一直很感兴趣。过去几十年的科学发展使我们对睡眠的自然过程有了更多的认识，然而对于与梦有关的诸多问题依然没有最终答案，这些问题还在继续困惑着我们。2 人人都做梦——只不过有些人不记得做过梦罢了。人类脑电波的记录显示我们所有人入睡后就进入做梦状态。夜晚的大部分时间我们都在做梦，但只有当我们处在REM（眼球迅速转动）睡眠阶段时醒来才会记住所做的梦。眼球迅速转动阶段便是我们做梦的时候。每晚我们有四个或五个REM睡眠阶段，第一次出现在入睡后的90分钟左右。此后，梦期每90分钟复现一次，每次持续15到45分钟，持续时间随着夜晚的深入逐渐延长。3 睡眠的主要目的（除让我们休息外）也许就是让我们做梦——让我们以一种截然不同的方式回顾我们的生活、我们的忧虑和希望，以及在潜意识中观察自我，把不再需要的资料从记忆中剔除。有些梦可能是由简单的生理原因引起的。例如，梦到在灼热的煤块上行走很可能是由睡眠时脚太靠近取暖器引起的。而梦到想跑但两腿却动弹不了这种令人沮丧的境况，也许是被子裹得太紧的缘故。闹铃响了而依然熟睡的人则很可能会梦到门铃或电话铃响。所有这些都是潜意识和意识共同引导和启示我们的简单例子。不过这些从生理角度进行的解释尚不足以说明为什么我们会做梦。有些人认为梦纯粹是无稽之谈，仅仅是人脑中电脉冲无的放矢的结果，然而，有些人则认为即便是最简单的梦也具有重要的含义。有些梦反映的内心忧虑是立即可以识别的。梦见失去工作或者没了房子，也许是反映了真实的忧虑，即便这些忧虑只是潜意识的。我们大多数人都梦见过必须参加一门很难的课程的期末考试，也许是一门从未修过的课，也许是一门学得很糟糕的课。但是，有一些梦并没有这样明显的含义，对它们该如何解析呢？多少世纪以来，男男女女都从所谓的解梦字典中寻找答案，这类字典最早的有可能可以追溯到公元前5000年。根据这些字典，梦见喝酒意味着短命，而梦见喝水则预示着长寿。一直到公元200年，解梦字典受欢迎的程度仍丝毫未减。当时，古希腊的阿特米多鲁斯写了一部长达五卷的书，书中解析了3000多个梦，列举了一系列的梦符，诸如右手（表示父亲），左手（表示母亲），以及海豚（表示好兆头）。如今，图书馆和书店里有无数解析梦的书籍。对于那些解梦爱好者来说，它们依然深受欢迎。然而，多数专家警告说，读这些书时要非常谨慎。心理分析家兼作家肯尼思·桑德斯解释说：“梦与每个人的心理密切相关，因此分析往往容易出现错误和偏差。我认为，只有当你了解做某个梦的人时，才能发现这个梦的真正含义。”
After-Class Reading
成为现实的梦 1965 年11月7 日的晚上，玛丽·都特瑞做了一个噩梦。她忘不了那个梦，她的丈夫乔治也忘不了。她是这么讲述自己的梦的：“我梦见夜里自己在一座山上，电闪雷鸣，然后我看见天上一道亮光，一声巨大的撞击声后，我听到四处都是尖叫声。”
玛丽说，她随后看见地上有一只手。她感到有些害怕，但还是走上前去。然后她看见了一只胳膊，胳膊的那头是些尸体碎块。她说在梦里她尖叫起来：“快来人哪！”然后她看见一些人抬着一个大柳条筐，他们把尸体放进筐里后就走了。玛丽惊醒时还在叫喊着。“玛丽！”乔治俯下身，推推她。“怎么了？”他问。玛丽告诉他：“我刚才梦见你飞机失事死了。噢，乔治，求求你不要坐那趟去辛辛那提的航班。” 玛丽求他不要去，但是乔治不听她的劝阻。然而，在开车去机场的路上，乔治开始感到有点不对头。接着他看见一架飞机从头顶飞过，心慌得怦怦直跳。于是他明白自己不能坐那趟飞机了。他给机场打电话，取消了机票。然后他给玛丽打电话，接着乘火车去了辛辛那提。6 那天晚上，383 次航班试图在辛辛那提降落时遇上了暴风雨，飞机撞上了一座山。玛丽在电视上看到了有关的新闻报道，那情形就同她梦见的一模一样。她看见人们拿筐子运走了尸体。但是她知道乔治没事。因为有了她那个梦的预兆，乔治才得以安然无恙。7 约翰·布拉德利也做过类似的梦。他住在英格兰，是一位教师。他还是一位博物学家，喜欢带班上的学生进行校外考察旅行，了解大自然。一天晚上，他做了一个梦。这是在他安排好的一次校外考察旅行之前一个星期发生的事。他梦见自己领着班上的学生走在一条乡间的小路上，路边就是教堂墓地。在梦里，布拉德利让两个男孩带队穿过教堂墓地。他自己走在队伍的末尾，以便让小一些的孩子保持前进。然而，就在他们穿过教堂墓地的时候，布拉德利感到地面在震动，接着他听见了巨大的断裂声。然后，有个黑乎乎的庞然大物朝他砸了过来。那是一棵巨大的榆树，正好砸在这队孩子们的头顶上。10 这个梦使布拉德利非常不安，他觉得应该取消这次外出。他把这个梦告诉了班上的学生，但是他们都觉得他很可笑，而且都不愿意取消这次旅行。甚至其他老师也笑话他，跟他说不应该让孩子们扫兴。于是布拉德利同意出行。“但是你们必须答应我，”他跟他们讲，“往哪儿走你们只能听我的。” 于是，他们出发了。当他们走到那条小路时，布拉德利不让孩子们绕道穿过教堂墓地。有些孩子觉得这样做很蠢，不过他们还是按老师说的做了。走到小路的尽头，他们面前是一座跨河的桥。年纪大一些的男孩子停下来问道：“老师，我们应该走哪条道？过河呢，还是走沿河的小路？” 布拉德利停住脚步。他对那条小路有一种古怪的感觉。“过桥，”他告诉他们。于是孩子们开始过桥。接着，布拉德利听到了可怕的断裂声，同自己在梦中听到的完全一样。他回头一看，只见就在那条小路边上，一棵巨大的榆树摇摇晃晃，倒在了地上。他的预感应验了。孩子们面面相觑，然后看着自己的老师。如果刚才他们走那条小路的话，那么此刻他们就正好在那棵榆树倒下来的位置。
课内阅读练习答案
Part One Preparation 1.Brainstorming Sample Sleepwalking, also known as somnambulism(梦游症), is a sleep disorder.Sleepwalkers arise from the slow-wave sleep stage in a state of low consciousness and perform activities that are usually performed during a state of full consciousness, such as sitting up in bed, walking to the bathroom, cleaning, etc.which may involve no harm or danger.Those who work with dreams of these sorts take the position that a dream may have a variety of meanings, depending on the levels that are being explored.Nightmare refers to a very frightening dream.It may also refer to unpleasant experiences.Recurring dreams refer to dreams people have from time to time.Dream catcher is a handmade object based on a willow hoop, on which is woven a loose net or web decorated with personal and sacred items such as feathers and beads.Originated in the culture of Ojibwa, one of the largest groups of Native Americans, a dream catcher is believed to be able to change a person’s dreams.Hung above the bed, it is traditionally used as a charm to protect sleeping children from nightmares.When it comes to the interpretation of dreams, the most well-known might be The Interpretation of Dreams, a book written by Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud.The book introduces Freud’s theory of the unconscious with respect to dream interpretation.In the book, he first demonstrates a psychological technique which makes it possible to interpret dreams.With the application of this technique, every dream will reveal itself as a psychological structure, full of significance, and one which may be assigned to a specific place in the psychic activities of the waking state.Further, he tries to explain the processes underlying the strangeness and obscurity of dreams, and to deduce from these processes the nature of the psychic forces whose conflict or cooperation is responsible for dreams.Freud’s view was that dreams were all forms of “wish fulfillment”, which means that the unconscious makes attempts to resolve a conflict of some sort.However, because the information in the unconscious is in an unruly and often disturbing form, a “censor” in the preconscious will not allow it to pass unaltered into the conscious.According to Freud, images in dreams are often not what they appear to be, and need deeper interpretation if they are to inform us of the structures of the unconscious.2.A Dream Poll Sample • I don’t think dreams can predict the future.I never take dreams seriously.To me, dreams are just meaningless nonsense.If someone claims that what they dreamed came true, it was only a coincidence.• Dreams can make me feel good.After a good night’s sleep and some sweet dreams, I feel happy and full of energy when I wake up in the morning.But of course, I don’t like terrible dreams which make me very tired.3.Talking About Your Dreams Sample A: How often do you dream? B: I dream almost every night.A: What sort of dreams do you have? Are they connected to your daily life? B: Yes, I always dream about things that are connected to my daily life.For example, after I play computer games for a long time, I dream of playing computer games.Sometimes, I can’t find a book, but then I dream that I have found it.A: Do you have recurring dreams? B: Yes, I often dream of having to take an exam I haven’t prepared for.A: Have you ever wondered about the meanings of your dreams? Do you have any satisfactory explanations for your dreams? B: I am curious about the meanings of my dreams, but I can’t come up with any explanations.A: Why do you think people dream? B: It’s hard to say.However, as a Chinese saying goes, “We think of something during the day, and we dream of it during the night.” I think when the body is at rest, the mind, probably a part of the brain, continues to work.That may be the reason why we dream.Part Two Reading-Centered Activities
In-Class Reading
Post-Reading Reading Comprehension 1.I Introduction: Questions concerning dreams have puzzled human beings.(Para.1)II Dreaming and sleeping(Paras.2-3)i Dreaming occurs when we are in a REM(Rapid Eye Movement)sleep.ii The main purposes of sleeping may be to allow us to rest and to dream.III Possible causes of dreams(Paras.4-6)i Physiological cause Example: Sleeping with one’s feet too close to a heater may cause one to dream of walking on hot coals.ii Reflection of inner fears Example: Worrying about losing one’s job may cause one to dream of losing one’s job.IV Dream interpretations(Paras.7-9)i The earliest dream dictionaries indicated that drinking wine predicted a short life and drinking water meant a long life.ii Artemidorus’ dictionary includes symbols such as right hand(father), left hand(mother)and dolphin(a good omen).iii Most experts warn that dream interpretations should be read with care.2.T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 F 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 F 10 F 3.Sample • I agree with Kenneth Saunders’ opinion.First, different people have different personalities, social backgrounds and experiences.Since dreams are kinds of subjective activities in one’s brain, different people may see the world in different ways.Second, I think to some extent, dreams are closely related to real life.So, you are likely to make mistakes if you try to interpret someone’s dreams without knowing what exactly the person has experienced.• I think it is possible to analyze a dream without knowing the dreamer.If we share the same language, culture and physical environment, we would have a lot in common, at least, for example, the nature of human beings.Of course, people have different ways of thinking, but it doesn’t mean we can’t understand each other.I’m very interested in learning about dreams and ways of interpreting dreams.Vocabulary 1 1 explanation 2 enthusiasts 3 frustrating 4 popularity 5 unconscious 6 electric / electrical 7 movements 8 recognizable 9 interpretation 10 countless 2 1 asleep 2 sleepless 3 sleep 4 sleepy 5 asleep 6 slept 7 sleeping, sleep 8 sleeper 9 sleep 10 overslept 3 1 submerged: go below the surface of the sea, river or lake（使）浸没，淹没 subculture: the behavior, practices, etc.associated with a group within a society 亚文化 3 submarine: a special type of ship which can travel under water 潜水艇 subway: the passage under ground along which pedestrians can pass 地下通道 5 subzero:(of temperatures)below zero 零度以下的 Subtropical: belonging to or relating to parts of the world that have warm and humid weather 副热带的，亚热带的 subspecies: a subdivision of a species（物种的）亚种 subnormal: below an average or expected standard, especially of intelligence 低于正常标准的 9 subdivided: divide the parts of sth.that has already been divided 再分，重分 subtitles: words shown at the bottom of a film or television picture to explain what is being said 4 mislead nonstop unprepared misunderstanding non-verbal non-existent nonprofit uncommon unfamiliarity uncover 1 uncovered 2 misunderstanding 3 nonprofit 4 unprepared 5 uncommon 6 non-verbal 7 nonstop 8 misled 9 non-existent 10 unfamiliarity 5 1 progressed 2 puzzled 3 process 4 reflected 5 predict 6 advances 7 symbol 8 conscious / aware 9 inner 10 mode Translation 1 You will see that what I am saying now will come true.2 When young people remain single, they are open to pressure from other people.3 The problem of unemployment is tied up with the development of new technology.4 His appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize him.5 The tour guide said that some castles date back to the 13th century.6 She has never done anything for them, whereas they have done everything they can for her.5 Part Three Further Development 1.Grammar Review 1 having ever had a chance / having ever been given a chance 2 to lock her door 3 visiting only once a month 4 to stay in full-time education 5 to phone you 6 trying to escape 7 to put their needs first 8 reading 9 to build / building the house 10 to be so rude to him 2.Vocabulary Review 1
