第一篇：综合英语第二版4翻译U1~U14
综英翻译U1~U14 Unit1 1.我安排他们在小酒吧见面，但那个小伙子一直都没有来。
I had arranged for them to meet each other at the pub, but the young man never turned up.2.你无法仅凭表象判断形势是否会变得对我们不利。
You can not tell merely from appearances whether things will turn out unfavorable to us or not.3.那个士兵每次打仗都冲锋在前，从而赢得了国家的最高荣誉。
The soldier, who stood in the gap in every battle, gained the highest honors of the country.4.主席讲话很有说服力，委员会其他成员都听从他的意见。
The chairman spoke so forcefully that the rest of the committee yielded to his opinion.5.他们现在生活富裕了，但也曾经经历坎坷。
They are well-to-do now, but along the way they had their ups and downs.6.这次演讲我将说明两个问题。
There are two questions to which I will address myself in this lecture.7.我们正筹划为你举办一次盛大的圣诞聚会。We are planning a big Christmas party in your honor.8.听到那个曲子，我回想起了儿童时代。
Hearing that tune threw my mind back to my childhood.Unit2 1.那只鸽子被卡在树杈里，一会儿就跌落下来。
The pigeon was wedged in the fork of a branch and it fell after a while.2.驾车人该付多少钱需要根据他对别人的车子造成损坏的程度而定。
The payment that the motorist will have to make is proportional to the amount of damage he has done the other person’s car.3.你只有伏在地上慢慢爬过一条狭长的地道才能进入山洞。
You can only enter the cave by inching a narrow tunnel on your stomach.4.她一面结结巴巴地为没有敲门就进入我的办公室而道歉，一面羞怯地朝门口走去。
She stammered some apology for entering my office without knocking as she sidled towards the door.5.他尽力想爱你给我解释说不是因为我工作不好而解雇我，而是因为公司面临着财政困境。
He took pains to explain to me that I was not being dismissed because I didn’t do my work well but because the company was confronted by financial troubles.6.年轻士兵的入伍带来了新的希望并鼓舞了士气。
The enlistment of young soldiers infused new hope and morale into the army.7.一旦大一些的男孩子们声称草坪属于他们，小一些的孩子们就只好退避三舍。Once the older boys stake a claim to the lawn, the younger ones had to give way to them avoid conflict.8.跟在她身后的人让她心神不安，她不由地加快了脚步。
The man following her made her uneasy and she couldn’t help quickening her steps.Unit3 1.无可否认，香烟会使人上瘾。而且一旦你上了瘾，就很难戒除这个习惯。
There’s no denying that smoking in addictive.And once you are addicted, it’s very difficult to get rid of the habit.2.在日本人生产的一种电子游戏中，玩游戏的人可以模拟艾滋病患者从染上艾滋病毒直到死亡的经历。
In a Japanese-made video game, players can simulate the experience of AIDS from HIV infection until death.3.我肯定，你说你可以用这笔钱继续学习音乐是认真的。
I’m sure he was in earnest when he said that you could use this money to continue your study of music.4.我们只能以牺牲质量为代价来提高产量，但这可能会损害公司的声誉。
We can only increase production at the expense of quality, which could ruin the company’s reputation.5.她难得生气，不过这次她可真的是发脾气了。
She is not often given to anger, but this time she really lost her temper.6.一名外语教师如果要在中学任教，最起码要持有正规教育院校颁发的学位证书。A teacher of foreign language should possess at the very least a graduate degree from a certified education school or institute if he is to teach high school.7.我很快觉察到我无法使他改变想法。
I soon perceived that I couldn’t make him change his mind.Unit4 1.他们的牛都打上了字母C的烙印，所以很容易辨认。
Their cattle were branded with the letter “C” so that they could be easily identified.2.本赛季他真正发挥了一个的分手的作用。
In this season he has really come into his own as a scorer.3.一场经济危机正威胁着那个国家。
An economic crisis is hanging over that country.4.他是真正发号施令的人物，但他总是躲在幕后。
He is the man who really gives the order, but he always remains in the background.5.派出信使后，我们所能做的就只有等待了。
After dispatching the messenger, what is left for us to do is nothing but to wait.6.你只要一叫，他马上就到。
You just have to call and he’s here in a flash.7.他们在战争的阴霾下整整生活了17年。
They have lived in the shadow of war for altogether seventeen years.8.这些是现存的最后7只东北虎，如果人类不加以保护的话，这一种群的老虎将濒临灭亡。
These are the last seven Northeast Tigers in existence.If human beings failed to protect them, the tigers of this species would become distinct.Unit5 1.你的话的确有理，但你的表达方式近于粗暴。
Your remarks do make sense, but the way of expression borders on rudeness.2.失业人员都应该得到政府的帮助。
Any employed person counts at deserving government help.3.总的来说，我对这项实验是相当满意的。
On the whole I am quite satisfied with the experiment.4.一个人的外表会影响别人对他的看法。
A person’s appearance makes a difference in how others judge him.5.广告倾向于把妇女描绘成非常传统的角色。
Advertising tends to portray women in very traditional roles.6.刚刚继承了一大笔遗产的孪生姐妹急不可耐地炫耀她们的珠宝首饰。
Having inherited a considerable fortune, the twin sisters just couldn’t wait to show off their jewelry.7.公众关注的中心再次转移到了城市环境的变化问题。
