考研英语阅读理解之经济类文章的复习指导

第一篇：考研英语阅读理解之经济类文章的复习指导

考研英语阅读理解之经济类文章的复习指导

万学海文

考研阅读经济类文章往往是提出现象，对现象进行说明，分析其产生原因，并对这种现象加以讨论，解释说明现象时往往在段首提出段落中心或观点，之后使用数据加以说明。用词往往是经济类术语，且包含表达数值变化的词。经济类文章占有很大比重，纵观十年真题阅读，几乎每年都有经济类文章，其中阅读A部分就有5篇是关于经济方面的文章，如2007年Text 4，2004年Text 3等。然而很多学生对经济类文章内容陌生，由于对于背景知识不了解，往往看了文章后一头雾水，解题无从下手。

那么，同学们应该如何复习考研阅读经济类文章，才能在考试中沉稳应对呢？

一、词汇储备

经济类文章复习，首先要了解经济类术语，将每年真题中出现的经济类词汇列出来，加以记忆，熟悉其含义和用法。此外，要了解一些词在经济类文章中的特定含义，如captive基本义为“大写字母”，但在经济中指“资本”, interest基本义为“兴趣”，但在经济类文章中一般指“利率”, figure基本义为“人物”，但在经济类文章常表示“数值”，swing一词指“摇摆不定”，用在经济类文章中常指经济趋势。还有，学生还需了解一下表示变化的词汇或短语，如表示增长，减少，稳定的表达法。

二、背景知识

平时在复习过程中，对于经济类文章进行归结，拿十篇文章经济类文章，放在一起阅读，对文章特点以及内容进行分析领悟，掌握一定的背景知识。

三、解题技巧

要做好经济类考研文章，在熟悉词汇意思，以及分析好句子结构的基础上，关键要抓住文章核心，即文章整体以及各段主要在说什么，也要注意段落之间的逻辑关系。如2002年考研真题阅读Text3,第一题考察第一二段的逻辑关系，文章第一段提到石油供应量减少导致石油涨价，而文章第二段开头提到：the oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports.这句话表明伊拉克暂停石油出口促使油价进一步提高，题目中问石油价格上涨的主要原因是什么，干扰项D选项（Iraq’s suspension of exports）就不能选，因为从逻辑（another push）来讲，D选项内容并不是主要原因。

第二篇：2018考研英语：阅读题中的经济类文章的常识

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

2018考研英语：阅读题中的经济类文章的常识

1.产能利用率(Capacity Utilization)

产能利用率，也叫设备利用率，是工业总产出(total industrial output)对生产设备的比率。简单的理解，就是实际生产能力到底有多少在运转发挥生产作用。

当产能利用率超过 95% 以上，代表设备使用率接近全部，通货膨胀(inflation)的压力将随产能无法应付而急速升高，在市场预期利率(market expected interest rate)可能升高情况下，对该国货币是利多。反之如果产能利用率在 90% 以下，且持续下降，表示设备闲置过多，经济有衰退的现象，在市场预期利率可能降低情况下，对该国货币是利空。

2.自然失业率(Natural Rate of Unemployment)

自然失业率指充分就业下的失业率。自然失业率即是一个不会造成通货膨胀的失业率(Non-accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment，NAIRU)，也是劳动市场处于供求稳定状态的失业率。从整个经济看来，任何时候都会有一些正在寻找工作的人，经济学家把在这种情况下的失业称为自然失业率，所以，经济学家对自然失业率的定义，有时被称作“充分就业状态下的失业率”，有时也被称作无加速通货膨胀下的失业率。

例：America’s capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate(5.6% in August)has fallen bellow most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment--the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.(1997年Text5)

译文：例如，美国的生产力利用率在今年前段时间创下了历史高水平，而它的失业率(8月份为5.6%)已降至低于对自然失业率的大多数估测——过去当比率低于自然失业率时，通货膨胀率已急剧上升。

3.经济结构(Economic Structure)

经济结构指国民经济的组成和构造，它是一个由许多系统构成的多层次，多因素的复合体。一个国家的经济结构是否合理，主要看它是否建立在合理的经济可能性之上。结构合理就能充分发挥经济优势，有利于国民经济各部门的协调发展。经济结构状况是衡量国家和地区经济发展水平的重要尺度。不同经济体制(economic system)，不同经济发展趋向的国家和地区，经济结构状况差异甚大。

4.货币政策(monetary policy)

狭义的货币政策指中央银行(central bank)为实现其特定的经济目标而采用的各种控制和调节货币供应量(monetary supply)或信用量(credit)的方针和措施的总称，包括信贷政策(credit policy)、利率政策(interest rate policy)和外汇政策(foreign exchange policy)。而广义政策的货币政策指政府、中央银行和其他有关部门所有有关货币方面的规定和采取的影响金融变量(financial variable)的一切措施。

