第一篇：英文合同翻译用词——hereby
一.hereby
英文释义:by means of , by reason of this
中文译词:特此,因此,兹
用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语.例1：
The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract.参考译文:
业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。
注释:(1)hereby: by reason of this 特此
(2)covenant: v.make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约;n.legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同(3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工
(4)therein: in the Works在本工程中(5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价
(6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which
(7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照
(8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款
例2：
We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request.注释：（1）hereby：特此
（2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know据我们所知
（3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述声明
（4）herein：in this, in the statement在声明中
（5）documentary proof：证明文件
参考译文： 特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并提供了全部现有的资料和数据，我们同意，应贵方要求出具证明文件。
例3：
This Contract is hereby made and concluded by and between Co.(hereinafter referred to as Party
A)and Co.(hereinafter referred to as Party B)on(Date), in(Place), China, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through amicable consultation.注释：
（1）hereby：特此
（2）hereinafter referred to as Party A：以下称甲方
（3）on the principle of equality and mutual benefit：在平等互利基础上
（4）through amicable consultation：通过友好协商
参考译文：
本合同双方，公司（以下称甲方）与公司（以下称乙方），在平等互利基础上，通过友好协商，于年月日在中国（地点），特签订本合同。
例4：
This agreement is hereby made and entered into on(Date), by and between Co.China(hereinafter referred to as Party A)and Co.(hereinafter referred to as Party B).注释：（1）this agreement is hereby made and entered into：特此订立本协议
在法律文件中表示“订立本协议”可用以下4个动词：sign(make, conclude or enter into)this agreement, 按照同义词连用的写作特点，可用上述4个动词中的两个来表示）。
（2）hereinafter referred to as Party B：以下简称乙方 参考译文：
本协议特由中国公司（以下简称甲方）与公司（以下简称乙方）于年月日订立。
第二篇：英文合同翻译用词——herein
四 herein
英文释义:in this
中文译词:此中，于此
用法:表示上文已提及的“本合同（中）的……，本法（中）的……”等时，使用该词。如表示“本法（中）所称的不正当竞争”，可译为“unfair competition mentioned herein”，此处herein表示“in this Law”；表示“本协议（中）内容”，译为“the Contents herein”，此处herein表示“in this Agreement”。
语法：置于所修饰词后,紧邻所修饰词.例1
Unfair competition mentioned in this Law refers to such acts of business operators as contravene the provisions hereof, with a result of damaging the lawful rights and interests of other business operators, and disturbing the socio-economic order.Business operators mentioned herein refer to such legal persons, other economic organizations and individuals as engage in the trading of goods or profit-making services(hereafter called Goods including services).注释：
（1）unfair competition：不正当竞争
（2）mentioned in this Law：本法所称
（3）refer to：是指
（4）contravene the provisions hereof：违反本法规定
（5）damage the lawful rights and interests of other business operators：损害其他经营者的合法权益
（6）disturb the socio-economic order：扰乱社会经济秩序
（7）business operators mentioned herein：本法所称的经营者 herein：in this Law
（8）engage in the trading of goods or profit-making services：从事商品经营或营利性服务 engage in：从事，be engaged in：忙于
参考译文：
本法所称的不正当竞争，是指经营者违反本法规定，损害其他经营者的合法权益，扰乱社会经济秩序的行为。
本法所称的经营者，是指从事商品经营或营利性服务（以下所称商品包括服务）的法人、其他经济组织和个人。
例2
This Law is hereby formulated and prepared in order to develop the foreign trade, maintain the foreign trade order and promote the healthy development of the socialist market economy.Foreign trade mentioned herein shall cover the import and export of goods, technology and the international trade in services.注释：
（1）this Law is hereby formulated and prepared：兹制定本法
（2）maintain the foreign trade order：维护对外贸易秩序
（3）promote the healthy development of the socialist market economy：促进社会主义市场经济的健康发展
（4）foreign trade mentioned herein：本法所称对外贸易 herein：in this Law
（5）the international trade in services：国际服务贸易
参考译文：
为了发展对外贸易，维护对外贸易秩序，促进社会主义市场经济的健康发展，兹制定本法。本法所称对外贸易，是指货物进出口、技术进出口和国际服务贸易。
例3
The term “company” mentioned herein refers to such a limited liability company or such a company limited by shares as are established within the territory of China in accordance with this Law.注释：
（1）mentioned herein：mentioned in this Law 本法所称
（2）limited liability company：有限责任公司
（3）company limited by shares：股份有限公司
（4）within the territory of China：在中国境内
参考译文：
本法所称公司是指依照本法在中国境内设立的有限责任公司和股份有限公司。
例4
Illegal gains from the crimes as specified in this Decision shall, if any, be confiscated.Where those commit crimes against the provisions herein, with their illegal gains to be confiscated, a fine imposed on, their property forfeited and a civil compensation assumed by, and their property and assets are insufficient for the payments of all the above items, they shall first be liable for the civil compensation.注释：