Public interest has once again shifted its focus to the changes in the urban environment.8.新型列车可以以500公里左右的时速平稳地行驶，相比之下，那些旧车显得又慢又笨拙。
The new type of trains can run smoothly at the speed of about 500 kilometres per hour;in contrast, the old ones are slow and clumsy.Unit6 1.大厅里回响着小号独奏的乐曲声。
The hall resonated with the notes of the trumpet solo.2.我想想得出母亲在听到儿子死讯是那张苍白的脸。
I saw, in my mind’s eye, the pale face of the mother when she heard the news of her son’s death.3.他走路的样子使我想起他父亲也是这样走路的。
The way he walks reminds me of the way his father used to walk.4.我把日期搞错了。所以到达的日期不对了。I mixed the dates up and arrived on the wrong day.5.听到女儿被牛津大学录取，她心中充满自豪。
Her heart swelled with pride when she learned that her daughter had been admitted by Oxford University.6.理论上来说，全体公民都有权直接获取信息，而不必等候政府或媒体的过滤。Theoretically speaking, the whole population should have direct access to information without waiting for its being filtered by the government or the media.7.在此次总统选举中，民主党发动了一场拉拢女性选民的宣传活动。
Democrats have launched a campaign to win women voters over in this presidential election.8.他继承父亲的产业后，便沉溺于声色犬马之中。
After he inherited his father’s estate, he was immersed in all kinds of sensuous pleasures.Unit7 1.为了你的家庭，你要三思而后行，不要冒那么多的风险。
For the sake of your family, you should look before you leap and not take so many risks.2.昨晚喝了太多的酒，我感到有点不舒服。I feel a bit out of sorts after last night’s heavy drink.3.他的父亲找了无数的门路，帮他在一个已经臃肿不堪的政府机构找到一个职位。His father pulled endless wires and got him a position in an inflated government department.4.如果你仔细读这封信，就会在字里行间发现他的真正用意。
If you read his letter carefully, you can find his real intention between the lines.5.我知道我对他真是无理透顶，但我为自己找了各种理由。I knew I was downright rude to him, but I found excuses for myself.6.过去杰出的人物有很多是出类拔萃的多面手，像Leonardo da Vinci就集画家与发明家于一身。
Many of the outstanding figures of the past were exceptionally versatile men.Leonardo da Vinci, for instance, rolled a painter and an inventor into one.7.遭受了多年失眠的折磨后，他终于自杀了。
He finally killed himself after being under the torment of insomnia for many years.8.他惊讶得说不出话来。He was dumb with amazement.Unit8 1.探照灯的光柱掠过漆黑的水面。
Searchlights fingered across the black water.2.自从这座大厦发生了一起抢劫案之后，守夜人就更加小心了，他每小时都要巡视一次。
Since a robbery happened in this building, the night watchman has become more careful and makes his rounds once every hour.3.虽然已经没有任何力量支持他了，他依然坚持自己的计划。He stuck to his plan, though there was nothing left to prop him up.4.他被警方雇佣刺探恐怖分子的活动。
He is paid by the police to spy on the activities of the terrorists.5.总有一天他们会接受这个残酷的现实的。In time they will come to accept the harsh reality.6.那个人的行为非常可可疑。他假装睡觉，却不是窥视过往的行人。
That man’s behavior looks very suspicious.He is pretending to sleep, but now and then he steals furtive glance at the passers-by.7.这个国家近几年发生的社会、经济变化如此彻底，使所有邻国相形见绌。
The social and economic changes that have taken place in this country are so sweeping that it has dwarfed all its neighbours.8.在拂晓前昏暗的光线中，我看到一个黑影挡在门口。
In the dim light of the daybreak, I saw a dark shape looming athwart the door.Unit9 1.随着经济的发展，大量农民从乡村涌入城市打工。
With the development of economy large numbers of farmers flooded from the countryside into cities to seek a job.2.他年纪虽小，但评委们一致认为他在本次国际钢琴比赛中的表现已经接近完美。Young as he is, all judges share the opinion that his performance at the international piano competition has come close to perfection.3.也许是因为喝了烈性酒的关系，她去伦敦的路上一直恍恍惚惚的。
Perhaps because of the spirits she had drunk, she was in a daze all the way to London.4.在这个山区疗养所你会找到全国最好的气候。
In this mountain retreat you can find the best climate in the country.5.他倚到座位上，浑身放松，细细体味那份舒适。
He leaned back into his seat and relaxed, savoring the comfort.6.让这对年轻夫妇引以为荣的是他们的孩子3岁就能背诗了。
What makes this young couple proud is that their child could recite poems from memory at the age of three.7.他当众重复了他私下说过的话。
He repeated in public what he had said in private.8.建立一个充满生机和爱的家庭需要全家人的共同努力。
A family vibrant with life and love is to be built with the joint efforts of all its members.Unit10 1.政府承诺将不遗余力地支持我们的环保项目。
The government promises that it will spare no effort to support our environmental protection projects.2.她来之前对中国的历史、地理和文化一无所知。
She had no knowledge of Chinese history, geography and culture before she came to China.3.幼儿园里燃气的大火危及23个孩子的生命。
The fire that broke out in the kindergarten endangered 23 children’s lives.4.我们竭力把他从那个话题上扯开，因为我们知道他会泄露机密。
