第一篇：2018年考研英语阅读理解之教育类练习题
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2018年考研英语阅读理解之教育类练习
题
暑期集训来了，如何在暑期两个月创造出双倍的价值是每个考生想要达到的目标。这就需要加倍的努力和科学的规划了。英语方面的复习，大家要持续性背单词，阅读、写作及翻译要多加练习，总结方法技巧，活学活用。下面凯程在线和大家分享教育类的阅读模拟题，大家不妨集中练习，提升阅读速度和做题技巧。
Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph.D.s.Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent.The extent of the loss was，however，largely a matter of expert guessing.Last week a well-rounded study was published.It was published.It was based on 22，000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per cent，and in most cases the dropouts，while not completing the Ph.D.requirement，went on to productive work.They are not only doing well financially，but，according to the report，are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.Discussing the study last week，Dr.Tucker said the project was initiated ‘because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph.D.programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree.Attrition at the Ph.D.level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity.Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph.D.’
“The results of our research” Dr.Tucker concluded，“did not support these opinions.”
1.Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.2.Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialities.3.Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision，but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination，uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams.Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph.D.program，lack of finances was marked by 19 per cent.As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing，a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20，000 and more annually while none of the Ph.D.‘s with that background reached this figure.The Ph.D.’s shone in the $ 7，500 to $ 15，000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts.This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields，where Ph.D.‘s tend to rise to the highest salaries，are still lagging behind other fields.凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！
As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus，the outlook was glum.The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.1.The author states that many educators feel that
[A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus.[B] the dropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study.[C] the Ph.D.holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout.[D] The high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members.2.Research has shown that
[A] Dropouts are substantially below Ph.D.‘s in financial attainment.[B] the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph.D.studies.[C] The Ph.D.candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out.[D] about one-third of those who start Ph.D.work do not complete the work to earn the degree.3.Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph.D.[A] is the most frequent reason for dropping out.[B] is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate.[C] is an essential part of many Ph.D.programs.[D] does not vary in difficulty among universities.4.After reading the article，one would refrain from concluding that
[A] optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph.D.dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree.[B] a Ph.D.dropout，by and large，does not have what it takes to learn the degree.[C] colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph.D.dropouts.[D] Ph.D.‘s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions.5.It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in
[A] salary for Ph.D.too low.[B] academic requirement too high.[C] salary for dropouts too high.[D] 1000 positions.答案详解
1.A.许多教育工作者感到应采取步骤让辍学者回校学习，特别是有些学科。这在
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50%。” B.在博士学习中刺激因素较小。C.博士预备生如果中途退学很可能改变其专业领域。
3.C.博士生应达到外语要求的水平是许多博士生课程的一个基本组成部分。这在
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encourages.Boys don‘t grow up believing that women are mysterious creatures – airy goddesses，more like book-illustrations to a fairy-tale，than human beings.Girls don’t grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes.Years of living together at school dispel illusions of this kind.There are no goddesses with freckles，pigtails，piercing voices and inky fingers.There are no romantic heroes with knobbly knees，dirty fingernails and unkempt hair.The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up.These can better be overcome in a co-educational environment.Segregated schools sometimes provide the right conditions for sexual deviation.This is hardly possible under a co-educational system.When the time comes for the pupils to leave school，they are fully prepared to enter society as well-adjusted adults.They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women.1.What is the best title for this passage?
[A] only co-education can be in harmony with society.[B] people are in great need of co-education.[C] any form of education other than co-education is simply unthinkable.[D] co-education has many features.2.what does co-education offer to children?
[A] A society.[B] A true small model of society.[C] A real life.[D] True version of social condition.3.According to the passage，what is one of the chief aims of education?
[A] It is for students to acquire knowledge.[B] It is to equip future citizens with scientific technology.[C] It is to equip future citizens with what is required in getting a position in society.[D] It is for students to get academic achievements.4.Why do boys and girls in co-education have no illusion about each other?
[A] They live together and know each other too well.[B] Years of living together at school dismiss such illusion.[C] co-education encourage them to have an healthy attitude toward life.[D] They are familiar with each other‘s problems.Vocabulary
1.to be in for = receive 接受
2.He is in for punishment.他受到惩罚。
3.miniature 缩样，雏形，微型画
4.freckle 雀斑
5.pigtail 鞭子
6.knobbly = knobby 多节的 7.unkempt 乱七八糟，蓬乱的 8.sharp focus = clear view
9.bring into focus 使集中在焦点上，对光
10.bring into sharp focus 这里的意义是：一目了然，明显突出
11.deviation 越轨，偏离，入歧途
4页共4页
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12.all the more 越发，格外
难句译注
1.a co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature.【参考译文】男女合校至少给孩子提供了一个社会真正缩影。
2.The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up.【参考译文】棘手的青春期把成长过程中出现的某些身体上合感情上的问题清晰地摆出来。
写作方法与文章大意
文章论及“男女合校制的优越性和男女分校制的缺陷。”采用因果、对比写法。首先假设单一性别社会，人所不能容忍，那单一性别的学校培养的人又怎能适应社会。因为社会是男女组成的。然后分别对比合校和分校的优缺点。比较合校的优点，分校的缺点，最后得出结论：之后合校的学生，在离校进入社会，已做好一切准备，而不会感到震惊，因为他们已有好几年的经验，会处理面临男女的许多问题。
答案详解
1.C 除了男女合校，其他形式的教育简直难以想象。答案见
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four years after she arrived from Honduras，Martha，20，graduated from Fairfax High School in Los Angeles.She managed decent grades while working 36 hours a week at a Kentucky Fried Chicken.Her sister，Marlin，22，attends a local community college and will soon be a certified nurse assistant.The brothers are a different story.Oscar，17，was expelled two years ago from Fairfax for carrying a knife and later dropped out of a different school.The youngest，Jonathan，15，is now in a juvenile boot camp after running into trouble with the law.“The boys get sidetracked more，” says the kids' mother，Suyapa Landaverde.“The girls are more confident.”
