第一篇：自考英语6
全国2003年4月高等教育自学考试
英语国家概况试题
课程代码：00522
PART ONE
Ⅰ.Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully.For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given.Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question.Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.(40 points, 1 point for each)
1.The Lake District, which is well-known for its beautiful scenery, is located in the _______.A.South of Scotland
B.Northwest of England
C.North of Wales
D.East of England
2.About three million people have migrated to Britain since World War Ⅱ.They are mainly from the West Indies, India and _______.A.Indonesia
B.Singapore
C.Hong Kong
D.Pakistan
3.As a result of the Black Death, much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of _______ in England.A.grain
B.farm tools
C.houses
D.labour
4.The first steam engine was devised by _______ at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor James Watt modified and improved the design.A.Robert Bakewell
B.Thomas Newcomen
C.Jethro Tull
D.Thomas Coke
5.The British Prime Minister's official residence is No.10 _______ Street in Landon.A.Downing
B.Oxford
C.Regent
D.New Bond
6.In the United Kingdom, each member of Parliament represents a _______ , and holds his seat during the life of a parliament.A.constituency
B.shire
C.borough
D.county
7.The British constitution is made up of the following laws except _______.A.statute law
B.common law
C.commonwealth law
D.European Community law
8.Under Margaret Thatcher Britain adopted an economic policy of _______.A.prices and incomes control
B.state intervention
C.high consumption and low investment
D.privatization, deregulation and market liberalization
9.The 1970s saw the growth of _______ in Wales and Scotland.A.Marxism
B.liberalism
C.nationalism
D.chauvinism
10.Christmas Day, December 25th, celebrates the _______ of Christ, and is the great est of Christian festivals.A.birth
B.dreath
C.Crucifixion
D.Resurrection
11.Shakespeare was born at _______ in Warwickshire, England, in 1564.A.Stoke-on-Trent
B.Stratford-upon-Avon
C.Berwick-upon-Tweed
D.Bradford-on-Avon
12.The most important _______ magazines in Britain are The Economist, New Statesman an and Society, and Spectator.A.weekly
B.fortnightly
C.monthly
D.quarterly
13._______ are also known as the Continental Divide.A.The Rocky Mountains
B.The Appalachian Highlands
C.The Coast Mountains
D.The Blue Mountains
14.New Englanders were originally known as _______.A.Yankees
B.English Puritans
C.German farmers
D.Fishermen from Scandinavia
15.The first English colony was founded at _______.A.Plymouth
B.the Massachusetts Bay
C.Jamestown
D.New York
16.The United States is the world's biggest producer of _______.A.cotton
B.rice
C.tobacco
D.milk
17.In American history, the Americans went to war against the British _______.A.only once
B.on two occasions
C.for three times
D.for four times
18.The important decision made at the Second Continental Congress was_______.A.the establishment of a continental army under the command of George Washington
B.the adoption of the Constitution
C.an appeal to the British king
D.A and B
19.The United States has, in its history, _______.A.one constitution
B.two constitutions
C.three constitutions
D.one constitution with many amendments
20.The political theory underlining the Declaration of Independence came from _____.A.Thomas Jefferson
B.George Washington
C.British philosopher John Locke
D.American philosopher John Locke
21.In the United States, the Muckrakers at the turn of the 20th century referred to a group of _______.A.reform-minded middle-class people
B.journalists who exposed the dark sides of the society
C.upper-class professionals
D.progressive women
22.Which of the following statements is true concerning the district court in the U.S.?