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凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

真题例句：Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes,” makes it sound like a precise science.译文：许多用来描述经济政策的语言，比如“控制经济软着陆”、“给经济踩刹车”，使经济政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。

5.利率(interest rate)

利率表示一定时期内利息量与本金(capital)的比率，通常用百分比表示，按年计算则称为年利率(annual interest rate)。当经济过热(overheated economy)、通货膨胀(inflation)上升时，便提高利率、收紧信贷(credit squeeze);当过热的经济和通货膨胀得到控制时，便会把利率适当地调低。因此，利率是重要的基本经济因素(basic economic factors)之一。

6.通货膨胀(inflation)

在信用货币制度下，流通中的货币数量超过经济实际需要而引起的货币贬值(devaluation)和物价(commodity price)水平全面而持续的上涨。

真题例句：Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America’s, have little productive slack.译文：经济学家尤其对英美两国利好通货膨胀数字感到吃惊，因为传统的计量方法表明两国经济，特别是美国经济，几乎没有出现生产萧条。

7.通货紧缩(deflation)

当市场上流通货币(currency)减少，人民的货币所得减少，购买力(purchasing power)下降，影响物价至下跌，造成通货紧缩。长期的货币紧缩会抑制投资与生产(investment and production)，导致失业率(jobless rate)升高及经济衰退。

其实看看凯程考研怎么样，最简单的一个办法，看看他们有没有成功的学生，最直观的办法是到凯程网站，上面有大量学员经验谈视频，这些都是凯程扎扎实实的辅导案例，其他机构网站几乎没有考上学生的视频，这就是凯程和其他机构的优势，凯程是扎实辅导、严格管理、规范教学取得如此优秀的成绩。

辨别凯程和其他机构谁靠谱的办法。

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

第三篇：2018考研英语：核心内容复习指导

http://www.xiexiebang.com/kaoyan/

考研英语：核心内容复习指导

之前有些同学虽然有考研的打算，但总是错觉的认为时间还早，不能做到全身心的投入到复习中，那么在现阶段，同学们如想制胜考研英语，就必须制定出周密的复习计划，以饱满的精神状态全方位的启动考研英语的复习。那么，考研英语复习覆盖了哪些核心内容?针对这些核心内容该怎样安排好复习呢?下面一起来看下!

(1)将词汇进行到底

词汇是基石。词汇量积累的多少非常影响考生在做题时的信心、心态、做题速度以及准确率。因此熟练掌握考研大纲单词尤为重要。考研英语对单词的考查维度，不是看考生能够认识多少怪癖的生词，而在于对词汇掌握的深度，看考生是否能够掌握一个英文单词的基本义、引申义、感情色彩、搭配、直至其用法。

有的同学可能会有这样的疑问：我在前一段的复习过程中单词已经背的差不多了，现在还再复习单词是不是有点浪费时间。对于已经把大纲上所列单词背的比较熟练得同学来说，在现阶段的首要任务就是把它们放到试题中去，放到活生生的语境中去，认真体会其引申含义和感情色彩。同时也应注意，有些同学的确已经将考研词汇书从头到尾复习了一篇，但应静下心来反问自己——复习过了是否等于都记住了并掌握了，通常来说，仅凭一遍记住考研词汇是不大现实的，因此，因对考研词汇书进行第二轮乃至第三轮的复习，而且在平时的阅读中应随时建立生词库，彻底扫清自己的单词盲点。

当然，可能还有些同学刚刚开始复习英语，那更得从单词着手，做好记忆单词的规划。

(2)完型精做精练

http://www.xiexiebang.com/kaoyan/ 完型填空的命题思路是“测试考生结合上下文的综合理解能力和语言运用能力，即在阅读理解基础上对篇章结构、语法和词汇知识的运用能力”。

完型填空总共20道题，其中65%的试题都是考查词汇辨析。因此，完型填空在很大程度上考查平时对词汇能力、词组搭配、上下文推理的掌握。考生一方面要抓核心词汇，特别是几年来一直很活跃的那些词汇辨析，如expose，stimuli等。另一方面要在做题的过程中积累词汇，不懂的单词和词组搭配要及时查字典，马上就弄清楚含义，进行查缺补漏。

