第一篇：考博英语完形填空冲刺2016模拟试题及答案
考博英语完形填空冲刺模拟试题
（一）Generally speaking, a British is widely regarded as a quiet, shy and conservative person who is ___1___ only among those with whom he is acquainted.When
a stranger is at present, he often seems nervous, ___2___ embarrassed.You have to take a commuter train any morning or evening to ___3___ the truth of this.Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a corner;hardly anybody talks, since to do so would be considered quite
offensive.___4___, there is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which, ___5___ broken, makes the offender immediately the object of ___6___.It has been known as a fact that the a British has a ___7___ for the discussion of their weather and that, if given a chance, he will talk about it
___8___.Some people argue that it is because the British weather seldom ___9___ forecast and hence becomes a source of interest and ___10___ to everyone.This may be so.___11___ a British cannot have much ___12___ in the weathermen, who, after promising fine, sunny weather for the following day, are often
proved wrong ___13___ a cloud over the Atlantic brings rainy weather to all districts!The man in the street seems to be as accurate---or as inaccurate---as
the weathermen in his ___14___.Foreigners may be surprised at the number of references ___15___ weather that the British make to each other in the course of a single day.Very often
conversational greetings are ___16___ by comments on the weather.“Nice day, isn't it?” “Beautiful!” may well be heard instead of “Good morning, how are
you?” ___17___ the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic, it is worthwhile pointing out that it could be used to his advantage.___18___ he wants
to start a conversation with a British but is ___19___ to knowswheresto begin, he could do well to mention the state of the weather.It is a safe subject
which will ___20___ an answer from even the most reserved of the British.1.A.relaxed B.frustrated C.amused D.exhausted 2.A.yet B.otherwise C.even D.so
3.A.experience B.witness C.watch D.undergo
4.A.Deliberately B.Consequently C.Frequently D.Apparently 5.A.unless B.once C.while D.as
6.A.suspicion B.opposition C.criticism D.praise 7.A.emotion B.fancy C.likeliness D.judgement
8.A.at length B.to a great extent C.from his heart D.by all means 9.A.follows B.predicts C.defies D.supports
10.A.dedication B.compassion C.contemplation D.speculation 11.A.Still B.Also C.Certainly D.Fundamentally 12.A.faith B.reliance C.honor D.credit 13.A.if B.once C.when D.whereas
14.A.propositions B.predictions C.approval D.defiance 15.A.about B.on C.in D.to
16.A.started B.conducted C.replaced D.proposed 17.A.Since B.Although C.However D.Only if 18.A.Even if B.Because C.If D.For
19.A.at a loss B.at last C.insgroupsD.on the occasion 20.A.stimulate B.constitute C.furnish D.provoke 参考答案：
1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.A 10.D
11.C 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.C 17.B 18.C 19.A 20.D
（二）Music comes in many forms;most countries have a style of their own.__1__the turn of the century when jazz(爵士乐)was born, America had no prominent__2__of its own.No one knows exactly when jazz was__ 3__, or by whom.But it began to be__4__in the early 1900s.Jazz is America's contribution to__5__music.In contrast to classical music, which__6__ formal European traditions.jazz is spontaneous and free-form.It bubbles with energy,__7__ moods, interests and emotions of the people.In the 1920s jazz__8__like America.And__9__it does today.The__10__of this music arc as interesting as the music__11__, American Negroes , or blacks, as they are called today were the Jazz__12__.They were brought to the Southern states__ 13__ slaves.They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long__14__.When a Negro died his friends and relatives__15__a procession to carry the body to the cemetery.In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the__ 16__.On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion.__17__on the way home the mood changed.Spirits lifted.Death had removed one of their__18__, but the living were glad to be alive.The band played__19__music, improvising(即兴表演)on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes__20__at the funeral.This music made everyone wan to dance.It was an early form of Jazz.1.A)By B)At C)In D)On
2.A)music B)song C)melody D)style
3.A)discovered B)acted C)invented D)designed
4.A)noticed B)found C)listened D)heard
5.A)classical B)sacred C)Popular D)light
6.A)forms B)follows C)approaches D)introduces
7.A)expressing B)explaining C)exposing D)illustrating
8.A)appeared B)felt C)seemed D)sounded
9.A)as B)so C)either D)neither
10.A)origins B)originals C)discoveries D)resources
11.A)concerned B)itself C)available D)oneself
12.A)Players B)fo llowers C)fans D)pioneers
13.A)for B)as C)with D)by
14.A)months B)weeks C)hours D)times
15.A)demonstrated B)composed C)hosted D)formed
16.A)demonstration B)procession C)body D)march
17.A)Even B)Therefore C)Furthermore D)But
18.A)number B)members C)body D)relations
19.A)sad B)solemn C)happy D)funeral
20.A)whistled B)sung C)presented D)showed
参考答案：
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.A
11.B 12.D 13.B 14.C 15.D 16.B 17.D 18.B 19.C 20.C
（三）Throughout the 19th century and into the 20th, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities.Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centres of 1 , crime, poverty and moral 2.Their distrust was caused, 3.by a national ideology that 4 farming the greatest occupation and rural living 5 to urban living.This attitude 6 even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential 7 of the national landscape.Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology.Thousands 8 the precarious(不稳定的)life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city.But when these people 9 from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicions with them.These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were 10 with great problems, eagerly 11 the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the 12 of the city.One of many reforms came 13 the area of public utilities.Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by 14 governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned.Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would 15 exorbitant(过度的)rates for these essential services and 16 them only to people who could afford them.Some city and state governments responded by 17 the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves.18 of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would 19 widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a 20 price.1.[A]eruption [B]corruption [C]interruption [D]provocation 2.[A]disgrace [B]deterioration [C]dishonor [D]degradation 3.[A]by origin [B]in part [C]at all [D]at random 4.[A]proclaimed [B]exclaimed [C]claimed [D]reclaimed 5.[A]superb [B]super [C]exceptional [D]superior 6.[A]predominated [B]dominated [C]commanded [D]prevailed
7.[A]feature [B]peculiarity [C]quality [D]attribute 8.[A]deserted [B]departed [C]abolished [D]abandoned 9.[A]reallocated [B]migrated [C]replaced [D]substituted 10.[A]overwhelmed [B]overflowed [C]overtaken [D]preoccupied 11.[A]embraced [B]adopted [C]hugged [D]outbreaks 12.[A]chaos [B]chores [C]chorus [D]outbreaks 13.[A]at [B]by [C]out [D]in 14.[A]public [B]municipal [C]republican [D]national
15.[A] charge [B] take [C] cost [D] spend
16.[A] distribute [B] deliver [C] transfer [D] transport
17.[A] degenerating [B] generating [C] regenerating [D] regulating
18.[A] Proponents [B] Opponents [C] Sponsors [D] Rivals
19.[A] secure [B] ensure [C] reassure [D] incur
20.[A] fair [B] just [C] square [D] objective Passage 3.BDBCD DADBA AADBA BDABA
