经济大萧条 英文资料 论文

第一篇：经济大萧条 英文资料 论文

Great Depression, in U.S.history, the severe economic crisis supposedly precipitated by the U.S.stock-market crash of 1929.Although it shared the basic characteristics of other such crises(see), the Great Depression was unprecedented in its length and in the wholesale poverty and tragedy it inflicted on society.Economists have disagreed over its causes, but certain causative factors are generally accepted.The prosperity of the 1920s was unevenly distributed among the various parts of the American economy—farmers and unskilled workers were notably excluded—with the result that the nation's productive capacity was greater than its capacity to consume.In addition, the tariff and war-debt policies of the Republican administrations of the 1920s had cut down the foreign market for American goods.Finally, easy-money policies led to an inordinate expansion of credit and installment buying and fantastic speculation in the stock market.The American depression produced severe effects abroad, especially in Europe, where many countries had not fully recovered from the aftermath of World War I;in Germany, the economic disaster and resulting social dislocation contributed to the rise of Adolf Hitler.In the United States, at the depth(1932–33)of the depression, there were 16 million unemployed—about one third of the available labor force.The gross national product declined from the 1929 figure of $103,828,000,000 to $55,760,000,000 in 1933.The economic, agricultural, and relief policies of theadministration under President Franklin Delano Roosevelt did a great deal to mitigate the effects of the depression and, most importantly, to restore a sense of confidence to the American people.Yet it is generally agreed that complete business recovery was not achieved and unemployment ended until the government began to spend heavily for defense in the early 1940s.大萧条时期，美国的历史，据说严重的经济危机促成了美国股市1929年崩溃。虽然它同意其他此类危机的基本特征（见抑郁症），大萧条是前所未有的，其长度在批发贫困和对社会造成的悲剧它。经济学家们不同意以上的原因，但某些致病因素是普遍接受。20世纪20年代的繁荣是不均衡的分布在美国经济，农民的各种零部件和非技术工人，特别是排除在外，其结果是国家的生产能力大于消费能力更大。此外，关税和20年代的共和党政府的战争债务政策已经削减美国商品的国外市场。最后，宽松的货币政策导致信贷过度扩张和分期付款购买和股市投机幻想。美国抑郁症产生严重影响，特别是在欧洲，许多国家还没有完全从第一次世界大战，在德国，经济灾难，造成社会混乱助长了希特勒崛起后收回国外。在美国，在深度抑郁症（1932-1933年），有16万失业，约三分之一的可用劳动力的三分之一。国民生产总值下降从一○三八二八○○○○○○美元到1929年的数字五五七六零零零零零零零美元于1933年。经济，农业，以及行政救济政策新政下的总统富兰克林德拉诺罗斯福做了很多工作减轻抑郁症的影响，最重要的是恢复自信的感觉给美国人民。然而，人们普遍认为，完整的业务复苏并没有达到，失业结束，直到政府开始花费在20世纪40年代初大量防御。

Great Depression

Longest and most severe economic depression ever experienced by the Western world.It began in the U.S.soon after the New Yorkand lasted until about 1939.By late 1932 stock values had dropped to about 20% of their previous value, and by 1933 11,000 of the U.S.'s 25,000 banks had failed.These and other conditions, worsened by monetary policy mistakes and adherence to the gold standard, led to much-reduced levels of demand and hence of production, resulting in high unemployment(by 1932, 25–30%).Since the U.S.was the major creditor and financier of postwar Europe, the U.S.financial breakdown precipitated economic failures around the world, especially in Germany and Britain.spread as nations sought to protect domestic production by imposing tariffs andquotas, ultimately reducing the value of international trade by more than half by 1932.The Great Depression contributed to political upheaval.It led to the election of U.S.Pres., who introduced major changes in the structure of the U.S.economy through his.The Depression also advanced 's rise to power in Germany in 1933 and fomented political extremism in other countries.Before the Great Depression, governments relied on impersonal market forces to achieve economic correction;afterward, government action came to assume a principal role in ensuring economic stability.大萧条 最长和最严重的经济衰退所经历过西方世界。它发端于美国后不久，纽约股市崩溃，1929年和1939年左右才持续。到1932年末，股票价值已下降到约20％的以前的值，以及1933年美国的银行25,000 11,000失败了。这些和其他条件，通过货币政策失误和坚持金本位制导致需求大大下降水平，生产因此，在失业率高企导致恶化到1932年，25〜30％（）。由于美国是主要的债权人和战后欧洲的金融家，美国的金融崩溃沉淀，特别是在德国和英国的世界各地的经济失败。孤立主义的蔓延作为国家寻求保护征收关税和配额的国内生产，最终减少了一半以上由1932年的国际贸易的价值。大萧条导致政治**。这导致了美国普雷什选举。富兰克林罗斯福，谁通过他的介绍新政在美国经济结构的重大变化。大萧条还先进阿道夫希特勒的崛起，在德国于1933年，煽动其他国家的政治极端主义。大萧条之前，政府依靠客观的市场力量来实现经济改正;之后，政府采取行动来承担，在确保经济稳定的主要作用。

