第一篇：轮机实习生英语实习题
轮机实习生英语实习题
1.Please describe your ship in brief.Our ship was made in china in 1994, the name is NING AN 15.It has 7 cargo-boxes, the gross registered tonnage are 26420 tons.The length overall of the vessel is 185m.The port of registry is Guangzhou.There are two main engines, three A/E, tow fresh water generator, two fuel and exhaust gas combined boilers, etc in engine room.2.Do you like your occupation? And are you confidence to be an excellent engineer after 12
months?
Yes.I like my occupation very much and I confidence to be an excellent engineer after 12 months.3.What works should you do when you are on duty(watch-keeping)?
⑴ At the beginning of the watch the current operational parameters and the condition of all machinery should be verified and also the log readings should correspond with those observed.⑵ The engineer officer in charge should note if there are any special orders or instructions relating to the operation of the main machinery.4.What should you do when standby engine?
⑴ Warming: It should be approx cooling water transferred from the rounding A/E to the M/E cooling water system, or should be used the steam for warming the M/E cooling water.⑵ Reading for lube oil system: check that the lube oil cycle tank.Start if the main lube pump and check pressures.Since one hand operating the cylinder lubricators.⑶ Ready for cooling water system: check that the level of M/E water tank and all valves in the various system are operational.tart the main engine C·W pump.After the M/E rounding, main sea water pumps working when the system temperature rises.⑷ Reading for compress air system: pump up the starting air reservoirs to their maximum pressure and drain the air reservoirs and air system.⑸ Reading for fuel oil system: check that the level of M/E setting tank and DO, FO serve tank.If you found the level down, you must be bunker the oil.⑹ Turning: start the turning gear, and with the indicator cocks open, and with the control gear in the ‘stop’ position, give the engine at least one complete turn.⑺ Starting: inform bridge that engine-room would like to turn engine.During the engine is turning check to see that no water and sludge leaking from the indicator cocks, start the engine on air briefly on both direction and then close all indicator cocks.⑻ Finally: before ‘standby’ is rung on the engine telegraph, it is necessary to give the main diesel engine a brief trial on power ahead and astern.5.What is the difference between 2-stroke engine and 4-stroke engine?
⑴ In the two-stroke engine, revolution of the crankshaft makes one power or working stroke, while in the four-stroke engine, it takes two revolutions to make one power stroke.That is why a two-stroke cycle engine will theoretically develop twice the power of a four-stroke engine of the same size.Inefficient scavenging and other losses, however reduce the power advantage to about 1.8.⑵ Due to the gas exhaust mechanism of 2-stroke engine is simply, so the construction of the 2-stroke is simple than 4-stroke engine.⑶ The gas exchange quality of 4-stroke engine is better than 2-stroke engine.⑷ The thermal load of 2-stroke is high than 4-stroke engine.6.What is the main reason when you see black(blue, yellow, white)smoke exhausted from the
diesel engine?
⑴ Black smoke: ① Air supply too low clue to fouling of air and gas passages.② fuel valves or atomizers defective.⑵ Yellow smoke: sulfur too high.⑶ Blue smoke: too much lube oil.⑷ White smoke: There is more water in fuel oil.7.How do you take a generator on load?
If we will want to take a generator on load, we can employ parallel operation.To parallel an incoming machine to a running machine therefore it is necessary to ensure firstly that both voltages and frequency.Voltmeters are provided for this purpose.Secondly the frequencies and phase must be brought into phase.In practice the synchroscope usually more slowly in the fast direction and the paralleling switch is closed as the pointer reached the 11 position.This results in the incoming machine immediately accepting a small amount of load.8.Draw a sketch to explain the principle of Fresh Water Generator.This is the vacuum boiling evaporator.Look for this picture of its principle.It makes use of the sea water boil produce the water steam, and through condenser produce fresh water.Usually the heater is cooling water of main engine cylinder.The total boiling is carrying out inside the vacuum, so we have to use a vacuum pump, and keep in vacuum about 1.1MPa.The important thing that we have to keep in the salinity of fresh water low to a fix value, so we install a salinity indicator on the distillate line.9.Draw a sketch to explain the principle of oily-water separator.The complete plant consists of a separator, a filter, a screw pump and a bilge alarm.The oil/water mixture is pumped into the separator by the screw pump.The preliminary separation then takes place in the separator according to the gravity principle.The oil to be separated rises into the oil collecting tank in the upper part of the separator.The de-oiled water leaves the filter for the remaining separation.The filter is fine oil separator oil rises into the oil collecting space too, and the water to the sea, but the important thing: the density must be low to 15PPM, so we install a visual alarming.The oil of collecting space is drained into the used oil tank.10.Draw a sketch to show the inside of oil-fried boiler? What safety devices the boiler provided
and how to check them?
The picture shows the inside of oil-fired boiler, look at it.The safety devices include the safety valves and the feel water system.⑴ The safety valves: There are mounted in pairs to protect the boiler against overpressure.Once the valve lifting pressure is set in the presence of a surveyor it is looked and can not be changed.The valve is arranged to open automatically at the pre-set blow off pressure.⑵ Feed water system: Frequent comparison of drum-mounted and remote-reading water level indicators: discrepancies between these have contributed to failures because of overheating through shortage of water, when a boiler was being oil fired.If in doubt as to the true boiler water level, i.e.whether a water level indicator sight glass is completely full or empty, when a unit is being oil-fired the fire should be immediately extinguished until the true level is resolved.11.Draw a sketch to describe the principle of Sewage Treatment plant? And how to maintain?
A number of biological sewage treatment plant types are in use at sea but nearly all work on what is called the extended aeration process.Basically the consists of oxygenating the liquor either by bubbling air through it or by agitating the surface.By so doing a family of bacteria is propagated which thrives on the oxygen content and digests the sewage to produce an innocuous sludge.The impression that bubbling air through the sewage serves to oxidize it thus reducing BOD is not strictly the case.It is the bacteria that reduce the BOD by converting the organic content of the sewage to a chemically and organically inert sludge.In order to exist, the bacteria need air and nutrient.The nutrient is in the form of body and galley wastes.If the nutrient source is cut off, i.e.the plant shut down or by-passed for say an extended ocean passage, the bacteria die and the plant cannot function correctly until new bacteria colony is generated.12.What do you need to clock before and after start the life-boat engine?
Before start the life boat engine: We have to check the cylinder of diesel engine having or don’t having other things, check the diesel oil and lube oil level of tanks, adjust the diesel engine throttle controlling at max for starting easy.After start the life-boat engine: We have to check the pressure of lube oil.Look at the smoke color exhaust or listen to the sound from the diesel engine.If we found the abnormal condition, we must be found out reason as soon as possible.We also need to check the change diction.13.What is the principle of incinerator and have you burnt the sludge?
There is an incinerator in our ship, and I have burnt the sludge just several times because most of the sludge in our ship was push away by the people from port.The principle of incinerator was like the boiler.14.Explain in brief how to write down the oil record book.Oil Record Book part Ⅰshall be provided to every oil tank of 150 tons gross tonnage and above and every ship of 400 tons gross tonnage and above, other than oil tankers, to record relevant machinery space operations, for oil tanks, Oil Record Book part Ⅱshall also be provided to record relevant cargo/ballast operations when making entries in the Oil Record Book, the date, operation code and item number shall be inserted in the appropriate columns and the required particulars shall be recorded
chronologically in the blank spaces.15.What is the difference between the centrifugal pump and screw pump? How to start a
centrifugal pump?