（四）Psychologist Alfred Adler suggested that the primary goal of the psyche（灵魂、精神）was superiority.Although 1 he believed that individuals struggled to achieve superiority over others, Adler, eventually 2 a more complex definition of the drive for superiority.Adler's concept of striving for superiority does not 3 the everyday meaning of the word superiority.He did not mean that we innately（天生地）seek to 4 one another in rank or position, 5 did he mean that we seek to 6 an attitude of exaggerated importance over our peers.7.Adler's drive for superiority involves the desire to be competent and effective, complete and thorough, in 8 one strives to do.Striving for superiority occasionally takes the 9 of an exaggerated lust for power.An individual may seek to play god and 10 control over objects and people.The goal may introduce an 11 tendency into our lives, in which we play games of “dog eat dog”.But such expressions of the desire for superiority do not 12 its more positive, constructive nature.13 Adler, striving for superiority is innate and is part of the struggle for 14 that human beings share with other species in the process of evolution.From this 15.life is not 16 by the need to reduce tension or restore 17.as sigmund Freud tended to think;18 , life is encouraged by the desire to move from below to above, from minus to plus, from inferior to superior.The particular ways in which individuals 19 their quest（追求）for superiority are 20 by their culture, their unique history.and their style of life.1.[A] instinctively [B] initially [C] presumably [D] invariably 2.[A] designed [B] devised [C] manipulated [D] developed 3.[A] refer to [B] point to [C] comply with [D] stand up for 4.[A] surpass [B] overpass [C] overthrow [D] pursue 5.[A] or [B] never [C] hardly [D] nor 6.[A] retain [B] sustain [C] maintain [D] obtain 7.[A] Rather [B] Despite [C] Though [D] Thus
8.[A] which [B] that [C] whichever [D] whatever 9.[A] form [B] format [C] formation [D] shape 10.[A] operate [B] speculate [C] exercise [D] resume 11.[A] ambiguous [B] intricate [C] deliberate [D] hostile 12.[A] reflect [B] abide [C] glorify [D] project 13.[A] According to [B] In terms of [C] Regardless of [D] In view of 14.[A] survivor [B] survival [C] durability [D] consistency 15.[A] respective [B] prospect [C] profile [D] perspective 16.[A] motivated [B] animated [C] inspired [D] elevated 17.[A] equation [B] equivalent [C] equilibrium [D] equality 18.[A] subsequently [B] instead [C] consequently [D] otherwise 19.[A] undermine [B] overtake [C] fling [D] undertake 20.[A] determined [B] resolved [C] consolidated [D] reinforced
BDAAD CADAC DAABD ACBDA
（五）Most people who travel long distances complain of jetlag（喷气飞行时差反应)．Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone 1 making mistakes.It is actually caused by 2 of your “body clock” — a small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing of biological 3.The body clock is designed for a 4 rhythm of daylight and darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when it 5 daylight and darkness at the “wrong” times in a new time zone.The 6 of jetlag often persist for days 7 the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone.Now a new anti-jetlag system is 8 that is based on proven 9 pioneering scientific research.Dr.Martin Moore-Ede has 10 a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone 11 controlled exposure to bright light.The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminates 12 of the discomfort of jetlag.A successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact times to either 13 or avoid bright light.Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse.The proper schedule 14 light exposure depends a great deal on 15 travel plans.Data on a specific flight itinerary and the individual' s sleep 16 are used to produce a Trip Guide with 17 on exactly when to be exposed to bright light.When the Trip Guide calls 18 bright light you should spend time outdoors if possible.If it is dark outside, or the weather is bad, 19 you are on an aeroplane, you can use a special light device to provide the necessary light 20 for a range of activities such as reading, watching TV or working.1.[A] from [B] of [C] for [D] to 2.[A] eruption [B] disruption [C] rupture [D] corruption 3.[A] actions [B] functions [C] behavior [D] reflection 4.[A] formal [B] continual [C] regular [D] circular 5.[A] experiences [B] possesses [C] encounters [D] retains 6.[A] signs [B] defects [C] diseases [D] symptoms 7.[A] if [B] whereas [C] while [D] although 8.[A] agreeable [B] available [C] adaptable [D] approachable 9.[A] extensive [B] tentative [C] broad [D] inclusive
10.[A] devised [B] scrutinized [C] visualized [D] recognized 11.[A] in [B] as [C] at [D] through 12.[A] more [B] little [C] most [D] least 13.[A] shed [B] retrieve [C] seek [D] attain 14.[A] in [B] for [C] on [D] with 15.[A] specific [B] complicated [C] unique [D] peculiar 16.[A] mode [B] norm [C] style [D] pattern 17.[A] directories [B] commentaries [C] instructions [D] specifications 18.[A] up [B] off [C] on [D] for 19.[A] or [B] and [C] but [D] while 20.[A] spur [B] stimulus [C] agitation [D] acceleration
DBBCA DCBAA DCCBA DCDAB
（六）Our ape-men forefathers had 1 obvious natural weapons in the struggle for survival in the open.They had neither the powerful teeth nor the strong claws of the big cats.They could not 2 with the bear, whose strength, speed and claws 3 an impressive “small-fire” weaponry.They could not even defend themselves 4 running swiftly like the horses, zebras or small animals.If the apemen had attempted to compete on those terms in the open, they would have been 5 to failure and extinction.But they were 6 with enormous concealed advantages of a kind not possessed by any of their competitors.In the search 7 the pickings of the forest, the ape-men had 8 efficient stereoscopic vision and a sense of colour that the animals of the grasslands did not possess.The ability to see clearly at close range permitted the ape-men to study practical problems in a way that lay far 9 the reach of the original inhabitants of the grassland.Good long-distance sight was 10 another matter.Lack of long-distance vision had not been a problem for forest-dwelling apes and monkeys because the higher the viewpoint, the 11 the range of sight-so 12 they had had to do was climb a tree.Out in the open, how ever, this simple solution was not 13
Climbing a hill would have helped, 14 in many places the ground was flat.The ape-men 15 the only possible solution.They reared up as high as possible on their hind limbs and began to walk 16.This vital change of physical position brought about considerable disadvantages.It was extremely unstable and it meant that the already slow ape-men became slower 17.18 they persevered and their bone structure gradually became 19 to the new, unstable position that 20 them the name Homo erectus, upright man.1.[A] no [B] some [C] few [D] many 2.[A] match [B] compare [C] rival [D] equal 3.[A] became [B] equipped [C] posed [D] provided 4.[A] in [B] upon [C] by [D] with 5.[A] driven [B] doomed [C] forced [D] led 6.[A] bestowed [B] given [C] presented [D] endowed 7.[A] for [B] of [C] on [D] at 8.[A] progressed [B] generated [C] developed [D] advanced
9.[A] from [B] apart [C] beyond [D] above 10.[A] rather [B] quite [C] much [D] really 11.[A] greater [B] smaller [C] farther [D] nearer 12.[A] anything [B] that [C] everything [D] all 13.[A] available [B] enough [C] sufficient [D] convenient 14.[A] when [B] but [C] so [D] and 15.[A] chose [B] adopted [C] accepted [D] took 16.[A] fast [B] upright [C] steadily [D] awkwardly 17.[A] as well [B] further [C] still [D] even 18.[A] However [B] Therefore [C] Meanwhile [D] Subsequently 19.[A] accustomed [B] familiarized [C] adapted [D] suited 20.[A] obtained [B] called [C] deserved [D] earned CABCB DACCB ADABB BCACD
（七）Television is the most effective brainwashing 1 ever invented by man.Advertisers know this to be 2.Children are 3 by television in ways we 4 understand.In the fall of 1971,1 was 5 a story involving a young white woman living on the 6 of Boston's black ghetto.Her car had 7 out of gas.She had gone to a filling station with a can and was returning to her car when she was 8 in an alley by a gang of black youths.The gang poured gasoline over her and set fire 9 her.She died of her burns.It was 10 established that some of the youths 11 had, on the night before the killing, 12 on television a rerun of an old movie in which a drifter is set on fire by an adolescent gang;There is some kind of strange reductive process 13 work here.To see something on television robs it of its reality, and then when the 14 thing is 15 out it is like the reenactment of something unreal.16 when the gang set fire to the girl, they were 17 what they had seen on a screen, 18 they themselves were on a screen, and in a story.I don' t think we have 19 begun to realize how powerful a medium television is.It has already become very clear that the candidate with the most television 20 win the election.1.[A] equipment [B] machine [C] medium [D] method 2.[A] true [B] real [C] actual [D] genuine 3.[A] influenced [B] affected [C] controlled [D] manipulated 4.[A] scarcely [B] nearly [C] completely [D] generally 5.[A] arranged [B] appointed [C] assigned [D] attributed 6.[A] outskirts [B] fringes [C] border [D] range 7.[A] used [B] consumed [C] run [D] spent 8.[A] trapped [B] caught [C] held [D] tucked 9.[A] on [B] at [C] over [D] to 10.[A] then [B] after [C] lately [D] later 11.[A] associated [B] related [C] involved [D] participated 12.[A] watch [B] watched [C] watching [D] were watching 13.[A] at [B] on [C] in [D] under 14.[A] exact [B] extraordinary [C] normal [D] same