This is no aberration.Immigrant girls consistently outperform boys，according to the preliminary findings of a just-completed，five-year study of immigrant children——the largest of its kind，including Latino，Chinese and Haitian kids——by Marcelo and Carola Suarez-Orozco of the Harvard Graduate School of Education.Though that trend holds for U.S.-born kids as well，the reasons for the discrepancy among immigrants are different.The study found that immigrant girls are more adept at straddling cultures than boys.“The girls are able to retain some of the protective features of [their native] culture” because they're kept closer to the hearth，says Marcelo Suarez-Orozco，“while they maximize their acquisition of skills in the new culture” by helping their parents navigate it.Consider the kids' experiences in school.The study found that boys face more peer pressure to adopt American youth culture——the dress，the slang，the disdain for education.They're disciplined more often and，as a result，develop more adversarial relationships with teachers——and the wider society.They may also face more debilitating prejudices.One teacher interviewed for the study said that the “cultural awareness training” she received as part of her continuing education included depictions of Latino boys as “aggressive” and “really macho” and of the girls as “pure sweetness.”
Gender shapes immigrant kids' experiences outside school as well.Often hailing from traditional cultures，the girls face greater domestic obligations.They also frequently act as “cultural ambassadors，” translating for parents and mediating between them and the outside world，says Carola Suarez-Orozco.An unintended consequence：“The girls get foisted into a responsible role more than the boys do.” Take Christina Im，18，a junior at Fairfax who arrived from South Korea four years ago.She ranks ninth in a class of 400 students and still finds time to fix dinner for the family and work on Saturdays at her mother's clothing shop.Her brother? “He plays computer games，” says Im.The Harvard study bears a cautionary note： If large numbers of immigrant boys continue to be alienated academically——and to be clear，plenty perform phenomenally——they risk sinking irretrievably into an economic underclass.Oscar Herrera，Martha's dropout brother，may be realizing that.“I'm thinking of returning to school，” he recently told his mother.He ought to look to his sisters for guidance.1.In the opening paragraph，the author introduces his topic by
[A]posing a contrast
[B]justifying an assumption
[C]making a comparison
[D]explaining a phenomenon
2.The statement “they also frequently act as ‘cultural ambassadors’”(Line two，Paragraph 4)implies that 6页共6页
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[A]they work as a translator for their parents
[B]they help their parents have a better understanding of the foreign culture
[C]they encourage their parents to go into the outside world
[D]their parents help them realize their dream of becoming an ambassador.3.Immigrant boys do not fare well in the outside world because of the following reasons，except that
[A]American youth culture has a bad influence on the boys
[B]people have prejudice against them
[C]their sense of responsibility is not as strong as that of the girls
[D]they do not get well along with the teachers and the outside world
4.Marcelo and Carola Suarez-Orozco have eventually found in their study that
[A]the immigrant boys should not be allowed to go into the outside world
[B]the immigrant boys have no judgment about the youth culture
[C]the immigrant girls do a better job than the immigrant boys
[D]the immigrant boys should be severely disciplined
5.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
[A]All the dropouts should receive good education.[B]Many immigrant boys are likely to fall into trouble in the future.[C]Schooling education has been neglected.[D]More attention should be paid to the immigrant children.词汇注释
sidetracked 使受牵制的，误入歧途的 aberration 失常;偏差
outperform 胜过
preliminary 预备的，初步的 discrepancy 相差，差异，矛盾
adept at 熟练于„;擅长于„
straddle 跨坐
navigate 航行于，驾驶，操纵
adversarial 敌手的，对手的 debilitate 使衰弱，使虚弱
macho 男子的，男子气的
hailing from 来自，在某地生长
mediate 仲裁，调停
foist 偷偷插入，使混入
phenomenally 现象上的，明白地;惊人地
irretrievably 不能挽回地，不能补救地
look to sb.for sth.以来或指望某人提供或作某事物
fare 进展;成功
难句讲解
1.Last week，four years after she arrived from Honduras，Martha，20，graduated from Fairfax High School in Los Angeles.She managed decent grades while working 36 hours a week at a Kentucky Fried Chicken.7页共7页
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[简析] 本句话是一个并列句，其主干“Martha graduated from Fairfax High School in Los Angeles.She managed decent grades„”。four years after she arrived from Honduras和20是插入语;while引导的断语作状语，表示让步。
2.“The girls are able to retain some of the protective features of [their native] culture” because they're kept closer to the hearth，says Marcelo Suarez-Orozco，“while they maximize their acquisition of skills in the new culture” by helping their parents navigate it.[简析]本句话的主干是“The girls are able to retain some of the protective features„”。Because引导的是原因庄宇从句;says Marcelo Suarez-Orozco是插入语;while 引导的是时间状语从句，其中的by引导的短语作状语，其中的it指的是new culture.3.One teacher interviewed for the study said that the “cultural awareness training” she received as part of her continuing education included depictions of Latino boys as “aggressive” and “really macho” and of the girls as “pure sweetness.”
[简析]本句话的主干是“One teacher said that„”。interviewed for the study作定语修饰teacher;that 引导的是宾语从句，其中的she received as part of her continuing education是一个省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰cultural awareness training.4.The Harvard study bears a cautionary note： If large numbers of immigrant boys continue to be alienated academically——and to be clear，plenty perform phenomenally——they risk sinking irretrievably into an economic underclass.[简析]本句话的主干是“The Harvard study bears a cautionary note„”。冒号后面的句子是在解释前面的句子;if 引导的是条件状语从句;破折号里面的内容是在进一步说明if 引导的从句。
答案与解析
1.C 结构题。本题的问题是“在开始段落，作者通过介绍他的主题”。文章
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是移民男孩不会获得成功的原因。[A]“美国的青少年文化对男孩有不利的影响”是针对
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had exposure to larger projects.If all of your experience was at no-name companies in North Dakota，then you need to tell me that the project youworked on had 15 developers and an annual budget of 3 million dollars.Otherwise I’m likely to think your prior experience was building simple ASP front ends to little Access databases.And finally，follow the directions for applying for the job.If I went to the trouble of describing how you should apply，there‘s probably a good reason for it.If I ask for a plain-text resume，don’t send a Word document or a link to your resume on your Web site.If I ask for a code sample，include it.If you can‘t follow those simple directions，how can I expect that you’ll be able to follow a spec?