⑴ The screw pump are positive displacement type pumps.Displacement pumps are those where the volume of the pump chamber is alternately increased to draw the liquid in from the suction pipe and then decreased to force the liquid out into the delivery pipe.⑵ Centrifugal pumps are those where in an impeller rotating at high speed throws the liquid by centrifugal force from the centre to the periphery of the impeller where the liquid is discharged through the delivery outlet.Unlike the screw pumps, the centrifugal pumps do not have a positive suction action.⑶ Due to the centrifugal pump does not have a positive suction action and must be primed by flooding before it will draw water from a lower level starting.An air pump or a central priming system may be used for this purpose.We will have to close the discharge valve before a centrifugal pump starting.Because of centrifugal pumps are no positive and fairly low pressure units.Here a closed discharge valve will not cause excessive pressure to build up.16.What is your duty in emergency drills(Life-saving, Fire-fighting, Pollution prevention)?
Life-saving: Lay out embarkation ladder and take care of embarkation.Fire-fighting: Prepare team, carry extinguishers waiting on the scene.Pollution prevention: Carry cotton yarns and remora and clean spill oil.17.What action will you take if you find a small fire in E/R?
About this question I think the important thing that I approve the fire whether or not small.If I find a small fire in E/R, I will extinguish the fire first.18.What action will you take if you find your ship spilling oil?
If I find our ship spilling oil, I will call C/E to the scene and start the muster lists for vessel.19.What precaution will you take when you do the special work(Hot work, Enter a enclosed
space)?
Hot work: We will check the scene whether or not safety and whether or not ready for extinguish equipments.We will wear work clothes and the protect gloves.Enter an enclosed space: We will pass the enough air first and must be have enough lighting.Assign a man look after the enter man at the enter space and ready for some emergency equipments.The enter man must be know contact signal and the way of run for its life.20.What is PSC/FSC/ISPS?
PSC: Port state control.FSC: Flag state control.ISPS: International safety port of ship.
第二篇：轮机英语
轮机英语
8001：无限航区750 kW及以上船舶轮机长 8002：无限航区750 kW及以上船舶大管轮 考 试 大 纲 1 船舶主推进装置 1.1 船舶动力装置概述 1.1.1 船舶动力装置的组成 1.1.2 船舶动力装置的类型 1.2 船舶柴油机装置 1.2.1 基本特性指标 1.2.2 船舶柴油机的工作原理和基本结构 1.2.3 船舶柴油机燃油系统 1.2.4 船舶柴油机滑油系统 1.2.5 船舶柴油机冷却水系统 1.2.6 船舶柴油机起动空气系统 1.2.7 船舶柴油机的操纵系统和控制系统 1.2.8 船舶柴油机的运行管理 1.2.9 船舶柴油机的故障分析和排除 1.2.10 现代船舶柴油机的结构特点 1.3 船舶推进装置 1.3.1 推进装置的传动方式 1.3.2 传动轴系的布置和结构 1.3.3 定距桨和调距桨装置 1.3.4 船舶在各种航行条件下的工况管理 1.3.5 推进装置的管理
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8003：无限航区750kW及以上船舶二/三管轮 适 用 对 象 8001 8002 8003
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2 船舶辅助机械 2.1 船用锅炉 2.1.1 船用锅炉的类型 2.1.2 典型船用锅炉的结构特点 2.1.3 船用锅炉的运行管理 2.1.4 船用锅炉的故障分析和排除 2.2 船用泵 2.2.1 船用泵类型 2.2.2 常见船用泵的工作原理和结构特点 2.2.3 船舶通用泵系的布置原则和特点 2.2.4 常见船用泵的运行管理和故障排除 2.3 船舶制冷和空调装置 2.3.1 制冷原理和制冷循环 2.3.2 船舶制冷系统的组成及主要设备 2.3.3 船舶空调系统的组成及主要设备 2.3.4 船舶制冷装置的运行管理 2.3.5 船舶空调装置的运行管理 2.3.6 船舶制冷装置的故障分析和排除 2.3.7 船舶空调装置的故障分析和排除 2.4 船舶防污染设备 2.4.1 油水分离器的工作原理及运行管理 2.4.2 焚烧炉的工作原理及运行管理 2.4.3 生活污水处理装置的工作原理及运行管理 2.5 分油机、空压机和海水淡化装置 2.5.1 分油机的工作原理及运行管理 2.5.2 分油机的故障分析和排除 2.5.3 空压机的工作原理及运行管理
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2.5.4 空压机的故障分析和排除 2.5.5 海水淡化原理 2.5.6 海水淡化装置的主要设备和运行管理 2.6 船舶甲板机械 2.6.1 液压泵、控制阀件和油马达的结构特点 2.6.2 起货机的结构特点及其故障分析和排除 2.6.3 锚机的结构特点及其故障分析和排除 2.6.4 绞缆机的结构特点及其故障分析和排除 2.6.5 舵机的工作原理及结构特点 2.6.6 舵机的故障分析和排除 2.6.7 液压系统管理 3 船舶电气和自动化 3.1 船用发电机 3.1.1 船用发电机的结构特点 3.1.2 船用发电机
的并车和解列 3.1.3 船用应急发电机 3.2 船用配电板 3.2.1 主配电板的组成 3.2.2 应急配电板 3.2.3 配电箱 3.3 船舶电气设备 3.3.1 船舶电气设备 3.3.2 电气控制设备 3.3.3 电气设备运行管理 3.4 船舶自动化 3.4.1 自动控制基本原理 3.4.2 自动控制仪表
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3.4.3 典型的自动控制系统 3.4.4 集中监视和报警系统 3.4.5 无人机舱的基本涵义及功能要求 3.4.6 船舶计算机网络基础 4 船舶轮机管理业务 4.1 操作规程 4.1.1 备车 4.1.2 巡回检查 4.1.3 完车 4.2 安全管理知识 4.2.1 轮机部操作安全注意事项 4.2.2 船舶防火防爆的措施及守则 4.2.3 机舱应急设备的使用及管理 4.2.4 船员个人安全知识 4.3 油料、物料和备件的管理 4.3.1 燃油的管理 4.3.2 润滑油的管理 4.3.3 物料和备件的管理 4.4 船舶修理和检验 4.4.1 修理的类别 4.4.2 轮机坞修工程 4.4.3 试验与试航 4.4.4 船舶检验的类别与作用 4.4.5 轮机设备检验证书 4.5 防污染管理及PSC检查 4.5.1 海洋环境保护知识 4.5.2 《油类记录簿》与IOPP证书的管理