（1）illegal gains：违法所得
（2）shall be confiscated：应当予以没收
（3）the provisions herein：the provisions in this Decision 本决定规定
（4）illegal gains to be confiscated：被没收违法所得
（5）a fine imposed on：判处罚金
（6）property forfeited：没收财产
（7）a civil compensation assumed by：承担民事赔偿责任
参考译文：
犯本决定规定之罪有违法所得的，应当予以没收。
犯本决定规定之罪，被没收违法所得、判处罚金、没收财产、承担民事责任的，其财产不足以支付时，先承担民事赔偿责任。
例5
The terms “FOB”, “CFR” or “CIF” shall be subject to the “International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms”(INCOTERMS, 2000)provided by International Chamber of Commerce(ICC)unless otherwise specified herein(in this Contract).注释：
（1）（1）“FOB”（free on board）(…Named port of shipment)：船上交货（…<指定装运港>）
（2）（2）“CFR”（Cost and Freight）(…Named port of destination)：成本加运费（…<指定目的港>）
（3）（3）“CIF”（Cost, Insurance and Freight）(…Named port of destination)：成本、保险费加运费（……<指定目的港>）
（4）（4）the “International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms”(INCOTERMS, 2000)：《国际贸易术语解释通则（INCOTERMS）2000》
参考译文：
除非本合同另有规定，“FOB”、“CFR”和“CIF”均应依照国际商会制定的《国际贸易术语解释通则（INCOTERMS）2000》办理。
例6
Unless otherwise expressly provided for herein, if all disputes, controversies or differences arising out of or in relation to the execution of this Agreement between the Parties hereto, or any breach or default of the provisions hereof(including but not limited to, a dispute concerning the existence or continued existence of this Agreement, and the validity of the Arbitration Clause)fail to be settled amicably, the disputes, controversies or differences in question shall be submitted for arbitration.注释：
（1）unless otherwise expressly provided for herein：除非另有明确表示 herein：in this Agreement
（2）dispute：争议
（3）controversy：纠纷
（4）difference：歧意
（5）the Parties hereto：the Parties to this Agreement本协议双方
（6）any breach or default of the provisions hereof：任何违约及过失
（7）including but not limited to：包括，但不限于
（8）the validity of the Arbitration Clause：仲裁条款有效性 arbitration clause 仲裁条款 参考译文：
除非另有明确表示，则由于执行本协议所引发或与本协议有关的协议双方的所有争议、纠纷或歧意，以及任何违约及过失（包括，但不限于有关本协议存续的争议，仲裁条款有效性的争议），如不能以友好协商的方式解决，则提交仲裁。
例7
The Agent shall, pursuant to the conditions and provisions specified herein, on the Disbursement Date, credit the funds received to such account as is specified by the Borrower under Sub-Clause
2.2 of this Contract.注释：
（1）the Agent：correspondent bank 代理行
（2）pursuant to the conditions and provisions specified herein：按照本合同规定的条件 herein：in this Contract
（3）on the Disbursement Date：在付款日
（4）credit the funds received：贷记入所收资金
（5）the Borrower：借款人
参考译文：
代理行应按照本合同规定的条件，在付款日将所收资金贷记入借款人根据2.2款指定的帐户。
第三篇：英文合同翻译用词——hereof
二 hereof
英文释义: of this
中文译词:关于此点；在本文件中
用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的……”时，使用该词。例如表示本合同条件、条款时，可以说“the terms, conditions and provisions hereof”，这里hereof表示“of this Contract”；又如表示本工程的任何部分，可用“any parts hereof”，这里hereof表示“of this Works”。语法：一般置于要修饰的名词的后面，与之紧邻。
hereof和thereof的区别：hereof强调“of this”。例如，上面的“the terms, conditions and provisions thereof”中的thereof表示of the Contract；“any parts thereof”中的thereof表示of the Works。
例1
Whether the custom of the Port is contrary to this Clause or not, the owner of the goods shall, without interruption, by day and night, including Sundays and holidays(if required by the carrier), supply and take delivery of the goods.Provided that the owner of the goods shall be liable for all losses or damages including demurrage incurred in default on the provisions hereof.注释：
（1）Whether the custom of the Port is contrary to this Clause or not：不论港口习惯是否与本款规定相反，whether… or not：不论……是否
（2）the owner of the goods：货方
（3）without interruption：无间断地
（4）carrier：承运人
（5）in default on the provisions hereof：违反本款规定 hereof：of this Clause
参考译文：
不论港口习惯是否与本款规定相反，货方都应昼夜地，包括星期日和假日（如承运人需要），无间断地提供和提取货物。货方对违反本款规定所引起的所有损失或损坏，包括滞期应负担赔偿责任。
例2
Foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this Law shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, cover such legal entities and other organization as are engaged in foreign trade dealings.注释：
（1）foreign trade dealers：对外贸易经营者
（2）as mentioned in this Law：本法所称
（3）the provisions hereof：the provisions of this Law 本法规定
（4）legal entity：法人
（5）be engaged in foreign trade dealings：从事对外贸易经营活动
参考译文：
本法所称对外贸易经营者，是指依照本法规定从事对外贸易经营活动的法人和其他组织。例3
The establishment of a limited liability company or a company limited by shares shall comply with the conditions and provisions of this Law.A company complying with the conditions and provisions hereof may be registered as a limited liability company or a company limited by shares.Provided that if a company fails to comply with the conditions and provisions hereof, the company in question shall not be registered as a limited liability company or a company limited by shares.注释：
