第一篇：商务合同重要用词对照翻译
商务合同属于法律性公文，所以英译时，有些词语要用公文语词语、特别是酌情使用英语惯用的一套公文语副词，就会起到使译文结构严谨、逻辑严密、言简意赅的作用。
一.公文副詞
但是从一些合同的英文译本中发现，这种公文语副同常被普通词语所代替，从而影响到译文的质量。
实际上，这种公文语惯用副同为数并不多，而已构词简单易记。常用的这类副词是由 here、there、where 等副词分别加上 after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with 等副词，构成一体化形式的公文语副词。例如：
从此以后、今后：hereafter；here after the contract
此后、以后：thereafter；there after the contract
在其上：thereon hereupon；thereon hereupon
在其下：thereunder；thereunder the contract
对于这个：hereto;hereto the contract
对于那个：whereto= to which
在上文：hereinabove hereinbefore；
在下文：hereinafter herein below；herein after the contract
在上文中、在上一部分中：thereinbefore；therein before the contract
在下文中、在下一部分中：thereinafter．Therein after the contract
现用两个实例，说明在英译合同中如何酌情使用上述副词。
例 1：本合同自买方和建造方签署之日生效。
This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder.例 2：下述签署人同意在中国制造新产品，其品牌以此为合适。
The undersigned hereby agrees that the new products whereto this trade name is more appropriate are made in China.二、谨慎选用极易混淆的词语
英译商务合同时，常常由于选同不当而寻致词不达意或者意思模棱两可，有时甚至表达的是完全不同的含义。因此了解与掌握极易混淆的词语的区别是极为重要的，是提高英译质量的关键因素之一，现把常用且易混淆的七对词语，用典型实例论述如下。
2.1.shipping advice 与 shipping instructions
shipping advice 是“装运通知”，是由出口商（卖主）发给进口商（买主）的。然而 shipping instructions 则是“装运须知”，是进口商（买主）发给出口商（卖主）的。另外要注意区分 vendor（卖主）与 vendee（买主），consignor（发货人）与 consignee（收货人）。上述这三对词语在英译时、极易发生笔误。
2.2.abide by 与 comply with
abide by 与 comply with 都有“遵守”的意思．
但是当主语是“人”时，英译“遵守”须用 abide by。
当主语是非人称时，则用 comply with 英译“遵守”。
例 3：双方都应遵守/双方的一切活动都应遵守合同规定。
Both parties Shall abide by/All the activities of both parties shall comply with the contractual stipulations.2.3.change A to B 与 change A into B
英译“把 A 改为 B”用“change A to B”，英译“把 A 折合成/兑换成 B”用“change A into B”，两者不可混淆。
例 4：交货期改为 8 月并将美元折合成人民币。
Both parties agree that change the time of shipment to August and change US dollar into Renminbi.2.4.ex 与 per
源自拉丁语的介词 ex 与 per 有各自不同的含义。英译由某轮船“运来”的货物时用 ex，由某轮船“运走”的货物用 Per，而由某轮船“承运”用 by。
例 5：由“维多利亚”轮运走/运来/承运的最后一批货将于 10 月 1 日抵达伦敦。The last batch per/ex/by S.S.“Victoria” will arrive at London on October(S.S.= Steamship)
2.5.in 与 after
当英译“多少天之后”的时间时，往往是指“多少天之后”的确切的一天，所以必须用介词 in，而不能用 after，因为介词 after 指的是“多少天之后”的不确切的任何一天。例 6：该货于 11 月 10 日由“东风”轮运出，41 天后抵达鹿特丹港。
The good shall be shipped per M.V.“Dong Feng” on November 10 and are due to arrive at Rottedaml in 41 days.(M.V.= motor vessel
2.6.on/upon 与 after
当英译“„„到后，就„„”时，用介词 on/upon，而不用 after，因为 after 表示“之后”的时间不明确。
例 7：发票货值须货到付给。
The invoice value is to be paid on/upon arrival of the goods.2.7.by 与 before
当英译终止时间时，比如“在某月某日之前”，如果包括所写日期时，就用介词 by；如果不包括所写日期，即指到所写日期的前一天为止，就要用介词 before。
例 8：卖方须在 6 月 15 日前将货交给买方。
The vendor shall deliver the goods to the vendee by June 15.(or: before June 16，说明含 6 月 15 日在内。如果不含 6 月 15 日,就译为 by June 14 或者 before June 15。)
三、慎重处理合同的关键细目
实践证明，英译合同中容易出现差错的地方，一般来说，不是大的陈述性条款。而恰恰是一些关键的细目．比如：金钱、时间、数量等。为了避免出差错，在英译合同时，常常使用一些有限定作用的结构来界定细目所指定的确切范围。
3.1.限定责任
众所周知，合同中要明确规定双方的责任。为英译出双方责任的权限与范围，常常使用连词和介词的固定结构。现把最常用的此类结构举例说明如下。
3.1.1 and/or
常用 and/or 英译合同中“甲和乙+甲或乙”的内容，这样就可避免漏译其中的一部分。例 9：如果上述货物对船舶和（或）船上其它货物造成任何损害，托运人应负全责。
The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and/or cargo on buard.3.1.2 by and between
常用 by and between 强调合同是由“双方”签订的，因此双方必须严格履行合同所赋于的责任。
例 10：买卖双方同意按下述条款购买出售下列商品并签订本合同。Whereby the contract This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the undermentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below.3.2.限定时间
英译与时间有关的文字，都应非常严格慎重地处理，因为合同对时间的要求是准确无误。所以英译起止时间时，常用以下结构来限定准确的时间。
3.2.1 双介词
用双介词英译含当天日期在内的起止时间。
例 11；自 9 月 2O 日起，甲方已无权接受任何定单或收据。
Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 20.例 12：我公司的条件是，3 个月内，即不得晚于 5 月 1 日，支付现金。
Our terms are cash within three months, i.e.on or before May 1.3.2.2 not(no)later than
用“not(no)later than +日期”英译“不迟于某月某日”。
例 13：本合同签字之日一个月内，即不迟于 12 月 15 日，你方须将货物装船。
Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract, i.e.not later than December 15.3.2.3 include 的相应形式
常用 include 的相应形式：inclusive、including 和 included，来限定含当日在内的时间。例 14：本证在北京议付，有效期至 1 月 1 日。
This credit expires till January 1(inclusive)for negotiation in Beijing.(or:This credit expires till and including January 1 for negotiation in Beijing.)如果不包括 1 月 1 日在内，英译为 till and not including January 1。
3.3.限定金额
为避免金额数量的差漏、伪造或涂改，英译时常用以下措施严格把关。
3.3.1.大写文字重复金额
英译金额须在小写之后，在括号内用大写文字重复该金额，即使原文合同中没有大写，英译时也有必要加上大写。在大写文字前加上“SAY”，意为“大写”；在最后加上“ONLY”．意思为“整”。必须注意：小写与大写的金额数量要一致。
例 16：聘方须每月付给受聘方美元 500 元整。
Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $ 500(SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY).3.3.2.正确使用货币符号
英译金额必须注意区分和正确使用各种不同的货币名称符号。“$”既可代表“美元”，又可代表其他某些地方的货币；而“￡”不仅代表“英镑”，又可代表其他某些地方的货币。必须注意：当金额用数字书写时，金额数字必须紧靠货币符号，例如：Can $891,568，不能写成：Can $ 891,568。另外，翻译的还要特别注意金额中是小数点(.)还是分节号(,)，因为这两个符号极易引起笔误，稍有疏忽，其后果是不堪设想的。
以上内容摘自译心译意
英文商务用语(请求报价)
时间：2006-11-02 07:00来源： 本网文字选择：大中小
a.兹函请提供„„的报价。
We are writing to invite quotations for the supply of….b.请将定期供应„„之报价赐知。
Please let us have a quotation for the regular supply for….c.请将下列货品的最低价格赐知。
Kindly quote us your lowest prices for the goods listed below.
