考研英语阅读指导文章以说明文议论文为主

第一篇：考研英语阅读指导文章以说明文议论文为主

考研英语有难度，而阅读理解作为考研英语的重头戏，受到了最多的关注，一直以来如何赢得阅读是每个备考生的愿望，但是我们更多的是遇到了这些问题：如何为什么阅读理解能力弱？为什么做了那么多练习还是迟迟不见成果？为什么……如果你的词汇量够，如果你也做了足够的习题，那么，你认真想过没有，也许你忽略了一个很重要的重点：你还不了解它，纵使看得懂未必做得对，就好象我们会认识很多人，但不可能了解每一个人。

通过历年考研英语阅读可以发现，文章主要以说明文和议论文为主，那么，我们今天就来帮助同学们重点了解一下这两个类型的文章。说明文多见于人文、自然等科普读物，常通过定义、比较、对照等写作手法对事物的性状、特征、演变、结果或其相互之间的关系进行解释或揭示。说明文的第一句通常为主题句，开宗明义、点明全文要说明的对象，如上所述，说明文的行文方式有其特点，即主要有比较、对照和分类几种格式，每篇短文以一种为主，有时几种兼用。阅读说明文要抓住文章的主题，弄清短文的段落组织方式与行文格式，同时还要把握各层次(或自然段)的要点及其与短文主题的内在关系。

论述文是所有文体中比较难理解的一种，主要因为这类文章往往渗透着作者的个人观点和态度，观点和事实相互混杂，读者难以分辨。作者的观点态度有时通过旗帜鲜明的论点明述，有时则通过论证或驳论暗示，理解后一类论述文比前一类更难，因为这一类短文往往层次交叠，思路错综。阅读论述文要从该文体的写作和结构特点入手，注意以下四个方面：抓住短文的论点，论据并明确作者用以论证的是归纳、类推还是演绎； 论述文通常立中有驳、驳中有立，阅读中要特别注意其中的反驳内容； 抓住论证中表示因果、递进和转折的意流转换信号词；注意作者使用的表达自己赞同、反对等感情色彩的形容词、副词或句型。

同时，观察历年考研英语阅读可以发现，要了解阅读文章其实很容易，共性很多，文章结构大致可以分为两种——总分总和总分。

总分总是说明文、议论文的共同全文结构模式。其中说明文的基本模式是：引言（用事例、试验等引出问题）——分析（分析原因；实验过程等）——结论（建议、解决方案），说明文阐述事物的原理、起因和可能的后果；而议论文的行文规则是：提出论点（常以事例引出）——提出论据并论证论点——得出结论，其最终目的是说服读者接受某观点，议论文要用逻辑和论据来影响别人的看法或行动。

总分法是说明文和议论文在段落的拓展模式的共性。多数情况下段落首句是本段主题句，偶尔会有第二句或段尾句，比如说有的文章第一段的段首会先举例子，段尾才引出主题句。段落主旨极少有需自己概括的。这要求考生从概率最高的情况出发。先快速扫描首句，看是否有概括性。如果第一句没有，迅速看段尾句。

了解考研英语阅读的大宏观之后，我们就同学们容易出的问题，大致说一下。阅读理解中大部分的题目是以短文主题及要点为命题的，只有小部分的试题问及细节，这一小部分中又有相当一部分是词汇语义方面的试题。然而，我们发现，很多考生在阅读时容易出现这样的误区，比较偏重细节及个别词句的理解而对短文的主题及支持主题的要点反而不求甚解，这种阅读习惯会大大影响考生的阅读理解深度和答题正确率。我们还发现，考生在阅读短文后的解题过程也缺乏清晰和科学的思路，而且不愿意再次细读文章，往往凭印象盲目猜题。

根据上述问题，我们提炼出一个宏观的解题步骤，帮助大家梳理正确的解题思路。找到主题→归纳要点→理清文章层次结构→阅读问题→根据题干关键词找出答案所在文章位置→排除干扰项→确定答案→回到短文、对照题干验证，最终确定答案。