（1）a limited liability company：有限责任公司（2）a company limited by shares：股份有限公司
（3）provisions hereof：本法规定 hereof: of this Law（4）may be registered as：登记为 参考译文：
设立有限责任公司、股份有限公司，必须符合本法规定的条件。符合本法规定的条件的，登记为有限责任公司或者股份有限公司；不符合本法规定的条件的，不得登记为有限责任公司或股份有限公司。例4
If, as a result of withdrawal or any other reasons, an arbitrator fails to perform his duties as an arbitrator, another arbitrator shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, be selected or appointed.注释：
（1）as a result of withdrawal or any other reasons：回避或者其它原因（2）arbitrator：仲裁员
（3）the provisions hereof：the provisions of this Law 本法规定（4）be selected or appointed：选定或指定 参考译文：
仲裁员因回避或者其它原因不能履行职责的，应当依照本法规定重新选定或指定仲裁员。例5
In the event of conflict between the provisions on arbitration formulated and prepared prior to the effective date of this Law and the provisions of this Law, the provisions hereof shall prevail.注释：
（1）conflict：相抵触
（2）prior to the effective date of this Law：本法施行前
（3）the provisions hereof shall prevail：以本法为准 hereof：of this Law 参考译文：
本法施行前制定的有关仲裁的规定与本法的规定相抵触的，以本法为准。例6
Where, in accordance with laws, the circumstance(s)specified in Article 15 and Article 16 of this Law is /are confirmed, the organization with compensatory obligations shall pay compensation in any of the circumstance in question.Where the claimant for compensation demands the confirmation of one of the circumstances specified in Article 15 and Article 16 hereof, and the demanded organization refuses to make the confirmation, the claimant shall have the right to lodge a complaint.Where the claimant claims compensation, the claim, shall, first, be lodged to the organization for compensatory obligations.The provisions of Article 10, Article 11 and Article 12 hereof shall apply to/ in the procedures of compensation.注释：
（1）the organization with compensatory obligations：赔偿义务机关（2）shall pay compensation：应当给予赔偿（3）the claimant for compensation：赔偿请求人
（4）Article 15 and Article 16 hereof：本法第十五条、第十六条 hereof：of this Law
（5）shall have the right to lodge a complaint：有权申诉（6）claims compensation：要求赔偿（7）apply to/ in：适用 More Examples: The comment applies equally here./That argument does not apply in this case./That applies to at least nine-tenths of the people we see about./These remarks apply to every town in this kingdom./The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.参考译文：
赔偿义务机关对依法确认有本法第十五条、第十六条规定的情形之一的，应当给予赔偿。赔偿请求人要求确认有本法第十五条、第十六条规定情形之一的，被要求的机关不予确认的，赔偿请求人有权申诉。赔偿请求人要求赔偿，应当先向赔偿义务机关提出。赔偿程序适用本法第十条、第十一条、第十二条的规定。例7
If an arbitrator involved in one of circumstances specified in Item 4, Article 34 of this Law, and if it is serious, or those specified in Item 6, Article 58 hereof, the arbitrator in question shall, in accordance with the law, bear the legal liability and responsibility.The arbitration commission shall remove the name of the arbitrator in question from the list of arbitrators.注释：
（1）arbitrator：仲裁员
（2）Article 58 hereof：本法第五十八条 hereof：of this Law（3）bear the legal liability and responsibility：承担法律责任（4）the arbitration commission：仲裁委员会
（5）remove the name of the arbitrator in question from the list of arbitrators：将其除名 参考译文：
仲裁员有本法第三十四条第四项规定的情形，情节严重的，或者有本法第五十八条第六项规定的情形的，应当依法承担法律责任，仲裁委员会应当将其除名。例8
If, pursuant to this Law, the relevant responsible authorities with the duty of approvals fail to grant approval to such an application as meets the requirements and provisions hereof, or the company registration authorities fail to register a company whose application meets the requirements hereof, the party in question may, in accordance with laws, apply for reconsideration or bring an administrative suit.注释：
（1）the relevant responsible authorities with the duty of approvals：履行审批职责的有关主管部门
（2）meets the requirements and provisions hereof：符合本法条件（3）the company registration authorities：负责公司登记的主管部门（4）the requirements hereof：本法条件 hereof: of this Law（5）apply for reconsideration：申请复议
（6）bring an administrative suit：提起行政诉讼 参考译文：
依照本法，履行审批职责的有关主管部门，对符合本法条件的申请不予批准，或负责公司登记的主管部门不予登记，当事人可以依法申请复议或者提起行政诉讼。例9
This Decision shall apply to the crimes committed against Article 9, Article 10 and Article 11 hereof by the staff and workers of enterprises other than limited liability companies and
companies limited by shares.注释：
（1）the crimes committed：犯罪行为
（2）against Article 9, Article 10 and Article 11 hereof：犯有本决定第九条、第十条、第十一条规定 hereof: of this Decision 参考译文：
有限责任公司、股份有限公司以外的企业职工有本决定第九条、第十条、第十一条规定的犯罪行为的，适用本决定。例10