另外，在做题时，要多从上下文、惯用法和搭配的角度考虑，还要特别注意分析句与句之间的衔接，要学会合理的进行推理和假设。

(3)阅读理解A争取高分

40分的大比重使阅读能力的测试成为重心所在，是决定考研英语成败的杠杆。考研阅读的复习，在打牢基础、训练提高自己阅读能力的同时要非常重视真题，虽然考过的这些文章不会再考，但这些体裁一直在反复出现，每年的新文章也不过还是历年词汇的重新排列组合而已。更重要的是，要抓住命题者的思路，只有认真研究真题。

在进行阅读学习时注意以下几个方面：

1.注意在阅读时积累词汇，特别是常见词的不常见意思;

2.抓住句子结构，通过语法知识来进行拆分理解。在阅读理解中，每篇文章都有长达三四行的句子，要理解全句的含义就不要囫囵吞枣，朦胧处之，而是找出主、谓、宾结构，然后把从句和插入语也找出来，这样句子的意思就不难理解了;

http://www.xiexiebang.com/kaoyan/ 3.整体上把握全篇。在把每个句子都弄懂的基础上，要统领全篇的内容，抓住中心主题，抓住作者的写作意图;

4.注意按选项要求答题，善于总结答题技巧，能够结合文意，结合选项特征，辨别清为何某一选项是正确的，其它选项是错误的。

需要提醒的是，做题要进行错误分析。在做题的时候，很多考生会对题目只停留在一个简单的对答案的程度上，这是远远不够的。既然我们花了时间和精力来做题，就应该在投入点时间把它们彻底的研究透彻。建议同学们至少要进行一下错误分析，即把所有做错的题目挑选出来，进行分类整理研究，找出自己错误的原因，并进行改正。这样才能真正做到有的放矢，使自己的水平有个质的提高。

(4)阅读新题型注意方法

这类试题具有以下几个特征：一是，所选择的文章;逻辑性强，结构紧密;二是要求补充的句子往往较长，理解起来有一定的难度;三是，要求补充的句子通常仅次位于段首或段末，在文章中发挥承上启下的作用。

一般来说，考生要很好地应付这类试题，有复习中必须注重以下能力的培养：一是，泛读能力，能通过“跳跃式”的快速阅读领会文章的主旨，分清文章的在致结构和脉络;二是，对长难句的理解和分析能力，能在较短时间内较好地把握备选句子的分、结构和在意，从而能将该句子放在合适的地方。

由于文章较长，而时间有限，不可能逐字逐句地琢磨细读，这就需要考生在短时间内对文章的主旨、结构以及内容有较为准确的把握。空白处的上下文尤其值得注意，对内容的连贯性和结构的整体性的考虑是作出正确选择的关键。我们可以看一下整个文章

http://www.xiexiebang.com/kaoyan/ 思，其余段落对主题句加以引申说明或加以论证，具体注意事项如下：

①可以先快速地通读全文，对文章的梗概和作者的思路有一个了解，关键是阅读首段或各段首末句迅速确定文章的主要内容、核心概念和作者态度等信息。

②句子和句子之间的衔接最直接地影响做出的选择。虽然句子是相对独立地表意单位，但各个句子之间并不是孤立的，上下文赋予了句子在整个文章中的完整含义。此句和其它句子之间的关系在字里行间会有各种提示线索：如指代关系：it，this，that，these，those，here，he，she;因果关系：as aresult，hence，therefore，consequently，thus;转折关系：though，but，however，in spite of，despite;承接关系：then，in addition，besides，in other words，moreover;列举关系：for instance，for example;类比关系：by comparison，likewise，compared to等。

③要从全文整体衡量，看看放在文中是否达到整体的顺畅连贯。

(5)抓住真题提高翻译准确性

翻译题是在一篇400字左右的概念或结构较复杂的短文中给出5个划线的句子，要求考生完整、通顺地将划线部分的句子译为汉语。此题主要是考查考生的词汇量，语法知识，阅读理解能力和汉语表达的综合运用技巧。

历年短文平均词数：370词;要求翻译的词数：160词。重点考查考生对词汇在上下文篇章中的猜测技能，在上下文中理解短语的含义，以及对于长、难句的分析仍旧是考试的重点，考生万万不可放松警惕。另外，能够体现英语特色的从句，并列句仍然要求考生较好的掌握。

http://www.xiexiebang.com/kaoyan/ 当然，基本的翻译方法，如：词、词组的省略及补译，译出it，they，this，that等代词的真正代表的含义，词义选择、引申、词性转换，长句的拆句与逆序翻译法，被动语态的翻译等都要认真做好准备，几乎年年都要出题的。