第二篇：考研议论文写作指导

英语议论文常用句型

I.开篇

1）Many nations have been faced with the problem of ……

2）Recently the problem has been brought into focus.3）Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.4）Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ……

5）Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……

6）Never in our history has the idea that …… been so popular.7）Faced with ……, quite a few people argue that ……

8）According to a recent survey, ……

9）With the rapid development of ……,10)When it comes to…,(当说到…)

二、列举观点

I.Some people think/believe that…,Other argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true

1．Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages．

2．Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages．

3．Compared with cars，bikes have their advantages and disadvantages．，4．Although computers bring people a lot of convenience，they have many disadvantages．

5．．．．has many advantages．For example，…

6.However，just as every coin has two sides，…has it’s disadvantages．

II…play(s)an important role／part in……

1．Computers play an important role in science and technology．

2．Computers play a more and more important role in our life．

3．Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies．

4．Education plays an important part in developing our mind．

5．Addiction to alcohol and drugs plays a role in homelessness．

6．Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life．

7．In the past，letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication．But now，telephone，email，and fax have taken their place．

III．With the development of…

1．With the development of our economy，many Chinese families can afford a car.2．With the development of our economy and society，pollution is more and more serious．

3．With the rapid development of Science and technology，people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home．

4．With the current social and technological developments，employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed.5．With the rapid increase of China's population，housing problem is becoming more and more serious．

6．With more and more women entering the society，people's attitude towards women is changing．

7．With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up, an increasing number of(a growing number of，a significant number of)families can afford a car．

三、陈述自己观点

There is probably some truth in both arguments／statements，but…

四、批驳

1）It is true that ……, but one vital point is being left out.2）There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.3）Some people say ……, but it does not hold water.4）Many of us have been under the illusion that……

5）A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.6）It makes no sense to argue for ……

7）Too much stress placed on …… may lead to ……

8）Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ……

9）Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ……

10）No one can deny the fact that ……

11）The idea is hardly supported by facts.12）Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ……

13）Recent studies indicate that ……

14）There is sufficient evidence to show that ……

15）According to statistics proved by ……, it can be seen that ……

五、结尾句型：

英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨沦的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one/a word，generally speaking，to conclude等外，没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型：

1）From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ……

2）It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ……

3）We should take measures to control the rapidly increasing world population．

4）We’d better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams．

5）The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse．

6）Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks．

7）It is necessary that steps should be taken to ……

8）In conclusion, it is imperative that ……

9）There is no easy method, but ……might be of some help.10）To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ……

11）In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.12）With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.13）We might do more than identify the cause;it is important to take actions to ……

14）Taking all these into account, we ……

15）Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear……

六、其他句型

I、There be结构

There+be+主语+(修饰成分)，表示客观存在的人或事物。

There must be a lot of fuel in the tank．

There remains nothing more to be done．

There is no point in talking about it again．

There is something you don't know．

There is not enough time to do the work． ．

II、名词化结构

名词化结构用以表明抽象思维的逻辑性和概念化，从而使语体更加正式、更加具有书面语风格。

1．由of连接主谓关系

That the earth revolves around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.名词化：The revolution of the earth around the sun causes the changes of the seasons．

2．由of连接动宾关系

One of the most important natural phenomena is that energy is transmitted from one point to another in waves.名词化：One of the most important natural phenomena is the transmission of energy from one point to another in waves．

3．用of连接含有by的短语，把简单句转换成名词短语

That James Watt invented the steam engine started the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century．

名词化：The invention of the steam engine by James Watt started the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century．

4．被动结构转换成名词

It has been suggested that red and green be applied to the design to produce a pleasant effect．

名词化：A suggestion has been made that red and green be applied to the design to produce a pleasant effect．

5．副词与动词一起转换成名词

The electronic computer is chiefly characterized by accuracy and quick computation.名词化：The chief characteristic of the electronic computer is accuracy and quick computation．

