英语文学特殊[模版]

第一篇：英语文学特殊[模版]

Geoffrey Chaucer乔叟

literature“英国文学之父”

Alexander Pope 浦柏

英雄双韵体

Richard Sheridan 谢立丹

风俗喜剧

Thomas Gray 托马斯•格雷.Wordsworth华兹华斯Coleridge柯尔律治 Southey骚塞湖畔派lakeland poets.Thomas Hardy哈代Naturalism（自然主义）

Robert Browning 布朗宁戏剧独白,Oscar Wilde 王尔德aestheticism唯美主义

David Herbert Lawrence D.H.劳伦斯

Samuel Beckett

Benjamin Franklin 富兰克林

American founding fathers(建国之父)

Jonathan Edwards 爱德华兹

a theologianheritage

Waldo Ralph Emerson 爱默生Henry David Thoreau 梭罗Transcendentalists（超验主义）

Nathaniel Hawthorne 霍桑

Emily Dickinson 狄金森

Henry James 亨利•詹姆斯

Theodore Dreiser 德莱塞American Naturalist（自然主义）

Ezra Pound（庞德）,Robert Frost 弗罗斯特

realistic depictions oflife

Wallace Stevens斯蒂文斯 emphasis on Imagination

Ernest Hemingway 海明威

later known as “the ”.Fitzgerald 菲茨杰拉德

Edward Albee 阿尔比

荒诞派

第二篇：英语特殊句式

英语特殊句式

一、代词it作形式主语常见句型

1.It is a pity(a shame, a fact, an honour, a wonder, a good thing, good news,common knowledge, no wonder, a deplorable thing, etc.)that …

2.It is strange(natural, surprising, obvious, true, fortunate, good, wonderful, funny, ridiculous, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, quite clear, unusual, etc.)that …

3.It was said(reported, rumoured, announced, arranged, decided, stressed, expected, etc.)that … 4.It seems(happened, thus came about, turned out, suddenly struck me, occurred to me, etc.)that … 5.It is doubtful(not known, not decided, not made clear, to be found out, to be made clear, to be argued, to be discussed, to be decided, being discussed, being considered, a question, a mystery, debatable, uncertain, open to question, etc.)十whether/wh-词引起的从句。

6.It doesn’t matter(doesn’t make too much difference, doesn’t seem to matter much, doesn’t alter the situation, is of little consequence, doesn’t affect us, etc.)十whether/wh-引导的从句。

7.It is+过去分词(said/reported/announced/decided/expected/hoped/known/ believed/rumored, announced, arranged…)that…

[注意]在It is suggested/required/desired/ordered/proposed…that…的主语从句中用(should)+ 动词原形形式的虚拟语气。如：

二、代词it作形式宾语常见句型

1.it代替不定式短语：think/ find/ feel/ consider/ make/ regard…+ it +形容词/名词+不定式短语。2.动词(appreciate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer)＋it＋when / if 从句。

三、含it 的常用句型

1.It is/was +被强调部分+ that/ who + 其他成分

2.It’s +介词地点状语+ that…(强调句)；It’s +地点名词+ where…(定语从句)如：

It is the town where I was born.这是我出生的镇子。

(the town 为地点名词，定语从句)It was in the town that I was born.我出生在这个镇子。(in the town为地点状语，强调句型)3.It’s +时间名词+ when…(时间状语从句)；It’s +时间状语+that…(强调句)如：

It was at 8 o’clock that he returned.他是在八点钟回来的。(at 8 o’clock是时间状语，强调句)It was 8 o’clock when he returned.他回来的时候是八点钟。(8 o’clock 是时间名词，时间状语从句)4.if it is convenient to you 如果你方便的话。如：

If it is convenient to you, you can start tomorrow.如果方便的话，你明天可以动身。5.believe it or not 信不信由你，如：

Believe it or not, I’ll go abroad next month.不管你信还是不信，我下个月要出国。

6.It’s(high/about)time that…did / should do …(定语从句+虚拟语气)如：

It is time that I went and picked up my daughter from school.我该去学校接我女儿放学了。It’s high time that we stopped/should stop this practice.我们的确该停止这种做法了。7.It is /has been…since…did…(时间状语从句)如：

It is just a week since we arrived here.我们来这里已一星期了。

8.It won’t/wouldn’t be+时间段+before…用不了多长时间就会…，过不了多久就……

It will be+时间段+before+一般现在时 要过多久才…，强调事情发生的晚或慢

It may be +时间段+before+一般现在时 也许要过多久才 It wasn’t +时间段+before…没过多长时间就…，不久就……

It was+时间段+before…过了多长时间才… 如：

It will be a long time before we finish the task.我们还需要很长时间才能完成这项任务。It wasn’t long before he learned to use the computer.不久他就学会使用计算机了。

