恒压供水中英文简介

第一篇：恒压供水中英文简介

摘要

随社会经济的迅速发展，人们对供水质量和供水系统可靠性的要求不断提高，再加上目前能源紧缺，利用先进的自动化技术、控制技术以及通讯技术，设计高性能、高节能、能适应不同领域的恒压供水系统成为必然趋势。

本设计是针对居民生活用水/消防用水而设计的。由变频器、PLC及PID调节器组成控制系统，调节水泵的输出流量。电动机泵组由三台水泵并联而成，由变频器或工频电网供电，根据供水系统出口水压和流量来控制变频器电动机泵组之间的切换及速度，使系统运行在最合理的状态，保证按需供水。

本文介绍了采用PLC控制的变频调速供水系统，由PLC进行逻辑控制，由变频器进行压力调节。在经过PID运算，通过PLC控制变频与工频切换，实现闭环自动调节恒压供水。运行结果表明，该系统具有压力稳定，结构简单，工作可靠等优点。

关键词：变频调速 ； 恒压供水； PID调节； PLC

ABSTRACT

With the rapid development of social economy, it demands the better of water supply' s quality and reliability of water supply system.Meanwhile energy resources are seriously lack.So it is inevitable tendency to design water supply system which has high function and saves on energy well, with help of advanced technique of automation, control and communication.At the same time this system can adapt different water supply fields.It is very important of the Water Supply System in Constant Pressure for the water supply in industrial and citizen existence.It is consist of the variable frequency and speed regulation, PLC, PID control system for the control system.It controls the outcome of the pumps.The generator pumps are consist of parallel three pumps, and the power come from variable frequency and speed regulation or power grid.According to the water supply of constant pressure’s outcome water press and flux, the control system control the variable frequency and speed regulation, parallel pumps’ speed and cut over, cause the system move in the best rational situation, assure according to wants supply water.This design has many merits such as save energy.In this paper, the control principle of VVVF providing-water system is introduced, PLC is used to carry on logic control and invertered to modulate pressure．Through PID control principle.We realize Closed-loop control in VVVF Providing-water System.The result indicates that the system has the stable pressure, simple structure, and reliable work.Keywords： variable frequency and speed regulation； water supply of constant pressure； PID control system； PLC

第二篇：英文简介

我叫李永亮。首先，我在2010年毕业于大连工业大学服装设计专业，毕业后在大杨创世股份有限公司从事销售行业，工作了1年时间。我很喜欢大连，这也是我毕业后决定留在大连的原因，但是，这个城市这个工作，都是比较安逸的，作为年轻人，应该不断的去奋斗，不应该提前享受安逸的生活，所以我选择来北京发展，这里的压力会大一些，同样，动力也会大一些，因为你不努力工作的话，那么你就将会被淘汰，因此，我会很用心很努力的对待我的工作！

My name is Li Yongliang.First of all, I graduated in 2010 at the Dalian

University clothing design special field, after graduation DaYangChuangShi limited company in sales, working for 1 years.I very like Dalian, this is my

graduation decided to stay in Dalian reasons, however, the city of the work, are relatively comfort, as a young man, should continue to struggle, should not to enjoy the easy life, so I choose to come to Beijing to develop, the pressure will be greater, similarly, power will be larger, because you don't work hard, you will be eliminated, therefore,I will be very hard very hard to deal with my work!

我是一个很随和的人，平时很容易相处，很爱交朋友，在生活上，只要平淡简单点就行，但必须经过现实考验。对待工作很认真，如果是我喜欢的工作而且这个职位还有上升的空间，我会很用心很努力的走到那个位置，为了生活的更好，必须得努力去工作。

I am a easy going person, usually very easy to get along with, love to make friends, in life, as long as Insipid and simple point on the line, But to must pass the test of reality.Works very seriously, if I like the work and this position also increased the space, I will be very hard very hard to get to this position, In order to live better, must work hard

4年的服装设计学习，让我对服装时尚很敏感，做过一年的职业装销售，我对服装的店面销售，与客户的需求分析，店面陈列，货品管理，售后服务等都有了一个全面的认知years of fashion design learning, let I to fashion very sensitive, Done a year occupation installed sales, Make me to high-end clothing store sales and customer demand analysis, store display, merchandise management, after-sales service and have a comprehensive understanding of