A.Each state has a district court.B.There is a district court for each state plus one for District of Columbia and one for Puerto Rico.C.There are altogether 89 district courts.D.There are altogether 91 district courts.23.The“new basics” in the report“A Nation At Risk” issued in the U.S.refer to _______.A.English and mathematics
B.science and social studies
C.computer
D.all of the above
24.Specialized institutions in the U.S.offer _______.A.degrees up to the doctorate
B.only BA degrees
C.BA and MA degrees
D.no degrees
25.Mount Kosciusko, the highest point in Australia, is located in _______.A.the Blue Mountains
B.the Australian Alps
C.the Snowy Mountains
D.Ayers Rock
26.Australia's most famous national park, which used to be known as Ayers Rock, is now called _______ in the Aboriginal language.A.Uluru
B.Yolngu
C.Anangu
D.Nungga
27.During World War Ⅰ, a special corps of Australian and New Zealand troops called _______ won a reputation for outstanding bravery.A.Anzacs
B.Anzus
C.Asus
D.Aussies
28.The Australian Constitution deals with the following except _______.A.the composition of the Australian federal government
B.the powers of the federal government
C.the relationship between the federal government and the governments of the States
D.the powers of the Prime Minister
29.In the Australian Federal Parliament _______ often form a coalition in opposition to _______.A.the Labor Party and the National party/the Liberal Party
B.the Liberal Party and the Labor party/the National Party
C.the Liberal Party and the National party/the Labor Party
D.the Conservative Party and the Democrats/the Labor Party
30.In 1988, Australia celebrated its _______ anniversary of the founding of the first white settlement there.A.100th
B.150th
C.200th
D.250th
31.The two principal river systems in Canada are the Mackenzie and_______.A.the Great lakes
B.the St.Lawrence
C.the Hudson River
D.the Saskatchewan River
32.From 1896 to 1911, Canada was ruled by _______ under Sir Wilfred Laurier.A.the Liberal Party
B.the Conservative Party
C.the Labour Party
D.the Democratic Party
33.Canada ranks _______ in the world in the production of electricity form water power.A.first
B.second
C.third
D.fourth
34.Canadian Federal Government was assigned powers in all of the following areas except _______.A.defense
B.customs and border control
C.currency and coinage
D.education
35.What is the law-making assembly called in Canada's Quebec?
A.Legislative Assembly.B.National Assembly.C.House of Assembly.D.House of Legislation.36.Which of the following best describes the result of Canadian government’s long-held policy of assimilation?
A.It won a popular support across the country.B.It proved to be a great success.C.It failed in achieving the desired effect.D.It brought disastrous effect to the Canadian society.37.The creation of Northern Ireland dates from _______ when the Irish Free State was set up.A.1916
B.1921
C.1937
D.1994
38.Throughout most of its history, _______ was a major problem that plagued Ireland.A.emigration
B.population distribution
C.ethnic conflict
D.birth control
39.A New Zealander of European descent is known as a _______.A.Pakeha
B.Kiwi
C.Pukeko
D.Maori
40.In New Zealand, the seasons are opposite those of the Northern Hemisphere because it lies _______.A.south of the equator
B.north of the equator
C.east of the equator
D.west of the equator
PART TWO
Ⅱ.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions.Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.(30 points, 3 points for each)
41.Which area in Britain is called the “Silicon Glen”?
42.Which sport is the most typically English?
43.What was Puritanism noted for?
44.What is Hawaii's most important industry?
45.How serious was child labor when the Progressive Movement demanded the banning of it?
46.Who was Bob Dylan?
47.When and where did Australia's Eureka Stockade take place?
48.What were Canada's early industries?
49.What is the head of government in Ireland called?
50.What caused the land disputes between the Maoris and the settlers in New Zealand?