第二篇：英文合同翻译用词——herein
四 herein
英文释义:in this
中文译词:此中，于此
用法:表示上文已提及的“本合同（中）的……，本法（中）的……”等时，使用该词。如表示“本法（中）所称的不正当竞争”，可译为“unfair competition mentioned herein”，此处herein表示“in this Law”；表示“本协议（中）内容”，译为“the Contents herein”，此处herein表示“in this Agreement”。
语法：置于所修饰词后,紧邻所修饰词.例1
Unfair competition mentioned in this Law refers to such acts of business operators as contravene the provisions hereof, with a result of damaging the lawful rights and interests of other business operators, and disturbing the socio-economic order.Business operators mentioned herein refer to such legal persons, other economic organizations and individuals as engage in the trading of goods or profit-making services(hereafter called Goods including services).注释：
（1）unfair competition：不正当竞争
（2）mentioned in this Law：本法所称
（3）refer to：是指
（4）contravene the provisions hereof：违反本法规定
（5）damage the lawful rights and interests of other business operators：损害其他经营者的合法权益
（6）disturb the socio-economic order：扰乱社会经济秩序
（7）business operators mentioned herein：本法所称的经营者 herein：in this Law
（8）engage in the trading of goods or profit-making services：从事商品经营或营利性服务 engage in：从事，be engaged in：忙于
参考译文：
本法所称的不正当竞争，是指经营者违反本法规定，损害其他经营者的合法权益，扰乱社会经济秩序的行为。
本法所称的经营者，是指从事商品经营或营利性服务（以下所称商品包括服务）的法人、其他经济组织和个人。
例2
This Law is hereby formulated and prepared in order to develop the foreign trade, maintain the foreign trade order and promote the healthy development of the socialist market economy.Foreign trade mentioned herein shall cover the import and export of goods, technology and the international trade in services.注释：
（1）this Law is hereby formulated and prepared：兹制定本法
（2）maintain the foreign trade order：维护对外贸易秩序
（3）promote the healthy development of the socialist market economy：促进社会主义市场经济的健康发展
（4）foreign trade mentioned herein：本法所称对外贸易 herein：in this Law
（5）the international trade in services：国际服务贸易
参考译文：
为了发展对外贸易，维护对外贸易秩序，促进社会主义市场经济的健康发展，兹制定本法。本法所称对外贸易，是指货物进出口、技术进出口和国际服务贸易。
例3
The term “company” mentioned herein refers to such a limited liability company or such a company limited by shares as are established within the territory of China in accordance with this Law.注释：
（1）mentioned herein：mentioned in this Law 本法所称
（2）limited liability company：有限责任公司
（3）company limited by shares：股份有限公司
（4）within the territory of China：在中国境内
参考译文：
本法所称公司是指依照本法在中国境内设立的有限责任公司和股份有限公司。
例4
Illegal gains from the crimes as specified in this Decision shall, if any, be confiscated.Where those commit crimes against the provisions herein, with their illegal gains to be confiscated, a fine imposed on, their property forfeited and a civil compensation assumed by, and their property and assets are insufficient for the payments of all the above items, they shall first be liable for the civil compensation.注释：
（1）illegal gains：违法所得
（2）shall be confiscated：应当予以没收
（3）the provisions herein：the provisions in this Decision 本决定规定
（4）illegal gains to be confiscated：被没收违法所得
（5）a fine imposed on：判处罚金
（6）property forfeited：没收财产
（7）a civil compensation assumed by：承担民事赔偿责任
参考译文：
犯本决定规定之罪有违法所得的，应当予以没收。
犯本决定规定之罪，被没收违法所得、判处罚金、没收财产、承担民事责任的，其财产不足以支付时，先承担民事赔偿责任。
例5
The terms “FOB”, “CFR” or “CIF” shall be subject to the “International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms”(INCOTERMS, 2000)provided by International Chamber of Commerce(ICC)unless otherwise specified herein(in this Contract).注释：
（1）（1）“FOB”（free on board）(…Named port of shipment)：船上交货（…<指定装运港>）
（2）（2）“CFR”（Cost and Freight）(…Named port of destination)：成本加运费（…<指定目的港>）
（3）（3）“CIF”（Cost, Insurance and Freight）(…Named port of destination)：成本、保险费加运费（……<指定目的港>）
（4）（4）the “International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms”(INCOTERMS, 2000)：《国际贸易术语解释通则（INCOTERMS）2000》
参考译文：
除非本合同另有规定，“FOB”、“CFR”和“CIF”均应依照国际商会制定的《国际贸易术语解释通则（INCOTERMS）2000》办理。
例6
Unless otherwise expressly provided for herein, if all disputes, controversies or differences arising out of or in relation to the execution of this Agreement between the Parties hereto, or any breach or default of the provisions hereof(including but not limited to, a dispute concerning the existence or continued existence of this Agreement, and the validity of the Arbitration Clause)fail to be settled amicably, the disputes, controversies or differences in question shall be submitted for arbitration.注释：
（1）unless otherwise expressly provided for herein：除非另有明确表示 herein：in this Agreement
（2）dispute：争议
（3）controversy：纠纷
（4）difference：歧意
（5）the Parties hereto：the Parties to this Agreement本协议双方
（6）any breach or default of the provisions hereof：任何违约及过失
（7）including but not limited to：包括，但不限于
（8）the validity of the Arbitration Clause：仲裁条款有效性 arbitration clause 仲裁条款 参考译文：
除非另有明确表示，则由于执行本协议所引发或与本协议有关的协议双方的所有争议、纠纷或歧意，以及任何违约及过失（包括，但不限于有关本协议存续的争议，仲裁条款有效性的争议），如不能以友好协商的方式解决，则提交仲裁。
例7
The Agent shall, pursuant to the conditions and provisions specified herein, on the Disbursement Date, credit the funds received to such account as is specified by the Borrower under Sub-Clause
2.2 of this Contract.注释：
（1）the Agent：correspondent bank 代理行
（2）pursuant to the conditions and provisions specified herein：按照本合同规定的条件 herein：in this Contract