但是这一部分只要把历年的真题找来认真按以下4个步骤好好练练，就会有大的提高：第一，结构分析，通过语法知识把句子的主、谓、宾找出来，句子的意思也就很清晰了;第二，长句拆分，把长句拆分成短句，一部分一部分地分别理解;第三，词语推敲，在短结构中把词的精确意义确定下来，特别要注意联系上下文，选择词语正确地的含义;第四，检查核对，这是最后一步也是关键的一步，把词语拼结在一起仔细检查，看看每部分是否合理，长句是否通顺。

(6)写作需多读多练

写作部分非常强调对考生基本写作素质、基础写作能力的测试，很多考生即使是阅读能力练到很强的程度，写出的作文也非常差，所以要像做阅读一样多练才行。当然，这一部分更加强调应试策略。

A节应用短文写作

根据所给情景写出一篇应用性短文，包括“信件、便笺、备忘录等”，约100词(标点符号不计算在内)，尽管大纲样题中列出的内容为写信向书店购书，内容上很容易把握，我们还是需要了解掌握各种各样的书信作文。可以分为：辞职信、求职信、投诉信、感谢信、申请信、建议信、安排信、咨询信、通知信、订购信和退货信。

了解格式是应用文写作的最起码要求。不用考虑书写属于齐头式还是缩进式。但最基本的Dear XXX，以及Yours sincerely还是需要一步到位。

http://www.xiexiebang.com/kaoyan/ 除外，要想在18分钟左右写好一篇既定情景的应用短文，这既需要具有英语言文字运用的各种基本功，又需要有根据给定情景迅速构文的能力。因此，考生对这一部分应给予足够的重视，在复习过程中要针对应用文写作做至少10篇左右的专项练习。

B节短文写作

图画作文在命题上可以采取三维立体式，即提纲+图画+情景说明的组合，需要在审题和创作时面面俱到。在图画构造上又可以采取两图对比式，如2000和2003年考题。但万变不离其宗，语言第一位，结构第二位，内容第三位。因此需要大家训练模式化构思和不断提升积累语言表达中提升作文的硬实力。

2018考研学子想要了解更多考研资讯、复习资料与备考经验，可以搜索文都网校进入考研频道，查看2018考研辅导课程，咨询专业老师考研相关内容。

考研不是你一个人在战斗，漫漫考研路上，文都网校考研老师会一直陪伴在同学们左右。祝2018考研学子备考顺利，考研成功!

第四篇：新东方_考研英语阅读经济类文章常考词汇汇总

考研英语阅读经济类文章常考词汇汇总

1.merge 合并(名词merger)2.heighten 使提高，加强 3.monopoly 垄断 4.freight 货物，运费 5.substantial 可观的，大量的；实质的，真实的6.coordinated 协调的(coordinate)7.bulk(巨大的)体积，大量；(大)块 8.have…by the throat 掐住…的脖子9.consolidation 巩固，加强(动词consolidate)

10.appeal(to)申诉，上诉；吸引 11.captive 被俘虏的 12.rate relief 费用减免

13.discrimination 歧视；区别 14.on the grounds that 基于…理由 15.subscribe 同意，赞成；订购，订阅 16.flourish 繁荣

17.arbiter 裁决人，决定者；仲裁人18.brightening 光明的19.surging 急剧上升的(动词surge急剧上升；上涌)07年1.count on 指望，依靠2.fair play 公平竞争3.financially 财务上4.secure 安全的5.pink slip <美口>解雇通知书（源出解雇通知书多用红色复写本）6.side effect 副作用7.budget 做预算

8.parachute 保护伞；降落伞9.setback 挫折

10.back-up 替补的，备份的11.lay off 解雇，使下岗

12.weather平安地渡过（风雨、困难等），经受住13.disruption 破坏14.make up 弥补

15.stock market 股票市场17.harsh 严酷的；刺耳的18.retiree 退休人员（结尾ee表示“处于某种情况下的人”或“受动者”）19.trade…for… 以…与…相交换20.investment return 投资回报21.legislative 立法的22.deductible（保险、税收等的）扣减额

23.dose 剂（量）；数量24.demographics 人口分布25.work against 对…不利26.odds 可能性，机会；冲突27.attendant 伴随的，随之产生的；出席的；n.出席者，服务员28.perspective 角度；透视

29.wholesale 大批的，数量大的；批发的；n.批发（retail零售）30.verburdened 负担过重的31.fallout 附带结果，余波；放射性坠尘06年

1.distinctly 突出地

3.present 呈献；提出，提供4.superb <口>极好的；杰出的5.townsfolk 城镇居民；市民6.largely 主要地

7.live off 靠…过日子，依靠…生活8.worthy 优秀的；值得的9.frankly 直率地，坦白地

10.deliciously 有趣地，怡人地；可口地

11.ironic 具有讽刺意味的（名词12.do one„s share of 分担；分享13.stream 一连串；川流不息14.sightseer（名词sightseeing观光）观光者