We tried our best to head him off the topic, because we knew he would reveal confidential information.5.演讲人洪亮的声音在大厅里回荡。
The sonorous voice of the speaker is echoing around the hall.6.勤勉和忠诚有时可以弥补能力不足。
Industry and loyalty sometimes compensate for the lack of ability.7.就我所知，他是从激烈的竞争中挣脱出来的少数人之一。
As far as I know, he was one of the few people who got out of the rat race.8.他留下了一些士兵来清除敌人的最后阵地。
He left a few men behind to clean up the last of the enemy positions.Unit11 1.我整个上午的工作都由于那件不幸之事而陷于停顿。
My whole morning’s work has been put out of gear by that mishap.2.他躲在树丛中，终于甩掉了追赶的人。
By hiding himself among the bushes, he at last flung off his pursuers.3.我们应该尽力消除制度中不公平的东西。
We must make every effort to wipe out the injustice in the system.4.士兵们坚守在那个孤立无援的阵地上，直到援兵到来。
The soldiers held on to that isolated position until reinforcements arrived.5.在所有的事实面前，他不得不承认偷了那份绝密文件。
In front of all the facts, he was compelled to admit that he had stolen that confidential document.6.他不会说英语，这使他在参加国际会议的时候处于不利地位。
His inability to speak English puts him at a disadvantage when he attends international conferences.7.这个地方几英里内都看不到人，这使我感到十分孤独。
Here there was no one in sight for miles, which made me feel very lonely.8.1945年5月初，即使是希特勒最狂热的支持者也都明白“千年帝国”是注定要毁灭的。
At the beginning of May 1945, it was clear even to the most zealous of Hitler’s followers that his “Thousand-Year Reich” was doomed.Unit12 1.这部电影讲的是一个上了年纪的女人和一个与她交朋友的年轻护士的故事。The film is about an elderly lady and a young nurse who befriended her.2.在家庭这个社会细胞中，作为母亲和妻子，妇女充当默默无闻却很重要的角色。In a family, a cell of society, women as mother and wife play an unregarded but important role.3.经历了多次荣枯盛衰、历史变迁，它现在是一个充满生机和活力的城市。
Having experienced many changes of history, many rises and falls of fortune, it is at present a city vibrant with life and energy.4.当地的俱乐部已被降级编入乙级队。
The local club has been relegated to the second division.5.董事会正在调查总经理是否有严重违背职业操守的行为。
The board is investigating whether the general manager has been guilty of serious professional misconduct.6.我们不能以现代的观点去解释他的话，而应理解他作为一个作家的时代局限性。We can not interpret his words in a modern light, but must understand the limitations imposed on him by the time in which he wrote.7.尽管这证据是我们不得不承认的事实，陪审团仍然宣判他没有犯诈骗罪。
The jury pronounced him innocent of fraud, though the evidence against him is a fact to which we can not close our eyes.8.泰坦尼克号的悲剧不会在现代社会上演。船上的电脑能够自动改变航线，更不用说提前发现冰山了。
The tragedy of the Titanic can never occur in modern society.The shipboard computer can automatically alter the course, let alone discover an iceberg in advance.Unit13 1.尼日利亚的石油工业饱受腐败困扰。其结果是油价上涨，人权遭到践踏。
Nigeria’s oil industry is beset with corruption.The result is higher oil prices and human rights abuses.2.我们非常清楚所面临的挑战有多严重、多巨大。
We’re under no illusions about the seriousness and the size of the challenge.3.即使你拒绝我们的建议，我也想对你的无知谈谈看法。
Even if you refuse our suggestion, I still want to say something in regard to your ignorance.4.我们注意到他的诗句如何打动了她的心。
We have noticed how his poem went home to her heart.5.如果这个世界上都是坦白正直的人，我们就能避免许多无休止的争论！
If the world were populated with all upright men, we would be able to refrain from many ceaseless arguments.6.不要奢望迅速完事，因为想要快点完成任务，就不可能把事情做得很彻底。Do not be desirous of having things done quickly.Desire to have things done quickly prevents their being done thoroughly.7.守在大钟附近的士兵是不会被诱离他的哨位的。
The guard near the big clock cannot be decoyed away from his post.8.每天按时散步也许是延长老年人生命的最可行的运动方式之一。
Taking a regular walk every day is probably one of the most feasible forms of exercise to prolong life for the elderly.Unit14 1.国会有责任确保在诉诸武力之前已经用尽所有的和平手段。
Congress has the responsibility to ensure that all peaceful options are exhausted before resorting to war.2.我们10点钟下班，由夜班接手。
We stop work at 10 o’clock, and then the night shift takes over.3.我十分天真地把信息给了他，没想到他会用它来图谋私利。
I gave him the information in all innocence without realizing he would use it for his personal gain.4.他不用服国家兵役，因为他从事的是免于征兵的职业。
He was exempt from national service because he was in a reserved occupation.5.他感到莫名奇妙的不安。
He was seized with a restlessness he could not account for.6.那样的房子我都租不起，更不用说买了。
I can’t afford to rent a house like that, let alone buy it.7.她属于那类关于我行我素的人。
She belongs to that kind of people who are accustomed to having their own way.8.他在尘世间所拥有的财产总共不过随身衣物而已。
His total worldly possessions amounted to the clothes he stood up in.