It was some time before he told me about this affair.过了一段时间之后他告诉了我这件事。It won’t be long before we meet again.不久之后我们还会再见面的。

四、易混用其他句型

1.There is something/nothing wrong/ the matter with sb./ sth.如： There is nothing wrong /the matter with him.He’s just pretending.2.There is no doubt about…对…毫不怀疑；There is no doubt that…对…毫不怀疑 如： There is no doubt about his suitability for the job.毫无疑问，他适合这个工作。There is no doubt about the fact.关于这个事实毫无怀疑。

There is no doubt that he is hard to deal with.毫无置疑他很难对付。3.There is no need(for sb.)to do sth.没必要… 如：

There was no need for him to remain in Paris.他没有必要继续留在巴黎。There is no need for you to start yet.你现在还不必动身。

4.There is no/a possibility that… …没可能/有可能(= It is impossible/possible that …)如： There is a possibility that the train may be late.可能火车要晚点。

There is no possibility that we’ll see him this weekend.我们本周末不可能见到他。5.There is a chance that …可能… 如：

There is a chance that the sick child will get well.这个生病的孩子可能会好起来的。6.There be no/ some differences between…and……和…之间没/有区别

如：

There are some differences between the two languages.这两种语言之间有些区别。7.After what seemed +时间 如：

After what seemed a very long time, the wounded soldier came back to life.在经过似乎很长的一段时间之后，那个受伤的士兵苏醒了过来。8.There be difficulty/ trouble(in)doing sth.干…有困难 如： There was no difficulty in finding him.找到他没费什么事。

五、not … until … 句型的强调句

1.结构：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分 He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back.强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.She didn't remember her appointment with the doctor until she had arrived home.倒装： 强调句：

第三篇：英语文学简爱读后感

Abstract:

The thesis focuses on the analysis of themes of Jane Eyre and the heroine Jane's differences from Lin Daiyu andfrom my own perpestive.In the first part, I stated the brief plots of the novel and next analyse the character Jane from some certain aspects.Key word:

Major plot, comment, themes, characteristics, Jane, comparison, analysis

Introduction:

Jane Eyre is a English novel by Charlotte Bronte, the eldest of the three Bronte sisters whose novels are English literature standards.Jane Eyre tells a story about the heroine Jane Eyre's maturation, focusing on the emotions and experiences that accompanies growth to adulthood, the strong sense of social morality and the powerful contend for her own fate.In the novel, Jane Eyre is an orphan whose parents died when she was very young, so she was looked after by her aunt, her only relative, who abused her.Then she was sent to Lowood School where she suffered humiliation and cruel control.Later, she grew to be a tutor in Thornfield Garden and fell in love with the owner Rochester, a man with warm heart despite of cold appearance outside.But After Jane and Rochester fell in love with each other and got down to get marry, she unfortunately came to know in fact Rochester had got a legal but insane wife.So she left

Rochester.But at last, after a series of difficulties, they finally got reunion.Comment:

Jane Eyre is one of the most great novels in the history of literature.Just as it is said in the introduction, the growth of the heroine Jane Eyre runs through the whole book.As a child, Jane was a brave girl who never gave in to Mrs.Reed and John Reed's pressure and resisted them in order to get her own freedom.There are some major themes in the novel, such as morality, God and religion, social class, gender relations, love and passion, feminism, atonement and forgiveness and so on.As for morality, Jane refuses to become Mr.Rochester's paramour because of her “impassioned self-respect and moral conviction.” She rejects St.John Rivers' Puritanism as much as the libertine aspects of Mr.Rochester's character.Instead, she works out a morality expressed in love, independence, and forgiveness.Throughout the novel, Jane endeavours to attain an equilibrium between moral duty and earthly happiness.She despises the hypocritical puritanism of Mr.Brocklehurst, and sees the deficiencies in St.John Rivers' detached devotion to his Christian duty.As a child she partly admires Helen Burns' turning the other cheek, which helps her to forgive Aunt Reed and the Reed cousins.Although she does not seem to subscribe to any of the standard forms of popular Christianity, she honours traditional morality – in particular in not marrying Rochester