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4.5.3 PSC检查中的明显理由与更详细检查 4.5.4 PSC检查报告和缺陷的纠正 4.6 机舱资源管理的基本知识 5 国际公约、规则 5.1 STCW公约 5.1.1 轮机值班的基本原则 5.1.2 轮机员的基本职责和道德 5.1.3 驾机联系制度 5.2 MARPOL公约 5.2.1 MARPOL公约中有关污染物的排放规则 5.2.2 有关国家、港口的防污染规则 5.3 SOLAS公约 5.3.1 SOLAS公约的基本精神和基本原则 5.3.2 SOLAS公约的主要内容 5.3.3 SIM规则 5.3.4 ISPS规则简介 5.4 ILO公约及其他公约和规则 5.4.1 ILO公约 5.4.2 其他最新公约和规则 6 轮机业务书写 6.1 轮机日志与油类记录簿 6.1.1 填入轮机日志的主要内容 6.1.2 正确书写轮机日志 6.1.3 正确填写油类记录簿 6.2 修理单 6.2.1 修理单的种类 6.2.2 正确书写修理单
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6.3 备件、物料订购单 6.3.1 一般格式 6.3.2 正确书写订购单 6.4 事故报告 6.4.1 事故报告应包涵的内容 6.4.2 正确书写事故报告 6.5 工作报告、信函、传真及电子邮件 6.5.1 航次报告 6.5.2 保修和索赔报告 6.5.3 信函、传真及电子邮件 6.6 正确书写轮机关键设备的操作规程
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第三篇：轮机英语词汇表
轮机英语词汇表
A============ ============= Abrasive 有磨蚀的
Absolute 绝对的 Obsolete作废的，陈旧的 Additive 添加剂 Adjacent 邻近的
Accommodation 住舱 Actuate 开动，促使
Actuator 驱动器，执行器 Aeration 充气，曝气
Aerobic 需（好）氧的 Anaerobic厌（不需）氧的
Aftermost 最后面的，最靠近船尾的 Agitation 搅动
Aid 帮助，助手 Aid in(doing):有助于 Airborne 空运的，飞行的
Anchorage 锚地，抛锚;安装，固定 Ancillary 辅助的 Angular 有角的 Annal 一年一次的
Anneal 退火 Temper回火；harden淬火 Alkalinity 碱度，碱性 Acidic酸的 Alleyway 走廊，胡同 Alloy 合金 Alongside 停靠
alternator 交流发电机 Amend 修正，修改 Amplifier 放大器 Annex 附件，附则 Annular 环形的 Aperture 孔，洞
Apparent 外观上的，显然的 Applicable 应用的，使用的 Apron 围裙 Armature 电枢 Articulate 连接 Asphaltene 沥青 Aspirate 吸入，吸出 Assembly* 组件，组装 Assembly* 大会，集会 Assess 评价，评定
Associated 相关的，关联的 Concerning:有关的，关于…的，relevant:有关的 Assumption 假定，设想，前提 Astern 在船尾
Atomize 将。。喷成雾状 Atomized 雾化的
Attachment 连接，固定
Attemperator 保温装置，保温器 Audit 审计，查账
Auxiliary 辅助的 Luxurious奢侈的 Axial 轴向 Radial径向 Axis 轴，轴线
A sealing agent 密封剂
Abandon ship drills 弃船演习六长一短 Absorbent material 吸附材料 Air lock 气塞
Ambient temperature 周围温度
Animal oil 动物油 Vegetable oil植物油 Artificial respiration 人工呼吸 Associated equipment 相关设备 At present 目前
Automatic sprinkler 自动喷淋
Average voltage平均值电压 Peak voltage 峰值电压 Axial clearance 天地间隙
B ============ ============= Babbitt 巴氏合金 Ballard 系缆桩 Bareboat 空船的 Barrel 桶，套桶 Barrier 界限，障碍 Battery 蓄电池 Bedplate 机座
Bellows 波纹管，振动膜盒 Beneath 在。。下 Bent 弯曲，弯的 Berth 停泊
Bevel 斜角，使成斜角 Biocide 杀虫剂，除草剂 Biological 生物的 Blackout 断电 Blanket 羊毛毯 Blast 一阵，一股 Blemish 污点，缺陷 Blister 气泡 Boiler 锅炉 Bollard 系船柱 Boss* 活塞销座孔 Boss* 浆，毂 Bow 船头 Bowl 分离筒 Bridge 轴承盖 Bristle 硬毛
Brittle 硬而易碎的，脆弱的 Brushgear 电刷机构 Brownish 褐色的 Bubble（气）泡 Bucket 桶
Buffer 缓冲器，储存装置 Bulge 凸出，飘曲
Bulkhead（船或飞机）舱壁，（车厢的）间壁
Bunk 油舱 Bunker 燃料舱 Buoy 救生圈 Burette 滴定管 Buoyancy 浮力
Buoyant 能浮的，有浮力的 Butt 端，端部
Back flush 反向冲洗，回洗 Base circle 基圆
Be conditioned to习惯于
Be essential for 对…至关重要
Be in a state of immediate readiness 处于随时可用状态
Be responsible for+n 对…负责 Be responsible to+v 对…负责 Be subject to 受支配于，从属于 Blind-flange 盲板
Blow-off of the relief valve安全阀的起跳 Booster-pump 增压泵
Bottom dead center 下死点 BDC Box up 组装
Branch pipe 支管
Bridge control system 驾驶台控制系统 Bridge gauge 桥规
Built-in 内装的，机内的，固定的 Bunk card 床头卡 Bursting cap 防爆帽
Bursting pressure 破坏性压力 Bus-bar 汇流排
Bus transfer 主送电器
By trail and error 用试凑法
BIG 液化气船 Bulk liquids and gases BOD 生化需氧量
By means of 通过…，用… By use of 利用 =make use of C =============== ============= Cage 阀腔 Calcium 钙
Calorific 热量的，发热的
Canopy（小艇）天篷，盖；遮盖，罩盖 Capacitor 电容 Capacity 容器，容积；能力，理解力；资格，性能
Capillary 毛细管的
Cardboard 薄纸板，卡纸
Cascade 小瀑布，像瀑布般落下 Casing 箱，壳体 Casting铸件 Casserole 器皿，烧杯 Casting 铸件 Catalyst 催化剂 Catalytic 催化的 Catchplate 捕集板 Caulk(=calk)嵌入 Caustic 有腐蚀性的 Cavitation 气穴，气蚀 Ceramic 陶器的，制陶的
Centrifugal 离心力 Centripetal:向心力 Chamber 腔，室 Chamfer 倒角 Charcoal 木炭
Charter 租船者，租家 Chloride 氯化物 Chock 侧块，楔型块 Chrome 络
Chromium 镀络
Chronic 长期的，持续长时间的 Chronological 按年代顺序排列的 Chute（斜，滑）槽 Circlip 卡簧
Clamp 夹钳，夹住
Clarifier 分杂机 Purifier分水机 Cleanse 清洗 Climatic 气候的，天气的 Clog 堵塞
Coalesence 聚合，聚结
Coalescer 聚合器，聚合元件 Collapse 断裂，凹陷 Coefficient 系数 Collar* 环，突缘 Collar* 环，颈圈 Column 架
Combustion 燃烧 Commence 开始
Commutation 换向，整流 Compartment 舱室
Competency 资格，能力
Competent 有能力的，能胜任的 Component 部件
Composite 混合的，复合的 Concentric 同中心的
Conduction 传导 Convection:对流；radiation:辐射 Conduit 管道
Configuration 结构，布置 Congeal 使液体冻结，使…凝结 Congest 拥挤，密集 Conical 锥形的
Consecutive 连续的，连贯的 Constrain 约束，抑制 Consultation 协商
Contingency 偶然（意外）事故 Contrive 设计，设法 Conversant 熟悉的 Coolant 冷却剂