I don‘t even look at those emails I get with Word attachments，no code samples，no information about availability or your location.I simply file them away in case I ever have a need to hire a developer that doesn’t know how to follow directions.Reading Comprehension
1.Why did the author suggest that don‘t put your cover letter in another attachment of your resume?
[A] It‘s a waste of time.[B] It is absurd.[C] It will make your cover letter not do its job.[D] There is no need to do so.2.Why did the author emphasize the importance of proofread?
[A] Because it is a quality that a pupil should have.[B] Proofreading can decrease errors from your cover letter.[C] It will make you avoid some simple errors and will give your reader a good impression.[D] It can make you win Pulitzer-prize.3.Why did the author say that you should let the reader know what size project you‘ve worked on?
[A] Because this will highlight your resume.[B] Because you are required to do so.[C] Because this will let your reader know you better.[D]Because it can make your reader know your ability for larger projects.4.What‘s the meaning of “went to the trouble” that mentioned in paragraph 6?
[A] To face puzzledom.[B] An amount of effort and time that is needed to do something.[C] Have some difficulties.[D] Some problems can‘t be solve.5.What‘s the meaning of the word “spec” which mentioned in paragraph 6?
[A] Rule.[B] Law.[C] A detailed instruction about how a piece of equipment should be made.[D] An direction.答案与题解
1.[C] 细节题。准确定位到原文是解题的关键。本题出现在原文的
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在另一个附件中则求职信将发挥不出它
的作用。
2.[C] 细节题。本题的干扰项在B项。校对的确可以减少错误，但这并不是本文强调的重点。本文认为避免一些低级错误是给审查简历的人留下好印象的机会。
3.[D] 细节题。请看文中的
第二篇：2018年考研英语阅读理解模拟练习题
2018年考研英语阅读理解模拟练习题（3）
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision.Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise;and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition.In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is.Some see it as the opposite of rationality;others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenberg's recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers' intuition is neither of these.Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways.First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists.Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly.This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills.A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an Aha!experience.Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis.Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action.Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution.Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting.Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later.Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue.They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue.One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.1.According to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to
[A] Speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem.[B] Identify a problem.[C] Bring together disparate facts.[D] Stipulate clear goals.2.The text suggests which of the following about the writers on management mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2?
[A] They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.[B] They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.[C] They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.[D] They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.3.It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis?
[A] Manager X analyzes first and then acts;Manager Y does not.[B] Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis;Manager Y does not.[C] Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem;Manager Y does not.[D] Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem;Manager X does not.4.The text provides support for which of the following statements?
[A] Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.[B] Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.[C] Managers'' intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical Sagemnet.Comskills.[D] Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.5.Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the text?
[A] An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is given.[B] A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.[C] The results of recent research are introduced and summarized.[D] Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated.[答案与考点解析]
1.「答案」D
「考点解析」这是一道归纳推导题。本题题干中的senior managers暗示本题的答案信息在第三段,因为第三段首句包含题干中的senior managers。通过仔细阅读和理解本段中所谈到的五点,我们可推导出本题的正确选项是选项D.本题选项A、B、C所涉及的内容分别在本段的第五点、第一点和第三点提到。考生在解题时一定要学会认真归纳和总结原文所表达的每一层含义。
2.「答案」D
「考点解析」这是一道句间关系题。题干已将本题的答案信息圈定在第二段。本段中的第二句是本题答案信息的最主要来源,通过阅读和理解此句,我们可推导出本题的正确选项是D.考生在解题时一定要适当理解上下句之间的关系。
3.「答案」C
「考点解析」本题是一道审题定位题。题干中的who uses intuition to reach decisions暗示本题的答案信息在第四段,因为第四段首句含有和题干中who uses intuition to reach decisions大致相同的the intuitive style of executive management。通过仔细阅读和理解第四段的每一句话,我们可发现第四段的第一句话都在强调act(行动),可见本题的正确选项应该是强调行动的选项C.本题的答案信息来源是第四段的第二句话。考生在解题时一定要首先准确地审题定位,然后要善于归纳和理解原文中的中心主旨信息。
4.「答案」D
「考点解析」本题是一道审题定位题。题干中并没有明确指出本题答案信息在原文的准确位置。在这种情况下,考生往往迷失解题思路。在考生迷失解题思路时一定要牢记全文中心主旨,并且抓住各段的核心句。本文的中心主旨句在第一段的尾句。如果考生能够抓住第一段的尾句,并结合第三段的第四、五句,就可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是D.考生在解题时,尤其是在迷失解题思路时,一定要首先抓全文的中心主旨句,同时还要抓一些明确表示启承转合关系的句子结构。