until he is widowed.The last sentence of the novel is a prayer on behalf of St.John Rivers.Religion acts to moderate her behaviour but she never represses her true self.Jane's ambiguous social position — a penniless yet moderately educated orphan from a good family — leads her to criticize discrimination based on class.Although she is educated, well-mannered, and relatively sophisticated, she is still a governess, a paid servant of low social standing, and therefore powerless.Nevertheless, Jane possesses certain class prejudices herself, as is made clear when she has to remind herself that her unsophisticated village pupils at Morton “are of flesh and blood as good as the scions of gentlest genealogy.” A particularly important theme in the novel is the depiction of a patriarchal society.Jane attempts to assert her own identity within male-dominated society.Three of the main male characters, Mr.Brocklehurst, Mr.Rochester and St.John Rivers, try to keep Jane in a subordinate position and prevent her from expressing her own thoughts and feelings.Jane escapes Mr.Brocklehurst and rejects St.John, and she only marries Mr.Rochester once she is sure that their marriage is one between equals.A central theme in Jane Eyre is that of the clash between conscience and passion-which one is to adhere to, and how to find a middle ground between the two.Jane, extremely passionate yet also dedicated to a close personal relationship with God, struggles between either extreme for much of the novel.An instance of her leaning towards conscience over passion can be

seen after it has been revealed that Mr.Rochester already has a wife, when Jane is begged to run away with Mr.Rochester and become his mistress.Up until that moment, Jane had been riding on a wave of emotion, forgetting all thoughts of reason and logic, replacing God with Mr.Rochester in her eyes, and allowing herself to be swept away in the moment.However, once the harsh reality of the situation sets in, Jane does everything in her power to refuse Mr.Rochester, despite almost every part of her rejecting the idea and urging her to just give into Mr.Rochester's appeal.As a self assured and established man, Mr.Rochester naturally assumes the position of the master in their relationship.He tends to demand rather than question Jane, manipulate and assess her feelings towards him however he wishes, and enjoy propping up Jane through excessive gifts and luxuries that only he would have been able to provide.Jane, however, believes in the importance of women's independence, and strives to maintain a position in life devoid of any debts to others.Much of the religious concern in Jane Eyre has to do with atonement and forgiveness.Mr.Rochester is tormented by his awareness of his past sins and misdeeds.He frequently confesses that he has led a life of vice, and many of his actions in the course of the novel are less than commendable.Jane Eyre is a first-person narrative of the title character who is powerful in will, independent, fearless, intellectual, upright, and kind and strive for freedom and equality in all her growth process.Analysis:

After reading the novel, I find that Jane is so different from the other heroines in most novels.First, Jane is poor but aspiring, small in body but huge in soul, obsure but self-respecting.And after reading the book, we can feel we are encouraged or inspired by her coverage, her faith in equality, he strong power for freedom and independence.The most inspiring word I have read in the book is her response to the harsh words of the supervisor of the Lowood School Mr.Brocklehurst when he threatens the young girl.That is:

Mr.Blocklehurst: “where do bad people go after death? ”

Jane :“ They go to hell.”

Mr.Blocklehurst:“ And how will you keep away from hell?”

Jane:“ I must keep in good health and not die.”

That conversation has impressed me a lot.Jane is subject to cold rooms, poor meals, and thin clothing.But she never lose the faith to live on and to be strong.Second, we can compare Jane with the heroinein the novel of Vanity Fair.Jane wants to live independently and respectfully and equally to men through her own efforts.From the beginning on, she never try to use other tricks to get successful.However, in Vanity Fair,always tries to go into the upper class through marring a upper class man to change her fate although her herself is as clever as Janer and has the ability to live better through her own efforts.Thirdly, the views of love of

Jane and other major women characters are also different.Still compare with, who uses every tricks to flatter upper-class men that may change her fate.While Jane only wants to change her fate through ther own efforts.Compared with Lin Daiyu in the Chinese novel The Red Mansion, the different ending of the two characters shows the differences between the view of love in them.Many various factors contribute to the different views of love in them.Lin Daiyu is weak and has strong rebellious characteristics and she is too proud to get along with the other family members, which contradicts to the society at that time.However, Jane is strong in will and independent and advocates that everyone is equal as well as love.Compared with Lin, she knows much more about strategies and sense.So that is my own prospective about Jane.As for the whole novel, it has taught me a lot in pursuing what we want and do what we should do.No matter how hard life is, we first should have a heart of freedom and independence.No matter how poor or how plain we are, we should keep a noble heart.Conclusion:

As a plain woman in appearance but strong one in heart, Jane is like a distinctive and fresh and elegant lotus in the capital-first capitalism society bringing hope for people who are striving in the dark society and encourages many women to fight for their equality and freedom.Even up to now, Jane is still one of the most admired and loved character in

people's mind especially women's.The novel benefits me a lot and gives me a kind of different perspective of knowing that period of literature and society.