Copious 丰饶的，多产的，大量的 Corrugation 成皱，起皱
Counter 柜台；背道而驰的，相反的 Counteract 克服
Counterbalance 使平衡，使抵消 Crankcase 曲轴箱 Crankshaft 曲轴 Crankweb 曲柄臂
Crash 紧急的，应急的 Crossbar 横木，横杆 Crush 压碎 Crystal 水晶 Current 电流
Cushion 垫子，弹性物，缓冲物 Cable lift 锚链轮
Cargo handling equipment装卸货设备 Carrier ring 承磨环
Cascade control 级联控制，主从控制 Cast iron 铸铁 Fabricated steel锻钢 Center line 中心线 Chain locker 锚链舱
Chain transmission 链条传动（机构）Change-over valve 转换阀
Closed loop 闭环 Open loop开环 Cocktailshaker 鸡尾震荡 Collision avoidance 避碰
Commutator 整流子，换向器
Commensurate with 与。。相应 Conductivity monitor Confine to 限制，局限于
Constant pressure system定压系统 <相对>pulsesystem脉冲系统 Contact with 与。。接触 Correspond to 与。。一致 Corrosive action 腐蚀作用 Counterweight平衡重
Coupling guard 联轴节保护罩 COW 原油洗舱 Crude oil washing Crankshaft deflection 拐当差
Cross flow 横流交叉扫气：进气直接向上去，废气下移并从气缸另一端排出
Loop flow 回流回流扫气：进气从活塞头部经过，然后向上升至气缸头，在气体下移时废气被迫从位于进气上面的排气口排出uniflow 直流直流扫气：气体从气缸底部进入，废气被迫从上面排出 Critical speed 临界速度
Crosshead guide 十字头导板 Crosshead shoe 十字头滑块 Crow bar 撬杠 Crow:乌鸦 CTR 转数计读数
Cut-off lever 追随杆，反馈杆
D ============= ============ Damp 湿气，潮湿的 Damper 风门
Deaerate 从（液体）中去气 Defective 有缺陷的
Deficiency 缺陷，缺乏，不足 Dehydration 脱水
Demister 除水器，除雾器 Demonstrate 证明，示范
Densimeter 密度计，比重计 Saliometer:盐液密度计；viscometer:粘度计 Deploy 散开，部署 Deposit 沉淀，淤积 Depressurize 减压
Derivative 引出的，转来的 Derrick 吊杆 Desiccant 干燥剂
Detention 滞留，扣留 Detract 降低，损伤
Detrimental 有害的，不利的 Detritus 磨屑 Diagonal 对角的 Diameter 直径
Diaphram 膜片，隔板 Dieselite 柴油助燃剂 Diffuser 扩压器 Digest 消化
Dilute 稀释的，淡的 Dimension 尺寸
Diminish 减少，缩小
Diode 两极真空管，半导体整流组件 Dioxide 二氧化物 Monoxide:以氧化物 Dipstick 量油计 Discipline 纪律
Discrepancy 不同，偏差 Dispense 分配，施给，配药 Displace 错位，变位
Displacement 位移，排水量
Disposable 可任意使用的，一次性的 Dissipate 驱散，（使云雾）消散 Distinct 截然不同的 Distributor 分配器
Division 分开，分配；部分，部门 Domain 知识领域，产业 Don 穿上，戴上，披上 Donkey 辅助的
Dowel 销钉 Dowel pin Downcomer 下降管 Draught 强行通风 Dribble 滴下 Drill 钻孔 Droplet 水滴 Drum 鼓 Duct 管道 Duly 适当的 Dump 倾斜，门
Dunnage（防止货物碰撞的）衬板，衬料Duplex 双联的，双倍的 Dam ring 阻水环
Deck machinery 甲板设备
Delta formation 三角形接法 Star formation星形接法
Designed lub.Oil 指定品牌的滑油 Destination port 目的港
Differential relay 差动变送器 Distilled water 蒸馏水
Distribution board 分电板，分电箱 Dog clutch 牙嵌离合器 Dowel pin 定位销
Drilling Supervisor 钻井总监
Drilled passage 内部钻的管道 Dry powder 干粉
Dual purpose plus 双效添加剂
Dynamically balance 动力平衡 Statically balance:静态平衡
E ============= ============= Economizer 省油器，节能器 Edgewise 沿边的，边对边的 Enfore 贯彻，执行 Elastic 弹性的
Electrode 电极，焊条 Electrolysis 电解
Electromagnet 电磁铁
Elevation 高度，海拔；戳升，高超 Elliptical 椭圆形的 Emanate 散发，放射
Embrittle 使（金属）变脆 Emulsion 乳化液
Encrustation 结壳，外层，外壳 Entablature 支柱，机架 Encounter 遭遇，遇到 Endwise 在端部 Entity 实体，本质 Entrain 吸入 Equilibrium平衡
Erratic 不移动的，不确定的 Estimate 估计，评价 Etch 蚀刻，蚀镂 Evacuate 排出，消除 Exciter 励磁机
Execution 实施，执行 Exert 施加
Exhaust 排出，耗尽；排气，废气
Explosion 爆炸 Implosion:内爆，向内爆炸 Extensive 广阔的，广泛的 External 外部的
Extinguish 熄灭，扑灭 Extraction 提取物，提出物 e.p.agents 抗浮华剂 Escape route 逃跑路线 Exhaust open EO Exhaust valve closure EVC Exhaust valve open EVO ETA 预计到港时间 ETD 预计离港时间 Explosive air 爆炸气体 Explosive limit 爆炸极限
F ============== ============== Facility 设备 Faint 微弱的
Fatigue 疲劳，劳累 Feeler 塞尺
Fillet* 焊缝，痕迹 Fillet* 填角料，焊角 Fine 细小的，好的 Fin 鳍，鱼翅
Finned 有鳍的，有鳍状物的 Fitting 附件，配件 Flaw 裂纹，破裂
Floc 絮状物，絮状沉淀
Flotation 漂浮，（物）浮力 Fluctuate 起伏，波动，不定 Flue 烟道
Fluorescence 荧光
Fraction 部分，（数）分数 Fracture 破裂，裂缝 Frame 机架 Fray 磨损
Freeboard（船的）干舷，(自吃水线至甲板间的船舷)Fret 磨损
Foodstuff 食品
Forecastle 前甲板，船楼 Forge 锻造
Formulate 配制 Foul 弄脏 Funnel 烟囱
Furnace 炉子，炉膛 Fusible 易熔的
Fabricated steel 锻钢 Face shield 面罩
Fail-safe 有故障保护的 Fall off 下降，减少，变坏 Fan belt 风机传动带 Fire drills 消防演习
Fixed centre type 固定中心式
Fixed pitch propeller 定距浆 Variable pitch propeller变距浆 Flame trap 阻焰器
Flammable gas 可燃（易燃）气体
Flared ends of copper pipes铜管的扩口端 Flash off 闪发
Floorplate 地板，楼板，防滑铁板 Flywheel 飞轮
Fore and aft movement 前后移动 F=9/5*℃+32 华氏度与摄氏度的转换 G ============= ============= Gallery 坑道
Galley（舰船）厨台
Galvanic 产生电流的，被电击的 Galvanometer 电流计 Gasification 汽化
Generous 丰富的，充分的 Girder 梁，框架 Gland 密封（压盖）Glasspaper 玻璃砂纸
Goggle n.瞪眼，睁开大眼；pl护目镜，潜水镜
Governor 调速器 =speed regulator
Graduated 刻度的 Greyish 浅灰色的 Groove 槽，沟
Growler 短路线圈测量仪
Gudgeon 耳轴 Gudgeon pin轴销，十字头销，活塞销
Gummy 树胶质的，粘性的 Garbage disposal 垃圾处理
Governor booster 调速器升压器 Graduated cylinder 量筒 Gravity disc 重力环
Greaseproof paper 防护油纸 Guarantee period 保修期