Companies registered and established prior to the effective date of this Law shall, in accordance with Laws, administrative regulations, local regulations and pursuant to the “Standard Opinion on Limited Liability Companies” or the “Standard Opinion on Companies Limited by Shares” issued by the relevant responsible department of the State Council, continue to exist.Those companies not completely satisfying the requirements of this Law shall, within the specified time limit, meet the requirements hereof.Specific methods for implementation of this Law will be set out in separate regulations issued by the State Council.注释：
（1）companies registered：已登记成立的公司
（2）the “Standard Opinion on Limited Liability Companies”：《有限责任公司规范意见》（3）the “Standard Opinion on Companies Limited by Shares”：《股份有限公司规范意见》（4）the relevant responsible department of the State Council国务院有关主管部门（5）in separate regulations issued by the State Council：由国务院另行规定 参考译文：
本法施行前已登记成立的公司，应依照法律、行政法规、地方性法规和国务院有关主管部门制定的《有限责任公司规范意见》，和《股份有限公司规范意见》，继续保留。其中不完全具备本法规定的条件的，应当在规定的期限内达到本法规定的条件。具体实施办法，由国务院另行规定。例11
Unfair competition mentioned in this Law refers to acts of such business operators as contravene the provisions hereof, with a result of damaging the lawful rights and interests of other business operators, and disturbing the socio-economic order.注释：
（1）unfair competition：不正当竞争（2）business operators：经营者（3）contravene the provisions hereof：违反本法规定 the provisions hereof：本法规定 hereof：of this Law
（4）the lawful rights and interests：合法权益
（5）disturbing the socio-economic order：扰乱社会经济秩序
参考译文：
本法所称的不正当竞争，是指经营者违反本法规定，损害其他经营者的合法权益，扰乱社会经济秩序的行为。
第四篇：英文合同翻译用词——hereinafter
五 hereinafter
英文释义:later in the same Contract 中文译词:以下,在下文 语法:一般与referred to as, called等词组连用，以避免重复，置于这些词组前面，与之紧邻。
例1：
In accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures and the Contract signed by and between Co.(hereinafter referred to as Party A)and Co.(hereinafter referred to as Party B), the articles of association hereby is formulated and prepared.注释：
（1）in accordance with：under 根据
（2）Law of the People’s Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures：中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法
（3）Hereinafter：以下
（4）articles of association：合营公司章程（条款）
（5）hereby：特此
（6）formulate：prepare 制订
参考译文：
根据《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》以及由公司（以下称甲方）与公司（以下称乙方）所订的合资经营的合同，特制订本公司章程。
例2
Financial institutions with foreign capital mentioned in these Regulations refer to the following financial institutions that are established and operate in China upon approval in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China:(1)subsidiary banks incorporated by foreign capital whose head offices are in China(hereinafter referred to as foreign banks);
(2)branches of foreign bank in China(hereinafter referred to as foreign bank branches);
(3)banks incorporated jointly by foreign and Chinese financial institutions(hereinafter referred to as equity joint-venture banks);
(4)finance companies incorporated by foreign capital whose head offices are in China(hereinafter referred to as foreign finance companies);and
(5)finance companies incorporated jointly by foreign and Chinese financial institutions(hereinafter referred to as equity joint-venture finance companies).注释：
(1)financial institution：金融机构(2)subsidiary banks incorporated by foreign capital whose head offices are in China：总行在中国境内的外国资本银行。在中译英时，这里的“外国资本银行”，应理解成“外资银行的子银行”，英文为subsidiary banks，而不能简单地译成foreign banks，因为很少有一家外国银行把自己的总部搬到国外，但在境外设立子银行、子公司是经常的。(3)hereinafter referred to as foreign banks：以下简称外资银行。
(4)hereinafter referred to as foreign bank branches：以下简称外资银行分行。(5)finance company：财务公司，这里应理解为金融公司，是指在商业银行以外的专门从事抵押放款业务的金融企业。如果中文为会计事务所，则要译成：accounting firm
(6)hereinafter referred to as foreign finance companies：以下简称外资财务公司
(7)hereinafter referred to as equity joint-venture finance companies：以下简称合资财务公司 参考译文：
本条例所称外资金融机构，是指依照中华人民共和国有关法律、法规的规定，经批准在中国境内设立和营业的下列金融机构：
（一）总行在中国境内的外国资本银行（以下简称外资银行）
（二）外国银行在中国境内的分行（以下简称外资银行分行）
（三）外国的金融机构同中国的金融机构在中国境内合资经营的银行（以下简称合资银行）
（四）总公司在中国境内的外国资本的财务公司（以下简称外资财务公司）
（五）外国的金融机构同中国的金融机构在中国境内合资经营的财务公司（以下简称合资财务公司）
例3
When existing Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures, Chinese-foreign cooperative joint ventures and wholly foreign-owned enterprises(hereinafter referred to as “enterprises with foreign
investment”)apply to reorganize themselves into a company, the enterprises with foreign investment shall have a record of making profits for the recent three consecutive years.注释：(1)existing Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures：已设立的中外合资经营企业，即现有的中外合资经营企业(2)Chinese-foreign cooperative joint venture：中外合作经营企业(3)wholly foreign-owned enterprises：外资企业