6．介词短语与动词一起转换成名词

The professor explained the Theory of Relativity to his students in detail.名词化：The professor gave his students a detailed explanation of the Theory of Relativity.7．动词转换成介词短语

Some power plants are being constructed．

名词化: Some power plants are under construction

英语议论文写作模板

一、不同观点列举型（选择型）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that_____作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that_____观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows：in the first place,_____原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that _____观点一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that _____观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand,_____原因一_______.On the other hand,_____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that _____观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that_____观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.二、利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over（the issue that）___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly,___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, every coin has two sides,__讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with,___缺点一______.In addition, ____缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.三、答题性议论文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over（the issue that）__作文题目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all,__途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______,we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say,____方法_____.四、谚语警句性议论文

It is well known to us that the proverb：___谚语_______has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.（also theoretically）

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying： ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.五、图表作文的框架

As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table（graph/picture/pie/chart）,___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease（goes up/increases/drops/decreases），significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand,________.On the other hand，_______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition,________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.英语四级考试写作技巧:段落的连贯性

在确定好一条条的扩展句后，怎样把这些句子流畅而连贯地组合在一起呢？这便是关联词发挥作用的时候了。在英语中，句与句之间、段与段之间一般都有连词或关联词连接，通过这些词读者能够很清楚地明白文章前后的逻辑联系。适当使用关联词是四级写作必备的技能，大家应该要引起特别重视。常用的关联词分为四类：

1、列举类

列举法常用在议论文中，当作者提出一个论点后，可通过列举出一系列事实对其进行说明或论证。列举类关联词有：

first(ly), second(ly),...finally;for one thing, for another;on the one hand, on the other hand;moreover;furthermore;what's more;in addition;besides;first of all;in the first place, in the second place;(at)last;then;next;the last but not the least2、举例类

举例法是用事例或数据对中心观点进行说明论证的方法，举例类关联词有：

for example;for instance;such as;like;take...for example;a case in point;namely;in other words;that is;especially;in particular3、比较和对比

比较是把两种或两种以上的事物进行比较，以辨别出它们的相似之处；对比是将这些事物进行对照，辨别其差异而指出各自的特征和本质。这类关联词有：

but;however;yet;otherwise;while;in contrast;by contrast;on the contrary;similarly;likewise;like;conversely;rather than;instead;on the other hand;equally;nevertheless;nonetheless;unlike;still;in the same way;compared with...4、因果类

as a result;since;because(of);thanks to;due to;owing to;for this reason;hence;thus;therefore;on this/that account;on account of;consequently5、总结类

总结法是指在表达了一个观点或举了一个例子后，进行总结、给出概括，这类关联词有：in this case;according to;in a word;in brief;in short;to sum up.

第三篇：英语说明文写作指导

英语说明文写作指导

一、定义

说明文是对事情的发生、发展、结果、特征、性质、状态、功能等进行解释、介绍、阐述的一种文体；是用说明的表达方式来解说事物，阐明事理。

二、写作基本要求

这类文章的目的和性质是客观地介绍、解释事物，使读者获得知识和信息，并不需要发表主张、做出证明。说明文的基本特点是内容的科学性、说明的条理性和语言的准确性。说明文的种类很多，主要有事物说明文和事理说明文