Ⅲ.Explain each of the following terms in English.Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words.(20 points, 5 points for each)
51.The National Health Service
52.Black Thursday of 1929
53.The Flying Doctors
54.The Quebec Act of 1774
Ⅳ.Write between 100-120 words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.(10 points)
55.Why was Britain the first country to industrialize
第二篇：自考英语学习心得
付出总有收获
因为家境贫寒，尽管我成绩很好，但还是选择上了一所省城的中专。毕业后，为了圆自己的大学梦，我走进了没有围墙的大学，开始了我的自考之路。
因为英语基础较好，加上对英语有着浓厚的兴趣，我选择了英语专业。周围的同事有的热衷于漂亮的衣服、发型，有的流连在琳琅满目的化妆品中，而我则节衣缩食，将节省下来的钱用来买书，买英语磁带，刻苦学习。也有人曾泼冷水说，又不出国学了也没用，有好几个认识的人学英语，中途都放弃了，太难了。可是我并没有被吓倒，相反我更是不屈不挠的坚持了下来，我想英语是一门国际型语言，一扇窗口，它向我们展示的将是一片广阔的天地，一派新奇的景象，学好它是大有益处的。记得那是很冷的冬天，我提前几天就去熟悉了一下考点位置，可临考前晚却下了厚厚的一场大雪，第二天我早早就起了床，周末的街道冷冷清清，我几经辗转，又冒着凛冽的寒风在雪地里步行了半个多小时后，终于来到了考点，那次缺考的同学很多，我不禁在心里为自己竖起了大拇指。焦急的一个多月后，我迫不及待的查询分数，52分，我的心一下子跌到了谷底，委屈的泪水夺眶而出，考试的严格，读书的枯燥，学习的疲惫，心里的压力，别人异样的眼光，孤军奋战的无助，犹如自考路上的“拦路虎”，一瞬间象潮水般涌向我。痛定思痛之后，我反省自责，分析原因找不足，我在心里暗暗下定决心，下次一定要考过，这次的失败让我越挫越勇，重新整装待发。我狠下功夫，每天坚持背记单词，增加阅读量，听录音磁带，查询各种学习资料，弥补自己的不足，在实践中积累学习英语的经验和方法，终于在下一次的考试中通过了这门。我在心里对自己说：再苦再累,不要放弃.有付出必有收获!寒来暑往，朝朝暮暮，时光荏苒。当年青春年少的我，如今已嫁作他人妇，但是唯一没有改变的是我从未想放弃过我的自考，自考已成为我生活中不可缺少的部分。工作的辛苦，持家的劳碌，读书的枯燥，临考复习时的紧张和彷徨，考试时的紧张、兴奋与刺激，上网查询分数时的忐忑与不安，屡次失败的悔恨，一次通过仅剩下两门课程的狂喜……一幕幕在我的脑海里回放。记得那时候孩子很小，又很吵闹，家里有很多的事情要做，因此家人之间也难免会产生矛盾。一天的忙碌过后下班回到家里，我还得操劳家务，还得哄小孩，只能一个人在静静的夜晚，挑灯夜战，第二天又拖着疲惫的身躯赶去上班。有时候没有考过，自己觉得很无奈，特别是差几分而没有通过好懊悔，家人却还唠叨，得不到理解和支持，得不到精神上的安慰和鼓励，当时的我内心好无助，只因我内心里有一个信念，我一定要圆我的大学梦，我坚持了下来。
自考的道路是坎坷的，但也是充实的，忙碌的，苦中有甜，我付出了许多，也收获了许多……
如果学习成了一种自觉的活动，就会感到学习并非一件苦差事。自考是我永远忠诚的朋友，给我生机活力，给我奋进的勇气和决心。自考启迪灵魂，开发智慧，拓展才华，提高品位——它给了我太多太多的馈赠。当我取得一个个工作成绩，当领导对我的素质和能力表示赞赏，当同事投来羡慕的目光，所有的付出都得到了回报，多年的努力都觉得很值得。在英语学习方面，我也积累了自己的一套方法和经验。英语学习并非难事，关键在于要用心去学，首先，要舍得投入精力和时间，要有恒心，一般说来，付出总与收获成正比，持之以恒，英语水平就有了相应的提高。其次通过有意识的大量阅读、一方面扩大了词汇量，另一方面培养了语感。而这两方面我认为是掌握一种语言的两大支柱。而语言就是这样，是相互促进的，语感好，在练习听力及口语时都会感觉到你以前在阅读中学到的有多重要。读的东西多了，词汇量足够大，语感足够强，在听方面，听英语磁带再结合听广播，这样精听和泛听结合，进步也很快，其他的技能，只要勤加练习，也就自然而然的提高了。而且我把自己的这些经验和孩子沟通交流，和孩子一起共同学习，在英语的道路上共同进步，受益匪浅，现在正在上初中的孩子的英语成绩一直都名列前茅；自考也开阔了我的眼界，现代化的语音室，以及古朴典雅，巍峨壮观的武大校园……让我感受到了扑面而来的有着悠久历史和深厚人文底蕴的重点大学的人文气息。更重要的是自考磨练了我的意志。自考是铁面无私、残酷无情的，但也是公正的。成功的殿堂只对勇于挑战自我、努力拼搏进取的人开放。自考之路不可能是一路坦途，沿途一定会有坎坷，有泥泞，有别人的误解的目光。只有坚定不移，不改初衷，跋山涉水，日夜兼程，才能峰回路转，豁然开朗，领略到无限风光。宁静和坚韧可以致远，浮躁和投机取巧必将半途而废。可以说自考是考一个人的意志和勤奋。在自考中提升自己的各种能力，综合素质的提高才真正激励我们攀登职业高峰。
经历这番风雨的洗礼，我的一颗心将会被磨练得圆润平和，更加懂得珍惜生活和笑看人生。我知道现在的自考文凭改变不了我什么,毕竟年龄偏大了,但我的付出,我的知识的收获,我的大学梦想的实现,我觉得没有白费.它将激励我继续学习, 充实自己......我觉得自考的目的不在文凭,关键在于多学点实用知识,多充实自己,对我而言,自考文凭已不再重要。感谢自考，让我学会坚持；感谢自考，让我知道所有的付出终能得到回报！
第三篇：自考英语教学法
全国2004年10月高等教育自学考试
外语教学法试题
课程代码：00833