A natural: not involving anything made by people 天然的，自然的
B neutral: a neutral color is not very strong or bright 暗淡的，不鲜艳的 C natural: to be expected;usual 合乎情理的，惯常的
D neutral: not supporting any of the people or groups involved in an argument or disagreement 中立的，不偏不倚的 2 A shattered:(cause to)break suddenly into very small pieces（使）粉碎
B crashing: hit sth.or sb.extremely hard while moving, in a way that causes a lot of damage or makes a lot of noise 撞击
C crack:(cause to)break without dividing into separate parts（使）开裂 D crash: an accident in which a vehicle violently hits sth.else 碰撞 3
A ancient: of or from a long time ago, having lasted for a very long time, or very old 古代的，远古的，古老的
B early: near the beginning of a period of time 早期的，初期的
C previous: happening or existing before the one mentioned 先前的，以前的
D ancient:(informal)when you say “sth.is ancient history”, you mean it happened long time ago and is not important now 从前的（事）4 A sign: an event, fact, etc.which shows that sth.exists or is happening 迹象，征兆 B symbol: a shape or design that is used to represent sth.such as an idea 象征
C signal: a sound or action that you make in order to give information to sb.or tell them to do sth.信号
D signs / symbols: a standard mark that is used to represent sth.符号，记号 5
A view: state of seeing or being seen from a particular place 视野 B vision: ability to see;eyesight 视力
C vision: an imagined mental picture of sth.想象，幻想
D outlook: your general attitude toward life and the world（对生活、世界的）观点，见解
E view: personal opinion or attitude 观点，看法 6
A errors / mistakes: things done incorrectly through ignorance or wrong judgment 错误，失误 B fault: if sth.bad that has happened is your fault, you should be blamed for it 过错 C error: a moral wrong 道德上的错误
D fault: sth.that is wrong with a machine, system, design, etc, which prevents it from working properly 故障
E mistake: “by mistake” is a fixed phrase, if you do sth.by mistake, you do it without intending to 错误地（并非故意）7
A confused: unable to think clearly 被弄糊涂的
B confusing: difficult to understand;puzzling 令人迷惑的
C confusion: a situation in which sb.wrongly thinks that a person or thing is sb.or sth.混淆 D confuse: mistake one person or thing for another 混淆 8
A conscious: noticing the existence or presence of sth.particular 意识到的，知道的 B unconscious: in the state of having lost consciousness 失去知觉的
C subconscious: present at a hidden level of the mind 潜意识的，下意识的
D consciousness: the state of being awake, thinking and aware of what is happening around you 意识，神志清醒 3.Interpreting Dreams Sample 1 Her dream tells her that she would feel the same about herself as she does about the sow if she did not control her eating.The dream reflects her inner conflicts between two desires: to be on diet and to indulge herself.Subconsciously the former seems to take the upper hand over the latter.2 It seems that Sara is still in love with her ex-boyfriend, although she thinks she has got over him.Now that he has a new girlfriend, she is quite conscious that she has lost him for good.The death of her ex-boyfriend is an indication of her determination of forgetting him and starting a new life.The symbol of the car accident is a good omen, implying good health of her ex.3 The poor condition of the car is an indication of poor health, poor academic or business performance.Falling down a cliff means Peter was riding in a wrong direction and failed to end up well.In this context, the dream is suggesting that Peter was doing something dangerous, and he had troubles either physically or academically.4.Describing a Dream Sample One night, I woke up from a dream to check my watch.It said 1:00 pm and it was very bright outside.I was very scared since that morning was my first day of school for the new semester, and I was supposed to wake up before 7:00 am.Oversleeping to 1:00 pm would have been terrible!I tried to get up and get out of bed.But I was unable to...instead, I went back to sleep again, and continued with my dream.Finally, I woke up and checked my watch.It was only 5:00 am, two hours before the time for me to get up for class.It was still dark outside.Not until then did I realize that the earlier checking of my watch had happened in a dream.Additional activity 1.Remembering Your Dreams STEP ONE In a short paragraph, write down the details of a dream that you once had.If you can’t remember a dream, invent one.STEP TWO Tell your dream to your partner.When you have finished, check whether other classmates can remember all the details.Your partner uses a question tag and you use short answers.Example: Partner: In your dream you were eating a giant ice-cream, weren’t you? You: Yes, I was.Partner: Suddenly it began to melt, didn’t it? You: Yes, it did.2.Four Kinds of Dreams STEP ONE Provide the features of the four categories that dreams usually fall into.1 Daily Processing: Most dreams fall in the realm of “daily processing”, clearing the garbage from our minds—dumping input from the day that’s no longer needed.We don’t remember most of these dreams, and those we do remember can usually be easily related to our lives.2 Problem-solving: “Problem-solving” dreams are just what you might think—your subconscious knows all—it knows your problems and it knows how to solve them.If the subconscious thinks its solution is important enough, up pops a problem-solving dream.We don’t always remember these dreams, but our conscious mind does and acts on them directly and, like our daily processing dreams, we can normally interpret them for ourselves.3 Psychological: For most of us, these dreams are about our relationships, past sufferings, our fears and anxieties, guilt and resentment.In these “psychological dreams”, we’re not solving a problem or making a decision, we’re simply facing something about ourselves or our current situation that’s probably been holding us back.Some of these dreams, especially those that are repetitive, require interpretation.Some repetitive dreams may first be defined as psychological in nature, but are actually indicative of physical problems that require medical attention.4 Precognitive: “Precognitive” dreams deliver psychic information.You dream about a friend and then see them the next day, or you dream your sister is pregnant and she is!For most of us, precognitive dreams aren’t so obvious because our ego shadows our psychic information with symbols.Precognitive dreams can often be identified by their quality: The light is strange, or you clearly feel that you’re in another dimension.Objects are oddly shaped or made of unusual materials.These dreams are almost always worth recording and tracking for they will be rich with information, much of which presented in symbols.STEP TWO Students work in groups to describe their dreams in turn.After each description, the other members in the group work together to determine which of the categories the dream belongs to.STEP THREE Choose the most interesting dream from the group and present it to the class.Part Four
Writing and Translation 2.Translation Practice 梦是心灵的谈话
我们人类至今尚未开启通往梦的世界的大门。尽管我们很多人都意识到了做梦的价值，希望了解我们在梦境中的活动，但大多数人仍觉得人在睡眠中就像进入梦幻世界一样。有些人认为梦中的生活跟醒着的生活一样真实，而且在积极寻找方法控制睡眠时的思维活动，然而很少有人会将清醒时发生的事情跟梦中发生的事情联系在一起。心理学家和心理玄学家在20世纪90年代普遍认为，我们的梦境包含着日常生活的内容。因此，学习去记忆并“挖掘”我们的梦是非常有用的。许多重要的科学发现就来源于梦境中发生的事件。3.Writing Sample A Nightmare I grew up in the country and life was hard at that time.I used to share a small bed with my younger brother.We would often fight for space.One night, I had a terrible dream.In the dream, our village was occupied by foreign invaders.The invaders were taking away property and children from households.They set houses on fire and killed anyone who did not obey them.I managed to hide in a pile of hay.I could hear my heart thumping when I saw some foreign soldiers coming toward our house.I couldn’t see them clearly because my eyes were covered with hay.I could hear them coming nearer and talking angrily, but I didn’t understand anything they said.Just then, I realized that one of my arms was not fully covered.I wanted to hide it but I dared not move.Then one of the soldiers discovered me.I was almost frightened to death, but still I didn’t move.Then I felt a severe pain on my left arm.I was wounded by a soldier with a sword.I woke up and realized that I had just had a nightmare.But my left arm was hurting.My brother’s leg had been pressing on my arm.