Gudgeon pin 轴销，十字头销，活塞销 Guide way 导板
H ============= ============ Harden 淬火，硬化 Haul 拖，绞 Haze 薄雾
Hazy 朦胧的，烟雾弥漫的 Header 联箱 Helm 舵 Helmsman 舵手 Helical 螺旋状的 Helicopter 直升机 Helix 螺旋，螺旋物 Hemispherical 半球形的 Hermetic 密封的，不透气的 Hexagon 六角形 Hone 磨石，磨刀石
Hopper 带支架的观察（镜，标）Sight glass Hood 罩，盖，帽 Hook 吊钩
Hue 色彩，色调 Hull 船体 Hunting 振荡
Hydrant 消防栓 Fire hydrant Hydraulic 液压的
Hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物 Hydroxide 氢氧化物
Hygienic 卫生的，保健的，清洁的 Hatch cover 舱盖 Heat-resistant 耐热的 Heating coil 加热盘管 Hook up 用钩子钩住 Hunting gear 追随机构 Hydraulic test 水压试验
I ============ ============= Imminent 即将发生的 Impart 给予
Impedance（物理）阻抗 Impinge* 射到
Impinge* 撞击，烧燎 Impingement 冲击，碰撞 Implement 执行，实现 Impracticable 不可行的 Impulse 刺激，冲动
Inboard 舷内的，在（向）舷内 Outboard舷外的，在（向）舷外
Incandescent 遇光发热的，白炽的 Inch 渐渐移动 Incinerate 焚烧 Incur 招致，惹起 Index 转动位置
Inductive 诱导的，归纳的；（电）感应的，电感的 Inductor 电感线圈，感应器 Inertia 惯性 Infiltration 渗透 Infrared 红外线的 Inherit 继承，遗传
Inhibitor 防锈剂，缓蚀剂 Injector 喷油器
Innocuous 无害（毒）的
Inoperative 不起作用的，不活动的 Inquisition 调查，查询 Instigate 激起
Instruction 指示；指令
Instrumentation 测量器，仪器，仪表
Integral 积分（的）Derivative微分（的）；proportional:比例的
Intended 预期的，希望的
Interchangeable 可交换的，可互换的 Interdependent 相互依赖的 Interface 分界面 Interlock 连锁
Interpose* 放入，插入
Interpose* 置于。。中间 Interpose* 提出
Intrinsically 固有的，本质的 Inventory 存货（清单），目录
Inverse 逆的，相反地 Reserse:颠倒的，相反的
Invert 翻转，倒装 Ionize 使离子化
Irreparable 无法挽救的，不能修补的 Irrespective 不顾的，不考虑的It must be done,irrespective of cost Isostatic 均衡的 i.e 即，就是 =that is If necessary 如果有必要的话 If permissible 如果允许的话 Ignition point 燃点
In accordance with 根据。。
In case such oil is not available 如果没有这种油
In line 成行，直列 In pairs 成对的 In port 到港
In the event of An overspeed safety device is usually fitted to a generator engine for cutting power off the engine in theevent of overspeed.In the presence of 在…存在的情况下 In turn 依次，轮流 Indicator cock 示功阀 Individual unit 单体式 Injection pump 喷油泵 Inlet open IO Inlet valve closure IVC Inlet valve open IVO Inner dead center IDC Intermediate shaft 中间轴 Intermediate port 中途港 Iron-plating 镀铁
IMCO 国际海事协调组织 International maritime consultative organization IOPP 国际防止油污证书 International oil pollution prevention certificate IMO 国际海事组织 International maritime organization J =========== =========== Jackbolt（液压）撑杆螺栓 Jacket 夹层，水套 Jet 射流，喷嘴 Jib 吊臂，悬臂 Joint 接合，接头 Journal* 轴颈
Journal*（航海）日志
K ============= ========== Keep pace with 与…同步 Knocking noise 敲击声
L ============ ============ Labyrinth 迷宫
Lacquer 漆，用漆涂 Lag 包绕外层防护套
Lagging 滞后 Leading超前 Lap 重叠围住，包围 Lapse 推移，间隔 Layer 层
Layout 布置，设计 Configuration结构，布置
Lead 铅
Leeward 在下风方向的 Windward:在上风方向的
Lethal 致命的，死亡的 Liberate 释放 Lime 石灰 Linen 亚麻布
Liner（气缸）衬套 Lining 衬里，衬套 Linkage 连接
Lobe 分成弧段 Multi-lobe多段曲线段 Log 记录
Logger 电子自动记录器 Longitudinal 纵向的
Lounge 闲逛，懒散的混日子；休息室，吸烟室
Luff 变幅
Lantern ring 套环 Lead wire 铅丝 Lifeboat 救生艇 Life buoy 救生圈 Life jacket 救生衣 Liferaft 救生筏
Life-saving appliance 救生设备 Light off 点火
Lignum vitae 铁梨木
Liquid-hammering 液击液击 Loop flow 回流
Loop scavenge 回流扫气 Uniflow scavenge 直流扫气 Lub.Oil of different brand name 不同品牌的滑油 Lubricating stud 注油塞
M ============= ============= Maladjusted 调整不当的 Malfunction 故障
Mandatory 命令的，强制性的 Mandatary:受委托的人，受托者 Manometer 压力计 Manufacture 制造 Manifold 总管
Mask 口罩 =respirator Maximum 最大值
Megger 高阻表，绝缘测量表 Mercury 水银，汞 Mesh 啮合 Methane 甲烷，沼气 Mica 云母
Micrometer 千分尺 Milli-千分之一 Micro-:百万分之一； nano-:十亿分之一 Mineral 矿物的 Minimum 最小值 Miscible 易混合的
Mishap 意外事故，损坏 Mist 薄雾
Molecule 分子，微粒 Mono 单声道的
Monoxide 一氧化物 Dioxide:二氧化物 Moral 道德
Mordant 媒染剂 Mounting 附件
Muster 集合，召集；清单，花名册 Machine-turned 车削的，车制的 Machinery space 机舱
Manhole 人孔门 Sighthole观察孔； mudhole泥渣孔 Master controller 主控制器 Salve controller副（从属）控制器 Master valve 主阀
MCR 主控制室 main control room Mechanical efficiency 机械效率 Mechanical seal 机械密封 Melting point 熔点
Meter-pump 计量泵 =metering pump Micrometer 千分尺 Mooring drum 绞缆筒 Motorship 内燃机船 Moving parts 运动部件 Multi-lobe 多段曲线段 Multi-throw 多拐的 Muster list 点名册
MEPC 海事环境保护协调会Maritime Environmental protection commuttee M.E.P平均有效压力 Mean effective pressure MSDS Material safety data sheet N ============ ============== Nameplate 铭牌 Nap 小睡，打盹
Nautical 航海的，海上的 Nervous 神经的 Neutralize 中和 Nip 压隙
Nitrate 硝酸盐 Nozzle 喷嘴
Needle bearing 滚针轴承 Sleeve bearing:套筒轴承；roller bearing:滚珠轴承；sliding bearing:滑动轴承
NORM
Naturally occurring radioactive material NPSH