Ⅰ.Multiple Choice(15%)
Directions: In this section, you are given 15 questions beneath each of which are four choices
marked A, B, C, and D.You are to make the best choice either to complete the incomplete statement or to answer the question.One point is given to each correct choice..A.1950’sB.1960’sC.1970’s
2.Georgi Lozano was the founder of.A.The Silent Way
C.The Total Physical ResponseD.1980’sB.Suggestopaedia D.Community Language Learning
3.The functional linguistics develops directly from
A.the transformational generative grammar
B.the habit-formation theory
C.the American School of Linguistics
D.the London School of Linguistics
4.Traditional linguists believe that the written form of language is to the spoken form.A.seniorB.juniorC.inferiorD.superior
5.Who applied the theory of conditioning to the way humans acquire language in a book entitled “Verbal Behavior”?
A.SkinnerB.BrunerC.BloomfieldD.Piaget
6.Language meaning depends to a large extent on in which speech acts occurred.A.linguisticB.grammaticalC.culturalD.sociocultural
7.The Oral Approach believes in a theory of learning that is based on a type of.A.behaviouristB.cognitiveC.discoveryD.hypothesis-testing
8.As an inter-disciplinary science, FLTM makes use of of different subjects.A.theoriesB.rulesC.methodsD.languages
9.In Palmer and Hornby’s view, the organization of the grammatical content of a language course should be based on the principle of.A.cognitionB.automaticityC.deductionD.gradation
10.Which of the following became a key feature of the Oral Approach in the 1960’s?
A.Priority of spoken language.B.Classroom instruction in the target language.C.Situational presentation and practice.D.Vocabulary selection.浙00833# 外语教学法试题
A.teacher-orientedB.learner-oriented
C.text-orientedD.activity-oriented
to the organization of language to be taught.A.a discovery methodB.a cognitive approach
C.direct and indirect methodD.a structural approach
13.The most obvious characteristic of the Communicative Approach is that almost everything is
done with a communicative.A.situationB.settingC.informationD.intent
14.All of the following principles reflect the influence of structural linguistics and behaviourist psychology in language teaching except that.A.language is speech, not writing
B.a language is what its native speakers say, not what someone thinks they ought to say
C.languages are different
D.competence comes before performance
15.What are the five factors which are considered crucial components in foreign language
teaching in the ASSRF Method?