第二篇：新编大学英语Unit2课文翻译及课后练习答案
Unit 2 Myths and Legends In-Class Reading Why the Tortoise’s Shell Is Not Smooth
为什么乌龟的背壳凹凸不平从远处他妻子们的那些小木屋里传来的低声细语，时不时地被歌声打断，但是奥康瓦还是听到了，这是妻子们同各自的孩子在讲民间故事。爱克蔚菲和她的女儿爱金玛坐在一块小地毯上。现在，轮到爱克蔚菲讲故事了。霎时，低声细语静了下来，所有的眼睛都转向她们最喜欢的故事能手。2 “很久以前”，她开始讲道，“所有的鸟儿都被邀请到天上赴宴。它们非常高兴，开始为这盛大的日子做准备。它们用颜料把自己的身体涂成深红色并画上漂亮的图案。“乌龟看到了所有这些准备活动，并很快了解了事情的来龙去脉。动物界里发生的任何事都逃不过他的眼睛，（因为）他狡黠无比，诡计多端。他一听说这一天上的盛宴，不禁垂涎三尺。那些日子正在闹饥荒，乌龟已经有两个月没好好吃一顿饭了。他的身体就像一段枯柴棍在空荡荡的躯壳里咔咔作响。于是他稳扎稳打地开始计划如何能到天上去。” 4 “但是他没有翅膀呀，”爱金玛说。5 “别性急，”她母亲回答道，“故事（的关键）就在这里。乌龟没有翅膀，但他去找鸟儿们，请求能跟他们一起去。” 6 “‘我们太了解你了，’鸟儿们听了他的请求后说道。‘你诡计多端并且忘恩负义。如果我们答应你，你马上就会施展诡计。我们老早就把你看透了。’ 7 “‘你们不了解我，’乌龟说。‘我已经脱胎换骨了，不再是你们以前所知道的那个捣蛋鬼了。相反，我现在既体贴又善良。我已经认识到，给别人制造麻烦的人就是在给自己制造麻烦。放心吧，我保证不给你们增添任何麻烦。’ “乌龟巧舌如簧，没过多久，所有的鸟儿都一致认为，他确实已经脱胎换骨了，于是每只鸟儿都给了他一根羽毛，用这些羽毛，乌龟做了两只色彩绚丽的翅膀。“最后，这盛大的日子终于来到了，乌龟第一个到达了集合地点。等所有的鸟儿都来齐了，他们就一块儿动身。乌龟飞在鸟儿们中间，非常高兴，而且由于他擅长演说，很快就被推选为大伙儿的发言人。10 “‘有件重要的事我们绝不能忘记，’他在飞行途中说道。‘当人们被邀请参加类似于这样的盛宴时，要特意给自己取个新名字。天上的主人们一定也希望我们能遵循这一古***俗。’ “鸟儿们谁也没听说过这一习俗，但他们知道，尽管乌龟在其它方面不怎么样，却到过许多地方，知晓不同民族的风俗习惯。于是他们每人都取了一个新名字。等他们全都取好了，乌龟也取了一个。他的新名字叫‘你们大家’。“最后群鸟飞到了天上，那儿的主人们见到他们非常高兴。乌龟穿着他那五彩的羽衣，起身对主人们的邀请深表谢意。他的讲话如此得体，所有的鸟儿都很庆幸把他带了来，对他所说的一切都点头赞同。主人们把他当成了鸟儿们的国王，尤其是因为他看起来有那么点儿与众不同。13 “精选出来的各种果仁呈上来吃完之后，天上的人们在客人们面前摆上了乌龟从未见过或梦到过的美味佳肴。汤刚从炉子上烧好就连着罐子热气腾腾地端上来了，里面全是肉和鱼。乌龟开始很响地嗅气。有甜薯泥以及用棕榈油和鲜鱼一起煮成的甜薯汤，还有一坛坛棕榈酒。等所有的菜肴在客人们面前摆好后，有一位天上的人走上前来，把每样菜肴都尝一口。然后他请鸟儿们进餐。但这时乌龟一跃而起，问道：‘你们是为谁准备的这个宴会？’
“‘为你们大家啊，’那个人回答道。15 “乌龟转向鸟儿们说：‘你们该记得，我的名字就是“你们大家”。这儿的习俗是先请发言人吃，然后才轮到其他人。我吃完以后，他们会请你们吃的。’ “他开始大吃起来，鸟儿们则私下里生气地抱怨着。天上的人还以为把所有的食物让国王吃是鸟儿们的习俗。就这样，乌龟吃掉了最好的食物，还喝了两坛棕榈酒，于是酒足饭饱了，他的身体胀得胖鼓鼓的，把整个龟壳都撑圆了。“鸟儿们围拢来吃些残羹剩饭，啄着他扔在地上的骨头。有一些鸟儿气得什么都没吃，他们宁可空着肚子飞回去。但是离开前，每只鸟儿都向乌龟要回了各自借给他的那根羽毛。乌龟站在那儿，身上只剩了一个硬壳，里面满是佳肴美酒，却没了可飞回家的翅膀。他请求鸟儿们捎个口信给他的妻子，但被大家拒绝了。最后，最生乌龟气的鹦鹉，突然改变了主意，同意替他带个口信。18 “‘告诉我的妻子，’乌龟说道，‘把家里所有软的东西都拿出来，铺在地上，这样我就可以从天上跳下去，而不至于摔伤了。’ “鹦鹉满口答应一定把这个口信带到，然后窃笑着飞走了。然而，当他飞到乌龟家时，却告诉乌龟的妻子把家里所有硬的、尖的家伙都拿出来。于是乌龟的妻子就尽心尽责地把丈夫的锄头，刀子，长矛，枪甚至他的大炮都搬了出来。乌龟从天上往下看，看到他的妻子正往外搬东西，但相距太远了看不清是些什么。当一切似乎都已准备妥当时，他就纵身一跳。他掉啊，掉啊，掉，直到他开始担心自己会这样一直不停地掉下去。然后，他重重地摔到了地上，那声响就跟他的大炮轰鸣一样。” 20 “他死了吗？”爱金玛问道。21 “没有，”爱克蔚菲回答说。“他的背壳摔成了好几百块碎片。不过，那附近有一个医术高明的行医者。乌龟的妻子就派人把他请来，这位行医者把所有的碎片捡拢来，粘在一起。这就是为什么乌龟的背壳凹凸不平的原因了。”
After-Class Reading
Beauty and the Beast
美女与野兽 从前有一位非常富有的商人，他有六个孩子，三个儿子和三个女儿。他满足女儿想要的一切，但是，除了小女儿，两个大女儿都非常自高自大，被宠坏了。小女儿名叫“美女”。她既美丽又温柔，两个姐姐为此嫉妒得不得了。2 在一个倒霉的日子里，商人得知自己损失了所有的钱，全家人被迫从城里的豪宅搬到乡下一个小房子去住。三个儿子立即帮助父亲张罗外面的琐事。可怜的美女，向来都是仆人照料她的起居。现在她不得不在日出前起床，生火、做饭、打扫屋子。但是她很快适应了这种生活。她说：“哭不会改善现状。我必须努力让自己快乐起来。”然而，她的两个姐姐则每天睡到正午，并且还为美女不像她俩一样痛苦而生气。一年后，这位父亲收到一封信，告知他有一艘失综的船已被找到，并已满载货物而归。全家人都很高兴，因为他们又要变得富有了。在商人离家前，两个大女儿恳求父亲给她们带回各种各样珍贵的首饰和漂亮衣服。“那么我的美女想要什么呢?”父亲问道。“哦，我什么都不需要，但是如果您能带给我一朵玫瑰，我会非常感激的，”她说。当然，美女并不需要玫瑰，只是她想，为了不使自己看上去似乎在批评两个姐姐的贪婪，她最好得要点什么。4 商人来到了港口，但是天哪，船已经沉没了，结果他依然贫穷如前。回家时他在森林里迷了路，并且天开始下起雪来。“我会冻死的，或者被狼吃掉，再也看不到我亲爱的孩子们了，”他伤心地想着。突然，他看到一所富丽堂皇的豪宅，里面灯火通明。他敲了敲门，但 2 没人答应。他走进去，却发现壁炉里炉火正旺，一张桌子上摆满美味佳肴。他等了很长时间，等着主人露面，但是没有人来。他饿极了，于是他最后（忍不住）吃了一点食物。然后他找到一间卧室，并很快在那儿睡着了。第二天早晨他惊讶地发现一套崭新的衣服摆在他面前，一顿新做的早餐等着他去享用。“这儿一定是仙女们住的城堡，” 他想，因此他大声喊了声“谢谢你们”，然后离开了。他惊讶地看到雪已经消失得无影无踪，面前有一个可爱的花园，里面长满了玫瑰花丛。“我只摘一朵玫瑰，给我的美女，”他说，但当他折下玫瑰时却听到了一声很可怕的声音。他看到一头丑陋的怪兽对他说，“忘恩负义的人！我救了你的命，你却偷我的玫瑰来报答我。你必须死!”但是商人乞求野兽看在他孩子们的份上不要杀他。野兽在听说了美女和她要求得到一朵玫瑰的故事之后似乎有了兴趣。“那么你必须叫她到这儿来代替你。给你三个月的时间。回家去，如果她不愿来，那你必须回来。但是我不会让你空着手离开的。到你房间去，你会发现一箱金子，”野兽说。“好吧，如果我必须得死，至少我不会让我的孩子们身无分文，”这位父亲想，于是他带着一箱金子回到了家。5 “给，美女，”他说，“给你这朵玫瑰。你不知道这朵玫瑰将怎样使你不幸的父亲丢掉性命。”于是他把遭遇野兽的事说了一遍。美女立刻坚持要去野兽家，以此来救她父亲一命,而且不愿听任何劝阻。在离开家的那一天，她的姐姐们用洋葱抹眼睛，为她的离开并且很可能丢掉性命而假装悲伤。7 当商人和美女到达那所宫殿时，灯火依旧通明。火旺旺地烧着，桌子上摆满了精美佳肴。“哦，野兽想先把我养肥了再杀死我，”美女想。尽管害怕，为了父亲她仍然表现得振作而又勇敢。突然他们听到一个可怕的声音，野兽出现了。“你是心甘情愿到这儿来的吗?”野兽问。“是的，”美女哆嗦着说。“好，那就和你的父亲道别吧。”悲痛欲绝的商人就这样被迫离开女儿回家了。美女肯定野兽会在那天晚上把她吃掉。（因此）当她发现卧室门的上方有一块刻着“美女房间”的金牌子时非常惊讶。房间里到处是华丽的家俱，书架上排列着所有她爱看的书。还有一架钢琴供她弹奏。在有一本书里还写着：
欢迎美女，不要害怕，你是这儿的王后、这儿的主人。
说出你的愿望，说出你的意愿，你的心愿，马上就会实现。“这一切都这么豪华，我想野兽不会很快吃掉我的，”她说，于是她不太害怕了。10 第二天晚上野兽来到餐桌前说，“美女，让我看着你吃饭，好吗? 如果我在场会打扰你，我就离开。告诉我，你是否觉得我很丑?” 美女说，“是的，”因为她不会说谎，但她补充说：“但我认为你心地非常善良。”他们交谈着，美女开始感觉镇定多了。这时，野兽说，“美女，你愿意嫁给我吗?”尽管美女不想让野兽生气，但她还是说，“不愿意”。野兽开始哀号并且伤心地说，“那么，再见，美女，”然后离开了。三个月的时间里，每天吃晚饭时都发生同样的事情。美女开始期待这些见面，而且因野兽的丑陋所引起的恐惧感也消失了，但是每天晚上，在离开之前，野兽都问同样的问题：“美女，你愿意嫁给我吗?” “哦，野兽，我要是能同意嫁给你就好了。我会永远把你当作我很要好的朋友，但是我并不爱你。”
“但是你能答应永远不离开我吗?”野兽问。
“哦，野兽，我非常担心我亲爱的父亲，我也非常想他。” 15
“啊，那你会离开我，而我这个野兽会伤心死的。” 16
“哦，不，”美女说道，“如果你让我去看望我父亲一次，我一定会回来和你永远生活在一起。”
“你明天就会在家里了，”野兽说。“但是记住，当你想回到我这儿时，你必须在上床睡觉前把戒指放在桌子上。” 第二天早晨，当美女醒来时，发觉自己已在父亲家里，而且房间里满是一箱箱的金子和漂亮高雅的绸缎礼服，都是野兽送给她的。除了两个狠心的姐姐，所有人见了她都十分高兴。两个姐姐嫉妒难耐，却装作非常高兴，请求妹妹能住多久就住多久。第十天晚上美女做了一个梦，梦中她看见野兽躺在花园里，快要死了。她从梦中哭醒过来。“哦，我多么忘恩负义啊！他长得丑陋是他的错吗? 他一直对我那样温和，那样慷慨。原先我为什么不同意嫁给他呢?” 于是她下床，把戒指放到桌上，然后又回到床上睡着了。第二天早晨醒来时她已在野兽的城堡里了。她穿上最漂亮的礼服，等待野兽到来。晚饭过后，野兽仍然没有露面，这时她想起了那个梦，急忙跑到花园里，发现野兽躺在地上，就要死了。她俯身伏在他身上，抱着他大哭。“哦，野兽，请不要死!活下来做我的丈夫。”她一说完这些话，只见眼前光芒闪耀，还有音乐声，她看到的不是丑陋不堪的野兽，而是她所能见到的最英俊的王子。王子被一个邪恶的女巫用可怕的符咒把他镇住，美女把它解除了，王子向她表示感谢。接着，出现了一位拿着魔杖的仙女，然后是美女的全家人。仙女微笑着说，“美女，你做了一个聪明的选择，（因为）你选取了美德而不是美貌。从今以后，你要和王子一起幸福地生活了。” 然后仙女转向美女的两个姐姐说，“你们两个满心嫉妒的人，你们将变作两个石像但却仍具有思考能力。你们将站在美女城堡的门前，看着她每天幸福地生活，直到你们死去的那一天，这是对你们的惩罚。”
课内阅读练习答案
Part One Preparation
1.An Argument about the Sun Sample 1)Both the children are wrong.The sun gives out almost the same amount of heat at any time of the year.We feel sometimes it is hotter, and sometimes it is cooler only because the angle between the sunlight and the surface of the earth varies constantly.That the sun seems bigger at daybreak is an optical illusion.When it appears on the horizon, only a small part of the sky is bright enough to be seen against it.This makes the sun seem bigger.But when it’s high up in the sky, it seems smaller with the huge bright sky against it.That it is cooler in the morning than at midday is not because of the change of the distance between the sun and the earth.It is because of the change of the angle between the sunlight and the surface of the earth.We don’t feel very hot in the morning because less sunlight is received per unit of area when the angle is smaller.But as time passes, more and more sunlight per unit of area penetrates the atmosphere and reaches us, so we feel hotter at midday.2)Confucius was knowledgeable, but not a genius.We can’t expect him to know everything.Everyone has his or her limitations.Another reason is that at that time science was not as developed as it is today and people didn’t have advanced equipment to do research on the sun and the earth.So it was difficult to understand or explain many natural phenomena.3)
―I think Confucius was honest.He didn’t pretend to know the answer.―No one is perfect.One may be an expert in one field, but a novice in other fields.―The children were very curious, a good quality of theirs.But they only saw one side of the phenomenon and then jumped to conclusions.One should consider different aspects before drawing any conclusions.―Children seldom pretend.They do what they want and they say what occurs to them.The two children in the story laughed at Confucius because he could not answer their questions though he was supposed to be a wise man.Adults are less likely to do these kinds of things.2.Chinese Fables
Three at Dusk and Four at Dawn
In the state of Song there was a man who was very fond of monkeys and kept a large number of them.He could understand the monkeys and they could understand him.In order to satisfy the monkeys’ demands, he reduced the food consumption of his family.After a while his family did not have enough to eat, so he wanted to limit the food for his monkeys.But he was afraid the monkeys would not submit to him.So he played a trick on them.“If I give you three chestnuts in the morning and four in the evening, would that be enough?” he asked the monkeys.All the monkeys rose up in a fury.After a short time he said, “If I give you four chestnuts in the morning and three in the evening, would that be enough?”