(4)hereinafter referred to as “enterprises with foreign investment”：以下简称外商投资企业
(5)shall have a record of making profits：应有盈利纪录
参考译文：
已设立的中外合资经营企业、中外合作经营企业，外资企业（以下称为外商投资企业），如申请转变为公司的，应有最近连续3年的盈利纪录。
例4 To apply for the establishment of an investment company, the investor shall submit the following documents to the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation(hereinafter referred to as MOFTEC)for examination and approval after the examination and consent obtained from the foreign trade and economic cooperation authorities of the related province, autonomous region, municipalities directly under the Central Government or the municipalities specifically(separately)listed in the State Economic Plan in which the investment company is to be located.注释：
（1）the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation(hereinafter referred to as MOFTEC)：对外贸易经济合作部（以下简称外经贸部）（2）the foreign trade and economic cooperation authorities：外经贸部门
（3）municipalities directly under the Central Government：直辖市
（4）the municipalities specifically(separately)listed in the State Economic Plan：计划单列市
参考译文：
申请设立投资公司，投资者应将下列文件经拟设立投资公司所在地的省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市外经贸部门审核同意后，报对外贸易经济合作部（以下简称外经贸部）审查批准。
例5
These Regulations are formulated and prepared in accordance with the Company Law of the
People’s Republic of China(hereinafter referred to as the Company Law)in order to affirm the
qualifications of enterprise legal persons of companies and standardize the registration activities of companies.注释：（1）these Regulations are formulated and prepared：制定本条例 prepare：制定（2）the Company Law of the People’s Republic of China：《中华人民共和国公司法》
（3）hereinafter referred to as the Company Law：以下简称《公司法》
（4）to affirm the qualifications of enterprise legal persons of companies：确认公司的企业法
人资格（5）standardize the registration activities of companies：规范公司登记行为
参考译文：
为了确认公司的企业法人资格，规范公司登记行为，依据《中华人民共和国公司法》（以下
简称《公司法》），制定本条例。
例6
In order to further expand international economic co-operation and technological exchange, to
absorb foreign investment and to promote the development of socialist market economy, foreign
companies, enterprises and other economic organizations or individuals(hereinafter referred to as
foreign shareholders)and Chinese companies, enterprises and other economic organizations
(hereinafter referred to as Chinese shareholders)may, within the territory of China, on the
principle of equality and mutual benefit, incorporate themselves into a company limited by shares
with foreign investment(hereinafter referred to as the Company).注释：（1）to further expand international economic co-operation and technological exchange：进一步
扩大国际经济合作和技术交流（2）to absorb foreign investment：引进外资
（3）to promote the development of socialist market economy：促进社会主义市场经济的发展
（4）hereinafter referred to as foreign shareholders：以下简称外国股东 foreign shareholders：外国股东
（5）hereinafter referred to as Chinese shareholders：以下简称中国股东
（6）within the territory of China：在中国境内
（7）a company limited by shares with foreign investment：外商投资股份有限公司参考译文：
为进一步扩大国际经济合作和技术交流，引进外资，促进社会主义市场经济的发展，外国的公司、企业和其他经济组织或个人（以下简称外国股东），按照平等互利的原则，可与中国的公司、企业或其他经济组织（以下简称中国股东）在中国境内共同举办外商投资股份有限公司（以下简称公司）。
例7
In order to promote foreign investment in China and to introduce foreign advanced technology and managerial expertise, foreign investors are permitted to establish investment companies(hereinafter referred to as “investment company”)in China in accordance with the Chinese laws and regulations governing foreign investment and these Regulations.注释：
（1）to introduce foreign advanced technology and managerial expertise：引进国外先进技术和管理经验
（2）to establish investment company：设立投资公司
（3）hereinafter referred to as “investment company”：以下简称投资公司
（4）the Chinese laws and regulations governing foreign investment：中国有关外国投资的法律、法规
参考译文：
为了促进外国投资者来华投资，引进国外先进技术和管理经验，允许外国投资者根据中国有关外国投资的法律、法规及本规定，在中国设立投资公司（以下简称投资公司）。例8
These Detailed Rules shall apply to the resident representative offices set up within the territory of the People’s Republic of China by foreign traders, manufacturers, shipping agents, contractors, consultant
companies, advertising agencies, investment companies, leasing companies and other economic entities(hereinafter called “foreign
enterprises”).注释：
（1）these Detailed Rules：本实施细则
（2）apply（to）：vi.适用于 More Examples：The rules of safe driving apply to everyone./That applies to at least nine-tenths of the people we see about./That argument does not apply in this case./The comment applies equally here.（3）the resident representative offices：常驻代表机构
（4）shipping agents：货运代理商
（5）consultant company：咨询公司