A.Attention, security, structure, retention and function.B.Approach, situation, skill, reading and formation.C.Affective factors, situation, structure, rule and function.D.Attention, summarizing, situation, reflection and form.Ⅱ.Filling Blanks:(20%)
Directions: In this section there are 15 statements with 20 blanks.You are to fill each blank with
ONE appropriate word.One point is given to each blank.linguistics.17.According to the advocates of the Direct Method, the verbal expression of an event is18.The cognitive theory of learning as put forward by Ausubel is perhaps best understood by
contrastinglearning and meaningful learning.th19.Towards the end of the 19 century, the language teaching innovation turned into the
20.Chomsky made a difference between the grammatical knowledge and the sentences it
produced.He called the knowledge of grammar rules “
21.The book The Natural Approach: Language Acquisition in the Classroom states the
and of the Natural Approach.22.In the view of Grammar-Translation Method, the first language is maintained as thein the acquisition of the target language.by listening and speaking activities in the Direct Method, that is, by encouraging learners to induce rules by active use of language.浙00833# 外语教学法试题
(taking particular instances and using them to devise a general case)with the minimum of instruction, and errorful.25.According to the psychological principles of the German scholar F.Franke, a direct association between forms and in the target language should be established.26.In Grammar-Translation Method, grammar is the mainin foreign language
classrooms.27.Piaget saw cognitive development as essentially a process of, within which
genetics and experience interact.28.In the opinion of Krashen and Terrell,is the primary function of language.29.In the acquisition-learning hypothesis, it is said that speakers are concerned with not the
but theof language.Psychology.Ⅲ.Matching:(15%)
Directions: This section consists of three groups of pairs listed in two columns, A and B.You are
to match the one marked ①, ②, ③, ④, or ⑤ in Column A with the one marked a,b, c, d, or e in Column B.One point is given to each correct pair you match.31.A: techniques used in
B: the purposea.to present new items or to understand the passage b.to apply the new items c.to check the understanding of the reading passage
d.to introduce new words and grammar rules
e.to apply the grammar rules to examples and to
understand the reading passage
B: the purpose
a.to encourage the students to listen to each other
carefully
b.to check the pronunciation
c.to familiarize the students with the pronunciation
and the pattern
d.to introduce the new model
e.to obtain students’ attention
B: the purpose
a.Wang Cairen Grammar-Translation Method: ① reading② analysis and comparison ③ translation④ reading comprehension questions⑤ written work32.A: procedures/techniques usedin the Oral Approach: ① individual imitation② building up a new model ③ listening practice④ choral imitation⑤ correction by the students themselves 33.A: techniques used in the CognitiveApproach: ① the ASSRF method
浙00833# 外语教学法试题
② dual activity method
③ global method
④ leveled method
⑤ Zhang Sizhong methodb.Zhang Sizhong c.Zhang Jianzhong d.Liu Zhaoyi e.Hao Youming
Ⅳ.Questions for Brief Answers:(30%)
Directions: This section has six questions.You are to briefly answer them.Five points are given to
each question.34.What are the roles of the teacher in the Communicative Approach?
35.According to the cognitive theory, what are two processes that second language acquisition
involves?
36.What are the disadvantages of the Natural Approach?
37.What language skills are emphasized by the Direct Method? Why?
38.Why was speech given a priority in audiolingual classroom practice?
39.What sort of linguistics is the Grammar-Translation Method based on?
Ⅴ.Questions for Long Answers:(20%)
Directions: The two questions in this section are to be answered on the basis of your own teaching
experience as well as the theoretical knowledge you’ve learned.Ten points are given
to each question.40.What theories of language are used by the Communicative Approach as its theoretical basis?
41.Do you think the Direct Method can be used in the second language classrooms today? Why or why not?