第二篇：英语U演讲稿
英语演讲稿 我的梦想 一(my dream)students, guests , teachers and honorable judges.good morning!as the whole world has its boundaries, limits and freedom coexist in i dream that one day, i could escape from the deep sea of thick schoolbooks and lead my own life.with my favorite fictions, i lie freely on the green grass, smelling the spring, listening to the wind singing, breathing the fresh and cool air and dissolve my soul in nature at last.simple and short enjoyment can bring me great satisfaction.students, guests , teachers and honorable judges good morning!my great pleasure to share my dream with you today.when i was a child, students, guests , teachers and honorable judges good morning!my great pleasure to share my dream with you today.i have kept the dream in my mind for so long that whoever in the sun is able to live a happy life for ever.i think this dream is deeply rooted in the future.as we can see, we i will not just wait but to take action to live in my dream.how to say future? man’s life is a process of growing up, actually i’m standing here is a growth.if i can achieve this “future”, i think that i really grow up.and i deeply believe kindred, good-fellowship and love will perfection and happy in the future.how to say future? maybe it’s a nice wish.let‘s make up our minds, stick to it and surely well enjoy our life.future is a process，not a result.prepare the best；enjoy the most.the future is now-it is my firm belief as well as my philosophy.can we do nothing but dream about good luck？without hardwork，can we be kissed by good fortune？ if we really want to have a bright future，we have to take advantage of everything we possess now。if we really want to have a bright future，we have to do well what we can do now.if we really want to have a bright future，we have to race the clock.just remember：the future is now，many many nows make up the future！please allow me to end my speech with a short poem，which can best express what i want to tell all of you： yesterday is history，tomorrow is mystery，today is a gift，so，we call it “present”！my dear fellow students，respectable judges，i wish everybody present a bright future。i wish a fruitful future is waiting for you！thank you！篇二：英语演讲稿大全(摘录)英语演讲稿：cherish the water 珍爱生命之水 my dear teachers，fellow students and friends： good afternoon． as we all know, the earth is a planet almost covered by water，and it is water made every thing on the earth lively．water is also one of the important part of our environment．though，is there really so much water for us to clean，to produce many things，to play with? how much water are there on the earth then? most of the water is in the oceans or locked away as ice．the largest volumes of fresh water are stored underground as groundwater，imagine there is only one barrel of water in the world，then there is only a spoon of it on the land，and the water we can use is only a drop of it．now i have to remind all of you here that the single drop of water is never as clean as before，it has been polluted severely by our human beings． there is a very beautiful river in paris．it is the seine，it runs across the city，people drink coffee, chat on the bank in the day，at night，they enjoy the beautiful scenery in the boat，songs from the river fly into the sky made the river more attractive, the seine is a famous symbol of france；on the west coast of pacific ocean there lies the modern city shanghai，another river which used to be a very important transportation route runs through the center of the city，people respected and regard it asmother．it is thesuzhou river，but l believe that few of you would sit beside it，people will be scattered by the terrible smell of water when walk by．i have to say it is extremely dirty!and we all know that a lot of beautiful rivers in the world also are sharing the same fate with suzhou river． who is the devil? i cant help asking． many human activities and their by-products have the potential to pollute water.please have a look along the banks of the river, large and small industrial enterprises discharge dirty the unique earth is the only planet full of lives, the water is just like the blood in the active body, protecting water is saving ourselves.not to waste a single drop of water, otherwise, the only drop of water we could keep in the future would be our tear!my dear friends, mankind still faces a great difficulty in solving the problems of the environment and development, and there is a grand task to perform and along way to go.the middle school students in china will always cooperate with the young people of the world to protect the environment.the future is ours to build!thanks for listening.英语演讲稿：i love english who go to learn english has increased at a high speed.but for myself,i learn english not only because of its importance and its usefulness,but also because of my love for it.when i learn english, i can feel a different way of thinking which gives me more room to touch the world.when i read english novels,i can feel the pleasure from the book which is different from reading the translation.when i speak english, i can feel the confident from my words.when i write english,i can see the beauty which is not the same as our chinese...i love english,it gives me a colorful dream.i hope i can travel around the world one day.with my good english, i can make friends with many people from different contries.i can see many places of great intrests.i dream that i can go to london,because it is the birth place of english.i also want to use my good english to introduce our great places to the english spoken people,i hope that they can love our country like us.i know, rome was not built in a day.i believe that after continuous hard study, one day i can speak english very well.if you want to be loved, you should learn to love and be lovable.so i believe as i love english everyday , it will love me too.i am sure that i will realize my dream one day!10分钟英语演讲范文