15.[A] performed [B] played [C] practiced [D] acted 16.[A] However [B] In contrast [C] In other words [D] Even to 17.[A] imitating [B] following [C] resembling [D] reacting 18.[A] as if [B] like [C] as [D] for 19.[A] still [B] nearly [C] almost [D] even 20.[A] influence [B] capacity [C] appeal [D] contribution
CAAAC ACAAD CBADB CAADC
第二篇：考博英语完形填空完全攻略
考博英语选词填空应试技巧
一、了解题型
选词填空又称15选10，在仔细阅读部分，是新增题型。试题文章长约200到250个单词，10个空格，备选词汇共15个，每个空格只准选用一个单词，每个词不能重复使用。备选词汇是名词，动词，形容词和副词，虚词不在考核范围内。
二、应试方法及步骤
中华考试网
1、按照词缀准确判断15个单词的词性,将同一词性的备选单词归为一组，如果遇到动词还可以按照时态进行第二次分类,尽量将15个单词的类别分得越细越好。
2、只读试题所在的原句，通过前后词判断空内应填入词性和语法属性，通过上下句判断时态，回到相对应的词性组选择单词，如果遇到动词则需注意时态。
3、本试题并不侧重考察同义词辨析和固定搭配，否则就是完型填空，因此，只要能判断试题所在的句子所需要的词性和语法属性就不难找到正确答案。
4、未必要按顺序作题，因为本来就无须了解文章的意思，只读句子，遇到哪个简单就先做哪个，难的放到后面做，因为备选范围在不断缩小。
5、正确答案应满足语法和词性要求，句意通顺。设题原则: 设题原则是首句不设空，而且通常情况下此句是总体句，弄清此句有利于理解全文。一句话中不设两空，设空比较均匀，基本覆盖全文。
选项特点: 10个空格考察的全部是实词， 词性分配的基本比例: 3个名词正确答案+1个名词干扰答案 3个动词正确答案+1个动词干扰答案 3个形容词正确答案+2个形容词干扰答案 1个副词正确答案+1个副词干扰答案。 选项中动词时态与文章时态一致。
通读要居高临下，花5秒钟把短文各个自然段的段首扫一遍。这样就能一眼就能看出短文的主要内容，心里有了底，再读文章就轻松多了。
第二步：整理选项(1分钟) 目前四级考试只考实词中的四种：名词n，动词v，形容词 adj，副词adv a.不认识的单词看词缀（见后面附表）
b.认识的单词要注意词性的单一性和多样性 比如：must，most均可做名词do the most you can
动词归类要细分为v，v+ed, v+ing。
因为一个空可以填动词，但填原形还是过去式还是ing形式要自己根据语法判断。甚至动词分词形式还可以做定语
2）一个单词有多个词性时，要在不同分类中都标出。
3）如果选项中出现一组近义词或反义词时，往往有一个是干扰选项，它注重考察的是词汇的精确理解，要求考生分析清楚其细微的区别。
4）如何判断原文空缺处所需单词的词性：
① 动词：
a）前后都是名词短语，中间一般为动词（时态看前后文）。
b)一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词
c）一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。
② 名词：
a.名词主要做主语、宾语。
b.形容词或名词都可以修饰名词
例：The hot, humid(潮湿的)air over the ocean causes severe ___49___ thunderstorms.（49可能是形容词，也可能是名词修饰thunderstorms）
c.限定词（the, this, that, a, my之类）后必有名词
d.谓语动词前必有名词或名词性质的主语
e.介词后面必有名词
③.副词修饰形容词或动词
常见后缀：
-sion，-tion，如：starvation，attraction，profession
-ity，如：quality，diversity 常见动词后缀：
-ate，如：estimate，generate-en，如：widen，worsen 常见形容词后缀：
-able，如：stable，affordable
-tive，-sive，如：destructive，excessive，sensitive-ous，如：unconscious，enormous 常见副词后缀：
-ly，如：deliberately，completely，remarkably，针对选词填空的解题方法分为三步
1.预览选项，了解词义并把选项分为四大类词性：名词n，动词v，形容词a，副词ad，在每个选项后作词性的简要标记；
2.精读全文开头，把握文章主题，并以三个空或一个段落为一个单位，利用前后文判断每空的词性；
3.把对应词性的选项逐一带回原文，含义通顺，时态、主谓搭配一致的为正确选项。
四级考试的常用后缀在判断选项词性时可以有一定帮助作用。在根据前后文判断每空的词性时，一些经常考察的形式如下：
名词：通常来说，冠词(如a，an，the)、形容词、介词后面搭配名词，即“a/an/the/adj./prep.+ n。”，动词：动词的考点很多，我们来看其中三种：
1.主语后缺谓语动词。
2.当出现“一个完整的句子 +，____ + 名词/介词”的结构时，逗号后边的部分是伴随状语，表示伴随状态或者表示原因，应当填动词加ing形式或动词加ed形式。当这个动词与句子主语是主动关系，填动词加ing形式，当两者是被动关系，填动词加ed形式。
3.横线处如果填谓语动词，往往与上下半句的谓语动词时态一致。
形容词：当出现“a/the/the most/more +___+名词”的结构时，横线处通常填形容词。
副词： 1.当一句话完整的时候，句尾的空往往是副词。
2.当一句话出现“主语 + ___ + 谓语”的情况时，横线处通常填副词。
同学们要注意记背选词填空选项的重点范围：
1.历年曾经考过的复合式听写的单词
2.历年曾经考过的完形填空的选项，仔细阅读态度题的选项
3.历年曾经考过的真题中的高频词汇
第三篇：考博英语模拟试2018
考博英语模拟试题：考博英语阅读训练（1）
Overseas students shun UK and US universities
The market share of international students enjoyed by British and US universities has dropped sharply as Australia，Japan and New Zealand become increasingly popular destinations，according to an international comparison of education systems published yesterday.The latest edition of Education at a Glance，an annual audit published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development，showed that although foreign students continue to be attracted to the two countries because of the English language teaching and perceived quality of education，in relative terms their position is weakening.The Paris-based organisation reported that US market share fell 2 per cent from 2002-3，while the UK suffered the fastest decline among OECD members，falling from 16.2 per cent in 1998 to 13.5 percent in 2003.The most recent year used by the report is 2003 so the percentages did not include a 21.3 per cent fall in the number of Chinese students accepted for university courses in Britain this year.Britain is increasingly reliant on the higher fees paid by students from outside the European Union to help sustain its universities for domestic students.The overall number of students studying outside their own countries stood at 2.1m in 2003，an 8.3 percent annual average increase since 1998.According to the report the international complexion of US campuses has changed strikingly since September 11 2001.The country''s universities have seen decreases of 10-37 per cent in students from the Gulf states，northern Africa and some south-east Asian countries.The report also concluded that despite continued，if uneven，growth in the number of graduates churned out by the rich world''s universities，the monetary value of a degree showed no sign of having been tarnished.Andreas Schleicher，head of the Indicators and Analysis Division of the OECD''s Directorate of Education，said there was no evidence of inflation of the labour-market value of qualifications and that graduates could expect to continue to earn considerably more than those without a degree.Assessing the performance of the world''s schools，Mr Schleicher said Asia was soaring while Europe remained level and South America had slipped into relative decline.一、全文翻译
英美大学留学生人数骤跌
据昨天公布的一项国际教育体系比较研究称，英美大学的留学生市场份额急剧下降，而澳大利亚、日本和新西兰日益成为受欢迎的留学目的地。
最新版《各国教育概观》（Education at A Glance）显示，尽管由于英美两国以英语教学，且教育质量明显较高，外国学生继续被这两个国家所吸引，但相对而言，两国的地位在下降。该报告是经合组织（OECD）公布的教育审计报告。
总部位于巴黎的经合组织报告说，美国的市场份额2002至2003年下降了2%，而英国在经合组织成员国中降幅最大，已从1998年16.2%的份额降至2003年的13.5%.该报告采用数据的最近是2003年，因此该数据并没有将今年的情况包括在内，今年留学英国的中国学生人数减少了21.3%.英国正日益依赖欧盟以外学生支付的更高学费，使英国大学能够继续招收国内学生。
2003年海外留学生总人数为210万，自1998年以来每年平均增长8.3%.根据这篇报告，自2001年9月11日的事件以来，美国大学校园里国际学生的构成发生了惊人变化。来自海湾地区各国、北非以及某些东南亚国家的学生人数减少了10%至37%.报告还得出结论，尽管富国大学的毕业生人数仍在持续（或许不均匀地）增长，学位的经济价值丝毫没有贬值的迹象。
经合组织教育指标和分析部负责人安德里亚。施莱歇尔（Andreas Schleicher）说，没有证据显示，学位资格在劳动力市场上的价值正发生“膨胀”，毕业生收入可以期望比那些没有学位的人高出许多。
在评估全球学校的表现时，施莱歇尔先生说，亚洲正在“急剧上升”，欧洲保持原有水准，而南美洲则相对有所滑坡。
二、重点词汇
destinationn.目的地，[计]目的文件，目的单元格
perceive vt.察觉
reliant adj.信赖的，依靠的，信赖自己的
domestic adj.家庭的，国内的，与人共处的，驯服的 complexion n.面色，肤色，情况，局面
despite prep.不管，尽管，不论
tarnish v.失去光泽
indicator n.指示器，[化]指示剂
inflation n.胀大，夸张，通货膨胀，（物价）暴涨
soaring adj.高飞的，翱翔的
考博英语模拟试题：考博英语阅读训练（2）
UN report warns poverty goals likely to be missed
The infant death rate for African Americans in Washington DC is higher than that in the cities of the Indian state of Kerala，the United Nations has warned as part of a damning review of poverty and inequality around the world.Published ahead of next week''s summit in New York to review progress in meeting goals to halve extreme poverty by 2015，the UN''s human development report says： US health indicators are far below those that might be expected on the basis of national wealth.The report，published by the United Nations Development Programme（UNDP），says the outcome is due partly to persistent and extreme disparities between people from different social and ethnic groups，as shown by recent images of poor black people stranded in New Orleans by Hurricane Katrina.The findings reflect a new focus by the UN upon differences within countries as well as between countries，as policymakers try to think of new ways to achieve the millennium development goals（MDGs），agreed in 2000.India and China，which have both enjoyed sustained economic growth，face worrying challenges.There are worrying indications that social progress is starting to lag behind economic performance，with the slowdown in the rate of reduction in child deaths a special concern.The UN notes that China spends 5 per cent of its GDP on health，but public spending now amounts to less than 2 per cent of GDP.The erosion of public funding，it says，has resulted in a mismatch between need and provision，with per capita spending in urban areas 3.5 times that in rural areas.Between 70 and 80 per cent of the rural population have no health insurance.Children living in the poorest parts of rural China face far greater health risks，and the gap is widening.The mortality rate for under-five-year-olds ranges from 8 per 1，000 in Beijing（comparable to the US），to 60 in the poorest parts of Gui zhou（comparable to Namibia）。