第四篇：英语文学世界名著书目

英语文学世界名著书目

必读书目：

1．Jane Eyre(Charlotte Bronte)《简爱》夏洛蒂·勃朗特

2．The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn(Mark Twain)《哈克贝利·弗恩历险记》马克·吐温

3．The Adventures of Tom Sawyer(Mark Twain)《汤姆.索亚历险记》马克·吐温

4．The French Lieutenant’s Woman(John Fowles)《法国中尉的女人》约翰·福尔斯

5．Tess of the D’Urbervilles(Tomas Hardy)《德伯家的苔丝》托马斯·哈代

6．Rebecca(Daphne du Maurier)《蝴蝶梦》达夫妮.杜穆里埃

7．David Copperfield(Charles Dickens)《大卫科波菲尔》查尔斯.狄更斯

8．Great Expectations(Charles Dickens)《远大前程》查尔斯.狄更斯

9．Treasure Island(Robert Louis Stevenson)《金银岛》罗伯特.路易斯.史蒂文森

10． Gone with the Wind(Margaret Mitchell)《飘》玛格丽特.米切尔

11．Pride and Prejudice(Jane Austin)《傲慢与偏见》简·奥斯丁

12． Lord Jim(Joseph Conrad)《吉姆老爷》约瑟夫.康拉德

13． The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes(Arthur Conan Doyle)《福尔摩斯探案集》亚瑟·柯

南·道尔

14． A Passage to India(E.M.Forster)《印度之行》E·M·福斯特

15． Robison Crusoe(Daniel Defoe)《鲁滨逊漂流记》丹尼尔.笛福

16． Uncle Tom’s Cabin(Harriet Beecher Stowe)《汤姆叔叔的小屋》斯托夫人

17． Martin Eden(Jack London)《马丁·伊登》杰克·伦敦

18． Catch-22(Joseph Heller)《第二十二条军规》约瑟夫·海勒

19． The Invisible Man(H.G.Wells)《隐形人》

20． Sister Carrie(Theodore Dreiser)《嘉莉妹妹》西奥多·德莱塞

21． Jude the Obscure(Thomas Hardy)《无名的裘德》托马斯·哈代

22． The Old and the Sea(Ernest Hemingway)《老人与海》欧内斯特·米勒尔·海明威

23． An American Tragedy(Theodore Dreiser)《美国悲剧》西奥多·德莱塞

24． Great Gatsby(F.Scott Fitzgerald)《了不起的盖茨比》斯各特·菲茨杰拉德

25． The Sun Also Rises(Ernest Hemingway)《太阳照样升起》欧内斯特·米勒尔·海明威

26． The Woman Warrior(Maxine Hong Kingston)《女勇士》汤亭亭

27． The Call of the Wild(Jack London)《荒野的欢呼》杰克·伦敦

28． A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man(James Joyce)《青年艺术家画像》乔伊斯