Net positive suction head O ============= ============== Obsolete 废弃的，过时的 Obstruct 阻塞，阻碍 Occupant 居住者 Odorless 无气味的
Ogee 弯曲，S形（垫片）Oscillating 振动，振荡，摆动 Oscilloscope 示波器
Outage（自来水，电力，燃气）断供期 Outfit 配备，提供必需的装备 Outweigh 超过，优于 Overboard 向舷外 Overcharge 装载过多
Overhaul 大修，彻底检修 Override 超越，忽略 Overshoot 超过，超越 Oxidation 氧化
Occupied area 居住区
Oil distributor ring 刮油环 Scraper ring Oil moist detection 油雾探测器 Oil Record Book 《油类记录薄》 Oil vapour 油气
Oil-soluble 油溶性的 On board ship 在船上
On the part of 在。。方面，就。。而言
Operating log 运转纪录 Other than 与…不同，除了
Out of commission 不能使用，停用 Overpressure 超压OIM
Offshore installation manager P ============= ============= Pad 衬垫，加上衬垫 Paraffin 石蜡 Particulate 微粒
Pawl（防止齿轮逆转的）擎子，止动器 Pedestal 底座，支架 Penetrant 渗透剂
Perforate 穿（钻，冲）孔 Periphery 外围，周边 Persistent 持久稳固的 Petroleum 石油
Philosophy 哲学，人生观
Pier（与岸垂直的）码头Quay：（与岸并行的）码头；wharf/jetty:码头 Pinion 齿轮，齿套；小齿轮 Pintle 枢轴
Piston 活塞 Position Pitch 螺距
Pivot 装枢轴于，在枢轴上转动 Plunger 柱塞 Pocket 窝，腔 Pointer 指针 Polarity 极性
Pollution 污染 Popularity:普及，流行 Polyphase（电子）多相的 Porous 多孔的，能渗透的 Porthole 舷窗 Portion 部分 Poppet 提升
Position 位置，职位；安装，放置
Precipitate 使沉淀，沉淀物 Precipitation沉淀
Preclude 排除 Preload 预紧力
Prescribed 规定的，指定的 Pricker 探针，锥子 Promulgate 发布，公布 Prop 支撑，维持
Proportional 成比例的 Protrude 凸出
Provision 装置，措施 Prudent 谨慎的
Punch 打孔机，冲压机 Purchase 滑轮组 Purge 吹除，驱气 Purifier 分水机 Purple 紫色
Pushbottom 按钮 Pyrometer 高温计
Pyrotechnics（烟火）信号弹 Passenger ship 客船
Parallel operation 并车操作 Per unit time 每单位时间
Periodic maintenance 周期维护 Regular maintenance定期维护 Person in charge 负责人 Photoeletric cell 光电元件
Play an important in(doing)在…中起很大的作用
Point-of-use 使用点
Pollution prevention equipmet防污染设备 Power factor 功率因数 Pre-set 预设的
Predetermined level 预先设定的水位 Preservative grease 防护油 Pressure drop 压降 Pressure-volume graph 压力-体积曲线图 Pre-stress 预紧力 Prime mover 原动机
Production Superintendent 生产监督 Protective device 保护装置
PSCO PSC官员 Port state control officer Pulsed current 脉冲电流
Pump out bilge water 把舱底水泵出 Q ============= ============== Quayside 码头区，码头 Quill 注油针
Quick-closing valve 快关阀
R ============= ============= Rack 调节杆（齿条）Rail（共用）干线通道 Ram 撞杆
Reative 反动的，电抗的 Recess 凹槽，凹座，Reciprocal 相互的，互补的；（数）倒数 Reciprocating 往复的
Rectifier 改正者，矫正者；（电子）整流器 Recondition 修理，使复原 Reddish 发红的，红色的 Refinery 炼油厂
Refractory 耐火的，耐热的 Refrigerant 制冷剂 Register 调风门 Reliability 可靠性 Relieve 换班
Remedial 修正的，校正的
Remedy 排除(方法)，补救（措施）Render 绞上，拖
Representative 代表，代理人 Reservoir 容器
residual 剩余的，残留的 Residue 残渣，残留物 Resistor 电阻，电阻器 Resolve 恢复 Resonance 共振
Resonant 深沉的，洪亮的；共鸣的 Restricted 受限制的，狭窄的 Retain 保持，保留 Retard 阻碍，防止 Retraction 缩回，缩进 Reversible 可倒转的，可换向的Reversal.(名)反向，变换 Revolve 旋转 Ridge 凸起
Rig 索具，装置 Rim 边缘，凸起 Rivet 铆钉
Robust 坚固的，结实的 Rocker 摇，臂杆 Rotary 旋转的 Rudder 舵叶 Rupture 破裂
Raising steam 升汽 Read out 读数
Reception facility 接收设备 Reduction gear box 减速齿轮箱 Regardless of 不管，不顾 Relative motion 相对运动 Relief valve 安全阀，溢流阀 Reject to 丢弃，排向。。Required value Reserve tank 备用舱 Reverse power protection逆功率保护 Rubber gloves 胶手套
Run-in [机]（发动机）试车；[名]争吵 Run in 跑进；顺便探访；插入；试车 S ============ ============= Sag 压陷，下垂 Salinity 盐度
Salvage（在灾难）抢救，救援 Sandpaper 砂纸
Scanty 缺乏的，欠缺的 Saturated 饱和的 Sawdust 锯屑
Scavenge 扫除，吹除 Score 划痕
Scraper 刮子，刮油器 Scum 泡沫，浮渣 Scupper 甲板排水孔 Seafarer 海员，船员 Sealant 密封剂 Seam 焊缝
Seaworthy 适于航海的，经得起风浪的 Secure 固定
Sediment 沉淀物 Segment 段，块 Segregate 隔离 Seizure 抓住，咬缸 Series 串激 Shunt并激
Servomotor 伺服器，伺服马达 Sewage 下水道里的污物 Shade 色调
Shaker 振荡器，摇杆 Shim 垫片，调整片 Shoe 滑块，滑靴
Shunt 错开，调车；（电）分路，分流器 Shutter 百叶窗；相机快门 Silica 二氧化硅
Simultaneous 同时的，同时发生的 Sinter 使烧结，烧结物 Siphon 虹吸管，吸水管 Shrink 红套
Shroud 遮蔽，隐藏 Skid 刹车，制轮器 Slack 松弛的 Slant 倾斜，使倾斜 Slew 旋转
Slippage 滑移，滑动 Slipring 滑环 Sloping 倾斜的
Slopped 溅湿的，泼脏的 Slot 开口，槽 Slug 猛击，重击
Sluggish 不灵活的，迟滞 Sluice 水门，排水道，泄洪道 Smolder 闷燃，潜伏，冒烟 Smother 窒息，熄灭 Smug 凸起，突齿
Snug 温暖的，舒适的，整齐的 Soak 浸泡 Sodium 钠
Solder 低温焊，堆焊 Solenoid 螺线管 Solvent 溶剂
Spool 线轴，卷轴 Spill 溢流
Spin 自转，空转 Spindle 心轴，细长杆（轴）Splash 飞溅
Spongy 海绵状的，多孔的 Spontaneous 自然的，自发的 Spray 喷雾，（水，油）雾 Sprinkler 洒水车，洒水装置 Squirrel 松鼠 Squirt 喷出
Stabilizer 减摇装置 Stain 玷污，污点
Stall（发动机）因动力不足而停转 Stationary 固定的 Steam 水蒸气 Steeply 险峻的 Stiff 硬的 Stir 搅动
Stock 舵柱，舵杆
Statutory 法令的，法规的 Straw 稻草，草帽 Streak 条纹，条痕 Stress 应力
Stretcher 担架员 String 细绳，袋子；连成一串，排成一行 Stringent 严格的，严厉的
Stroke 冲程，行程 Four-stroke diesel engine Stud 双头螺栓 Bolt:螺钉；nut:螺丝帽 Stuff 乏味的
