第一篇：英美文学教育助力大学生素质培养
李旭中：英美文学教育助力大学生素质培养
随着我国经济社会的发展，加强学生的思想道德教育、进一步推进素质培养，已经成为新时期高校教育的主要特点之一。高校英语专业英美文学课程以提高学生的人文素质为宗旨，以培养学生的认知能力、创新能力和实践能力为重点，既训练学生的语用技能、专业素质，也能够丰富学生的人文学科知识、健全学生的思想人格。所以，各高校应高度重视英美文学课程在培养学生道德素质方面的积极作用，把树立坚定正确的政治方向放在高校学校工作的首位，全面丰富学生的人文学科知识，为学生身心全面发展铺平道路。
英美文学教学对学生人格品质养成具有积极作用
文学是一种宝贵的资源、财富和修养，文学作品中不仅蕴含着对人类自身生存状态的认识和反思，也包括了对人类心灵丰富性和精神面貌的认识，更是对人类生存状态的不断考问，是对真、善、美的追求。英美文学教学不仅具有人文教育功能，而且通过展示作家本人对于社会和人生的思考，对培养学生的英语水平、文化修养和审美情趣，增强跨文化交际意识和文化鉴赏能力具有不可替代的作用。随着其作用越来越多地被广大高校教育界人士所认可，英美文学已经逐步成为各大高校培养高素质英语人才必不可少的课程。
英美文学作品中所表现的人物形象及其人生轨迹，往往对学生的人生境界、人生态度、人生道路的选择具有重大影响和启迪。而在英美文学教学过程中，通过有效整合与运用，诸如英美经典电影、西方美学、西方历史文化、西方宗教、风俗礼仪等其他学科知识，可以有效拓展学生的知识面，丰富学生的人文知识，使学生在学习国外经典文学作品的过程中感悟人生、生命、价值、民族尊严和社会责任。
通过对优秀英美文学作品的赏析，可以养成学生正确的价值取向和高尚的人格品质，培养学生健全、健康的心理。作为世界文化殿堂中的优秀代表，英美文学作品为后人的文学创作积累了丰富的经验，为世界各国的文学发展作出了巨大的贡献。正确的价值观和高尚的人格与学生的人文知识和思维方式密切相关。英美文学作品富含优秀的人文思想和道德价值，通过对作品的分析，可以帮助学生分清善恶、辨别真伪、甄别美丑，增强认识问题、解决问题的能力，进而培养正确的价值取向与高尚的人格品质。
在英美文学作品赏析中催生学生的自主思维能力
高等教育阶段是大学生世界观、人生观、价值观确立的关键时期，所以，英美文学课在教学方法上要服务于提高学生的道德素质、培养其创造性思维这一宗旨。这就需要我们在研读英美文学作品的时候，既要学习作者优秀的艺术创作手法，更要注重对文学作品精神内涵的解读。
自主思维能力是大学生应该具备的最基本的素质之一。所以，高校英美文学课程的教学应改变过去那种以教师为中心的填鸭式教育，而应该以学生讨论为主，积极发挥学生的主动性、能动性，使学生学会自主思考，学会进行复杂的、深入的和富有想象力的辨别，启发和引导学生透过事物的现象看本质，抓住文学作品故事情节背后所探讨和关注的主题。为使学生养成批评性思辨能力，教师应鼓励学生从多角度提出问题，发表不同看法。教师在分析作品时，也可以多将作品中人物的命运和社会背景相结合，让学生参与讨论，找出人物在社会生存中的成功与失败的地方，让他们分清悲剧性人物形成的原因：是个人悲剧还是社会悲剧或是两者兼有，然后将人物置于现实生活，设身处地地思考。通过这种换位体验，让学生明白何为正确的价值取向，从而主动树立正确的人生观、道德观。
与此同时，教师在对英美文学作品进行深入分析时，不仅要让学生了解这部作品所蕴含的主题和人物形象身上所表现的人文精神，更要让他们意识到这些人文思想或人文精神中，哪些是我们的文化所崇尚的，哪些又是不符合我国国情的。也就是说，既要让学生了解西方文化的精髓，又要使他们能意识到我们国家兴盛、民族复兴需要他们具备什么样的人文精神，从
而培养学生对文学作品多样性的认识，有利于大学生形成开放、批判的思维习惯和包容的学术态度，进而有利于培养学生对民族文学的热爱和对民族文化的自信心和自豪感。将学生从僵化被动的学习方式中彻底解放出来
为了克服课堂教学时数不足的不利条件，高校在进行英美文学教育时应尝试建立文学阅读的第二课堂。比如，建立流动书架，布置学生利用课余时间阅读与课程有关的英美文学名著和文艺理论著作；定期召开主题班会，学生可以在班会上对自己喜爱的诗歌、散文或文学作品片段进行交流；引导学生通过话剧、小品等更加灵活的形式强化对英美文学作品的学习，从而有效突破课堂教学时数的限制，丰富学生的文学阅读经历，促进学生语言能力和综合素质的提高。
要在对学科进行考核时建立多元化的评价体系。以往英美文学考试的最大弊端是重结果、轻过程，不利于得到真实的反馈信息，也不能作出有价值的判断。为此，高校可以尝试在英美文学课程评价中，采取课内评价与课外评价相结合、书面测试与口头测试相结合的多元化评价体系。鼓励学生运用基本的文学理论方法进行文学文本分析，培养学生的语言运用能力和审美鉴赏力，突破以往只注重学习结果、不注重过程的传统评价模式，将学生从传统的死记硬背的僵化、被动的学习方式中彻底解放出来，从而有利于培养学生的语言综合运用能力和人文素质。