一、参考译文
联合国警告说，美国首都华盛顿特区非裔美国人的婴儿死亡率高于印度喀拉拉邦各城市。该警告是联合国评估世界各地贫穷和不平等现象报告的一部分，联合国对这些现象表示强烈不满。
这份报告指出：“美国的健康指标远远低于根据国家富裕程度所预期的水平。”此前联合国曾制定目标，希望到2015年将极端贫困人口减半。下周联合国将在纽约召开峰会，回顾实现这一目标的进展。在峰会前，联合国发表了这份人类发展报告。考试大
联合国开发计划署（UNDP）发布的这份报告表示，这种结果部分是由于不同的社会群体和族裔群体之间存在着“持久的”和“极端的”不平等。最近美国新奥尔良的贫穷黑人因飓风卡特里娜受困的景象就表明了这一点。
该报告的结论反映了联合国在贫困问题上的新的关注焦点：不仅关注国家之间的不平等，而且也关注国家内部的不平等。目前，各国的政策制定者试图想出新方法，以实现2000年达成的千年发展目标（MDGs）。
印度和中国经济持续增长，但也面临令人担忧的挑战。联合国的这份报告说：“有令人担心的迹象表明，社会发展正开始落后于经济表现，儿童死亡率下降速度放缓尤为令人担心。”
联合国指出，中国花费国内生产总值的5%用于健康医疗，但公共支出目前占国内生产总值的比例不足2%.报告称，公共资金被侵蚀，已导致“需求和供给之间的错配”，城市人均支出是农村地区的3.5倍。
70%和80%之间的农村人口没有医疗保险。居住在中国农村最贫困地区的儿童面临更大的健康风险，并且城乡差距在扩大。举例来说，在北京，五岁以下儿童的死亡率为千分之八（与美国相当），但在贵州最贫困的地区，五岁以下儿童的死亡率为千分之六十（与纳米比亚相当）。
二、重点词汇
Infant n.婴儿，幼儿
Inequality n.不平等，不同，不等式，不平均，（表面）不平坦（用复数）
Indicatory adj.指示的，表示的 outcome n.结果，成果
persistent adj.持久稳固的
extreme adj.尽头的，极端的，极度的，偏激的，最后的 n.极端，极端的事物
ethnic adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的 millennium n.太平盛世，一千年
concern vt.涉及，关系到
erosion n.腐蚀，侵蚀
provision n.供应，（一批）供应品，预备，防备，规定
insurance n.保险，保险单，保险业，保险费
mortality n.死亡率
考博英语模拟试题：考博英语阅读训练（3）
Ringtones no longer ringing the tills
The days of making easy money from ringtones short clips of music for mobile phones are over.What has been a hugely profitable business is coming under pressure from a narrowing of the craze to a smaller group of mostly younger people，a shift in the nature of ringtones themselves，and growing competition among distributors.In the UK and other European countries，where the fad first took hold，many of the people who once paid￡2（$3.5）or more for a 10-second clip have given up buying ringtones，said Chris Jones，an analyst at Canalys，a technology industry consultancy： People were doing it because it was a new thing to do.That has worn off with a big part of the market.In the US，where the business is at a much earlier stage，the craze appears to have stalled even before it has reached a mass market.Only about one in 10 mobile subscribers is buying ringtones.That is the same proportion as a year ago，according to InfoSpace，a US ringtone company that claims 47 percent of the US market，though it adds that reliable statistics about the market are difficult to come by.examda
At the same time，the new band of distributors that sprang up to sell ringtones is finding the fat profits much harder to come by.Users are starting to switch away from the familiar polyphonic renditions of famous tunes to short clips of the original music known in the industry as truetones or realtones.Most of the profits from these go straight to the record labels，not the middlemen who made a killing from earlier，cruder versions.一、参考译文
靠一小段手机音乐铃声轻松赚钱的日子已经过去了。
这一迄今利润丰厚的业务正面临压力，原因包括：对铃声狂热的群体在缩小，目前多数是年纪比较小的人；铃声的性质发生了变化；以及经销商之间的竞争日益加剧。
高科技行业咨询公司Canalys分析师克里斯。琼斯（Chris Jones）说，英国和其它欧洲国家是手机铃声热潮的发源地，这里的许多年轻人此前曾为了一段10秒钟的铃声花上2英镑（合3.5美元）或更多钱，现在他们不再购买铃声。“人们当时这么做，是因为它是个新鲜事物。现在人们对此兴趣逐渐淡薄，很大一块市场随之消失。”在美国，手机铃声业务还处在相当初级的阶段，铃声热潮甚至在席卷大众市场前就已停滞不前。仅有十分之一的手
机用户在购买音乐铃声。美国手机铃声公司InfoSpace称，这一比例与一年前相同，尽管它补充指出，难以取得关于这一市场的可靠数据。InfoSpace据称占据美国47%的铃声市场。考试大
同时，出现一批新的铃声经销商，它们正逐渐发现，现在要实现高额利润比以前难多了。用户从熟悉的著名曲子的“和弦”演奏转向原版的音乐短片断，后者在业内称为“真实铃声”（truetone）或“原音铃声”（realtone）。
来自这些铃声的大部分利润直接进了唱片公司的口袋，而不是中间商。此前这些中间商依靠比较粗糙的铃声赚了一大笔钱。
二、重点词汇
clip n.夹子，回形针，子弹夹
vt.夹住，剪短，修剪
profitable adj.有利可图的 distributor n.发行人
analyst n.分析家，分解者
consultancy n.顾问（工作）
subscriber n.订户，签署者，捐献者
proportion n.比例，均衡，面积，部分
vt.使成比例，使均衡，分摊
polyphonic adj.有许多声音的，对位法的，复调的 rendition n.表演，演唱，翻译 考博英语模拟试题：考博英语阅读训练（4）
China reins in economic expansion
China's growth in fixed-asset investment and its money supply slowed considerably in August，providing firm evidence that the government's tightening measures were reining in the country's rapid economic expansion.examda
Urban fixed-asset investment in August rose 21.5 per cent compared with a year ago，a marked slowdown from the 30.5 per cent expansion from January through July and the slowest for a single month since December 2004.M2，the broad indicator for money supply，rose 17.9 per cent last month compared with 18.4 per cent in July and June.China's economy has been growing at a record pace，expanding by 11.3 per cent in the second quarter.Beijing officials and many economists are concerned that such growth rates are not sustainable in the longer term.The latest economic data，which were released by Qiu Xiaohua，commissioner of China's National Bureau of Statistics，suggest Beijing has been able to control excessive lending and investment to sectors such as real estate that are especially at risk of overheating.Beijing is using a combination of monetary and administrative controls in its attempts to moderate growth.Since late April，China's central bank has twice raised benchmark lending rates and bank reserve requirements.Yesterday it also mopped up a record Rmb225bn（$28.3bn）in its regular open market operations.examda
Su Ning，the deputy central bank governor，said this week at an international conference in Beijing that the country's money supply was slowing dramatically as a result of these measures.At the same time，China's leaders are trying to control unnecessary production-for instance by limiting land rights and enforcing environmental standards in key industries such as steel，cement and automobiles.Beijing is also worried about overlending to urban property projects，including residences，offices and industrial parks，and the threat it could lead to artificially high prices and excess supply.While trying to temper credit and investment growth，Beijing is also attempting to stimulate consumer spending，since it believes a strong middle class will be a key driver of future growth.China's statistics body said August retail sales were up 13.8 per cent，a rate consistent with that of the previous two months.Demand for oil products，jewellery，automobiles and building has been particularly strong.一、参考译文：
8月份中国固定资产投资及货币供应量增长速度明显放缓，这有力地证明，政府的紧缩举措，正在抑制中国经济的迅速扩张。
8月份，中国城市固定资产投资较上年同期增长21.5%，与1至7月份期间30.5%的扩张速度相比，有明显放缓；同时也是自2004年12月以来，单月增幅最低的一个月。广义货币供应量M2上月增长17.9%，而7月份和6月份的增幅均为18.4%.中国经济一直在以创纪录的速度增长，第二季度的增幅为11.3%.中国政府官员和许多经济学家担心，长远而言，这样的增长速度难以维持。
中国国家统计局（National Bureau of Statistics）局长邱晓华发布的最新经济数据显示，中国政府能够控制对房地产等行业的过渡放贷和投资，这些行业尤其存在过热风险。
中国政府正通过货币和行政调控手段相结合的方式，努力缓和经济增长。自4月底以来，中国央行已两度上调基准贷款利率和银行存款准备金比率。昨日，央行还在其例行的公开市场操作中，创纪录地完成2250亿元人民币（合283亿美元）的资金回笼工作。
本周，中国央行副行长苏宁在北京举行的一个国际会议上表示，由于上述措施，中国的货币供应“明显”放缓。
与此同时，中国领导人正试图控制非必要的生产——例如，在钢铁、水泥和汽车等关键行业，限制土地使用权并强制执行各种环保标准。
中国政府还对城市地产项目（包括住宅、写字楼和工业园区）上的过度放贷，以及可能由此导致的人为高价和供应过度感到担忧。考试大
在努力遏制信贷和投资增长的同时，中国政府还试图刺激消费支出，因为它认为，一个强大的中产阶层，将成为未来经济增长的关键驱动力。
中国国家统计局表示，8月份，社会消费品零售总额较上年同期增长13.8%，这一幅度与前两个月持平。石油产品、珠宝、汽车和建筑方面的需求一直特别强劲。
二、重点词汇：
investment n.投资，可获利的东西
evidence n.明显，显著，明白，迹象，根据，[物]证据，证物
indicator n.指示器，[化]指示剂
sustainable adj.可以忍受的，足可支撑的，养得起的 excessive adj.过多的，过分的，额外
benchmark[计]基准
deputy n.代理人，代表
dramatically adv.戏剧地，引人注目地
artificially adv.人工（考试大）
credit n.信任，信用，声望，荣誉，[财务]贷方，银行存款
vt.相信，信任，把„„归给
previous adj.在前的，早先的
adv.（1）在„„以前；（2）返回上一级菜单
第四篇：学位英语完形填空全真模拟试题
2009年学位英语完形填空全真模拟试题24（1）)From http://wentong96.blog.163.com/ Stacy had recently moved from New York City to Stoneybrook, Connecticut.It was ___1____for her to make new friends but she finally had three when she joined the Babysitters Club to ___2____little children whose parents were busy.Claudia, Kristy, and Mary were in her class at school and also the other 3 of the club.The girls met at five o’clock on Fridays and waited for the 4 to ring.So far they had been busy, in spite of the 5 that they couldn’t stay out late and were under 13.___6___, the girls’ world was invaded(侵犯)by a second group 7 themselves the Babysitters Agency.They were 8 and the group also included a few boys.The Babysitters Club tried to think of ways to 9 with the older group.They could clean and work for less money, however, they 10 it would be difficult to compete.The shock was even greater than they had 11 _when most of their best customers started to call the new group.They 12 to get only a few jobs.To try a new 13 Kristy recruited(招收)a few older kids who told the club they didn’t want to 14 their money with the other group.The club 15 only too quickly that these older girls joined only as spies and didn’t 16 for their job assignments(分派).Thus, more parents were 17 with the club.Finally, the girls realized that the 18 in the other group were not good babysitters.They watched television, talked on the phone, and invited boyfriends to the house 19 they were sitting.When the children of the families started to 20 , and a near accident almost occurred, the club went to the parents to tell them what was happening.1.A.active B.thoughtful C.easy D.hard 2.A.take care of B.run into C.go through