5.「答案」B
「考点解析」本题是一道段落结构题。第一句话中的do not和第二句句首的rather是破解本题的关键。抓住这两个关键就可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是B.考生在解题时一定要注意表示否定的词语以及表示启承转合的词语,更要注意句子之间的相互关系。
[参考译文] 大部分成功的高层管理人员并不拘泥于传统的推理模式,即：首先确定目标,然后估定问题,摆出各种可能性,估计成功率,再做决定,最后才付诸行动去实施。相反,在这些人的日常决策过程中,他们靠一种定义模糊的直觉应付大量相关问题,这些问题使他们必须在一堆含糊不清,自相矛盾,奇特无比或者令人惊异的事物中做抉择,而且在考虑过程中就要有相应的行动。
管理学作品的写作者早就注意到了实践当中一些管理者对直觉依赖很强。不过总的来说,这些写作者未曾表达出什么叫做直觉。有些人将其视作理性的对立面,还有人认为它是反复无常的(做法、性格)的一个借口。
Isenberg最近对高层管理人员认知过程的研究揭示了管理者的直觉并不是上述的任何一种情况。高层管理者是在五个不同的方面使用直觉。首先,他们直觉地感到有问题存在。第二,依靠直觉,管理者们能很快表现出有教养的行为方式。这种直觉并不是任意,非理性的,而是在多年实践磨练,和亲身体验培养出的技能的基础上形成。第三,直觉把一些零散的数据和实际情况组合为一个完整画面,这经常表现为一声Aha式的体验。第四,有些管理者也应用直觉来检验更理性化分析的结果。大部分高层管理人员熟知传统的决策分析模式和工具,那些使用这些正式的系统化方法做出决定的人经常会对一种情况保持警惕,那就是有时此方法得出的结论和他们对正确行为的感觉不符。最后,管理者可通过直觉绕开深奥的分析而快速产生一个可能的解决办法。这么使用时,直觉几乎是一个瞬间的思维过程,这一模式为管理者所熟悉。
这些管理者用直觉方式的一个特点是思考和行动不能分开。由于(在这种方式中)管理者在分析和解释问题之前就已经明白应该怎么去做,他们经常是先行动,后解释。在思考?D行动的循环中,分析是必不可少的。在这其中管理者们不是靠分析他们面对的形势来思考其公司、组织的情况,而是行动和分析在高度一致地进行。
由于管理者们经常面对许多不确定的情况,他们鼓励采取各种行动来对问题作一番深入了解。他们藉此对问题做出更深的体会。这种思考行为循环的一个特点即：行动是确定问题的一部分,而不只是解决问题的步骤。
第三篇：2010年考研经典短文背诵之教育类
2010年考研经典短文背诵之教育类
Directions:
Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1)describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and
2)point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.分析：
这又是一组对比的组图，非常简单明了。两张图的大背景都是暴风雨交加的恶劣天气，在左边的图中，花朵在温室中绚烂地开放；而右图中，同样的一朵花在离开了温室之后就黯然凋谢了。组图题为“温室花朵经不起风雨”，考生稍加分析就可以发现该图并不只是谈论花朵，而更是指向了我们平时所说的“祖国的花朵”们，也就是孩子们，这就自然而然地和社会问题联系在了一起。中国在实施了计划生育之后，独生子女们成为了家里的“小皇帝”、“小公主”，受到全家人的百般呵护，从小就在蜜罐中长大。这些孩子们人生道路几乎都是一帆风顺，没有经历过大的困难和挫折，因此一旦离开了父母的保护，就很容易由于经不起各种社会现实的打击而一蹶不振。通过这番分析，我们就可以得出文章的主要论点，即受到过分溺爱的孩子们经不起挫折和逆境。
思路拓展：
独生子女成长的问题在很大程度上牵涉到了中国的教育制度和教育方法等全方位的问题。我们可以联想到现阶段在教育界存在的其他热点问题，如传统灌输教育和素质教育之间的关系、孩子的学习和娱乐之间的关系、学生们的全面发展问题、教育费用和教育负担的问题、教育质量的问题、城乡教育制度差别的问题、教育公平性问题等等。这些问题都是平时政府、民众和媒体非常关注的问题，考生借助自己的大学生活背景也能够了解许多相关的情况。应该说，教育类的话题对于考生说是一个比较熟悉、也相对比较简单容易的话题。
范文：
As the title indicates, “greenhouse flowers cannot survive unpleasant weather”, the set of pictures apparently reminds us that excessive protection only leads to negative results.When a flower blossoms in the greenhouse despite of the external rain and thunder, it withers immediately once being moved out of its cozy haven.Children in China are always compared to “the flowers of our motherland”.It is alarming that a large portion of them are in danger of experiencing a similar misfortune to the flower in the picture.This is partly attributed to the birth of a generation of “only children”, who are quite pampered and spoiled by their parents.Leading a life full of success, love and sweetness, these children are quite ignorant of failure, hardship, and the taste of tears that abound in real life.Therefore, when they leave home, they might be overly sensitive to frustration and easily suffer depression that prevents them from a happy and promising future.This type of child is not what we hope for the future of our country.On the contrary, we need to nurture a generation that is fully prepared for independent life, so that it is ready to confront any challenge, adapt to changes of environment, and survive the heated competition in today’s world.译文：
正如该图的题目所显示的那样，“温室里的花朵经不起风雨”，这组图画清楚地告诉我们过度的保护只会导致负面的结果。当外面打雷下雨的时候，一朵花却能在温室中生机勃勃地开放。可是一旦离开了这个舒适的避难所来到外面的时候，这朵花立刻就凋谢了。
在中国，孩子经常被比作“祖国的花朵”。但是，令人担忧的是很多孩子有可能经历图中花朵的不幸。部分原因可以归结为“独生子女”一代的出生，这些孩子都被他们的父母惯坏了。他们的生活中只充满了成功、爱和甜蜜，而他们都不懂什么是失败、艰难，也很少尝过眼泪的滋味，但是实际生活中却是充满了失败、艰难和眼泪的。因此，他们可能会对挫折过于敏感、也很容易及沉湎于忧郁，使他们在踏入社会以后没有一个幸福和充满前景的未来。
这一类孩子决不是我们国家未来需要的人才。相反，我们需要培育一代能够独立生活的孩子，他们随时准备面对任何挑战、随时适应环境的变化、并能够在现代社会的激烈竞争中生存下来。
闪光词汇及词组：
excessive: adj.过度的，过分的 blossom: v.开花
external: adj.外部的 wither: v.枯萎
cozy: adj.舒适的，安逸的 haven: n.避难所
a large portion of: 很大一部分
misfortune: n.不幸，灾祸
abound in: 富于
nurture: v.教育，养育
万能句型：
The set of pictures apparently reminds us that…
This partly attributes to…
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing.In your essay, you should:
1)describe the drawing briefly，2)explain its intended meaning, and then 3)state your points of view.You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.不对，我的标准答案是2+1=3，扣十分
范文：
As is described in the drawing, a student fails in a knowledge competition simply because his answer to one question, though being 100% correct, is not exactly the same as the so-called standard answer.It is discernable that other students are quite puzzled by why “1+2=3” is wrong while “2+1=3” is right.The drawing reminds its audience of a widespread phenomenon in the area of basic education in China, that is, educators stick blindly to fixed standards without allowing any room of flexibility or variation.Students are required to mechanically remember what is written in the books, but receive no encouragement to question, challenge, and disagree.Consequently, children’s creativity is largely limited or killed, which exerts a detrimental impact on their future development, especially in the current society which puts so much emphasis on creativity, innovation, and inventiveness.As far as I am concerned, there needs to be a comprehensive renovation in the educational system, where new educational concepts, such as to inspire creation, are installed.Only by new teaching methods other than stiff memorization can we cultivate children into talents who will meet the requirements that society demands.Likewise, this new tendency would also benefit educators themselves to realize their own potential.译文：