（6）advertising agency：广告公司
（7）leasing company：租赁公司
（8）hereinafter called “foreign enterprises”：以下简称外国企业 参考译文：
本实施细则适用于外国贸易商、制造厂商、货运代理商、承包商、咨询公司、广告公司、投资公司、租赁公司和其他经济贸易组织（以下简称外国企业）在中华人民共和国境内设立的常驻代表机构。
例9
A foreign enterprise applying for the establishment of its resident representative office in the territory of the People’s Republic of China shall, upon approval and consent by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation or its authorized Commissions for Foreign Trade and Economic Relations(hereinafter called the “Examination-Approval Authorities)of the provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities
directly under the Central Government and the municipalities specifically(separately)listed in the State Economic Plan, register with the State Administration for Industry and Commerce or its authorized
Administrations for Industry and Commerce(hereinafter called the “registration authorities)of the provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and the
municipalities specifically(separately)listed in the State Economic Plan.注释：
（1）its authorized Commissions for Foreign Trade and Economic Relations：其授权的对外经济贸易委员会
（2）hereinafter called the “Examination-Approval Authorities：以下简称审批机关 Examination-Approval Authorities：审批机关
（3）register with：办理登记手续
（4）the State Administration for Industry and Commerce：国家工商行政管理局
（5）its authorized Administrations for Industry and Commerce：其授权的（各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市）工商行政管理局
参考译文：
外国企业申请在中华人民共和国境内成立常设代表机构，应经对外贸易经济合作部或其授权的各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市对外经济贸易委员会（厅）（以下简称审批机关）批准，并在中华人民共和国国家工商行政管理局或其授权的各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市工商行政管理局（以下简称登记机关）办理登记手续。
第五篇：英文合同翻译[范文]
We have instructed our bank to open an irrevocable documentary letter of credit in your favor(in favor of you).The amount is ＄1300.00. 我们已通知我方银行开立以你方为受益人的、不可撤销的跟单信用证，其金额为一千三百美金。
Subject to this section, an appeal shall be brought in such manner and shall be subject to such conditions as are prescribed by rules made under subsection(5). 根据本条规定，上诉应该根据第（5）款订立的规则规定的方式提出，并需受该规则所规定的条件限制。
Where a standard term is subject to two or more interpretation, it shall be interpreted against the party providing it.Where a discrepancy exists between the standard term and a non-standard term, the non-standard term prevails. 对格式条款有两种以上解释的，应当作出不利于提供格式条款一方的解释。格式条款和非格式条款不一致的，应当采用非格式条款。
In this Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires, “state” means a territory or group of territories having its/their own law of nationality. 在本条例中，除非上下文另有规定，“国家”只拥有自身的国籍法的一领域或一组领域。
Except as otherwise provided herein, all notices or demands sent by registered airmail shall be deemed received 8 days after they have been sent and notices or demands sent by telex shall be deemed received at the time of the dispatch thereof. 除非本合同另有规定，所有通知和请求以航空挂号信寄出后8日应视为送达收悉，以电传方式发出则在发送时视为收悉。
Without prejudice to section 24, the following will shall be treated as properly executed. 在不影响第24条的原则下，以下遗嘱视为正式签署。
The party A shall nevertheless have the right to cancel in party or in whole of the contract without prejudice to the Party A’s right to claim compensations. 甲方取消部分或全部合同的权利并不妨碍其享有的索赔权。
where an employee is granted any period of annual leave, the employer shall pay him annual leave pay in respect of that period not later than the day on which he is next paid his wages after that period, 如果雇员被给予任何一段期间的年假，则雇主最迟须于该段期间后的第一个发薪日给付该雇员该段时间的年假薪酬。
Should the Party B make delivery on time as stipulated in the Contract with the exception of Force Majeure specified in Provision 18 to this contract, the Party A shall agree to postpone the delivery on condition that the Party B agrees to pay a penalty which shall be deducted by the paying bank from the payment under negotiation. 如果乙方并非因本合同第18条规定的不可抗力而未按照合同规定的期限交货，则只要乙方同意支付罚金，并由付款行从议付中扣除，甲方便同意乙方延期交货。
Any person who is an employee at the commencement of the period during which the business or party thereof is closed down for the purpose specified in subsection(1), and who is not otherwise entitled to annual leave pay in
respect of any day during that period, shall , as regards the period beginning on the appropriate day and ending on the day preceding the first day of the close down, be entitled to annual leave calculated in accordance with subsection(1). 任何因第（1）款所指明目的而停业或部分停业期间开始时已经成为雇员之人，若非因该次停业而无权获得该段期间内任何一天的年假薪酬，则就始于适用日而止于停业首日之前一日之期间，应有权享有按照第四款计算的年假。
For the purpose of this agreement, “control” shall mean either the ownership of fifty-one percent or more of the ordinary share capital of the company carrying the right to vote at general meeting or the power to nominate a majority of the board of directors of the Company. 就本协议而言，“控制”系指拥有在股东大会上有投票权的百分之五十一或以上的公司普通股股本，或拥有任命公司董事会中多数董事的权利。