D.take advantage of 3.A.children B.members C.circles D.players 4.A.alarm B.traffic C.phone D.neighbor 5.A.fact B.degree C.question D.demand 6.A.Therefore B.Suddenly C.Regularly
D.Unwillingly 7.A.attracting B.finding
C.calling D.matching 8.A.younger B.cleverer C.taller D.older 9.A.compete B.fight C.do D.meet 10.A.heard B.knew C.promised D.shot 11.A.damaged B.caught C.expected D.forced 12.A.hoped B.liked C.refused D.seemed 13.A.chance B.possibility C.power D.policy 14.A.share B.give C.provide D.mark 15.A.put down B.paid off C.found out D.come through 16.A.check up B.end up C.look up D.show up 17.A.satisfied B.unhappy C.curious D.helpful 18.A.kids B.adults C.systems D.situations 19.A.that B.when C.where D.how 20.A.blow B.complain C.appreciate D.spread 1.D。刚刚搬到一个新的地方，人生地不熟，同时从but she finally had three可知“虽然难但最终交了三位朋友”。
2.A。从后文来看the Babysitters Club是帮助人照看孩子的。3.B。在这个团体中，除了她们三个还有其他成员。4.C。帮他人照看孩子，从星期五下午五点钟就等着电话预约。5.A。他们不到13岁，比较小，不能在外面太晚，这是一种事实。6.B。另外一个照看孩子的组织侵犯了女孩们的世界是突然间的事情。7.C。他们自称为the Babysitters Agency.8.D。由句子The Babysitters Club tried to think of ways to ___9_____with the older group.可知，这个组织年龄比她们大。
9.A。都是为照看孩子，所以产生了竞争。
10.B。it would be difficult to compete是女孩们已经料到的事情。11.C。虽然料到了情况不乐观，但是事态的发展比预料的还要坏。
12.D。由句子most of their best customers started to call the new group.可知“他们好像的工作不多”。
13.D。为挽救这种局面，女孩们还是尝试新的方法。
14.A。这些大点的孩子是白干活不要钱。share“与„„分享”。
15.C。很快女孩们就发现了这个问题，这些大点的孩子是来当间谍的。16.D。他们对于分配的任务不去完成。
17.B。不认真履行应完成的任务，结果是父母不满意。18.A。通读全文，可知照看孩子的都是一些小孩。19.C。where引到定语从句，在句子中充当地点状语。20.B。服务质量存在问题，当然会引来“抱怨”。
（2）
From the earlier time it was well ___1___to the Peruvians that when a cut ___2____made in the thick skin of a ___3____tree, a white liquid like milk came ___4___.From this fluid(流动的)a sticky ___5_____of rubber might be made.This rubber is ___6____and wax-like when warm so that it is ___7_____to give any form.The Peruvians ___8____the discovery that it is very good for ___9____out water.Then in the early ___10____of the century they made overshoes to ___11___their feet dry.Then a certain Mr Mackintosh ___12_____coats of cloth which were ___13____with rubber.Today Mackintosh raincoats are still ___14_____after him.But these first rubber shoes ___15______raincoats were unpleasantly soft and sticky in ___16___.They were also stiff and very ___17____in winter.They were like wax(蜡)although they ___18____a bit stronger.But the rubber ___19___use today has been improved.It is ___20____sticky but soft and elastic(弹性的)and strong enough for any season.1.A.talked B.heard C.seen D.known 2.A.has B.was C.may D.will 3.A.rubber B.apple C.orange D.oak 4.A.from B.through C.out D.up 5.A.raincoat B.shoes C.border D.mass 6.A.hard B.fast C.stubborn D.soft 7.A.important B.impossible C.possible D.uncertain 8.A.made B.found C.wrote D.neglected 9.A.finding B.keeping C.making D.pouring 10.A.kind B.part C.sort D.halves 11.A.clean B.clear C.keep D.prevent 12.A.made B.found C.appeared D.gave 13.A.full B.like C.lined D.applied 14.A.looked B.named C.made D.searched 15.A.or B.and C.with D.but 16.A.today B.summer C.winter D.rain 17.A.soft B.sticky C.elastic D.cold 18.A.felt B.made C.needed D.produced 19.A.Mr Mackintosh B.the Peruvians C.we D.is 20.A.also B.always C.neither D.not 1.D。be well known 是固定短语，表示“对„了解、熟悉”。
2.B。因为“切口(cut)”可知应该是被人去做，所以是 was made。3.A。根据下文两次出现的 rubber 可得出答案。
4.C。从上文可以得知“像牛奶一样的白色液体从橡胶树上流出来”。5.D。从上下文可以得知“从树上流下来的液体，慢慢会变稠”，所以“粘团”就形成了，但它不能直接形成雨衣或鞋。6.D。根据常识橡胶是“软的”。
7.C。根据前面的warm 得出答案，当变暖或加热时“能”做出任何形状。8.A。因为“发现”是名词，不能选found，make a discovery是固定短语。9.B。根据常识，橡胶可以“防”水，其余选项不符句意。10.B。表示本世纪的“早期、前期”，不能选 halves，如果用 half不能用复数。11.C。根据前面的“鞋垫”和后面的“干燥”得出答案是“保持干燥”。12.A。根据后面的 coat 判断答案是“被做”。
13.C。指这种布料(cloth)是用橡胶“排制”而成的。
14.B。根据前面的雨衣判断可知仍然还是以他的名字“命名的”，其余选项不符句意。15.B。根据句意，这是两个物质名词 shoes 和 raincoat 是并列的，但不能选or(或者)。16.B。夏天天气炎热，雨衣变软，故 summer 符合语境。
17.D。根据常识，橡胶在夏天温度高时变软，相反在冬天“冷”时变硬。18.A。根据前面的“像蜡”和后面的 stronger 得出答案是“摸起来”，表示感觉。19.C。根据句中的时间状语 today 判断是 we(我们)使用。
20.D。根据两个相反的形容词，得出答案(not„but意为“不是„而是”)
【试题部分】
（一）----说明文
All(1)_______ things must fight to stay alive.They have to feed on something and at the same time avoid being(2)_______.Therefore they have to solve this big problem of staying alive in their own way.The danger of being eaten in the sea is great.Those plants and animals that do survive usually(3)_______ very fast and in great numbers.(4)_______ sea animals have defensive devices which help them to survive.The jelly fish have(5)_______ tentacles(触角)which are used for attack and defense.Another method of(6)_______ which sea plants and animals use is disguise.They usually have the same(7)_______ as their surroundings.In order to stay alive, animals need to have good senses.Fishes have sharp eyes.Almost all animals are sensitive to(8)_______.Fishes judge movements in the water by(9)_______ of their lines.Fishes and other sea animals can hear well and many of them can(10)_______ different types of warning sound.1.A.living
B.alive
C.lively
D.live 2.A.taken
B.gotten
C.haven
D.eaten 3.A.produce B.reproduce C.run
D.swim 4.A.Any
B.Every
C.Certain
D.Each 5.A.beautiful B.short C.poisonous
D.long 6.A.swimming
B.survival
C.flight
D.growth 7.A.color
B.body C.width
D.length 8.A.run away
B.flee
C.touch
D.move 9.A.way
B.means
C.method
D.approach 10.A.make
B.do
C.build D.produce 【解题导语】 本文是说明文，主要讲述了生物在特定的环境中如何学会去保护自己不受侵害。
【新词链接】 avoid doing sth.避免做某事 by means of 用„„的方法 make sound / noise 弄出声音 【试题解析】 1.A 根据四个单词的区别，“生物”应为living things。2.D 固定搭配：avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”。3.B 根据上下文意思，此处指动植物“再生”。4.C 由谓语动词形式可知，certain指“某些”。5.C 根据下文得知此处指“有毒的”触角。6.B 指海底动植物生存的另一种方法。7.A 这些动物有与周围环境相同的颜色，即保护色。8.C 所有动物对触摸很敏感。9.B 固定搭配，by means of 意为“用„„的方法“。10.A 固定搭配，make sound / noise意为“弄出声音”。
（二）----夹叙夹议
Getting plenty of exercise is very important.I enjoy swimming very much.Last summer I went to the(1)_______ every day.I plan to go there this summer too, but I may not be able to.I have a new(2)_______, sometimes I have to work until(3)_______ at night.Although I now work more hours than I used to, yet I do receive a larger salary.I didn’t receive much pay on my(4)_______ job.I like my new job, but had I know that it would take up so much of my free time, I would not have taken.I prefer(5)_______ to making more money.I have heard that riding a bike is good exercise.Maybe I will be able to(6)_______ enough money to buy a bike.My neighbor, Ms Wilson, has a bicycle that I could(7)_______, but I would rather own my own bike.If I used hers, I would worry about destroying it.Since I make more money now, I think that I can afford to buy my own.Getting a bike is really a good idea, because while I’m riding to and from, I will be getting(8)_______ at the same time.It is easier to get to the seaside on a bike, too.I might be able to go swimming every day after all.This new job is great!I’m very(9)_______.This will be a summer full of(10)_______.1.A.playground
B.shore C.seaside
D.sea 2.A.office
B.job
C.love
D.interest 3.A.far
B.deep
C.late
D.lately 4.A.favorite B.new
C.past
D.old 5.A.swimming
B.riding
C.playing
D.working 6.A.save
B.keep
C.take
D.cost 7.A.ride
B.renew
C.lend
D.borrow 8.A.enjoyment
B.rest
C.exercise
D.money 9.A.moved
B.excited C.interested
D.disappointed 10.A.exercise
B.pleasure C.interest
D.imagination 【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，主要讲述了锻炼的重要性，作者同时做到了工作和锻炼两不误。【新词链接】 take up 占据（时间、空间）
prefer… to… 喜欢„„胜过„„；宁愿„„而不愿„„ would rather do sth.宁愿去做某事 afford to do sth.有能力去做某事 【试题解析】
1.C 根据文章倒数第4句话可知。
2.B 由下文的 I like my new job 可知。3.C 根据上下文，应该是我工作到深夜。4.D 和new 相对比。
5.A 根据上下文可知，作者喜欢游泳。6.A 作者要“节约”钱去买自行车。
7.D 根据句意可知我可以向邻居Ms Wilson “借”自行车。8.C 在骑自行车中得到“锻炼”。9.B 由上文可知。10.A 由文章首句：getting plenty of exercise is very important可以知道。
（三）----议论文