Stuffiness 不通风的，闷热 Stuffing 填料箱
Subsequent 后来的，并发的 Substantial 坚固的 Substitute 代替
Sufficient 足够的，充足的 Suffocation 窒闷，窒息 Suitable 恰当的，合适的 Sulfide 硫化物 Supercharge 增压 Surge* 喘振
Surge* 起伏，波动
Surmount 安在。。顶上 Sustain 持续，支撑 Swash 倾斜盘
Swirler 旋流器，涡旋式喷嘴 Switchboard 配电板（盘）Symmetrically 对称的 Symptom 症状，结伴 Synopsis 大意，概要
Sacrificial zinc anode 牺牲锌极保护法 Sample cell 感受元件
Scavenging air box 扫气箱 Scavenging air port 扫气口 Scraper ring 刮油环 Sealing ring 密封环
Self-cleaning 自动清洗，自动排渣
Self-contained 自带的，整装的，机内的 Self-regulate 自动调节 Semi-built 半总成式的 Sensible heat 显热
Service space 公共场所 Set point 设点
Shell-and-tube condenser壳管式冷凝器 Shore power 岸电
SMS 安全管理体系 Safety-management system
Solenoid operated three-way valve电子控制的三位阀
Soot blower 吹灰器
Spare parts and the stores备件和物料 Special tool provided 提供的专用工具 Speed-sensing device 速度感应装置 Split rang control 分区（级）控制 Spur gear 正齿轮 Spurling pipe 锚链管 Stainless steel 不锈钢 Steering gear 舵机 Stream ship 蒸汽机船
Sub-board 分区（区域）配电板 Surface tension 表面张力
Switch off and lock off the main switch断电并锁定电源总闸
Synthetic rubber 合成橡胶
T =============== =============== Tailshaft 尾轴 Sterntube尾轴管 Tandem 一前一后的，纵列的 Tangential 无关的
Tappet 挺杆，凸子，顶头 Tarry 焦油的，煤胶质 Tedious 单调乏味的 Telegraph* 车钟 Telegraph* 电报 Telemeter 测距仪
Telltale 监视装置，起监视作用的 Tensile 张力的，拉力的 Tension 张力
Tentative 实验性的，暂定的 Terminology 术语 Thermocouple 热电偶 Thermodynamic 热力学的 Thermostat 温度调节器 Throttle* 节流，调节 Throttle* 使窒息，阻塞
Throughflow 进流量，贯穿气流 Throughput 通流量 Tiller 舵柄 Tin 锡
Tip 头，端，喷嘴头 Titrate 滴定
Torque 转矩，扭矩 Torsional 扭转的 Toxic（中，有）毒的 Trace 查找，寻找 Train 轮系
Transducer 转送器，发送器 Transverse 横向的 Trap 挡板，收集器 Trickle 滴，细流
Troubleshoot 检修，对…进行调停 Trumpet 喇叭
Trunk 筒形的，箱形的 Tubular 管状的 Tundish 漏斗 Turbidity 混浊 Tap-bolt 锥体螺栓 Tapered face 锥面 Telescopic pipe 伸缩管
The designated person in charge 被指定负责的人
The engineer officer in charge of the watch The officer in charge of the engineering watch should hand over the watch to the relieving officer The service valve 多用阀
The speed change of the prime mover must be taken into account 原动机速度的变化必须考虑进去
The worn-out parts 磨损部件 Thermo-cracks 热裂纹 Thermal bulb 感温包
Thermal expansion 热膨胀 Three-ply 三层铆焊
Three-position,four-way valve 三位四通阀 Through-scavenge 直流扫气 To a great extent 在很大程度上 Top dead center 上死点 TDC Top up 加满
Total dissolved solids 总盐度 TDS Trace heating pipe 伴热管 Trial period 试航期间
Tripping device 跳闸开关（装置）Trunk piston type 筒形活塞式 Turning gear 盘车机
TDS 总盐度 Total dissolved solids W ============= ============= Waive 放弃（权利）；拖延，搁置 Warp 卷绕，绞索 Wastage 漏失，耗失 Watchkeeping 值班 Waveform 波形
Windage 风力影响，风力修正量 Winding 绕组
Windlass 锚机Capstan barrel:绞盘卷筒； warping drum:带缆卷筒； chain drum:锚链卷筒；winch barrel:绞车卷筒 Workbench 工作台，作业台 Worm 涡杆
Warp end 卷缆端
Waste heat recovery 废热回收 W．H．R Waterjacket 冷却水套
Wheel house 舵楼，驾驶台 White metal 白合金
Wing pump（手摇）翼式泵 With respect to 关于
U ============ ============
Ullage（商）损耗量。尤指容器内的因泄漏或蒸发而造成的
第四篇：轮机英语 翻译lesson8
第8 课 换气过程
内燃机工作循环的一个基本部分是新鲜空气的进入与废气的排出。这就是换气过程。扫气是指用新鲜空气吹出废气。充气是指将新鲜空气充入气缸以备压缩。
至于增压，是在一定压力下把大量空气吹入气缸。老式柴油机采用“自然换气”—在大 气压下吸入新鲜空气。通过在吸气管和气缸之间采用合适的压气机增加充气密度，使进入每 个工作冲程的空气重量增加，因此可燃烧更多的燃油，相应的，每缸输出功率增加。在大多 数现代柴油机上，采用废气涡轮增压实现空气密度的增加。在涡轮增压装置中，一个由柴油 机排气驱动的涡轮直接和离心压气机相连。无论是四冲程机还是二冲程机均可增压。应当注 意，增压对非增压柴油机而言，并非只是设备的增加。增压柴油机必须能经受所增加的压力 及所产生的热负荷。
对换气过程而言，进入气缸的空气压力高于排气总管的压力十分必要。由于废气涡轮增 压器在低转速下不能提供足够的空气，就二冲程柴油机而言，通常配备一台电动辅助鼓风机。高增压发动机使用串联(多级)涡轮增压。增压后的空气通过冷却来增加空气的密度。涡轮风机或涡轮增压器是在同一根轴相对的两端装废气涡轮和压气机。压气机和涡轮之 间彼此密封。
在新充的新鲜空气被压缩之前，每个气缸充分地驱除废气十分必要，否则新充新鲜空气 将被循环的残余废气污染。而且，若新充空气因与废气混合与热的缸壁及活塞接触而被加热，则循环的温度会毫无必要地增加。
在四冲程柴油机中，从进气阀打开到排气阀关闭，其间有一个适度的重叠。在重叠期间 流过气缸的空气流产生有益的冷却效果。这将有助于增加容积效率，并确保循环温度较低，而且还使作用在涡轮叶片上的废气温度相对较低。而在二冲程柴油机中，这一重叠受到柴油 机设计特点的限制，进排气的轻微混合确实存在。
低速二冲程柴油机有多种不同的扫气方式。无论哪一种都是从向下运动的活塞打开进 气口开始至向上运动的活塞关闭进气口为止。扫气空气的流动线路取决于柴油机气口的形状 设计以及排气布置。通常有三种基本的扫气方式：横流、回流及直流扫气。17
在横流扫气中，进气直接上行，驱赶前面的废气，然后，废气下行，从扫气口排出。在回流扫气中，进气经活塞头上部，朝缸盖方向上行，进气前的废气被迫下行。从位于 进气口上方的排气口排出。
在直流扫气中，进气从气缸下端进入，从顶部排出。气缸顶部的出口可以是排气口，也 可以是大的排气阀。
各种扫气系统各有利弊。横流扫气系统需安装活塞裙以防止当活塞在冲程顶部时(上止 点)空气或废气的逸出。回流扫气的低温进气和高温废气流过临近的气口，会对缸套材料产 生温差问题。直流扫气是最有效的扫气，但需安装对置活塞或在气缸盖上安装排气阀。三种 扫气均使气口成一定的角度，以使进气产生旋转，并引导空气按适当的路线流动。应该强调 的是，对置活塞低速柴油机已不再生产，而在大多数新机型中，均使用顶升排气阀。实际使用中有两种截然不同的增压方法，定压增压和脉冲增压。现在，定压增压被广泛 用于低速二冲程柴油机。目前，尽管定压增压在提高燃油经济性的同时极大地简化了排气管 的布置而被广泛采用，但也曾在一段时间内，几乎所有四冲程柴油机都采用脉冲增压。__
第五篇：轮机工程英语面试材料
1.If you heard very loud noises from the main engine, what should you do?