in the matter of courage we all have our limits.there never was a to its limit.i have found mine a good many times.sometimes this was expected--often it was unexpected.i know a man who is not afraid to sleep with a rattle-snake, but you could not get him to sleep with a safety-razor.i never had the courage to talk across a long, narrow room.i should be at the end of the room facing all the audience.if i attempt to talk across a room i find myself turning this way and that, and thus at alternate periods i have part of the audience behind me.you ought never to have any part of the audience behind you;you never can tell what they are going to do.ill sit down.中文：
在勇气问题上，人人都有极限。从来就没有胆大包天的英雄好汉。我想，可以说，纳尔逊和所有那些被大量宣传的勇士，一生中都有勇
气达到极限的时候。我就多次发现自己的勇气到了极限。有时是意料之中的——经常是出乎意料的。我认识一个人．此君不怕与响尾蛇同寝，可你无法让
他与保安剃刀共眠。
第三篇：新世纪大学英语第三册原文每段翻译U
新世纪大学英语 第三册 原文 每段翻译 U
UNIT 6：Culture Shock |文化冲击|
Kalervo Oberg
We might almost call culture shock an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad.Like most ailments it has its own cause, symptoms, and cure.我们不妨把文化冲击称为突然置身国外的人们所得的职业病。和大部分疾病一样，这种病有其独特的起因、症状和疗法。
Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse.These signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situations of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to give orders to servants, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not.These cues which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept.All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues.文化冲击是因为我们失去熟悉的社会交往标记和符号而产生的焦虑所促成。这些标志或暗示包括我们应付日常生活各种情境时使用的诸多方式方法：与人会面时何时握手、该说些什么；在什么时间、以什么方式付小费；如何吩咐佣 人；怎样购物；何时该接受、何时该拒绝他人的邀请；别人说的话，何时该当真，何时不该当真。这些暗示可以是语 言、手势、面部表情、风俗习惯或社会行为标准。我们在成长的过程中获得了这些暗示，就像我们的语言和我们所接受的信仰一样，它们已经成为我们文化的一部分。我们所有的人都依赖成百上千个这样的暗示才能拥有宁静的心境，过上高效率的生活。
Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed.He or she is like a fish out of water.No matter how broad-minded you may be, a series of props have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety.People react to the frustration in much the same way.First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort: a€?The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad.a€? When Americans or other foreigners in a strange land get together to complain about the host country and its people a€” you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock.Another phase of culture shock is regression.The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance.To an American everything American becomes irrationally glorified.All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered.It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.当你走进一种陌
生的文化，你所熟悉的所有或大部分文化暗示也就随之消失。此时的你宛如一条离开水的鱼。无论你的心胸多么开阔，你赖以生存的支柱此时都已倒塌，挫折感和焦虑感油然而生。人们对此种挫折的反应非常相似：他们首先排斥令他们不适的环境：“我们所到之国的生活方式很不好，让我们感觉很糟糕。”当美国人或其他的外国人来到一个陌生的国度，聚在一起抱怨所到之国及其人民时 —— 可以肯定，他们正深受文化冲击之苦。文化冲击的另外一个阶段是回归。故乡的一草一木突然变得极为重要。一个美国人会不合理地美化美国的一切事物。在自己国家所经历的困难和问题都抛在了脑后，只记得故乡美好的事物。通常要回国一趟方可回到现实中。
In an effort to get over culture shock, there is some value in knowing something about the nature of culture and its relationship to the individual.In addition to living in a physical environment, an individual lives in a cultural environment consisting of man-made physical objects, social institutions, and ideas and beliefs.An individual is not born with culture but only with the capacity to learn it and use it.There is nothing in a new born child which dictates that it should eventually speak Portuguese, English, or French;nor that he should eat with a fork in his left hand rather than in the right or use chopsticks.All these things the child has to learn.Nor are the parents responsible for the culture which they transmit to their young.The culture of any people is the product of history and is built up over time largely through processes which are beyond his awareness.It is by means of culture that the young learn to adapt themselves to the physical environment and to the people with whom they associate.And as we know, children and adolescents often experience difficulties in this process of learning and adjustment.But once learned, culture becomes a way of life.要克服文化冲击的心理，了解文化的性质及其与个人的关系会有所裨益。除了赖以生存的自然环境，一个人还生活在由人造的有形物体、社会风俗、观念和信仰构成的文化环境中。一个人并非天生就有文化，而是生来就具备学习和使用文化的能力。新生婴儿的身上不存在一种只许他最终说葡萄牙语、英语或法语的东西，也不存在一种只许他用左手而不是右手执叉或只许他用筷子吃饭的东西。这些东西都是要孩子去学习的。文化也不是由父母负责传递给孩子的。任何一个民族的文化都是历史的产物，经过漫长的、本民族意识不到的过程才得以积累形成。孩子通过文化学会适应周围的物质环境，学会和周围的人打交道。众所周知，青少年在学习和适应的过程中经常遇到困难。但是，文化一旦学会了
，就会成为一种生活方式。