Friendship is unconditional and uncritical, based only on mutual respect and the ability to enjoy each other's company.These authority figures never saw the way one of us could do something outrageous, and the rest of us would joke about it for days.We could have fun doing absolutely nothing at all—because the(1)_______ we provided each other with was enough.Rather than discussing operas, Lewinsky, or the weather, we enjoyed just(2)_______ each other without any one of us trying to outsmart the others.Still, I realize that these adults had a(3)_______ to be concerned about the direction my friends were(4)_______;I also was concerned for them, but I wasn't about to(5)_______ them.Many times I would advise my friends that some activity may be(6)_______ or to think things through before doing something, but I would never claim to hold the moral high ground and to condescend to them.When Marvin would begin rolling joints, when Alisa would tell me she skipped school because of a hangover, or when Merriam would tell me that her new boyfriend was in a street gang, I expressed my discomfort with their(7)_______.However, I never(8)_______ them with the threat of taking my friendship away.Contrary to the commercials on television, you can have(9)______ who use drugs.In fact, probably everyone does without(10)______ it.1.A.gift B.present
C.company D.friendship 2.A.hanging around
B.learning from C.communicating with D.joining in 3.A.prejudice B.point C.suggestion
D.situation 4.A.giving
B.coming
C.heading
D.facing 5.A.ignore
B.upset
C.blame
D.leave 6.A.crazy
B.dangerous
C.boring
D.important 7.A.action
B.lessons
C.words
D.thoughts 8.A.force
B.threaten
C.persuade D.cheat 9.A.friends
B.girlfriends C.classmates
D.brothers 10.A.hearing
B.recognizing C.realizing D.knowing 【解题导语】 本文是议论文，主要讲述了友谊的相关内容，友谊是无条件的，不带偏见的，彼此相互尊重，并且喜欢和对方在一起，这就是友谊。【新词链接】 base on 在„„的基础上 provided sb.with sth.给某人提供某物 be concerned about 关心 hang around 闲荡 【试题解析】 1.C 由首句可知，只要我们在一起(company)就已经足够了 2.A 由上下文可知，大家只是享受那份闲来荡去（hang around）的惬意。3.B 由其后作定语的不定式短语可知。4.C 因direction 后是定语从句，所以要填表示“朝着某个方向行进”的heading。5.D 从下文可看出，不管朋友有什么样的表现，我都不会和他们绝交(leave them)。6.B 由前文的“提醒(advise)”和后文“三思而后行”可知，有些活动是“危险”的。7.A 指上文列举的“吸大麻”、“逃学”、“交街上小混混做男友”等之类的不良“行为”。8.B 由语境可知，是用绝交来“威胁”他们。9.A 指任何人都有可能有不良行为的“朋友”。10.C 由前句可知本句意为每个人都有这类朋友，只是没“意识到”而已。
（四）----记叙文
A boy is about to go on his first date, and is nervous about what to talk about.He asks his father for advice.The father(1)_______, “My son, there are three subjects that always(2)_______.These are food, family, and philosophy.” The boy picks up his date and they go to a soda fountain.(3)_______ ice cream sodas in front of them, they(4)_______ at each other for a long time, as the boy's nervousness builds.He remembers his father's advice, and chooses the first(5)_______.He asks the girl: “Do you like spinach?” She says “No,” and the silence returns.After a few(6)_______ uncomfortable minutes, the boy thinks of his father's suggestion and(7)_______ the second item on the list.He asks, “Do you have a brother?” Again, the girl says “No” and there is(8)_______ once again.The boy then(9)_______ his last card.He thinks of his father's(10)_______ and asks the girl the following question: “If you had a brother, would he like spinach?” 1.A.asks B.replies C.tells
D.talks 2.A.do B.help C.work D.affect 3.A.For
B.Besides C.Without D.With 4.A.stare B.glare C.smile D.laugh 5.A.advice
B.question C.word D.topic 6.A.more
B.another
C.other D.most 7.A.turns on B.turns to
C.turns away D.turns over 8.A.smile
B.nervousness C.silence D.anxiety 9.A.uses
B.takes C.asks
D.plays 10.A.lesson B.advice
C.promise D.order 【解题导语】 本文是记叙文，主要讲述了一个男孩子机械地使用父亲提议的话题，在第一次约会时闹出的笑话。
【新词链接】 ask sb.for sth.问某人要某物。stare at 凝视，长时间看
plays his last card 打出最后一张牌 【试题解析】 1.B 根据故事开头提供的情景：He asks his father for advice。2.C 此处的work意为“奏效”。
3.D 介词复合结构“with+宾语＋宾补”可以表示状态、条件等。4.A 此题区别不同方式的“看”，stare at 意思是：凝视，长时间看。5.D 联系上下文，他父亲提供了三个话题。6.A 此题考察more的表达方式，意思是“又过了几分钟”。7.B 根据句意，turns to是“转向„„”的意思，最贴切。8.C 联系故事情节的发展，得到否定回答之后接下来是“没有人讲话”了。9.D 短语plays his last card意为“打出最后一张牌”。10.B 与文章开头的第二句话asks his father for advice相呼应。
（五）----记叙文
There once was a blind man who decided to visit Texas.When he arrived on the plane, he(1)_______ the seats and said, “Wow, these seats are big!” The person next to him answered, “(2)_______ is big in Texas.”
When he finally arrived in Texas, he decided to visit a bar.Upon arriving in the bar, he(3)_______ a beer and got a mug(4)_______ between his hands.He exclaimed, “Wow these mugs are big!” The bartender replied, “Everything is big in Texas.” After a(5)_______of beers, the blind man asked the bartender where the(6)_______ was located.The bartender replied, “Second door to the right.”
The blind man(7)_______ for the bathroom, but accidentally tripped over and skipped the second door.(8)_______, he entered the third door, which(9)_______ to the swimming pool and fell into the pool by accident.(10)_______ to death, the blind man started shouting, “Don't flush, don't flush!” 1.A.saw B.felt
C.took
D.touched 2.A.Everything B.Nothing C.Something D.All 3.A.took
B.bought C.drank
D.ordered 4.A.placed
B.lain
C.stood D.spread 5.A.few B.amount
C.couple
D.pair 6.A.bathroom
B.living room C.waiting room
D.kitchen 7.A.looked
B.headed C.went
D.searched 8.A.As a result
B.In fact C.Instead
D.So 9.A.turns
B.opens C.gets
D.leads 10.A.Starved B.Scared C.Moved
D.Frozen 【解题导语】 本文是记叙文，主要讲述了一位盲人乘飞机去Texas进行访问时的笑话。最后要去厕所时却掉进了游泳池里，应了Texas人的一句口头禅：Everything is big in Texas。【新词链接】 a couple of 一双、一对 look for 寻找
lead to… 通往„„ 【试题解析】 1.B felt 是“摸”的意思。2.A 从第二段最后一句话可以得出此答案。3.D 是“点菜、要„„食品”的意思。4.A 此处意为“把啤酒杯放在两只手之间”。Placed是过去分词做get后的宾语补足语。5.C 只有couple在此表示具体的“量”。A few是“一些”的意思。6.A 啤酒喝多了应该是找“洗手间”了。7.A 短语look for意为“寻找”。8.C 此处instead 意为“代替、相反”。9.D lead to意为“通往”，get to“到达”，open to“朝„„敞开”，turn to 意为“转向”。10.B scared意为“害怕”，过去分词短语表示状态，他以为是掉进了“这么大的小便池里”，当然是“处于害怕的状态中”。
（六）----夹叙夹议
One day while a girl was walking in the woods she found two starving songbirds.She took them home and put them in a small(1)_______.She cared them and felt great love for the birds.One the(2)_______ and stronger of the two birds flew from the cage.Therefore ,(3)_______ he flew close, she grasped him(4)_______.She felt glad, but suddenly she felt the bird go limp.She opened her hand and(5)_______ in horror at the dead bird.She noticed the other bird moving back and forth on the edge of the cage.She could feel his great need for(6)_______.She lifted him from the cage and(7)_______ him softly into the air.The bird circled once, twice, three times.The girl watched delightedly at the bird's enjoyment.Her heart was no longer(8)_______ with her loss.Suddenly the bird flew closer and(9)_______ softly on her shoulder.It sang the sweetest melody that she had ever heard.The fastest way to(10)_______ love is to hold on it too tightly, the best way to keep love is to give it WINGS!1.A.cage B.box
C.tank
D.room 2.A.weaker
B.taller
C.larger
D.shorter 3.A.Because B.As
C.If D.Since 4.A.gently
B.freely
C.elegantly D.wildly 5.A.stared
B.glared C.glanced D.shouted 6.A.freedom B.food
C.love
D.space 7.A.dropped B.pulled C.seized D.tossed 8.A.packed
B.concerned C.marked D.lined 9.A.landed
B.sat
C.slept
D.stood 10.A.gain
B.give
C.lose
D.show
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，通过一个爱鸟的小女孩的故事，表达了“若想令爱永恒，要将爱放飞”的主题。【新词链接】 long for 渴望得到某物 on the edge of 在„„的边缘 be concerned with 关注、注意、计较 【试题解析】
1.A 按常识判断，鸟应当养在“鸟笼”里。
2.C 根据下文中有the smaller bird，所以飞出鸟笼的鸟大一点。3.B as引导一个时间状语从句。
4.D 因为担心鸟儿会飞走，所以当鸟儿飞回时，她会紧紧地抓住它。5.A stare at是“盯着看”之意。
6.A 从前面描述的情况看，小鸟最需要的是自由。7.D toss意为“抛向„„”。
8.B be concerned with是“关注、注意、计较”之意。她的内心不再计较自己的得失。9.A 鸟儿轻轻地降落在她的肩膀上。
10.C while前后两句是对比关系，后一句讲到keep love，那么前一句应该是“lose love”。
（七）----记叙文
A long time ago, a little boy loved to play around an apple tree.After eating some apples, he took a nap under the(1)_______.He and the tree loved each other.When the boy grew up, he(2)_______ played around the tree.One day, the boy came back to the(3)_______.The tree(4)_______ the boy to play with him.―I am no longer a kid, I don’t play around trees any more.“ The boy replied, ”I want(5)_______.I need money to buy them.“ ”Sorry, but I don’t have money, but you can sell all my apples and have money to buy." The boy was so(6)_______ that he picked all the apples and(7)_______ happily.The boy never came back after he picked the apples.The tree was(8)_______.Later, the boy needed a house for(9)_______, so he turned to the tree.And the tree asked himto cut off all his branches.So the boy did.The tree was glad to see him happy but the boy never came back since then.The tree was again(10)_______and sad.1.A.sunshine B.screen C.shadow
D.shelf 2.A.no longer B.no more C.no farther
D.no better 3.A.top
B.area
C.tree
D.village 4.A.asked
B.told
C.inspired
D.added 5.A.pleasure B.help
C.toys
D.fruits 6.A.shamed
B.excited C.embarrassed D.trouble 7.A.played
B.sang
C.sold
D.left 8.A.sad
B.happy C.concerned D.forgettable 9.A.shelter
B.sale
C.example
D.preparation 10.A.angry