All the monkeys lay on the floor, happy and satisfied with this proposal.Moral of the story: I think that we can learn two things from the story.First, we should look at the whole picture when we are dealing with a problem, instead of just one side of the problem.If we can’t have a whole view of the problem, we might be fooled by something superficial and can never find the truth.Second, we should be consistent in what we are doing.We should not change our attitude, manner or method from time to time when we are doing a particular job.His Spear Against His Shield In the state of Chu there was a man who had a spear and a shield for sale.He was loud in praises of his shield.“My shield is so strong that nothing can pierce it through.”
He also sang praises of his spear.“My spear is so strong that it can pierce through anything.”
“What would happen,” he was asked, “if your spear is used to pierce your shield?”
He was unable to give an answer.It is impossible for an impenetrable shield to coexist with a spear that finds nothing impenetrable.Moral of the story: This story tells us that we should be logical in what we are talking about.One can not exaggerate too much what he is capable of.Otherwise, he will be laughed at by others.Moreover, one should be honest with other people.A Matter of Dignity
There was a great famine in the state of Qi.Qian Ao, a rich man in Qi, prepared food by the roadside for the hungry to come and eat.Along came a starving man, his sleeves covering his head, his hempen(麻制的)sandals held together by string, walking as if he did not know where he was going.With food in his left hand and drink in his right, Qian Ao shouted at him.“Hey you!Come and eat!”
The man looked up and stared at Qian.“I’m reduced to this state just because I refuse to take anything from loud-mouthed(高谈阔论的, 叽里呱啦的)people giving away food,” he said.Qian immediately begged his pardon but the man still refused to eat and eventually starved to death.Moral of the story: Dignity is more important than anything else.One may lose his life but not his dignity.Today, so many people, in order to reach certain positions or win some titles, give up their conscience or dignity.On the other hand, everyone should respect other people, poor or rich.Only when we are full of respect for other people will we earn other people’s respect.Then the whole society will be in harmony.3.Matching Pictures
1.Aphrodite
2.Ares
3.Hephaestus 4.Artemis 5.Demeter 6.Dionysus
7.Poseidon 8.Athena 9.Apollo
10.Hermes 11.Hera 12.Zeus
Extra exercise: Bedtime Stories
Directions: Of all the bedtime stories your grandparents or parents told you when you were a little child, which one was the most interesting? Share your favorite story with the other members in your group.Sample
Long long ago there were two brothers.The elder brother was rich, but the younger brother was poor.They made a living by cutting wood in the forest.One day when the younger brother was crossing a bridge, his iron axe fell into the water.He was very sad and began to cry.At that time an old man appeared.After he knew what happened, he dove into the water and brought a silver axe to the younger brother, but the younger brother said, “No, this isn’t mine.Mine is made of iron.” Again the old man dove into the water, and brought a gold axe to him.But again he said this wasn’t his.The old man was very happy with this because the younger brother was honest and not greedy.So he gave the younger brother the gold axe.After the younger brother got home, he told all this to his elder brother.On hearing the story the elder brother went to the same bridge and dropped his iron axe into the water.The old man appeared too and dove into the water after knowing what happened.He brought a silver axe to the elder brother, but the elder brother said this wasn’t his, his was a gold one.The old man was very unhappy and brought him a gold axe unwillingly.The elder brother went back home with the gold axe, but as soon as he was home, he became a statue, as a result of the magic power of the gold axe.Part Two Reading-Centered Activities
In-Class Reading
Post-Reading
Reading Comprehension
1.1)Because they were invited to a feast in the sky.2)He saw the birds were busy preparing.3)He planned to go to the feast/sky with the birds.4)They didn’t agree because Tortoise was mischievous, cunning and ungrateful.5)With a sweet tongue, he convinced the birds that he was a changed man.6)He made two wings with all the feathers he got from each bird.7)All of You.8)Nuts, meat and fish soup, pounded yam, yam soup, palm wine, etc.9)For whom have you prepared this feast?
10)Because he knew the answer would be “For all of you”, which was his new name.So he could enjoy all the food first.11)They were very angry.12)They took back the feathers they had lent him.13)He asked them to take a message to his wife.14)Parrot, because he wanted to take advantage of the chance to get revenge.15)He asked Parrot to tell his wife to bring out all the soft things in his house to cover the ground with them so that he would be able to land safely.But Parrot told his wife to bring out all the hard and sharp, not the soft, things instead.16)His shell was broken into hundreds of pieces.2.Ekwefi is telling a story about Tortoise.Long long ago, all the birds got an invitation from the sky to attend a feast there.Tortoise learned about it and with his sweet tongue he persuaded the birds to take him with them and so each bird lent him a feather.Tortoise cunningly thought of an idea that enabled him to have all the food before anyone else by naming himself “All of You.” When they reached the sky, they received a warm welcome and soon the food was presented to them.Then he asked one of the people in the sky: “For whom have you prepared all this feast?” The man replied: “For all of you.” So he ate almost all the best food.The birds became very angry and took back their feathers before flying home.Without feathers, he had to jump onto the ground and his shell was broken into pieces.3.Acting out the Story Sample Bird A: How exciting!All of us are invited to the feast in the sky.Bird B: I just can’t wait.What do you think I should wear? Tortoise: Hello.Good morning.What are you excited about? Bird A: Didn’t you know that we are going to the sky? Bird B: And we are going to have a big dinner.What fun!
Tortoise: How nice it is.What lucky guys.May I go with you? I’m sure we’ll have a lot of fun.Bird A: Yes, we’ll have great fun, but not you.We know you too well.You are full of cunning and you are ungrateful.Bird B: If we allow you to come with us, you will soon begin your mischief.Bird A: We know you of old.Tortoise: You don’t know me now.I’m a changed man.I am not the mischievous man you once knew.In fact, I am thoughtful and well-meaning.I have learned that a man who makes trouble for others is also making trouble for himself.Rest assured, I promise you I will not cause you any trouble.Bird A:(Talking to Bird B)Maybe he is a changed man now.Let’s talk to our bird friends and see if we will take him with us.(After a brief discussion with all the other birds)Bird B: OK.Tortoise, now we all agreed to take you to the sky.Each of us will lend you a feather so that you can have two wings to fly.(During the flight to the party)Bird A: Tortoise is a great orator!
Bird B: Let’s make him the spokesperson for the party.Tortoise: Did you know that we need a new name when we are invited to a great feast like this? It is an age-old custom and our hosts in the sky will expect us to honor it.Bird A: We haven’t heard of this before.But as you are such a learned man, if you say this, we will choose a new name.I will call myself Good-Looking.Bird B: I am Smart-Ass.Tortoise: And my new name is All of You.(On their arrival at the sky)Sky people: Welcome to the sky, our dear friends.We are so pleased to see you again.Please make yourselves at home.Tortoise: My dear respected friends, thank you so much for inviting us to the sky.Nothing can make us happier than this.It is our greatest honor to be here and have a good time with you.Sky people: Thank you for your nice words.Now please help yourselves to the nuts.Bird A: Tortoise is really eloquent, isn’t he? I’m glad we decided to bring him with us.Bird B: Yes.And these are delicious nuts.Sky people: Now the dinner is ready.Please enjoy the soup, meat, fish and pounded yam.Here is palm wine, too.Tortoise: Just a moment.Let me ask you first.For whom have you prepared this feast? Sky people: For whom? Why? For all of you, of course.Tortoise(To the birds): You remember that my name is All of You.The custom here is to serve the spokesman first and the others later.They will serve you when I finish.Sky people(To themselves): Looks like it is their custom to leave all the food to their king first.Tortoise: Mm.Yummy.Mm.I’m full now.You can start to eat.Bird A: We should never bring him here.I am too angry to eat.I’m going home.Bird B: Wait.I am leaving, too.Take the feather from him with us.Tortoise: What are you doing? Leave me the feather.Oh, how am I going home without a single feather? You can’t do this to me!Birds: Bye.Tortoise: Could someone take a message for my wife? Tell her to bring out everything soft and cover the ground…
4.Taking Sides Samples 1)—I don’t admire Tortoise’s cleverness.Actually he was unwise to cheat the birds.After his mischievous behavior, how could he face them and stay together with them? He would have no friends at all.He was clever in a way, but he was very stupid.For example, when all the birds became so angry, how could he have trusted Parrot? He should have jumped into the sea instead of landing on the ground to avoid being hurt.— I admire Tortoise’s cleverness.He was a guy who knew where to look for a nice dinner during time of famine.He knew very well how to have the birds trust him.He was also quick-minded.His only mistake was that he should not be so greedy as not to leave any nice food for the birds.— I sympathize with the birds.They took Tortoise with them to the sky out of kindness, but after flying such a long distance, they had to fly back home on an empty stomach.They were formally invited, but didn’t enjoy the food prepared for them.On the other hand, Tortoise invited himself, went to the sky with the help of all the birds and selfishly ate almost all the delicious food.I think the birds were very unlucky.—I think the birds are stupid.They knew very well that Tortoise couldn’t be trusted as he was always mischievous.But they persuaded themselves that he was a changed man.At the party they should have let the sky people know Tortoise was not their king and they had the right to enjoy the nice food, as they were the guests the sky people had invited.2)The story teaches us that a)we should be honest, and shouldn’t cheat others at any time.If we cheat others, we will be punished in the end;b)we shouldn’t be carried away by sweet words, like the birds;c)a leopard can’t change its spots.Since Tortoise was cunning, he could never change his personality and behave himself.Vocabulary
1.1)A.invitation
B.invited
C.inviting
2)A.prepare
B.prepared
C.preparation
D.preparatory/preparation
3)A.discoveries
B.discoverers C.discovered
4)A.approval
B.approve C.approved D.approving E.disapprove
5)A.eloquent
B.eloquence C.eloquently
6)A.faithful
B.unfaithful/faithless C.faith D.faithfully
7)A.occasional B.occasionally C.occasion
8)A.delivery B.delivering C.delivered
9)A.troublesome/trouble B.troubled C.troubled D.troubling
10)A.assurance B.assured C.assure
2.1)ran/got into trouble 2)no trouble
3)asking for trouble
4)have…trouble
5)The trouble with
6)in serious/deep/big trouble
7)get/getting…into trouble
8)took the trouble 3.1)with a pattern of roses 2)prepared a wonderful/good meal for us 3)promised faithfully 4)deliver this letter
5)a selection of milk and plain chocolate 6)keep out of mischief/behave themselves 7)the sound of distant thunder
8)received approval from the government 9)in spite of the fact that he drank too much 10)agree whether the drug is safe or not
Part Three Further Development 1.Enriching Your Word Power
1)C
2)C
3)A
4)B
5)A
6)B
7)A
8)B
9)A
10)A 2.Myths and Moral
1)--Virtue will be rewarded.For example, Beauty is a kind-hearted and sweet girl.She loves her father and is willing to sacrifice herself for him.Finally she is rewarded with a happy marriage and a happy life.On the other hand, the evil sisters are punished by the fairy.They become two statues that have to observe Beauty’s happiness painfully.--A good heart is more important than appearance.Although the Beast is very ugly, he loves Beauty and has a kind heart.In the end he wins the heart of Beauty and the spell on him is broken by Beauty’s love.2)--Nothing can be gained without effort or hardship.If you want to succeed or make achievements, you have to face and overcome difficulties, or even great dangers.Tang Seng, Monkey and others had gone through eighty-one great dangers or hardships before they could obtain and bring home the authentic version of the Buddha’s teachings.--A person’s strength, skills and judgments are the guarantee of success.Without Monkey King, Tang Seng couldn’t have fetched the Buddha’s teachings.Unlike Tang Seng’s other followers, Monkey developed his martial arts and skills and became so strong that almost no one could defeat him.3.Finding Their Similarities and Differences 1)Similarities:
A.Both of them look like animals and are endowed with human intelligence.B.Both of them have a happy ending.The Beast marries a kind-hearted and beautiful girl and changes back into a handsome prince;Monkey succeeds in getting the Buddha’s teachings and becomes enlightened.His golden band is gone, and he no longer has to be under other people’s control.C.Both of them have a bond.The Beast is under a spell cast by a witch, while Monkey is wearing a golden band which tightens whenever he is mischievous.2)Differences: A.The Beast is actually a real human being.He becomes a beast only because of the witch’s spell, while Monkey is still a monkey though he is finally enlightened.B.They have different personalities.The Beast is gentle, generous, patient, loyal and thoughtful.He was persistent in his love for Beauty.The Monkey is capable, invulnerable, ambitious, brave, and intelligent.3)A.I like the Beast more, because he is loyal and loving.He is very kind and patient to Beauty.He loves Beauty so much that he will die for her.B.I like Monkey more, because he enjoys many magic skills and weapons.I wish I could have those.He is not only brave, but also loyal and obedient to Tang Seng.He goes through eighty-one dangers and helps Tang Seng get the Buddha’s teachings.4.Completing the Story 1)the true reason why there was no such animal in Guizhou 2)they were of no use at all in this place 3)All of a sudden when he saw the donkey, he thought it was a monster 4)He hid himself in the trees while looking at the donkey 5)What kind of animal is this and why does it look different from other animals that I’ve seen? 6)But one day the donkey stretched its thin neck and cried 7)the tiger discovered that the donkey didn’t have any other skills besides crying/had no other skills than crying 8)But he dared not rush to it or eat it just as he did to other animals 9)This did irritate the donkey/make the donkey angry, who raised its hind leg and kicked the tiger 10)
This time he rushed to it without hesitation and bit/broke its throat
5.To Be a Good Story-teller
The Princess and the Pea
Once there was a prince who wanted to marry a real princess.But he had difficulty telling what a real princess looked like.One night there was a terrible storm.Suddenly there was a knock at the door.A young girl was standing in the rain.She said she was a real princess but she looked ugly because of the rain dripping from her hair and clothes.“We’ll see whether she is a real one or not,” the old empress thought to herself.She put a pea on the bed and then put twenty mattresses and twenty padded quilts on it.The princess then slept in this bed.The next morning, people asked her whether she had a good sleep.She answered: “It was terrible.Who knows what was on the bed? I slept on a very hard thing and I am bruised all over my body.”