（经常）看戏的人，戏迷16.contend 主张；竞争，斗争17.council 委员会；理事会18.contribute 贡献19.subsidy 补助，津贴20.cocktail 鸡尾酒

21.lounge休息厅，休息室； 闲逛22.decorate 装饰，装修23.and so forth 等等24.in a row 连续

25.rocket 飞速上升；n.火箭26.clientele <总称>顾客；委托人27.dedicated 专注的，献身的28.jean 牛仔裤；紧身工作裤29.box office 票房，售票处04年

1.bite one„s nails 束手无策；咬指甲词soften）

4.do without 免除，不用5.downscale 降低规模文化教养一般的（人）7.dealership 商品特许经销商8.lag 滞后

9.temper 调和，使缓和；脾气

10.sound alarms 敲响警钟，发出警报 15.subscribe 同意，赞成；订购，订阅11.panic 恐慌，惊慌失措12.belt-tightening 紧缩开支13.despair 绝望

15.predominantly 占主导地位地，显著16.bonus 额外给予的东西；奖金17.frenzied 疯狂的，狂热的，极度激动的（名词frenzy）

18.overbidding 出价高于（某物的）价值；出价过高

19.real-estate broker 房地产经纪人21.bubble 泡沫，气泡22.swing 摇摆

23.ingredient 成分，因素24.sustained 持续的03年1.merge 合并

2.heighten 使提高，加强3.monopoly 垄断4.freight 货物，运费真实的6.coordinated 协调的8.have…by the throat 掐住…的脖子9.consolidation 巩固，加强11.captive 被俘虏的12.rate relief 费用减免13.discrimination 歧视；区别14.on the grounds that 基于…理由

16.flourish 繁荣

17.arbiter 裁决人，决定者；仲裁人18.brightening 光明的02年

1.decline 衰退；下降2.crude oil 原油3.barrel 桶4.triple 三倍5.scary 引起惊慌的6.quadruple 四倍7.gloom and doom 厄运9.grip 抓住10.hemisphere 半球

11.muted 暖和的，趋缓的；缄默的，无言的12.swing 摇摆；秋千13.conservation 保护；保存14.energy-intensive 能源密集型的15.emerging 新兴的（经济）（动词emerge浮现，显现，暴露）17.against the background of 以…为背景

16.fluctuation 波动（动词fluctuate）irony——反语）

14.gold rush 追逐暴利的热潮；淘金热 19.surging 急剧上升的15.playgoer（名词playgoing——看戏）地

20.silver linings 一线希望（或安慰）8.suspend 暂停，中止；悬，挂

5.substantial 可观的，大量的；实质的，16.squeeze 挤，压榨

2.hostile 怀有敌意的（名词hostility）2.softening 变软弱，变暖和，变软（动

3.indicator 指标，尺度（动词indicate）7.bulk 体积，大量；块

6.middle-brow 中产阶级趣味的（人）；10.appeal 申诉，上诉；吸引

第五篇：2014英语专题指导 之阅读理解9-10

2014英语专题指导 之阅读理解9推理判断题训练

难度值：较难推荐度：五星

Last night’s meteor(流星)shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers.According to Gabe Rothsclild, Emerald Valley’s mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky.What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city’s lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.“My family was so frustrated,” admitted town resident Duane Cosby, “We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointments.”

Astronomers---scientists who study stars and planets----have been complaining about this problem for decades.They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution.This population consists of birds, bats frogs, snakes, etc.For example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating(迁徙的)birds.According to the International Dark-Sky Association.“100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”

Countless more animals casualties(伤亡）result from the use of artificial lighting.Clearly, people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans;too They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase person’s chances of getting cancer.Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution.For years, Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory.Similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.A.the city’s lights affected the meteor watchingB.the meteors flew past before being noticed

C.the city light show attracted many peopleD.the meteor watching ended up a social outing

42.What do the astronomers complain about?

A.Meteor showers occur less often than beforeB.Their observation equipment is in poor repair

C.Light pollution has remained unsolved for yearsD.Their eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting

43.What the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4?

A.Birds may take other migration pathsB.Animal’living habits may change suddenly

C.Varieties of animals will become sharply reducedD.Animals’survival is threatened by outdoor lighting

.A.Lessen the chance of getting cancerB.create an ideal observation condition

C.ensure citizens a good sleep at nightD.enable all creatures to live in harmony

45.What message does the author most want to give us?