People have a way of accepting their culture as both the best and the only way of doing things.This is perfectly normal and understandable.To this attitude we give the name ethnocentrism, a belief that not only the culture but the race and the nation form the center of the world.Individuals identify themselves with their own group to the extent that any critical comment is taken as a remark which is rude to the individual as well as to the group.If you criticize my country, you are criticizing me;if you criticize me, you are criticizing my country.Along with this attitude goes the tendency to attribute all individual peculiarities as national characteristics.For instance, if an American does something odd or anti-social in a foreign country which back home would be considered a purely individual act, this is now considered a national trait.He acts that way not because he is Joe Doaks but because he is an American.Instead of being censured as an individual, his country is censured.It is thus best to recognize that ethnocentrism is a permanent characteristic of national groups.Even if a national criticizes some aspect of his own culture, the foreigner should listen but not enter into the criticism.人们往往认为自己的文化是最好的，是生活的唯一方 式。这非常正常，完全可以理解。我们把这种态度称为“民族优越感”，即一种认为自己的文化、种族和国家构成世界中心的想法。个人往往将自己与所处的群体等同起来，因此任何批评的言论在他们看来都是对个人及其群体不尊敬的：如果你批评我的祖国，你就是在批评我；如果你批评我，你就是在批评我的祖国。抱着这种态度，人们往往把个人的怪癖归结为民族的特点。例如，倘若一个美国人在国外做出怪异的或有悖社会公德的事情，在美国国内的人们会认为这纯属个人行为，但在国外却被视为一种民族特性：他那样做并非因为他是乔?多克斯，而是因为他是个美国人。遭受责难的不是他这个个体，而是他的祖国。因此，我们最好把民族优越感看成是民族群体的一个永恒的特性。即使一个国家的公民批评了自己文化的某些方面，外国人也只应当听着，而不应该参与批评。
Once you realize that your trouble is due to your own lack of understanding of other peoplea€?s cultural background and your own lack of the means of communication rather than the hostility of an alien environment, you also realize that you yourself can gain this understanding and these means of communication.And the sooner you do this, the sooner culture shock will disappear.你一旦意识到面临的问题并非因为异域的敌意而是因为自己对其他民族的文化背景缺乏理解或者缺乏与对方沟通的方式，你同时就会意识到你本身能够了解他人的文化，并能
够掌握那些交流的方式。你越早做到这一点，文化冲击就消失得越快。
The question now arises, what can you do to get over culture shock as quickly as possible? The answer is getting to know the people of the host country.But this you cannot do with any success without knowing the language, for language is the principal symbol system of communication.Now we all know that learning a new language is difficult, particularly to adults.This task alone is quite enough to cause frustration and anxiety, no matter how skillful language teachers are in making it easy for you.But once you begin to be able to carry on a friendly conversation with your maid, your neighbour, or to go on shopping trips alone, you not only gain confidence and a feeling of power but a whole new world of cultural meanings opens up for you.接下来的问题是，你怎样做才能尽快克服文化冲击？答案是：了解所到之国的国民。但是，倘若不懂语言，你是无法成功地实现这一目标的，因为语言是用于交流的主要的符号系统。我们现在都知道，学习一门新的语言不容易，对成年人来说，尤为如此。无论教语言的老师多么擅长于减轻你学习语言的难度，单单学语言这项任务都足以让你焦虑不 安、饱受挫折。不过，你一旦能够和女佣、邻居进行友好的交谈，能够单独出门购物，你就会重获信心，充满力量，一个蕴含各种文化意义的新世界就向你敞开了大门。
You begin to find out what people do, how they do it, and what their interests are.People usually express these interests by what they habitually talk about and how they allocate their time and money.Once you know this value or interest pattern it will be quite easy to get people to talk to and be interested in you.你开始发现人们做些什么、做事情的方式以及令他们感兴趣的事情。人们往往通过日常的谈话内容和时间、金钱的分配方式来表达自己的兴趣爱好。你一旦了解了他们的兴趣和价值模式，就很容易和他们交谈，也容易让他们对你产生兴趣。
At times it is helpful to be a participant observer by joining the activities of the people, to try to share in their responses, whether this be a carnival, a religious ritual, or some economic activity.Yet the visitor should never forget that he or she is an outsider and will be treated as such.He or she should view this participation as a role playing.Understanding the ways of a people is essential but this does not mean that you have to give up your own.What happens is that you have developed two patterns of behavior.有时候，参加人们举办的各种活动，不管是嘉年华会、宗教仪式还是经济活动，在活动中仔细观察，和人们一起喜怒哀乐，这都有好处。不过，你永远都不要忘记，你是一个外人，人们也会把你当成一个外人对待。
你应当把参与活动看成角色扮演。了解一个民族的生活方式很重要，但这并非意味着你要放弃自己的文化。实际上，你已经具备两种行为方式。
第四篇：八下英语作文U
作文Unit1 最近一段时间，班级有很多人头痛、感冒并感到疲劳。为了使同学早日恢复健康，请你在学校宣传栏中提出以下建议。要求80字左右。
Dear friends:
Many students have got a headache.They have got a cold and often feel tired.Here is some advice for you to keep healthy.You should exercise every day.You should keep the windows of your bedrooms open.You shouldn’t keep the windows closed all the time.You must wash your hands, especially before meals.Drink more water every day.When you are tired, you shouldn’t work too late at night.You should go to bed early.I hope you all keep off a cold and stay healthy.Unit2
小华是个八年级的学生，晚上经常在家温习功课。可是住在他家楼上的是两个年轻的小伙子，他们经常在家唱歌，跳舞，收音机的声音很大，影响小华做功课。请你替小华写封信给那两个小伙子，希望他们注意此事。词数60-80.注意格式。
Dear sirs，I am Xiao Hua.I am your neighbour downstairs.I am writing to you to complain about the noise you made in your house in the evening.You know, I am a student in Grade 8, so I have to do my lessons in the evening.Could you please not sing and dance in your house and turn down your radio ? If you do that, I’ll be very thankful.Best wishes.Yours, Xiao Hua
Unit3
假如你是班主任老师，今天是Jenny 和Nancy值日，当你走进教室后发现室内卫生不好，请你用Could you please„„？句型，礼貌地让她们打扫一下室内卫生。
Jenny and Nancy，you are on duty today，I think.When I came into the classroom this morning, I found the classroom was not clean as usual.Could you please clean the blackboard? Could you please sweep the floor and make the classroom clean and tidy? Could you please get some water ? Could you please clean the windows? Unit4 假如你是Julia，Jane是你的好朋友，但她弄丢了你的书，为此你们发生了争执，并多日未交谈，在自我反省后，你觉得有必要写一封信向她道歉，并向她提出爱护好自己物品的建议，请就此向她发一封e-mail表示你的诚意。
【思路点拨】 此篇作文以自己与朋友吵架为线索，针对自己的烦恼，向朋友真诚地道歉，并且给朋友提出合理的建议。因此在写作过程中主要用到一般过去时和一般现在时。
【佳作鉴赏】
Dear Jane，I’m sorry to have a fight with you a few days ago.We haven’t talked with each other these days.You are still my best friend, aren’t you?