Now everybody was sure that she was a real princess, because she could feel the pea under twenty mattresses and twenty padded quilts.Nobody except a princess would have such tender skin.The prince married the girl and they lived happily ever after.The pea is now displayed in the museum.The Ugly Duckling Once upon a time down on an old farm lived a duck family, and Mother Duck had been sitting on a clutch of new eggs.One nice morning, the eggs hatched and out popped six ducklings.But one egg was bigger than the rest, and it didn't hatch.But before Mother Duck had time to think about it, the last egg finally hatched.A strange looking duckling with gray feathers that should have been yellow gazed at a worried mother.The ducklings grew quickly, but Mother Duck had a secret worry.“I can’t understand how this ugly duckling can be one of mine!” she said to herself, shaking her head as she looked at her last born.Well, the gray duckling certainly wasn’t pretty, and since he ate far more than his brothers, he was outgrowing them.As the days went by, the poor ugly duckling became more and more unhappy.His brothers didn't want to play with him, he was so clumsy, and all the farmyard folks simply laughed at him.He felt sad and lonely, while Mother Duck did her best to console him.12 Then one day, at sunrise, he ran away from the farmyard.He stopped at a pond and began to question all the other birds.“Do you know of any ducklings with gray feathers like mine?” But everyone shook their heads in scorn.Then one day, his travels took him near an old countrywoman’s cottage.Thinking he was a stray goose, she caught him.Then one night, finding the hutch door open, he escaped.Once again he was all alone.One day at sunrise, he saw a flight of beautiful birds wing overhead.White, with long slender necks, yellow beaks and large wings, they were migrating south.“If only I could look like them, just for a day!” said the duckling, admiringly.Winter came and the poor duckling went to seek food in the snow.He dropped exhausted to the ground, but a farmer found him and put him in his big jacket pocket.The ugly duckling survived the bitterly cold winter at the farmer’s house.By springtime the duckling saw himself mirrored in the water.“Goodness!How I’ve changed!I hardly recognize myself!” The flight of swans winged north again and glided on to the pond.When the duckling saw them, he realized he was one of their kind, and soon made friends.“We’re swans like you!” they said, warmly.“Where have you been hiding?”
“It's a long story,” replied the young swan, still astounded.Now, he swam majestically with his fellow swans.One day, he heard children on the river bank exclaim: “Look at that young swan!He's the finest of them all!”
And he almost burst with happiness.Hua Mulan
Long ago, in a village in northern China, there lived a girl named Mulan.One day, she sat at her loom weaving cloth.Click-clack!Click-clack!went the loom.Suddenly the sound of weaving changed to sorrowful sighs.Her mother asked her what troubled her.“Nothing, Mother,” she replied softly.Mulan’s mother asked her again and again, until Mulan finally told her that invaders were attacking.The emperor was calling for troops.The night before she saw the draft poster and twelve scrolls of names in the market.Her Father’s name was on every one of them.“But Father is old and frail,” Mulan sighed.“How can he fight? He has no grown son and I have no elder brother.I will go to the markets.I shall buy a saddle and a horse.I must fight in Father’s place.”
From the eastern market Mulan bought a horse.From the western market she bought a bridle, and from the southern market, a whip.At dawn, Mulan was dressed in her armor and bid a sad farewell to her father, mother, sisters and brothers.Mulan went to fight in the war for twelve years during which time none of her fellow fighters knew that she was a girl.She was such a great fighter that when the war ended the emperor wanted to name her a high rank official.But she declined the offer and went back home where she received a warm welcome.Her fellow fighters came to visit her and were surprised to learn that she was a girl.
第三篇：课后练习翻译
如果你留下来，我也要留下来。
If you stay, I will, too.小马也就是十二三岁，脸上还瘦。
Xiao Ma was no more than twelve or thirteen years old, with a very lean face.她怎么好好的就自杀了？这也怪了！
Why should she have committed suicide for no reason? It is rather odd.他对事情的进展情况也还满意。
He is quite satisfied with the way things went.你要定哪只杂志？
Which journals do you subscribe to? 这本书我们没有货，但是可以帮你订。
We do not have the book in stock but we can order it.你能帮我把这份讲义订起来吗？
Would you please bind this handout for me? 那件大衣的面子很漂亮。
The outer part of the coat is very beautiful.如果怕丢面子，就说不好英语。
If one is afraid of losing his dignity(face), he cannot expect to speak English well.我是个爱面子的人，这种事我可做不出来。
I would not do such a thing—I am sensitive about my reputation.不是我不买你的面子，实在是这事儿不好办。
I have shown due respect for your feelings, but there is really nothing I can do about it.心有余而力不足。
One’s ability falls short of one’s wishes.您的建议我会永远铭记在心。
I will always bear your advice in mind.如果你忘了她的生日她会很伤心的。
You will hurt her feelings if you forget her birthday.居心叵测。
To nurse evil intentions.得人心者得天下。
Those who gain popularity among the people will gain the power.劳心者治人，劳力者至于人。
Those who work with brains rule and those who work with their brawn are ruled.哀莫大于心死。
The greatest despair comes from a devastated heart.这是民国六年的冬天，大风刮得正猛，我因为生计关系，不得不一早在路上走。
It happened during the winter of 1917.A bitter north wind was blowing but, to make a living, I had to be up and out early.世事洞明皆学问，人情练达即文章。
True learning implies a clear insight into human activities.Genuine culture involves the skilful manipulation of human relationships.这尊像站了几百年了，他觉得这是一种苦役。
Having stood there for several hundred years, the statue had now come to detest it as a kind of forced drudgery.他便变了脸，铁一般的青。
His complexion changed, and he grew ghastly pale.我们不得不零零星星的偿付。
We have to pay in dribs and drabs.那条小径曲曲折折通向山顶。
The path zigzags up the hill.湖色越远越深，由近到远，是银白、淡蓝、深青、墨绿、非常分明。
Farther still, the lake water seems darker, changing from silver white near at hand, through light blue, deep blue, finally to dark green, all being very distinct.三十几个人，三三五五，各自在爱去的地方溜达。
Thirty-odd of us, in group of threes and fives, strolled wherever we liked.江水由船边的黄到中心的铁青到岸边的银灰色。有几只小轮在喷吐着煤烟：在烟囱的端际，它是黑色；在船影里，淡青、米色、苍白；在斜映着的阳光里，棕黄。
The river water near the ship changes its color from yellow to iron blue in the middle of the river and to silver grey near the bank.Some small ships are puffing out coal smoke.At the end of the chimney it is black.In the slanting sun rays, it is brown yellow.我们如能于百忙之中，挤出一点时间，约二三知友小酌，琅琅笑话，畅话平生，其乐并不亚于徜徉于青山绿水之间。If we can squeeze a little time in our busy life to invite two or three of our friends to dine with laughter and relive our life experience, this kind of pleasure is no less interesting than lingering among the blue mountains and green waters.我眼睁睁地看过，在无情的冰雹下，我那刚刚灌浆、远远没有长成的谷穗，在细弱的稻杆上摇摇摆摆地挣扎，却无力挣脱生养它、却又牢牢地锁住它的大地。
With wide-open eyes I had watched how the rice ears, in the milk and yet still far from being ripe, were swaying back and forth on their thin stalks under the ruthless hailstones.They were incapable of freeing themselves from the ground, which had supplied them with food but firmly locked them too.月光如流水一般，静静地泄在这一片叶子和花上。薄薄的青雾浮起在荷塘里，叶子和花仿佛在牛乳中洗过一样；又像笼着轻纱的梦。
Moonlight cascaded like water over the locus leaves and flowers, and a light blue mist floating up from the pool made them seem washed in milk or caught in a gauzy dream.脍炙人口的传统京剧《白蛇传》讲的是源自明朝的故事。
The White Snake, one of the most popular traditional Beijing operas, is based on a story handed down from the Ming Dynasty.意大利著名旅行家马可。波罗曾这样叙述他印象中的杭州：“这是世界上最美妙迷人的城市，它使人觉得自己是在天堂。”
The famous Italian traveler Marco Polo was so impressed by the beauty of Hangzhou that he described it as “the most fascinating city in the world, where one feels as if he was in paradise’’.这架飞机该有多大的重量啊！它载着解放区人民的心，载着全中国人民的希望，载着我们国家的命运。
What a heavy load this aeroplane bore!It carried the hearts of the people of the liberated areas, the hopes of the entire Chinese people, and the destiny of our country.英雄造时势，时势造英雄。
Heroes create the times, the times produce their heroes.一踏进门槛，屋子里的混乱景象使我吃了一惊。
Crossing the threshold, I was taken aback by the mess in the house.土地和谷物是人们赖以生存的根本。祭社稷便是表示人们对土地和谷物的敬重。
The earth and the cereals sustain the life of human beings and hence ceremonies were held to pay respect for them.嵩山有号称“天下第一名刹”的少林寺。
Mount Songshan boasts of Shaolin Temple reputed as “Number One Temple under Heaven”.他的报告里所提到的东西经不起推敲。
What he said in his report could not stand close scrutiny.宜昌是巴楚文化的发源地，诞生了屈原、王昭君等千古风流人物。
Yichang City is the birthplace of Chinese Bachu Culture as well as many great personalities through the ages, such as the great poet Qu Yuan and the famous beauty Wang Zhaojun.中国庙宇的墙上经常绘有八卦、阴阳和太极的图案。
The Eight Trigrams, the Yin-Yang symbol and the Taiji emblem are often depicted on the walls of Chinese temples.王献之的书法笔走龙蛇。一气呵成。
Wang Xianzhi, a famous 4th century Chinese calligrapher, wrote a whole piece of characters with the twist and turn of a single continuous movement of the brush like that of dragons and snakes.这对年轻夫妇并不相配一个是西施，一个是张飞。
This young couple is not well matched, one is Xi Shi―a famous Chinese beauty, while the other is a Zhang Fei―a well-known ill-tempered brute.作为炎黄子孙还可以去拜谒离西安不远的黄帝陵。
If you are of Chinese descent, you may pay tribute to the tomb of Huangdi(Yellow Emperor),the first Chinese emperor.“这断子绝孙的阿Q！”远远地听到小尼姑的带哭的声音。
“Ah Q, may you die sonless!” sounded the little nun's voice tearfully in the distance.他昨天擦破了皮，现在到医院换药去了。He had a scratch yesterday and now has gone to change dressings in the hospital.佃农家庭的生活自然是很苦的。可是由于母亲的聪明能干，却舒服。
The life of a tenant farmer's family was of course hard, but we somehow managed to scrape along because mother was a clever and able woman.富华家具带给您典雅的欧陆风情。
You will be chanted by the unique European style of Fuhua furniture.不搞改革，不坚持改革开放政策，我们制定的战略目标政策就不可能实现，这是一个关，这个关必须过。
We cannot reach our strategic goal unless we carry out reforms and adhere to the open policy.This is a key process we must go through.贵州具有丰富的矿产、生物和旅游资源，品质优良；生物资源，种类繁多；旅游资源，绚丽多彩。
Guizhou has plenty of mines and is rich in biological and tourism resources.Its mineral deposit is of high quality.Its biological species are various and its scenic process is colorful.我与父亲不相见已有二余年，我最不能忘记的是他的背影。