正如图中描绘的那样，一个学生在一次智力竞赛中的失败仅仅是因为他的答案和所谓的标准答案不是完全一致，尽管他的答案也是完全正确的。我们可以看到其他学生对于为什么1+2=3是错误的而2+1=3是正确的感到十分疑惑。
这幅图实际上是在提醒读者在中国基础教育界存在的一个普遍的负面现象，那就是教育者盲目地坚持标准，而不提供灵活和变化的空间。老师要求学生们机械地背诵书上的知识，但是从来不鼓励学生质疑、提出挑战或者不同见解。因此，孩子们的创造力受到了限制和扼杀，这对于他们的未来发展是有害的，特别是现代社会十分强调创新性和独创性。
我认为需要对教育系统进行一次全面的革新，加入一些新的教育理念，如鼓励创新等。我们只有通过新的教育方法、而不是死记硬背，才能把孩子们培养成为适合社会要求的人才。同样，这种新的趋势对于教育者自身也是有好处的，能够使他们开发自己的潜能。
闪光词汇及词组：
puzzled: adj.困惑的 flexibility: n.灵活性
variation: n.变化
mechanically: adv.机械地
stiff: adj.呆板的
cultivate: v.教育，培养
likewise: adv.同样地
万能句型：
It is discernable that…
The drawing reminds its audience of a widespread phenomenon in the area of…
As far as I am concerned, there needs to…
Only by…can we…
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing.In your essay, you should:
1)describe the drawing briefly，2)explain its intended meaning, and then
3)state your point of view.You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.拔苗图
范文：
What is delineated in front of us is a pair of parents who are eager to cultivate their little child into a well-rounded person.The poor girl seems to have a quite tight schedule, as her father is teaching her how to paint while her mother is preparing for her violin class.The dullness of the kid’s eyes portrays her unwillingness and dislike to learn so many things after school.The drawing reflects a common phenomenon in China that parents are obsessed with the wish of their child’s future success, which is, though, very understandable.Particularly due to the one-child policy, the only child is the greatest hope of parents and is provided with all the available resources.Meanwhile, we sadly discover that this generation of only children is deprived of what used to be the fun of childhood, like running around, playing various games with friends, and climbing trees, all of which are replaced by numerous tutoring courses and art lessons.Admittedly, an early and diversified education benefits children in exploring their potentials.Nevertheless, I strongly contend that children are entitled to enjoy a happy childhood filled with games and fun, instead of tedious classes.An appropriate extent of freedom can only do kids good, by promoting their comprehensive development both mentally and physically.译文：
呈现在我们面前的是一对急于把他们的小女儿培养成为一个通才的夫妻。这个可怜的小女孩看起来时间表排得满满的，她的父亲正在教她画画，而母亲正在为她准备小提琴课。但是，这个孩子呆滞的双眼却泄漏了她不愿意在放学之后还学这么多东西的心情。
这幅图反映了一个在中国很普遍的现象，即父母们都望子成龙，尽管这是一个我们都能够理解的现象。由于独生子女政策，这些孩子们都是父母最大的希望，父母给了他们一切可以得到的资源。同时，我们却悲哀地发现这一代孩子被剥夺了属于儿童的快乐，如四处乱跑、和小朋友们玩各种游戏、爬树等，这些都被无数的辅导和训练代替了。
我们承认较早的多样化教育有利于开发孩子们的潜能。但是，我强烈地认为孩子们应该拥有一个充满游戏和快乐的童年，而不只是乏味的课程。适度的自由对孩子们是有好处的，可以促进他们身体和智力上的全面发展。
闪光词汇及词组：
well-rounded: adj.多才多艺的tight: adj.紧密的
be obsessed with: 专注于，专心于
understandable: adj.可理解的available: adj.可利用的be deprived of: 被剥夺
tutoring: n.辅导
be entitled to: 有……的资格
tedious: adj.单调乏味的万能句型：
What is delineated in front of us is…
The drawing reflects a common phenomenon…
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing.In your essay, you should:
1)describe the drawing briefly，2)explain its intended meaning, and then
3)state your point of view.范文：
The picture shows a boy who is crossing a river by stepping on his peasant parents’ heads like stones.The river symbolizes the heavy financial load on rural parents to support their children’s advanced education.As is quoted in the picture, a family in countryside can barely afford a high school student, not to mention a college student.The picture apparently mirrors an increasingly common social phenomenon in China—the hiking cost of education in contrast with the tiny income of the rural population.For one thing, the problem is partially attributed to the present disparity of wealth distribution.Sometimes the college tuition per student equals the annual income of a rural family.For another, colleges and other educational institutions fail to provide financial tools to assist students from poor areas.For example, the application for scholarship and student loan is usually so complicated that the procedure seems to take forever, while students see no trace of money.In my opinion, the government needs to reform the educational system with measures that can show immediate effect.Cutting tuition and other expenses proves to be most beneficial to students.Further, a large-scale reform at the macroeconomic level to bridge the gap between the rich and the poor is a basic solution to this issue.译文：
这幅图一个男孩子正在把他的农民父母的头作为垫脚石来跨过一条河。这条河象征了农村的父母们为了供孩子们接受高等教育所承受的巨大财政负担。正如图中所说的那样，在农村养一个高中生都很困难，更不用说是大学生了。
这很显然反映了在当今中国一个越来越普遍的社会现象——快速增长的教育费用和农村人口的微薄收入之家的差别。一方面，这个问题部分归咎于现有的财富分布不均。有时候一个大学生一年的学费就相当于一个农村家庭一年的收入。另一方面，大学和其他的教育机构没有通过各种各样的融资工具来帮助来自贫困地区的学生。比如说，申请奖学金和贷款的程序都非常复杂、需要花很长时间，而学生们却很难真正拿到钱。
我认为，政府应该改革教育系统，采取一些立竿见影的措施。降低学费和杂费被证明是对学生最有利的。此外，解决这个问题的根本措施在于在宏观经济的层面上进行一个大规模的改革，从而缩小贫富差距。
闪光词汇及词组：
symbolize: v.象征
advanced education: 高等教育
not to mention: 更不用说
hiking: n./ v.提高, 增加
partially: adj.部分地
disparity: n.不一致，不等
wealth distribution: 财富分配
tuition: 学费
equal: 等于
institution: n.公共机构
procedure: n.程序，手续
macroeconomic: adj.宏观经济的bridge the gap: 缩小差距
万能句型：
As is quoted in the picture…
The picture apparently mirrors an increasingly common social phenomenon in China—
In my opinion, the government needs to reform the educational system with measures that can show immediate effect.