29． The Picture of Dorian Gray(Oscar Wilde)《格雷的画像》奥斯卡·王尔德

30． Mrs.Dalloway(Virginia Woolf)《黛洛维夫人》维吉尼亚‧吴尔芙

31． To the Lighthouse(Virginia Woolf)《到灯塔去》维吉尼亚‧吴尔芙

32． The Catcher in the Rye(J.D.Salinger)《麦田里的守望者》塞林格

33． The Grapes of Wrath(John Steinbeck)《愤怒的葡萄》約翰·史坦貝克

34． Wuthering Heights(Emily Bronte)《呼啸山庄》艾米莉·勃朗特

35． Sophie’s Choice(William Styron)《苏菲的抉择》威廉·斯泰伦

36． Little Women(Louisa May Alcott)《小妇人》露意莎.梅.奥尔科特

推荐书目：

37． Hamlet(Shakespeare)《哈姆雷特》莎士比亚

38． Romeo and Juliet(Shakespeare)《罗密欧朱丽叶》莎士比亚

39． Othello(Shakespeare)《奥瑟罗》莎士比亚

40． King Lear(Shakespeare)《李尔王》莎士比亚

41． Macbeth(Shakespeare)《麦克白》莎士比亚

42． The Merchant of Venice(Shakespeare)《维纳斯商人》莎士比亚

43． Twelfth Night(Shakespeare)《第十二夜》莎士比亚

44． A Midsummer Night’s Dream(Shakespeare)《仲夏夜之梦》莎士比亚

45． The Taming of the Shrew(Shakespeare)《驯悍妇》莎士比亚

46． Gulliver’s Travels(Jonathan Swift)《格列佛游记》

47． Vanity Fair(William M.Thackeray)乔纳森.斯威夫待

48． The Red Badge of Courage(Steven Crane)《红色英勇勋章》斯蒂芬.克莱恩

49． Go Down, Moses(William Faulkner)《去吧，摩西》威廉·福克纳

50． The Sound and the Fury(William Faulkner)《喧哗与骚动》威廉·福克纳

51． Light in August(William Faulkner)《八月之光》威廉·福克纳

52． The Scarlet Letter(Nathaniel Hawthorne)《红字》纳撒内尼·霍桑

53． The Bluest Eye(Toni Morrison)《最蓝的眼睛》托妮·莫里森

54． Beloved(Toni Morrison)《宠儿》托妮·莫里森

55． The Color Purple(Alice Walker)《紫色》艾丽斯·沃克

56． The Age of Innocence(Edith Warren)《纯真年代》

57． All the King’s Men(Robert Penn Warren)《国王班底》罗伯特·佩·华伦

58． Women in Love(D.H.Lawrence)《恋爱中的女人》D.H.劳伦斯

59． Heart of Darkness(Joseph Conrad)《黑暗之心》约瑟夫.康拉德

60． Middle March(George Eliot)《米德尔马契》乔治.艾略特

补充书目：

1.The Good Earth(Pearl Buck)《大地》赛珍珠

2.Pilgrim’s Progress(Paul Bunyan)《天路历程》班扬

3.Alice in Wonderland(Lewis Carroll)《爱丽丝梦游仙境》路易斯·卡洛

4.My Antonia(Willa Cather)《我的安东尼娅》薇拉·凯瑟

5.Don Quixote de la Mancha(Miguel de Cervantes Saavedrea)《唐吉诃德》塞万提斯

6.The Canterbury Tales(Geoffrey Chaucer)《坎特伯雷故事集》乔叟

7.Last of the Mohicans(James Fenimore Cooper)《最后的摩根战士》詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库

柏

8.Two Years Before the Mast(Richard Henry Dana)《七海豪侠》

9.Crime an Punishment(Dostoevsky)《《罪与罚》陀思妥耶夫斯基

10.The Hound of the Baskervilles(Arthur Conan Doyle)《福尔摩斯侦探小说全集》亚瑟·柯

南·道尔

11.The Three Musketeers(Alexander Dumas)《三个火枪手》大仲马

12.Mill on the Floss(George Eliot)《弗罗斯河上的磨坊》乔治.艾略特

13.The Reivers(William Faulkner)《流氓好汉》威廉·福克纳

14.Tom Jones(Henry Fielding)《汤姆·琼斯》亨利·菲尔丁

15.Madame Bovary(Gustave Flaubert)《包法利夫人》福楼拜

16.The Return of the Native(Thomas hardy)《还乡》托马斯·哈代

17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.The luck of Roaring Camp(F.Bret Harte)《咆哮营的幸运》布雷特·哈特 Farewell to Arms(Ernest Hemingway)《永别了，武器》欧内斯特.海明威 Good-bye Mr.Chips(James Hilton)《万世师表》詹姆斯·希尔顿 The Iliad and the Odyssey(Homer)《伊里亚特与奥德赛》荷马 Les Miserables(Victor Hugo)《悲惨世界》 雨果 Ramona(Helen Jackson)Portrait of a Lady(Henry James)《妇人的肖像》亨利·詹姆斯 Sons and Lovers(D.H.Lawrence)《儿子与情人》D.H.劳伦斯 Main Street(Sinclair Lewis)《大街》辛克来·刘易斯 The Magic Mountain(Thomas Mann)《魔山》托马斯·曼 Of Human Bondage(Somerset W.Maugham)《人性的枷锁》索默斯特·毛姆 Moby Dick(Herman Melville)《白鲸》赫尔曼·梅尔维尔 Remembrance of Things Past(Marcel Proust)《追忆似水年华》马塞尔·普鲁斯特 All Quiet on the Western Front(Erich Maria Remarque)《新西线无战事》埃里希.马里亚.雷马克 Cyrano de Bergerac(Edmond Rostand)《大鼻子情圣》艾德蒙德·罗斯坦德 Ivanhoe(Sir Walter Scott)《劫后英雄传》沃尔特·司各特 Complete Works(William Shakespeare)《莎士比亚全集》威廉·莎士比亚 The Jungle(Upton Sinclair)《森林王子》辛克萊，U War and Peace(Leo Tolstoy)《战争与和平》列夫·托尔斯泰 Kristin Lavransdatter(Sigrid Undset)西格丽德·温塞特 Around the World in 80 Days(Jules Verne)《80天环游世界》儒勒·凡尔纳 Ethan Frome(Edith Wharton)《伊坦·弗洛美》沃顿·伊迪丝 The Bridge of San Luis Rey(Thornton Wilder)《圣路易斯雷的大桥》 Look Homeward Angel(Thomas Wolfe)《天使，望故乡》托马斯·沃尔夫

第五篇：1 中古英语文学

中古英语文学

8世纪-15世纪大多数是口述的，异教的《贝奥武夫》被认为是古代英语文学的开端，也是英语语言的最古老的诗歌。诺曼入侵之后，传奇逐渐成为文学的主要形式。

OldEnglish/Alliteration/Epic/Romance/Ballad Geoffrey Chaucer（英语诗歌之父）: 14世纪被称为乔叟的时代。The Canterbury Tales（坎特伯雷故事集）