It is more than two years since I last saw father and what I can never forget is the sight of his back.这时我看见他的背影，我的眼泪很快流下来了。
While I was watching him from behind, tears gushed from my eyes.等他的背影混入人来人往的人里，再找不着了，我便进来坐下……
I, however, did not go back to my seat until his figure was lost among crowds of people hurrying to and fro and no longer visible.我读到此处，在晶莹的泪光，又看见了那胖胖的，青布棉袍，黑布马褂的背影。
Through the glistening tears which these words had brought to my eyes, I again saw the back of father's corpulent form in the dark blue cotton-padded cloth long gown and the black cloth mandarin jacket.务必要继续发扬艰苦奋斗的优良传统，提倡勤俭，崇尚节约。
It is imperative to carry on the fine tradition of hard work, encourage frugality, and prevent and check high consumption that outgrows economic development.这里山花古松遮掩着悬崖峭壁，鸟语花香，生意盎然，一派秀丽景色。
Wild flowers and old pine on the precipice, with birds singing among them, form a beautiful scene full of life and vitality.我国政府愿意在平等互利、相互开放、长期合作、共同发展的基础上，进一步加强同亚洲各国的经济合作和贸易交流。
The Chinese government stands ready to further strengthen economic cooperation and trade ties with other Asian nations on the basis of equality, openness, long-term cooperation and mutual benefit.敌军闹得全村鸡犬不宁。
The enemy troops threw the whole village into great disorder.她经常在邻里之间搬弄是非。
She often tells tales among the neighbors.这些问题盘根错节，三言两语说不清楚。
These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words.否则，袖手旁观，守株待兔，就变成了长期不抗不战了。
Otherwise, standing by with folded arms and waiting for gains without pains will prove to be nothing but long-term nonresistance.校园依山傍水，绿树成荫，花香四溢，堪称求学胜地。
The good scenery on the campus makes it an ideal place for teaching, learning and academic pursuits.每年农历六月为黄龙寺庙会，方圆几百里的各族人民前来赶会。届时，帐篷连营，人马喧腾，歌舞相杂，十分热闹。
thEvery year in the 6 lunar month, the local people from great distance around travel to Huang Long Monastery on horseback for the temple fair.They set up tents and celebrate with songs and dances far into the night.光耀千古的崇圣寺三塔，享誉中外的大理石，古朴典雅，风格独特的白族民居，还有那风、花、雪、月四大奇景，无不使人流连忘返。
Among the most exciting attractions of Dali are the three ancient pagodas of the Chongsheng Temple, world famous Dali marble, Bai houses noted for their simplicity, elegance and distinctive design, and the four scenic features(the strong wind at Xiaguan, the famous flowers at Shangguan, the silver snow on top of the Cangshan range and the moonlit surface of Erhai Lake).那肥大的荷叶下面，有一个人的脸，下半截身子长在水里，那不是水生吗？又往左右看去，不久，各人就找到了各人丈夫的脸。啊，原来是他们。
Not far away under a broad lotus leaf they saw a man’s head---the rest of him was submerged.It was Shuisheng.Looking right and left, each soon discovered her husband---so this was where they were.英勇战斗于前，又放弃土地于后不是自相矛盾吗？这些英勇战斗者的血，不是白流了吗？
Is it not self-contradictory to fight heroically first and then abandon territory? Will not our heroic fighters have shed their blood in vain? 层层的叶子中间，零星地点缀着些白花，有袅娜地开着的，有羞涩地打着朵儿的；正如一粒粒的明珠，又如碧天里的星星。微风过去，送来缕缕清香，仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的。
The leaves were dotted in between the layers with white flowers, some blooming gracefully;others, as if bashfully, still in bud.They were like bright pearls and stars in an azure sky.Their subtle fragrance was wafted by the passing breeze, in whiffs airy as the notes of a song coming faintly from some distant tower.中国社会主义建设的航船将乘风破浪地驶向现代化的光辉彼岸。
China will stride forward in building socialism, like a ship braving the wind and the waves, towards the glorious destination of modernization.我们之间关系的发展使我们不仅成为亲密的朋友而且成为兄弟。
Our relations have so grown that they bind us not only as close friends but also brothers.他心直口快，总是愿意和任何人交朋友，所以很快就赢得了大家的信任。His outspokenness and readiness to make friends with anyone soon won their trust.中国的富强和发展不会对任何国家构成威胁。
A strong, prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any countries.轻纺工业产品的花色品种增多，质量继续有所提高。
Light industry and textile products are now available in better design and quality and richer variety.他（祥子）确乎有点像棵树，坚壮，沉默，而又有生气。
He/Xiangzi was indeed rather like a tree, sturdy, silent yet full of life.自然科学的皇后是数学。数学的皇冠是数论。哥德巴赫猜想则是皇冠上的明珠。
The empress of natural science is mathematics.The crown of mathematics is number theory.And Goldbach’s conjecture is the most precious jewel on the crown.母亲一把大剪刀，仿佛裁掉了我童年的忧伤，给我剪出一个原来如此瑰丽的世界。
Mother had a big pair of scissors, with which she seemed to cut off the sorrows of my childhood and cut out for me such a surpassingly beautiful world.哈佛是最早接受中国留学生的美国大学之一。中国教育界、科学界、文化界一直同哈佛大学保持着学术交流。Harvard is among the first American universities to accept Chinese students.The Chinese educational, scientific and cultural communities have all along maintained academic exchanges with this university.农民缺乏训练，许多农场生产率低下，这就使得大多数农民处于贫穷的困境。
Inadequate training for farmers and the low productivity of many farmers place the majority of country dwellers in a disadvantageous position in their own countries.只有冷静才能成功。
Success depends on calm minds.第一次见面，司徒乔给我的印象就极好。
The first meeting with Situ Qiao made a wonderful impression on me.那天晚上底天色不大好，可是爹爹也到来，实在很难得！
It looked like rain that evening, yet, to our great joy, Father came nevertheless.学习的敌人是自习的满足，要认真学习一点东西，必须从不自满开始。
Complacency is the enemy of study.We cannot really learn anything until we rid ourselves of complacency.车轮一顿，在轨道上站定了；车门里弹出去似的跳下了许多人。
The train stopped with a clang and a jerk.A number of people shot out of the carriage door.人们认为他翻译的这首诗不忠于原文。
His translation of this poem was regarded unfaithful.上海这几年发生巨大的变化，赢得全世界人民的赞叹。
That Shanghai has changed greatly in recent years has won admiration from people all over the world.几十年来，我经常想到这一只狗，直到今天，我一想到它，还会不自主地流下眼泪。
He has been in my mind for decades.Even today, I cannot restrain my tears whenever I think of him.父亲、母亲的形象还能回忆一点儿，但很模糊。
Even today I can recollect what my own parents looked like but, of course, my impression is blurry.我愿和故乡的人，以及普天下的福建侨民，一同在精神和物质文明方面，把故乡建设得更美好。
I hope that together with all the people in my hometown as well as all overseas Chinese from Fujian, I can do my bit to make a still better place of my ancestral home, both materially and culturally.抓住两个关键环节。一是经济结构的战略性调整，另一个是继续扩大对外开放。
The two key policies to be implemented are: to realize the strategic economic restructuring and continue to open up to the outside world.这次大会确立的全面建设小康社会的目标，是中国特色社会主义经济、政治、文化全面发展的目标，是与加快推进现代化相统一的目标，符合我国国情和现代化建设的实际，符合人民的愿望，意义十分重大。
The objectives set at this congress for building a well-off society in an all-round way are objectives of comprehensive economic, political and cultural development of socialism with Chinese characteristics, objectives well geared to the efforts to speed up modernization.They tally with the national conditions, the realities of the modernization drive and the people’s aspirations.They are of great significance.哈佛是最早接受中国留学生的美国大学之一。中国教育界、科学界、文化界一直同哈佛大学保持着学术交流。Harvard is among the first American universities to accept Chinese students.The Chinese educational, scientific and cultural communities have all along maintained academic exchanges with this university.他比赛失败，我感到很惊讶。
I was not a little surprised that he lost the game.鲁镇的酒店的格局，是和别处不同的：都是当街一个曲尺形的大柜台，柜里面预备着热水，可以随时温酒。
The wine shops in Luzhen are not like those in other parts of China.They all have a right-angled counter facing the street, where hot water is kept ready for warming wine.海洋覆盖了地球表面的71%，是全球生命支持系统的一个基本组成部分，也是资源的宝库，环境的重要调节器。The ocean, which covers 71 percent of the earth’s surface, is a basic component of the global bio-support system.It is also a treasure house of resources and an important regulator of the environment.邓小平的经济思想给了中国改革开放一股巨大的推动力，为中国改革开放作出了历史贡献。
Deng Xiaoping’s economic thought, giving huge impetus to China’s reform and opening-up, is a historical contribution in this regard.事虽经纬万端，但纵观全局，合则对国家有利，分则必伤民族元气。
Complicated as the matter was, an overall view of the situation will show that united, the country and the nation benefit;divided they suffer.我们相信，在新的一年里，通过双方的努力，我们的业务和友好合作关系会得到发展。
We believe we will be able to develop business relations and friendly co-operation through our common efforts in the coming year.黄果树瀑布高68米，宽81米，每秒流量700多立方米，滚滚而下如天河倾泻。
The Huangguoshu Cataract is 68 meters high and 81 meters wide.With a flow of more than 700 cubic meters of water per second, huge amounts of water seem like pouring from the sky.要弄懂喷气发动机的工作原理，最简单的方法是观察空气是怎样从气球里溢出来的。The simplest way to understand how a jet engine works is to watch air escaping form a balloon.他的计划虽然无懈可击，却不能付诸实践。
His plan is impracticable though invulnerable.从山坡上滚下来的石头其动量（momentum）会越来越大。A rock rolling down the mountainside will be gathering momentum.晚上我们从中国大使馆回旅馆的时候，天已经完全黑了。
In the evening, it was already dark when we were on our way to the hotel from the Chinese embassy.忠言逆耳利于行，良药苦口利于病。
Just as bitter medicine cures sickness, so unpalatable advice benefits conduct.自从来到厦门，我几乎天天都要到海滨去散步。
Ever since I came to Xiamen, I’ve been in the habit of going for a walk along the seashore almost every day.世界上往往有许多巧事，是你没有想到的。
Lots of things happen by mere coincidence in this world.他只好硬着头皮，装出也不在乎的态度。
…he had no alternative but to brazen it out and pretend that he did not care, either.回忆中的情景很多，在此就不一一描写了。
My experiences of this trip, however, are too numerous to be recounted one by one here.世界上只有海水取之不尽，用之不竭。
In our world only the sea water is inexhaustible.本文所讲的内容对通讯工程师来说是很有趣的。
What this paper discusses is of great interest to communication engineers.在零售和烹调方面，家办企业的买卖完全超过了国家办的。
In the retail and catering sectors, the business of household operations has surpassed that of the state.在我们这个时代，任何人想要在社会上起作用，就必须接受必要的教育。
In our times, substantial education is indispensable for anyone to play his role in society.本文认为，这一定义具有重要意义。
The author holds that this definition is of great significance.中国观察问题不是看社会制度。
China does not regard social systems as a criterion in its approach to problems.我们大家惊奇的是，那幢经受强烈的地震而幸存下来的唯一建筑物竟是砖木结构的。
To our great surprise, the only building that survived the violent earthquake was one of brick and wood structure.和古庙正好隔河相对的那座宝塔据说是明代的建筑。
It is said that the pagoda just across the river from the ancient temple was built in the Ming Dynasty.互相尊重的精神是我们今天文化合作的基础。
The framework of mutual respect sustains our own cultural cooperation today.自从他出国后，我从未听到过他的消息。
I have never heard about him since he went abroad.这座旅馆能接待300 多个旅客。
This hotel can accommodate over three hundred guests.这只船容易颠覆，因为他造型不合理。
This boat is apt to overturn because it is unreasonably shaped.人们来到莫干山，目的可都不一样。
People do not come to Mogan Mountain with one and the same purpose.