（3）on the Disbursement Date：在付款日
（4）credit the funds received：贷记入所收资金
（5）the Borrower：借款人
参考译文：
代理行应按照本合同规定的条件，在付款日将所收资金贷记入借款人根据2.2款指定的帐户。
第三篇：英文合同翻译用词——hereof
二 hereof
英文释义: of this
中文译词:关于此点；在本文件中
用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的……”时，使用该词。例如表示本合同条件、条款时，可以说“the terms, conditions and provisions hereof”，这里hereof表示“of this Contract”；又如表示本工程的任何部分，可用“any parts hereof”，这里hereof表示“of this Works”。语法：一般置于要修饰的名词的后面，与之紧邻。
hereof和thereof的区别：hereof强调“of this”。例如，上面的“the terms, conditions and provisions thereof”中的thereof表示of the Contract；“any parts thereof”中的thereof表示of the Works。
例1
Whether the custom of the Port is contrary to this Clause or not, the owner of the goods shall, without interruption, by day and night, including Sundays and holidays(if required by the carrier), supply and take delivery of the goods.Provided that the owner of the goods shall be liable for all losses or damages including demurrage incurred in default on the provisions hereof.注释：
（1）Whether the custom of the Port is contrary to this Clause or not：不论港口习惯是否与本款规定相反，whether… or not：不论……是否
（2）the owner of the goods：货方
（3）without interruption：无间断地
（4）carrier：承运人
（5）in default on the provisions hereof：违反本款规定 hereof：of this Clause
参考译文：
不论港口习惯是否与本款规定相反，货方都应昼夜地，包括星期日和假日（如承运人需要），无间断地提供和提取货物。货方对违反本款规定所引起的所有损失或损坏，包括滞期应负担赔偿责任。
例2
Foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this Law shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, cover such legal entities and other organization as are engaged in foreign trade dealings.注释：
（1）foreign trade dealers：对外贸易经营者
（2）as mentioned in this Law：本法所称
（3）the provisions hereof：the provisions of this Law 本法规定
（4）legal entity：法人
（5）be engaged in foreign trade dealings：从事对外贸易经营活动
参考译文：
本法所称对外贸易经营者，是指依照本法规定从事对外贸易经营活动的法人和其他组织。例3
The establishment of a limited liability company or a company limited by shares shall comply with the conditions and provisions of this Law.A company complying with the conditions and provisions hereof may be registered as a limited liability company or a company limited by shares.Provided that if a company fails to comply with the conditions and provisions hereof, the company in question shall not be registered as a limited liability company or a company limited by shares.注释：
（1）a limited liability company：有限责任公司（2）a company limited by shares：股份有限公司
（3）provisions hereof：本法规定 hereof: of this Law（4）may be registered as：登记为 参考译文：
设立有限责任公司、股份有限公司，必须符合本法规定的条件。符合本法规定的条件的，登记为有限责任公司或者股份有限公司；不符合本法规定的条件的，不得登记为有限责任公司或股份有限公司。例4
If, as a result of withdrawal or any other reasons, an arbitrator fails to perform his duties as an arbitrator, another arbitrator shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, be selected or appointed.注释：
（1）as a result of withdrawal or any other reasons：回避或者其它原因（2）arbitrator：仲裁员
（3）the provisions hereof：the provisions of this Law 本法规定（4）be selected or appointed：选定或指定 参考译文：
仲裁员因回避或者其它原因不能履行职责的，应当依照本法规定重新选定或指定仲裁员。例5
In the event of conflict between the provisions on arbitration formulated and prepared prior to the effective date of this Law and the provisions of this Law, the provisions hereof shall prevail.注释：
（1）conflict：相抵触
（2）prior to the effective date of this Law：本法施行前
（3）the provisions hereof shall prevail：以本法为准 hereof：of this Law 参考译文：
本法施行前制定的有关仲裁的规定与本法的规定相抵触的，以本法为准。例6
Where, in accordance with laws, the circumstance(s)specified in Article 15 and Article 16 of this Law is /are confirmed, the organization with compensatory obligations shall pay compensation in any of the circumstance in question.Where the claimant for compensation demands the confirmation of one of the circumstances specified in Article 15 and Article 16 hereof, and the demanded organization refuses to make the confirmation, the claimant shall have the right to lodge a complaint.Where the claimant claims compensation, the claim, shall, first, be lodged to the organization for compensatory obligations.The provisions of Article 10, Article 11 and Article 12 hereof shall apply to/ in the procedures of compensation.注释：
（1）the organization with compensatory obligations：赔偿义务机关（2）shall pay compensation：应当给予赔偿（3）the claimant for compensation：赔偿请求人
（4）Article 15 and Article 16 hereof：本法第十五条、第十六条 hereof：of this Law
（5）shall have the right to lodge a complaint：有权申诉（6）claims compensation：要求赔偿（7）apply to/ in：适用 More Examples: The comment applies equally here./That argument does not apply in this case./That applies to at least nine-tenths of the people we see about./These remarks apply to every town in this kingdom./The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.参考译文：
赔偿义务机关对依法确认有本法第十五条、第十六条规定的情形之一的，应当给予赔偿。赔偿请求人要求确认有本法第十五条、第十六条规定情形之一的，被要求的机关不予确认的，赔偿请求人有权申诉。赔偿请求人要求赔偿，应当先向赔偿义务机关提出。赔偿程序适用本法第十条、第十一条、第十二条的规定。例7
If an arbitrator involved in one of circumstances specified in Item 4, Article 34 of this Law, and if it is serious, or those specified in Item 6, Article 58 hereof, the arbitrator in question shall, in accordance with the law, bear the legal liability and responsibility.The arbitration commission shall remove the name of the arbitrator in question from the list of arbitrators.注释：