King Alfred（英国散文之父，翻译了大量拉丁文文献）：

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle（盎格鲁—撒克逊编年史）文艺复兴时期

16世纪-17世纪 这个时期常被称为为莎士比亚时期或是伊丽莎白时代。同一时期佛朗西斯·培根也是著名人物。斯宾塞体、无韵诗、十四行诗

Edmund Spencer（诗人中的诗人）:

The Farie Queene（仙后）典型的斯宾塞体

Thomas More

（英国文艺复兴的领导者）: Utopia（乌托邦）

Francis Bacon

（唯物主义哲学奠基人，英国第一个散文家）:

Of Studies（论学习）/Of Travel/Of Wisdom

Christopher Marlow

（剧作家，属于“大学才子”，首先创造无韵诗）:

The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus（浮士德博士的悲剧）

William Shakespeare

（英国最伟大的剧作家，英语文学现实主义的奠基人之一，共写过37部剧作，包括16部喜剧，11部悲剧，10部历史剧，154首14行诗）: 4

大

喜

剧： A Midsummer Night’s Dream The Merchant of Venice As You Like It（皆大欢喜）Twelfth Night； 4大悲剧： Hamlet/ King Lear/ Macbeth/

Othello；

最著名的历史剧为： Henry 4/Henry5

John Donne

（诗人，玄学派诗人代表人物）: The Songs and Sonnets（歌谣与十四行诗）

A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning（别离辞·节哀）

John Milton

（革命时期最伟大诗人）： Paradise Lost/

Paradise Regained/

悲剧：

Samson Agonistes（力士参孙）

新古典时期

17世纪中期-18世纪 本时期是受到启蒙运动的影响，主要为现实主义的特点，散文体为主prose，报纸和杂志开始出现。寓言（allegory）

John Bunyan: The Pilgrim Progress（天路历程）

John Dryden（诗人、剧作家、文学评论家、英语评论家之父，所创造的英雄双韵体成为英语诗歌的一种标准）: All For Love（一切为了爱）

Alexander Pope（诗人，18世纪称为Pope时代，新古典学派的代表人物，）: The Rape of the Lock（夺发记）/ An Essay on Man（论人类）

Samuel Johnson（新古典作家和字典编纂者）: A Dictionary of the English Language（英语字典）

Daniel Defoe

（现实主义小说奠基人，英语和欧洲小说之父）:

Robinson Crusoe（鲁宾逊漂流记）

Jonathan Swift

（现实主义小说家）: Gulliver’s Travel/

A Modest Proposal（一个小小的建议）

Henry Fielding

（现实主义小说家，现实主义小说奠基人，英国小说之父）：

The History of Tom Jones, a Founding（弃儿约翰·琼斯的历史）

William Blake

（前浪漫主义诗人）: 诗集：

Songs of Innocence（天真之歌）包括著名诗歌： The Lamb（羔羊）；

The Experience（经验之歌）包括诗歌： The Tiger/

London/

The Chimney Sweeper（扫烟囱的小孩）

Robert Burns

（前浪漫主义诗人，苏格兰农民诗人）:

A red, Red Rose（一朵红红的玫瑰）/Auld Lang Syne（友谊天长地久）浪漫主义时期

18世纪-19世纪中期 开始于抒情歌谣集，以沃尔特·司各特去世为终止。威廉·华兹华斯、塞缪尔·泰勒、罗伯特·骚塞是浪漫主义第一代人，也称为湖畔派诗人。乔治·拜伦、波西·雪莱、约翰·济慈为第二代。

William Wordsworth

（桂冠诗人）:

Lyrical Ballads是华兹华斯和柯勒律治的共同作品，其中最有名的是华兹华斯的Tintern Abbey（丁登寺旁）和Lines Written in Early Spring（写于早春）。

I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud（我好似一朵流云独自漫游）The Solitary Reaper（孤独的割麦女）

Samuel Taylor Coleridge（伟大的诗人和文学批评家）: 和华兹华斯合著诗集，最著名的诗歌The Rime of the Ancient Mariner（古舟子咏）

Robert Southey（湖畔派诗人中最年轻的，1813年被封为“桂冠诗人”）：

The Battle of Blenheim（布莱尼姆之战）

George Gordon Bryon: Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage（恰尔德·哈罗德游记）/ Don Juan（唐璜）/ She Walks in Beauty（她走在美的光影）/ When We Two Parted（昔日依依别）

Percy Bysshe Shelley:

戏剧：

Prometheus Unbound（解放了的普罗米修斯）/ 诗歌：

Ode to the West/To a Skylark（云雀颂）

John Keats: Ode on a Grecian（希腊古瓮颂）/Ode to a Nightingale（夜莺颂）/ Ode to Autumn（秋颂）Charles Lamb