第三篇：PLC 变频调速技术在泵站恒压供水中应用

PLC 变频调速技术在泵站恒压供水中应用

0 引言

供水系统是国民生产生活中不可缺少的重要一环。传统供水方式占地面积大，水质易污染，基建投资多，而最主要的缺点是水压不能保持恒定，导致部分设备不能正常工作。变频调速技术是一种新型成熟的交流电机无极调速技术，它以其独特优良的控制性能被广泛应用于速度控制领域，特别是供水行业中。由于安全生产和供水质量的特殊需要，对恒压供水压力有着严格的要求，因而变频调速技术得到了更加深入的应用。恒压供水方式技术先进、水压恒定、操作方便、运行可靠、节约电能、自动化程度高，在泵站供水中可完成以下功能：(1)维持水压恒定；(2)控制系统可手动/自动运行；(3)多台泵自动切换运行；(4)系统睡眠与唤醒。当外界停止用水时，系统处于睡眠状态，直至有用水需求时自动唤醒；(5)在线调整PID参数；(6)泵组及线路保护检测报警，信号显示等。

将管网的实际压力经反馈后与给定压力进行比较，当管网压力不足时，变频器增大输出频率，水泵 转速加快，供水量增加，迫使管网压力上升。反之水泵转速减慢，供水量减小，管网压力下降，保持恒压供水。系统硬件构成系统采用压力传感器、PLC和变频器作为中心控制装置，实现所需功能。

安装在管网干线上的压力传感器，用于检测管网的水压，将压力转化为4～20 mA的电流信号，提供给PLC与变频器。

变频器是水泵电机的控制设备，能按照水压恒定需要将0～50 Hz的频率信号供给水泵电机，调整其转速。ACS变频器功能强大，预置了多种应用宏，即预先编置好的参数集，应用宏将使用过程中所需设定的参数数量减小到最小，参数的缺省值依应用宏的选择而不同。系统采用PID控制的应用宏，进行闭环控制。该宏提供了6个输入信号：启动/停止(DI1、DI5)、模拟量给定(AI1)、实际值(AI2)、控制方式选择(DI2)、恒速(DI3)、允许运行(DI4)；3个输出信号：模拟输出(频率)、继电器输出1(故障)、继电器输出2(运行)；DIP开关选择输入0～10 V电压值或0～20 mA电流值(系统采用电流值)。变频器根据给定值AI1和实际值AI2，即根据恒压时对应的电压设定值与从压力传感器获得的反馈电流信号，利用PID控制宏自动调节，改变频率输出值来调节所控制的水泵电机转速，以保证管网压力恒定要求。

根据泵站供水实际情况与需求，利用一台变频器控制3台水泵，因此除改变水泵电机转速外，还要通过增减运行泵的台数来维持水压恒定，当运行泵满工频抽水仍达不到恒压要求时，要投入下一台泵运行。反之，当变频器输出频率降至最小，压力仍过高时，要切除一台运行泵。所以不仅需要开关量控制，还需数据处理能力，采用FX－4AD(4模拟量入)获得模拟量信号。它在应用上的一个重要特征就是由PLC自动采样，随时将模拟量转换为数字量，放在数据寄存器中，由数据处理指令调用，并将计算结果随时放在指定的数据接触器中。通过其可将压力传感器电流信号和变频器输出频率信号转换为数字量，提供给PLC[1>，与恒压对应电流值、频率上限、频率下限(考虑到水泵电机在低速运行时危险，必须保证其频率不低于20Hz，因此频率上限设为工频50Hz，下限设为20Hz)进行比较，实现泵的切换与转速的变化。

系统在设计时应使水泵在变频器和工频电网之间的切换过程尽可能快，以保证供水的连续性，水压波动尽可能小，从而提高供水质量。但元件动作过程太快，会有回流损坏变频器。为了防止故障的发生，硬件上必须设置闭锁保护，即1Q与4Q，2Q与5Q，3Q与6Q不能同时闭合。系统软件设计

控制系统软件是指用梯形图语言编制的对3台泵进行控制的程序。它对3台泵的控制，主要解决 系统的手动及自动切换、各元件和参数的初始化、信号及通讯数据的预处理、3台泵的启动、切换及停止的条件、顺序、过程等问题。

当变频器输出频率达到频率上限，供水压力未达到预设值时，发出加泵信号，投入下1台泵供水。当供水压力达到预设值，变频器输出频率降到频率下限时，发出减泵信号，切除在工频运行方式中的1台泵。系统刚启动时，情况简单，首先启动一号泵即可。但考虑3台泵联合运行时情况复杂，任1台或2台泵可能正在工频自动方式下运行，而其他泵则可能在变频器控制下运行，因此必须预先设定增减水泵的顺序。即获得加泵信号后，按照1号泵、2号泵、3号泵的顺序优先考虑。获得减泵信号后，按照3号泵、2号泵、1号泵的顺序优先考虑。