（1）arbitrator：仲裁员
（2）Article 58 hereof：本法第五十八条 hereof：of this Law（3）bear the legal liability and responsibility：承担法律责任（4）the arbitration commission：仲裁委员会
（5）remove the name of the arbitrator in question from the list of arbitrators：将其除名 参考译文：
仲裁员有本法第三十四条第四项规定的情形，情节严重的，或者有本法第五十八条第六项规定的情形的，应当依法承担法律责任，仲裁委员会应当将其除名。例8
If, pursuant to this Law, the relevant responsible authorities with the duty of approvals fail to grant approval to such an application as meets the requirements and provisions hereof, or the company registration authorities fail to register a company whose application meets the requirements hereof, the party in question may, in accordance with laws, apply for reconsideration or bring an administrative suit.注释：
（1）the relevant responsible authorities with the duty of approvals：履行审批职责的有关主管部门
（2）meets the requirements and provisions hereof：符合本法条件（3）the company registration authorities：负责公司登记的主管部门（4）the requirements hereof：本法条件 hereof: of this Law（5）apply for reconsideration：申请复议
（6）bring an administrative suit：提起行政诉讼 参考译文：
依照本法，履行审批职责的有关主管部门，对符合本法条件的申请不予批准，或负责公司登记的主管部门不予登记，当事人可以依法申请复议或者提起行政诉讼。例9
This Decision shall apply to the crimes committed against Article 9, Article 10 and Article 11 hereof by the staff and workers of enterprises other than limited liability companies and
companies limited by shares.注释：
（1）the crimes committed：犯罪行为
（2）against Article 9, Article 10 and Article 11 hereof：犯有本决定第九条、第十条、第十一条规定 hereof: of this Decision 参考译文：
有限责任公司、股份有限公司以外的企业职工有本决定第九条、第十条、第十一条规定的犯罪行为的，适用本决定。例10
Companies registered and established prior to the effective date of this Law shall, in accordance with Laws, administrative regulations, local regulations and pursuant to the “Standard Opinion on Limited Liability Companies” or the “Standard Opinion on Companies Limited by Shares” issued by the relevant responsible department of the State Council, continue to exist.Those companies not completely satisfying the requirements of this Law shall, within the specified time limit, meet the requirements hereof.Specific methods for implementation of this Law will be set out in separate regulations issued by the State Council.注释：
（1）companies registered：已登记成立的公司
（2）the “Standard Opinion on Limited Liability Companies”：《有限责任公司规范意见》（3）the “Standard Opinion on Companies Limited by Shares”：《股份有限公司规范意见》（4）the relevant responsible department of the State Council国务院有关主管部门（5）in separate regulations issued by the State Council：由国务院另行规定 参考译文：
本法施行前已登记成立的公司，应依照法律、行政法规、地方性法规和国务院有关主管部门制定的《有限责任公司规范意见》，和《股份有限公司规范意见》，继续保留。其中不完全具备本法规定的条件的，应当在规定的期限内达到本法规定的条件。具体实施办法，由国务院另行规定。例11
Unfair competition mentioned in this Law refers to acts of such business operators as contravene the provisions hereof, with a result of damaging the lawful rights and interests of other business operators, and disturbing the socio-economic order.注释：
（1）unfair competition：不正当竞争（2）business operators：经营者（3）contravene the provisions hereof：违反本法规定 the provisions hereof：本法规定 hereof：of this Law
（4）the lawful rights and interests：合法权益
（5）disturbing the socio-economic order：扰乱社会经济秩序
参考译文：
本法所称的不正当竞争，是指经营者违反本法规定，损害其他经营者的合法权益，扰乱社会经济秩序的行为。
第四篇：商务合同翻译
1)为了便于甲方及时开展工作，乙方应于2009年12月31日前将第一批寄售货物运到甲方处。在2010年3月十五日左右，甲、乙双方应就剩下的寄售期限可能销量达成共识。
In order to facilitate Party A’s work of starting the consignment sales on time, Party B should ship the first lot of consignment goods to Party A before Dec.31, 2009.On or about March 15, 2010, Party A and Party B shall meet to mutually determine on acceptable sales level for the remainder of the consignment period.2)在寄售合同到期后的一个月内，甲方将按合同单价把已售出的货物以美元形式全额汇给乙方。如果有销售额总额超过15万美元的情况，甲方应在一月内将销售款以美元形式汇给乙方。
Within one month after expiration of the consignment period, Party A shall remit Party B the total sum in U.S Dollars based on the contracted unit price for those items which have been sold.If at any time the total value of goods sold exceeds the amount of U.S.Dollars 150000, Party A shall remit the total sum in U.S.Dollars to Party B within one month’s period of time.3)装配所需的主要零件、消耗品及部件由甲方运至广州。如有零部件短少或破损，甲方应负责补充替换。
甲方应于成品交运1个月前开出不可撤销的信用证以支付全部装配费和乙方在广州购买零件、消耗品和部件的费用。
The main parts, consumption articles and components required for assembling will be sent in time to Guangzhou by Party A and if there is any shortage of , or damage to these parts and components , Party A shall be responsible for supplying replacements.Party A shall pay Party B by opening an irrevocable L/C covering the full amount of assembling charges and costs of parts , consumption articles and components purchased in Guangzhou by Party B , one month before the shipment of the finished products concerned.4）一切与本合同有关的进出口手续，均由乙方办理。
乙方将所装配的晶体管收音机运交甲方指定的外国买主。有关运费和保险费由甲方负担。All import and export procedures in connection with this contract shall be taken care of by Party
B.All transistor radios assembled by Party B will be shipped to foreign buyers designated by Party A.The relevant freight and insurance premium shall be borne by Party A.5）晶体管收音机的商标由甲方供给，如有法律纠纷，甲方应负完全责任。