Some days ago, when I heard that you lost my book, I was really mad.So I argued with you, and said that I could not be your best friend from then on.Later, I didn’t sleep well at night.I always remembered a lot of fun we had.So I decided to write a letter to say sorry to you.I also think you should be careful and take good care of your things.Let’s be best friends.again,OK?
Yours
Julia
Unit 5 书面表达。
2008年，在中国发生了不少重大事件。请根据下面表格中的信息提示，描述当这些事件发生时，你在干什么。70-80词。
1)Time Events 2:28 pm, May 12th, 2008 A big earthquake happened in Wenchuan, Sichuan.2)8:00 pm, August 8th, 2008 The 29th Olympics opened in Beijing.3)September 25th, 2008 Shenzhou VII went into space.I still remember what I was doing when these important events happened.When the big earthquake happened on May 12th, 2008, I was taking an English lesson in the classroom.I felt very sorry.And I was watching TV with my parents when the 29th Olympics opened in Beijing.How exciting it was!When Shenzhou VII went into space on September 25th, I was listening to the radio with my classmates.We talked about it a lot.Unit6
下面描述的是2012年5月16日（周三，晴天）你的一次经历，请根据其内容，用英语写一篇80词左右的日记。日记的开头格式已给出，不计入文章总词数。注意要点完整，语法正确，上下文连贯，并适当发挥。
要点：
1、下午放学后
2、爸爸出差，妈妈生病卧床
3、照顾妈妈，送医院，买药，煮饭、洗衣服等等
4、后来受父母表扬
5、自己对该经历的感触
Unit7
1、（四川自贡）北京将迎来2008年的奥运会，请以主人的身份向外国朋友介绍一下北京和北京几个著名的景点。根据以下提示写一篇短文。
1.北京是一个历史悠久的城市； 2.北京有许多名胜古迹；
3.紫禁城是最受来宾欢迎的景点之一；
4.故宫非常漂亮和著名；
5.长城也是非常美丽可去一看的地方
6.天安门广场是一个好去处，可去漫步。
注：⑴ 字数80左右。
⑵ 请不要逐字翻译，可适当添加细节，使行文连贯、意思完整、符合逻辑。
⑶ 参考词汇：紫禁城 The Forbidden City 故宫 The Summer Palace 天安门广场 Tian’anmen Square
参考作文：
Beijing is a city with a long history.There are many places of interest in it.Now let me tell you some of them.The Forbidden City is one of the most popular ones for visitors.It is very big and you can learn much about the history of China from it.The Summer Palace is beautiful and famous, too.The Great Wall is also a wonderful place to go.And Tian' anmen Square is a good place for people to take a walk.I hope you will enjoy your staying in Beijing.Units8-10
其他
中学生该不该上网
最近你们学校要举行一次“中学生该不该上网”的讨论。你是赞成者之一，认为我们不应该因噎废食。请根据下面的内容写一篇发言篇。
要求：字数100词左右
注意：不要逐句翻译。
要点提示：
1.看国内外新闻，获取信息。
2.发e-mail，打电话。
3.上网络学校，阅读各种书籍，自学外语。
4.欣赏音乐，观看体育比赛，玩棋牌等游戏，网上购物，丰富我们的生活。
5.提高我们操作电脑的能力
注意事项：
1.不要沉湎于(be given to)上网以免影响生活和学习。
2.不要上不健康的网站。
参考范文：
In my opinion, the Internet is helpful rather than harmful as someone else thinks.As is known to all, the Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life.On the Internet, we can read news at home and from abroad and get as much information as we can.We can send e-mails or make phone calls to our family as well as to our friends.We can also attend the net school, read many books and even teach ourselves English.We can also enjoy music, watch matches and play computer games on the Internet.We can even do shopping on line.Besides we can improve our ability to operate the computer.But we should not be given to the Internet, or we’ll get our life and study destroyed.Besides, we should keep off the harmful websites.Anyhow, this doesn’t prevent the Internet becoming our friend.We can’t throw away the apple because of the core, can we?