浙00833# 外语教学法试题
第四篇：自考英语经验
自考英语经验：计划大于一切
2011-10-18 10:36 网络 【大 中 小】【我要纠错】
我的英语自考自学方法归纳起来有四点：
一是尽早计划，二是见缝插针，三是及时复习，四是一鼓作气。
作为一名已经参加工作的自学考生，这种学习方法也是我在不断地总结，不断地调整的基础上形成的，不会适合每个人，仅此作为一点建议。
在学习过程中，我发现有的课程由于自己没有安排好具体的计划，胸无成竹，或是由于生活琐事或是工作任务的原因，有时会虎头蛇尾，开始时对自己说要如何如何努力，要如何有效率的读书，最后却是草草收场。静下心来，细细想想才发现自学英语是一个需要韧性和耐力远远大于激情和速度改正了浮躁的毛病，我开始在每次考试结束后，就开始准备制订下
一次考试的计划。
在了解大致的章节篇数之后，我会订出要在何时结束课程学习，何时开始复习，何时开始做题。这是一个总打算。除此之外，我还要制订出更详细更具体的计划，具体到一个章节需要多长时间，一天要看多少内容，各门课程在一个月之内如何安排，在一星期之内、一天之内如何安排，总之，尽量详细，尽量具体，把学习进度可行化，当然，一定要留有空隙，给一些自己估计不到的事留出时间，最后，要按照计划切实执行，认真对待，这样既能做到
心中有数，步步为营，也不致于耽误工作或被一些琐事扰乱了全局。
为了使工作学习互不影响，也为了不让计划之外的事情影响学习，我总是见缝插针，抓住一切有限时间学习。有时我会拿不到学习时间为借口偷懒，然而正想集中精神读书时却因为恰恰此时有事而不得不放下书本。所以尽可能提早完成任务而不是不得不拖后，不要等计划的时间，要在事情没到之前就已经完成了计划。还有就是要做学习卡片以便随身携带，能够充分利用零碎时间。这是许多人都建议采纳的一种学习方法，我试着把前一天所记的内容
都记在卡片上第二天在坐车、等车时看看能及时强化记忆。
做学习卡片是一种及时复习的好方法，除此外，每天晚上最好要做一个一天学习的总结，明确自己什么已经记住了，什么还需要第二轮复习，等等。如果没有时间，也要在脑子里把一天所学的知识进行回忆，使每道题从头到尾都有一个很连贯的思路，没有记住的一定要记下来，以便再次巩固。而以前的总结也要随时翻看，这样做看似比较费时，其实为以后的总
复习打下了一个很好的基础。
订计划容易，做起来难。一旦决定照此下去，一定要坚持不懈，一鼓作气，而一旦形成习惯，感觉不会太艰难了。每天早晨6点起床看书是我坚持了10多天而得的习惯，刚刚习惯成自然，可偏偏赶上了过年，几天的吃住在外使得我不得不重新再来。一鼓作气，再而衰，三而竭。让我们共勉。
第五篇：英语自考词汇总结
第一单元
1.常考单词：
goal，objective，accomplish，predict，accompany，implement，tendency，achievement，argue，budget，define，entity
2.常考词组：
in the way，in part，point of view，contribute to，to apply for，in hand，to turn down
3.常考句子：
1)A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.2)Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance.3)If there is no choice，there is no decision to be made.4)For managers every decision has constraints based on politics，procedures，laws，precedents and the like.5)For example，managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion.6)Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is bestyes，25at least，for any future that concerns us now.3)The older you are now，of course，the greater this proportion will be，and greater still if you are a woman.4)If you are now in your thirties，you ought to be aware that you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60.第十单元
1.常考单词：
election vote certainty loyalty decline democrat strategy pursue impact headquarters economy stir congress representative
2.常考词组：
to identify„„as impact on
3.常考句子：
1)Candidates try to project a strong leadership image.(para.4)
2)Whether voters accept this image，however，depends more on external factors than on a candidate's personal characteristics.(para.4)
此句注意主语从句作主语。
3)A year later，with the nation's economy in trouble，Bush's approval rating dropped below 40 percent.4)Candidates are particularly concerned with winning the states which have the largest population.5)Clinton received only 43 percent of the popular vote in 1992，compared with Bush's 38 percent and Perot's 19 percent.第十一单元
1.常考单词：
disorder irrelevant misleading irresponsible eventual replace partly undergo suitable to do research into be central to be irrelevant to to aim for
2.常考句子：
1)The use of animals has been central to the development of anaesthetics.2)Animal research is irrelevant to our health and it can often produce misleading results.3)People and animals are different in their reactions to drugs and in the way their bodies work.4)It would be completely irresponsible and unethical to use drugs on people that had not been thoroughly tested on animals.5)The eventual aim of computer modeling is to reduce the number of animals used in experiments.6)Many other new techniques are now available that enable more research to be done in the test tube to see if chemicals produce harmful biological effects.7)The number of animals used in laboratory tests has declined over the last 20 years.8)This is partly due to alternatives and partly to the fact that experiments are better designed so fewer need to be used.9)Professor David Morton of the department is involved in animal research and is concerned with reducing animal suffering as much as possible.10)This includes keeping them in more suitable cages.include 后面接动名词作宾语。