如因装配需要，由乙方在广州购买的零部件必须达到品质标准，并应事先经过甲方核准。The trade marks of transistor radios will be supplied by Party A and should there be any illegal involvement, Party A is to be held fully responsible.All parts and components purchased by Party B in Guangzhou, if necessary for assembling transistor radios, must measure up to the quality standards of, and be approved by Party A beforehand.6）本合同自受聘方到校之日起生效，到聘期届满时失效。如一方要求延长聘期，必须在合同期满前一个月用书面向对方提出，经双方协商同意后另签延聘合同。
This Contract comes into effect on the first day of the engaged party’s arrival at the AA University and ceases to be effective at its expiration.If either party wishes to renew the Contract, the other
party shall be notified in writing one month before it expires.Upon agreement by both parties through consultation, a new contract may be signed between two parties.7）公司为一有限责任公司及在中华人民共和国法律下的法人，公司的所有活动应遵守中华人民共和国颁布的法律、法令及条例，公司的所有合法权益及利益受中华人民共和国的法律管辖及保护。
The Company is a limited liability company and a legal person under the laws of the People’s Republic of China.All the activities of the Company shall comply with the laws, decrees and regulations promulgated by the People’s Republic of China.All the lawful rights and interests of the Company are subject to the jurisdiction and protection of the laws of the People’s Republic of China.8）合营的一方如不履行本合同或公司章程的义务，违约一方得赔偿另一方因此而遭受的经济损失。
在合营期限内，双方都无权单方面宣布撤销或终止本合同。
If either of the Parties fails to fulfil its obligations under this Contract , it shall compensate the other party for all its economic losses resulting therefrom.During the term of operation of the Company, neither Party has the right to announce unilaterally the cancellation or termination of this Contract.9）公司注册资本为9000万美元。由中方在签约后30天内提供土地使用权。外方在2001年3月1日以前提供办公楼、厂房、必须的设备、设备、机器、工具、仪器、工业产权、非专利技术、生产资金、流动资金等。
The registered capital of the Company is USD 90 million.The Chinese Corp provides the right to use land within 30 days after signing the Agreement.The Foreign Co.provides the office building, factory premises, necessary facilities, equipment, machines, tools, instruments, industrial property rights, non-patent technology, production funds, operating funds, etc.before March 1, 2001.10）如因不可抗力事件使公司无法继续营业时，本协议可通过双方协商予以提前终止。如果中方或外方想要把本协议规定的权利和义务进行全部或部分转让，另一方有优先购买权。转让必须得到审批机关的批准。
In case of Force majeure, which makes it impossible for the Company to continue its business, this Agreement may be terminated ahead of schedule through consultation between the two parties.If the Chinese or foreign party wishes to make an assignment of all or part of its rights and obligations prescribed in this Agreement, the other party shall have the preemptive right to purchase the same.The assignment must obtain the approval of the examination and approval authority.11)如果在保证期内发现运交的设备有缺陷，投资人必须按中方的要求，及时适当解决
In case defect of the delivered equipment is found within the warranty period.INVESTOR shall take appropriate action for settlement without delay ,upon SINO`s request
12)在上述情况下，该缺点经鉴定是由于中方操作经验不足，搬运不当或某一物品的消耗所致，则投资人应要求中方支付实际运输费用
In the above instance investor shall request SINO for payment of the actual costs of transportation ,when such defect is judged to be due to inexperienced operation by sino or due to inappropriate handling ,or due to an article of consumption
13)在投资人派遣工程师的任务完成以后，中方如有必要仍可要求投资人继续给以技术支持，但投资人应要求中方为这种增加的合作支付费用，合作的条款由双方将来讨论约定。
Sino shall be able to request for continued technical support from investor , if necessary, even after completion of the above despatchofinvestor`sengineers.however ,in this instance.investor shall be able to request sino for the cost of such additional technological cooperation.terms and conditions shall be subject to mutual discussion and agreement between sino and investor ,in future
14)乙方确认由其所生产的许可证产品必须严格按照甲方所提供的设计，图纸及规格生产，除依第C条第一款规定的修改内容以外，在任何情况下许可证产品均具备与 所生产的产品相同的质量与运动性能。如果乙方未严格依照甲方的设计，图纸及规格生产，则甲方对于乙方的许可证产品不承担任何担保责任。
15）GTT是中方和投资人之间的桥梁GTT应协助中方用展销会，研讨会，技术培训等办法在中国销售产品GTT应在产品品质合格时考虑把这些产品销往欧洲和非洲
1)GTT shall act as a bridge between SINO and INVESTOR
2)GTT shall assist SINO in marketing in china of products finished by SINO by means fo trade show ,seminar ,technical traning program ,ect
3)GTT shall consider marketing finished products to Europe and Africa when the quality turns out to be satisfactory
16）如果初次检验不合格应进行第二次检验，如果第二次检验仍不合格，则投资人赢在2个月内自费调换有关设备如果检验合格，双方应签署检验证明书一式二份，双方各执一份
1)In case initial test is unsatisfactory ,a second test shall be carried out.if the second test is again unsatisfactory ,INVESTOR shall replace the equipment involved atits own cost ,within two months after the second text
2)in case text results are satisfactory ,SINO and INVESTOR shall sign a text certificate in duplicate and each party shall keep one copy
17）本合同的订立，效力，解释，执行及由其引起争议的解决均适用中华人民共和国颁布的法律，法令，和条例规定
The making ,validity ,interpretation and implementation of this contract and the settlement of disputes arising thereform shall shall be governed by laws ,decrees and regulations promulgated by the people`s republic of china
18）受聘方的工作时间每周5天，每天7小时，受聘方按照中国，澳大利亚两国政府规定的节假日放假，寒假按本校校历规定。
The engaged party works five days a week and seven hours a day ,the engaged party have legal holidays as prescribed by both Chinese and Australian governmentthe winter vacation is fixed by the school calenderf