第二篇：英美文学
A summery of first two lessons
From the previous classes, we＇ve essentially get an brief idea of some basic knowledge about the United Kingdom.The main knowledge points can be concluded as follows:
The full name of the complicated country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Britain is no longer an imperial country, though its past has huge effects.The two main effects respectively lie in Britain＇international relationships and the make-up of the British population.UK, as a multiracial society, has the remarkable class regional and economic differences.London, the capital and the largest city, is dominant in the UK in all fields.England, the largest in geography and population of the four nations, dominant in culture and economy.A British invasions history which experiences from stages.Scotland, the most confident of its own identity, has spent a history as a unified state independent of the UK.Scotland joined the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliament.A brief introduction to Wales.Northern Ireland has an active cultural life but has its problems because of the conflicts and the influence of UK.Irish desires for an indepent Irish state all the time, therefore issues accurred in frequent succession.The Home Rule Bill, the East Rising of 1916 and the Sinn Fein Party made Irish independent.There exists religious conflicts between the Irish and the British because of the ethnical distinction.British government organised a partition of Ireland as a compromise.More violent campaign, IRA＇s violence and Bloody Sunday.In order to halt the terrible conflicts, Ireland and Great Britain aim to cooperate with each other and arrive at a resolution.Finally, the Good Friday Agreement was emerged.Learning first two lessons has laid a good foundation for our further study on the following lessons.I＇m looking forward to comprehend more knowledge about British politics, economy, culture and foreign relations and so on.