provided that the acceptance of rent or mesne profits by the party A after the expiration of the term of the tenancy hereby created shall not be deemed to operate as a waiver or breach of the terms hereof nor as a new periodic tenancy by way of holdin over or otherwise.A new tenancy shall only be created by a fresh tenancy agreement in writing signed by the party A and the Party B. 但是甲方在本下一所产生的租赁关系期满后获得的租金或中间收益的行为，不得被认为构成弃权或是对本协议的违反，亦不得认为构成了一个新的租赁期限或其他任何解释，新的租赁关系的产生只能以甲方和乙方以书面形式订立的形式为之一。
this agreement commences on the date last party signs it and expires after …years, unless it is terminated earlier as provided in this agreement.At the expiration of this agreement, the parties may negotiate a renewal or extension of the term, provided that the Party B is in full compliance with this agreement at that time. 除本协议另有规定外，本协议自最后在其上签字的一方签字时生效并于…年后失效。在本协议失效之际，合同当事人可以协商延长合同期限，但是乙方在彼时应完全符合本协议的要求。
The contract is effective as of a certain date. 本合同自某年某月某日起生效。
In case no settlement can be reached, the dispute shall be submitted for arbitration to China International Economic and Arbitration Commission in accordance with the provisional Rules of Procedures promulgated by the said Arbitration Commission. 如未达成和解方案，则纠纷应当提交给中国国际贸易仲裁委员会，根据该会颁布的仲裁程序暂行规定进行仲裁。
To give notice pursuant to this agreement, a party must send written notice to the other party at the address stated in this agreement. 根据本协议给予通知，乙方必须向本协议中规定的另一方地址发送书面通知。
Each party shall contribute his paid in capital in compliance with the items specified in the schedule to the contract. 合同各方应根据本合同附件中所载明的项目进行出资。
All intellectual property rights associated with the goods-including but not limited to company names, trade
names, trademarks, service marks, trade dress, patents, designs, and copyrights-remain the property of the Party B, provided that any such rights associated with particular specifications supplied by the Party A are not the Party B’s property. 与货物相关的所有知识产权，包括但不限于公司名称、商业名称，商标，服务标记，商业外观，专利，设计，著作权，均属于乙方财产，但是甲方提出的任何与特别规定相关的权利不属于乙方财产。
Where the obligee does not notify the obligor its division, consolidation or change of domicile so as to make it difficult for the obligor to perform the obligations, the obligor has right to perform or have the subject matter deposited. 债权人分立、合并或者变更住所没有通知债务人，致使履行债务发生困难的，债务人可以中止履行或者将标的物提存。
The party A is entitled to inspect, or to have its agent inspect, the goods at the(party B’s place of business or point of shipping)
在（乙方营业地或运输地）甲方有权自行或委托其代理人检验货物。
Should the Party A be unable to arrange insurance in time owing to the Party B’s failure to give the above-mentioned advice of shipment by cable or telex, the Party B shall be held responsible for any and all damages and/or losses attributable to such failure. 如果甲方不能及时安排买保险的原因是乙方未能以电报或电传方式发出上述装运通知，则由此产生的损失和损害赔偿责任应由乙方承担。
In view of the personal nature of the service to be performed under this agreement by you, you cannot assign or transfer any of your obligations under this agreement. 因为本协议中待贵方履行的服务有人身性质，贵方不能转让本协议中自己的任何任务。
The purpose of the contract can not be realized by virtue of force majeure. 因不可抗力致使不能实现合同目的. Brokers in the business of brokering real estate loans and engages sales representative to perform services pertaining to such business. 经纪人是指，在房地产贷款经济业务中聘用销售代表进行与该业务相关的服务的人。
Neither party hereto shall assign this Agreement or any of its rights and interests hereunder without the other party’s prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld. 任何一方未经事先书面同意，不得转让本协议或其在本协议项下的任何权利和权益，但该另一方不得无理拒绝同意。
The party A shall promptly notify the party A, in writing, of any acts of infringement or suspected infringement or acts of unfair competition involving the trademarks and of any applications or registrations of confusingly similar marks which may come to its attention. 一旦被许可方获悉涉及商标的侵权行为或涉嫌的侵权行为，或涉及商标的不正当竞争行为，以及引起混淆的类似商标的申请和注册，被许可方应立即书面通知许可方。
Party A is a company duly organized, validly existing and in good standing as a legal person under the laws of
the PRC. 甲方是依据中国法律正式成立，有效存续和资格完备的公司法人。
In the event of bankruptcy, insolvency, dissolution, modification, consolidation ,receivership proceedings affecting the operation of business or discontinuation of business for any reason and/or reorganization by the third party, either of the parties hereto shall have the absolute right to terminate this agreement forthwith. 如遇破产、无力偿债、解散、变更、合并、接管清算程序而影响经营，或因任何原因不能继续经营，或由第三方改组时合同的任何一方有绝对权力立即终止本合同。