为了防止故障的发生，软件上也必须设置保护程序，保证1Q与4Q、2Q与5Q、3Q与6Q不能同时闭合。在加减泵时必须设置元件动作顺序及延时，防止误动作发生。

考虑到系统工作环境对运行状态的影响，在设计中采用硬件、软件上的双重滤波来消除干扰的影响。硬件上变频器提供了滤波时间常数，当模拟输入信号变化时，63％的变化发生在所定义的时间常数中；软件上采用数字滤波的方式，系统采用平均值的方法[2>。

计算最近10次采样的平均值，其计算公式如下：系统参数的确定

系统变频运行主要靠变频器来实现。变频器有一数量很大的参数群，初始情况下，只有所谓的基本参数可以看到。只需设定简单的几个参数，变频器就可以工作。

除基本参数外，还必须对完整参数进行设定。

完整参数的设定主要是PID参数的整定，它是按照工艺对控制性能的要求，决定调节器的参数Kp，TI，TD。控制表达式为：

变频器根据偏差调节PID的参数，当运行参数远离目标参数时，调节幅度加快，随着偏差的逐步接近，跟踪的幅度逐渐减小，近似相等时，系统达到一个动态平衡，维持系统的恒压稳定状态[

3、4>。试验结果

由于系统的显示和通讯功能，可以对系统工作情况进行监测。考虑到管网覆盖面积大，泵站海拔高度相对低，远端供水压力需维持3kg，因此泵站出水口压力必须维持5kg。试验条件为管网初始无压 力，电磁阀控制一定量相同用水情况下启动系统。获得的数据经MATLAB进行插值拟合可得系统在不同条件下跟踪压力变化的曲线[5>。

试验记录的数据显示，系统在未进行滤波和PID控制时，响应速度特别慢、误差大、振荡严重，见图5。在未进行滤波而引入数字PID控制时，响应速度明显加快，但振荡问题未能得到解决，这是由于喘振现象的存在；当管道压力与设定值近似相当时，水锤效应影响明显，压力波动异常，PID的参数跟踪整定，形成恶性循环，管道中空气的存在也会导致振荡问题。

该系统是按照工业生产需求设计的，实现了预定的一系列功能，保证了系统的稳定和安全性，在长时间运行中取得了良好的效果。只需作相应修改就可推广到相关供水系统中。

第四篇：基于PLC的恒压供水系统设计 英文资料

Constant Pressure Water Supply System Based plc

Abstract: Based one simple analysis of the methods for water supply used domestically and abroad, this paper discusses the principle and system’s structure of automatic water supply system by using frequency conversion speed regulation in detail.Then the system’s advantages are discussed and some key problems that should be pay attention to designing are presented.Keyword: Frequency conversion speed regulation;water supply with stable pressure: PID regulator.1、Foreword

At present, supply water in residential area and life of the skyscraper of our country generally adopt the way common frequently.It has heavy energy consumption, high noise, and there has a great deal of questions in the source of water, such as secondary pollution etc.And it is a kind of comparatively ideal mode to adjust the water supply device controlled rapidly with frequency conversion.Entering the middle and later periods of the 1990s, as the speed technology of frequency conversion achieves more development becomes perfect, the way of the full-automatic constant pressure that based on this technology supplied water has already been widely used in the developed country, and is becoming riper.In recent years, authors has made some real work on rapidly to the transformation in frequency conversion supply water design and construction of control system, have accumulated some experience, and has formed the view on some questions.The reason why the energy-conserving principle frequency conversion of the water pump system of speed adjustment becomes popularized , is mainly because that it has a better energy-conserving result.To pump system of frequency conversion, the water pump after adjusting the speed has functional relation of the following:

Q1/Q2 =n1/n2

(1)H1/H2 =(n1/n2)2(2)of the type.Q1, Q2 represents the flow before and after the speed for the water pump respectively;N1, n2 represents the rotational speed before and after the speed for the water pump respectively;H1, H2 represents the lift before and after the speed for the water pump respectively.According the above: H1/H2 =(f1/f2)2.Namely real lift of a water pump is power the square of frequency in direct radio.Therefore changing the power supply frequency of the electrical machinery of water pump through the frequency converter can control supporting water pressure strength of the water pump.2 constant pressures as Fig.1 shows supply water of the automatically controlled frequency conversion water-supply system principle block diagram.P1 is the give pressure value, p2 for the actual pressure value had examined from the pipeline of the pressure sensor, PID regulator passes the error operation of the two value, and through controlling the frequency output of the frequency converter, thus make the pressure of the pipeline remain throughout on establishing value p1.This system can measure users' instantaneous water pressure adjust automatically , regulate the amount of quantity of supplying water and operation conditions of the electrical machinery in view of the above.Can according to give water pressure strength to set for and control pressure value which needed , make the equipment in the constant pressure state all the time, can know from load characteristic of electrical machinery axle power and its the third power of in direct radio rotational speed of electrical machinery mixed, that is p1/p2=(n1/n2)3.For example, as the frequency converter output frequency for 35Hz(establish as 50Hz at most), that is to say that the actual rotational speed is 70% o'clock of specified rotational speed, the power consumption of the governor is 0.73 =0.343, account for specified 35%.That is to say , the water pump is always in constant pressure and turn the working state of matching the way into the flow , is it is it keep to exceed to dispel and backset current have work loss.Constant speed transfer with frequency conversion speed axle power change curve as Fig.2 shows , relatively can know, it is the most obvious that frequency conversion adjusts the energy-conserving result of speed way.2、Case analyses

Constant pressure is it regulate flow of water to the purpose to up to constant pressure through suiting well rapidly in frequency conversion to supply water, the goal that it controls finally is the water pressure.Controlling the target has non-linear, lagging characteristics.The quality of PID regulator performance , has determined the quality of the water-supply system to a great extent When the system is during the course of starting and stopping, or the pressure establishing value changes by a large margin , because there is a very great deviation within short time, no matter the control algorithm of PID regulator adopts the increment type or the position type, its total mark one will fetch the cistern , water pump group and complement the fittings to form relevantly.The core of this system is that frequency conversion adjusts the speed switch board, it monitors the pressure of the pipe network in real time through the pressure sensor, and change into the electric signal and offer the frequency converter to make operation, through the controlling commonly of frequency converter, programmable controller PLC and relay array, adjust the system of supplying water rapidly after forming perfect full-automatic frequency conversion.Frequency converter is various in kinds, for instance the types, such as Mitsubishi, Fuji, three Kenya and ABB, etc.Generally often select the pumps, special-purpose series of air blower for use.Whether take Mitsubishi FR-A140E as an example, it except general function had of brand , there are the following characteristics : The inside adopts the intellectual power module of IPM, it is lowest to make the noise of the electrical machinery to reduce;Frequency converter, and work-frequency power can is it switch over to go on frequently, user is it is it start , stop through PLC and switch over the order automatically to input to need only, can conveniently through to lock movement switch over different water pump each other contactor, and does not need to design the tedious control procedure by oneself like the thing that in the past , this is one of this peculiar functions of frequency converter;Built-in instantaneous power cut starts and retries and starts the function , in a situation that nobody guarded, even if can be started by oneself after the frequency converter shuts down, totally realize with the operation of the automatic way.PID regulator available frequency converter of system this built-in value very heavy, this will store deviation in regulates.During the process of dispelling the deviation to regulate, must lead to the fact the system and present greater ultra mediation long-time vibration, can produce the serious integration saturation phenomenon also at the same time, thus influence the normal running of the equipment.Is it drop the influence to most low to want , should adopt PID control method that integration separate among controlling algorithm, in order to reach the anticipated result.After dealing with like this, can shorten the system and reach steady transition course time greatly System allocate two 11kW water pump support 600 over resident water.Two pump offer large peak flow most when working at the same time, single platform meet the small flow and supply water at night.In addition all water pumps can run by way of frequency conversion, can circulate way soft to start, in this way, can reduce the impact to the electric wire netting and pipe network.What merits attention is two pump when frequency conversion and worker are switched over frequently, have procedure it locks to be enough each other only, outputting must adopt machinery to interlock the contactor, can avoid the situation that two contactors close at the same time in the twinkling of an eye in this way, so as not to short out in twinkling of an eye causing power.Pressure sensor P monitors the size of the water pressure signal in real time, the signal is dealt with by PID, input it to the frequency converter.At the small flow, water pump electrical machinery 1M turn round(whether 1KM1 is it shut to suck), and through feedback password change his rotational speed constantly, it is invariable in order to keep the pressure;In case of large flow , compare frequency conversion by pressure circuit send out through PLC “ constant/changed switch over frequently” “ operate and interlock ” the order, machinery interlocks the contactor(2KM2 in 2KM(2KM1 +2KM2), contactor 3KM have the electricity.At this moment, electrical machinery 2M is started by way of frequency conversion, 1M is switched over and run at full speed frequently to run.In this way, this system can maintain water consumption on a invariable pressure all the time.Built up in the aforesaid district initial stage, supply water and adopt the way frequently of workers, because of energy consumption being heavy dependability is bad, the household reflects strongly.Use instead after frequency conversion supply water, installation total capacity reduce 25% than original equipment, economize on electricity the index is close 30% synthetically actually, the result is remarkable.3、Several questions while apply are in case of great majority