第三篇：英美文学
severalfamous sonnets – a powerful expose of social evils
of the poet’s age,– on steadfast love
Artistic achievement profound in their moral depth and more complex in their expressed feelings.University witsa group of talented youngdramatists
Christopher Marlowe(1564-1593)
One of the “University wits”
The greatest tragedy playwright before William Shakespeare
His masterwork: Doctor Faustus(1604)(P75-76)
Doctor Faustus(1604)
Doctor Faustus’s contract with Lucifer, a devil.His twenty four year long life in an exchange for some magic power:
----playing tricks upon the Pope(The bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church on earth.);
---calling for the spirit of Alexander the Great(the emperor ofMacedonia)and it appears;Doctor Faustus(1604)
---having succeeded in having Helen, the beauty of ancient Troy, as his wife.Finally, Doctor Faustus is sent to hell because of the deadly sin has damned both his body and his soul.Doctor Faustus(1604)
Analysis of the hero: Doctor Faustus
Knowledgeable, but having blind faith in human intellect;
Ambitious and proud: A passionate seeker for
power, which comes from forbidden knowledge.Doctor Faustus’s Biblical source:
The fall of Adam and Eve
William Shakespeare
He is the author of 37 plays, but we are not certain of his life story until now.Drama: his career may be dividedinto four periods.(P78)
---Comedies in the four periods
---Tragedies in the four periods
Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)Othello:
---Othello: a capable general in Venice
---Desdemonon: a strong-minded, beautiful girl
---Iago: one of the officers under Othello
Reasons for the tragedy:
jealousy
Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)Macbeth:
---Macbeth: to commit murder in order to become king knowing he will be the king of Scotland from the witch
---lady Macbeth: to encourage her husband
---Duncan: king of Scotand who was murdered by Macbeth
Reasons for the tragedy :ambition, lust for power
Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)King Lear:
---King Lear: a wish to divide his kingdom and give it to his daughters
---Goneril and Regan: his two elder daughters who flatter him
---Cordelia: his youngest daughter who speaks her true mind but loves her father most
Reasons for the tragedy: Misjudgment
Hamlet
Leading characters:
Hamlet : the Prince of Denmark
King Hamlet: Father of the Prince, wecan only see his ghost
Claudius: Hamlet’s uncle, now the King
Gertrude: Hamlet’s mother, and the Queen of Denmark. Polonius:Ophelia’s father, the King’s trusted courtier
Laertes: Ophelia’s brother, Polonius’s son
Hamlet
Act 1:
Old Hamlet’sghost told Hamlet a tale of
horror.There has been murder andadultery;and the Ghost demands revenge for his wrongs.Hamlet makes a promise to revenge for his father’s death before the Ghostleaves.Act 2:
To dull his uncle’s vigilance, Hamlet pretends to go mad.However, his madness is taken by Polonius, an old courtier who is loyal to Claudius , to an emotionaldisturbance due to his passion for Ophelia, daughter of Polonius.At this moment, a company of playersvisits the castle, and Hamlet will have a play acted, which resembles the late king’s murder.Act 3:
The guilty Claudius starts up in fear before the play ends, and goes out.Gertrude sends Hamlet to her chamber, where he reveals Claudius’s baseness and expresses his indignation at her hasty marriage with Claudius, which renders the queen heart-broken.Then Hamlet becomes aware that he is being overheard in the conversation.Thinking it is Claudius that is in hiding, he runs his sword through the arras but finds the eavesdropper thus killed to be Polonius.Before he parts from his mother, Hamlet refers to the King’s decision to send him to England.Act4:
The king now determines to kill Hamlet.He sends Hamlet to England, intending to have him killed there.But pirates capture Hamlet and send him back to Denmark again.Heart-broken at the death of her father, Ophelia goes mad and then is drowned in a stream.Hamlet returns just at the time of her funeral.In the grave-yard he has a quarrel with Laertes, Ophelia’s brother.Laertes vows to avenge the death of his father and sister.Act 5:
With Laertes, Claudius conspires to do away with Hamlet.The kings arranges that Laertes is to challenge Hamlet to a friendly duel andkill him with a poisoned rapier.In the duel, Laertes wounds Hamlet but is himself struck with the same poisoned weapon.Before death, Laertes reveals the plot.The queen, at this moment, has drunk from a poisoned cup intended for Hamlet.Hamlet, in a passion, stabs the King, and then dies through his poisoned wound, giving the election to the crown to young Fortinbras, the prince of Norway.