11)In the US，one experiment in nerve regeneration involves cutting a big nerve in a rat's leg.involve 后面接动名词作宾语。
12)When it comes to research into heart disease and its effects on the body，or diseases of the brain for example，we do not have adequate substitutes for the use of animals.When it comes to 当提到 „ 的时候
第十二单元
1.常考单词：
symptom intellectual detail initial inventor confront sensitivity reflection creativity character trace modest investment to substitute „ for be contrary to to put off be confronted with to gaze at be unaware of to impress„on be free from be beneficial to
2.常考句子：
1)At its best，daydreaming was considered a compensatory substitute for the real things in life.2)There are always those who would substitute fantasy lives for the rewards of real activity.(para.2)
3)Most people suffer from a lack of daydreaming rather than an excess of it.(para.2)
4)Not only are they less able to deal with the pressure of day-to-day existence，but also their self-control and self-direction become endangered.(para.2)
5)But its beneficial effects go beyond this.(para.3)
Go beyond 表示“超越 „，不仅仅是 „ ”
6)Historically，scientists and inventors are one group that seems to take full advantage of relaxed moments.Take advantage of 利用
7)Whenever confronted with a task which seemed too hard to be dealt with，he would stretch out on his laboratory sofa and let fantasies flood his mind.(para.7)
8)Picture yourself as winning and that will contribute remarkably to success.The important thing to remember is to picture these desired objectives as if you had already attained them.第十三单元
1.常考单词：
compel voluntary undertake coincide manual efficiency compulsion division eliminate boring amusement so far as „knows to coincide with attitude toward to go in for
2.常考句子：
1)He cannot be really happy if h is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing.2)Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends，not on the job itself，but on the tastes of the individual who undertake it.3)The difference does not，for example，coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job.4)So that it is natural for him to imagine that the fewer hours he has to spend laboring，and the more hours he is free to play，the better.第十四单元
1.常考单词：
device compassion grab belonging threatening convince foster persuasion avail suspect profound to convince sb.to do sth.to comment on
2.常考句子：
1)It was a microcassette found in Kathleen Weinstein's shirt pocket that not only led police to her alleged killer but also revealed the New Jersey teacher to be a woman of extraordinary courage and compassion.本句是个强调句，另外注意 found 的用法
2)It was there，police believe，that Weinstein was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag.本句是强调句。
3)Weinstein's body，with hands and feet bound，was discovered by a hiker on March17.4)But before she died she somehow slipped the microcassette into her pocket without her killer knowing it.第十五单元
1.常考单词：
solely content sensible persist vital logic evaluate raw ultimate functional extension undue concrete conquer error prolong technician proof possess to pull down to mistake„for to distinguish between to come to terms with to end in to reflect on to come about to speculate on
2.常考句子：
1)Electronic brains can reduce the profusion of dead ends involved in vital research.2)Nor do they connect a man to the things he has to be connected to-the reality of pain in others.注意本句的倒装形式。并且注意“ connect „ to ”表示“把 „ 与 „ 连接起来”。
3)The reason these matters are important in a computerized age is that there may be a tendency to mistake data for wisdom.本句中注意“ tendency ”后面要接动词不定式作定语。另外“ mistake „ for ”表示“把 „ 错认为 „ ”
4)For the danger is not so much that man will be controlled by the computer as that he may imitate it.更多>>
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