19）聘方每月支付给受聘方工资2000澳元，并按照澳大利亚政府对在澳工作的外籍教师的规定提供各种福利待遇
The engaginfg party pays the engaged party a monthly salary of 2000 australian dollars and provides him with various benefits as prescribed by Australian government for foreign teachers working in Australia
20）受聘方在入境，离境，或过境时，必须遵守澳大利亚政府有关外国人居住，工资福利以及旅行等的法律，规章，并遵守聘方的工作制度。
The engaged party shall abide by the laws and regulations of the Australian government concerning residence ,wages and benefits ,and travel for foreigners when entering ,leaving and passing through the territory of the country ,and shall follow the working system of the engaging party
21）双方均不得无故撤销合同如果聘方要求中途终止合同，除按上述条款承担工资福利待遇外，需给受聘方增发3个月的工资作为补偿金，并于1个月内安排受聘方及其家属回国并承担有关费用
若受聘方中途提出辞职，聘方自同意之日起即停发工资，受聘方不再享受各项福利待遇，受聘方及其家属回国的一切费用均由本人自理
Neither party shall cancel the contract without reasonable causes ,if the engaging party finds it
22）乙方在签约后15天内，为加工设备开出以甲方为受益人的银行承兑信用证，其金额不得少于2220万日元，见票180天付款。这份信用证，只有在乙方收到甲方为芦笋罐头对开的信用证后才能生效，甲方在收到这份信用证后，应及时装运加工设备，提供本协议第七条所需的单证和180天到期的汇票，以便取得他的银行承兑。
Party b shall within 15 days after signing this agreement establish in favour of party a an banker`s acceptance l/c in payment for the equipment ,for an account not less than J 22200000,available by draft at 180 days sight ,the l/c will be effective only after receipt by party b of a satisfactory reciprocal l/c opened by party a for payment of canned asparagns ,after receipt of the l/c ,party a shall effect shipment of the equipment of the equipment in time ,provide the required documents according to article 7 of this agreement together with the draft at 180 days sight ,and obtain its bank`s acceptance
23）乙方将向甲方提供上述货物在香港和日本市场的市级零售价以供甲方参考，乙方无权干涉甲方的销售价，销售场所，和销售办法，但有权提出积极地建议，甲方有责任向乙方提交销售报告（包括零售价）销售过程中出现的问题和为提高销售额而提出的建议，乙方应向甲方提供各种有利于销售（包括免费样品，试销货物，化妆品促销资料，技术交流和有贮存条件等）便利。
Party b will submit to party a the actual retail prices of aforesaid articles in hongkong and Japanese markets for party a`s reference.Party b has no right to interfere with a`s selling
price ,spot and method ,but it has the right to make positive proposals , partya is responsibleto submit party b regular reports on selling situation(covering retail price), problems arising in the course of selling and making proposals to improve sales ,party b should provide party a with various arrangements which are conductive to sales(including samples free of charge ,articles for trial sales ,data for promoting cosmetic sales ,technical exchange and conditions for storage etc.
第五篇：商务合同翻译
• Tranlation of Business Contract
一、商务合同概述
• A contract is an agreement, which legally binds the parties concerned.• 在由Steven H.Gifts编著的“Law Dictionary”中，contract被定义为 “a promise, or a set
of promises, for breach of which the law gives remedy, or the performance of the which the law in some way recognize as a duty.”
• 合同是一种承诺，违反承诺可以得到法律救助，在某种意义上，法律将履行该承诺
看作是一种补偿。综上可见，合同是平等主体之间设立的确定民事权利和义务的法律协议。
• 合同英语属于庄重文体（the frozen style），是各种英语文体中正式程度最高的一种。
总体来说，这种正式性体现在内容的专业性、语言的严谨性和结构的完整性等方面。合同种类
• 正式合同 Contract(P197)
• 协议书 Agreement
• 确议书 Confirmation
• 备忘录 Memorandum
• 订单 Order
• 意向书 Letter of intent
二、商务合同的构成部分
一.约首(the head)
1.合同名称 Title
2.前文（前言）Preamble
1)Date of signing
2)Signing parties
3)Each party’s authority 当事人的合法依据
4）Place of signing
5)Recitalsor WHEREAS clause 定约缘由
二.本文（Body)
① 定义条款（Definition clause)
② 基本条款（Basic conditions)
③ 一般条款（General terms and conditions)
a.合同有效期限（Duration)
b.终止(Termination)
c.不可抗力（Force Majeure)
d.合同的让与（Assignment)
e.仲裁（Arbitration)
f.适用法律（governing law)
g.诉讼管辖（Jurisdiction)
h.通知手续（Notice)
i.合同的修改（Amendment)
j.其他（Others)
三.约尾（the tail)
① 结尾语包括合同的份数、使用的文字和效力等（Concluding sentence)
② 签名（Signature)
③ 盖印（Seal)
三、Features of legal documents
1.common words with unusual meaning
•action诉讼alienation转让 avoid取消 counterpart有同等效力的副本
• Prejudice提案 save除了vacation休庭期间 limitation时效 minor未成年人
• review审查案件，复审 tort侵权
Eg.1.Thank you for your consideration.•No consideration, no contract.合同无对价不成立。
Eg.2.The testator died without issue.立遗嘱人死亡时没有子嗣.•The parties could not agree on the issue.•The passport was issued by the Liverpool office.2.Old English
To make the compound words by adding after, by, in, of, on, to, under, upon, or with after here,there, or where
• Hereafter: in this document and after this point 此后, 以后
• Hereby: in this way or by this letter以此, 特此, 由此
• Thereby: by that 按此, 借此, 从而, 由此
• Therefrom: from that从那里
Whereas Party A is willing to employ Party B and Party B agrees to do as Party A’s engineer in
Beijing, it is hereby agrees as follows.鉴于甲方愿聘请乙方,乙方同意应聘为甲方在北京的工程师,双方协议如下:
In consideration of the mutual covenants and agreement herein contained, the parties agree
as follows.双方考虑到在此提出的契约和协议, 同意如下条款.3.Use the synonymous word with its relevant words
• Terms and conditions 条件 null and void 无效free and clear of 无
•able and willing 能够并愿意any duties, obligations or liabilities所有责任
• applicable laws, regulations, decrees, directives,and rules 适用法律法规
•charges, fees, costs and expenses 各种费用any and all 全部
•covenants and agreements 合同，协议customs and usages 惯例
• import duty and tax 进口税捐keep secret and confidential保密