第四篇：英美文学。
一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America
1．船长约翰•史密斯Captain John Smith
《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》
“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”
《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》
“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country”
《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia”
2．威廉•布拉德福德William Bradford and John Winthrop
《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”
3．约翰•温思罗普John Winthrop
《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England”
4．罗杰•威廉姆斯Roger Williams
《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America”
或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》
Or “ A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ”
5．安妮•布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet
《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》
”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America
二、理性和革命时期文学 The Literature of Reason and Revolution
1。本杰明•富兰克林Benjamin Franklin
※《自传》“ The Autobiography ”
《穷人理查德的年鉴》“Poor Richard’s Almanac”
2。托马斯•佩因Thomas Paine
※《美国危机》“The American Crisis”
《收税官的案子》“The Case of the Officers of the Excise”
《常识》“Common Sense”
《人权》“Rights of Man”
《理性的时代》“The Age of Reason”
《土地公平》“Agrarian Justice”
3。托马斯•杰弗逊Thomas Jefferson
※《独立宣言》
4。菲利浦•弗瑞诺Philip Freneau
※《野忍冬花》“The Wild Honey Suckle”
※《印第安人的坟地》“The Indian Burying Ground”
※《致凯提•迪德》“To a Caty-Did”
《想象的力量》“The Power of Fancy”
《夜屋》“The House of Night”
《英国囚船》“The British Prison Ship”
《战争后期弗瑞诺主要诗歌集》
“The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War”
《札记》“Miscellaneous Works”
第五篇：英美文学
SIR THOMAS MALORY
(1405-1471)
The OutlineI.SIR THOMAS MALORY
II.Morte d' Arthur《亚瑟王之死》
III.Questions for Discussion
.SIR THOMAS MALORY(1405-1471)
Life: He was very rich because he inherited a
considerable estate in Warwickshire(a county in west
central England)upon his father's death in 1433 and he
seems to have quickly become drawn into the turmoil of
local politics.In 1445, he became a Member of
Parliament for his county: a rather unstable area during
this time because the usually powerful Earl of Warwick,was only in his mid-teens.A lot of political affairs in Warwickshire led Sir
Thomas into his numerous clashes with the law.From
1444 onwards, he was caught up in raids(袭击)on the
attacks on the Duke of Buckingham and Combe Abbey
大修道院,大寺院 , as well as a number of thefts in the county
of Essex.Keen to blacken his name, Sir Thomas'
enemies branded(给某人加上污名)him “a rapist, church-
robber, extortioner(勒索者，敲诈者)and would-be
murderer".Unlucky or incompetent,Sir Thomas was certainly in prison almost
continuously throughout the 1450s, though he did
escape several times.His pardon came to him in
October 1462, followed by military service in
Northumbria.From then on he kept his head down,but may have become embroiled(使卷入)in Cook's
Conspiracy(阴谋活动)of 1468, for which he was
imprisoned.There, he turned to writing and earned
eternal fame.Sir Thomas died on 12th March 1471,probably in Newgate Prison(London).He was buried in the nearby Friary Church of St.Francis.II.Morte d' Arthur
《亚瑟王之死》
Malory's tale begins with the mysterious birth of Arthur and ends with his equally mysterious death.The central concern is with the adventures of Arthur and his famous Knights of the Round Table.The knights fight many battles and win glory, all of which is a credit to the name of King Arthur.Near the end of the story, however, the tide of good fortune turns.Launcelot, one of Arthur's knights, falls in love with Arfhur's queen, Guinever, and the lady
returns his love.One by one the other knight become discontented(使不满), selfish, or
disillusioned(使醒悟;使不再抱幻想;使...的理想破灭).Thus weakened, the kingdom is attacked by force under Sir Mordred, Arthur's treacherous(背叛的;不忠的)nephew, and ultimately it goes down in defeat.Arthur is borne away(被...所驱使)on a barge(大型平底船)by three mysterious ladies of the Lake.Morte d‘Arthur was written in a time of transition.The feudal order was dying.By the time Malory began writing his story, soldiers were fighting with gunpowder, a middle class of
tradesmen was arising;and the practices of chivalry were being replaced(代替,取代)by a new aristocratic code.Malory, in a desire to escape the disorder and uneasiness of his day,tried to recapture lost ideals of the romantic past as recounted(叙述,讲述)in his tale of noble kings, adventurous knights, and damsels(少女;闺女)in distress(悲痛;苦恼;忧伤;贫困,穷苦;危难;不幸;引起痛苦或悲痛的事物).This book is very important in English literature.Its Arthurian materials have a strong influence on literature of later centuries.III.Questions for Discussion
1.What are the features of Popular Ballads?
2.What is the story of Morte d‘Arthur ?
3.Why is Sir Thomas Malory an important writer the 15th century?
1.What are the features of Popular Ballads?
See the last paragraph on Page 50 to the fifth paragraph on Page 51.of our text book.What is the story of Morte d‘Arthur ?See Page 6 –9 of our PPt..Why is Sir Thomas Malory an important writer the 15th century?
See the first paragraph on Page 52 of our text book.
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