A.Saving wildlife is saving ourselvesB.Great efforts should be made to save energyC.Human activities should be environmentally friendlyD.New equipment should be introduced for space study

【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，题材是灯光污染与环境保护。本文主要介绍了灯光污染给天文学家、人类、其它生物所带来的不良影响。以及人们为解决此问题所采取的措施等。2013天津卷B

【解析】ACDBC

41.推理判断题。难度：中等。根据题干关键词last night快速定位第一段。根据第一段最后一句可知“城市的夜空被灯点缀的是如此明亮以至于暗淡了头上飞过的流星的光亮，因此影响了人们观星”。

42.推理判断题。难度：中等。根据题干关键词astronomers快速定位第三段。根据they say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects … they could see quite easily in the past.可以推断灯光污染问题一直没有得到解决，这才是他们所抱怨的。其他选项原文根本没有提到，属于无中生有的。

43.推理判断题。难度：中等。根据题干快速定位第四段。第四段驻澳讲述了灯光污染对于鸟类、蝙蝠、青蛙、蛇等的影响，尤其严重影响你鸟类的迁徙，最后一句话“每年北美大约有一亿的鸟在与被灯光点缀的建筑物或是高塔的撞击中死亡”因此可以推断选项是正确的。

44.推理判断题。难度：中等。根据题干中的大写Flagstaff, Arizona快速定位文章最后一段…Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory可知推行此规定的目的是为天文学家更好的观察服务的。

45.推理判断作者意图题。难度：较难。文章主要讲的是灯光污染给人类和其它生物带来的影响，而灯光的直接造成原因就是人类本身，因此作者写本文主要是要告知人们人类的活动应该要注意环保。其它三项的内容均与本文无关。

【难句学习】

1.What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city’s lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing

overhead.翻译：城市的灯光时如此的明亮以至于头顶飞过的流星的亮度被削弱，因此人们看到的只是被点亮的夜空而不是流星分析：本句的是一个由what引导的主语从句，what作found的宾语。so …that引导结果状语从句。passing overhead是非谓语动词作后置定语。darken是动词。

2.They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.翻译：天文学家说光污染阻止了他们去看过去很容易就可以看到的天空中的目标。

分析：本句中say后面的that引导的是一个宾语从句。而sky后面的that引导的是一个定语从句，先行词是objects，that在从句中作see的宾语。

3.There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution.翻译：可是除了专业和业余的观星者外，还有一个群体遭受着甚至更为严重的光污染的影响。

分析：本句是一个there be 特殊结构。that引导的是一个定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词是population。

4.They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person’s chances of getting cancer.翻译：他们担心在睡觉的时候如果有太多的光亮的话可能会增加一个人得癌症的机会。

分析：本句中worry 后面的that引导的是一个宾语从句，while sleeping引导的是时间状语从句的省略结构。of getting cancer是chances的后置定语。

5.a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.译：此外，一个运动正在进行中，目的是为了提醒我们不用灯的时候要关掉它，这样其它生物也能共享夜晚。分析：句中to remind是不定式作目的状语。when we are…是when引导时间状语从句，so that引导目的状语从句。

推理判断 属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，考生要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。

近年的高考题中常出现以下五种推理判断题:

一.推断隐含意义或深层意义二.推断作者观点或态度三.推断文段作用或作者写作意图

四．推断文章出处和来源五.推测文段前后的内容

一.推断隐含意义或深层意义

1.提问方式这类题干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude等标志性词语,常见的提问方式有：

①.It can be inferred / concluded from the passage / text that.②.From the text we know that …is most likely.③.When the writer talks about …, what the writer really means is.④.The writer suggests that.⑤.The story implies that.⑥.We can infer / conclude from the passage that.技巧点拨推断隐含意义或深层意义要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论。推理的方法大致可分为：简单推理和复杂推理。解题时一定要掌握文章的内涵，做到：①吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。②全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，断章取义，以偏概全。.③要忠实于原文,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，要善于揣摩作者思路，尽可能与作者的思路吻合。④判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意。⑤要体会文章的基调,揣摸作者的态度,悟出作者的弦外之音，不可直接选取文中的原句作为答案

1.With some fine-tuning, a device like the e-nose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the

researchers say.A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says Natalia Dudareva, a biochemist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind.who studies smells of flowers and plants.Hopefully, scientists believe, the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future.【09全国卷C篇】

1.We can infer from the last paragraph that the e-nose_____.A.is unable to tell the smell of flowersB.is not yet used in greenhouses

C.is designed by scientists at PurdueD.is helpful in killing harmful insects

2.After he retired, Hoy stayed busy.He ran a dairy farm near Cincinnati for 20 years.He also became a public speaker and traveled giving speeches.Until a few years before his death, he took 4 and 10 mile walks several mornings a week.0n

December 15, 1961,William E.Hoy died at the age of 99.2.We can infer from the last paragraph that Hoy _______ in his late years.A.became famousB.led a relaxed lifeC.traveled around the worldD.was in good physical condition

二、推断作者观点或态度

1.提问方式 What is the author’s attitude toward…?What is the author’s opinion about…?