三、写作注意事项

1．要写好说明文，应该注意以下几点：

①描写要抓住人或物的特征，防止面面俱到。

②说明层次要清楚，应由浅入深，由易到难，由外到里，由始到末。

③选用恰当的说明方法将各要点连接成句子。如定义、举例、比较或对比、类比、分析、说明、叙述.④使用过渡语将上下文的逻辑关系体现出来。

⑤尽可能选用新颖、典型的素材，使说明的内容生动、有趣，以吸引读者。

2．说明文的写作步骤：

第一步：审题，确定主题句、主体时态(一般以现在时态为主)和中心人称；

第二步：在主题句后按提示顺序将各要点以完整的句子表达出来；

第三步：用过渡词将上下文的逻辑关系体现出来。

课课练

一、完形填空

What does a successful language learner do? Language learning research shows that, successful language learners are independent(独立的)learners.They do not depend on the book or the teacher;they discover their own way to learn the language, Instead of the teacher to explain, they try to find the rules for themselves.They try to learn from their mistakes.Successful language learning is active learning.Successful learners do not wait for a chance a chance.They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they They are willing（愿意）to make mistakes and try again.When communication is difficult, they can acceptis inexact(不正确的)or incomplete.It is more importantto learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of very word.Finally, successful language learners are a purpose.They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it.It is necessary communicate with these people and to learn from them.What kind of language learner are you? If you are a successful language learner, you have probably been learning independently, actively, and purposefully.On the other hand, if yourthan successful, you’d better try some of the skills outlined(概述)above.()1.A.inB.onC.from

()2.After allB.First of allC.At last

()3.A.waitB.waitingC.waited

()4.suchB.soC.much

()5.A.have problemsB.make a decisionC.make a mistake

()6.A.whoB.whatC.that

()7.A.usB.himC.them

()8.A.withoutB.withC.for

()9.A.in order toB.so thatC.in order that

()10.A.moreB.muchC.less

二、书面表达

梦想是人类的翅膀，有了它，我们才能飞翔；梦想是最温暖的光芒，即使在最黑暗的时候，它也能把前方的路照亮。每个人都有梦想，但要实现梦想必须为之努力拼搏。请你围绕“中学生该如何实现梦想”这一话题展开思路，谈谈感想。

要求：

1．请根据所提供的信息材料和话题（不要逐句翻译），写出结构完整、语句精彩、意思连贯、语言流畅、语法准确、符合逻辑的短文。

2． 80词以上。

3． 不得使用真实姓名、地名和学校名。

4． 题目自拟。

第四篇：创先争优主题以英语为主演讲稿

Ladies and Gentlemen , Good afternoon!I’m very glad to stand here and give you a short speech.today my topic is “Be the best party member”.You can see that in the computer.I hope you will like it , and found the importance and the ways to be a good memerber in your university life so that more cherish it.First,let’s me explain what is party member.University Students are both members of a received multi-year education, have more scientific and cultural knowledge of students, but also by the party are a training and education, work style of the idea of, whether they maintain their advanced nature, to a large extent on whether young people decide the contemporary to maintain the advanced nature.首先让我来阐述一下什么事学生党员。大学生党员既是一名接受了多年教育、掌握了较多科学文化知识的学生，又是一名受党培养教育，思想作风过硬的党员，他们是否保持先进性，很大程度上决定了当代青年是否保持先进性。

But, there are something serious in the university students.university students make something happen is very sad, LIU Hai-yang, name it...a lingering fear, there have been colleges and universities students have been expelled for cheating in the exam, Internet addiction and the impact of academic situation, such as family, college students appear in many more and more questions, more and more serious, the attitude of community college students are quietly changing, “God's favored city” name has become history.How to display society elegant contemporary college students, establish a good image of contemporary college students has become every college students, especially college students are members of the task.但是，大学生中发生的一些事情让人很是痛心，刘海洋、马家爵、罗卡娜……一个个名字让人心有余悸，各高校也出现了学生考试作弊被开除、上网成瘾而影响学业等系列现象，大学生中出现的问题越来越多、越来越严重，社会对于大学生的态度也正在悄悄的发生变化，“天之骄子”的称呼已经成为历史。如何向社会展示当代大学生的风采、树立当代大学生的良好形象已经成为每个大学生，尤其是大学生党员的当务之急。

Faced with these problems, we can not help but ask: University Students true degenerate it? The answer is no.There is no denying that at College Expansion, an increasingly competitive society and other factors, the importance of university students there have been some problems, but the mainstream of college students are good.And how this is the best mainstream party members in each college must face the issue.University Students as members, whether in study or in terms of ideology, should be on day-to-day behavior set an example by their own practical action to set an example for students to showcase contemporary youth society demeanor, which is given each time members of the mission of University Students.面对这些问题，我们不禁要问：大学生真的堕落了吗？答案是否定的。不可否认，在高校扩招、社会竞争日益激烈等因素的共同作用下，大学生重视出现了一些问题，但大学生的主流是好的。而如何体现这种好的主流就是每个大学生党员必须面对的课题了。作为大学生党员，无论在学习上还是在思想上、日常行为上都应该以身作则，用自己的实际行动为同学树立榜样，向社会展示当代青年的风采，这是时代赋予每个大学生党员的使命。