第四篇：考研英语练习题1
考试时间：30分钟 用户： 总分：100
练习一
(共计：20道题)
1.Man：Would you like to try on that dress，Madam? Woman：Thank you，but I don‟t think the pink color goes very well with my shoes． Question：What will the woman do next?
(5分)
A)She will continue looking around．
B)She will find a pair of suitable shoes for the dress． C)She will try on the dress． D)She will buy the pink dress． 您的答案： A)B)
C)
D)
2.Man：When are George's parents coming back? Woman：My sister says both she and Georges father will stay on for the weekend since George is all right here with us．
Question：What relation is George to the woman?
(5分)
A)Grandmother and grandchild．
B)Mother and son—in 1aw．
C)Aunt and nephew． D)Aunt and niece． 您的答案： A)B)
C)
D)
3.Man：Have you picked up your students card from the office? Woman：No，the camera from which you can get instant photos was out of order． Question：Why hasn‘’t the woman got her student‘’s card?
(5分)
A)Her camera was broken．
B)She will get her students card tomorrow．
C)She has to choose a picture for the office． D)She hasn‟t handed in her photos yet． 您的答案： A)B)
C)
D)
4.Woman：Put your grandfather in an Old People‟s Home．They‟11 look after him．
Man：They would if they could． Question：What does the man imply?
(5分)A)There are not enough Old People‟s Homes．
B)Grandfather will not get what he needs most there．
C)Grandfather will be taken good care of there． D)Grandfather is not willing to be put there． 您的答案： A)B)
C)
D)
5.Woman：Good morning，sir．The usual?
Man：Yes，please，Anna．Just a trim．Don‟t take too much off the top—it’s thin enough already．
Question：What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
(5分)
A)Customer and barber．
B)Customer and waitress．
C)Customer and tailor．
D)Tourist and travel agent． 您的答案： A)‘B)C)D)
’
6.Man：Its such a warm day．I think I11 do some reading in the sunshine．
Woman：I‘d like to join you but I find it easier to concentrate here． Question：What is the woman going to do?
(5分)
A)Join the man．
B)Do some reading with the man inside． C)Stay inside．
D)Write some letter． 您的答案： A)B)
C)
D)
7.Man：This meat is spoiled．
Woman：Maybe we ought to tell the manager about it．
Question：Where did this conversation most likely take place?
(5分)
A)At a track meet．
B)On the highway．
C)At a manager‟s conference． D)In a supermarket． 您的答案： A)B)
C)
D)
8.Man：I think I may need glasses．but I'm not entirely sure．
Woman：I‟11 be able to tell once you have looked at this vision chart． Question：What’s is the woman„s profession?(5分)A)A student．
B)A doctor．
C)An optometrist D)A teacher． 您的答案： A)‘B)C)D)
9.Woman：I don’t think we should have told Allen about the surprise party for Sue．
Man：It‘’s all right．He does not make promises lightly，and he promised not to tell． Question：What does the man mean?
(5分)
A)Sue already knows about the party．
B)Allen does not know Sue．
C)Allen will probably tell Sue about the party． D)Allen won„‟t tell Sue about the party． 您的答案： A)10.B)
C)
D)
After his death，his papers-including unpublished articles and correspondence-were at the library.(5分)
A)deposited B)attributed C)involved D)buried 您的答案： A)11.B)
C)
D)
The number of deaths＿to cigarette smoking clearly outweighs all other factors，whether voluntary or involuntary，as a cause of death.(5分)
A)attributed B)contributed C)devoted D)exposed 您的答案： A)B)
C)
D)
12.At first few of us took his analysis of the market situation seriously，but his views were confirmed by the＿development of events.(5分)A)rapid B)subsequent C)substantial D)principal 您的答案： A)13.B)
C)
D)
The fingerprints left at the scene of the crime finally＿the identity of the criminal.(5分)
A)established B)affirmed C)convinced D)reinforced 您的答案： A)14.B)
C)
D)
A benefit performance is a performance for which a charitable organization has bought out at a discounted price and＿funds by selling tickets at a full price.(5分)A)furnish B)raise
C)accumulate D)contribute 您的答案： A)15.B)
C)
D)
Money serves as a means of accumulating wealth and as a universal＿of exchange in the highly diversified commercial world.(5分)
A)measure B)intermediate C)medium D)mechanism 您的答案： A)B)
C)
D)
16.She＿a beauty contest but she only got a consolation prize.(5分)A)went to B)went over to C)went in for D)went through 您的答案： A)17.B)
C)
D)
Children's clothes have to be strong to＿hard wear.(5分)
A)stand up to B)stand up for C)stand.up against D)put up with 您的答案： A)18.B)
C)
D)
An energetic manager can be a great＿to his firm.(5分)
A)influence B)asset C)profit D)prosperity 您的答案： A)19.B)
C)
D)
I think we should insure___ the house fire.(5分)A)for.B)from C)against D)on 您的答案： A)20.B)
C)
D)
When we watch a play or a film，we all realize that the characters are some times(5分)
A)imaginative B)imaginable C)imagined D)imaginary 您的答案： A)B)
C)
D)
---------北京学苑教育©CopyRight---------
完成时间：2012-7-12 1:43:52 用户： 总分：100 1.Man：Would you like to try on that dress，Madam? Woman：Thank you，but I don‟t think the pink color goes very well with my shoes． Question：What will the woman do next?
(5分)A)She will continue looking around．
B)She will find a pair of suitable shoes for the dress． C)She will try on the dress． D)She will buy the pink dress．
您的答案：
正确答案：
A 试题解析：
选择A 女士说粉色的连衣裙与她的鞋子不搭配，所以她既不会买连衣裙，也不会试穿。只有选项A（她会继续看看别的。）内容符合题意。
本题得分：
0 2.Man：When are George's parents coming back? Woman：My sister says both she and Georges father will stay on for the weekend since George is all right here with us．
Question：What relation is George to the woman?