第二篇：经济与环境英文小论文

The thesis is about the conflict between economy and the environment.Nowadays, the flourish of economy brings great impacts on the environment, and that is a complicated problem which needs to be solved.Since the first industrial revolution, some countries have achieved their economic goals at the expense of destroying the environment.Unfortunately, developing countries are eager to follow the same old disastrous road in order to improve the life standard of their citizens.In 2009, the United Nations Climate Change Conference tried to mediate this problem between developed countries and developing countries.This conference put forward that the developed countries and developing countries shall share the responsibility for damaging the environment.There will be less natural resources for the future generations because they are consumed at a large amount.According to Chinanews, the annual consumption of natural resources will amount to 140 billion tons by the year 2050 which is out of the earth’s bearable load.In that situation, human will be a kind of smug and use the mighty high technology to synthetize different things instead of the natural ones.So it is possible that people in future will have to live in a boring world which is constructed by high technology materials.The conflict between economy and environment has remained for many years, but people can try to establish a harmony relationship between them.It is for human’s benefit to protect the environment while developing the economy.Esther

第三篇：英文资料

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英文锁定原名“全真英语”，是一个专业的在线英语学习网站，而且它的英语培训已经进军线下教学市场，提供日常的英语培训课程。线上部分有“英语社区”、“语言学习”、“阅读空间”、“考场内外”、“专业英语”、“飘洋过海”、“影音空间”、“手机短信”、“电子期刊”、“付费服务”十大栏目。

“语言学习”栏目下设“语法与词汇”、“口语与听力”、“翻译与写作”三个子栏目。“语法与词汇”以文章方式教您正确使用语法和词汇，“口语与听力”栏目以Real在线播放的方式提供各种英语教学讲座、VOA慢速英语，还有为口语和听力精选的背诵小段、实用话题与技巧指导。“翻译与写作”栏目以中英文对照的方式提供各种公文、文章、小说、新闻甚至诗词等翻译资料，通过中英文对照的方式学习如何翻译不同文体的中文。

另外，“阅读空间”提供了一些增强阅读和翻译水平的内容，下设“每日读图”、“经典追踪”、“教您读新闻”三个子栏目。“每日读图”首先让读者通过不同的难易程度选择新闻，然后阅读一段有关该新闻的中文简介，对新闻的内容有一定了解后再开始阅读英文新闻，同时有新闻中较难词汇的中文解释。而“教您读新闻”栏目则是逐一分析在新闻阅读过程中一些难以掌握的词汇和语法。

“影音空间”是增强听力的栏目，主要有“电影”、“音乐”、“影音了望”三个子栏目，“音乐”同样使用Real在线播放方式，提供一些英文歌曲。另外，“专业英语”分“BEC考试”、“办公交际”、“商用写作”、“求职英语”、“科技英语”几类，分别介绍不同的英语学习技巧。“考场内外”和“飘洋过海”分别提供英语考试和出国方面的信息。

英文锁定的“手机短信”、“电子期刊”、“付费服务”是收费栏目。“电子期刊”提供词汇、短句、俚语、谚语、快讯等通过电子邮件发送的刊物。“付费服务”为企业提供翻译服务、商务信函和英文Mail、报告的写作，为个人提供简历、自荐书的翻译服务。

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第四篇：经济担保书英文

letter of financial support november 2007 dear uk visa officer, we are the applicant,________’s supporters.we are happy to support the applicant to go to study in uk and willing to take the responsibility of sponsor to pay tuition fee, life expense and travel fee during his/her study in uk.we will provide him/her with enough money by bank remittance every year for any possible use in uk.we will increase the sum of guarantee money if necessary.she/he is not expected to repay the money.thank you for your assessment.yours sincerely, signature of support/s:篇二：经济担保书英文翻译

经济担保书英文翻译

financial support statement 我愿做__________国（地区）学生______________在南京大学学习期间的经济担保人，保证该生按时缴纳各种费用，该生不能支付有关费用时，由我负责支付。i am willing to be the financial supporter of mr./ms._________________________, a citizen of_____________________, during his /her stay at nanjing university as a student.i will make sure that he /she pay all the fees on time, and i will pay all the fees which he /she would fail to pay.姓名/name:_______________ 国籍/nationality:_______________ 证件号码/identification number:____________________ 与申请人关系

/relationship with the application:_______________________ 住址/address:____________________________________________________ 单位 /name of employer:_______________________________________________ 电话(住宅)/telephone number(home):__________________(单位/office):_________________ 担保人签字/signature:__________________________ 日期/date:_______________________篇三：中英文担保书

担 保 书

美利坚合众国驻 领事馆：

我们的孩子，男/女，出生于 年 月 日，护照号

码：，就读于 学校。参加 活动。我们保证他/她遵守一切规定，听从领队老师的命令，不私自离队，不单独行动，按时回国，他/她在美期间的一切费用由我们承担，如出现滞留不归的现象，我们愿意承担由此引起的一切经济后果和法律责任。

父亲签字：

母亲签字：

日期： 年 月 日 letter of guarantee signed by father: singed by mother: date:篇四：证件翻译之经济担保书英译样本