第五篇：汉语拼音2i u ü
汉语拼音2 i u ü》课堂实录及反思 浙江省金华市环城小学
金海燕
【教学目标】
１、学会 i、u、ü 三个单韵母，读准音，认清形，在四线格里正确书写。
２、学会三个整体认读音节 yi、wu、yu 和它们的四声。
３、充分凭借教材中的情境图，通过看看、听听、读读、练练等生动活泼的形式学习拼音字母。
【教学过程】
第一课时
１、复习a、o、e 的四个声调。（可以用说话来练习／也可以用开火车的形式）
２、导入新课：
师：小朋友们，今天老师要带你们去一个美丽的小院子里去看一看。请打开书本第８页。（最好有幻灯片）你们喜欢这个地方吗？
生：„„
师：图上有什么呀？
生：„„
师：这个小院子可真漂亮。今天在这个美丽的小元在里我们还可以学到很多的东西，可丰富，可有趣啦！
师：我们先来看看“i、u、ü”这三个单韵母，在拼音里啊住着很多人家，有声母一家，韵母一家还有整体认读音节一家。今天我们要学的“i、u、ü”和我们上次学的“i、u、ü”都是一家人，它们都是韵母家的。
师：现在我们先来学韵母“i”，小朋友们看，一根小木棍上面家一个小圆点，就是“i”了，是不是非常简单啊？请小朋友们跟着老师一起念。“i”注意念的时候嘴巴向两边展。
生：„„
师：好的，下面我们要在四线格里把“i”写漂亮。跟着老师一起写。
生：„„
师：好了，然后呢，我们给“i”来标声调。该怎么标呢，它头上的小圆点要不要去掉呢？这个“i”啊可是个很有礼貌的绅士，别人要给它戴上声调小帽子，它几赶紧先把自己的帽子摘下来。所以标调的时候它的小圆点就没有了。我们一起来把标好声调的“i”分组来读一读，看看哪一组读得最好。
生：„„
师：接下来看看第二个韵母“u”小朋友们自己能不能学会读，同桌可以互相读读看。
生：„„
师：好，现在请几位小朋友来读一读。
生：„„
师：一边纠正一边带小朋友们读。这个“u”啊像什么呢？我们可以在图上找一找。
生：像乌鸦的巢
师：是的，小朋友们一下就看出来了。我们写的时候可不是这样圆圆的，先写竖弯，然后再加上一个小竖。请小朋友们练一练。（老师巡视指导）
生：„„
师：小朋友们这么能干，我想第三个韵母“ü”也一定能自己学会。好现在自己读，自己写。
生：„„
师：好，我们看看哪些小朋友自己已经学会了，把你学的方法介绍给大家。
生：„„
师：“ü”像个什么啊，在我们的小院子里能找到吗？
生：像小鱼在玩泡泡。
师：它还和谁很像啊，我们刚学的“u”很像是不是啊？只是在它的头上还多了两点，它念作“ü”。
师：好，“u”、“ü”小朋友们自己都学会了，那么它们标声调该怎么办呢，又怎么念呢？我们一起来学一学。
师：“u”标声调的时候很简单，在它的头上标上就可以了，可是“ü”就麻烦了，它的头上还有两个小圆圈呢。
生：„„
师：“ü”标声调的时候两点不去掉。现在我们一起来念（“u”的四声和“ü”的四声）
小结：今天我们又认识了几个好朋友，它们是韵母家的“i、u、ü”。
〖反思〗
这节课最遗憾的地方就是书本上的图利用的不是很好，只在前面讲故事的时候用到一下，还有在找像字母的东西的时候用到有下，整个图的情境没能用出来。
第二课时
小朋友们，上次我们学习了汉语拼音中的一个家庭，就是单韵母家，今天我们要来熟悉一下另外两个家庭，声母和整体认读音节。
师：先来看两个声母 y、w（出示卡片）。y 的读音和 i 是一样的，但是我们要牢记，y 是声母，我们把它叫做大 y。而是单韵母 i，叫做小 I，我们用一首儿歌来把它们记住：声母 y，韵母 i，大 y 小 I 都念“衣”）
生：„„
师：这儿还有一个声母呢！（出示 w），它的读音和（出示）的读音又是一样的，可是啊它们也是有不一样的地方，小朋友们知道吗？
生：„„
师：小朋友们可真了不起，这个是声母，叫大，而这个是韵母，叫小。现在小朋友们能像刚才老师记大和小的时候一样，把大和小编成儿歌吗？（声母，韵母，大小都念）
生：„„
师：好了，现在小朋友们把这两个声母都认识了，那么它们怎么写呢？你们能记住大和小是什么样子的吗？你们有什么好的方法呢，让我们大家一起来分享。生：„„
师：小朋友们真聪明，有那么多好办法，一下子就记住了。然后在撕线格里写的时候要注意什么呢？（请小朋友来说说看）
生：„„
师：跟着来势一起写，看看哪位小朋友最认真，学得最快又最好。（右斜，左斜）我们来看，大占了两格，是？大占了？
生：„„
师：大和大两个声母我们也学会了，现在我们要学一学整体认读音节了。请大家看大带着小来了（出示），它就是整体认读音节了，也读作。注意整体认读音节直接就把它读出来，我们一起来。
生：„„
师：在写整体认读音节的时候，大带小要挨得紧一点，可不要把小带丢了。我们请小朋友上来写一写，能不能写正确，写漂亮。
生：„„
师：好，小朋友很能干，可是写得不够漂亮，跟着老师一起再写一写。（在四线格中写）
师：给整体认读音节标上四个声调，小朋友们会吗？
生：„„
师：标在哪里呢？标在单韵母小上，我们说过给小标调的时候要先把它自己头上的帽子摘掉。我们把标上声调的（出示）一起来读一读，注意读的时候要直接把整个读出来。
生：„„
师：第二个整体认读音节是大带小，还是念作。大家一起来念。那么带声调怎么念呢？（出示）在写的时候同样要注意挨紧。
师：我们今天要学的最后一个整体认读音节还有一个小故事呢！小有大带，小有大带，就声下小没人带，于是它很伤心的哭了。大听见了就走过来问小为什么哭，小说没人带它。大就对小说，别哭别哭，以后我来带你吧！小听了就不哭了，擦掉了两滴眼泪，跟着大，就这样组成了整体认读音节。师：小也有人掉了，大带小读作，那么我们也给来标上声调。大家一起来读。
师：我们也会读了，写的时候还是要注意两个要粘紧。请小朋友们自己练一练。
生：„„
小结：小朋友们有没有发现在给整体认读音节标声调的时候都是标在后面的韵母上的。请小朋友注意可不要标到声母上面去哦！
〖反思〗
１、这节课的内容比较多，在细节的指导上还不够，比如写法上，没有仔细。
２、基础好的小朋友学得很快，这样整个把握就比较难，可能忽视了一写基础差一点的小朋友。
３、课堂上整体思路比较清晰，每一步都很清楚，学生基本也能跟上节奏。
点击咨询 