(5分)A)Grandmother and grandchild．
B)Mother and son—in 1aw．
C)Aunt and nephew． D)Aunt and niece．
您的答案：
正确答案：
C 试题解析： 选择C 男士问乔治的父母何时回来，女士回答她的姐姐和乔治的父亲要过了周末再回来。可见，乔治的母亲是女士的姐姐，所以女士与乔治是姨妈与外甥的关系。
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0 3.Man：Have you picked up your students card from the office? Woman：No，the camera from which you can get instant photos was out of order． Question：Why hasn‘’t the woman got her student‘’s card?
(5分)A)Her camera was broken．
B)She will get her students card tomorrow．
C)She has to choose a picture for the office． D)She hasn‟t handed in her photos yet．
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正确答案：
D 试题解析：
选择D A: 她的相机坏了。B：她明天会达到学生证。C：她还没有选好照片。D：她还没有交上照片。由相机坏了推断她是因为无法上交照片，所以没有拿到学生证。
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0 4.Woman：Put your grandfather in an Old People‟s Home．They‟11 look after him．
Man：They would if they could． Question：What does the man imply?
(5分)A)There are not enough Old People‟s Homes．
B)Grandfather will not get what he needs most there．
C)Grandfather will be taken good care of there． D)Grandfather is not willing to be put there．
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B 试题解析：
选择B 女士建议男士把祖父送到养老院，因为养老院能好好照顾老人。男士的回答使用了虚拟语气“如果他们能好好照顾，他们会这样做”，说明在养老院，祖父得不到良好的照顾。
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0 5.Woman：Good morning，sir．The usual?
Man：Yes，please，Anna．Just a trim．Don‟t take too much off the top—it’s thin enough already．
Question：What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
(5分)A)Customer and barber．
B)Customer and waitress．
C)Customer and tailor．
D)Tourist and travel agent．
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A 试题解析：
由男士所说的“稍微修剪一下。头顶已经很薄了，不用剪太多”等语可知，他应该是在理发。
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0 6.Man：Its such a warm day．I think I11 do some reading in the sunshine． ‘
’Woman：I‘d like to join you but I find it easier to concentrate here． Question：What is the woman going to do?
(5分)A)Join the man．
B)Do some reading with the man inside． C)Stay inside．
D)Write some letter．
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C 试题解析：
选择C but是个转折词, 一般重点都是在后面。
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0 7.Man：This meat is spoiled．
Woman：Maybe we ought to tell the manager about it．
Question：Where did this conversation most likely take place?
(5分)A)At a track meet．
B)On the highway．
C)At a manager‟s conference． D)In a supermarket．
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D 试题解析：
选择D 题中“meat，spoil，manager”表明不是餐馆便是商场，选项中D最靠近。
本题得分：
0 8.Man：I think I may need glasses．but I'm not entirely sure．
Woman：I‟11 be able to tell once you have looked at this vision chart． Question：What’s is the woman„s profession?(5分)A)A student．
B)A doctor．
C)An optometrist D)A teacher．
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正确答案：
C 试题解析：
选择 C 对话中表明女士是一个验光师。vision chart：视力图。
本题得分：
0 9.Woman：I don’t think we should have told Allen about the surprise party for Sue． ‘Man：It‘’s all right．He does not make promises lightly，and he promised not to tell． Question：What does the man mean?
(5分)A)Sue already knows about the party．
B)Allen does not know Sue．
C)Allen will probably tell Sue about the party． D)Allen won„‟t tell Sue about the party．
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D 试题解析：
选择D lightly: 轻易地。
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0 10.After his death，his papers-including unpublished articles and correspondence-were at the library.(5分)A)deposited B)attributed C)involved D)buried
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A 试题解析：
deposit“存放，储存”；attribute“把……归因于”；involve“卷人，包含”；bury“埋藏”、“安葬”。题句意思为：“他逝世后，他写的东西—包括未公开发表的文章和信件—都存放在图书馆。”
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0 11.The number of deaths＿to cigarette smoking clearly outweighs all other factors，whether voluntary or involuntary，as a cause of death.(5分)A)attributed B)contributed C)devoted D)exposed
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A 试题解析：
attribute...to“把……归因于，认为是……所为”；contribute to“贡献，捐助”；devote , to ,“把……奉献给”；expose , to“使……暴露于……，受到……”。题句意思为：“很明显，吸烟（不管是自觉吸烟，还是无意识吸烟）导致死亡的人数，远高于其他因素。”
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0 12.At first few of us took his analysis of the market situation seriously，but his views were confirmed by the＿development of events.(5分)A)rapid B)subsequent C)substantial D)principal
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B 试题解析： subsequent“后来的，随后的”；rapid“急速的”；substantial,“实质性的，坚固的”；principal“主要的，最重要的”。题句意思：“最初，我们当中没什么人把他对市场的分析当回事儿，可是他的观点被后来的事态发展所证实。”
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0 13.The fingerprints left at the scene of the crime finally＿the identity of the criminal.(5分)A)established B)affirmed C)convinced D)reinforced
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A 试题解析：
establish“确立，确认”；of firm“断言，肯定”；convince“使确信”；reinforce“增援，厂加强”。题句意：“犯罪现场留下的指纹最终确定了罪犯是谁。”affirm, convince, assert一般不与identity构成动宾结构。
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0 14.A benefit performance is a performance for which a charitable organization has bought out at a discounted price and＿funds by selling tickets at a full price.(5分)A)furnish B)raise
C)accumulate D)contribute
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B 试题解析：
raise funds“集资”；furnish“提供”；accumulate“积蓄”；contribute“为……贡献”。按句意选B。
本题得分： 0 15.Money serves as a means of accumulating wealth and as a universal＿of exchange in the highly diversified commercial world.(5分)A)measure B)intermediate C)medium D)mechanism
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C 试题解析：
medium“媒介”，复数形式是media;measure“措施，办法”；intermediate指时间、空间、程度的“中间物”；mechanism“机制”。
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0 16.She＿a beauty contest but she only got a consolation prize.(5分)A)went to B)went over to C)went in for D)went through
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C 试题解析：
go in for“参加”，如：go in for an exam“参加考试”。go over to“转到……方面”；go through“通过”。