（这一时期最好的散文家）:

Tales of Shakespeare（莎士比亚戏剧故事集）

Walter Scott

（苏格兰历史小说家）: Ivanhoe（艾凡赫）

Jane Austin

（英国第一位女性小说家）: Pride and Prejudice/ Emma/

Sense and Sensibility（理智与情感）

5维多利亚时期

19世纪早期-20世纪初期 批判现实主义出现，小说是这一时期的主要特点。

Charles Dickens

（维多利亚时代最著名的作家）: Pickwick Papers（匹克威克外传）Oliver Twist

The Old Curiosity Shop（老古玩店）Dombey and Son（父与子）David Copperfield（大卫·科波菲尔）Great Expectation（远大前程）A Tales of Two Cities

William Makepeace Thackeray: Vanity Fair（名利场）

Charlotte Bronte:

Jane Eyre

Emily Bronte: Wuthering Heights Anne Bronte:

Agnes Grey（安格尼斯·格雷）

George Eliot:

The Mill on the Floss（佛洛斯河上的磨坊）

Silas Marner（织工马南传）

Alfred Tennyson

（诗人）:

Break, Break, Break（拍岸曲）

Robert Browning:

My Last Duchess（我的前公爵夫人）Meeting at night（深夜幽会）

Elizabeth Browning（前者妻子，女诗人）: The Cry of the Children 现代主义时期

19世纪末开始 主要特点是普通英国人的生活，象征主义、意识流、自然主义代替了现实主义。Oscar Wilde（爱尔兰诗人、作家和主要唯美主义者，唯美主义和颓废派代表人物）: The Picture Of Dorian Gray（道林·格雷的画像）

The Happy Prince（快乐王子）

Thomas Hardy:

The Mayor of Casterbridge（卡斯特桥市长）

Tess of the D’urbervilles（德伯家的苔丝）

Jude the Obscure（无名的裘德）

George Bernard Shaw（苏格兰剧作家）: Man and Superman（人与超人）Major Barbara（巴巴拉上校）Pygmalion（皮革马利翁）

William Butler Yeats

（爱尔兰诗人剧作家）:

Sailing to Byzantium（航向拜占庭）The Second Coming（第二次降临）Leda and the Swan（丽达与天鹅）When you are Old

D.H.Lawrence:

Sons and Lovers（儿子与情人）The Rainbow（虹）

Women in Love（恋爱中的女人）Lady Chatterley’s Lover（查泰来夫人的情人）

James Joyce

（爱尔兰小说家，意识流的创始人）:

Dubliners（都伯林人）

A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man（一个青年艺术家的画像）Ulyses（尤利西斯）

Finnegans Wake（芬尼根守灵人）

Virginia Woolf（现代主义代表人物，20世纪创新小说家之一）:

Mrs.Dalloway（黛洛维夫人）To The Lighthouse（到灯塔去）

The Wavers（海浪）

A Room of one’s Own（自己的房间）Three Guineans（三枚金币）殖民地时期 16世纪末-17世纪中期

主要记述殖民地时期的历史较多，游记等等。

The Bay Psalmbook（海湾圣诗）北美出版的第一本书，是由希伯来语翻译过来民歌体圣诗集

John Winthrop:

习惯用语

city upon a hill 来源于其作品

John Smith:

A True Relation of Virginia（关于佛吉尼亚的真实叙述，1608年，美国文学的第一个作家）独立革命时期

17时期中期-18世纪末

大多数革命写作都是政治性的，开始出现诗歌。

Benjamin Franklin:

Declaration of Independence Poor Richard’s Almanac（穷理查德年鉴）

The Autobiography（自传）

Thomas Paine: Common Sense

The American Crisis（美国危机）

Thomas Jefferson（美国第三任总统）:

Declaration of Independence

Philip Freneau

（美国独立革命诗人，美国诗歌之父）:

The Wild Honey Suckle 浪漫主义时期

（又称为美国的文艺复兴，强调感情、感觉，而不是理性和尝试，超验主义是浪漫主义的成熟期）18世纪末-19世纪中后期 Washington Irving

（美国文学之父，擅长短篇小说）: Rip Van Winkle

the Legend of sleepy Hollow the Sketch Book（美国文学史上第一部短篇小说）（标志着美国浪漫主义时期的开始）

William Cullen Bryant（美国首位浪漫派诗人，美国的“华斯华兹”）： To a Waterfowl

Thanatopsis（死亡随想）

James Fenimore Copper（美国民族文学的奠基人）: Leatherstocking Tales（皮袜子五部曲）

the Last of Mohicans（最后的莫西干人）

Ralph Waldo Emerson

（超验主义中心人物）：

Nature（自然）被认为是美国超验主义的宣言

Henry David Thoreau: Walden（瓦尔登湖）

Civil Disobedience（论公民的不服从）

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow（美国第一个写叙述诗歌的诗人）: the Song of Hiawatha（海华沙之歌，描写印第安人的第一部作品）Evangeline（伊万杰琳）A Psalm of Life（人生赞礼）曾经翻译过但丁的神曲