The environment for use of the scene is comparatively abominable.Though frequency converter has very strong protection functions itself, such as owe keep , excessive pressure , is it flow to pass, electric current amplitude limiting is it make exactly to choose, overload, overheated lacking looking , shorting out and disconnected ink protect the function But must prevent trouble before it happens.Through using finding, two kinds of brands of Mitsubishi, Fuji, because has fully considered various kinds of abominable running environment in design and manufacture.The dependability and service life under the same condition are higher than some brands.One small city of mountain area of west place in Hubei in Hubei, average 1200m above sea level, the humidity on the high side of long-term most of the time(about 80%), the sulfur dioxide is seriously polluted, a set of frequency conversion that one factory produces supplies water of the equipment, because has not considered above-mentioned factors, less than one year, the relevant parts of the equipment are corroded seriously.And the like product which we designed, installed in the same area, because has fully considered the situations of different difference, on the selecting types of the equipment and component, have adopted the ship standard.Through the use of more than two years, ran well, stood the tests of different sternness.Find in using actually, the frequency converter itself is that a strong interference takes place in the source, will often influence the normal running of the equipment.Especially when the low rotational speed of the water pump operates, the frequency shown on the frequency converter does not correspond to actual operation frequency.Generally there are two kinds of spread ways to interfere: The circuit bunch is disturbed and space radiation is interfered.Can take the corresponding measure to solve according to the actual conditions of the scene.For example is it strain wave and absorb the return circuit to increase to programmable power end of controller, PID regulator introduction of unit output sure to have reliable shielding, link frequency converter, ground terminal of electrical machinery with earth stake firmly, control the line and motive force line leave certain distance, in order to strengthen and resist the electromagnetic ability to interfere.Only in this way, can make system keep the long and steady working state in high temperature, humidity, mould, strong harsh terms of interfering etc.4、Conclusions

Are by way of adjusting the speed as the central water supply in frequency conversion, the result is obvious to economize on water, economize on electricity, can be extensively suitable for 20-10000 residents the biotope, skyscraper, hotels and restaurants, fire control or district pressurize and supply water, it is ideal facilities that the medium and small-scale waterworks supplied water too.Its amount of water quality supported is high, the economic benefits are obvious, the social benefit is enormous, with the development of national economy and constant improvement of the living standards of the people, it is sure to be used and popularized progressively in our country

5、List of references

Zhang Wanzhong, Zhu Jie, Wang Mingquan.A kind of new-type frequency conversion constant pressure supplies water of the plan of design of the pump station.Electrical age, 1999(10): 22-232 Liu YingChun.Principle design of the sensor and application.Beijing: University of Science and Technology of the national defense publishing Press, 1989.59-623

Lu Guangda.Electric installation project manual of the building.Beijing: The electric publishing house of water conservancy, write the group in 1995.222-2244“The automatic projecting ”.Give and drain off water the automatic project.Beijing: The electric publishing house of water conservancy, 1997.301-312

第五篇：耐克英文简介

NIKE英文介绍

Nike, Inc.(pronounced /ˈnaɪkiː/;NYSE: NKE)is a major publicly traded sportswear and equipment supplier based in the United States.The company is headquartered near Beaverton, Oregon, which is part of the Portland metropolitan area.It is the world's leading supplier of athletic shoes and apparel[3] and a major manufacturer of sports equipment, with revenue in excess of US$18.6 billion in its fiscal year 2008(ending May 31, 2008).As of 2008, it employed more than 30,000 people worldwide.Nike and Precision Castparts are the only Fortune 500 companies headquartered in the state of Oregon, according to The Oregonian.The company was founded on January 25, 1964 as Blue Ribbon Sports by Bill Bowerman and Philip Knight,[1] and officially became Nike, Inc.on May 30, 1978.The company takes its name from Nike(Greek Νίκη, pronounced

[nǐːkɛː]), the Greek goddess of victory.Nike markets its products under its own brand, as well as Nike Golf, Nike Pro, Nike+, Air Jordan, Nike

Skateboarding, and subsidiaries including Cole Haan, Hurley International, Umbro and Converse.Nike also owned Bauer Hockey(later renamed Nike Bauer)between 1995 and 2008.[4] In addition to manufacturing sportswear and equipment, the company operates retail stores under the Niketown name.Nike sponsors many high profile athletes and sports teams around the world, with the highly recognized trademarks of “Just do it” and the Swoosh logo.