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0 17.Children's clothes have to be strong to＿hard wear.(5分)A)stand up to B)stand up for C)stand.up against D)put up with
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A 试题解析：
stand up to“经得住，勇敢地面对”；stand up for“为……辩护”；，stand up against“坚决抵抗”；put up with“忍受”。
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0 18.An energetic manager can be a great＿to his firm.(5分)A)influence B)asset C)profit D)prosperity
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B 试题解析：
asset“财产，资产，宝贵的人或物”；inf1uence“影响”；profit“利润”；prosperity“繁荣，兴旺”。
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0 19.I think we should insure___ the house fire.(5分)A)for.B)from C)against D)on
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C 试题解析：
insure against“给……保险，使免受……”。
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0 20.When we watch a play or a film，we all realize that the characters are some times(5分)A)imaginative B)imaginable C)imagined D)imaginary
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D 试题解析：
imaginary“虚构的”；imaginative“富于想象力的”；imaginable“可以想象的”；imagined“被想象的”。
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第五篇：2017考研英语阅读暑期训练：教育类
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2017考研英语阅读暑期训练：教育类（5）
暑期集训来了，如何在暑期两个月创造出双倍的价值是每个考生想要达到的目标。这就需要加倍的努力和科学的规划了。英语方面的复习，大家要持续性背单词，阅读、写作及翻译要多加练习，总结方法技巧，活学活用。下面凯程在线和大家分享教育类的阅读模拟题，大家不妨集中练习，提升阅读速度和做题技巧。
One of the most important social developments that helped to make possible a shift in thinking about the role of public education was the effect of the baby boom of the 1950s and 1960s on the schools.In the 1920s，but especially in the Depression conditions of the 1930s，the United States experienced a declining birth rate—every thousand women aged fifteen to forty-four gave birth to about 118 live children in 1920，89.2 in 1930，75.8 in 1936，and 80 in 1940.With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it，young people married and established households earlier and began to raise larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression.Birth rates rose to 102 per thousand in 1946，106.2 in 1950，and 118 in 1955.Although economics was probably the most important determinant，it is not the only explanation for the baby boom.The increased value placed on the idea of the family also helps to explain this rise in birth rates.The baby boomers began streaming into the first grade by the mid-1940s and became a flood by 1950.The public school system suddenly found itself overtaxed.While the number of schoolchildren rose because of wartime and postwar conditions，these same conditions made the schools even less prepared to cope with the flood.The wartime economy meant that few new schools were built between 1940 and 1945.Moreover，during the war and in the boom times that followed，large numbers of teachers left their profession for better-paying jobs elsewhere in the economy.Therefore，in the 1950s and 1960s，the baby boom hit an antiquated and inadequate school system.Consequently，the “custodial rhetoric” of the 1930s and early 1940s no longer made sense;that is，keeping youths aged sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in school could no longer be a high priority for an institution unable to find space and staff to teach younger children aged five to sixteen.With the baby boom，the focus of educators and of laymen interested in education inevitably turned toward the lower grades and back to basic academic skills and discipline.The system no longer had much interest in offering nontraditional，new，and extra services to older youths.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?
[A] The teaching profession during the baby boom.[B] Birth rates in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s.[C] The impact of the baby boom on public education.[D] The role of the family in the 1950s and 1960s.2.The public schools of the 1950s and 1960s faced all of the following problems EXCEPT____.[A] a declining number of students
[B] old-fashioned facilities
[C] a shortage of teachers
[D] an inadequate number of school buildings
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3.According to the passage，why did teachers leave the teaching profession after the outbreak of the war?
[A]They needed to be retrained.[B]They were dissatisfied with the curriculum.[C]Other jobs provided higher salaries.[D]Teaching positions were scarce.4.The“custodial rhetoric”mentioned in the last paragraph refers to____.[A] raising a family
[B] keeping older individuals in school
[C] running an orderly household
[D] maintaining discipline in the classroom
5.Where in the passage does the author refer to the attitude of Americans toward raising a family in the 1950s and 1960s?
[A]Lines 1～3
[B]Lines 9～10
[C]Lines 20～21
[D]Lines 24～26
核心词汇
prosperityn.繁荣 cope vi.应付，处理 consequently adv.从而，因此
priority n.优先权 staffn.全体职员laymann.外行 discipline n.学科，纪律
Profession n.职业 institution n.公共机构 academic n.学院的，理论的
促使人们在对公共教育之作用的思考上发生转变的最重要的社会状况之一就是，20世纪50年代和60年代生育高峰对学校的影响。在20世纪20年代，尤其是在30年代经济大萧条的情况下，美国经历了一次出生率的降低——在1920年，每1，000名15～44岁的妇女生育了大约118个婴儿，1930年为89.2个，1936年为75.8个，到了1940年为80个。随着
凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！
economics was probably the most impoItant deterrninant.一可知，经济的繁荣导致了baby boom，故选A.2.C 细节题。由题干关键词t11e.teaching profession定位第二段最后一句„teac】3ers leR their professionforbettei‘-payingjobs„(很多老师为了高薪离开了教师岗位)，由此可推断出答案应为C.3.B 语义题。由题干关键词custodial rJaetoric定位文章第三段，第二句说到，三四十年代custodial rhetoric不再合理，该句中that is后就是custodial dletorjc的内容，即keeping youths aged sixteen antl older out oftlle lal)or mar-ket by keeping t】aem in scla00l，选项B正是该句的同义转述，故为答案。
4.B 推断题。作者在第三段首句提到生育高峰冲击了学校体系，可排除A;最后一段提到教育者的焦点也转向了低年级，转回到了基本的学术技能和学科上，而对向年龄较大的年轻人提供非传统的、新式的和额外的服务不再抱有太多的兴趣，言外之意，在生育高峰之前教育者的焦点不在基本的学术技能和学科上，故排除c，D与文意正好相反，只有B符合文意。
5.C 主旨题。本题针对文章的大意。文章开篇作者就点明了主题“促使人们在对公共教育的作用的思考上发生转变的最重要的社会状况之一，就是20世纪50年代和60年代生育高峰对学校的影响”。由此可见，本文的主旨应为C.
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