B.lovely C.friendly
D.lonely 【解题导语】本文讲述了孩子与苹果树之间的故事。一个孩子小时候总是在苹果树旁边玩耍，但是长大以后他把所有的苹果摘完卖掉，把树枝砍掉以后就再也不来理睬这棵树了。【新词链接】 no longer 不再 no better 不是更好 【试题解析】 1.C 他爬到树冠吃苹果，然后在树影下（shadow）打盹。2.A no longer“不再”，表时间上的不再延长；no more“不再”，表数量上的不再增加；no farther“别再说”；no better“不是更好”。随着时间的流逝，这个小孩子渐渐长大，不再每天都围着这 棵树玩了。3.C 有一天，孩子回到了树下，显得有点难过。4.A “过来和我玩玩吧！”苹果树邀请他说。5.C 根据下文句意可知。6.B 与倒数第2段第1行照应，他如此激动以致把所有的苹果都摘走，愉快地离开了。7.D 见上句解析。8.A 与前面第3空后he looked sad对应，他摘走了苹果，买了玩具，再也没有回来看望这棵苹果树，苹果树自然会感到难过（sad）。9.A shelter意为“遮挡，遮蔽物”。为家人盖一所遮风挡雨的房子。10.D 孩子砍掉所有的树枝愉快地离开了，苹果树在此陷入了孤独和悲伤之中。
（八）----议论文
Expressing gratitude is an important form of good manners.Nowadays more and more people in China have found it’s high time to cultivate a thankful heart for the good others(1)______.Everyone likes to get praised and appreciated.Gratitude is the greatest of virtues, which lets others smile and makes the world more beautiful.You just need several minutes to write down a thank-you note, but it bring much joy to the(2)______.We live in a society where we enjoy the different services of others.But(3)______ of them should be taken for granted.Gratitude is also a kind of(4)______ in life.In developing gratitude for every moment – for the simple joys and even for the(5)______ times—we come to truly enjoy and appreciate life.Then we are able to see the(6)______ that surrounds us.Try to write a thank-you letter to your parents for working hard to(7)______ you a happy life.Be grateful to your teachers because of their(8)______ with your studies and character building.Say thanks to your friends who(9)______ both your happiness and sorrow.We are sure it will bring them much joy and add(10)______ into your own life as well.1.A.have
B.do
C.share
D.like 2.A.doer
B.receive C.performer D.speaker 3.A.one
B.any one C.none
D.all 4.A.attitude
B.feeling C.emotion D.sense 5.A.managing B.challenging C.changing D.developing 6.A.truth
B.reality C.experience D.magic 7.A.offer
B.produce C.imagine D.try 8.A.study
B.part
C.help
D.co-operation 9.A.knew
B.shared C.realized D.recognized 10.A.reflection B.justice C.taste
D.color 【解题导语】 本文是议论文，阐述了“人要会感激”的道理。【新词链接】 do good to 对„„有益处、对„„有好处 take… for granted 对„„不以为然，轻视、认为„„无所谓 【试题解析】 1.B 固定搭配，do good to 意为“对„„有益处、对„„有好处”。2.B 感谢信能给接受者带来极大的愉悦。3.C 此处them指上文的“service”。take…for granted “对„„不以为然，轻视、认为„„无所谓”。此句意为“这种服务不应该被人藐视”。4.A 感恩也是一种人生态度。5.B even暗示前后对比。前面讲到“快乐时光”，后面应接“挑战的时刻（困难时期）”。6.D 这样我们就可以看到围绕在我们周围的魔力。7.A offer 在此意为“提供”。8.C 感谢老师在学业方面和性格磨练方面给我们的帮助。9.B 感谢朋友与我们同甘共苦。
10.D 感谢给我们带来快乐，也给我们的生活增加光彩。
（九）----夹叙夹议
I am discovering that many people want, above all else, to live life fully.But sometimes the past prohibits our living and enjoying life to the utmost in the present.A school teacher(1)______ his room a few minutes early and(2)______ a mealworm laboriously crawling along the floor.It had somehow been(3)______.The back part of the worm was dead and dried up, but still attached to the(4)______, living part by just a thin thread.As the teacher(5)______ the strange sight of a poor worm(6)______ its dead half across the floor, a little girl ran in and noticed it there.Picking it up, she said, oh, Oscar, when are you going to(7)______ that dead part so you can really live? What a marvelous(8)______ for all of us!When are we going to lose that dead part so we can really live? When are we going to let go of past pain so we can live(9)______? When are we going to drop the baggage of needless guilt so we can(10)______ life? When are we going to let go of that past resentment so we can know peace? Have you been dragging something that is dead and gone around with you? Are you ready to lose that dead part so you can really live? 1.A.entered
B.left
C.rushed D.slipped 2.A.saw B.searched
C.noticed
D.found 3.A.killed
B.injured C.hurt
D.damage 4.A.behind
B.middle
C.head
D.front 5.A.studied
B.researched C.took
D.learned 6.A.pushing B.taking C.pulling
D.bringing 7.A.lose B.miss
C.cut
D.place 8.A.problem B.question
C.doubt
D.puzzle 9.A.happily
B.sadly
C.joyfully
D.fully 10.A.live
B.enjoy
C.experience D.treasure 【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，主要通过分析生活中的一个现象，得出一个人生哲理：生活中我们要善于放弃包袱，轻装上阵，这样我们才能生活得精彩、充实。【新词链接】 above all 首先，尤其是，最重要的是 let go of sb./ sth.把某人(某物)放开，松开手 【试题解析】
1.A 老师在提前进入(enter)教室时发现了一条米虫在吃力地爬行，拖着已经死去的残躯。2.C 老师此时是不经意地注意到，所以用notice。
3.B 米虫还在爬，所以不能用dead，只是受伤了，要用injured;而hurt通常指心灵上的伤害。
4.D 虫的后半个部位已经死了，干了，依附在它身体的前部（front）。5.A 老师在观察这个现象，这个观察带有一定的研究（study）性。6.C 与前文相呼应，这个虫子拖着（pulling）死去的身体部分在爬行。7.A “要活命就得放弃死去的部分。”因此这个死去的部分就成了累赘，loss这里带有放弃的意思。miss“错过”，cut“切下”，place“放置”，均与句子意思不符。
8.B 这个问题恰恰也是值得我们思考的问题，需要回答的问题通常用question表示。9.D 我们把过去的痛苦忘掉，才能生活得精彩、充实（full）。
10.C 只有我们把不必要的负疚的包袱放掉，才能更好地体验（experience）生活。
（十）----夹叙夹议
In the dinning room of my grandfather’s house stood a heavy grandfather’s clock.Meals in the dinning room were a(1)______ for our four generations to become one.The grandfather’s clock always stood like a trusted old family friend,(2)______ us playing jokes and telling stories, which was already a(3)______ of our life.As a child, the old clock interested me.I watched and listened to it during(4)______.I was surprised how at(5)______ times of the day, the clock would strike three times, six times or more, with a wonderful great(6)______ that echoed throughout the house.The clock chimed year after year, a part of my(7)______, a part of my heart.Even more(8)______ to me was my grandfather’s special action each day.He meticulously(9)______ the clock with a special key each day.The key was magic to me.It(10)______ our family’s magnificent clock ticking and striking all year round.1.A.time
B.possibility C.problem D.pleasure 2.A.seeing
B.hearing C.watching D.looking 3.A.start
B.part
C.signal D.mark 4.A.stories
B.jokes
C.periods D.meals 5.A.busy
B.urgent C.happy D.different 6.A.shock
B.sound C.song
D.music 7.A.memories B.minds C.comfort D.information 8.A.comfortable B.hopeful C.wonderful D.skillful 9.A.opened
B.wound C.turned D.started 10.A.made
B.controlled C.kept
D.fixed 【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了餐厅里的闹钟在我的记忆中的印象。【新词链接】 a time 一段时光 interest sb.引起某人的兴趣 all year round 全年 【试题解析】 1.A 短语a time意为“一段时光”，下文的become one意为“成为一体，聚集一堂”。整句意为：在这个餐厅里，一日三餐是我们一家四代人聚集一堂的时候。2.C 爷爷的脑钟总是在那里，像一位可以信赖的家庭朋友一直看着（watch）我们开玩笑讲故事，这已经是我们生活内容的一部分。3.B 见上句解析。4.D 当我们还是个小孩子的时候，这座老钟使我感兴趣，在吃饭的过程中（during），我注视着这座钟，聆听着它的声音。5.D 根据下文和生活中有关闹钟的常识判断，我感到奇怪的是在一天当中不同的时候这座钟是如何敲响3下、6下或更多下的。6.B 闹钟发出的奇妙宏大的声音（sound）在满屋里回荡。7.A 闹钟年复一年地打点报时，留在我的记忆里，也留在我的心里。8.C 根据上下文，使我感到更加惊奇的（wonderful）是爷爷的习惯性动作。9.B 此处wind意为“(给闹钟)上发条”。他每天用一个专门的钥匙小心翼翼地给闹钟上发条。
10.C 这个钥匙是有魔力的，它能保证我们的神奇的闹钟一年到头滴答作响和打点报时。
第五篇：考博试题
中国科学院2007年生态环境研究中心硕士入学考试试题-----土壤学试题
中国科学院2007年生态环境研究中心硕士入学考试试题-----土壤学试题
07年中科院生态环境研究中心土壤学试题（回忆版试题）
一：填空与选择：（5分1题）
1、旱地土壤淹水后土壤PH值是（升高/降低/不变）
2、国际制、美国制和中国制中对于“砾”的直径尺寸要求都是大于_________
3、草甸土、水稻土、沼泽土哪个是地带性土壤：________
4、N、P、K中哪些能被矿物固定：________
5、土壤固相包括哪三个部分：______、________、_________
6、土壤胶体吸附的Na+、Fe3+、H+中哪些是必须元素_______、哪些是有益元素_________
二：名词解释（5分1题）
1、土壤肥力（农学家的定义）：
2、地下水临界深度：
三：计算题（10分1题）
1、从 “孔度＝孔隙体积/土壤体积 ” 推导出 “孔度＝1－（容重/密度）”
2、（记不清了）
四：实践题（10分1题）
1、试列举提高土壤有机质含量常用的三种措施，并简要解释原理
2、试列举提高土壤氮肥利用率的三种措施，并简要解释原理
3、为什么开垦土壤后土壤有机质会普遍减少？
五：问答题（15分1题）
1、比较团粒结构和非团粒结构土壤肥力特性差异
2、比较旱田和水田的水分运动方式的不同
六 论述题（30分1题）
你认为肥沃的土壤应该具备哪些特性？
TOP 华东师范学考博试题
景观生态学（2001年）（五选四）
1、什么是缀块－廊道－基底模式？如何区分这三类景观结构单元？
2、什么是景观的结构、功能和动态？它们之间的关系是什么？
3、什么是景观连接度？它对景观功能的重要意义是什么？
4、为什么要研究景观格局？研究景观格局的主要方法有哪些？
5、景观生态学与自然保护和土地规划及设计有何关系？举例说明如何利用景观生态原理和方法促进生物多样性保护和自然资源管理。4楼
yiii 发表于：2006-3-19 10:48:25 景观生态学（2000年）（五选四）1、3S技术（遥感，全球定位与地理信息系统）技术在景观生态研究中的作用和意义；
2、试述景观生态规划与设计的基本原则和组要方法；
3、比较美国景观生态学派与西欧景观生态学派的工作特点；
4、分析景观生态网络体系的基本特征及成因
5、请设计一个用于景观空间结构的指标体系，并说明其研究方法
中山大学1997——2004年人文地理学考博试题[/size]
中山大学1997年人文地理学考博试题
一、名词解释
1、人地关系论
2、人口反金字塔模式
3、Mental map
4、theme park
二、简析20世纪以来人文地理学的理论进展
三、简析97香港回归的地理意义
四、简析cross-culture与经济全球化的关系
中山大学1998年人文地理学考博试题
一、试析发展迅速的大都市连绵区的人地关系
二、试比较后现代社会和现代社会的乡村文化景观
三、试析中东和平危机的地理意义
中山大学1999年人文地理学考博试题
一、名词解释
1、Age-sex pyramid
2、cultural landscape
3、economic rent
4、social area
二、20世纪以来英美人文地理学的主要流派
三、试析人地关系地域系统与可持续发展的关系
四、试析南联盟科索沃问题的政治地理背景
中山大学2000年人文地理学考博试题
一、名词解释
通论地理学
地缘政治学
可持续发展观
洪堡
二、试述20世纪50年代以前和以后人文地理学发展的特点
三、试述区域发展依附理论的演进及其对后工业社会的解释价值
四、举例分析旅游业发展在产业结构调整中的作用和地位
五、我国最近提出开发大西北的区域发展战略其地理依据何在？
中山大学2001年人文地理学考博试题
一、名词解释
拉采尔
人地相关论
行为革命
海权论
二、经济全球化与区域集团化对人地关系的影响
三、请论述人文地理学与你报考方向的相互关系
四、下图为某国人口年龄结构构成曲线，请论述年龄构成的特征及需要采取的政策。
中山大学2002年人文地理学考博试题
一、名次解释
1、拉采尔和白兰士
2、计量地理学和行为地理学
3、文化整合（cultural integration）
4、胡焕墉人口地理分界线
二、从中国“入世”探讨我国人地关系变化的新趋势
三、从人文地理学角度分析你对“
9、11”事件的看法
四、分析我国城乡差距扩大的原因及对策
中山大学2003年人文地理学考博试题
一、名词解释
1、拉采尔