The author’s attitude towards the speaker’s remarks is…What does the author think about…?

Which of the following is the author’s view on…?Which of the following is the author’s advice to the reader?

Why does the author say that…?

技巧点拨一般而言，作者的态度与观点可以通过文章主旨句和段落主题句等显性标志予以判断，但是有时主旨句本身隐含在字里行间，需要综合上下文信息及作者的措词（如词义褒贬等主观词汇）才能辩别出来。表达作者态度和观点的形容词常有：Objective（客观的），subjective（主观的)，neutral（中立的）；positive(积极的)negative（消极的）approval（赞成的），disapproval（不赞成的），indifferent（冷漠的），sarcastic（讽刺的），critical(批评的)，optimistic（乐观的），pessimistic（悲观的）等。总之，判断作者的观点、态度，应当用联系的观点、综合的方法来进行，而不能依靠只言片语，主观臆断

3.As Franklin’s competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers, says historian Pnina Abir-Am.In 1962 at the Nobel prize awarding ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin.Watson wrote his book laughing at her.Crick wrote in 1974 that “Franklins was only two steps away from the solution.”

“No, Franklin was the solution.” She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA.She must be considered a co-discoverer,” Abir-Am says.This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a

Nobel Prize himself.Once described as the “Dark Lady of DNA”, Franklin is finally coming into the light.【09浙江卷E篇】

3.What is the writer’s attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick?

A.Disapproving.B.Respectful.C.Admiring.D.Doubtful.2014高考英语专题指导 之阅读理解10推理判断题训练

三.推断文段作用或作者写作意图

1.提问方式 The first / last paragraph serves as a（n）_________What is the purpose of writing this article? _______

The writer’s purpose of writing this passage is to _____.In writing the passage, the author intends to _____

2.技巧点拨

①不同的文段在全文中可能会起到：引言/介绍（introduction），举例(example)，对比(comparison)，反衬（contrast）, 结论（conclusion）,评论（comment）,背景（background）,论证（demonstration）等作用。

②不同体裁的文章可能有不同的写作意图, 但写作意图概括起来通常有to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑），常见于故事类的文章；to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）, 常见于广告类的文章。to inform readers（告知读者某些信息），多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。判断这类文章的写作目的一定要基于对文章主题的正确把握，阅读时务必要找准文章的主题句，或较好地对主题加以归纳。

4.Foreign drivers will have a pay on-the-spot fines of up to ￡900 for breaking the traffic law to be carried out next month.If they do not have enough cash or a working credit card, their vehicles will clamped（扣留）until they pay law takes

effect ,because the money would be returned if the driver went to court and was found not guilty.In practice, very few foreign drivers are likely to return to Britain to deal with their eases.The law will also apply to British citizens.The fines will be described …

Foreign vehicles are 30 percent more likely to be in a crash than British-registered vehicles…

The new Law is partly intended to settle the problem of foreign lorry divers… 【09福建B篇】

4.This paragraph serves as a（n）_________

A.explanationB.introductionC.commentD.background.5.（广东卷）“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh.“There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said.5The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to ______.A.test the readers’ knowledge about wavesB.draw the readers’ attention to the topic

C.show Jamie Taylor’s importanceD.invite the readers to answer them

四．推断文章出处和来源

1.提问方式 The passage is most likely to be found in_______.The passage is most likely to be taken from/out of______.Where would this passage most probably appear?The passage is most likely a part of ___.2.解题技巧这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：①报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。② 广告：因其格式特殊，容易辨认。③产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。④网络www.xiexiebang.com, micro-blog , micro-message ,wechat ,e-books, click here，Internet，web, website, update，upload,download,online

6.When people hear a president speak, they seldom think about others helping to shape the presentation（报告）Today, however, presidents depend on writers such as J.Terry Edmonds to help them communicate（交流）effectively.Edmonds is the first African American ever to work as a full-time speechwriter for a U.S.president;he is so the first African American to serve as director of speechwriting for White House.His is an all-American story of success.Edmonds grew up in Baltimore, Maryland;his father drove a truck, and his mother worked as a waitress.A.great reader, Edmonds showed a gift for writing at his high

School, Baltimore City College After graduating in 1967 Edmonds went on to Morgan State University09陕西卷B篇