However,We are also pleased to see that college students are college students in particular, the overall quality of party members is relatively high in social practice, “Challenge Cup”, a series of activities such as student organizations emerged a large number of job ability, and thought the quality of party members to mark the outstanding University Students.To join the party for University Students is an honor, but more as a duty.Put disadvantage as errors made during the day-to-day study life really set the banner of party members, and constantly maintain the advanced nature.This is a college student party members should do.我们欣喜地看到，大学生尤其是大学生党员的整体素质是比较高的，在社会实践、“挑战杯”、学生社团等系列活动中涌现出了一大批工作能力强、思想素质过硬的优秀大学生党员。入党对于大学生来说是一种荣誉，但更多的是一种责任。把缺点视作错误，在日常学习生活中真正树立党员的旗帜，不断保持先进性。这，就是一个大学生党员应该做的。

Up at the road ahead, only constantly surpass themselves in order to continuously overcome difficulties, whether at school or in society, the university Student members should consciously Zengguang luster for the flag, people make the same age in the model.“Man Road, as the iron, now moving more from scratch”, to join the party are beginning a new university life, elegant demeanor of the University Students waiting to show you, your party members will continue to carry forward the glorious required, students members, to prepare it, because society will stage Your more exciting!在前进的道路上，只有不断超越自己才能不断战胜困难，不管是在学校里还是在社会上，大学生党员都应该自觉地为党旗增光添彩，做同龄人中的楷模。“雄关漫道真如铁，而今迈步从头越”，入党是大学生活新的开始，大学生的风采等着你们去展示，党员的光辉需要你们继续发扬，大学生党员，做好准备吧，社会的舞台会因为你们而更精彩！That’s all!Thanks for your listening!

第五篇：面试英语自我介绍-以银行面试为主

面试英语自我介绍演讲稿

good morning!

it is really my honor to have this opportunity for a interview,i hope i can make a good performance today.i''m confident that i can succeed.now i will introduce myself briefly i am 23 years old,born in shenzhen.i was graduated from shenzhen university.my major is electronic.and i

support engineer in shenzhen more enterprise as a automation i want to change my working i''d a is more

It is my honor to be here today.I want to make a brief introduction of myself.I graduated from XXX university, I'm major in XXX.I have been working in XXX company in a xxx position for xxx years.My job duty is mainly....（talking about your previous job)

As China opens its capital market, more & more foreign banks now have the authority to operated RMB business.Standard Chartered Bank has a great name all over the world.I sincerely want to join SCB & to be one of its staffs.Base on my education & past working experience, I've learned how to.....& should give some examples to prove it.)

when I'm talking to the customers.some(Show you're professional.....)

your time.....general introduction

i am a third year master major in automation at shanghai jiao

tong university, p.r.china.with tremendous interest in industrial engineering, i am writing to apply for acceptance

into your ph.d.graduate program.education background in 1995, i entered the nanjing university of science & technology(nust)— widely considered one of the china’s best engineering schools.during the following undergraduate study, my academic records kept distinguished among the whole department.i was granted first class prize every semester,in 1999, i got the privilege to enter the graduate program

waived of the admission test.scholarship

as the one and only candidate in my transportation it now widely used by different research i fulfilled a sewage analysis & dispose plant.this was my first a solid basis in both theory and me for the ph.d.program.my future research in ga and neural network), supply chain network mining.1、good morning/afternoon/evening, my name is.it is really a great honor to have this opportunity/chance to introduce myself.i would like to answer whatever you may raise, and i hope i can make a good performance today.