2、白兰士
3、人本主义方法论
4、文化空间扩散
5、聚集与扩散
二、外来劳工与城市化
三、区域协调发展战略的地理意义
四、跨国公司对投资地的经济影响特征
中山大学2004年人文地理学考博试题
一、名词解释
1、拉采尔
2、人本主义地理学
3、文化景观
4、区域经济集团化
5、管治
6、适度人口
7、信息化
8、环境决定论
二、从地理学角度来谈SARS的传播
三、从政治、经济、宗教和民族空间关系来谈中东问题
四、从三农和三矿的关系来谈中国区域经济发展
名词解释（忘了两个了）
矿物，土壤、地下水总矿化度，大气对流层，季风，河流、地域分布规律，生物种群
简答
地球表面基本特征，地貌成因，土壤物质组成，生物多样性的价值，自然区划的原则
论述
主要陆地生态系统类型，自然地理的研究对象、分科及其与其它学科的关系
2006年地理所人文地理学考博真题汇总 区域发展：
名词：国定贫困县； 社会主义新农村； 经济地理：
名词：人口金字塔；生产性服务业 回去再接着回顾，情大家回帖！经济地理：
中央十一五规划建议的4个主体功能区（给出名称）简述我国过去50年来粮食生产格局的变化及其原因 简析开发区的利弊。
影响钢铁企业布局俄因素有哪些？试分析某一因素对我国钢铁工业布局的影响。
都市经济区的定义/功能，并结合某一都市经济区，分析其功能，存在的问题、未来的战略重点/ 还有一道是选泽东部、中部、西部、东北任一区域，分析其空间结构。
遥感所2003 自 然 地 理
一、名词解释(30分：10×3分)黄土堆积 季风气候 隐域性植被 干燥度 自然区划原则 土地利用 径流 植被 流域 地下水
二、填空题(30分：20×1.5分)地貌形成因素包括、、、等。气候形成因素包括、、等。
自然地理要素的空间分异规律一般概括为、、等。地表水主要赋存形式有、、等。我国海岸基本分为、、等类型。
森林蕴藏着大量的动、植物资源，并且具有、、、，以及防治自然灾害的巨大作用。
简述题：(60分：3×20分)1．简述我国第四纪环境演变的主要特点 2．中国自然地理地域分异的特征
3.根据中国土地资源的特征，试述其意义或对策
四、论述题(30分)试述人类活动与自然地理过程的相互作用？
兰州大学2000年自然地理考研试题
一．
解释下列概念（30分）
日的距离及其意义
臭氧层及其意义 成冰作用 夷平面 腐殖质及其作用 生态位 二．
论述地球自转和公转个有那些意义（20分）三．
简介垂直地带性（15分）华东师大2000年硕考RS试题
一、遥感名词解释(4*10=40分)
电磁辐射 黑体辐射 太阳辐射 地物光谱特性 中心投影 多光谱摄影 静止卫星判读标志 地面分辨率 非监督分类
二、问答题(60分)
１）什么叫遥感平台？按其高度不同可以分为那几种？各种遥感平台的作用是什么？
２）什么叫地物反射光谱？试述植被、水体、雪的反射光谱各有哪些特点？
３）何谓航空像片的比例尺、平均比例尺？引起像片比例尺变化的主要因素有哪些？
４）设计一个遥感图像处理系统的框图，说明它们的功能，并举一应用实例。
５）何谓遥感、地理信息系统、全球定位系统？试述三者之间的相互关系与作用．
2002北师大gis试题!一.28'
1.Metadata 2.TIN 3.ODBC 4.Digital Earth 5.NSDI 6.质心 7.OpenGIS 二.32'
1.关于投影变形特点的问题
2.关于拓扑数据的题(只是根据图写出弧段及多边形的拓扑关系)(1.2.有图,我就不写了,大家放心我这样的笨人也感到不难)3.简述当前空间数据的存储方式,优缺点及发展趋势.4.请分别说明栅格数据和矢量数据的特点,并对二者的数据格式进行比较.三.40'
1.论述当前GIS发展趋势.15'
2.给定如图3所示8*8图像,请分别写出游程长度编码数据和四叉树编码数据, 并用任意一种编程语言编写上述两种编码的程序.25'
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2002华师大 gis 试题
一，名词解释（每题6分，共30分）1，电子地图 2，节点（node）/顶点（vertex）3，缓冲区分析 4，元数据（metadata）5，组件式GIS产品
二，问答题（共70分）
1，叙述一种有代表性的GIS商业化软件的基本情况和主要功能。（20）
2，叙述矢量编码的三种方法及各自的特点（20分）
3，现有一个城市的道路图，公园分布图和人口普查单元图（有人口等数据），问如何利用GIS实现如下功能：
1）假定公园的服务范围是与步行距离（d）有关，当一个地方与公园的步行距离小于d时即位于公园的服务范围，根据定义确定城市中哪些区域为公园服务范围的重叠区域。
2）基于公园服务范围，确定不同区域的人均公园面积（产生人均公园面积分布图）（20分）
4，举例说明GIS与GPS结合的应用现状与应用前景（10分）
1、根据空间数据库的管理模式，简述通用的数据库模型中那些适用于空间数据管理。说明文件管理系统、数据库管理系统有哪些不同？
2、设计一算法，使数字化作业员两次放置原图在手扶跟踪数字化仪台面上，两次数字化同一原图的不同实体所获取的图形坐标数据，仍能保证其可靠的连接和配准。
北京大学1998年研究生入学考试试题
一、名词解释
1、空间分析函数（5×4）
2、GPS
3、四叉数编码
4、信息系统
5、OpenGIS
二、简答题（4×10）
1、空间指标和空间关系量测的主要内容
2、矢量多边形面积的快速算法（要求附框图）
3、DEM、DTM的概念及其获取方法
4、由栅格数据向矢量数据的转换的方法。
三、综合分析题（2×20）
1、地理信息系统的意义、特点与发展趋势
2、地理信息系统的信息源与输入方法
北京大学1999年研究生入学考试试题
一、名词解释（10×4）
1、数字地球
2、矢量结构
3、栅格数据
4、拓扑关系
5、缓冲区分析（buffer)
6、多边形覆盖分析（overlay)
7、数字高程模型（OEM)
8、三角法（TIN)
9、元数据（Metadata）
10、高斯——克吕格投影
二、简答题（5×8）
1、简述地理信息系统中主要有那些空间分析方法。
2、简述地图投影的基本原理
3、简述栅格数据的数据组织方法
4、简述地理信息系统的主要软硬件组成5、简述地理信息系统工程的三维结构体系
三、论述题（20）
试论GIS项目中文档管理的意义及文档的类型（主要有那些文档）？
北京大学2000年研究生入学考试试题
一、概念题（8×5）
1、国家信息基础设施
2、空间对象（实体）
3、拓扑结构
4、元数据（Metadata）
5、层次数据库模型
6、GIS互操作
7、四叉树编码
8、空间索引
二、简述题（5×8）
1、简述栅格数据结构的三种数据组织方法
2、简述地理信息系统数据采集的方法及特点
3、简述高斯——克吕格投影的特点
5、简述地理信息系统空间数据的误差来源
三、论述题（20）
试论网络GIS的技术特点及尚需解决的问题
北京大学2001年研究生入学考试试题
一、概念题（六选五，5×4）
1、空间对象
2、拓扑空间关系
3、地理空间中栅格表达方法
4、四叉树编码
5、空间数据质量
6、缓冲区分析
二、简述题（4×10）
1、地理信息系统的组成
2、矢量、栅格、DEM数据结构的优缺点分析
3、属性数据库的数据模型
4、空间数据的内插方法
三、论述题（2×20）
1、论述地理信息系统的数据来源及数据采集的主要方法
2、论述DEM的主要应用
GIS概论
一、简答：
1.地理信息的基本特征。（99）
2.数字地形模型的构建与应用。（99）3.地理信息系统数据库管理系统的特点。（99）
4.地理信息系统的主要分析方法。（99）
5.地理信息系统与计算机制图关系剖析。（99）
6.矢量与栅格数据的优缺点。（98）
二、问答（任选二）
1.论地理信息系统与地理信息科学。（99）
2.专业模型与地理信息系统连接方式比较。（99）
3.结合你的专业，举例说明地理信息系统的应用特点。（99）
4.GIS产生、发展过程及前景。（98）
5.RS 与GIS 结合。（98）
2000年中科院博士入学考试（GIS）
一、名词解释（每个4分，共20分）
1.空间拓扑关系
2.地址匹配
3.元数据
4.栅格数据结构
5.空间数据精度
二、简答题（每个10分，共30分）
1.简述地理信息系统的组成
2.数字地形模型（DTM）的构建与应用
3.叠加分析
三、问答题（任选二，每个25分，共50分）
1.地理信息系统的发展及趋势
2.时空动态数据结构研究
3.结合你的专业，论述GIS应用的关键技术问题。
遥感概论：
一、简答与名词解释：
1.混合像元（98）
2.高光谱（98）
3.监督与非监督分类（97）
4.最大似然法（97）
5.纹理特征用于信息提取（98）
6.主成分分析（99）
7.TM的七个波段（97）
8.高光谱遥感（99）
9.遥感影象的特征（99）
二、论述
1.最小二乘法的原理、公式及应用。（98）
2.结合工作，谈遥感的应用与发展前景。（99）
3.遥感地学评价基础。（97）
2000年中科院博士生入学考试（RS）
一、名词解释（每个5分，共25分）
1.高光谱遥感
2.空间分辨率 3.大气纠正
4.色度空间
5.小波变换
二、论述题：（任选三，每个25分）
1.微波遥感的成像机理。
2.多源数据复合的方法及关键技术。
3.遥感的发展及前沿综述
4.结合你的专业，谈谈遥感应用的关键技术
《自然地理学》2000年考试题
1． 关于自然地理学科发展
2． 西部土地退化有哪几种类型
3． 西部开发面临的主要问题
4． 自然地域分界线
北京大学2001年硕士研究生入学考试试题（地理信息系统）
一、概念题（从6道题中任选5题，每题4分，共20分）
1、空间对象
2、拓扑空间关系
3、地理空间中的栅格表达方法
4、四叉树编码
5、空间数据质量
6、缓冲区分析
二、简述题（每题10分）
1、地理信息系统的组成
2、矢量、栅格、DEM数据结构的优缺点分析
3、属性数据库的数据模型
4、空间数据的内插方法
三、论述题（每题20分）
1、论述地理信息系统的数据来源及数据采集的主要方法
2、论述DEM的主要应用
华东师范大学2000年GIS试题
一:名词解释
1:地理信息系统
2:矢量数据
3:空间分析
4:组建式GIS 5:虚拟现实
6:WEBGIS 二:简答题
1:简述地理信息系统发展史
2:简述空间分析的方法
3:简述OPENGIS的特点
4:珊格数据和矢量数据的区别
5:简述GIS在3S中的应用
三:论述题 1:GIS的发展前景
2:WEBGIS的设计过程
南大2002年硕考试题
1.数据库管理系统有哪几种模型？比较它们的优缺点，并指出是否适合GIS空间数据的管理。
2.举例说明空间叠加分析和缓冲区分析的异同点。
3.结合你的专业领域论述GIS的发展趋势和前景。（不太记得是不是这个内容了）
4.试设计一算法，使两次放置原图在数字化仪平台上，两次所采集的数据仍属于同一坐标系
今年我考新疆分院的博士，记得几个题 1土壤的形成，人为因素对土壤形成的影响
2现代自然地理学的特点 3干旱区的地貌 类型及成因 4地域分异规律 还有一个，忘了
中山大学2004年城市地理学考博试题
一、新方法革命以来西方城市地理学主要流派以及未来研究展望
二、城市内部空间结构的相互关系
三、网络型城市与超大型城市的优缺点
四、从三农问题看待中国城市化
五、英文图表分析（许学强在经济地理2003年上的城市地理综述）
北京大学博士入学考试题,建议大家多收集上传共享各单位试题
thinker 提供
北大考博人文地理试题2004年
一、区位论（重点是王缉慈的思想）1 名词 30分
距离衰减法则 区位因子 2 问答题
（1）新区位论与传统区位论的区别（英语提问）（2）生产要素投入的变化对区位论的影响（3）廖什理论 画图（4）
二 城市问题 1 名词
房地产再开发 土地二级市场 3S技术 以PPP计算的GNP（PPP可能指购买力评价）城市职能 城市郊区化和郊区城市化 2 对城市发展战略规划问题的看法 3 城市位序规模法则内容及意义 4 房地产开发与城市规划的关系 北大历年考博试题 区位论 1999年
一、北京市（或其他超大城市）商业服务业的形成和CBD区位
二、理论地理学的来龙去脉（一、二任选一，每题30分）
三、工业区位优选的线性模式
四、产业空间扩散的演变过程（三、四两题任选一，每题30分）
五、简释：
区位地租 2 区位商 3 区位三角形 4 服务半径 5 门槛人口 6 单纯腹地和竞争腹地（六选四题，每题10分）
区位论 2000年
一、简答（每题5分，从中任选8题）区位与区位主体 2 区位决策过程 3 逆杜能圈 4 收益性空间界限 5 行为矩阵6 引7力模式 7 潜能模式 8 地理扩散 9 交通网络的连结度 10 城市地域理想结构
二、论述（每题20分，从中任选3题）1 威尔逊的空间相互作用理论模式 李嘉图的比较利益原则及在区域分工理论上的贡献 3 论述公共服务设施的区位选择 简述中心地理论概要，并举例说明在区域规划以及城市体系规划中的应用。
区位论 1998年
一 简释题：（5选4，每题10分）区位的几何要素和地理实体 2 杜能环 3 产销区划的基本理论模式卫星城 5 断裂点理论
二 城市的区位特点及经济性
三 距离说明中心地理论在我国的应用。
四 我国主要的点轴地域结构（二、三、四题任选两题，每题30分）
区位论 1997年
一 简答题（任选4题，每题10分）区位商 2 区域经济布局的优选数学模型 3 俄林的价格差异地域分工学说 4 混合吸引范围 5 A.Weber的市场三指向
二 生产接近原（燃）料产地和消费区的线性模式 三 考虑产品效用时的产销区界特点
四 经济地理学、空间经济学和区位论的关系（二、三、四题任选其二，每题30分）
区位论 1996年 一 简答题 区位的几何要素和地理实体（7分）2 区位三角形（7分）3 土地收益递减律（6分）4区位商（6分）5 门槛人口（7分）6 第三代卫星城（7分）二 生产接近原料产地和消费区的线性模式
三 W.christaller 市场网络的三种基本类型 四 城市地域结构的演化律
（二、三、四题任选其二，每题30分）2000年 北京大学 人文地理学 一 名词解释
通论地理学 地缘政治学 可持续发展观 洪堡
二 论述20世纪50年代以前30以后人文地理学发展特点 三 试述区域发展依附理论的演进极其对后工业社会的解释价值 四 举例分析旅游业发展在产业结构调整中的作用和地位 五 我国最近提出开发大西北的区域发展战略，其地理依据何在？
城市地理 2000年 一 名词解释
因子生态分析 城市土地利用模式 Terry.McGee 城市经济基础理论 二 试述20世纪50年代后城市地理学的方法论革命及发展趋势 三 比较含义： urbanization 和 urbanism 2 urban system 和 system cities 2 试述世界产业空间组织变化与大都市带形成的关系 3 结合我国经济发展实际，分析城市化与经济发展的互动关系
一、区位论（重点是王缉慈的思想）1 名词 30分
距离衰减法则 区位因子 2 问答题
（1）新区位论与传统区位论的区别（英语提问）（2）生产要素投入的变化对区位论的影响（3）廖什理论 画图（4）
二 城市问题 1 名词
房地产再开发 土地二级市场 3S技术 以PPP计算的GNP（PPP可能指购买力评价）城市职能 城市郊区化和郊区城市化 2 对城市发展战略规划问题的看法 3 城市位序规模法则内容及意义 4 房地产开发与城市规划的关系 北大历年考博试题 区位论 1999年
一、北京市（或其他超大城市）商业服务业的形成和CBD区位
二、理论地理学的来龙去脉（一、二任选一，每题30分）
三、工业区位优选的线性模式
四、产业空间扩散的演变过程（三、四两题任选一，每题30分）
五、简释：
区位地租 2 区位商 3 区位三角形 4 服务半径 5 门槛人口 6 单纯腹地和竞争腹地（六选四题，每题10分）
区位论 2000年
一、简答（每题5分，从中任选8题）区位与区位主体 2 区位决策过程 3 逆杜能圈 4 收益性空间界限 5 行为矩阵6 引7力模式 7 潜能模式 8 地理扩散 9 交通网络的连结度 10 城市地域理想结构
二、论述（每题20分，从中任选3题）1 威尔逊的空间相互作用理论模式 2 李嘉图的比较利益原则及在区域分工理论上的贡献 3 论述公共服务设施的区位选择 简述中心地理论概要，并举例说明在区域规划以及城市体系规划中的应用。
区位论 1998年
一 简释题：（5选4，每题10分）区位的几何要素和地理实体 2 杜能环 3 产销区划的基本理论模式卫星城 5 断裂点理论
二 城市的区位特点及经济性
三 距离说明中心地理论在我国的应用。
四 我国主要的点轴地域结构（二、三、四题任选两题，每题30分）
区位论 1997年
一 简答题（任选4题，每题10分）区位商 2 区域经济布局的优选数学模型 3 俄林的价格差异地域分工学说 4 混合吸引范围 5 A.Weber的市场三指向
二 生产接近原（燃）料产地和消费区的线性模式 三 考虑产品效用时的产销区界特点
四 经济地理学、空间经济学和区位论的关系（二、三、四题任选其二，每题30分）
区位论 1996年 一 简答题 区位的几何要素和地理实体（7分）2 区位三角形（7分）3 土地收益递减律（6分）4区位商（6分）5 门槛人口（7分）6 第三代卫星城（7分）二 生产接近原料产地和消费区的线性模式
三 W.christaller 市场网络的三种基本类型 四 城市地域结构的演化律
（二、三、四题任选其二，每题30分）2000年 北京大学 人文地理学 一 名词解释
通论地理学 地缘政治学 可持续发展观 洪堡
二 论述20世纪50年代以前30以后人文地理学发展特点 三 试述区域发展依附理论的演进极其对后工业社会的解释价值 四 举例分析旅游业发展在产业结构调整中的作用和地位 五 我国最近提出开发大西北的区域发展战略，其地理依据何在？
城市地理 2000年 一 名词解释
因子生态分析 城市土地利用模式 Terry.McGee 城市经济基础理论 二 试述20世纪50年代后城市地理学的方法论革命及发展趋势 三 比较含义： urbanization 和 urbanism 2 urban system 和 system cities 2 试述世界产业空间组织变化与大都市带形成的关系 3 结合我国经济发展实际，分析城市化与经济发展的互动关系 刚考了生态中心的，成绩不好，但是经历可以共享 基本概念比较：
自然区划与生态功能区划 大陆性气候与海洋性气候 地理循环与生物地球化学循环 土地评价与土地持续性评价 遥感监督分类与非监督分类 问题分析：
格局与过程原理及其在地理学中的应用 全球变化中自然地理学的作用 植被在区域水循环中的作用
南大04年考博试题！此帖原来由福建师范大学巍子提供 2004年博士考试，经济地理学进展
（一）名词解释 1经济全球化 2可持续发展 3高技术产业 4大都市区（圈）5城乡协调发展
（二）论述题
1以图示形式表示点轴开发模式和圈层扩展模式并论述两理论及应用特点
2区域规划将成为我国十一五的新内容，试分析说明其主要内容及对完善我国社会主义市场 经济体制的意义
3试比较我国长江三角洲和珠江三角洲两大经济区域的发展特征和综合竞争优势 2004年博士考试，规划理论与实践
一、名词解释（2分/个）1.经济区 2.城市规划 3.区域规划 4.城市公共空间 5.概念规划 6.簇群规划
7.飞鹅（flying geese)发展理论 8.发达制造业 9.生产服务业 10.全球化
二、简答（10分/个）1.简述城镇体系规划的内容 2.简述可持续发展研究的主要内容 3.简述旅游规划的理论与方法
三、论述（25分/个，选做二）1.中国城市总体规划的发展新趋势 2.土地利用规划的理论与方法
3.国民经济和社会发展计划编制的基本框架
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