第四篇：Unit 5 课文翻译及课后练习参考答案
Unit 5
课文参考翻译：
三明治一代——夹心一代
九月上旬，安妮接到卡尔加伏特山医院打来的电话，要她将住院的母亲接回家去。已经84岁高龄的老母亲艾琳从三月中风以来就一直住在医院，接受精心地护理。六个月后，易瑞尼可以自己吃饭，也能下床独立走动。但记性依然不好。看样子，在敬老院腾出床位前她是不可能回家独自生活的。已经42岁的安妮是社会服务顾问，同丈夫同住卡尔加城，家里还有三个孩子，老大19岁，老二15岁，最小的11岁。安妮回忆接母亲的事时说：“她非常虚弱，简直弱不禁风。我跟医院一再解释，我们不能接她回家——我们没法接她回来。”但福特山医院答应帮忙安排家庭护理，安妮便将母亲接回了家。要求隐去全名的安妮说：“这真让我们惊慌失措。从医学上讲，医院已无力回天，他们要我接回母亲也有道理。但是，我也无法照料好自己的老母。”
安妮就是被称为“夹心一代”中的一员——上要顾老，下要顾小，拼命努力，同时还得设法保住自己的饭碗。据估计，在加拿大，长辈与小辈一起居住的家庭大约有12万家。尽管统计数字显示这样的大家庭越来越少，但那些确实搬到了子女家并与子女同住的大家庭已经发生了巨大的变化，他们与原来的大家庭完全不一样了。一方面现在的长辈子女少些，因而分担家庭重担的人相应减少了；另一方面，现代家庭中的女孩也都出外工作。实际上，渥太华凡妮家庭研究所行政与交流主任艾伦·米拉贝里指出现代家庭中的一对夫妻平均一周要工作65~80小时，而20世纪50年代则只有40-50小时。他说：“同样的岗位，现代人的劳动强度是过去的两倍。” 米拉贝里认为，这一变化常常为人们所忽略，越来越多公众舆论要求把有些政府医疗护理负担转嫁到各个家庭就是个表现。“你不能假设有足够人手，因为现代家庭已发生了很大的变化。’
同时，米拉贝里也意识到，当那些特护病人病情好转要离开医院时，确实“各有各的难处”。加拿大劳动力流动性大，有一半的家庭平均每五年会换一个地方——家庭成员也天南地北。当医院里那些年长的病人不再需要特殊护理而健康状况又不允许独自回家时，往往在城里再也找不到一个亲戚接他们回家。
卡尔加福特山医院副院长约翰·王说，就他们医院而言，如果病人没有任何亲戚接其回家，医院会让病人继续住院治疗直到养老院腾出床位为止。他认为医院只能将病人送到一个“充满关怀家里，而不能受到虐待的家里”。他解释说，因为医疗服务配套设施需要大量的投入，因此特护床位费用昂贵，一天就需975美元，并且需求量很大。由于床位缺乏，“我们只能尽快地腾出特护床位。”他强调，家属应该理解并给予配合。“现在人们已开始意识到他们应该帮助大家庭的成员。我们好像又回到了40年，对自家的老人给予更多赡养和照顾。”
对安妮来说，那段日子尽管短暂却让她心力交瘁。她说：“母亲需要全天候的陪护。但最糟糕的是母亲尿失禁，晚上只好给她用尿布，这也是实在没办法。如果一晚上三番五次起床，我必定睡眠不足。”安妮说自从要照顾母亲，她很少会见朋友，硕土论文也搁置一旁，大大减少了做顾问的工作，取消了去西雅图的出差，对孩子的照顾也少多了。孩子们因此而不高兴，她也变得焦躁不堪。这真是祸不单行。
最终，艾琳在安妮家呆了一起只呆了六周，之后，养老院终干有了空床位。“母亲很喜欢那儿，那儿的工作人员非常好” 安妮说，“一切比我预想的好得多。”但艾琳的小住使我和家人在思想上发生了很大变化，“我们完全被宠坏
了。”安妮说，“我当时觉得压力大得不得了，但现实是每个人都得学会适应这一切。”上个月，安妮家从教堂领回了一个十岁的小男孩，这个男孩在家里遇到了麻烦。“领他回来是因为自己刚刚有过的一番经历，” 她说，“总的来说，经过母亲的事儿之后，我们更富同情心。”
凡妮研究所的米拉贝里指出即使长辈独自生活，晚辈的责任也很大。“怎么好放下手头的活儿去看生病的母亲?”他问道，“而将母亲置之不管不顾，他们又内疚万分。即使老人不与子女同住，子女也面临着压力，要协调好照顾小家庭、大家庭同时也要为雇主负责的义务。”
实际上，加拿大老年研究网络组织大学研究人员进行了一次全国范围的对5，000雇员的大调查。该调查显示46％的员工承担着养老责任，从跑腿购物到全天候的照料。这些接受调查的雇员中一半以上的人还得照看孩子。根据调查，与同事相比，那些上要照顾老人，下要养育孩子的员工工作压力更大，工作满意程度更低，缺勤率更高。
面对这一状况，有些公司采取了相应的措施。早在1992年，皇家银行就办了一个老年护理活动中心，为员工出谋划策，并帮助员工及时获得当地的帮助。温哥华分行的顾客服务部经理——39岁的沙伦·莫里在母亲病情恶化时打电话求助过这个中心。她说：“突发事件时，你不知道该怎么办，该找谁。你需要一定的信息，这样你才能做出正确的决定。我和我妹妹的工作难度大，要求高。我们不想让母亲的病给弄得惊慌失措。”
玛丽露·格里芬是位退了休的老教师，丈夫虽已去世，倒也无需为工作压力担忧。可她却受内风湿折磨。1988年，已81岁高龄的老父亲搬入她多伦多北部的家中时，她也已经54岁有余了。老父的健康问题一下子将她拖垮了。她说：”头三个月他一下瘦了40磅，我给吓坏了。”由于他大小便失禁。有一次，仅一个晚上她得为父亲洗五次澡，换洗五次床单。无论是感情上还是体力上，这真是太难了，老父也难堪不已，常常老泪纵横。后来一位医生发现老父是牛奶过敏而导致大小便失禁，这一窘况才摆脱了。但没过多久，他又犯了其他毛病。“两年中他得了三到四次肺炎，我也有四次。我休息不好，最后一次因肺炎加上胸膜炎，我又住到了医院里。”医生告诫说：“你不能再这样下去了。”
格里芬终于寻求了帮助——政府资助提供的每周9小时的家庭护理。“但晚上和周末是没有家庭护理的，”盲芬遗憾地说，“有一阵我累得实在挺不下去了，便决定请一个护士晚上帮忙护理一下。”但每小时$22的高额费用让她承受不了，几个星期之后，她只得作罢。两年后，吉芬找到了一家很满意的养老院，并把这事儿告诉了老父亲。可老父亲却大受伤害，尽管他明白自己的女儿照顾不了他。吉芬说：“我老觉得有一种犯罪感，我太让父亲失望了。”她父亲在养老院呆了两年半，1992年10月，他死于心脏衰竭和肺气肿。
幸运的是许许多多有老人的家庭都处理得不错。这些家庭里长辈身心健康，小辈遇到不测时能得到及时的外援。纽芬兰渔业员工训练公司的执行总裁，现已39岁的弗朗西斯·小约翰记得自己小时候住在圣约翰以北100里的格雷斯港时，叔叔和婶婶经常帮助自己的父母。这对老夫妻无儿无女。1990年叔叔去世，婶婶安吉妮·鲍尔就搬到了自己家，与家人一起生活。弗郎西斯的妻子罗斯40岁，两个孩子大的19岁，小的13岁。
虽已经81岁高龄，鲍尔身体依然硬朗，在自己的老家，大多数的日子里她每天要步行半英里。去年春天动了一次手术，她身体就一直较虚弱。在离家不远的一家医院打零工的罗斯·小约翰说他一大早就得起床给鲍尔清洗伤口，调换绷
带，然后打发孩子们上学并赶在上班前准备好年餐。她非常感谢亲戚们的援助。她说：“我一点儿也不吝啬呆在家里照顾她的时间，也不讨厌她生病时需要我跑前跑后的日子。这是我们应该承担的责任。我会尽力让她快点好起来。”
弗郎西斯说鲍尔与家人相处得很好。他说：“每当妻子与儿子发生争吵时，她就避开了。”他认为她给孩子们带来的是好的影响，“我发现老人有老人独特的智慧，我儿子正处在青春期，处在成长的烦恼之中。婶婶却比我更能理解儿子。”小约翰家庭责任感很强。他说：“我父母一直教导我要以家庭为荣，以承担家庭责任为己任。这种感情难以用语言表达，你这么做只是因为你觉得应该这么做。”对小约翰一家来说，“应该这么做的事”成了家庭成员共同经历过的有宝贵意义的事儿。但对于无数承担了很多全新责任的加拿大人而言，照顾老人意味着体力与情感上的双重付出与牺牲。
课后练习参考答案：
A.1.A
2.B
3.C
4.D
5.B
6.A
7.D
8.B
9.D
10.B
11.C
B.1.set him up
2.fit in
3.is thankful for
4.hold down
5.built up
6.gone through
7.weigh heavily on
8.working out
9.broken away
10.let my parents down
C.1.C.will rely on
2.D.have
3.C.for which
4.B.which
5.A.coupled
6.A.a much greater variety
7.B.find it difficult
8.A.Acquiring
9.C.himself
10.C.endangered
D.1.dead
2.brought
3.like
4.expensive
5.cost
6.worse
7.births
8.paying
9.aged
10.figure
11.share
12.majority
13.producers
14.poor
15.decent
16.services
17.expanding
18.same
19.burden
20.confined
Key to the Translation from English into Chinese:
在不少拉丁美洲和亚洲的国家,老年化和贫困将引起许多新问题, 而这些问题对于工业化国家来说并不陌生, 但是这些国家拥有资源少得多。在使用有限资源时所遇到伦理道德问题将更为突出,为医疗保健和养老金提供资金可能成为这些国家面临的一件棘手的事。
在许多国家,老年人的人数太少,政治上多半相当被动,以致无法成为一个能对长期政策施加有效压力来促进自身利益的团体。但随着其数量增多,这种状况正在改变，他们知道需要集结政治力量。到2030年将没有一个政治家大胆到敢于忽略三分之一这部份老年选民——特别老年选民一般参加投票的人数要比其他选民多。
Key to the Translation from Chinese into English:
1.Generally, people have become more compassionate and quite a few families have taken in an orphan from the municipal orphanage.2.It is a demanding task for a workingwoman to look after her parents/ elders and her children while holding down a job.3.At first we were worried about their first stay in a foreign country but things there worked out much better for them.4.Today's middle-aged people have fewer children than their parents did and the
aging population problem may weigh on them in about 40 years.5.It is hoped that the current reform in education will better set students up to meet the challenges from society.6.The government intends to transfer some of the health-care burden to the individual family but family members are not always available for the task because they cannot break away from their jobs to look after the sick elderly.7.There is an increasing demand for beds in the nursing home, and we have to try every possible means to free them up.8.With the large elderly population in this country, financing of health care and pensions could scare the devil out of the government.9.The young couple has to make some sacrifice to avoid letting their old beloved father down.10.What they had gone through in looking after their sick old father made them more compassionate, and they made a donation to the nursing home
第五篇：21世纪大学英语第四册课后练习翻译答案
21世纪大学英语读写教程 第四册
Unit1
1.Americans tend to define people by the jobs they have/do.Such characteristics as their family and educational backgrounds are considered less important.美国人往往以从事的工作来对人们进行划分。家庭和教育背景这些特点被认为是不太重要的。
2.His uncompromising personality explains why he could no longer put up with his employer and eventually submittedhis resignation.他决不妥协的个性是他再也无法容忍他的雇主,并最终递交了辞职书的原因。
3.If you really want to learn English well, you must put in a lot of time and energy, or you'll go nowhere.The same can be said of other subjects.如果你真想学好英语，你就必须投入大量的时间和精力，否则你就不会有任何进步。对于其他课程也可以这么说。
4.Some actorsfame is built on their innate beauty, but despite his short stature, Dustin Hoffman rose above and it is his excellent acting that set him apart.有些演员的名声靠的是他们天生的美貌，但是达斯汀?霍夫曼(Dustin Hoffman)尽管身材矮小(short stature)，还是出类拔萃，而使他与众不同的正是他精湛的演技。
5.After he took charge, we discovered that there were striking differences between him and his predecessor.He had the drive and passion, came up with many new ideas, and focused his work on how to raise our morale.他负责管理之后，我们发现他与前任(predecessor)有明显的不同：他有干劲和激情，想出了很多新点子，并把工作重点放在如何鼓舞我们的士气上。
6.Deng Xiaoping made history when he declared China's reform and opening-up policy.Despite tremendous obstacles, he made lasting contributions to our country's modernization with his unrelenting efforts.当邓小平宣布中国改革开放政策的时候，他被永远载入了史册。尽管障碍重重，他以不懈的努力为我国的现代化作出了永久性的贡献。
7.Why could someone with a genius IQ be left behind by a hardworking person with an average IQ? It has to be acknowledged that besides one's IQ, many other factors have much to do with one's achievements.为什么有人拥有天才级智商却被智商平平但很刻苦的人丢在后面？承认除了智商外，还有很多别的因素与一个人的成就有着很大的关系。
8.This teacher is really remarkable in first motivating her students so she can really teach them something.It's not that she is talented, it's that she focuses completely or drawing theirfull attention in class.这位教师真了不起，她能在教东西之前调动学生的积极性。这并不是因为她有天赋，而是因为她只想
着在课堂上吸引他们的注意力。
Unit2
1.He glared at John and was annoyed by his refusal to cooperate.他瞪眼看着约翰，对他拒绝合作感到恼怒。
2.John's sincere speech shows his gratitude to the people who rendered him generous help when he was in difficulty.约翰真诚的讲话表达了他对那些在他处于困境时给过他慷慨帮助的人们的感激之情。
3.He is something of a stamp collector.The fact that once he saved up for two years to buy a rare stamp is proof of it.3.他可说是一个集邮家。他曾经积蓄了两年去买一张珍邮这件事便是证明。