Nathaniel Hawthrone（美国科幻小说第一人）: the Scarlet Letter

the house of the Seven Gables（有七个尖角阁楼的房子）

Mosses from an Old House（古屋青苔）

Edgar Allan Poe（美国侦探小说之父）: 诗歌：

the Raven（乌鸦）/

Annabel Lee（安娜贝尔·李）To Helen（致海伦）； 小说：

the Fall of the House Asher（厄舍古屋的倒塌）

Herman Melville: Moby Dick（白鲸）

Emily Dickinson（其作品的主题主要与宗教、生活和死亡有关）: Because I Could Not Stop for Death（因为我不能死亡）/ I’m Nobody: Who Are You（我是无名小卒，你是谁？）

Walt Whitman（伟大的民族主义诗人，第一个自由体诗人）: Leaves of Grass（草叶集）标志着美国浪漫主义时期的结束现实主义时期

19世纪中期-20世纪初 Harriet Beecher Stove: Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Henry James

（美国现实主义三位代表人物： 马克吐温、迪恩豪威尔斯、亨利詹姆斯，心理分析小说奠基人）:

the Portrait of a Lady（贵妇人画像）/

the Wings of the Dove（鸽翼）/ the Ambassador/ the Golden Bowl/ Daisy Miller

William Dean Howells

（现实主义文学奠基人）: The Rise of Silas Lapham（塞拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹）

Mark Twain

（威廉福克纳称其为美国文学之父，乡土文学代表）:

the Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County（卡拉韦拉斯郡著名的跳蛙）/ the Gilded Age/

the Adventure of Tom Sawyer/ the Prince and the Pauper（王子和贫儿）/

the Adventure of Huckleberry Finn

Stephen Crane

（自然主义代表人物）:

the Red Badge of Courage（红色英勇勋章）

Theodore Dreiser

（最伟大的自然主义作家）: Sister Carrie

An American Tragedy Trilogy of Desire

(Financier/the Titan/ Stotic（斯多葛）)

Jack London

（自然主义代表人物）: the Call of Nature/

Love of Life（热爱生命）/ Martin Eden（马丁·伊登）

O.Henry

（自然主义作家，短篇小说之父）: the Gifts from Magi/the Cop and the Anthem（警察与赞美诗）现代主义时期 20世纪（核心在一二次世界大战之时，标志性运动是意象派）Ernest Hemingway（迷惘一代的代言人，1954年获诺贝尔文学奖）:

the Sun Also Rise（太阳照常升起）（第一部小说）A Farewell to Arms For Whom the Bell Tolls the Old Man and the Sea

Ezra Pound（美国现代诗歌之父、最重要的意象派诗人之一）: 史诗：

The Cantos《诗章》 阅读最多的就是

In a Station of the Metro《在地铁站》

Robert Frost（新英格兰诗人，四次普利策奖）：诗集：

Mending Wall（修墙）

the Road Not Taken（未选择的路）Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening（雪夜林边小住）

Desert Places（荒芜地带）

T.S.Eliot

（美国出生英语诗人，1948年获得诺贝尔文学奖）: The Waste Land

Four Quarters（四个四重奏）

William Faulkner

（20世纪最重要的南方作家，1950年获得诺贝尔文学奖，现代主义最重要的作家之一）:

the Sound and the Fury（喧哗与骚动）

Light in August（八月之光）Absalom, Absalom（押沙龙，押沙龙）

Francis Scott Fitzgerald（爵士乐时代的代言人）:

the Great Gatsby（了不起的盖茨比）

Tender is the Night（夜色温柔）

John Steinbeck

（1962年获得诺贝尔文学奖）: the Grapes of Wrath（愤怒的葡萄）

Eugene Gladstone O’Neil（剧本作家，1936年货诺贝尔文学奖，4次普利策奖）: the Hairy Ape（毛猿）

Pearl S.Buck

（美国历史上第一个获得诺贝尔文学家的女性作家）:

The Good Earth（大地）取材于中国的农村地区。1945年以来的文学

垮掉的一代 黑色幽默

Allen Ginsberg

（垮掉一代的代表人物）: Howl（嚎叫）

Joseph Heller

（黑色幽默的代表人物）:

Catch 22（黑色幽默代表作品）

Tennessee Williams

（美国战后最伟大的剧作家）: A Street Car Named Desire（欲望号街车）

Arthur Miller

（被称为美国的易卜生）: Death of Salesman All My Son