证件翻译之经济担保书英译样本

北京福瑞传翻译有限公司 提交于:2008-7-18 证件翻译之经济担保书英译样本

经济担保书是经济担保人为了对他人在国外留学期间所需要的费用进行担保而出具的一份带有声明性质的函件。取得合格的经济担保书,首先要确定有经济能力且自愿为申请人进行担保的合理的人选(如亲朋好友等), 其次必须由担保人出具经济担保的正式函件(包括自愿提供申请人在国外学习期间的学费、生活费等一切相关的费用)并签字, 三是须由担保人提供其本人的银行存款证明、收入证明或纳税证明等。对于经济担保证明书, 一般由担保人本人签字即可, 但最好经过其所在国家或地区的公证机关公证。经济担保书英文翻译（样本）financial support statement 我愿做__________国（地区）学生______________在南京大学学习期间的经济担保人，保证该生按时缴纳各种费用，该生不能支付有关费用时，由我负责支付。i am willing to be the financial supporter of mr./ms._________________________, a citizen of_____________________, during his /her stay at nanjing university as a student.i will make sure that he /she pay all the fees on time, and i will pay all the fees which he /she would fail to pay.姓名/name:_______________ 国籍/nationality:_______________ 证件号码/identification number:____________________ 与申请人关系/relationship with the application:_______________________ 住址/address:____________________________________________________

单位/name of employer:_______________________________________________ 电话(住宅)/telephone number(home):__________________(单位/office):_________________ 担保人签字/signature:__________________________ 日期/date:_______________________ 证件翻译之经济担保书英译样本

经济担保书是经济担保人为了对他人在国外留学期间所需要的费用进行担保而出具的一份带有声明性质的函件。取得合格的经济担保书,首先要确定有经济能力且自愿为申请人进行担保的合理的人选(如亲朋好友等), 其次必须由担保人出具经济担保的正式函件(包括自愿提供申请人在国外学习期间的学费、生活费等一切相关的费用)并签字, 三是须由担保人提供其本人的银行存款证明、收入证明或纳税证明等。对于经济担保证明书, 一般由担保人本人签字即可, 但最好经过其所在国家或地区的公证机关公证。经济担保书英文翻译（样本）financial support statement 我愿做__________国（地区）学生______________在南京大学学习期间的经济担保人，保证该生按时缴纳各种费用，该生不能支付有关费用时，由我负责支付。

第五篇：如何写英文论文

如何写英文论文

一、开头段常用思路

1.介绍当前背景、现象、形势+说出自己的观点

2.介绍双方观点+说出自己的观点

3.提个问题+介绍双方观点+说出自己的观点

4.介绍当前背景、现象、形势+介绍双方观点+说出自己的观点

5.说个与题目相关的故事+说出自己的观点

6.介绍当前背景+介绍对方观点+说出自己的观点

7.连续发问式

8.说出名人名言或谚语+介绍当前背景、现象、形势+说出自己的观点

9.以调查数据为佐证

10.以典型事实为佐证

二、理由常用思路

1.说出自己观点的好处或赞成这种观点的原因

2.批驳对方观点的弱点

3.为自己观点的不足做辩解

4.结合当前的背景和现象

5.围绕涉及不同对象

三、段落展开方法

1.列举事实法

2.举例子论证法

3.对比论证法

4.类比论证法

5.假设论证法

6.结合统计数据，名人名言和谚语，专家和权威的观点

四．结尾段常用思路

1.重申观点

2.重申观点+改写各理由段理由

3.灵活的结尾

4.重申观点+灵活结尾

5.让步+重申观点

文章写得连贯 关联词

并列和递进

And moreover further furthermore also likewise similarly tooin like manneragainin the same waybesidesin addition

转折和让步

But nevertheless otherwiseon the other handconverselyon the contraryhowever yet stillin spite ofall the sameeven soafter allalthougheven if

原因和结果

Because since as forbecause ofhenceconsequentlythussofor this reasonaccordinglythereforeas a resultit follows that

比较与对照

Similarlylikewiseequally importantin factat the same timeaccordinglyin the same waylikeon the contrary

different fromin contrastin comparisondespiteyetbuthoweverunlikenot only but alsoyears ago…today

the former…the latterthe first…whereas the secondwhereasneverthelessinsteadhere…therethis…thatthen…now

some…othersonce…now

提示陈述顺序

Firstto begin withto start within the first placenextsecondthirdin the second placebesidesin additionwhat’s morefurthermoremoreoverto make matters worsefinally

Last but not least

举例

For instancefor exampleto illustrateas an illustration

结论

In a wordin shortin briefto sum upin summary

in conclusionto conclude

表明时间顺序

Thennowcurrentlyat presentsomewhat laterpresentlyThereuponthereaftereventuallyat the same timemeanwhile First secondin the mean timesoonnextfinallyat last 复述

Brieflythat is to sayin factindeedin other words 表明方位

To the rightin the distancestraight aheadon the left belowbetweenadjacent tounderbeyondaround close toopposite toon top ofoveracross from

above next to