4.The beauty of these roses could not be overstated.They took/caught all the visitorsfancy in one way or another.这些玫瑰的美丽怎么评价也不过分。他们以各种方式吸引住了所有的游客。
5.At first he took it for granted that they should build more highways in this area.Then a careful calculation of the expenditure compelled him to think twice before he made the final decision.起先，他理所当然地认为该地区应当多造一些公路。然而仔细计算其费用后，他在作出最后决定前又不得不重新考虑了。
6.Each time he receives a gift from me, no matter how small, my friend Bill never fails to acknowledge it.每次收到我的礼物，不管多少，我的朋友比尔决不忘记表示感谢。
7.The journalist has decided to trace the young man referred to in the old couple's letter, which is a tribute to the young man's effort at improving their living conditions.那位新闻记者决定找到那对老夫妻信中提及的年轻人。那封信赞颂了年轻人为改善他们的生活条件而付出的努力。
8.Though he was fed up with the salesmen who knocked at his door and boasted about their products every day, he refrained from slamming the door in their face.虽然他厌烦了那些每天上门来吹嘘其产品的推销员，但他克制着没有将他们拒之门外。
Unit3
1.Tom was hung up on the problem but could do nothing about it until he learnt to solve it with different tactics.汤姆因一问题而心神不宁但又一筹莫展，直到他学会以不同的策略把它解决才不心烦。
2.Lateral thinking has helped him to advance his new theory which had seemed to reach a dead end.横向思维帮助他提出了原来似乎已走进死胡同的新理论。
3.The framework of our latest construction plan has been affirmed by the local government.Whether it will be carried out on time is of the utmost significance to the development of this coastal city.我们最新的建设计划的框架已获得地方政府的批准。它是否会按时实施对这座沿海城市的发展具有极为重大的意义。
4.While trying to find a solution to the problem, Edward reached an impasse in his thinking, but later he changed his point of view and solved the problem in an entirely unexpected fashion.在设法寻找一个解决问题的办法的过程中，爱德华在思想上陷入了僵局，但后来他改变了观察角度，以一种完全意想不到的方式解决了问题。
5.Many people believe that computer labs will eventually take over from the libraries and students who want to take in new knowledge will end up learning everything in the computer lab.许多人认为计算机机房将最终取代图书馆，想吸收新知识的学生最终将在计算机机房里学习一切。
6.Yesterday his car crashed into a truck almost head-on.If he does not stop driving so carelessly, I am sure he will wind up in the emergency room of a hospital.昨天他的汽车几乎是迎头撞上了一辆卡车。如果他继续这样随便开车，我确信他最后一定会被送进医院的急诊室。
7.There is a flaw in the structural design of the painting.Why don't you erase the vertical lines and simplify it a little bit?
这幅画的结构设计有一个缺点。你为什么不擦掉那几条垂直线，把它简化一点呢?
8.John should have given up smoking a long time ago.After all, health is of the utmost importance to everybody.约翰本该在很久以前就把烟戒掉了。毕竟健康对每个人来说都是最重要的。
Unit4
1.Schools should avoid deciding who is superior only in terms of students' exam results and treating them accordingly.Instead, a good educational system should enable every student to measure up to good standards as well-rounded people.学校应避免仅按学生考试成绩来判别孰优孰劣并以此对待他们。相反，好的教育体制应使每一位学生都能达到良好的水准，成为全面发展的(well-rounded)人。
2.As often as not, when college students have questions after class, their teachers are
not readily available except during office hours.This is due to teachers' busy academic research, rather than their indifference to the students.大学生课后有问题时，往往在办公时间之外不容易找到老师。这是由于教师繁忙的学术研究，而不是他们对学生漠不关心。
3.This class consists of forty students, most of whom used to be labeled average in terms of English level.But as this teacher has never shown any verbal impatience, the students have reacted positively to his teaching methods and lived up to his expectations.这个班级由40名学生组成，他们中大部分按英语水平过去常被归在中等之列。但由于这位老师从不在言辞中表露出不耐烦，学生们对他的教学方法产生了积极的反应，从而没有辜负他的期望。
4.Teaching is becoming increasingly demanding in the United States, due in part tothe diversity of students' racial background and the complexity of educational technologies that require additional training.在美国，教书变得越来越难了，部分原因是学生越来越多样的种族背景以及需要另外培训才能掌握的更为复杂的教学技术。
5.The English are, as often as not, labeled conservative.Obviously this label is prejudiced.In reality, Britain is not very different from other European countries in terms of national characteristics.The British are polite, neat, orderly and confident.英国人经常被归类为保守型，显然这一归类带有成见。实际上，英国在民族特性方面与其他欧洲国家相比并没有太大的差异。英国人有礼貌，爱整洁，讲秩序，充满自信。
6.Some young people grow up with a strong desire for independence.They would rather try hard to go through life on their own than turn to their parents for help with asense of guilt.有些年轻人在成长过程中有着要求独立的强烈愿望。他们宁可通过自己的努力来渡过生活中的困难，也不愿意带着负罪感求助于他们的父母。
7.Your friend treats you sincerely, so you should respond accordingly and mustn抰 deceive him or talk about his setbacks with irony(ironically).你的朋友对你非常真诚，你也应该同样以诚相待，决不应该欺骗他，或者带着讽刺的口吻谈论他的挫折。
8.The neighbors' irritation/annoyance was due to the noise they made.However, because of reassurances that they would stop working at night, they went through with the decoration of this apartment.邻居们恼火的原因是他们发出的噪音，但是由于他们一再保证夜间停工，从而得以完成这套公寓的装潢。
Unit5
1.As you can imagine, reading has opened a new world to me and changed forever the
course of my life.正如你可以想像到的，阅读为我打开了一个新的天地并永远改变了我的人生道路。
2.He had demonstrated an unusually intense interest in books since childhood.So fascinated with books was he that he never let a day pass without doing some reading.他从童年起就对书籍表现出一种非常强烈的兴趣。他对书籍如此迷恋，以致从不让一天过去而不进行一些阅读。
3.Every time he takes the subway to and from work, he has with him a book that hewants to read.That is the way he has read nearly a hundred books in the past three years.他每次乘地铁上下班身边都有一本想读的书。他就这样在过去三年中读了近一百本书。
4.When he was in high school, he used to read deep/far into the night in his own room.Each time he heard the approaching footsteps of his mother, he would turn off the light and feigned sleep.But as soon as his mother passed, he would turn on the light and begin reading again.他读中学时常在自己的房间里读书至深夜。每次听到母亲走近的脚步声，他便关掉灯假装睡着。而母亲一走过去，他便打开灯，重又读起来。
5.There is hardly anything about China he's not curious about.And to satisfy his curiosity he has decided to go there in person to see as much as he can.几乎没有什么关于中国的东西是他不感到好奇的。为了满足自己的好奇心他已决定亲自到那儿去尽量多看一些。
6.I don't know/ I have little/no idea what made your son envy that pop singer and try to emulate him in everything.You might as well ask him in person.我不知道是什么使得你儿子羡慕那位流行歌手并试图事事模仿他的。你还是问问他本人好了。
7.As soon as he checked out the book from the library, he thumbed through its pages by the corridor light.他从图书馆一借到那本书就在走廊的灯光下飞快地把它翻了一遍。
8.I don't think anybody ever learned more in the countryside than I did.In fact, those three years in the countryside enabled me to study far intensively than I would have if I had attended some college.我认为没有哪个人在农村学到的比我更多。实际上，农村的三年使我比进某个大学学习得更深入细致。
Unit6
1.He was disabled from birth, but he never felt frustrated, nor did he give in to any difficulty.他生来就有残疾，但他从不沮丧，也从未屈服于任何困难。
2.Tom had been holding out for a promotion.When the opportunity showed up, he grabbed it at once.汤姆一直坚决要求提升。当机会出现时，他立即抓住了。
3.He distrusts all standardized tests and believes that there should be something better to substitute for them.他对所有的标准化考试都不信任并认为应该有某种更好的东西来取代它们。
4.My thesis is that we should carry out a survey of these controversial issues one by one right now.我的论点是，我们应当马上对这些有争议的问题逐个进行调查。
5.Betty is diligent and dependable.She never shies away from any difficulties.In short, she is the kind of student that we are all proud of.贝蒂勤劳而又可靠。她从不在困难面前退缩。总之，她是我们都为之感到骄傲的那种学生。
6.It is ill-advised to keep the gas tank in your house for it ignites easily and may burn up allyour hard-earned wealth in just a few minutes.把汽油箱放在你的房子里是不明智的，因为它极易燃烧，并且可能在几分钟内就将你辛辛苦苦挣来的财富付之一炬。
7.Doctor Smith's lecture amounts to saying that a child who displays high EQ early on in life will succeed eventually in the face of all kinds of difficulties.史密斯博士的讲座等于是说,很早就显示出高情商的孩子无论面对什么困难都会最终取得成功。
8.Since many marriages end in divorce in the United States, psychologists have suggested that couples in all families communicate with each other more often and solve their problems before it becomes too late.由于在美国许多婚姻都以离婚告终，心理学家们建议所有家庭中的夫妻都应更经常地相互沟通，不要等到为时太晚时才来解决他们的问题。
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