• licenses and permits 许可packing and wrapping expenses 包装费
• rights and interests 权益settle claims and debts 清理债务
• ships and vessels 船只sign and issue 签发
• support and maintenance 维护use and wont习惯，惯例
1）This Agreement made and entered into by and between ABC Co.and XYZ Co.ABC 公司和XYZ公司双方签订本协议。
2）All documents, letters, telegrams and telexes interchanged between both parties before the
signing of the Contract shall become null and void automatically from the date on which the
Contract comes into force.双方在签约前交换的所有文件、书信、电报和电传，应从本合同生效之日开始自动失效。
4.Latinate words
•alibi—不在犯罪现场ad hoc – 专门地de facto---事实上的•bona fide---真诚的alias---别名 versus---对，诉
eg.He established an alibi to the charge of murder.•他提供了谋杀案发生时不在场证明。
•他证实在谋杀案发生时，他不在场。
5.Formal words
• Compare the following two kinds of words and expressions
1）At the request of Party B, Party A agrees to send technicians to assist/help Party B to install
the equipment.应乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技术员帮助乙方安装设备
2）Party A shall send back/repatriate the patient to China and bear the cost of his passage to
Beijing.甲方应将病人遣返中国，负责病人回到北京的旅费。
Failure to notify Party A shall be deemed to be/ be regarded as a material breach of this
agreement.•未能按上述要求通知甲方的，则视为构成实质违约。
Enclosed is our new Quotation NO.475 in lieu of/in place of the previous one.•随附我公司第475号报价替代前发的报价单。
Prices are subject to change/alteration with or without notice.•不管是否事先通知，价格可随时变动。
宪法优先于其他一切法律
• Constitution is before/ prior to all other laws.• 任何一方不得在不预先通知的情况下终止合同
•Either party shall not terminate /stop the contract without notice in advance.–Terminate, stopcommence, begin
– be deemed to,be regarded asin lieu of, in place of
– prior to, beforewhatsoever, whatever
– accomplish, doadditional, extraacquire, get
– alteration,changeapplication, useassistance, help
注意may、shall、should、will、may not、shall not等词语的法律内涵
• May、shall、should、will、may not、shall not等词的确很常见，但是在合同中这些
词具有特殊的意义，所以翻译起来要极其谨慎，避免引起纠纷。
a.May：在表示合同上的权利（Right）、权限（Power）或特权（Privilege）的场合中
使用。若表示某种权利在法律上具有强制性的时候，更多的是“be entitled”。
b.Shall：在合同中并不是单纯的将来时，一般用它来表示法律上可以强制执行的义务
（Obligation）。如未履行，即视为违约，并构成某种赔偿责任。所以，shall在译文里，通常
表示“应该”或“必须”，当然，也有不翻译的时候。例如：
• The quality and prices of the commodities to be exchanged between the ex-importers in
the two countries shall be acceptable to both sides.• 货物的质量和价格必须使进出口双方都能接受。
• The formation of this contract, its validity, interpretation, execution and settlement of
the disputes shall be governed by related laws of the People’s Republic of China.• 本合同的订立、效力、解释、履行和争议的解决均受中华人民共和国法律的管辖。
shall没有译出。
c.Should：在合同中通常只用来表示语气较弱的假设，多翻译成“万一”或“如果”，极少译成“应该”。
• The board meeting shall be convened and presided over by the Chairman.Should the
chairman be absent, the vice-Chairman shall, in principle, convene and preside over the
board meeting.• 董事会会议应由董事长召集、主持；若董事长缺席，原则上应由副董事长召集、主
持。
• The parties hereto shall, first of all, settle any dispute arising from or in connection with
the contract by friendly negotiations.Should such negotiations fail, such dispute may be
referred to the People's Court having jurisdiction on such dispute for settlement in the
absence of any arbitration clause in the disputed contract or in default of agreement
reached after such dispute occurs.• 双方首先应通过友好协商，解决因合同而发生的或与合同有关的争议。如果协商未
果，合同中又无仲裁条款约定或争议发生后未就仲裁达成协议的，可将争议提交有
管辖权的人民法院解决。
d.Will：一般使用在没有法律强制的情况下，也用做表示承担义务的声明，但语气和
强制力比Shall弱。
e.May not（或shall not）：用于禁止性义务，即“不得做什么”。
• 6.Terminology
•cause of action案由defendant 被告appeal 上诉
• damages损失，赔偿金force majeure不可抗力 …
Indemnity n.a promise to protect someone from money lost or goods damaged;赔偿的保证
repayment for this；赔偿金
An insurance contract that promises to pay for the replacement or repair of lost of
damaged goods赔偿物
e.g.to arrange an ~ against loss办理损失赔偿
to demand an ~ for the delayed payment因延期付款要求赔偿
Money demanded by a victorious nation at the end of awar as a condition of peace is an ~.战争结束时，战胜国作为和平条件索取之款项称为“赔款”。
Infringement: violation n.违反；违背；侵犯；侵害
Force majeure: an unexpected and unavoidable event that causes or allows a contract to
be changed or cancelled if it has a force majeure clause.e.g.As a result of force majeure the transaction was not completed.基于不可抗力的因素，交易未能完成。
Arbitration : the settling of a dispute by means of a neutral third party rather than by a
court of law.仲裁（通过中立的第三方不通过法庭解决纠纷）
e.g.They decided to settle the dispute by ~.他们决定通过仲裁解决争议。
Translation requirements
•1.Adequate & precise
•Eg.Unless it is legally or physically impossible, the contractor shall execute and
complete the works and remedy the defects therein in strict accordance with the
contract to the satisfaction of the engineer.•除法律或条件不允许的情况之外，承包方应严格按合同施工和竣工，并改进工作中的任何缺陷，达到工程师满意的程度。
•Party A shall send technicians atParty B’s expense to train Party B’s personnel withindays after signing the Contract.• 甲方应于签约后三十天内派遣技术员培训乙方的人员，有关费用由乙方承担。
•This Contract can only be altered, amended or supplemented in accordance with
documents signed and sealed by authorized representatives of both parties.•本合同的修改补充应有双方授权代表签名盖章的文件，才能进行
•合营企业的一切活动应遵守中华人民共和国法律、法令和有关条例规定。