6.The text is most likely to be found in a book about___________

A.popular scienceB.historical eventsC.successful peopleD.political systems

7.Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?” Read the following directions and see if you understand them.To reduce pain, take two tablets(药片)with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required.For night-time and early morning relief(缓解疼痛)take two tablets at bedtime.Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours.For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount(量).For children under six years old, ask your doctor’s advice.Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.7This text is most probably taken from a ______

A.textbookB.newsreelC.doctor’s notebookD.bottle of medicine

3.北京朝阳综合)

8.People are making more and more demands on the world's natural resources.If babies bom in 1991 live for eighty years, the human population of the world may be anything from twice to three times the present total by 2070.In other words, they will have to share what is left of the earth's resources with 15 billion other people.But hopefully there will be an important decrease in the growth of population.What if this does not happen? The answer is that by the time before the babies born in 1991 reach the age of 40 they could be sharing resources with as many as 10 billion other people.Limiting the pollution of water and the atmosphere, controlling the output of the chemicals that may be causing the

global warming and climate change, and eating less meat may go some to help, but can anyone seriously imagine that these are going to solve the problems of the “baby class” of 1991 ?

There is no getting away from the fact that people are responsible(对......负责)for the present state of the world, and only

people can solve the problems.The decisions have to be taken by people as members of national and local governments;as leaders and decision-makers in industry;as scientists and technologists;as professional engineers and designers;as reli-gious(宗教的)leaders and individual citizens.8.This short passage is probably taken from _______.A.a news reportB.a guide to the worldC.an article by a medical workerD.a government report

五.推测文段前后的内容

1.提问方式 If you were to continue the passage, what would you write about…?

The next paragraph would most probably deal with _______

The paragraph preceding this one would most likely discuss______.2.解题技巧推测文段后的内容：根据作者的思路进行推理，关注最后一段，特别是文段最后的一句话。

推测文段前的内容：关注第一段，特别是文段开始的一句话。

9.高考实例（2010湖北241223113）

… In this article.I'll describe three no-win situations that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some

ways out of the trap.The first no-win situation is quarrels over unimportant things.Examples include the color of the teen's hair, the cleanliness of the bedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the child's failure to eat a good breakfast before school, or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends.Second, blaming.The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong.Third, needing to be right, It doesn't matter what the topic is-politics.The laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg-the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong.for both wish to be considered an authority-someone who actually knows something-and therefore to

command respect.Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they'll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress

9.What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?

A.Causes for the parent-teen conflictsB.Examples of the parent-teen war.C.Solutions for the parent-teen problemsD.Future of the parent-teen relationship

☆ 真题实战：浙江卷

You are from a middle class family, and live in a normal size home without any showy possessions, but you are

surrounded by surprising consumption.This contrast is beginning to bother your 6-year-old son.You are worried that he will want to live as they do, and wonder if you should move.Sometimes big pocket money, joyful birthday parties, special playrooms and super-big houses tell you that your

neighbors probably have more money than you do, and that they're not as careful as you are with money, but you may find that they cook and dig in the garden with their children just as often as you do, talk with them as freely and read to them every night.Or you may find that some of these parents stay in on wing of their big house while children play by himself, way off in a wing of his own.In that unfortunate case, he is basically growing up alone without being looked after properly, but this can happen to a child who lives in a normal-size house, too, if he has a TV,a computer and a few video games in his room.Even the most caring parent doesn't walk in and out of it to see what show her child is watching, what Internet site he has found and if he's playing that video game.Too much uncontrolled screen then may lead to a certain loss of innocence(天真), and if it doesn't, you might decide to move.Don't judge your neighbor too harshly(严厉地), though.There some things that are right with almost any neighbor and some things that are wrong with the best of them.---like those super-big houses.The wealth of their owners----and the way save some of the money, give some to people who don't have enough and use the rest to pay for whatever the family needs.Children want-----should be provided with----explanations when their parents don't give them what they want.57.What is the problem with the worried parent in the text?

A.Her house isn't as big as her rich neighbor's.B.Her son is left alone without anyone in charge.C.She can't provide her son with a special playroom.D.She worries about the effect of her neighbor on her son.58.In paragraphs 2 and 3, the author seems to agree that parents should _______.A.spend more time with their children.B.give their children more freedom.C.work hard to live a richer life.D.set an example for their children to follow

59.By saying “throw money round”(paragraph 5)the author means that rich people_____.A.spend money carelesslyB.save money for their children

C.help the poor people willinglyD.leave money all around the house

60.What is the main idea the author aims to express in the text?

A.Children are unfortunate to have poor parents.B.Children should enjoy their comfortable life.C.Children need proper guidance form their parents.D.Children feel ashamed of themselves in a rich neighborhood.DAAC