当你值班时听到主机发出特殊的噪声，你该怎么办？
It depends on the gravity of the problem.If I can manage to solve the problem, I will do it myself.IF I cannot, I will report to the duty engine as soon as possible.2.What is a condenser? Where is it commonly used?
压缩机的作用是什么？
Condenser is auxiliary equipment used for the cooling purpose.Technically speaking, it is an apparatus for converting exhaust steam to water by means of heat transfer.This equipment is commonly used on boiler system.3.Why is it necessary to install a rotary flap valve or check value in a centrifugal pump that discharge to an elevation of more than 10 meters?
This rotary flap value or check value will prevent trapped water from flowing back below the water level and this trapped water will act as priming water which is responsible in building up of suction pressure during restarting.4.In which side of an oil cooler should the pressure be kept heavier, the oil side or the water side? Why?
油冷却器哪边的压力应更大些，油的一边还是水的一边?为什么？
The pressure should be kept heavier at the oil side so that in case of tube failure or fracture, oil will flow with the water thus preventing water from entering the lubricating system.5.What will you do beforehand when overhauling a piston of main engine? What should be done after finishing overhauling of machines?
主机吊缸前该做哪些工作？吊缸后该做哪些工作？
Before any overhauling work, make sure that all tools and spares required are prepared.Special tools should be marked clearly in order to avoid dislocation.A review of the procedures as per instruction manuals should be carried out.Safety or precaution should also be posted in the vicinity in order that persons are warmed of the ongoing activity.After completing the overhaul work, make sure that the area is cleaned and told returned to their respective locations.As much as possible, carry out trials after overhauling to ensure that the equipment is in good working condition.6.What is the purpose of having an equalizer between the fuel oil service and settling tank?
Equalizer provides a means of recalculating the excess fuel from the service tank going back to the settling tank.This is because purifier’s output is higher than Fuel Oil consumption such that Capacity of the service tank is exceeded.7.If the generator blacks out suddenly, what measures do you need to take if you are on duty?值班时，发电机突然停电该怎么办？
I shall stop the main engine first, and inform the bridge and engineer on duty immediately.Then I shall start the standby generator as soon as possible.After the power starts, I shall start the steering gear and pumps first, and then start the main engine.8.How will you deal with the bilge water in the engine room?
如何处理机舱的污水？
I shall follow the instruction of the company and the orders from the C/E and master.Basically speaking, the bilge water in the engine room can never be discharged into the sea directly.When sailing in the sea, the ship can pump bilge into sea after the water is processed in the oil water separator with 15ppm detector.When the ship is in the port, if bilge is too much, it can be
discharged into the onshore with the help of the agent.If bilge water is really too much, it can be pumped into the bilge water hold tank for temporary storage.9.What are the possible reason for abnormal high exhaust temperatures, and abnormal low temperature of the main engine?
柴油机排气温度过高或过低是什么原因？
Abnormal high temperature is possibly caused by overloading, timing delay for injection, leakage in fuel injector or valve and fouling of the fuel injector valves, and low pressure in scavenging.柴油机排气温度过高可能是由于负荷太大、喷油太迟、喷油器和气阀泄露、气口太脏，以及扫气压力太低等原因造成的。
Abnormal low temperature is possibly caused by low loading, early injection, clog in fuel injector, insufficient oil supply, broken spring in the high-pressure oil pump or the dead plunger.柴油机排气温度过低可能是由于负荷过低、喷油太早、喷油器堵塞、油量供应不足、高压油泵弹簧断掉或柱塞卡死等原因造成的。
10.Before standby of the main engine, what preparation work need to be done?
主机备车前应做哪些准备？
Usually, the main engine should be in standby one or two hours before departure.The preparation work may roughly include the following steps:
(1)warming-up of oil fuel, lube oil and engine;
(2)checking the lubricating system’
(3)cooling system preparation, eater level check, warming-up, drainage of water and turning on pumps;
(4)compressed air system preparation;
(5)clock and telegraph check;
(6)turning and running the engine;
(7)testing the engine.开航前一两小时前备车，准备工作包括一下几方面：燃油、润滑油和主机的预热、检查润滑系统、检查冷却系统、检查空气压缩系统、校对始终和车钟、转车和动车，以及试车等。My name isand I am 22.I was born in HaiNan.My major is engineering technology.I have some hobbies such as playing badminton,swimming ,listening to music, seeing western movies and so on.During my school time, I have learned some practical skills and gained some major certificates.Meanwhile, I paid more attention to practising ability by taking part in some activities and associations.I look forward to becoming a member of your company.Thank you!
我的专业是轮机工程。我爱好广泛比如说打羽毛球，游泳，听音乐，看西方电影等等。在我的学习生活中，我掌握了一些实践技能，并且获得一些主要的证书。同时，我也注重能力的培养，我参加了许多活动和社团，提高了自己的交际能力。真诚期盼成为你公司的一员。1.Please briefly introduce yourself(as a deck / engine cadet)to us.Or tell us
something about yourself.2.Please tell me what major you had in the marine university/college/school?
3.What courses(subjects)have you learned during your studies there?Which courses do you like most? Why?
4.Why do you want to be a sailor? Are you willing work hard? How long do you
want to be a sailor? Do you have any friend as a seaman? What do you know about seaman’s life?
5.What other plans do you have for the coming 5 or 6 years?
6.Do you think that sailing is a very ideal job for you? Could your brother follow
your step?
7.If Capt(CE)scold you? Will you fight back? Why?
8.Have you got a girlfriend? If you have, will you miss your girlfriend
when you work on board for a whole year?
9.When do you want to get married?
10.Do you have hobbies? What hobbies do you like best, why?
11.Which country do you like best?
12.what do you think is most important thing on-board ship? Second? Third?
(safety)
13.If you work on board for one year, will you be very home sick? Do you get a
seasick?
14.Please name some types of vessels in the world.What types ship do you like
to join? Do you know Tanker? How much do you know Tanker?
15.Do you teachers talk English? Do they use English to have lesson?
1.If you have a leave, how long do you want to stay home?
2.What food do you like? There no Chinese foods in board, how do you feel?
3.What will you do in your spare / free time? What kind of leisure activilies do
you do?
4.If you are asked to do a lot of jobs on board, will you have some complaint?
5.In your opinion, how can you get along well with other in the work team?
6.Do you know our company? How do you know? What do you know?
7.How many departments are there in a vessel, and what are they?
8.As far as you know, what equipments are there in the bridge/ deck/ engine
department? What positions are there on board?
24.Tell me the whole name of the following anonyms: IMO, STCW78/ 95, SOLA74,ARPA, RADAR, GMDSS, MARPOL 73/ 78, IOPP, GPS, ISM.25.Have you ever worked on board the training vessel, and with whom did you
work together on board the training vessel? How many people were there in your ship? What did you do there?
26.Can you use English computer? Can you rend / write / listen English? How long
have you learnt English?
27.Why are you elder than your classmate? How do you think of your classmate?
28.What is lifejacket? Lifeboat?
29.Can you tell me where is bridge? Bow? Astern? Middle?
30.How many kinds of Alarm do you know?
31.What skills do you offer,that are most relevant in this job? / What skills would you like to develop in this job?
32.What motivates you to do this job? /What interest you most about this job? What interests you less?
1.Why do you select to be engineer then not be officer? How many years do you plan to be Chief engineer?
2.What is main engine? What are subsidiary engines? Tell me the name of some
auxiliary engines.3.Tell me how the fresh water is produced through the fresh water generator?
4.If you work as a 3rd engineer, what are your duty hours?
5.What are the rough differences between the diesel oil and fuel oil?
6.Tell me how about oily water separator and how to treat bilge water.7.Do you know Tanker? How much do you know Tanker? any different inengine room?
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