Unless otherwise specified in the credit, banks will accept transport documents indicating the third party other than the beneficiary of the credit as the consignor of the goods. 除非信用证另有规定，银行将接受表明以信用证受益人以外的第三者作为发货人的运输单据。
A wholly state-owned company shall establish a board of directors.The board shall, in accordance with the provisions of Article 46 and Article 66 of this Law, exercise and perform its duties.The term of office of the board of directors shall be three years. 国有独资公司设立的董事会，依照本法第四十六条，第六十六条规定履行职责。董事会每届任期为三年。
When, under the laws and approval from the relevant authorities, a limited liability company is converted into a company limited by shares, the total amount which shares are converted into shall be equivalent to the amount of the company's net assets. 有限责任公司变更为股份有限公司时，折合的股份总额应当相等于公司净资产额。
Bank charges1 in respect of transfers are payable by the first beneficiary2 unless otherwise specified by the bank.The transferring bank3 shall have no obligations to effect the transfer4 until such charges are paid4. 除非银行另有规定，有关转让的银行费用应由第一受益人支付。在该费用付清之前，转让行无办理转让的义务
Either Party hereto1 may terminate this Agreement in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of the other party2. 本协议任何一方可以在对方破产或资不抵债的情况下终止本协议。
instructions given by the Engineer shall be in writing.provided that if, for any reason, the Engineer considers it necessary to give any such instruction orally1,the Contractor shall comply with such instruction. 工程师应以书面形式发出指示。若工程师认为由于某种原因有必要以口头形式发出任何此类指示，承包人应遵守该指示。
provided that if, for any reason, the Engineer considers it necessary to give any such instruction orally:(但规定)若工程师认为由于某种原因有必要以口头形式发出任何此类指示。
In the absence of such indication1, the Credit shall be deemed to be recocable2. 如无该项表示，信用证应视作是可撤销的。
The arbitration shall take place in Stockholm, Sweden, and shall be conducted by the arbitration tribunal of the
Stockholm Chamber of Commerce in accordance withthe statues of the tribunal in question. the statues of the tribunal in question.该院的章程。
仲裁地点在瑞典斯德哥尔摩，由斯德哥尔摩商会仲裁院根据该院的章程进行仲裁。
A price to be paid by the Party Aunder its obligations of the buyback/counter purchase Contract shall be the world market prices taking into account the other delivery terms for the goods in question. 甲方根据返销或者回购货物合同的义务所支付的价格应为世界市场价格，结合考虑该货物的其他交货条件。
In case the money to be paid by Party B is not enough to cover the value of the long-term L/C opened by Party A1, the margin payment2 shall be made by Party B with the down payment 3 before the long-term L/C expires, in order to enable Party A to pay the long-term L/C on time. 如乙方支付的货款不能相抵甲方所开的远期信用证之金额，其差额部分由乙方用预付款方式，在甲方所开的远期信用证到期前汇付甲方，以使甲方能按时议付远期信用证。
Party A shall not, under this guarantee1, be liable for any direct or indirect loss2 whatsoever arising out of any defect in the parts or components thereof. 根据本担保，甲方不应承担因零部件缺陷而引起的任何直接或间接损失的赔偿责任。
In Testimony Whereof 1, this Contract shall come into effect after the Contract in question is made and signed by the Parties hereto in duplicate, and either Party will hold one copy. 本合同由双方代表签字后生效，一式两份，双方各执一份。特此立据。
The undersigned Seller and Buyer1 have agreed to close the following transaction 2 in accordance with the terms and conditions stipulated as follows:
兹经签约的买卖双方同意，按下列条款，达成这笔交易。
And Whereas we have agreed to give the Contractor such Bank Guarantee;NOW Therefore we hereby affirm1 that we are the Guarantor2 and responsible to you, on behalf of the Contractor, up to a total of(amount of guarantee)(in words3), such sum being payable in types and proportions of currencies4 in which the Contract is payable, and we undertake to pay you, upon your first written demand and without cavil orargument5, any sum or sums within the limits of(amount of guarantee)as aforesaid 6without your needing to prove or to show grounds or reasons7 for your demand for the sum specified therein。
本银行（或金融机构）已同意为承包人出具保证函，我们因此同意作为保证人，并代表承包人以支付合同价款所规定的货币种类和比例，向你方担保总额为（大写）的保证金。银行在收到业主第一次书面付款要求后，不挑剔，不争辩地，在上述担保金范围内，即向你方支付（保证金额）。你方无须出具证明或陈述提款理由。
All disputes in connection with the execution of this Contract shall be settled friendly through negotiation.In case no settlement can be reached，the case then may be submitted for arbitration to the Arbitration Commission of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade(CCPIT)in accordance with the Provisional Rules of Procedure promulgated by the said Arbitration Commission.the Arbitration committee shall be final and binding upon both parties.and the Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing parties.凡有关执行合同所发生的一切争议应通过友好协商解决，如协商不能解决，则将分歧提交中国国际贸易促进委员会按有关仲裁程序进行仲裁，仲裁将是终局的，双方均受其约束，仲裁费用由败诉方承担。
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