•All the activities of the joint venture, shall comply with the provision of the laws,decrees and pertinent regulations of the Republic of China.• 拘役的期限，为十五日以上六个月以下。
•A term of criminal detention shall not be less than 15 days and no more than 6 months.2、expressiveness & smoothness
•合同文本是一种法律文件，属于庄严性文体。翻译商务合同时还应该把规范通
顺视为另一大原则。所谓“规范”，是指译文必须符合法律语言的特点，尽量体现出
契约文体的特点。而所谓“通顺”，是指译文应当符合汉语的语法要求，使译文清晰
易懂。
• During the period from the date of effectiveness to the termination of the Contract, the
two Parties shall hold a meeting very year to discuss problems arising form the execution
of the Contract.原译：在合同生效之日起到合同终止之日的期间内，双方每年举行一次会议，讨论合同
发行中出现的问题。
• 原文在理解上没有什么特别困难的地方，译文意思也算正确，但只对原文逐字逐句
翻译，显得呆板，改译为：
• 本合同有效期间，双方应每年正式会晤一次，以讨论本合同履行期间存在的问题。
• The date of Bill of Lading shall be taken as the conclusive proof of the date of shipment,six(6)days grace shall be allowed for shipment earlier or later than the time agreed
upon by the Parties.In the event of the goods for one order being shipped in more than
one lot, each lot shall be deemed to be a separate sale on Contract.• 原译：提单的日期应为交货日期的最后证明。双方允许交货比约定的时间早交或迟
交六天。一次订货多于一批装运，那么，每批货应被当作是合同的单独买卖。
• 原译文表达累赘，结构松散，不合乎汉语契约文体的简约风格。改译为：
• 交货日期以提单所载日期为准，双方同意在合同约定的交货期的基础上，允许有前
后六天的装运宽限期。若一次订货分批装运，则每一批货为合同项下的单独 买卖。
• One-third of the total amount shall be paid with the order when the Contract is signed,one third by documentary bill when shipment is effected, and the balance by clean bills
when the goods have arrived.• 合同签订时先预付货款总额的三分之一，装船后凭跟单汇票再付三分之一，剩余的三分之一在货物抵达时凭光票一次性付清。
• 译文充分利用添加的横线部分充分表明了原条款的三个付款阶段：交货前、交货时、交货后，使得层次清楚，表达通顺。
合同的订立、生效和履行
• 1.This contract is made in two originals that should be held by each party.•此合同一式二份，由双方各持一正本。
• 2.What is left unmentioned in contract may be added there as an appendix.• 本合同未尽事宜，可由双方增补作为合同附件。
• 3.本合同一式四份（正副本各两份）自签署后生效
• The Contract is written in quadruplicate(two for original and copy respectively)which
shall become valid on the date of signature.• 4.本合同为中英文两种文本，两种文本具有同等效力。本合同一式两份。自双方签
字（盖章）之日起生效。
• This Contract is executed in two counterparts each in Chinese and English, each of which
shall be deemed equally authentic.This contract is in 2 copies effective since being signed by
both parties.•5.Unless the terms or context of this contract otherwise provide, all term used in this
Contract shall have the meanings set out in Schedule A hereto.• 除本合同条款或上下文另有所指，本合同中所有相关用语的定义见附录甲。
•6.it has full authority to enter into this Contract and to perform its obligations
hereunder;
• 该方有全权订立本合同以及履行本合同项下义务；
2.Modification
• 7.债务人将合同的义务全部或者部分转接给第三方的，应当经债权人同意。
•If the debtor intends to transfer all or part of his obligations under the contract to a
third party, consent shall be obtained from the creditor.•Where the obligor delegates its obligations under a contract in whole or in part to a
third party, such delegation shall be subject to the consent of the obligee.• 8.债权人转让权利的，应当通知债务人。未经通知，该转让对债务人不发生效力。
•Any transfer of rights by a creditor shall be notified to the debtor.The transfer
shall not bind the debtor without such notification.•Where the obligee assigns its rights, it shall notify the obligor.Such assignment will
have no effect on the obligor without notice thereof.3.Termination of contracts
• 9.This Contract may be terminated at any time prior to expiration of the Term by the
mutual written contract of the Parties.• 本合同期限届满之前，双方可通过书面协议随时终止本合同。
• 10.This Contract shall terminate upon the expiration of the Term unless extended
pursuant to Article.(Term).• 本合同于合同到期日终止，除非双方按照第[]条（合同期限的续展）的规定续约。
• 11.当事人可以约定一方解除合同的条件。解除合同的条件成就时，解除权人可以
解除合同。
•The parties may agree upon conditions under which either party may terminate the
contract.Upon satisfaction of the conditions, the party who has the right to terminate
may terminate the contract.• 12.Termination of this Agreement for any reason shall be without prejudice to any
right of action vested in either Party at the date of termination.• 本协议无论因何原因终止，不得损害任何一方在终止协议时的任何的行动权利。
• 13.合同的权利义务终止，不影响合同中结算和清理条款的效力。
• The termination of rights and obligations under a contact shall not affect the validity of
clauses that related to the final settlement of accounts and winding-up.4.Liability for Breach of Contract
• 14.当事人双方都违反合同的，应当各自承担相应的责任。
• If both parties breach a contract, each party shall bear its own respective liabilities.• 15.If a party fails to perform its obligations under a contract, or its performance fails to
satisfy the terms of the contract, it shall bear the liabilities for breach of contract such as to continue to perform its obligations, to take remedial measures, or to compensate for losses.• 当事人一方不履行合同义务或者履行合同义务不符合约定的，应当承担继续履行、采取补救措施或者赔偿损失等违约责任。
• 5.Applicable law and dispute resolution
• 16.Where other laws provide otherwise in respect of a contract, such provisions shall
prevail.• 其他法律对合同另有规定的，依照其规定。
• 17.本合同的订立、效力、解释、履行受中华人民共和国法律的管辖。
• The formation, validity, interpretation and execution in respect of this contract shall be
governed by the relevant laws of the People's Republic of China.• 18.仲裁裁决是终局的，对双方都有约束力。
•The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties.
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